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Dou H, Wang R, Tavallaie M, Xiao T, Olszewska M, Papapetrou EP, Tall AR, Wang N. Hematopoietic and eosinophil-specific LNK(SH2B3) deficiency promotes eosinophilia and arterial thrombosis. Blood 2024; 143:1758-1772. [PMID: 38096361 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Increased eosinophil counts are associated with cardiovascular disease and may be an independent predictor of major cardiovascular events. However, the causality and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Genome-wide association studies have shown an association of a common LNK variant (R262W, T allele) with eosinophilia and atherothrombotic disorders. LNK(TT) reduces LNK function, and Lnk-deficient mice display accelerated atherosclerosis and thrombosis. This study was undertaken to assess the role of eosinophils in arterial thrombosis in mice with hematopoietic Lnk deficiency. Hematopoietic Lnk deficiency increased circulating and activated eosinophils, JAK/STAT signaling in eosinophils, and carotid arterial thrombosis with increased eosinophil abundance and extracellular trap formation (EETosis) in thrombi. Depletion of eosinophils by anti-Siglec-F antibody or by the ΔdbIGata1 mutation eliminated eosinophils in thrombi and markedly reduced thrombosis in mice with hematopoietic Lnk deficiency but not in control mice. Eosinophil depletion reduced neutrophil abundance and NETosis in thrombi without altering circulating neutrophil counts. To assess the role of Lnk specifically in eosinophils, we crossed Lnkf/f mice with eoCre mice. LnkΔeos mice displayed isolated eosinophilia, increased eosinophil activation, and accelerated arterial thrombosis associated with increased EETosis and NETosis in thrombi. DNase I infusion abolished EETs and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in thrombi and reversed the accelerated thrombosis. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived LNK(TT) eosinophils showed increased activation and EETosis relative to isogenic LNK(CC) eosinophils, demonstrating human relevance. These studies show a direct link between eosinophilia, EETosis, and atherothrombosis in hematopoietic Lnk deficiency and an essential role of eosinophil LNK in suppression of arterial thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Dou
- Molecular Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ranran Wang
- Molecular Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Mojdeh Tavallaie
- Molecular Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Tong Xiao
- Molecular Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Malgorzata Olszewska
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Center for Advancement of Blood Cancer Therapies, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Eirini P Papapetrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Center for Advancement of Blood Cancer Therapies, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Alan R Tall
- Molecular Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Nan Wang
- Molecular Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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Zhang L, Chun Y, Irizar H, Arditi Z, Grishina G, Grishin A, Vicencio A, Bunyavanich S. Integrated study of systemic and local airway transcriptomes in asthma reveals causal mediation of systemic effects by airway key drivers. Genome Med 2023; 15:71. [PMID: 37730635 PMCID: PMC10512627 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic and local profiles have each been associated with asthma, but parsing causal relationships between system-wide and airway-specific processes can be challenging. We sought to investigate systemic and airway processes in asthma and their causal relationships. METHODS Three hundred forty-one participants with persistent asthma and non-asthmatic controls were recruited and underwent peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) collection and nasal brushing. Transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing of the PBMC and nasal samples and a series of analyses were then performed using a discovery and independent test set approach at each step to ensure rigor. Analytic steps included differential expression analyses, coexpression and probabilistic causal (Bayesian) network constructions, key driver analyses, and causal mediation models. RESULTS Among the 341 participants, the median age was 13 years (IQR = 10-16), 164 (48%) were female, and 200 (58.7%) had persistent asthma with mean Asthma Control Test (ACT) score 16.6 (SD = 4.2). PBMC genes associated with asthma were enriched in co-expression modules for NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity (fold enrichment = 4.5, FDR = 6.47 × 10-32) and interleukin production (fold enrichment = 2.0, FDR = 1.01 × 10-15). Probabilistic causal network and key driver analyses identified NK cell granule protein (NKG7, fold change = 22.7, FDR = 1.02 × 10-31) and perforin (PRF1, fold change = 14.9, FDR = 1.31 × 10-22) as key drivers predicted to causally regulate PBMC asthma modules. Nasal genes associated with asthma were enriched in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle module (fold enrichment = 7.5 FDR = 5.09 × 10-107), with network analyses identifying G3BP stress granule assembly factor 1 (G3BP1, fold change = 9.1 FDR = 2.77 × 10-5) and InaD-like protein (INADL, fold change = 5.3 FDR = 2.98 × 10-9) as nasal key drivers. Causal mediation analyses revealed that associations between PBMC key drivers and asthma are causally mediated by nasal key drivers (FDR = 0.0076 to 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Integrated study of the systemic and airway transcriptomes in a well-phenotyped asthma cohort identified causal key drivers of asthma among PBMC and nasal transcripts. Associations between PBMC key drivers and asthma are causally mediated by nasal key drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdi Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Yoojin Chun
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Haritz Irizar
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Zoe Arditi
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Galina Grishina
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Alexander Grishin
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Alfin Vicencio
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Supinda Bunyavanich
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Ma X, Ru Y, Luo Y, Kuai L, Chen QL, Bai Y, Liu YQ, Chen J, Luo Y, Song JK, Zhou M, Li B. Post-Translational Modifications in Atopic Dermatitis: Current Research and Clinical Relevance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:942838. [PMID: 35874824 PMCID: PMC9301047 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.942838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing cutaneous disorder characterized by compromised immune system, excessive inflammation, and skin barrier disruption. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are covalent and enzymatic modifications of proteins after their translation, which have been reported to play roles in inflammatory and allergic diseases. However, less attention has been paid to the effect of PTMs on AD. This review summarized the knowledge of six major classes (including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, glycosylation, o-glycosylation, and glycation) of PTMs in AD pathogenesis and discussed the opportunities for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Ru
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Kuai
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Long Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye-Qiang Liu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Kun Song
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mi Zhou, ; Bin Li,
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mi Zhou, ; Bin Li,
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R. S, D. M, M.G. MN, N. V, N. T, Kim JW. An Investigation of Pepsin Hydrolysate of Short Antibacterial Peptides Derived from Limnospira Sp. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:5580-5593. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Carroll DJ, Cao Y, Bochner BS, O’Sullivan JA. Siglec-8 Signals Through a Non-Canonical Pathway to Cause Human Eosinophil Death In Vitro. Front Immunol 2021; 12:737988. [PMID: 34721399 PMCID: PMC8549629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-8 is a glycan-binding receptor bearing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory and switch motifs (ITIM and ITSM, respectively) that is selectively expressed on eosinophils, mast cells, and, to a lesser extent, basophils. Previous work has shown that engagement of Siglec-8 on IL-5-primed eosinophils causes cell death via CD11b/CD18 integrin-mediated adhesion and NADPH oxidase activity and identified signaling molecules linking adhesion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell death. However, the proximal signaling cascade activated directly by Siglec-8 engagement has remained elusive. Most members of the Siglec family possess similar cytoplasmic signaling motifs and recruit the protein tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1/2, consistent with ITIM-mediated signaling, to dampen cellular activation. However, the dependence of Siglec-8 function in eosinophils on these phosphatases has not been studied. Using Siglec-8 antibody engagement and pharmacological inhibition in conjunction with assays to measure cell-surface upregulation and conformational activation of CD11b integrin, ROS production, and cell death, we sought to identify molecules involved in Siglec-8 signaling and determine the stage of the process in which each molecule plays a role. We demonstrate here that the enzymatic activities of Src family kinases (SFKs), Syk, SHIP1, PAK1, MEK1, ERK1/2, PLC, PKC, acid sphingomyelinase/ceramidase, and Btk are all necessary for Siglec-8-induced eosinophil cell death, with no apparent role for SHP-1/2, SHIP2, or c-Raf. While most of these signaling molecules are necessary for Siglec-8-induced upregulation of CD11b integrin at the eosinophil cell surface, Btk is phosphorylated and activated later in the signaling cascade and is instead necessary for CD11b activation. In contrast, SFKs and ERK1/2 are phosphorylated far earlier in the process, consistent with their role in augmenting cell-surface levels of CD11b. In addition, pretreatment of eosinophils with latrunculin B or jasplakinolide revealed that actin filament disassembly is necessary and sufficient for surface CD11b integrin upregulation and that actin polymerization is necessary for downstream ROS production. These results show that Siglec-8 signals through an unanticipated set of signaling molecules in IL-5-primed eosinophils to induce cell death and challenges the expectation that ITIM-bearing Siglecs signal through inhibitory pathways involving protein tyrosine phosphatases to achieve their downstream functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeremy A. O’Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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6
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Chellaiah MA. L-Plastin Phosphorylation: Possible Regulation by a TNFR1 Signaling Cascade in Osteoclasts. Cells 2021; 10:2432. [PMID: 34572081 PMCID: PMC8464874 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling regulates phosphorylation of L-plastin, which is involved in forming the nascent sealing zone, a precursor zone for the matured sealing ring. This study aimed to illustrate the molecular mechanisms of L-plastin phosphorylation and the subsequent formation of the nascent sealing zone in osteoclasts treated with TNF-α. Here, we report that anti-TNF-receptor 1, inhibitors of signaling proteins (Src, PI3-K, Rho, and Rho-kinase), and siRNA of TRAF-6 attenuated the phosphorylation of LPL and filamentous actin content significantly in the presence of TNF-α. An inhibitor of integrin αvβ3, PKC, or PKA did not inhibit TNF-α-induced L-plastin phosphorylation. Inhibitors of Src and PI3-K and not Rho or Rho-kinase reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of TRAF-6, suggesting that Src and PI3-K regulate TRAF-6 phosphorylation, and Rho and Rho-kinase are downstream of TRAF-6 regulation. Osteoclasts expressing constitutively active or kinase-defective Src proteins were used to determine the role of Src on L-plastin phosphorylation; similarly, the effect of Rho was confirmed by transducing TAT-fused constitutively active (V14) or dominant-negative (N19) Rho proteins into osteoclasts. Pull-down analysis with glutathione S-transferase-fused SH2 and SH3 domains of Src and PI3-K demonstrated coprecipitation of L-plastin and TRAF-6 with the SH3 and SH2 domains of the PI3-K and Src proteins. However, the actual order of the interaction of proteins requires further elucidation; a comprehensive screening should corroborate the initial findings of protein interactions via the SH2/SH3 domains. Ultimately, inhibition of the interaction of proteins with SH2/SH3 could reduce L-plastin phosphorylation and affect NSZ formation and bone resorption in conditions that display osteoclast activation and bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi A Chellaiah
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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7
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Casado-Bedmar M, de-Faria FM, Biskou O, Lindqvist CM, Ranasinghe PD, Bednarska O, Peterson C, Walter SA, Carlson M, Keita ÅV. Elevated F-EDN correlates with mucosal eosinophil degranulation in patients with IBS-A possible association with microbiota? J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:655-665. [PMID: 34151454 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0521-228r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils have been linked to functional dyspepsia; however, less is known about their role in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study tested the hypothesis of alterations in levels of fecal eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (F-EDN) and eosinophil density and degranulation within the colonic mucosa of IBS patients compared with healthy controls (HC). Colonic biopsies were collected from 37 IBS patients and 20 HC and analyzed for eosinophil numbers and local degranulation of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) by histologic procedures. Fecal samples were collected for F-EDN and microbiota analysis. Differentiated 15HL-60 cells were used in vitro to investigate the direct effect of live bacteria on eosinophil activation measured by a colorimetric assay with o-phenylenediamine (OPD) substrate. We observed a higher number of eosinophils and increased extracellular ECP in the mucosa of IBS patients compared with HC. Moreover, F-EDN levels in IBS samples were elevated compared with HC and positively correlated to extracellular ECP. Metagenomic analysis showed significant correlations between bacterial composition and eosinophil measurements in both HC and IBS patients. In vitro experiments revealed an increased degranulation of 15HL-60 after stimulation with Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enterica, and Yersinia enterocolitica. To conclude, we could demonstrate alterations related to eosinophils in IBS, and, for the first time, a positive correlation between F-EDN levels and degranulated eosinophils in the colonic mucosa of IBS patients. Together our results suggest that eosinophils play a role in the pathophysiology of IBS and the mechanisms might be linked to an altered microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Casado-Bedmar
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Felipe Meira de-Faria
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Olga Biskou
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Purnika Damindi Ranasinghe
- Institute of Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Olga Bednarska
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Gastroenterology, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Christer Peterson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden and Diagnostics Development, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanna A Walter
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Gastroenterology, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Carlson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology Research Group, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa V Keita
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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8
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Anaya EP, Lin X, Todd EM, Szasz TP, Morley SC. Novel Mouse Model Reveals That Serine Phosphorylation of L-Plastin Is Essential for Effective Splenic Clearance of Pneumococcus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2135-2145. [PMID: 33858961 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Asplenia imparts susceptibility to life-threatening sepsis with encapsulated bacteria, such as the pneumococcus. However, the cellular components within the splenic environment that guard against pneumococcal bacteremia have not been defined. The actin-bundling protein L-plastin (LPL) is essential for the generation of marginal zone B cells and for anti-pneumococcal host defense, as revealed by a mouse model of genetic LPL deficiency. In independent studies, serine phosphorylation of LPL at residue 5 (S5) has been described as a key "switch" in regulating LPL actin binding and subsequent cell motility, although much of the data are correlative. To test the importance of S5 phosphorylation in LPL function, and to specifically assess the requirement of LPL S5 phosphorylation in anti-pneumococcal host defense, we generated the "S5A" mouse, expressing endogenous LPL bearing a serine-to-alanine mutation at this position. S5A mice were bred to homozygosity, and LPL was expressed at levels equivalent to wild-type, but S5 phosphorylation was absent. S5A mice exhibited specific impairment in clearance of pneumococci following i.v. challenge, with 10-fold-higher bacterial bloodstream burden 24 h after challenge compared with wild-type or fully LPL-deficient animals. Defective bloodstream clearance correlated with diminished population of marginal zone macrophages and with reduced phagocytic capacity of multiple innate immune cells. Development and function of other tested leukocyte lineages, such as T and B cell motility and activation, were normal in S5A mice. The S5A mouse thus provides a novel system in which to elucidate the precise molecular control of critical immune cell functions in specific host-pathogen defense interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar P Anaya
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; and
| | - Xue Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; and
| | - Elizabeth M Todd
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; and
| | - Taylor P Szasz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; and
| | - S Celeste Morley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; and .,Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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9
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Schaffner-Reckinger E, Machado RAC. The actin-bundling protein L-plastin-A double-edged sword: Beneficial for the immune response, maleficent in cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 355:109-154. [PMID: 32859369 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic organization of the actin cytoskeleton into bundles and networks is orchestrated by a large variety of actin-binding proteins. Among them, the actin-bundling protein L-plastin is normally expressed in hematopoietic cells, where it is involved in the immune response. However, L-plastin is also often ectopically expressed in malignant cancer cells of non-hematopoietic origin and is even considered as a marker for cancer progression. Post-translational modification modulates L-plastin activity. In particular, L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation has been shown to be important for the immune response in leukocytes as well as for invasion and metastasis formation of carcinoma cells. This chapter discusses the physiological and pathological role of L-plastin with a special focus on the importance of L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation for the protein functions. The potential use of Ser5 phosphorylated L-plastin as a biomarker and/or therapeutic target will be evoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Schaffner-Reckinger
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Raquel A C Machado
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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10
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Damiani G, McCormick TS, Leal LO, Ghannoum MA. Recombinant human granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor expressed in yeast (sargramostim): A potential ally to combat serious infections. Clin Immunol 2020; 210:108292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.108292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Tan BK, Wang DY. Do NERDy eosinophils accelerate nasal polyp growth? Allergy 2019; 74:2291-2292. [PMID: 31067351 DOI: 10.1111/all.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce K. Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
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12
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Ma G, Gezer D, Herrmann O, Feldberg K, Schemionek M, Jawhar M, Reiter A, Brümmendorf TH, Koschmieder S, Chatain N. LCP1 triggers mTORC2/AKT activity and is pharmacologically targeted by enzastaurin in hypereosinophilia. Mol Carcinog 2019; 59:87-103. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.23131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Ma
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
- Hematology and Oncology Unit, Department of Geriatrics Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Deniz Gezer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Oliver Herrmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Kristina Feldberg
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Mirle Schemionek
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Mohamad Jawhar
- Department of Hematology and Oncology University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Andreas Reiter
- Department of Hematology and Oncology University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Tim H. Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Nicolas Chatain
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
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13
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Takabayashi T, Tanaka Y, Susuki D, Yoshida K, Tomita K, Sakashita M, Imoto Y, Kato Y, Narita N, Nakayama T, Haruna S, Schleimer RP, Fujieda S. Increased expression of L-plastin in nasal polyp of patients with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease. Allergy 2019; 74:1307-1316. [PMID: 30479022 DOI: 10.1111/all.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most patients with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) suffer from recurrence of nasal polyps. However, little is known about the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of nasal polyp development in patients with NERD in particular, especially at baseline when cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitors are not present. The objectives of this study were to identify proteins involved in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps in patients with NERD. METHODS We collected nasal polyp tissue from patients with NERD and from patients with aspirin-tolerant chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Protein profiles were analyzed by 2-dimensional electrophoresis and identified several proteins, including L-plastin, as highly expressed. We examined L-plastin and tissue factor (TF) expression by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses. To examine the role of L-plastin in eosinophils, we knocked down L-plastin expression in Eol-1 cells by using siRNA transfection. RESULTS L-plastin protein levels in nasal polyp tissue were increased in patients with NERD relative to those in patients with aspirin tolerant CRSwNP. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that L-plastin was dominantly expressed in eosinophils and L-plastin and TF were co-expressed in eosinophils in NERD nasal polyp tissue. Knockdown of L-plastin in Eol-1 cells disrupted the cell surface distribution of TF by stimulation with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. CONCLUSION Increased expression of L-plastin by eosinophils may contribute to abnormal fibrin deposition through TF translocation to the eosinophil cell surface in NERD nasal polyp tissue, which in turn may contribute to the pathogenesis of NERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuji Takabayashi
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine University of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Yukie Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry University of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Dai Susuki
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine University of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Kanako Yoshida
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine University of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Kaori Tomita
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine University of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Masafumi Sakashita
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine University of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Imoto
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine University of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Yukinori Kato
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine University of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Norihiko Narita
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine University of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Tsugihisa Nakayama
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Dokkyo Medical University Shimotsuga‐gun Japan
| | - Shinichi Haruna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Dokkyo Medical University Shimotsuga‐gun Japan
| | - Robert P. Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology Department of Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois
| | - Shigeharu Fujieda
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine University of Fukui Fukui Japan
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14
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Schofield JPR, Burg D, Nicholas B, Strazzeri F, Brandsma J, Staykova D, Folisi C, Bansal AT, Xian Y, Guo Y, Rowe A, Corfield J, Wilson S, Ward J, Lutter R, Shaw DE, Bakke PS, Caruso M, Dahlen SE, Fowler SJ, Horváth I, Howarth P, Krug N, Montuschi P, Sanak M, Sandström T, Sun K, Pandis I, Riley J, Auffray C, De Meulder B, Lefaudeux D, Sousa AR, Adcock IM, Chung KF, Sterk PJ, Skipp PJ, Djukanović R. Stratification of asthma phenotypes by airway proteomic signatures. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:70-82. [PMID: 30928653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stratification by eosinophil and neutrophil counts increases our understanding of asthma and helps target therapy, but there is room for improvement in our accuracy in prediction of treatment responses and a need for better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify molecular subphenotypes of asthma defined by proteomic signatures for improved stratification. METHODS Unbiased label-free quantitative mass spectrometry and topological data analysis were used to analyze the proteomes of sputum supernatants from 246 participants (206 asthmatic patients) as a novel means of asthma stratification. Microarray analysis of sputum cells provided transcriptomics data additionally to inform on underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Analysis of the sputum proteome resulted in 10 clusters (ie, proteotypes) based on similarity in proteomic features, representing discrete molecular subphenotypes of asthma. Overlaying granulocyte counts onto the 10 clusters as metadata further defined 3 of these as highly eosinophilic, 3 as highly neutrophilic, and 2 as highly atopic with relatively low granulocytic inflammation. For each of these 3 phenotypes, logistic regression analysis identified candidate protein biomarkers, and matched transcriptomic data pointed to differentially activated underlying mechanisms. CONCLUSION This study provides further stratification of asthma currently classified based on quantification of granulocytic inflammation and provided additional insight into their underlying mechanisms, which could become targets for novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P R Schofield
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Burg
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Nicholas
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Strazzeri
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Joost Brandsma
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Doroteya Staykova
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Caterina Folisi
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yang Xian
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yike Guo
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Rowe
- Janssen Research & Development, High Wycombe, United Kingdom
| | | | - Susan Wilson
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Ward
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Rene Lutter
- AMC, Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dominick E Shaw
- Respiratory Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Per S Bakke
- Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Massimo Caruso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Hospital University, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sven-Erik Dahlen
- Centre for Allergy Research, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen J Fowler
- Respiratory and Allergy Research Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ildikó Horváth
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Howarth
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Krug
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Paolo Montuschi
- Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Marek Sanak
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Clinical Genetics, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Thomas Sandström
- Department of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine Respiratory Medicine Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kai Sun
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Pandis
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Riley
- Respiratory Therapeutic Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Auffray
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL-INSERM, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bertrand De Meulder
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL-INSERM, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Diane Lefaudeux
- European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, CNRS-ENS-UCBL-INSERM, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ana R Sousa
- Respiratory Therapeutic Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Sterk
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Skipp
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ratko Djukanović
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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15
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Cao Y, Xu S, Kong W, Cai H, Xu Y. Identification and validation of differentially expressed proteins in serum of CSU patients with different duration of wheals using an iTRAQ labeling, 2D-LC-MS/MS. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4527-4536. [PMID: 30542401 PMCID: PMC6257644 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is one of the most common types of chronic urticaria (CU), with symptoms that recur easily, migrate and are refractory. It is unclear whether association between the differentiation of protein expression levels in the serum of CSU patients and the different duration of wheals exists. In the present study the samples were divided according to the duration of the wheals into group A (wheal duration <2 h) and group B (wheal duration 12–24 h). Differentially expressed proteins in sera of CSU patients with different durations of wheals were identified and validated with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) in combination with two-dimensional liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS). Three hundred and seventy CSU serum-related proteins were initially identified. Among these proteins, ~30 had significant differences between the groups. According to the classification of biological functions and upregulated/downregulated values, serum amyloid A (SAA), CFL1, TPM4 and monocyte differentiation antigen (CD14) were chosen and validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of CD14 in sera were not significantly different among the groups. SAA, CFL1 and TPM4 were associated with the wheal duration in CSU patients and therefore could be considered as new potential inflammatory biomarkers associated with CSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201299, P.R. China
| | - Shunming Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201299, P.R. China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Dermatology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201299, P.R. China
| | - Haibin Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201299, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai 201299, P.R. China
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16
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Si M, Goodluck H, Zeng C, Pan S, Todd EM, Morley SC, Qin X, Mohan S, Xing W. LRRK1 regulation of actin assembly in osteoclasts involves serine 5 phosphorylation of L-plastin. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:10351-10357. [PMID: 30136304 PMCID: PMC6218268 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mice with disruption of Lrrk1 and patients with nonfunctional mutant Lrrk1 exhibit severe osteopetrosis phenotypes because of osteoclast cytoskeletal dysfunction. To understand how Lrrk1 regulates osteoclast function by modulating cytoskeleton rearrangement, we examined the proteins that are differentially phosphorylated in wild‐type mice and Lrrk1‐deficient osteoclasts by metal affinity purification coupled liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analyses. One of the candidates that we identified by LC/MS is L‐plastin, an actin bundling protein. We found that phosphorylation of L‐plastin at serine (Ser) residues 5 was present in wild‐type osteoclasts but not in Lrrk1‐deficient cells. Western blot analyses with antibodies specific for Ser5 phosphorylated L‐plastin confirmed the reduced L‐plastin Ser5 phosphorylation in Lrrk1 knockout (KO) osteoclasts. micro computed tomography (Micro‐CT) analyses revealed that the trabecular bone volume of the distal femur was increased by 27% in the 16 to 21‐week‐old L‐plastin KO females as compared with the wild‐type control mice. The ratio of bone volume to tissue volume and connectivity density were increased by 44% and 47% (both P < 0.05), respectively, in L‐plastin KO mice. Our data suggest that targeted disruption of L‐plastin increases trabecular bone volume, and phosphorylation of Ser5 in L‐plastin in the Lrrk1 signaling pathway may in part contribute to actin assembly in mature osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjue Si
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Helen Goodluck
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California
| | - Canjun Zeng
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California.,Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songqin Pan
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Elizabeth M Todd
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sharon Celeste Morley
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Xuezhong Qin
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California.,Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California.,Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California
| | - Weirong Xing
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California.,Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California.,Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Diagnostic Potential of Systemic Eosinophil-Associated Cytokines and Growth Factors in IBD. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2018; 2018:7265812. [PMID: 30147719 PMCID: PMC6083643 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7265812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the acknowledged contribution of eosinophils to the disease pathogenesis, available data on cytokines closely related to the peripheral eosinophils in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are scattered. We assessed the concentrations of eosinophil-associated cytokines and growth factors in the group of 277 individuals (101 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 77 with ulcerative colitis (UC), 16 with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and 83 healthy controls) and referred to IBD activity and the levels of hsCRP. As compared to IBS patients or healthy controls, patients with CD had significantly higher levels of IL5, IL8, IL12(p70), GM-CSF, and TNFα and patients with UC, the levels of eotaxin, IL4, IL5, IL8, IL12(p70), IL13, GM-CSF, and TNFα were also higher. As compared to CD patients, patients with UC had significantly higher levels of eotaxin, IL4, IL5, IL8, and IL1. In turn, the concentrations of hsCRP were significantly higher in CD than UC. Except for IL13, all cytokines and hsCRP positively correlated with CDAI. In UC, a positive correlation with MDAI was observed for hsCRP, GM-CSF, IL12(p70), and IFNγ and a negative one for IL8. The concentrations of hsCRP, GM-CSF, IFNγ, IL12(p70), and RANTES were higher in UC patients with active than inactive disease whereas those of IL8 and TNFα were significantly lower. Eotaxin, determined individually or in a panel with IFNγ and hsCRP, showed fair accuracy in differentiating CD from UC. If confirmed on a larger representation of IBS patients, IL8 might support differential diagnosis of organic and functional conditions of the bowel. GM-CSF, in turn, demonstrated to be an excellent indicator of bowel inflammation and may be taken into consideration as a noninvasive marker of mucosal healing. In summary, eosinophil-associated cytokines are elevated in IBD, more pronouncedly in UC, and may support the differential diagnosis of IBD and aid in monitoring of mucosal healing.
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18
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Mosher DF, Wilkerson EM, Turton KB, Hebert AS, Coon JJ. Proteomics of Eosinophil Activation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:159. [PMID: 29034237 PMCID: PMC5626809 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently identified and quantified >7,000 proteins in non-activated human peripheral blood eosinophils using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and described phosphoproteomic changes that accompany acute activation of eosinophils by interleukin-5 (IL5) (1). These data comprise a treasure trove of information about eosinophils. We illustrate the power of label-free LC-MS/MS quantification by considering four examples: complexity of eosinophil STATs, contribution of immunoproteasome subunits to eosinophil proteasomes, complement of integrin subunits, and contribution of platelet proteins originating from platelet-eosinophil complexes to the overall proteome. We describe how isobaric labeling enables robust sample-to-sample comparisons and relate the 220 phosphosites that changed significantly upon treatment with IL5 to previous studies of eosinophil activation. Finally, we review previous attempts to leverage the power of mass spectrometry to discern differences between eosinophils of healthy subjects and those with eosinophil-associated conditions and point out features of label-free quantification and isobaric labeling that are important in planning future mass spectrometric studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deane F Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Emily M Wilkerson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Keren B Turton
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Alexander S Hebert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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19
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Soman KV, Stafford SJ, Pazdrak K, Wu Z, Luo X, White WI, Wiktorowicz JE, Calhoun WJ, Kurosky A. Activation of Human Peripheral Blood Eosinophils by Cytokines in a Comparative Time-Course Proteomic/Phosphoproteomic Study. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2663-2679. [PMID: 28679203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Activated eosinophils contribute to airway dysfunction and tissue remodeling in asthma and thus are considered to be important factors in asthma pathology. We report here comparative proteomic and phosphoproteomic changes upon activation of eosinophils using eight cytokines individually and in selected cytokine combinations in time-course reactions. Differential protein and phosphoprotein expressions were determined by mass spectrometry after 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE) and by LC-MS/MS. We found that each cytokine-stimulation produced significantly different changes in the eosinophil proteome and phosphoproteome, with phosphoproteomic changes being more pronounced and having an earlier onset. Furthermore, we observed that IL-5, GM-CSF, and IL-3 showed the greatest change in protein expression and phosphorylation, and this expression differed markedly from those of the other five cytokines evaluated. Comprehensive univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed to evaluate the comparative results. We also monitored eosinophil activation using flow cytometry (FC) analysis of CD69. In agreement with our proteomic studies, FC indicated that IL-5, GM-CSF, and IL-3 were more effective than the other five cytokines studied in stimulating a cell surface CD69 increase indicative of eosinophil activation. Moreover, selected combinations of cytokines revealed proteomic patterns with many proteins in common with single cytokine expression patterns but also showed a greater effect of the two cytokines employed, indicating a more complex signaling pathway that was reflective of a more typical inflammatory pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kizhake V Soman
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States.,Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Susan J Stafford
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Konrad Pazdrak
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States.,Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States.,Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Xuemei Luo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Wendy I White
- MedImmune LLC , One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - John E Wiktorowicz
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States.,Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States.,Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States.,Institute for Human Immunity & Infection, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - William J Calhoun
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Alexander Kurosky
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States.,Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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20
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Noh JY, Shin JU, Park CO, Lee N, Jin S, Kim SH, Kim JH, Min A, Shin MH, Lee KH. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin regulates eosinophil migration via phosphorylation ofl-plastin in atopic dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:880-886. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Noh
- Department of Dermatology; Severance Hospital; Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Jung U Shin
- Department of Dermatology; Severance Hospital; Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Chang Ook Park
- Department of Dermatology; Severance Hospital; Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Nara Lee
- Department of Dermatology; Severance Hospital; Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Shan Jin
- Department of Dermatology; Severance Hospital; Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Seo Hyeong Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Severance Hospital; Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Severance Hospital; Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Arim Min
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Institute of Tropical Medicine; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Myeong Heon Shin
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Institute of Tropical Medicine; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Kwang Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology; Severance Hospital; Cutaneous Biology Research Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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21
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Pazdrak K, Straub C, Maroto R, Stafford S, White WI, Calhoun WJ, Kurosky A. Cytokine-Induced Glucocorticoid Resistance from Eosinophil Activation: Protein Phosphatase 5 Modulation of Glucocorticoid Receptor Phosphorylation and Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3782-3791. [PMID: 27742828 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms contributing to persistent eosinophil activation and poor eosinopenic response to glucocorticoids in severe asthma are poorly defined. We examined the effect of cytokines typically overexpressed in the asthmatic airways on glucocorticoid signaling in in vitro activated eosinophils. An annexin V assay used to measure eosinophil apoptosis showed that cytokine combinations of IL-2 plus IL-4 as well as TNF-α plus IFN-γ, or IL-3, GM-CSF, and IL-5 alone significantly diminished the proapoptotic response to dexamethasone. We found that IL-2 plus IL-4 resulted in impaired phosphorylation and function of the nuclear glucocorticoid receptor (GCR). Proteomic analysis of steroid sensitive and resistant eosinophils identified several differentially expressed proteins, namely protein phosphatase 5 (PP5), formyl peptide receptor 2, and annexin 1. Furthermore, increased phosphatase activity of PP5 correlated with impaired phosphorylation of the GCR. Importantly, suppression of PP5 expression with small interfering RNA restored proper phosphorylation and the proapoptotic function of the GCR. We also examined the effect of lipoxin A4 on PP5 activation by IL-2 plus IL-4. Similar to PP5 small interfering RNA inhibition, pretreatment of eosinophils with lipoxin A4 restored GCR phosphorylation and the proaptoptotic function of GCs. Taken together, our results showed 1) a critical role for PP5 in cytokine-induced resistance to GC-mediated eosinophil death, 2) supported the dependence of GCR phosphorylation on PP5 activity, and 3) revealed that PP5 is a target of the lipoxin A4-induced pathway countering cytokine-induced resistance to GCs in eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Pazdrak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.,National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Proteomics Center Program in Airway Inflammation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Christof Straub
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Rosario Maroto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.,National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Proteomics Center Program in Airway Inflammation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Susan Stafford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.,National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Proteomics Center Program in Airway Inflammation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | | | - William J Calhoun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.,National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Proteomics Center Program in Airway Inflammation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Alexander Kurosky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; .,National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Proteomics Center Program in Airway Inflammation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
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22
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Wilkerson EM, Johansson MW, Hebert AS, Westphall MS, Mathur SK, Jarjour NN, Schwantes EA, Mosher DF, Coon JJ. The Peripheral Blood Eosinophil Proteome. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1524-33. [PMID: 27005946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A system-wide understanding of biological processes requires a comprehensive knowledge of the proteins in the biological system. The eosinophil is a type of granulocytic leukocyte specified early in hematopoietic differentiation that participates in barrier defense, innate immunity, and allergic disease. The proteome of the eosinophil is largely unannotated with under 500 proteins identified. We now report a map of the nonstimulated peripheral blood eosinophil proteome assembled using two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Our analysis yielded 100,892 unique peptides mapping to 7,086 protein groups representing 6,813 genes as well as 4,802 site-specific phosphorylation events. We account for the contribution of platelets that routinely contaminate purified eosinophils and report the variability in the eosinophil proteome among five individuals and proteomic changes accompanying acute activation of eosinophils by interleukin-5. Our deep coverage and quantitative analyses fill an important gap in the existing maps of the human proteome and will enable the strategic use of proteomics to study eosinophils in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander S Hebert
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin , 425 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Michael S Westphall
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin , 425 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sameer K Mathur
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Schwantes
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Deane F Mosher
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin , 425 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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23
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Molfino NA, Kuna P, Leff JA, Oh CK, Singh D, Chernow M, Sutton B, Yarranton G. Phase 2, randomised placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an anti-GM-CSF antibody (KB003) in patients with inadequately controlled asthma. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e007709. [PMID: 26739717 PMCID: PMC4716197 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We wished to evaluate the effects of an antigranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor monoclonal antibody (KB003) on forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), asthma control and asthma exacerbations in adult asthmatics inadequately controlled by long-acting bronchodilators and inhaled/oral corticosteroids. SETTINGS 47 ambulatory asthma care centres globally. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Change in FEV1 at week 24. PARTICIPANTS 311 were screened, 160 were randomised and 129 completed the study. INTERVENTIONS 7 intravenous infusions of either 400 mg KB003 or placebo at baseline and weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES FEV1 at week 24, asthma control, exacerbation rates and safety in all participants as well as prespecified subgroups. MAIN RESULTS In the KB003 treated group, FEV1 at week 24 improved to 118 mL compared with 54 mL in the placebo group (p=0.224). However, FEV1 improved to 253 vs 26 mL at week 24 (p=0.02) in eosinophilic asthmatics (defined as >300 peripheral blood eosinophils/mL at baseline) and comparable improvements were seen at weeks 20 (p=0.034) and 24 (p=0.077) in patients with FEV1 reversibility ≥ 20% at baseline and at weeks 4 (p=0.029), 16 (p=0.018) and 20 (p=0.006) in patients with prebronchodilator FEV1 ≤ 50% predicted at baseline. There were no effects on asthma control or exacerbation rates. The most frequent adverse events in the KB003 group were rhinosinusitis and headache. There was no significant difference in antidrug antibody response between placebo and treated groups. There were no excess infections or changes in biomarkers known to be associated with the development of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. CONCLUSIONS Higher doses and/or further asthma phenotyping may be required in future studies with KB003. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01603277; Results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Kuna
- Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Chad K Oh
- Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, Mahwah, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dave Singh
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, University of Manchester, University Hospital of South Manchester Foundations Trust, Manchester, UK
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24
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Lommel MJ, Trairatphisan P, Gäbler K, Laurini C, Muller A, Kaoma T, Vallar L, Sauter T, Schaffner-Reckinger E. L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation in breast cancer cells and in vitro is mediated by RSK downstream of the ERK/MAPK pathway. FASEB J 2015; 30:1218-33. [PMID: 26631483 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-276311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated cell migration and invasion are hallmarks of metastatic cancer cells. Phosphorylation on residue Ser5 of the actin-bundling protein L-plastin activates L-plastin and has been reported to be crucial for invasion and metastasis. Here, we investigate signal transduction leading to L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation using 4 human breast cancer cell lines. Whole-genome microarray analysis comparing cell lines with different invasive capacities and corresponding variations in L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation level revealed that genes of the ERK/MAPK pathway are differentially expressed. It is noteworthy that in vitro kinase assays showed that ERK/MAPK pathway downstream ribosomal protein S6 kinases α-1 (RSK1) and α-3 (RSK2) are able to directly phosphorylate L-plastin on Ser5. Small interfering RNA- or short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown and activation/inhibition studies followed by immunoblot analysis and computational modeling confirmed that ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) is an essential activator of L-plastin. Migration and invasion assays showed that RSK knockdown led to a decrease of up to 30% of migration and invasion of MDA-MB-435S cells. Although the presence of L-plastin was not necessary for migration/invasion of these cells, immunofluorescence assays illustrated RSK-dependent recruitment of Ser5-phosphorylated L-plastin to migratory structures. Altogether, we provide evidence that the ERK/MAPK pathway is involved in L-plastin Ser5 phosphorylation in breast cancer cells with RSK1 and RSK2 kinases able to directly phosphorylate L-plastin residue Ser5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiti J Lommel
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Panuwat Trairatphisan
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Karoline Gäbler
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Christina Laurini
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Arnaud Muller
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Kaoma
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Laurent Vallar
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Sauter
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Elisabeth Schaffner-Reckinger
- *Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity and Systems Biology Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; and Genomics Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
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25
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Griseri T, Arnold IC, Pearson C, Krausgruber T, Schiering C, Franchini F, Schulthess J, McKenzie BS, Crocker PR, Powrie F. Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Activated Eosinophils Promote Interleukin-23 Driven Chronic Colitis. Immunity 2015. [PMID: 26200014 PMCID: PMC4518500 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of intestinal eosinophils in immune homeostasis is enigmatic and the molecular signals that drive them from protective to tissue damaging are unknown. Most commonly associated with Th2 cell-mediated diseases, we describe a role for eosinophils as crucial effectors of the interleukin-23 (IL-23)-granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) axis in colitis. Chronic intestinal inflammation was characterized by increased bone marrow eosinopoiesis and accumulation of activated intestinal eosinophils. IL-5 blockade or eosinophil depletion ameliorated colitis, implicating eosinophils in disease pathogenesis. GM-CSF was a potent activator of eosinophil effector functions and intestinal accumulation, and GM-CSF blockade inhibited chronic colitis. By contrast neutrophil accumulation was GM-CSF independent and dispensable for colitis. In addition to TNF secretion, release of eosinophil peroxidase promoted colitis identifying direct tissue-toxic mechanisms. Thus, eosinophils are key perpetrators of chronic inflammation and tissue damage in IL-23-mediated immune diseases and it suggests the GM-CSF-eosinophil axis as an attractive therapeutic target. GM-CSF synergizes with IL-5 to exacerbate eosinopoiesis during chronic colitis GM-CSF-activated eosinophils promote IL-23 driven colitis Depletion of eosinophils, but not of neutrophils, dampens colitis GM-CSF increases eosinophil production of inflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-13
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Griseri
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Isabelle C Arnold
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Claire Pearson
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Thomas Krausgruber
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Chris Schiering
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Fanny Franchini
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Julie Schulthess
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Brent S McKenzie
- CSL Ltd. Research Department, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul R Crocker
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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26
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Bhattacharya P, Thiruppathi M, Elshabrawy HA, Alharshawi K, Kumar P, Prabhakar BS. GM-CSF: An immune modulatory cytokine that can suppress autoimmunity. Cytokine 2015; 75:261-71. [PMID: 26113402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
GM-CSF was originally identified as a colony stimulating factor (CSF) because of its ability to induce granulocyte and macrophage populations from precursor cells. Multiple studies have demonstrated that GM-CSF is also an immune-modulatory cytokine, capable of affecting not only the phenotype of myeloid lineage cells, but also T-cell activation through various myeloid intermediaries. This property has been implicated in the sustenance of several autoimmune diseases like arthritis and multiple sclerosis. In contrast, several studies using animal models have shown that GM-CSF is also capable of suppressing many autoimmune diseases such as Crohn's disease, Type-1 diabetes, Myasthenia gravis and experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. Knockout mouse studies have suggested that the role of GM-CSF in maintaining granulocyte and macrophage populations in the physiological steady state is largely redundant. Instead, its immune-modulatory role plays a significant role in the development or resolution of autoimmune diseases. This is mediated either through the differentiation of precursor cells into specialized non-steady state granulocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells, or through the modulation of the phenotype of mature myeloid cells. Thus, outside of myelopoiesis, GM-CSF has a profound role in regulating the immune response and maintaining immunological tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palash Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Muthusamy Thiruppathi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hatem A Elshabrawy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Khaled Alharshawi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Prabhakaran Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Bellur S Prabhakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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27
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Sohn SH, Lee JM, Park S, Yoo H, Kang JW, Shin D, Jung KH, Lee YS, Cho J, Bae H. The inflammasome accelerates radiation-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:917-926. [PMID: 25805627 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although lung inflammation and fibrosis are well-documented dose-limiting side effects of lung irradiation, the mechanisms underlying these pathologies are unknown. An improved mechanistic understanding of radiation-induced pneumonitis is a prerequisite for the development of more effective radiotherapy; this was the rationale for the current study. Mouse lungs were focally irradiated with 75 Gy. The numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, and total cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were counted, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were measured. Histological analysis and immunohistochemical staining for Tgf-β1 and Cd68 (a macrophage-specific protein) was also performed. After irradiation, mice developed pneumonitis, and exhibited higher numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, macrophages, and total cells compared to controls. In addition, inflammasome (Nlrp3, and caspase 1, Il1a, and Il1β), adhesion molecule (Vcam1), and cytokine (Il6) genes were significantly upregulated in the IR group. Cd68 and Tgfb1 proteins were significantly increased after irradiation. Upregulation of Cd68 and Tgfb1 correlates with the onset of radiation-induced pneumonitis and fibrosis. In addition, radiation-induced pneumonitis and fibrosis are accompanied by upregulation of phenotypic markers of inflammasome activity. Our findings have implications for the onset and exacerbation of damage in normal lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hwa Sohn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soojin Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Yoo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Wook Kang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dasom Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
| | - Jaeho Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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28
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Spencer LA, Bonjour K, Melo RCN, Weller PF. Eosinophil secretion of granule-derived cytokines. Front Immunol 2014; 5:496. [PMID: 25386174 PMCID: PMC4209865 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are tissue-dwelling leukocytes, present in the thymus, and gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts of healthy individuals at baseline, and recruited, often in large numbers, to allergic inflammatory foci and sites of active tissue repair. The biological significance of eosinophils is vast and varied. In health, eosinophils support uterine and mammary gland development, and maintain bone marrow plasma cells and adipose tissue alternatively activated macrophages, while in response to tissue insult eosinophils function as inflammatory effector cells, and, in the wake of an inflammatory response, promote tissue regeneration, and wound healing. One common mechanism driving many of the diverse eosinophil functions is the regulated and differential secretion of a vast array of eosinophil-derived cytokines. Eosinophils are distinguished from most other leukocytes in that many, if not all, of the over three dozen eosinophil-derived cytokines are pre-synthesized and stored within intracellular granules, poised for very rapid, stimulus-induced secretion. Eosinophils engaged in cytokine secretion in situ utilize distinct pathways of cytokine release that include classical exocytosis, whereby granules themselves fuse with the plasma membrane and release their entire contents extracellularly; piecemeal degranulation, whereby granule-derived cytokines are selectively mobilized into vesicles that emerge from granules, traverse the cytoplasm and fuse with the plasma membrane to release discrete packets of cytokines; and eosinophil cytolysis, whereby intact granules are extruded from eosinophils, and deposited within tissues. In this latter scenario, extracellular granules can themselves function as stimulus-responsive secretory-competent organelles within the tissue. Here, we review the distinctive processes of differential secretion of eosinophil granule-derived cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Spencer
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Kennedy Bonjour
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF) , Juiz de Fora , Brazil
| | - Rossana C N Melo
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF) , Juiz de Fora , Brazil
| | - Peter F Weller
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
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29
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Riplinger SM, Wabnitz GH, Kirchgessner H, Jahraus B, Lasitschka F, Schulte B, van der Pluijm G, van der Horst G, Hämmerling GJ, Nakchbandi I, Samstag Y. Metastasis of prostate cancer and melanoma cells in a preclinical in vivo mouse model is enhanced by L-plastin expression and phosphorylation. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:10. [PMID: 24438191 PMCID: PMC3899628 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cell migration and metastasis require dynamic rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton. Interestingly, the F-actin cross-linking and stabilizing protein L-plastin, originally described as a leukocyte specific protein, is aberrantly expressed in several non-hematopoietic malignant tumors. Therefore, it has been discussed as a tumor marker. However, systematic in vivo analyses of the functional relevance of L-plastin for tumor cell metastasis were so far lacking. METHODS We investigated the relevance of L-plastin expression and phosphorylation by ectopical expression of L-plastin in human melanoma cells (MV3) and knock-down of endogenous L-plastin in prostate cancer (PC3M). The growth and metastatic potential of tumor cells expressing no L-plastin, phosphorylatable or non-phosphorylatable L-plastin was analyzed in a preclinical mouse model after subcutaneous and intracardial injection of the tumor cells. RESULTS Knock-down of endogenous L-plastin in human prostate carcinoma cells led to reduced tumor cell growth and metastasis. Vice versa, and in line with these findings, ectopic expression of L-plastin in L-plastin negative melanoma cells significantly increased the number of metastases. Strikingly, the metastasis promoting effect of L-plastin was not observed if a non-phosphorylatable L-plastin mutant was expressed. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide the first in vivo evidence that expression of L-plastin promotes tumor metastasis and, importantly, that this effect depends on an additionally required phosphorylation of L-plastin. In conclusion, these findings imply that for determining the importance of tumor-associated proteins like L-plastin a characterization of posttranslational modifications is indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yvonne Samstag
- Institute for Immunology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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30
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Abstract
Tight regulation of actin dynamics is essential for T-cell trafficking and activation. Recent studies in human and murine T cells reveal that T-cell motility and full T-cell activation require the hematopoietic-specific, actin-bundling protein L-plastin (LPL). T cells lacking LPL do not form fully mature synapses and thus demonstrate reduced cytokine production and proliferation. Reduction or loss of LPL expression also reduces the velocity of T cells and impairs thymic egress and intranodal motility. Whereas dispensable for proximal T-cell receptor and chemokine receptor signaling, LPL is critical to the later stages of synapse maturation and cellular polarization. Serine phosphorylation, calcium, and calmodulin binding regulate the bundling activity and localization of LPL following T-cell receptor and chemokine receptor engagement. However, the interaction between these regulatory domains and resulting changes in local control of actin cytoskeletal structures has not been fully elucidated. Circumstantial evidence suggests a function for LPL in either the formation or maintenance of integrin-associated adhesion structures. As LPL may be a target of the commonly used immunosuppressive agent dexamethasone, full elucidation of the regulation and function of LPL in T-cell biology may illuminate new pathways for clinically useful immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Celeste Morley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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31
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Zong NC, Li H, Li H, Lam MPY, Jimenez RC, Kim CS, Deng N, Kim AK, Choi JH, Zelaya I, Liem D, Meyer D, Odeberg J, Fang C, Lu HJ, Xu T, Weiss J, Duan H, Uhlen M, Yates JR, Apweiler R, Ge J, Hermjakob H, Ping P. Integration of cardiac proteome biology and medicine by a specialized knowledgebase. Circ Res 2013; 113:1043-53. [PMID: 23965338 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.301151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Omics sciences enable a systems-level perspective in characterizing cardiovascular biology. Integration of diverse proteomics data via a computational strategy will catalyze the assembly of contextualized knowledge, foster discoveries through multidisciplinary investigations, and minimize unnecessary redundancy in research efforts. OBJECTIVE The goal of this project is to develop a consolidated cardiac proteome knowledgebase with novel bioinformatics pipeline and Web portals, thereby serving as a new resource to advance cardiovascular biology and medicine. METHODS AND RESULTS We created Cardiac Organellar Protein Atlas Knowledgebase (COPaKB; www.HeartProteome.org), a centralized platform of high-quality cardiac proteomic data, bioinformatics tools, and relevant cardiovascular phenotypes. Currently, COPaKB features 8 organellar modules, comprising 4203 LC-MS/MS experiments from human, mouse, drosophila, and Caenorhabditis elegans, as well as expression images of 10,924 proteins in human myocardium. In addition, the Java-coded bioinformatics tools provided by COPaKB enable cardiovascular investigators in all disciplines to retrieve and analyze pertinent organellar protein properties of interest. CONCLUSIONS COPaKB provides an innovative and interactive resource that connects research interests with the new biological discoveries in protein sciences. With an array of intuitive tools in this unified Web server, nonproteomics investigators can conveniently collaborate with proteomics specialists to dissect the molecular signatures of cardiovascular phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobel C Zong
- From the NHLBI Proteomics Center at UCLA/NHLBI Proteomics Program
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32
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Ma Z, Sun W. The effect of aerosol polyethylenimine/interferon-γ plasmid complexes on expression of inflammatory cytokines in mouse lung. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2013; 27:117-24. [PMID: 23789706 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2012.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue plays an important role in immune function of the lung. In this study, we tested whether aerosol delivery of the gene of interferon-γ (IFNγ) could affect inflammatory cytokine expression in mouse lung. METHODS Murine IFNγ-expressing plasmids (pcDNA-IFNγ) complexed with polyethylenimine (PEI) (PEI/pcDNA-IFNγ) were constructed, and their transfection efficiency was assessed in vivo using real-time quantitative RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After aerosol administration of the plasmid complexes and confirmation of the IFNγ plasmid location in lung tissue, we measured mRNA levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on days 1 to 7 in mouse lung tissues using real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS IFNγ mRNA expression in mouse lung was significantly increased 24 hr after a single aerosol administration of PEI/pcDNA-IFNγ and gradually decreased over the next 5 days, whereas the mRNA expressions of IL-1, IL-6, and GM-CSF were markedly decreased, but not those of IL-10 and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS PEI/IFNγ gene therapy delivered by aerosol has immune-regulating potential by suppressing lung cytokine mRNA expression, and therefore may alleviate lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command , Shenyang, 110016, China
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Squebola-Cola DM, Mello GC, Pissinatti L, Schenka AA, Anhê GF, DeSouza IA, Condino-Neto A, Antunes E. Airway exposure to staphylococcal enterotoxin A potentiates allergen-induced bone marrow eosinophilia and trafficking to peripheral blood and airways. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 304:L639-45. [PMID: 23475769 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00025.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) eosinopoiesis is a common feature during allergen exposure in atopic individuals. Airway exposure to staphylococcal superantigens aggravates allergic airway disease and increases the output of BM eosinophils. However, the exact mechanisms regulating eosinophil mobilization and trafficking to the peripheral circulation and airways remain to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanisms determining the BM eosinopoiesis in allergic mice under exposure to staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA). Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized male BALB/C mice were intranasally exposed to SEA (1 μg), and at 4, 12, 24, and 48 h later animals were challenged with OVA (10 μg, twice a day). Measurement of IL-5, eotaxin, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) levels, flow cytometry for CCR3(+), VLA4(+), and CCR3(+)VLA4(+), as well as adhesion assays to VCAM-1 were performed in BM. Prior airway exposure to SEA time dependently increased the BM eosinophil number in OVA-challenged mice. Eosinophils gradually disappear from peripheral blood, being recruited over time to the airways, where they achieve a maximal infiltration at 24 h. SEA exposure increased the levels of IL-5 and eotaxin (but not GM-CSF) in BM of OVA-challenged mice. Marked increases in CCR3(+) and CCR3(+)VLA4(+) expressions in BM eosinophils of OVA-challenged mice were observed, an effect largely reduced by prior exposure to SEA. Adhesion of BM eosinophils to VCAM-1 was increased in OVA-challenged mice, but prior SEA exposure abrogated this enhanced cell adhesion. Accumulation of BM eosinophils by airway SEA exposure takes place through IL-5- and CCR3-dependent mechanisms, along with downregulation of CCR3/VL4 and impaired cell adhesion to VCAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalize M Squebola-Cola
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Melo RCN, Liu L, Xenakis JJ, Spencer LA. Eosinophil-derived cytokines in health and disease: unraveling novel mechanisms of selective secretion. Allergy 2013; 68:274-84. [PMID: 23347072 DOI: 10.1111/all.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, our understanding of eosinophils has evolved from that of categorically destructive effector cells to include active participation in immune modulation, tissue repair processes, and normal organ development, in both health and disease. At the core of their newly appreciated functions is the capacity of eosinophils to synthesize, store within intracellular granules, and very rapidly secrete a highly diverse repertoire of cytokines. Mechanisms governing the selective secretion of preformed cytokines from eosinophils are attractive therapeutic targets and may well be more broadly applicable to other immune cells. Here, we discuss recent advances in deciphering pathways of cytokine secretion, both from intact eosinophils and from tissue-deposited cell-free eosinophil granules, extruded from eosinophils undergoing a lytic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. Liu
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation; Department of Medicine; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston; MA; USA
| | - J. J. Xenakis
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation; Department of Medicine; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston; MA; USA
| | - L. A. Spencer
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation; Department of Medicine; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston; MA; USA
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De Clercq S, Zwaenepoel O, Martens E, Vandekerckhove J, Guillabert A, Gettemans J. Nanobody-induced perturbation of LFA-1/L-plastin phosphorylation impairs MTOC docking, immune synapse formation and T cell activation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:909-22. [PMID: 23001012 PMCID: PMC11113607 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The T cell integrin receptor LFA-1 orchestrates adhesion between T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), resulting in formation of a contact zone known as the immune synapse (IS) which is supported by the cytoskeleton. L-plastin is a leukocyte-specific actin bundling protein that rapidly redistributes to the immune synapse following T cell-APC engagement. We used single domain antibodies (nanobodies, derived from camelid heavy-chain only antibodies) directed against functional and structural modules of L-plastin to investigate its contribution to formation of an immune synapse between Raji cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or Jurkat T cells. Nanobodies that interact either with the EF hands or the actin binding domains of L-plastin both trapped L-plastin in an inactive conformation, causing perturbation of IS formation, MTOC docking towards the plasma membrane, T cell proliferation and IL-2 secretion. Both nanobodies delayed Ser(5) phosphorylation of L-plastin which is required for enhanced bundling activity. Moreover, one nanobody delayed LFA-1 phosphorylation, reduced the association between LFA-1 and L-plastin and prevented LFA-1 enrichment at the IS. Our findings reveal subtle mechanistic details that are difficult to attain by conventional means and show that L-plastin contributes to immune synapse formation at distinct echelons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah De Clercq
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Zwaenepoel
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Martens
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joël Vandekerckhove
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aude Guillabert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Gettemans
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Freeley M, O'Dowd F, Paul T, Kashanin D, Davies A, Kelleher D, Long A. L-plastin regulates polarization and migration in chemokine-stimulated human T lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:6357-70. [PMID: 22581862 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines such as SDF-1α play a crucial role in orchestrating T lymphocyte polarity and migration via polymerization and reorganization of the F-actin cytoskeleton, but the role of actin-associated proteins in this process is not well characterized. In this study, we have investigated a role for L-plastin, a leukocyte-specific F-actin-bundling protein, in SDF-1α-stimulated human T lymphocyte polarization and migration. We found that L-plastin colocalized with F-actin at the leading edge of SDF-1α-stimulated T lymphocytes and was also phosphorylated at Ser(5), a site that when phosphorylated regulates the ability of L-plastin to bundle F-actin. L-plastin phosphorylation was sensitive to pharmacological inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC), and several PKC isoforms colocalized with L-plastin at the leading edge of SDF-1α-stimulated lymphocytes. However, PKC ζ, an established regulator of cell polarity, was the only isoform that regulated L-plastin phosphorylation. Knockdown of L-plastin expression with small interfering RNAs demonstrated that this protein regulated the localization of F-actin at the leading edge of chemokine-stimulated cells and was also required for polarization, lamellipodia formation, and chemotaxis. Knockdown of L-plastin expression also impaired the Rac1 activation cycle and Akt phosphorylation in response to SDF-1α stimulation. Furthermore, L-plastin also regulated SDF-1α-mediated lymphocyte migration on the integrin ligand ICAM-1 by influencing velocity and persistence, but in a manner that was independent of LFA-1 integrin activation or adhesion. This study, therefore, demonstrates an important role for L-plastin and the signaling pathways that regulate its phosphorylation in response to chemokines and adds L-plastin to a growing list of proteins implicated in T lymphocyte polarity and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Freeley
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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BONNEAUD CAMILLE, BALENGER SUSANL, ZHANG JIANGWEN, EDWARDS SCOTTV, HILL GEOFFREYE. Innate immunity and the evolution of resistance to an emerging infectious disease in a wild bird. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:2628-39. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05551.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Plastin family of actin-bundling proteins: its functions in leukocytes, neurons, intestines, and cancer. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:213492. [PMID: 22262972 PMCID: PMC3259490 DOI: 10.1155/2012/213492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sophisticated regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by a variety of actin-binding proteins is essential for eukaryotic cells to perform their diverse functions. The plastin (also know, as fimbrin) protein family belongs to actin-bundling proteins, and the protein family is evolutionarily conserved and expressed in yeast, plant, and animal cells. Plastins are characterized by EF-hand Ca2+-binding domains and actin-binding domains and can cross-link actin filaments into higher-order assemblies like bundles. Three isoforms have been identified in mammals. T-plastin is expressed in cells from solid tissues, such as neurons in the brain. I-plastin expression is restricted to intestine and kidney; the isoform plays a vital role in the function of absorptive epithelia in these organs. L-plastin is expressed in hematopoietic cell lineages and in many types of cancer cells; the isoform is thus considered to be a useful biomarker for cancer.
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The actin-bundling protein L-plastin: a critical regulator of immune cell function. Int J Cell Biol 2011; 2012:935173. [PMID: 22194750 PMCID: PMC3238366 DOI: 10.1155/2012/935173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
L-plastin is a leukocyte-specific protein that cross-links actin filaments into tight bundles, increasing the stability of actin-based structures such as podosomes and lamellipodia. While first identified as an abundant cytoplasmic protein in hematopoietically derived cells over 25 years ago, the requirement for L-plastin in multiple functions critical for immunity, such as antigen receptor signaling, adhesion, and motility, has only recently become clear. L-plastin has been identified as an important component in cellular processes critical for neutrophil, macrophage, osteoclast, eosinophil, and T- and B-lymphocyte biology. Following a brief description of the structure and function of L-plastin, the regulation of immune cell functions by L-plastin will be reviewed in detail.
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