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Vianou B, Royo J, Dechavanne S, Bertin GI, Yessoufou A, Houze S, Faucher JF, Aubouy A. Monocytes, particularly nonclassical ones, lose their opsonic and nonopsonic phagocytosis capacity during pediatric cerebral malaria. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1358853. [PMID: 38835780 PMCID: PMC11148436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1358853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Innate immunity is crucial to reducing parasite burden and contributing to survival in severe malaria. Monocytes are key actors in the innate response and, like macrophages, are plastic cells whose function and phenotype are regulated by the signals from the microenvironment. In the context of cerebral malaria (CM), monocyte response constitutes an important issue to understand. We previously demonstrated that decreased percentages of nonclassical monocytes were associated with death outcomes in CM children. In the current study, we postulated that monocyte phagocytosis function is impacted by the severity of malaria infection. Methods To study this hypothesis, we compared the opsonic and nonopsonic phagocytosis capacity of circulant monocytes from Beninese children with uncomplicated malaria (UM) and CM. For the CM group, samples were obtained at inclusion (D0) and 3 and 30 days after treatment (D3, D30). The phagocytosis capacity of monocytes and their subsets was characterized by flow cytometry and transcriptional profiling by studying genes known for their functional implication in infected-red blood cell (iRBC) elimination or immune escape. Results Our results confirm our hypothesis and highlight the higher capacity of nonclassical monocytes to phagocyte iRBC. We also confirm that a low number of nonclassical monocytes is associated with CM outcome when compared to UM, suggesting a mobilization of this subpopulation to the cerebral inflammatory site. Finally, our results suggest the implication of the inhibitory receptors LILRB1, LILRB2, and Tim3 in phagocytosis control. Discussion Taken together, these data provide a better understanding of the interplay between monocytes and malaria infection in the pathogenicity of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertin Vianou
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
- Clinical Research Institute of Benin (IRCB), Abomey Calavi, Benin
| | - Jade Royo
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Dechavanne
- UMR261 Mère et Enfant en Milieu tropical (MERIT), Université Paris Cité, IRD, Paris, France
| | - Gwladys I Bertin
- UMR261 Mère et Enfant en Milieu tropical (MERIT), Université Paris Cité, IRD, Paris, France
| | - Akadiri Yessoufou
- Cell Biology and Physiology Laboratory, Abomey Calavi University (UAC), Abomey Calavi, Benin
| | - Sandrine Houze
- UMR261 Mère et Enfant en Milieu tropical (MERIT), Université Paris Cité, IRD, Paris, France
- French Malaria Reference Center, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
- Parasitology Laboratory, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Bichat-Claude-Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Faucher
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Department, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1094 EpiMaCT, Inserm, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges University, Limoges, France
| | - Agnes Aubouy
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
- Clinical Research Institute of Benin (IRCB), Abomey Calavi, Benin
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2
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Romero DVL, Balendran T, Hasang W, Rogerson SJ, Aitken EH, Achuthan AA. Epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of cytokine production by Plasmodium falciparum-exposed monocytes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2949. [PMID: 38316918 PMCID: PMC10844200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53519-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum infection causes the most severe form of malaria, where excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines can drive the pathogenesis of the disease. Monocytes play key roles in host defense against malaria through cytokine production and phagocytosis; however, they are also implicated in pathogenesis through excessive proinflammatory cytokine production. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to inflammatory cytokine production in P. falciparum-exposed monocytes is key towards developing better treatments. Here, we provide molecular evidence that histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation is key for inflammatory cytokine production in P. falciparum-exposed monocytes. In an established in vitro system that mimics blood stage infection, elevated proinflammatory TNF and IL-6 cytokine production is correlated with increased mono- and tri-methylated H3K4 levels. Significantly, we demonstrate through utilizing a pharmacological inhibitor of H3K4 methylation that TNF and IL-6 expression can be suppressed in P. falciparum-exposed monocytes. This elucidated epigenetic regulatory mechanism, controlling inflammatory cytokine production, potentially provides new therapeutic options for future malaria treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David V L Romero
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, 1F Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Thivya Balendran
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, 1F Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Wina Hasang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, 1F Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth H Aitken
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrian A Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, 1F Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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3
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Dooley NL, Chabikwa TG, Pava Z, Loughland JR, Hamelink J, Berry K, Andrew D, Soon MSF, SheelaNair A, Piera KA, William T, Barber BE, Grigg MJ, Engwerda CR, Lopez JA, Anstey NM, Boyle MJ. Single cell transcriptomics shows that malaria promotes unique regulatory responses across multiple immune cell subsets. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7387. [PMID: 37968278 PMCID: PMC10651914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum malaria drives immunoregulatory responses across multiple cell subsets, which protects from immunopathogenesis, but also hampers the development of effective anti-parasitic immunity. Understanding malaria induced tolerogenic responses in specific cell subsets may inform development of strategies to boost protective immunity during drug treatment and vaccination. Here, we analyse the immune landscape with single cell RNA sequencing during P. falciparum malaria. We identify cell type specific responses in sub-clustered major immune cell types. Malaria is associated with an increase in immunosuppressive monocytes, alongside NK and γδ T cells which up-regulate tolerogenic markers. IL-10-producing Tr1 CD4 T cells and IL-10-producing regulatory B cells are also induced. Type I interferon responses are identified across all cell types, suggesting Type I interferon signalling may be linked to induction of immunoregulatory networks during malaria. These findings provide insights into cell-specific and shared immunoregulatory changes during malaria and provide a data resource for further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Dooley
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Zuleima Pava
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Julianne Hamelink
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kiana Berry
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dean Andrew
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Megan S F Soon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Arya SheelaNair
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kim A Piera
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Timothy William
- Infectious Diseases Society Kota Kinabalu Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Program, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bridget E Barber
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Society Kota Kinabalu Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Program, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Matthew J Grigg
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Society Kota Kinabalu Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Program, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - J Alejandro Lopez
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas M Anstey
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Society Kota Kinabalu Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Program, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Michelle J Boyle
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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4
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Vasquez M, Sica M, Namazzi R, Opoka RO, Sherman J, Datta D, Duran-Frigola M, Ssenkusu JM, John CC, Conroy AL, Rodriguez A. Xanthine oxidase levels and immune dysregulation are independently associated with anemia in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14720. [PMID: 37679382 PMCID: PMC10484935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41764-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe anemia is an important contributor to mortality in children with severe malaria. Anemia in malaria is a multi-factorial complication, since dyserythropoiesis, hemolysis and phagocytic clearance of uninfected red blood cells (RBCs) can contribute to this syndrome. High levels of oxidative stress and immune dysregulation have been proposed to contribute to severe malarial anemia, facilitating the clearance of uninfected RBCs. In a cohort of 552 Ugandan children with severe malaria, we measured the levels of xanthine oxidase (XO), an oxidative enzyme that is elevated in the plasma of malaria patients. The levels of XO in children with severe anemia were significantly higher compared to children with severe malaria not suffering from severe anemia. Levels of XO were inversely associated with RBC hemoglobin (ρ = - 0.25, p < 0.0001), indicating a relation between this enzyme and severe anemia. When compared with the levels of immune complexes and of autoimmune antibodies to phosphatidylserine, factors previously associated with severe anemia in malaria patients, we observed that XO is not associated with them, suggesting that XO is associated with severe anemia through an independent mechanism. XO was associated with prostration, acidosis, jaundice, respiratory distress, and kidney injury, which may reflect a broader relation of this enzyme with severe malaria pathology. Since inhibitors of XO are inexpensive and well-tolerated drugs already approved for use in humans, the validation of XO as a contributor to severe malarial anemia and other malaria complications may open new possibilities for much needed adjunctive therapy in malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Vasquez
- New York University School of Medicine, 430E 29th St, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Margaux Sica
- New York University School of Medicine, 430E 29th St, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ruth Namazzi
- Department of Paediatrics, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Global Health Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Robert O Opoka
- Department of Paediatrics, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Global Health Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Julian Sherman
- New York University School of Medicine, 430E 29th St, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Dibyadyuti Datta
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Center for Global Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | | | - John M Ssenkusu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Chandy C John
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Center for Global Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Andrea L Conroy
- Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Center for Global Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ana Rodriguez
- New York University School of Medicine, 430E 29th St, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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5
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Lorenzini PA, Gusareva ES, Ghosh AG, Ramli NAB, Preiser PR, Kim HL. Population-specific positive selection on low CR1 expression in malaria-endemic regions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280282. [PMID: 36626386 PMCID: PMC9831336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement Receptor Type 1 (CR1) is a malaria-associated gene that encodes a transmembrane receptor of erythrocytes and is crucial for malaria parasite invasion. The expression of CR1 contributes to the rosetting of erythrocytes in the brain bloodstream, causing cerebral malaria, the most severe form of the disease. Here, we study the history of adaptation against malaria by analyzing selection signals in the CR1 gene. We used whole-genome sequencing datasets of 907 healthy individuals from malaria-endemic and non-endemic populations. We detected robust positive selection in populations from the hyperendemic regions of East India and Papua New Guinea. Importantly, we identified a new adaptive variant, rs12034598, which is associated with a slower rate of erythrocyte sedimentation and is linked with a variant associated with low levels of CR1 expression. The combination of the variants likely drives natural selection. In addition, we identified a variant rs3886100 under positive selection in West Africans, which is also related to a low level of CR1 expression in the brain. Our study shows the fine-resolution history of positive selection in the CR1 gene and suggests a population-specific history of CR1 adaptation to malaria. Notably, our novel approach using population genomic analyses allows the identification of protective variants that reduce the risk of malaria infection without the need for patient samples or malaria individual medical records. Our findings contribute to understanding of human adaptation against cerebral malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Alberto Lorenzini
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- The GenomeAsia 100K Consortium, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elena S. Gusareva
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- The GenomeAsia 100K Consortium, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amit Gourav Ghosh
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- The GenomeAsia 100K Consortium, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nurul Adilah Binte Ramli
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- The GenomeAsia 100K Consortium, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter Rainer Preiser
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hie Lim Kim
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- The GenomeAsia 100K Consortium, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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6
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The impact of human complement on the clinical outcome of malaria infection. Mol Immunol 2022; 151:19-28. [PMID: 36063583 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The tropical disease malaria remains a major cause of global morbidity. Once transmitted to the human by a blood-feeding mosquito, the unicellular malaria parasite comes into contact with the complement system and continues to interact with human complement during its intraerythrocytic replication cycles. In the course of infection, both the classical and the alternative pathway of complement are activated, leading to parasite opsonization and lysis as well as the induction of complement-binding antibodies. While complement activity can be linked to the severity of malaria, it remains to date unclear, whether human complement is beneficial for protective immunity or if extensive complement reactions may rather enhance pathogenesis. In addition, the parasite has evolved molecular strategies to circumvent attack by human complement and has even developed means to utilize complement factors as mediators of host cell infection. In this review, we highlight current knowledge on the role of human complement for the progression of malaria infection. We discuss the various types of interactions between malaria parasites and complement factors with regard to immunity and infection outcome and set a special emphasis on the dual role of complement in the context of parasite fitness.
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7
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Georg P, Astaburuaga-García R, Bonaguro L, Brumhard S, Michalick L, Lippert LJ, Kostevc T, Gäbel C, Schneider M, Streitz M, Demichev V, Gemünd I, Barone M, Tober-Lau P, Helbig ET, Hillus D, Petrov L, Stein J, Dey HP, Paclik D, Iwert C, Mülleder M, Aulakh SK, Djudjaj S, Bülow RD, Mei HE, Schulz AR, Thiel A, Hippenstiel S, Saliba AE, Eils R, Lehmann I, Mall MA, Stricker S, Röhmel J, Corman VM, Beule D, Wyler E, Landthaler M, Obermayer B, von Stillfried S, Boor P, Demir M, Wesselmann H, Suttorp N, Uhrig A, Müller-Redetzky H, Nattermann J, Kuebler WM, Meisel C, Ralser M, Schultze JL, Aschenbrenner AC, Thibeault C, Kurth F, Sander LE, Blüthgen N, Sawitzki B. Complement activation induces excessive T cell cytotoxicity in severe COVID-19. Cell 2022; 185:493-512.e25. [PMID: 35032429 PMCID: PMC8712270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 is linked to both dysfunctional immune response and unrestrained immunopathology, and it remains unclear whether T cells contribute to disease pathology. Here, we combined single-cell transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics with mechanistic studies to assess pathogenic T cell functions and inducing signals. We identified highly activated CD16+ T cells with increased cytotoxic functions in severe COVID-19. CD16 expression enabled immune-complex-mediated, T cell receptor-independent degranulation and cytotoxicity not found in other diseases. CD16+ T cells from COVID-19 patients promoted microvascular endothelial cell injury and release of neutrophil and monocyte chemoattractants. CD16+ T cell clones persisted beyond acute disease maintaining their cytotoxic phenotype. Increased generation of C3a in severe COVID-19 induced activated CD16+ cytotoxic T cells. Proportions of activated CD16+ T cells and plasma levels of complement proteins upstream of C3a were associated with fatal outcome of COVID-19, supporting a pathological role of exacerbated cytotoxicity and complement activation in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Georg
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rosario Astaburuaga-García
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Bonaguro
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Sophia Brumhard
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Michalick
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena J Lippert
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomislav Kostevc
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Gäbel
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Schneider
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Streitz
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vadim Demichev
- Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Department of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ioanna Gemünd
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthias Barone
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pinkus Tober-Lau
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa T Helbig
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Hillus
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lev Petrov
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Stein
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah-Philine Dey
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Paclik
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Iwert
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Mülleder
- Core Facility, High Throughput Mass Spectrometry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simran Kaur Aulakh
- Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Sonja Djudjaj
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roman D Bülow
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henrik E Mei
- Mass Cytometry Laboratory, DRFZ Berlin, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel R Schulz
- Mass Cytometry Laboratory, DRFZ Berlin, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Thiel
- Si-M/"Der Simulierte Mensch" a Science Framework of Technische Universität Berlin and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Irina Lehmann
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Associated Partner, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stricker
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jobst Röhmel
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuel Wyler
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Landthaler
- IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt Obermayer
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Nephrology, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Electron Microscopy Facility, University Clinic Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Münevver Demir
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Wesselmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Alexander Uhrig
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Müller-Redetzky
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacob Nattermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Meisel
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Immunology, Labor Berlin, Charité Vivantes, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Ralser
- Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Department of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna C Aschenbrenner
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; PRECISE Platform for Genomics and Epigenomics at DZNE, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Thibeault
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Kurth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leif E Sander
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Blüthgen
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Chua CLL, Ng IMJ, Yap BJM, Teo A. Factors influencing phagocytosis of malaria parasites: the story so far. Malar J 2021; 20:319. [PMID: 34271941 PMCID: PMC8284020 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are seven known species of Plasmodium spp. that can infect humans. The human host can mount a complex network of immunological responses to fight infection and one of these immune functions is phagocytosis. Effective and timely phagocytosis of parasites, accompanied by the activation of a regulated inflammatory response, is beneficial for parasite clearance. Functional studies have identified specific opsonins, particularly antibodies and distinct phagocyte sub-populations that are associated with clinical protection against malaria. In addition, cellular and molecular studies have enhanced the understanding of the immunological pathways and outcomes following phagocytosis of malaria parasites. In this review, an integrated view of the factors that can affect phagocytosis of infected erythrocytes and parasite components, the immunological consequences and their association with clinical protection against Plasmodium spp. infection is provided. Several red blood cell disorders and co-infections, and drugs that can influence phagocytic capability during malaria are also discussed. It is hoped that an enhanced understanding of this immunological process can benefit the design of new therapeutics and vaccines to combat this infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ida May Jen Ng
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bryan Ju Min Yap
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Andrew Teo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Medicine, The Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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9
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Rathnayake D, Aitken EH, Rogerson SJ. Beyond Binding: The Outcomes of Antibody-Dependent Complement Activation in Human Malaria. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683404. [PMID: 34168652 PMCID: PMC8217965 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody immunity against malaria is effective but non-sterile. In addition to antibody-mediated inhibition, neutralisation or opsonisation of malaria parasites, antibody-mediated complement activation is also important in defense against infection. Antibodies form immune complexes with parasite-derived antigens that can activate the classical complement pathway. The complement system provides efficient surveillance for infection, and its activation leads to parasite lysis or parasite opsonisation for phagocytosis. The induction of complement-fixing antibodies contributes significantly to the development of protective immunity against clinical malaria. These complement-fixing antibodies can form immune complexes that are recognised by complement receptors on innate cells of the immune system. The efficient clearance of immune complexes is accompanied by complement receptor internalisation, abrogating the detrimental consequences of excess complement activation. Here, we review the mechanisms of activation of complement by alternative, classical, and lectin pathways in human malaria at different stages of the Plasmodium life cycle with special emphasis on how complement-fixing antibodies contribute to protective immunity. We briefly touch upon the action of anaphylatoxins, the assembly of membrane attack complex, and the possible reasons underlying the resistance of infected erythrocytes towards antibody-mediated complement lysis, relevant to their prolonged survival in the blood of the human host. We make suggestions for further research on effector functions of antibody-mediated complement activation that would guide future researchers in deploying complement-fixing antibodies in preventive or therapeutic strategies against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen J. Rogerson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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10
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Lodde V, Floris M, Beerman I, Munk R, Guha R, Steri M, Orrù V, Abdelmohsen K, Crompton PD, Gorospe M, Idda ML, Cucca F. Evolutionarily Selected Overexpression of the Cytokine BAFF Enhances Mucosal Immune Response Against P. falciparum. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575103. [PMID: 33123155 PMCID: PMC7573158 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that a variant of the TNFSF13B gene that we called BAFF-var increases the production of the cytokine BAFF, upregulating humoral immunity and increasing the risk for certain autoimmune diseases. In addition, genetic population signatures revealed that BAFF-var was evolutionarily advantageous, most likely by increasing resistance to malaria infection, which is a prime candidate for selective pressure. To evaluate whether the increased soluble BAFF (sBAFF) production confers protection, we experimentally assessed the role of BAFF-var in response to malaria antigens. Lysates of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum (iRBCs) or left uninfected (uRBCs, control) were used to treat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with distinct BAFF genotypes. The PBMCs purified from BAFF-var donors and treated with iRBCs showed different levels of specific cells, immunoglobulins, and cytokines as compared with BAFF-WT. In particular, a relevant differential effect on mucosal immunity B subpopulations have been observed. These findings point to specific immune cells and molecules through which the evolutionary selected BAFF-var may have improved fitness during P. falciparum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lodde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Matteo Floris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Isabel Beerman
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rachel Munk
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rajan Guha
- Malaria Infection Biology and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Maristella Steri
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Valeria Orrù
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter D. Crompton
- Malaria Infection Biology and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maria Laura Idda
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Monserrato, Italy
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11
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Oliveira LC, Kretzschmar GC, Dos Santos ACM, Camargo CM, Nisihara RM, Farias TDJ, Franke A, Wittig M, Schmidt E, Busch H, Petzl-Erler ML, Boldt ABW. Complement Receptor 1 (CR1, CD35) Polymorphisms and Soluble CR1: A Proposed Anti-inflammatory Role to Quench the Fire of "Fogo Selvagem" Pemphigus Foliaceus. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2585. [PMID: 31824479 PMCID: PMC6883348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus foliaceus is an autoimmune disease that is sporadic around the world but endemic in Brazil, where it is known as fogo selvagem (FS). Characterized by autoantibodies against the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 1, FS causes painful erosions, and crusts that may be widespread. The recognition of antigens, including exposed sugar moieties, activates the complement system. Complement receptor 1 (CR1, CD35), which is responsible for the Knops blood group on erythrocytes (York and McCoy antigens), is also expressed by antigen-presenting cells. This regulates the complement system by removing opsonized antigens, blocking the final steps of the complement cascade. Membrane-bound CR1 also fosters antigen presentation to B cells, whereas soluble CR1 has anti-inflammatory properties. CR1 gene polymorphisms have been associated with susceptibility to complex diseases. In order to investigate the association of CR1 polymorphisms with FS susceptibility, we developed a multiplex sequence-specific assay to haplotype eleven polymorphisms in up to 367 FS patients and 242 controls from an endemic area and 289 from a non-endemic area. We also measured soluble CR1 (sCR1) in the serum of 53 FS patients and 27 controls and mRNA levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 63 genotyped controls. The haplotypes CR1*3B2B (with the York antigen–encoded by p.1408Met) and CR1*3A2A (with p.1208Arg) were associated with protection against FS (OR = 0.57, P = 0.027, and OR = 0.46, P = 0.014, respectively). In contrast, the CR1*1 haplotype (with the McCoy antigen – encoded by p.1590Glu) was associated with FS susceptibility (OR = 4.97, P < 0.001). Heterozygote rs12034383*A/G individuals presented higher mRNA expression than homozygotes with the G allele (P = 0.04). The lowest sCR1 levels occurred in patients with active disease before treatment (P = 0.036). Patients in remission had higher levels of sCR1 than did healthy controls (P = 0.013). Among those under treatment, patients with localized lesions also presented higher sCR1 levels than those with generalized lesions (P = 0.0073). In conclusion, the Knops blood group seems to modulate susceptibility to the disease. Furthermore, corticosteroid treatment might increase sCR1 serum levels, and higher levels may play an anti-inflammatory role in patients with FS, limiting the distribution of lesions. Based on these results, we suggest CR1 as a potential new therapeutic target for the treatment of FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Caroline Oliveira
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carolina Maciel Camargo
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Renato Mitsunori Nisihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Wittig
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Enno Schmidt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Angelica Beate Winter Boldt
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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12
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Rivera-Correa J, Conroy AL, Opoka RO, Batte A, Namazzi R, Ouma B, Bangirana P, Idro R, Schwaderer AL, John CC, Rodriguez A. Autoantibody levels are associated with acute kidney injury, anemia and post-discharge morbidity and mortality in Ugandan children with severe malaria. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14940. [PMID: 31624288 PMCID: PMC6797715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies targeting host antigens contribute to autoimmune disorders, frequently occur during and after infections and have been proposed to contribute to malaria-induced anemia. We measured anti-phosphatidylserine (PS) and anti-DNA antibody levels in 382 Ugandan children prospectively recruited in a study of severe malaria (SM). High antibody levels were defined as antibody levels greater than the mean plus 3 standard deviations of community children (CC). We observed increases in median levels of anti-PS and anti-DNA antibodies in children with SM compared to CC (p < 0.0001 for both). Children with severe malarial anemia were more likely to have high anti-PS antibodies than children with cerebral malaria (16.4% vs. 7.4%), p = 0.02. Increases in anti-PS and anti-DNA antibodies were associated with decreased hemoglobin (p < 0.05). A one-unit increase in anti-DNA antibodies was associated with a 2.99 (95% CI, 1.68, 5.31) increase odds of acute kidney injury (AKI) (p < 0.0001). Elevated anti-PS and anti-DNA antibodies were associated with post-discharge mortality (p = 0.031 and p = 0.042, respectively). Children with high anti-PS antibodies were more likely to have multiple hospital readmissions compared to children with normal anti-PS antibody levels (p < 0.05). SM is associated with increased autoantibodies against PS and DNA. Autoantibodies were associated with anemia, AKI, post-discharge mortality, and hospital readmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rivera-Correa
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Andrea L Conroy
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Robert O Opoka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Anthony Batte
- Child Health and Development Centre, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ruth Namazzi
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Benson Ouma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Paul Bangirana
- Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Richard Idro
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Centre of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew L Schwaderer
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Chandy C John
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Ana Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, USA
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13
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Circulating Monocytes, Tissue Macrophages, and Malaria. J Trop Med 2019; 2019:3720838. [PMID: 31662766 PMCID: PMC6791199 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3720838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a significant cause of global morbidity and mortality. The Plasmodium parasite has a complex life cycle with mosquito, liver, and blood stages. The blood stages can preferentially affect organs such as the brain and placenta. In each of these stages and organs, the parasite will encounter monocytes and tissue-specific macrophages—key cell types in the innate immune response. Interactions between the Plasmodium parasite and monocytes/macrophages lead to several changes at both cellular and molecular levels, such as cytokine release and receptor expression. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the relationship between malaria and blood intervillous monocytes and tissue-specific macrophages of the liver (Kupffer cells), central nervous system (microglia), and placenta (maternal intervillous monocytes and fetal Hofbauer cells). We describe their potential roles in modulating outcomes from infection and areas for future investigation.
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14
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Ortega-Pajares A, Rogerson SJ. The Rough Guide to Monocytes in Malaria Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2888. [PMID: 30581439 PMCID: PMC6292935 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While half of the world's population is at risk of malaria, the most vulnerable are still children under five, pregnant women and returning travelers. Anopheles mosquitoes transmit malaria parasites to the human host; but how Plasmodium interact with the innate immune system remains largely unexplored. The most recent advances prove that monocytes are a key component to control parasite burden and to protect host from disease. Monocytes' protective roles include phagocytosis, cytokine production and antigen presentation. However, monocytes can be involved in pathogenesis and drive inflammation and sequestration of infected red blood cells in organs such as the brain, placenta or lungs by secreting cytokines that upregulate expression of endothelial adhesion receptors. Plasmodium DNA, hemozoin or extracellular vesicles can impair the function of monocytes. With time, reinfections with Plasmodium change the relative proportion of monocyte subsets and their physical properties. These changes relate to clinical outcomes and might constitute informative biomarkers of immunity. More importantly, at the molecular level, transcriptional, metabolic or epigenetic changes can “prime” monocytes to alter their responses in future encounters with Plasmodium. This mechanism, known as trained immunity, challenges the traditional view of monocytes as a component of the immune system that lacks memory. Overall, this rough guide serves as an update reviewing the advances made during the past 5 years on understanding the role of monocytes in innate immunity to malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Ortega-Pajares
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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A review of human diseases caused or exacerbated by aberrant complement activation. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 52:12-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Panda AK, Ravindran B, Das BK. CR1 exon variants are associated with lowered CR1 expression and increased susceptibility to SLE in a Plasmodium falciparum endemic population. Lupus Sci Med 2016; 3:e000145. [PMID: 27933195 PMCID: PMC5133404 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2016-000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement receptor 1 (CR1) plays an important role in immune complex clearance by opsonisation and possibly protects subjects from development of autoantibodies. Lower CR1 expression has been associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In contrast, subjects displaying lower CR1 expression are protected against severe manifestations of falciparum malaria. This study is the first of its kind to investigate the association of CR1 variants with development of SLE in a P. falciparum endemic population from Odisha, India. METHODS CR1 polymorphisms (intron 27 (A>T), exon 22 (A>G) and exon 33 (G>C)) were typed by PCR and restriction length polymorphism in 297 cases of female patients with SLE and 300 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls from malaria endemic areas in Odisha, India. CR1 expression on monocytes was quantified by flow cytometry. RESULTS The homozygous mutants of CR1 exon 22 (GG) and exon 33 (GG) and their minor alleles were associated with susceptibility to SLE. Furthermore, patients with SLE who harboured the GG genotype of the exon 33 polymorphism had a 3.12-fold higher chance of developing lupus nephritis. CR1 exon (22 and 33) variants were associated with lowered CR1 expression on monocytes in patients with SLE and in healthy controls. Patients with lupus nephritis showed significantly diminished CR1 expression than those without renal involvement (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study demonstrate that common CR1 exon variants are associated with diminished CR1 expression on monocytes and increased susceptibility to development of SLE and lupus nephritis in a malaria endemic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya K Panda
- Infectious Disease Biology Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; Centre for Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi, India
| | - Balachandran Ravindran
- Infectious Disease Biology Group , Institute of Life Sciences , Bhubaneswar, Odisha , India
| | - Bidyut K Das
- Infectious Disease Biology Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; Department of Medicine, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India
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17
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Luan Y, Zhao J, Yao H, Zhao X, Fan R, Zhao W, Zhang Z, Xu S. Selenium Deficiency Influences the mRNA Expression of Selenoproteins and Cytokines in Chicken Erythrocytes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:427-436. [PMID: 26463751 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) deficiency induces hemolysis in chickens, but the molecular mechanism for this effect remains unclear. Se primarily elicits its function through the activity of selenoproteins, which contain the unique amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Se deficiency on the expression of 24 selenoproteins and 10 cytokines. One hundred eighty chickens were randomly divided into 2 groups (90 chickens per group). During the entire experimental period, chickens were allowed ad libitum consumption of feed and water. The chickens were fed either a Se-deficient diet (0.008 mg Se/kg; produced in the Se-deficient area of Heilongjiang, China) or a Se-supplemented diet (as sodium selenite) at 0.2 mg/kg for 35 days. At the 35th day, the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of 24 selenoproteins and 10 cytokines were examined in erythrocytes of 5 chickens per group, and the correlation was analyzed. The results showed that the expression of 24 selenoproteins and 7 cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12β, TGF-β4, and IFN-γ) decreased (P < 0.05), and the expression of 3 cytokines (IL-1γ, IL-6 and IL-7) was higher in the Se-deficient group. In both groups, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), thioredoxin 1 (Txnrd1), selenoprotein P1 (SELP), and selenoprotein synthetase (SPS2) were highly expressed compared to the other selenoproteins in chicken erythrocytes (P < 0.05). These data suggest that GPXs, Txnrd1, SELP, and SPS2 possibly play a more important role than the other selenoproteins. The increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1γ, IL-6, and IL-7) suggested that the immune system of chickens was damaged by the Se deficiency. Correlation analysis suggested that although the expression of 24 selenoproteins and 7 cytokines decreased and that of 3 cytokines increased, there was a close correlation between their expression levels and a Se diet. These results suggested that Se deficiency influenced the expressions of 24 selenoproteins and 10 cytokines in chicken erythrocytes, revealing a relationship between Se and the chicken immune system. This study offers information regarding the mechanism of Se deficiency-induced hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Luan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidong Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Abstract
SUMMARYPlasmodium vivaxis the most geographically widespread of the malaria parasites causing human disease, yet it is comparatively understudied compared withPlasmodium falciparum.In this article we review what is known about naturally acquired immunity toP. vivax, and importantly, how this differs to that acquired againstP. falciparum.Immunity to clinicalP. vivaxinfection is acquired more quickly than toP. falciparum, and evidence suggests humans in endemic areas also have a greater capacity to mount a successful immunological memory response to this pathogen. Both of these factors give promise to the idea of a successfulP. vivaxvaccine. We review what is known about both the cellular and humoral immune response, including the role of cytokines, antibodies, immunoregulation, immune memory and immune dysfunction. Furthermore, we discuss where the future lies in terms of advancing our understanding of naturally acquired immunity toP. vivax, through the use of well-designed longitudinal epidemiological studies and modern tools available to immunologists.
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19
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Deroost K, Pham TT, Opdenakker G, Van den Steen PE. The immunological balance between host and parasite in malaria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2015; 40:208-57. [PMID: 26657789 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuv046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coevolution of humans and malaria parasites has generated an intricate balance between the immune system of the host and virulence factors of the parasite, equilibrating maximal parasite transmission with limited host damage. Focusing on the blood stage of the disease, we discuss how the balance between anti-parasite immunity versus immunomodulatory and evasion mechanisms of the parasite may result in parasite clearance or chronic infection without major symptoms, whereas imbalances characterized by excessive parasite growth, exaggerated immune reactions or a combination of both cause severe pathology and death, which is detrimental for both parasite and host. A thorough understanding of the immunological balance of malaria and its relation to other physiological balances in the body is of crucial importance for developing effective interventions to reduce malaria-related morbidity and to diminish fatal outcomes due to severe complications. Therefore, we discuss in this review the detailed mechanisms of anti-malarial immunity, parasite virulence factors including immune evasion mechanisms and pathogenesis. Furthermore, we propose a comprehensive classification of malaria complications according to the different types of imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Deroost
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, NW71AA, UK
| | - Thao-Thy Pham
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe E Van den Steen
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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DNA-Containing Immunocomplexes Promote Inflammasome Assembly and Release of Pyrogenic Cytokines by CD14+ CD16+ CD64high CD32low Inflammatory Monocytes from Malaria Patients. mBio 2015; 6:e01605-15. [PMID: 26578679 PMCID: PMC4659466 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01605-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of circulating immunocomplexes (ICs) are found in patients with either infectious or sterile inflammation. We report that patients with either Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax malaria have increased levels of circulating anti-DNA antibodies and ICs containing parasite DNA. Upon stimulation with malaria-induced ICs, monocytes express an NF-κB transcriptional signature. The main source of IC-induced proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] and interleukin-1β [IL-1β])in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from acute malaria patients was found to be a CD14+ CD16 (FcγRIIIA)+ CD64 (FcγRI)high CD32 (FcγRIIB)low monocyte subset. Monocytes from convalescent patients were predominantly of the classical phenotype (CD14+ CD16−) that produces high levels of IL-10 and lower levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in response to ICs. Finally, we report a novel role for the proinflammatory activity of ICs by demonstrating their ability to induce inflammasome assembly and caspase-1 activation in human monocytes. These findings illuminate our understanding of the pathogenic role of ICs and monocyte subsets and may be relevant for future development of immunity-based interventions with broad applications to systemic inflammatory diseases. Every year, there are approximately 200 million cases of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria, resulting in nearly 1 million deaths, most of which are children. Decades of research on malaria pathogenesis have established that the clinical manifestations are often a consequence of the systemic inflammation elicited by the parasite. Recent studies indicate that parasite DNA is a main proinflammatory component during infection with different Plasmodium species. This finding resembles the mechanism of disease in systemic lupus erythematosus, where host DNA plays a central role in stimulating an inflammatory process and self-damaging reactions. In this study, we disclose the mechanism by which ICs containing Plasmodium DNA activate innate immune cells and consequently stimulate systemic inflammation during acute episodes of malaria. Our results further suggest that Toll-like receptors and inflammasomes have a central role in malaria pathogenesis and provide new insights toward developing novel therapeutic interventions for this devastating disease.
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21
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Yin W, Cui J, Jiang J, Zhao J, Fan K, Sun N, Wang Z, Sun Y, Ma H, Li H. The immune adherence receptor CR1-like existed on porcine erythrocytes membrane. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13290. [PMID: 26268676 PMCID: PMC4534784 DOI: 10.1038/srep13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we obtain a mouse anti-porcine complement receptor type 1 (CR1)-like monoclonal antibody (McAb) and use this McAb to verify the existence of CR1-like protein on porcine erythrocytes. Our results confirm that CR1-like protein is localized on the surface of porcine erythrocytes. Mouse immunoglobulin G inhibited the binding of serum-opsonized green fluorescent protein-expressing Escherichia coli to porcine erythrocytes. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis indicates that CR1-like McAb reacts with biochemically-purified porcine erythrocyte membrane fractions, with a clear band at 135 kDa to 140 kDa. We postulate that the 135 kDa to 140 kDa membrane protein is the equivalent of the porcine erythrocyte CR1-like protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P. R. China
| | - Jiaoyan Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P. R. China
| | - Junbing Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P. R. China
| | - Junxing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P. R. China
| | - Kuohai Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P. R. China
| | - Na Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P. R. China
| | - Yaogui Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P. R. China
| | - Haili Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P. R. China
| | - Hongquan Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P. R. China
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22
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Lan Y, Wei CD, Chen WC, Wang JL, Wang CF, Pan GG, Wei YS, Nong LG. Association of the single-nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype of the complement receptor 1 gene with malaria. Yonsei Med J 2015; 56:332-9. [PMID: 25683978 PMCID: PMC4329341 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2015.56.2.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the polymorphisms of erythrocyte complement receptor type 1 (CR1) in patients with malaria have been extensively studied, a question of whether the polymorphisms of CR1 are associated with severe malaria remains controversial. Furthermore, no study has examined the association of CR1 polymorphisms with malaria in Chinese population. Therefore, we investigated the relationship of CR1 gene polymorphism and malaria in Chinese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed polymorphisms of CR1 gene rs2274567 G/A, rs4844600 G/A, and rs2296160 C/T in 509 patients with malaria and 503 controls, using the Taqman genotyping assay and PCR-direct sequencing. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies of CR1 gene rs2274567 G/A, rs4844600 G/A, and rs2296160 C/T polymorphisms between patients with malaria and controls. Furthermore, there was no association of polymorphisms in the CR1 gene with the severity of malaria in Chinese population. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that CR1 gene rs2274567 G/A, rs4844600 G/A, and rs2296160 C/T polymorphisms may not be involved in susceptibility to malaria in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Dong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Cheng Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Li Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Fang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Gang Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Ye-Sheng Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, P. R. China.
| | - Le-Gen Nong
- Institute of Medical Laboratory, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, P. R. China.
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23
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Potential immune mechanisms associated with anemia in Plasmodium vivax malaria: a puzzling question. Infect Immun 2014; 82:3990-4000. [PMID: 25092911 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01972-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of malaria is complex, generating a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. One of the major complications and concerns in malaria is anemia, which is responsible for considerable morbidity in the developing world, especially in children and pregnant women. Despite its enormous health importance, the immunological mechanisms involved in malaria-induced anemia remain incompletely understood. Plasmodium vivax, one of the causative agents of human malaria, is known to induce a strong inflammatory response with a robust production of immune effectors, including cytokines and antibodies. Therefore, it is possible that the extent of the immune response not only may facilitate the parasite killing but also may provoke severe illness, including anemia. In this review, we consider potential immune effectors and their possible involvement in generating this clinical outcome during P. vivax infections.
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24
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Marinho CF, Azeredo EL, Torrentes-Carvalho A, Marins-Dos-Santos A, Kubelka CF, de Souza LJ, Cunha RV, de-Oliveira-Pinto LM. Down-regulation of complement receptors on the surface of host monocyte even as in vitro complement pathway blocking interferes in dengue infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102014. [PMID: 25061945 PMCID: PMC4111305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In dengue virus (DENV) infection, complement system (CS) activation appears to have protective and pathogenic effects. In severe dengue fever (DF), the levels of DENV non-structural-1 protein and of the products of complement activation, including C3a, C5a and SC5b-9, are higher before vascular leakage occurs, supporting the hypothesis that complement activation contributes to unfavourable outcomes. The clinical manifestations of DF range from asymptomatic to severe and even fatal. Here, we aimed to characterise CS by their receptors or activation product, in vivo in DF patients and in vitro by DENV-2 stimulation on monocytes. In comparison with healthy controls, DF patients showed lower expression of CR3 (CD11b), CR4 (CD11c) and, CD59 on monocytes. The DF patients who were high producers of SC5b-9 were also those that showed more pronounced bleeding or vascular leakage. Those findings encouraged us to investigate the role of CS in vitro, using monocytes isolated from healthy subjects. Prior blocking with CR3 alone (CD11b) or CR3 (CD11b/CD18) reduced viral infection, as quantified by the levels of intracellular viral antigen expression and soluble DENV non-structural viral protein. However, we found that CR3 alone (CD11b) or CR3 (CD11b/CD18) blocking did not influence major histocompatibility complex presentation neither active caspase-1 on monocytes, thus probably ruling out inflammasome-related mechanisms. Although it did impair the secretion of tumour necrosis factor alpha and interferon alpha. Our data provide strategies of blocking CR3 (CD11b) pathways could have implications for the treatment of viral infection by antiviral-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rivaldo Venâncio Cunha
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
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Increased survival in B-cell-deficient mice during experimental cerebral malaria suggests a role for circulating immune complexes. mBio 2014; 5:e00949-14. [PMID: 24643866 PMCID: PMC3967524 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00949-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of malaria, an insect-borne disease that takes millions of lives every year, is still not fully understood. Complement receptor 1 (CR1) has been described as a receptor for Plasmodium falciparum, which causes cerebral malaria in humans. We investigated the role of CR1 in an experimental model of cerebral malaria. Transgenic mice expressing human CR1 (hCR1(+)) on erythrocytes were infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA and developed cerebral malaria. No difference in survival was observed in hCR1(+) mice compared to wild-type mice following infection with P. berghei ANKA; however, hCR1 detection was significantly diminished on erythrocytes between days 7 and 10 postinfection. hCR1 levels returned to baseline by day 17 postinfection in surviving animals. Immunoblot assays revealed that total erythrocyte hCR1 levels were diminished, confirming that immune complexes in association with erythrocyte hCR1 were likely removed from erythrocytes in vivo by clearance following immune adherence. Decreases in hCR1 were completely dependent on C3 expression, as mice treated with cobra venom factor (which consumes and depletes C3) retained hCR1 on erythrocytes during C3 depletion through day 7; erythrocyte hCR1 decreases were observed only when C3 levels recovered on day 9. B-cell-deficient mice exhibit a marked increase in survival following infection with P. berghei ANKA, which suggests that immune complexes play a central role in the pathogenesis of experimental cerebral malaria. Together, our findings highlight the importance of complement and immune complexes in experimental cerebral malaria. IMPORTANCE Cerebral malaria is a deadly complication of infection with Plasmodium falciparum. Despite its high prevalence, relatively little is understood about its pathogenesis. We have determined that immune complexes are generated and deposited on erythrocytes specifically expressing human complement receptor 1 in a mouse model of cerebral malaria. We also provide evidence demonstrating the importance of immunoglobulins in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria in mice. These findings may have important implications in human cerebral malaria.
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26
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Complement activation in malaria: friend or foe? Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:293-301. [PMID: 24508275 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Complement is activated during malaria infection, but there is little evidence that it benefits the host. On the contrary, growing evidence points to the central role of complement activation in the pathogenesis of complicated malaria. Recent evidence suggests a critical role for C5a and the membrane attack complex in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria, and for C5a in the pathogenesis of placental malaria. In addition, erythrocytes of children with severe malarial anemia have increased deposition of C3b and decreased capacity to regulate complement activation, that probably increase their susceptibility to destruction by liver and splenic macrophages. These observations justify further investigation of the role of complement in malaria and the testing of complement inhibitors as adjunctive treatment for severe malaria.
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