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Zhu JJ, Stenfeldt C, Bishop EA, Canter JA, Eschbaumer M, Rodriguez LL, Arzt J. Inferred Causal Mechanisms of Persistent FMDV Infection in Cattle from Differential Gene Expression in the Nasopharyngeal Mucosa. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080822. [PMID: 35894045 PMCID: PMC9329776 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can persistently infect pharyngeal epithelia in ruminants but not in pigs. Our previous studies demonstrated that persistent FMDV infection in cattle was associated with under-expression of several chemokines that recruit immune cells. This report focuses on the analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEG) identified during the transitional phase of infection, defined as the period when animals diverge between becoming carriers or terminators. During this phase, Th17-stimulating cytokines (IL6 and IL23A) and Th17-recruiting chemokines (CCL14 and CCL20) were upregulated in animals that were still infected (transitional carriers) compared to those that had recently cleared infection (terminators), whereas chemokines recruiting neutrophils and CD8+ T effector cells (CCL3 and ELR+CXCLs) were downregulated. Upregulated Th17-specific receptor, CCR6, and Th17-associated genes, CD146, MIR155, and ThPOK, suggested increased Th17 cell activity in transitional carriers. However, a complex interplay of the Th17 regulatory axis was indicated by non-significant upregulation of IL17A and downregulation of IL17F, two hallmarks of TH17 activity. Other DEG suggested that transitional carriers had upregulated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), non-canonical NFκB signaling, and downregulated canonical NFκB signaling. The results described herein provide novel insights into the mechanisms of establishment of FMDV persistence. Additionally, the fact that ruminants, unlike pigs, produce a large amount of AHR ligands suggests a plausible explanation of why FMDV persists in ruminants, but not in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Zhu
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (C.S.); (E.A.B.); (J.A.C.); (L.L.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.Z.); (J.A.); Tel.: +1-631-323-3340 (J.J.Z.); +1-631-323-4421 (J.A.); Fax: +1-631-323-3006 (J.A.)
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (C.S.); (E.A.B.); (J.A.C.); (L.L.R.)
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Bishop
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (C.S.); (E.A.B.); (J.A.C.); (L.L.R.)
| | - Jessica A. Canter
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (C.S.); (E.A.B.); (J.A.C.); (L.L.R.)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Michael Eschbaumer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany;
| | - Luis L. Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (C.S.); (E.A.B.); (J.A.C.); (L.L.R.)
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Orient, NY 11957, USA; (C.S.); (E.A.B.); (J.A.C.); (L.L.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.Z.); (J.A.); Tel.: +1-631-323-3340 (J.J.Z.); +1-631-323-4421 (J.A.); Fax: +1-631-323-3006 (J.A.)
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2
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van Niekerk G, van der Merwe M, Engelbrecht AM. Diabetes and susceptibility to infections: Implication for COVID-19. Immunology 2021; 164:467-475. [PMID: 34115881 PMCID: PMC8446942 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the well‐established link between diabetic status and an increased susceptibility to infection. Notably, diabetes has been shown to be one of the strongest factors influencing healthcare outcome in COVID‐19 infections. Though it has long been noted that lymphocytes upregulate insulin receptors following immune activation, until recently, this observation has received little attention. Here, we point out key findings implicating dysregulated insulin signalling in immune cells as a possible contributing factor in the immune pathology associated with diabetes. Mechanistically, insulin, by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, regulates various aspects of both myeloid cells and lymphocytes, such as cell survival, metabolic reprogramming and the polarization and differentiation of immune cells. PI3K signalling is also supressed by immune checkpoint proteins, suggesting that insulin signalling may antagonize peripheral tolerance. Remarkably, it has also recently been shown that, following insulin binding, the insulin receptor translocates to the nucleus where it plays a key role in regulating the transcription of various immune‐related genes, including pathways involved in viral infections. Taken together, these observations suggest that dysregulated insulin signalling may directly contribute to a defective immune response during COVID‐19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav van Niekerk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Michelle van der Merwe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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3
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Cheema PS, Nandi D, Nag A. Exploring the therapeutic potential of forkhead box O for outfoxing COVID-19. Open Biol 2021; 11:210069. [PMID: 34102081 PMCID: PMC8187014 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked unprecedented societal havoc worldwide. The infected individuals may present mild to severe symptoms, with nearly 20% of the confirmed patients impaired with significant complications, including multi-organ failure. Acute respiratory distress imposed by SARS-CoV-2 largely results from an aggravated cytokine storm and deregulated immune response. The forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors are reported to play a significant role in maintaining normal cell physiology by regulating survival, apoptosis, oxidative stress, development and maturation of T and B lymphocytes, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, etc. We propose a potent anti-inflammatory approach based on activation of the FoxO as an attractive strategy against the novel coronavirus. This regime will be focused on restoring redox and inflammatory homeostasis along with repair of the damaged tissue, activation of lymphocyte effector and memory cells. Repurposing FoxO activators as a means to alleviate the inflammatory burst following SARS-CoV-2 infection can prove immensely valuable in the ongoing pandemic and provide a reliable groundwork for enriching our repertoire of antiviral modalities for any such complication in the future. Altogether, our review highlights the possible efficacy of FoxO activation as a novel arsenal for clinical management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Singh Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, South Campus, Biotech Building, 2nd Floor, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Deeptashree Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, South Campus, Biotech Building, 2nd Floor, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Alo Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, South Campus, Biotech Building, 2nd Floor, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India
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4
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Limoges MA, Cloutier M, Nandi M, Ilangumaran S, Ramanathan S. The GIMAP Family Proteins: An Incomplete Puzzle. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679739. [PMID: 34135906 PMCID: PMC8201404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Overview: Long-term survival of T lymphocytes in quiescent state is essential to maintain their cell numbers in secondary lymphoid organs and in peripheral circulation. In the BioBreeding diabetes-prone strain of rats (BB-DP), loss of functional GIMAP5 (GTPase of the immune associated nucleotide binding protein 5) results in profound peripheral T lymphopenia. This discovery heralded the identification of a new family of proteins initially called Immune-associated nucleotide binding protein (IAN) family. In this review we will use ‘GIMAP’ to refer to this family of proteins. Recent studies suggest that GIMAP proteins may interact with each other and also be involved in the movement of the cellular cargo along the cytoskeletal network. Here we will summarize the current knowledge on the characteristics and functions of GIMAP family of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Limoges
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Maryse Cloutier
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Madhuparna Nandi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke and CRCHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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ElTanbouly MA, Zhao Y, Nowak E, Li J, Schaafsma E, Le Mercier I, Ceeraz S, Lines JL, Peng C, Carriere C, Huang X, Day M, Koehn B, Lee SW, Silva Morales M, Hogquist KA, Jameson SC, Mueller D, Rothstein J, Blazar BR, Cheng C, Noelle RJ. VISTA is a checkpoint regulator for naïve T cell quiescence and peripheral tolerance. Science 2020; 367:eaay0524. [PMID: 31949051 PMCID: PMC7391053 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Negative checkpoint regulators (NCRs) temper the T cell immune response to self-antigens and limit the development of autoimmunity. Unlike all other NCRs that are expressed on activated T lymphocytes, V-type immunoglobulin domain-containing suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is expressed on naïve T cells. We report an unexpected heterogeneity within the naïve T cell compartment in mice, where loss of VISTA disrupted the major quiescent naïve T cell subset and enhanced self-reactivity. Agonistic VISTA engagement increased T cell tolerance by promoting antigen-induced peripheral T cell deletion. Although a critical player in naïve T cell homeostasis, the ability of VISTA to restrain naïve T cell responses was lost under inflammatory conditions. VISTA is therefore a distinctive NCR of naïve T cells that is critical for steady-state maintenance of quiescence and peripheral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A ElTanbouly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Yanding Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Elizabeth Nowak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | - Evelien Schaafsma
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Sabrina Ceeraz
- Immunology Discovery, Janssen Research and Development LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - J Louise Lines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Changwei Peng
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- The Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Xin Huang
- ImmuNext Corporation, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Maria Day
- ImmuNext Corporation, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Brent Koehn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sam W Lee
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Milagros Silva Morales
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kristin A Hogquist
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- The Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephen C Jameson
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- The Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Mueller
- Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- The Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Randolph J Noelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
- ImmuNext Corporation, Lebanon, NH, USA
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6
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Patterson AR, Bolcas P, Lampe K, Cantrell R, Ruff B, Lewkowich I, Hogan SP, Janssen EM, Bleesing J, Khurana Hershey GK, Hoebe K. Loss of GTPase of immunity-associated protein 5 (Gimap5) promotes pathogenic CD4 + T-cell development and allergic airway disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:245-257.e6. [PMID: 30616774 PMCID: PMC6327968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GTPase of immunity-associated protein 5 (GIMAP5) is essential for lymphocyte homeostasis and survival. Recently, human GIMAP5 single nucleotide polymorphisms have been linked to an increased risk for asthma, whereas loss of Gimap5 in mice has been associated with severe CD4+ T cell-driven immune pathology. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which Gimap5 deficiency predisposes to allergic airway disease. METHODS CD4+ T-cell polarization and development of pathogenic CD4+ T cells were assessed in Gimap5-deficient mice and a human patient with a GIMAP5 loss-of-function (LOF) mutation. House dust mite-induced airway inflammation was assessed by using a complete Gimap5 LOF (Gimap5sph/sph) and conditional Gimap5fl/flCd4Cre/ert2 mice. RESULTS GIMAP5 LOF mutations in both mice and human subjects are associated with spontaneous polarization toward pathogenic TH17 and TH2 cells in vivo. Mechanistic studies in vitro reveal that impairment of Gimap5-deficient TH cell differentiation is associated with increased DNA damage, particularly during TH1-polarizing conditions. DNA damage in Gimap5-deficient CD4+ T cells could be controlled by TGF-β, thereby promoting TH17 polarization. When challenged with house dust mite in vivo, Gimap5-deficient mice displayed an exacerbated asthma phenotype (inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness), with increased development of TH2, TH17, and pathogenic TH17/TH2 cells. CONCLUSION Activation of Gimap5-deficient CD4+ T cells is associated with increased DNA damage and reduced survival that can be overcome by TGF-β. This leads to selective survival of pathogenic TH17 cells but also TH2 cells in human subjects and mice, ultimately promoting allergic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Patterson
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio; Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Paige Bolcas
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio; Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kristin Lampe
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rachel Cantrell
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio; Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Brandy Ruff
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ian Lewkowich
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Simon P Hogan
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Edith M Janssen
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jack Bleesing
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kasper Hoebe
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Patterson AR, Endale M, Lampe K, Aksoylar HI, Flagg A, Woodgett JR, Hildeman D, Jordan MB, Singh H, Kucuk Z, Bleesing J, Hoebe K. Gimap5-dependent inactivation of GSK3β is required for CD4 + T cell homeostasis and prevention of immune pathology. Nat Commun 2018; 9:430. [PMID: 29382851 PMCID: PMC5789891 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02897-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
GTPase of immunity-associated protein 5 (Gimap5) is linked with lymphocyte survival, autoimmunity, and colitis, but its mechanisms of action are unclear. Here, we show that Gimap5 is essential for the inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) following T cell activation. In the absence of Gimap5, constitutive GSK3β activity constrains c-Myc induction and NFATc1 nuclear import, thereby limiting productive CD4+ T cell proliferation. Additionally, Gimap5 facilitates Ser389 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of GSK3β, thereby limiting DNA damage in CD4+ T cells. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition and genetic targeting of GSK3β can override Gimap5 deficiency in CD4+ T cells and ameliorates immunopathology in mice. Finally, we show that a human patient with a GIMAP5 loss-of-function mutation has lymphopenia and impaired T cell proliferation in vitro that can be rescued with GSK3 inhibitors. Given that the expression of Gimap5 is lymphocyte-restricted, we propose that its control of GSK3β is an important checkpoint in lymphocyte proliferation. Loss of function GIMAP5 mutation is associated with lymphopenia, but how it mediates T cell homeostasis is unclear. Here the authors study Gimap5−/− mice and a patient with GIMAP5 deficiency to show how this GTPAse negatively regulates GSK3β activity to prevent DNA damage and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Patterson
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way # E251n, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Mehari Endale
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Kristin Lampe
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Halil I Aksoylar
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Aron Flagg
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplant, Cleveland Clinic Children's, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jim R Woodgett
- The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - David Hildeman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way # E251n, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Michael B Jordan
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way # E251n, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Harinder Singh
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way # E251n, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Zeynep Kucuk
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jack Bleesing
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Kasper Hoebe
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA. .,Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way # E251n, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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8
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Serrano D, Ghobadi F, Boulay G, Ilangumaran S, Lavoie C, Ramanathan S. GTPase of the Immune-Associated Nucleotide Protein 5 Regulates the Lysosomal Calcium Compartment in T Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2017; 8:94. [PMID: 28223986 PMCID: PMC5293772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes from Gimap5lyp/lyp rats carrying a recessive mutation in the GTPase of immune-associated protein 5 (Gimap5) gene undergo spontaneous apoptosis. Molecular mechanisms underlying this survival defect are not yet clear. We have shown that Gimap5lyp/lyp T lymphocytes display reduced calcium influx following T cell antigen receptor (TCR) stimulation that was associated with impaired buffering of calcium by mitochondria. Here, we investigated the subcellular localization of GIMAP5 and its influence on Ca2+ response in HEK293T cells and T lymphocytes. The more abundantly expressed GIMAP5v2 localizes to the lysosome and certain endosomal vesicles. Gimap5lyp/lyp T lymphocytes showed increased accumulation of calcium in the lysosomes as evidenced by Gly-Phe β-naphthylamide (GPN) triggered Ca2+ release. As a corollary, GPN-induced Ca2+ flux was decreased in HEK293T cells expressing GIMAP5v2. Strikingly, TCR stimulation of rat, mouse, and human T lymphocytes increased lysosomal calcium content. Overall, our findings show that lysosomes modulate cellular Ca2+ response during T cell activation and that GIMAP5 regulates the lysosomal Ca2+ compartment in T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Serrano
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, QC , Canada
| | - Farnaz Ghobadi
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, QC , Canada
| | - Guylain Boulay
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche clinique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche clinique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Lavoie
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche clinique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche clinique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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9
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Datta P, Webb LMC, Avdo I, Pascall J, Butcher GW. Survival of mature T cells in the periphery is intrinsically dependent on GIMAP1 in mice. Eur J Immunol 2016; 47:84-93. [PMID: 27792288 PMCID: PMC5244661 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An effective immune system depends upon the survival of mature T cells in the periphery. Members of the GIMAP family of GTPases have been proposed to regulate this homeostasis, supported by the paucity of peripheral T cells in rodents deficient for either GIMAP1 or GIMAP5. It is unclear whether this lack of T cells is a consequence of an ontological defect, causing the thymus to generate and export T cells incapable of surviving in the periphery, or whether (alternatively or additionally) mature T cells intrinsically require GIMAP1 for survival. Using the ERT2 Cre+ transgene, we conditionally deleted Gimap1 in C57BL/6 mice and demonstrate that GIMAP1 is intrinsically required for the survival of mature T cells in the periphery. We show that, in contrast to GIMAP5, this requirement is independent of the T-cells' activation status. We investigated the nature of the survival defect in GIMAP1-deficient CD4+ T cells and show that the death occurring after GIMAP1 ablation is accompanied by mitochondrial depolarization and activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. This study shows that GIMAP1 is critical for maintaining the peripheral T-cell pool in mice and offers a potent target for the treatment of T-cell-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeta Datta
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Louise M C Webb
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Inxhina Avdo
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Pascall
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey W Butcher
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are idiopathic chronic relapsing disorders of the gastrointestinal tract of unknown origin, characterized by heterogeneity and a multifactorial nature of their pathogenesis. Despite the recent improved options for treatment, patients with IBD still have an impaired quality of life, and require hospitalization and surgery. This review examines the contribution of animal models to the understanding and treatment of IBD. RECENT FINDINGS During the last decades, a large number of experimental models of intestinal inflammation have been developed. These models have proved to be helpful tools for obtaining new insights in the pathogenesis of the disease and for the preclinical evaluation of new therapies. However, even with the development of many new animal models in recent years, there are still limitations in the study of IBD because of lack of suitable animal models to cover all the requirements of basic research and preclinical studies. SUMMARY There is a need for a better interpretation of the data we obtain from the study of IBD animal models, in order to better understand the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms and improve the quality of the preclinical studies, and to develop more appropriate models to cover the research requirements.
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11
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Chen XL, Serrano D, Ghobadi F, Mayhue M, Hoebe K, Ilangumaran S, Ramanathan S. TCR and IL-7 Signaling Are Altered in the Absence of Functional GTPase of the Immune Associated Nucleotide Binding Protein 5 (GIMAP5). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151837. [PMID: 27023180 PMCID: PMC4811415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
GTPase of the immune associated nucleotide binding protein (GIMAP) family of proteins are expressed essentially in cells of the hematopoietic system. Mutation in the founding member of this gene family, Gimap5, results in the lymphopenic phenotype in Bio-Breeding diabetes prone rats. In mice, deletion of functional Gimap5 gene affects the survival and renewal of hematopoietic stem cells in addition to the defects observed in T cells. Here we show that T cells from OTII TCR-transgenic Gimap5sph/sph mice do not proliferate in response to its cognate antigen. Furthermore, T cells from Gimap5 mutant rats and mice show decreased phosphorylation of STAT5 following stimulation with IL-7. Our results suggest that functional Gimap5 is required for optimal signaling through TCR and IL-7R in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Lin Chen
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Serrano
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Farnaz Ghobadi
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Marian Mayhue
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Kasper Hoebe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, United States of America
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche clinique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche clinique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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12
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Fischer HJ, Witte AK, Walter L, Gröne HJ, van den Brandt J, Reichardt HM. Distinct roles of T-cell lymphopenia and the microbial flora for gastrointestinal and CNS autoimmunity. FASEB J 2016; 30:1724-32. [PMID: 26740263 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-277384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
T-cell lymphopenia is a major risk factor for autoimmunity. Here we describe congenic Lewis (LEW) rats with a loss-of-function mutation in the Gimap5 gene, leading to a 92% reduction in peripheral T-cell numbers. Gimap5-deficient LEW rats developed eosinophilic autoimmune gastroenteritis accompanied by a 40-fold increase in IgE serum levels. This phenotype was ameliorated by antibiotic treatment, indicating a critical role of the microbial flora in the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Interestingly, Gimap5-deficient LEW rats showed strongly aggravated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) after immunization with guinea pig myelin basic protein. This phenotype, however, persisted after antibiosis, confirming that the enhanced CNS autoimmune response in T-cell lymphopenic Gimap5-deficient LEW rats was unrelated to the composition of the microbial flora. Rather, it seems that it was caused by the 7-fold increase in the percentage of activated T cells producing IL-17 and IFN-γ, and the skewed T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, both of which were the result of T-cell lymphopenia and not affected by antibiosis. This notion was supported by the observation that adoptive T-cell transfer corrected the TCR repertoire and improved EAE. Collectively, our findings confirm a critical albeit differential role of T-cell lymphopenia in the susceptibility to organ-specific autoimmune responses.-Fischer, H. J., Witte, A.-K., Walter, L., Gröne, H.-J., van den Brandt, J., Reichardt, H. M. Distinct roles of T-cell lymphopenia and the microbial flora for gastrointestinal and CNS autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike J Fischer
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Witte
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Walter
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany; and
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Department of Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens van den Brandt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger M Reichardt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany;
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13
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Webb LMC, Datta P, Bell SE, Kitamura D, Turner M, Butcher GW. GIMAP1 Is Essential for the Survival of Naive and Activated B Cells In Vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:207-16. [PMID: 26621859 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An effective immune system depends upon regulation of lymphocyte function and homeostasis. In recent years, members of the GTPases of the immunity associated protein (GIMAP) family were proposed to regulate T cell homeostasis. In contrast, little is known about their function and mode of action in B cells. We used a combination of transgenic mice and in vivo and in vitro techniques to conditionally and electively ablate GIMAP1 in resting and activated peripheral B cells. Our data suggest that GIMAP1 is absolutely essential for the survival of peripheral B cells, irrespective of their activation state. Together with recent data showing increased expression of GIMAP1 in B cell lymphomas, our work points to the possible potential of GIMAP1 as a target for manipulation in a variety of B cell-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M C Webb
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Preeta Datta
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sarah E Bell
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Daisuke Kitamura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Martin Turner
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Geoffrey W Butcher
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom; and
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14
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Chen XL, Serrano D, Mayhue M, Hoebe K, Ilangumaran S, Ramanathan S. GIMAP5 Deficiency Is Associated with Increased AKT Activity in T Lymphocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139019. [PMID: 26440416 PMCID: PMC4595448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term survival of T lymphocytes in quiescent state is essential to maintain their cell numbers in secondary lymphoid organs. In mice and in rats, the loss of functional GTPase of the immune associated nucleotide binding protein 5 (GIMAP5) causes peripheral T lymphopenia due to spontaneous death of T cells. The underlying mechanism responsible for the disruption of quiescence in Gimap5 deficient T cells remains largely unknown. In this study, we show that loss of functional Gimap5 results in increased basal activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), independent of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) or AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Our results suggest that the constitutive activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway may be one of the consequences of the absence of functional GIMAP5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Lin Chen
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Serrano
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Marian Mayhue
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Kasper Hoebe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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15
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Heinonen MT, Laine AP, Söderhäll C, Gruzieva O, Rautio S, Melén E, Pershagen G, Lähdesmäki HJ, Knip M, Ilonen J, Henttinen TA, Kere J, Lahesmaa R. GIMAP GTPase family genes: potential modifiers in autoimmune diabetes, asthma, and allergy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:5885-94. [PMID: 25964488 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
GTPase of the immunity-associated protein (GIMAP) family members are differentially regulated during human Th cell differentiation and have been previously connected to immune-mediated disorders in animal studies. GIMAP4 is believed to contribute to the Th cell subtype-driven immunological balance via its role in T cell survival. GIMAP5 has a key role in BB-DR rat and NOD mouse lymphopenia. To elucidate GIMAP4 and GIMAP5 function and role in human immunity, we conducted a study combining genetic association in different immunological diseases and complementing functional analyses. Single nucleotide polymorphisms tagging the GIMAP haplotype variation were genotyped in Finnish type 1 diabetes (T1D) families and in a prospective Swedish asthma and allergic sensitization birth cohort. Initially, GIMAP5 rs6965571 was associated with risk for asthma and allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR] 3.74, p = 0.00072, and OR 2.70, p = 0.0063, respectively) and protection from T1D (OR 0.64, p = 0.0058); GIMAP4 rs13222905 was associated with asthma (OR 1.28, p = 0.035) and allergic sensitization (OR 1.27, p = 0.0068). However, after false discovery rate correction for multiple testing, only the associations of GIMAP4 with allergic sensitization and GIMAP5 with asthma remained significant. In addition, transcription factor binding sites surrounding the associated loci were predicted. A gene-gene interaction in the T1D data were observed between the IL2RA rs2104286 and GIMAP4 rs9640279 (OR 1.52, p = 0.0064) and indicated between INS rs689 and GIMAP5 rs2286899. The follow-up functional analyses revealed lower IL-2RA expression upon GIMAP4 knockdown and an effect of GIMAP5 rs2286899 genotype on protein expression. Thus, the potential role of GIMAP4 and GIMAP5 as modifiers of immune-mediated diseases cannot be discarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirkka T Heinonen
- Turku Centre of Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku Finland
| | - Antti-Pekka Laine
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Department of Bioscience and Nutrition and Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olena Gruzieva
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sini Rautio
- Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Erik Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, 171 76 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harri J Lähdesmäki
- Turku Centre of Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Knip
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, 33521 Tampere, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Institute, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; and
| | | | - Juha Kere
- Department of Bioscience and Nutrition and Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Centre of Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland;
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16
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Central role of gimap5 in maintaining peripheral tolerance and T cell homeostasis in the gut. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:436017. [PMID: 25944983 PMCID: PMC4405212 DOI: 10.1155/2015/436017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis is often precipitated by an abnormal immune response to microbiota due to host genetic aberrancies. Recent studies highlight the importance of the host genome and microflora interactions in the pathogenesis of mucosal inflammation including IBD. Specifically, genome-wide (GWAS) and also next-generation sequencing (NGS)—including whole exome or genome sequencing—have uncovered a large number of susceptibility loci that predispose to autoimmune diseases and/or the two phenotypes of IBD. In addition, the generation of “IBD-prone” animal models using both reverse and forward genetic approaches has not only helped confirm the identification of susceptibility loci but also shed critical insight into the underlying molecular and cellular pathways that drive colitis development. In this review, we summarize recent findings derived from studies involving a novel early-onset model of colitis as it develops in GTPase of immunity-associated protein 5- (Gimap5-) deficient mice. In humans, GIMAP5 has been associated with autoimmune diseases although its function is poorly defined. Here, we discuss how defects in Gimap5 function impair immunological tolerance and lymphocyte survival and ultimately drive the development of CD4+ T cell-mediated early-onset colitis.
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17
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Rojewska E, Korostynski M, Przewlocki R, Przewlocka B, Mika J. Expression profiling of genes modulated by minocycline in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Mol Pain 2014; 10:47. [PMID: 25038616 PMCID: PMC4131481 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-10-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain are constantly being studied to create new opportunities to prevent or alleviate neuropathic pain. The aim of our study was to determine the gene expression changes induced by sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) that are modulated by minocycline, which can effectively diminish neuropathic pain in animal studies. The genes associated with minocycline efficacy in neuropathic pain should provide insight into the etiology of neuropathic pain and identify novel therapeutic targets. Results We screened the ipsilateral dorsal part of the lumbar spinal cord of the rat CCI model for differentially expressed genes. Out of 22,500 studied transcripts, the abundance levels of 93 transcripts were altered following sciatic nerve ligation. Percentage analysis revealed that 54 transcripts were not affected by the repeated administration of minocycline (30 mg/kg, i.p.), but the levels of 39 transcripts were modulated following minocycline treatment. We then selected two gene expression patterns, B1 and B2. The first transcription pattern, B1, consisted of 10 mRNA transcripts that increased in abundance after injury, and minocycline treatment reversed or inhibited the effect of the injury; the B2 transcription pattern consisted of 7 mRNA transcripts whose abundance decreased following sciatic nerve ligation, and minocycline treatment reversed the effect of the injury. Based on the literature, we selected seven genes for further analysis: Cd40, Clec7a, Apobec3b, Slc7a7, and Fam22f from pattern B1 and Rwdd3 and Gimap5 from pattern B2. Additionally, these genes were analyzed using quantitative PCR to determine the transcriptional changes strongly related to the development of neuropathic pain; the ipsilateral DRGs (L4-L6) were also collected and analyzed in these rats using qPCR. Conclusion In this work, we confirmed gene expression alterations previously identified by microarray analysis in the spinal cord and analyzed the expression of selected genes in the DRG. Moreover, we reviewed the literature to illustrate the relevance of these findings for neuropathic pain development and therapy. Further studies are needed to elucidate the roles of the individual genes in neuropathic pain and to determine the therapeutic role of minocycline in the rat neuropathic pain model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland.
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18
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Ciucci T, Bosselut R. Gimap and T cells: a matter of life or death. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:348-51. [PMID: 24510500 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
GTPase immune-associated proteins (Gimap) genes encode evolutionarily conserved GTP-binding proteins that are preferentially expressed in immune cells. Specific members have been shown to be involved in lymphocyte development, or are associated with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, the function of these proteins remains poorly understood, both at the cellular and molecular levels. A new study in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology [Eur. J. Immunol. 2014. 44: 561-572] points to the distinct but partly overlapping functions of two members of this family, Gimap3 and Gimap5, and offers new insight into their potential functions in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ciucci
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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Abstract
The liver is the largest organ in the body and is generally regarded by nonimmunologists as having little or no lymphoid function. However, such is far from accurate. This review highlights the importance of the liver as a lymphoid organ. Firstly, we discuss experimental data surrounding the role of liver as a lymphoid organ. The liver facilitates tolerance rather than immunoreactivity, which protects the host from antigenic overload of dietary components and drugs derived from the gut and it is instrumental to fetal immune tolerance. Loss of liver tolerance leads to autoaggressive phenomena, which if not controlled by regulatory lymphoid populations, may lead to the induction of autoimmune liver diseases. Liver-related lymphoid subpopulations also act as critical antigen-presenting cells. The study of the immunological properties of liver and delineation of the microenvironment of the intrahepatic milieu in normal and diseased livers provides a platform to understand the hierarchy of a series of detrimental events that lead to immune-mediated destruction of the liver and the rejection of liver allografts. The majority of emphasis within this review will be on the normal mononuclear cell composition of the liver. However, within this context, we will discuss selected, but not all, immune-mediated liver disease and attempt to place these data in the context of human autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Institute of Liver Studies, Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, London, UK
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20
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Hang L, Blum AM, Setiawan T, Urban JP, Stoyanoff KM, Weinstock JV. Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri infection activates colonic Foxp3+ T cells enhancing their capacity to prevent colitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:1927-34. [PMID: 23851695 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Helminthic infections protect mice from colitis in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease and also may protect people. Helminths like Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri can induce regulatory T cells (Treg). Experiments explored whether H. polygyrus bakeri infection could protect mice from colitis through activation of colonic Treg and examined mechanisms of action. We showed that H. polygyrus bakeri infection increased the number of T cells expressing Foxp3 in the colon. More importantly, Foxp3(+)/IL-10(-) and Foxp3(+)/IL-10(+) T cell subsets isolated from the colon of H. polygyrus bakeri-infected mice prevented colitis when adoptively transferred into a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease, whereas Treg from uninfected mice could not provide protection. Only the transferred colonic Foxp3(+)/IL-10(-) T cells from H. polygyrus bakeri-infected mice readily accumulated in the colon and mesenteric lymph nodes of recipient mice, and they reconstituted the Foxp3(+)/IL-10(-) and Foxp3(+)/IL-10(+) T cell subsets. However, transferred Foxp3(+)/IL-10(+) T cells disappeared. IL-10 expression by Foxp3(+) T cells was necessary for colitis prevention. Thus, H. polygyrus bakeri infection activates colonic Foxp3(+) T cells, making them highly regulatory. The Foxp3(+) T cells that fail to express IL-10 may be critical for populating the colon with the Foxp3(+)/IL-10(+) T cells, which are required to control colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Hang
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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21
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Hedrick SM, Hess Michelini R, Doedens AL, Goldrath AW, Stone EL. FOXO transcription factors throughout T cell biology. Nat Rev Immunol 2012; 12:649-61. [PMID: 22918467 PMCID: PMC3875397 DOI: 10.1038/nri3278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The outcome of an infection with any given pathogen varies according to the dosage and route of infection, but, in addition, the physiological state of the host can determine the efficacy of clearance, the severity of infection and the extent of immunopathology. Here we propose that the forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factor family--which is central to the integration of growth factor signalling, oxidative stress and inflammation--provides connections between physical well-being and the form and magnitude of an immune response. We present a case that FOXO transcription factors guide T cell differentiation and function in a context-driven manner, and might provide a link between metabolism and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Hedrick
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0377, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Monogenic disorders leading to primary immunodeficiency have fascinated scientists and clinicians alike by their capacity to reveal the complexities of intracellular signaling pathways. Two articles in this issue of Blood by Abdollahpour et al and Nehme et al illustrate this point vividly, describing for the first time the clinical and immunologic phenotype associated with genetic mutations in STK4, manifested largely by a loss of T-cell naiveté.
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