1
|
Zhu W, Zhang Z, Chen J, Chen X, Huang L, Zhang X, Huang X, Ma N, Xu W, Yi X, Lu X, Fu X, Li S, Mo G, Wang Y, Yuan G, Zang M, Li Q, Jiang X, He Y, Wu S, He Y, Li Y, Hou J. A novel engineered IL-21 receptor arms T-cell receptor-engineered T cells (TCR-T cells) against hepatocellular carcinoma. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:101. [PMID: 38643203 PMCID: PMC11032311 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Strategies to improve T cell therapy efficacy in solid tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are urgently needed. The common cytokine receptor γ chain (γc) family cytokines such as IL-2, IL-7, IL-15 and IL-21 play fundamental roles in T cell development, differentiation and effector phases. This study aims to determine the combination effects of IL-21 in T cell therapy against HCC and investigate optimized strategies to utilize the effect of IL-21 signal in T cell therapy. The antitumor function of AFP-specific T cell receptor-engineered T cells (TCR-T) was augmented by exogenous IL-21 in vitro and in vivo. IL-21 enhanced proliferation capacity, promoted memory differentiation, downregulated PD-1 expression and alleviated apoptosis in TCR-T after activation. A novel engineered IL-21 receptor was established, and TCR-T armed with the novel engineered IL-21 receptors (IL-21R-TCR-T) showed upregulated phosphorylated STAT3 expression without exogenous IL-21 ligand. IL-21R-TCR-T showed better proliferation upon activation and superior antitumor function in vitro and in vivo. IL-21R-TCR-T exhibited a less differentiated, exhausted and apoptotic phenotype than conventional TCR-T upon repetitive tumor antigen stimulation. The novel IL-21 receptor in our study programs powerful TCR-T and can avoid side effects induced by IL-21 systemic utilization. The novel IL-21 receptor creates new opportunities for next-generation TCR-T against HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinzhang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle, UK
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Ma
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Weikang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoheng Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guosheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengya Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotao Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajing He
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Demonstration Center for Experimental Education of Basic Medical Sciences of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yukai He
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yongyin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jinlin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chan CW, Chen HW, Wang YW, Lin CI, Chuang YH. IL-21, not IL-17A, exacerbates murine primary biliary cholangitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 215:137-147. [PMID: 37708215 PMCID: PMC10847827 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune liver disease caused by intrahepatic bile duct injuries, resulting in fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually liver failure. T helper (Th) 17 cells are proposed to involve in the pathogenesis of PBC. However, how and which Th17 cell-derived cytokines affect PBC remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of Th17 effector cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17F, and IL-21 in PBC using a xenobiotic-induced mouse model of autoimmune cholangitis (inducible chemical xenobiotic models of PBC) treated with cytokine-expressing adeno-associated virus. Our results showed that administration of IL-17A, the well-known main cytokine produced by Th17 cells, did not augment liver inflammation or fibrosis. In contrast, we noted IL-17A-treated mice had lower hepatic Th1 cell numbers and higher hepatic CD11b+Ly6G+ polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell numbers. IL-17F did not alter liver inflammation or fibrosis. However, the administration of IL-21 exacerbated liver inflammatory responses and portal cell infiltration. IL-21 markedly increased the numbers of activated CD8+ T cells and liver tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells. Moreover, IL-21 aggravates liver fibrosis in mice with autoimmune cholangitis. These results emphasized that not IL-17A but IL-21 in Th17 cell-derived cytokines affected the pathogenesis of PBC. IL-21 enhanced liver inflammation and progression to fibrosis by enhancing the numbers and effector activities of CD8+ T cells. Delineation of the effects of different Th17 effector cytokines in PBC offers clues for developing new therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wen Chan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-I Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Chuang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma M, Xie Y, Liu J, Wu L, Liu Y, Qin X. Biological effects of IL-21 on immune cells and its potential for cancer treatment. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111154. [PMID: 37977064 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a member of the IL-2 cytokine family, is one of the most important effector and messenger molecules in the immune system. Produced by various immune cells, IL-21 has pleiotropic effects on innate and adaptive immune responses via regulation of natural killer, T, and B cells. An anti-tumor role of IL-21 has also been reported in the literature, as it may support cell proliferation or on the contrary induce growth arrest or apoptosis of the tumor cell. Anti-tumor effect of IL-21 enhances when combined with other agents that target tumor cells, immune regulatory circuits, or other immune-enhancing molecules. Therefore, understanding the biology of IL-21 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and reducing its systemic toxic and side effects is crucial to ensure the maximum benefits of anti-tumor treatment strategies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview on the biological functions, roles in tumors, and the recent advances in preclinical and clinical research of IL-21 in tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meichen Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaosong Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schroderus AM, Poorbaugh J, McElyea S, Beasley S, Zhang L, Näntö-Salonen K, Rintamäki R, Pihlajamäki J, Knip M, Veijola R, Toppari J, Ilonen J, Benschop RJ, Kinnunen T. Evaluation of plasma IL-21 as a potential biomarker for type 1 diabetes progression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1157265. [PMID: 37415982 PMCID: PMC10321755 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1157265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-21 is a multifunctional cytokine linked with the pathophysiology of several autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes. In this study, our aim was to examine plasma IL-21 levels in individuals at different stages of type 1 diabetes progression. We measured plasma IL-21 levels, as well as levels of other key pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A, TNF-α and IL-6), from 37 adults with established type 1 diabetes and 46 healthy age-matched adult controls, as well as from 53 children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, 48 at-risk children positive for type 1 diabetes-associated autoantibodies and 123 healthy age-matched pediatric controls using the ultrasensitive Quanterix SiMoA technology. Adults with established type 1 diabetes had higher plasma IL-21 levels compared to healthy controls. However, the plasma IL-21 levels showed no statistically significant correlation with clinical variables, such as BMI, C-peptide, HbA1c, or hsCRP levels, evaluated in parallel. In children, plasma IL-21 levels were almost ten times higher than in adults. However, no significant differences in plasma IL-21 levels were detected between healthy children, autoantibody-positive at-risk children, and children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. In conclusion, plasma IL-21 levels in adults with established type 1 diabetes were increased, which may be associated with autoimmunity. The physiologically high plasma IL-21 levels in children may, however, reduce the potential of IL-21 as a biomarker for autoimmunity in pediatric subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Mari Schroderus
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Lin Zhang
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Reeta Rintamäki
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Pediatric Research Center, New Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Veijola
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Tuure Kinnunen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- ISLAB Laboratory Centre, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shan J, Li L, Du L, Yang P. Association of TBX21 gene polymorphisms and acute anterior uveitis risk in a Chinese population: A case-control study. Exp Eye Res 2023; 229:109417. [PMID: 36796535 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) in TBX21 gene have been reported to be significantly and positively correlated with acute anterior uveitis (AAU). Our study was performed to further determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TBX21 gene confer susceptibility to AAU in a Chinese population. In our case-control study, 420 AAU patients and 918 healthy controls were included. SNP genotyping was conducted via the MassARRAY™ iPLEX Gold platform. Association and haplotype analyses were performed via SPSS 23.0 and SHEsis software. No significant association was observed between two candidate SNPs of TBX21 gene (rs4794067, rs11657479) and susceptibility to AAU (Pc > 0.05). In stratification analysis, the result also showed no significant difference between the HLA-B27 positive AAU patients and non-typed healthy controls. Additionally, no association was detected between TBX21 haplotypes and AAU risk. In conclusion, the polymorphisms rs4794067 and rs11657479 in TBX21 gene did not confer disease susceptibility to AAU in a Chinese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Shan
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peizeng Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipal Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Proinflammatory Cytokines IL-18, IL-21, and IFN-γ Differentially Regulate Liver Inflammation and Anti-Mitochondrial Antibody Level in a Murine Model of Primary Biliary Cholangitis. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:7111445. [PMID: 35300072 PMCID: PMC8922149 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7111445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a cholestatic liver disease primarily featured by autoimmune-mediated damage of intrahepatic small- and medium-sized bile ducts. Elevated serum proinflammatory cytokines, serum anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMAs), liver inflammation, and fibrosis are also hallmarks of PBC disease. However, whether the elevated proinflammatory cytokines play a role in autoimmune cholangitis remains unknown. Herein, we utilized the p40-/-IL-2Rα-/- PBC mouse model to investigate the roles of proinflammatory cytokines IL-18, IL-21, and IFN-γ in the onset and progression of PBC. IL-18-/-, IFN-γ-/-, and IL-21-/- mice were crossed with p40-/-IL-2Ra+/- mice, respectively, to produce corresponding cytokine-deficient PBC models. Autoantibody level, liver inflammation, and bile duct injury were analyzed. We found that livers from p40-/-IL-2Rα-/- mice exhibit similar transcriptomic characters of PBC patients. In p40-/-IL-2Rα-/- mice, deletion of IL-18 has no remarkable effect on disease progression, while deletion of IL-21 indicates that it is necessary for AMA production but independent of liver inflammation and cholangitis. IFN-γ is responsible for both AMA production and liver inflammation in our model. Our results demonstrate that different proinflammatory cytokines can regulate different effector functions in PBC pathogenesis and need to be considered in PBC treatment.
Collapse
|
7
|
Moretto MM, Khan IA. Immune Response to Microsporidia. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2022; 114:373-388. [PMID: 35544009 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93306-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microsporidia are a group of pathogens, which can pose severe risks to the immunocompromised population, such as HIV-infected individuals or organ transplant recipients. Adaptive immunity has been reported to be critical for protection, and mice depleted of T cells are unable to control these infections. In a mouse model of infection, CD8 T cells have been found to be the primary effector cells and are responsible for protecting the infected host. Also, as infection is acquired via a peroral route, CD8 T cells in the gut compartment act as a first line of defense against these pathogens. Thus, generation of a robust CD8 T-cell response exhibiting polyfunctional ability is critical for host survival. In this chapter, we describe the effector CD8 T cells generated during microsporidia infection and the factors that may be essential for generating protective immunity against these understudied but significant pathogens. Overall, this chapter will highlight the necessity for a better understanding of the development of CD8 T-cell responses in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and provide some insights into therapies that may be used to restore defective CD8 T-cell functionality in an immunocompromised situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magali M Moretto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Imtiaz A Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Qing G, Zhiyuan W, Jinge Y, Yuqing M, Zuoguan C, Yongpeng D, Jinfeng Y, Junnan J, Yijia G, Weimin L, Yongjun L. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Revealed CD14 + Monocytes Increased in Patients With Takayasu's Arteritis Requiring Surgical Management. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:761300. [PMID: 34671607 PMCID: PMC8521054 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.761300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Takayasu Arteritis (TA) is a highly specific vascular inflammation and poses threat to patients’ health. Although some patients have accepted medical treatment, their culprit lesions require surgical management (TARSM). This study aimed at dissecting the transcriptomes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in these patients and to explore potential clinical markers for TA development and progression. Methods: Peripheral blood were collected from four TA patients requiring surgical management and four age-sex matched healthy donors. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was adopted to explore the transcriptomic diversity and function of their PBMCs. ELISA, qPCR, and FACS were conducted to validate the results of the analysis. Results: A total of 29918 qualified cells were included for downstream analysis. Nine major cell types were confirmed, including CD14+ monocytes, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, CD4+ T cells, B cells, CD16+ monocytes, megakaryocytes, dendritic cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. CD14+ monocytes (50.0 vs. 39.3%, p < 0.05) increased in TA patients, as validated by FACS results. TXNIP, AREG, THBS1, and CD163 increased in TA patients. ILs like IL-6, IL-6STP1, IL-6ST, IL-15, and IL-15RA increased in TA group. Conclusion: Transcriptome heterogeneities of PBMCs in TA patients requiring surgical management were revealed in the present study. In the patients with TA, CD14+ monocytes and gene expressions involved in oxidative stress were increased, indicating a new treatment and research direction in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gao Qing
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, National Centre of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Tuberculosis Clinical Lab of China, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Zhiyuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, National Centre of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Jinge
- Institute of Statistics and Big Data, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yuqing
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, National Centre of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zuoguan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, National Centre of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Diao Yongpeng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, National Centre of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Jinfeng
- National Tuberculosis Clinical Lab of China, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Junnan
- Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo Yijia
- National Tuberculosis Clinical Lab of China, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Weimin
- National Tuberculosis Clinical Lab of China, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yongjun
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, National Centre of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Du L, Nai Y, Shen M, Li T, Huang J, Han X, Wang W, Pang D, Jin A. IL-21 Optimizes the CAR-T Cell Preparation Through Improving Lentivirus Mediated Transfection Efficiency of T Cells and Enhancing CAR-T Cell Cytotoxic Activities. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:675179. [PMID: 34179083 PMCID: PMC8220804 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.675179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy using CAR-T cells is a promising curative treatment strategy for hematological malignancies. Current manufacture of clinical-grade CAR-T cells based on lentiviral/retrovirus transfection of T cells followed by anti-CD3/CD28 activation supplemented with IL-2 has been associated with low transfection efficiency and usually based on the use of terminally differentiated effector T cells. Thus, improving the quality and the quantity of CAR-T cells are essential for optimizing the CAR-T cell preparation. In our study, we focus on the role of IL-21 in the γc cytokine conditions for CAR-T cell preparation. We found for the first time that the addition of IL-21 in the CAR-T preparation improved T cell transfection efficiency through the reduction of IFN-γ expression 24-48 h after T cell activation. We also confirmed that IL-21 enhanced the enrichment and expansion of less differentiated CAR-T cells. Finally, we validated that IL-21 improved the CAR-T cell cytotoxicity, which was related to increased secretion of effector cytokines. Together, these findings can be used to optimize the CAR-T cell preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Du
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaru Nai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meiying Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojian Han
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Aishun Jin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fagre A, Lewis J, Eckley M, Zhan S, Rocha SM, Sexton NR, Burke B, Geiss B, Peersen O, Bass T, Kading R, Rovnak J, Ebel GD, Tjalkens RB, Aboellail T, Schountz T. SARS-CoV-2 infection, neuropathogenesis and transmission among deer mice: Implications for spillback to New World rodents. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009585. [PMID: 34010360 PMCID: PMC8168874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) emerged in late 2019 in China and rapidly became pandemic. As with other coronaviruses, a preponderance of evidence suggests the virus originated in horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus spp.) and may have infected an intermediate host prior to spillover into humans. A significant concern is that SARS-CoV-2 could become established in secondary reservoir hosts outside of Asia. To assess this potential, we challenged deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) with SARS-CoV-2 and found robust virus replication in the upper respiratory tract, lungs and intestines, with detectable viral RNA for up to 21 days in oral swabs and 6 days in lungs. Virus entry into the brain also occurred, likely via gustatory-olfactory-trigeminal pathway with eventual compromise to the blood-brain barrier. Despite this, no conspicuous signs of disease were observed, and no deer mice succumbed to infection. Expression of several innate immune response genes were elevated in the lungs, including IFNα, IFNβ, Cxcl10, Oas2, Tbk1 and Pycard. Elevated CD4 and CD8β expression in the lungs was concomitant with Tbx21, IFNγ and IL-21 expression, suggesting a type I inflammatory immune response. Contact transmission occurred from infected to naive deer mice through two passages, showing sustained natural transmission and localization into the olfactory bulb, recapitulating human neuropathology. In the second deer mouse passage, an insertion of 4 amino acids occurred to fixation in the N-terminal domain of the spike protein that is predicted to form a solvent-accessible loop. Subsequent examination of the source virus from BEI Resources determined the mutation was present at very low levels, demonstrating potent purifying selection for the insert during in vivo passage. Collectively, this work has determined that deer mice are a suitable animal model for the study of SARS-CoV-2 respiratory disease and neuropathogenesis, and that they have the potential to serve as secondary reservoir hosts in North America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fagre
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Juliette Lewis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Miles Eckley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Shijun Zhan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Savannah M. Rocha
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nicole R. Sexton
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Bradly Burke
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Brian Geiss
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Olve Peersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Todd Bass
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rebekah Kading
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Joel Rovnak
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Gregory D. Ebel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Ronald B. Tjalkens
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Tawfik Aboellail
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Tony Schountz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Y, Li B, Bai Q, Wang P, Wei G, Li Z, Hu L, Tian Q, Zhou J, Huang Q, Wang Z, Yue S, Wu J, Yang L, Zhou X, Jiang L, Ni T, Ye L, Wu Y. The lncRNA Snhg1-Vps13D vesicle trafficking system promotes memory CD8 T cell establishment via regulating the dual effects of IL-7 signaling. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:126. [PMID: 33758164 PMCID: PMC7987995 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient induction and long-term persistence of pathogen-specific memory CD8 T cells are pivotal to rapidly curb the reinfection. Recent studies indicated that long-noncoding RNAs expression is highly cell- and stage-specific during T cell development and differentiation, suggesting their potential roles in T cell programs. However, the key lncRNAs playing crucial roles in memory CD8 T cell establishment remain to be clarified. Through CD8 T cell subsets profiling of lncRNAs, this study found a key lncRNA-Snhg1 with the conserved naivehi-effectorlo-memoryhi expression pattern in CD8 T cells of both mice and human, that can promote memory formation while impeding effector CD8 in acute viral infection. Further, Snhg1 was found interacting with the conserved vesicle trafficking protein Vps13D to promote IL-7Rα membrane location specifically. With the deep mechanism probing, the results show Snhg1-Vps13D regulated IL-7 signaling with its dual effects in memory CD8 generation, which not just because of the sustaining role of STAT5-BCL-2 axis for memory survival, but more through the STAT3-TCF1-Blimp1 axis for transcriptional launch program of memory differentiation. Moreover, we performed further study with finding a similar high-low-high expression pattern of human SNHG1/VPS13D/IL7R/TCF7 in CD8 T cell subsets from PBMC samples of the convalescent COVID-19 patients. The central role of Snhg1-Vps13D-IL-7R-TCF1 axis in memory CD8 establishment makes it a potential target for improving the vaccination effects to control the ongoing pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 401121, China.
| | - Baohua Li
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qiang Bai
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Laboratory of Immunophysiology, GIGA Institute, Liège University, Liège, 4000, Belgium.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Gang Wei
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhirong Li
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Li Hu
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qin Tian
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qizhao Huang
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shuai Yue
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jialin Wu
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Xinyuan Zhou
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lubin Jiang
- Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ting Ni
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lilin Ye
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Y, Li B, Bai Q, Wang P, Wei G, Li Z, Hu L, Tian Q, Zhou J, Huang Q, Wang Z, Yue S, Wu J, Yang L, Zhou X, Jiang L, Ni T, Ye L, Wu Y. The lncRNA Snhg1-Vps13D vesicle trafficking system promotes memory CD8 T cell establishment via regulating the dual effects of IL-7 signaling. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-021-00492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe efficient induction and long-term persistence of pathogen-specific memory CD8 T cells are pivotal to rapidly curb the reinfection. Recent studies indicated that long-noncoding RNAs expression is highly cell- and stage-specific during T cell development and differentiation, suggesting their potential roles in T cell programs. However, the key lncRNAs playing crucial roles in memory CD8 T cell establishment remain to be clarified. Through CD8 T cell subsets profiling of lncRNAs, this study found a key lncRNA-Snhg1 with the conserved naivehi-effectorlo-memoryhi expression pattern in CD8 T cells of both mice and human, that can promote memory formation while impeding effector CD8 in acute viral infection. Further, Snhg1 was found interacting with the conserved vesicle trafficking protein Vps13D to promote IL-7Rα membrane location specifically. With the deep mechanism probing, the results show Snhg1-Vps13D regulated IL-7 signaling with its dual effects in memory CD8 generation, which not just because of the sustaining role of STAT5-BCL-2 axis for memory survival, but more through the STAT3-TCF1-Blimp1 axis for transcriptional launch program of memory differentiation. Moreover, we performed further study with finding a similar high-low-high expression pattern of human SNHG1/VPS13D/IL7R/TCF7 in CD8 T cell subsets from PBMC samples of the convalescent COVID-19 patients. The central role of Snhg1-Vps13D-IL-7R-TCF1 axis in memory CD8 establishment makes it a potential target for improving the vaccination effects to control the ongoing pandemic.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ge T, Jhala G, Fynch S, Akazawa S, Litwak S, Pappas EG, Catterall T, Vakil I, Long AJ, Olson LM, Krishnamurthy B, Kay TW, Thomas HE. The JAK1 Selective Inhibitor ABT 317 Blocks Signaling Through Interferon-γ and Common γ Chain Cytokine Receptors to Reverse Autoimmune Diabetes in NOD Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:588543. [PMID: 33343569 PMCID: PMC7746546 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.588543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines that signal through the JAK-STAT pathway, such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and common γ chain cytokines, contribute to the destruction of insulin-secreting β cells by CD8+ T cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We previously showed that JAK1/JAK2 inhibitors reversed autoimmune insulitis in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and also blocked IFN-γ mediated MHC class I upregulation on β cells. Blocking interferons on their own does not prevent diabetes in knockout NOD mice, so we tested whether JAK inhibitor action on signaling downstream of common γ chain cytokines, including IL-2, IL-7 IL-15, and IL-21, may also affect the progression of diabetes in NOD mice. Common γ chain cytokines activate JAK1 and JAK3 to regulate T cell proliferation. We used a JAK1-selective inhibitor, ABT 317, to better understand the specific role of JAK1 signaling in autoimmune diabetes. ABT 317 reduced IL-21, IL-2, IL-15 and IL-7 signaling in T cells and IFN-γ signaling in β cells, but ABT 317 did not affect GM-CSF signaling in granulocytes. When given in vivo to NOD mice, ABT 317 reduced CD8+ T cell proliferation as well as the number of KLRG+ effector and CD44hiCD62Llo effector memory CD8+ T cells in spleen. ABT 317 also prevented MHC class I upregulation on β cells. Newly diagnosed diabetes was reversed in 94% NOD mice treated twice daily with ABT 317 while still on treatment at 40 days and 44% remained normoglycemic after a further 60 days from discontinuing the drug. Our results indicate that ABT 317 blocks common γ chain cytokines in lymphocytes and interferons in lymphocytes and β cells and are thus more effective against diabetes pathogenesis than IFN-γ receptor deficiency alone. Our studies suggest use of this class of drug for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ge
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Gaurang Jhala
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Stacey Fynch
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Satoru Akazawa
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Sara Litwak
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Evan G Pappas
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Tara Catterall
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Ishan Vakil
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Long
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Lisa M Olson
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Balasubramanian Krishnamurthy
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas W Kay
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen E Thomas
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lv M, Chen M, Zhang R, Zhang W, Wang C, Zhang Y, Wei X, Guan Y, Liu J, Feng K, Jing M, Wang X, Liu YC, Mei Q, Han W, Jiang Z. Manganese is critical for antitumor immune responses via cGAS-STING and improves the efficacy of clinical immunotherapy. Cell Res 2020; 30:966-979. [PMID: 32839553 PMCID: PMC7785004 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell-mediated cancer clearance is often suppressed by the interaction between inhibitory molecules like PD-1 and PD-L1, an interaction acts like brakes to prevent T cell overreaction under normal conditions but is exploited by tumor cells to escape the immune surveillance. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapeutics by removing such brakes. Unfortunately, only a minority of cancer patients respond to immunotherapies presumably due to inadequate immunity. Antitumor immunity depends on the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, as STING-deficient mice fail to stimulate tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs) to activate CD8+ T cells. STING agonists also enhance natural killer (NK) cells to mediate the clearance of CD8+ T cell-resistant tumors. Therefore STING agonists have been intensively sought after. We previously discovered that manganese (Mn) is indispensable for the host defense against cytosolic dsDNA by activating cGAS-STING. Here we report that Mn is also essential in innate immune sensing of tumors and enhances adaptive immune responses against tumors. Mn-insufficient mice had significantly enhanced tumor growth and metastasis, with greatly reduced tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Mechanically, Mn2+ promoted DC and macrophage maturation and tumor-specific antigen presentation, augmented CD8+ T cell differentiation, activation and NK cell activation, and increased memory CD8+ T cells. Combining Mn2+ with immune checkpoint inhibition synergistically boosted antitumor efficacies and reduced the anti-PD-1 antibody dosage required in mice. Importantly, a completed phase 1 clinical trial with the combined regimen of Mn2+ and anti-PD-1 antibody showed promising efficacy, exhibiting type I IFN induction, manageable safety and revived responses to immunotherapy in most patients with advanced metastatic solid tumors. We propose that this combination strategy warrants further clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengze Lv
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (JRI), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meixia Chen
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute for Immunology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (JRI), Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiaoming Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yukun Guan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiejie Liu
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Kaichao Feng
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Miao Jing
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xurui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yun-Cai Liu
- Institute for Immunology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qian Mei
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Bio-therapeutic, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Zhengfan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fagre A, Lewis J, Eckley M, Zhan S, Rocha SM, Sexton NR, Burke B, Geiss B, Peersen O, Kading R, Rovnak J, Ebel GD, Tjalkens RB, Aboellail T, Schountz T. SARS-CoV-2 infection, neuropathogenesis and transmission among deer mice: Implications for reverse zoonosis to New World rodents. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.08.07.241810. [PMID: 32793912 PMCID: PMC7418741 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.07.241810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) emerged in November, 2019 in China and rapidly became pandemic. As with other coronaviruses, a preponderance of evidence suggests the virus originated in horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus spp.) and likely underwent a recombination event in an intermediate host prior to entry into human populations. A significant concern is that SARS-CoV-2 could become established in secondary reservoir hosts outside of Asia. To assess this potential, we challenged deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) with SARS-CoV-2 and found robust virus replication in the upper respiratory tract, lungs and intestines, with detectable viral RNA for up to 21 days in oral swabs and 14 days in lungs. Virus entry into the brain also occurred, likely via gustatory-olfactory-trigeminal pathway with eventual compromise to the blood brain barrier. Despite this, no conspicuous signs of disease were observed and no deer mice succumbed to infection. Expression of several innate immune response genes were elevated in the lungs, notably IFNα, Cxcl10, Oas2, Tbk1 and Pycard. Elevated CD4 and CD8β expression in the lungs was concomitant with Tbx21, IFNγ and IL-21 expression, suggesting a type I inflammatory immune response. Contact transmission occurred from infected to naive deer mice through two passages, showing sustained natural transmission. In the second deer mouse passage, an insertion of 4 amino acids occurred to fixation in the N-terminal domain of the spike protein that is predicted to form a solvent-accessible loop. Subsequent examination of the source virus from BEI Resources indicated the mutation was present at very low levels, demonstrating potent purifying selection for the insert during in vivo passage. Collectively, this work has determined that deer mice are a suitable animal model for the study of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, and that they have the potential to serve as secondary reservoir hosts that could lead to periodic outbreaks of COVID-19 in North America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fagre
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Juliette Lewis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Miles Eckley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Shijun Zhan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Savannah M Rocha
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Nicole R Sexton
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Bradly Burke
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Brian Geiss
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Olve Peersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Rebekah Kading
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Joel Rovnak
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Gregory D Ebel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Ronald B Tjalkens
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Tawfik Aboellail
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Tony Schountz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Catterall T, Fynch S, Kay TWH, Thomas HE, Sutherland APR. IL-17F induces inflammation, dysfunction and cell death in mouse islets. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13077. [PMID: 32753746 PMCID: PMC7403586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69805-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 17 immune responses, typified by the production of the cytokines IL-17A and IL-17F, have been implicated in the development of type 1 diabetes in animal models and human patients, however the underlying pathogenic mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. While previous studies show that IL-17A enhances inflammatory gene expression and cell death in mouse β-cells and human islets, the function of IL-17F in pancreatic β-cells is completely untested to date. Here we show that IL-17F exhibits potent pathogenic effects in mouse β-cell lines and islets. IL-17F signals via the IL-17RA and -RC subunits in β-cells and in combination with other inflammatory cytokines induces expression of chemokine transcripts, suppresses the expression of β-cell identity genes and impairs glucose stimulated insulin secretion. Further IL-17F induces cell death in primary mouse islets. This occurs via Jnk, p38 and NF-κB dependent induction of Nos2 and is completely ablated in the presence of an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor. Together these data indicate that IL-17F possesses similar pathogenic activities to IL-17A in mouse β-cell lines and islets and is likely to be a type 17 associated pathogenic factor in type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara Catterall
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Stacey Fynch
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Thomas W H Kay
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen E Thomas
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew P R Sutherland
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Novais FO, Nguyen BT, Scott P. Granzyme B Inhibition by Tofacitinib Blocks the Pathology Induced by CD8 T Cells in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:575-585. [PMID: 32738245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In cutaneous leishmaniasis, the immune response is not only protective but also mediates immunopathology. We previously found that cytolytic CD8 T cells promote inflammatory responses that are difficult to treat with conventional therapies that target the parasite. Therefore, we hypothesized that inhibiting CD8 T-cell cytotoxicity would reduce disease severity in patients. IL-15 is a potential target for such a treatment because it is highly expressed in human patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions and promotes granzyme B‒dependent CD8 T-cell cytotoxicity. Here we tested whether tofacitinib, which inhibits IL-15 signaling by blocking Jak3, might decrease CD8-dependent pathology. We found that tofacitinib reduced the expression of granzyme B by CD8 T cells in vitro and in vivo systemic and topical treatment, with tofacitinib protecting mice from developing severe cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions. Importantly, tofacitinib treatment did not alter T helper type 1 responses or parasite control. Collectively, our results suggest that host-directed therapies do not need to be limited to autoimmune disorders and that topical tofacitinib application should be considered a strategy for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis disease in combination with antiparasitic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda O Novais
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Current address: Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
| | - Ba T Nguyen
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Phillip Scott
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pritchard GH, Kedl RM, Hunter CA. The evolving role of T-bet in resistance to infection. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 19:398-410. [PMID: 30846856 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The identification of T-bet as a key transcription factor associated with the development of IFNγ-producing CD4+ T cells predicted a crucial role for T-bet in cell-mediated immunity and in resistance to many intracellular infections. This idea was reinforced by initial reports showing that T-bet-deficient mice were more susceptible to pathogens that survived within the lysosomal system of macrophages. However, subsequent studies revealed IFNγ-dependent, T-bet-independent pathways of resistance to diverse classes of microorganisms that occupy other intracellular niches. Consequently, a more complex picture has emerged of how T-bet and the related transcription factor eomesodermin (EOMES) coordinate many facets of the immune response to bona fide pathogens as well as commensals. This article provides an overview of the discovery and evolutionary relationship between T-bet and EOMES and highlights the studies that have uncovered broader functions of T-bet in innate and adaptive immunity and in the development of the effector and memory T cell populations that mediate long-term resistance to infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Harms Pritchard
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ross M Kedl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Allegra A, Musolino C, Tonacci A, Pioggia G, Casciaro M, Gangemi S. Clinico-Biological Implications of Modified Levels of Cytokines in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Possible Therapeutic Role. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020524. [PMID: 32102441 PMCID: PMC7072434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is the main cause of mortality among hematologic diseases in Western nations. B-CLL is correlated with an intense alteration of the immune system. The altered functions of innate immune elements and adaptive immune factors are interconnected in B-CLL and are decisive for its onset, evolution, and therapeutic response. Modifications in the cytokine balance could support the growth of the leukemic clone via a modulation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis, as some cytokines have been reported to be able to affect the life of B-CLL cells in vivo. In this review, we will examine the role played by cytokines in the cellular dynamics of B-CLL patients, interpret the contradictions sometimes present in the literature regarding their action, and evaluate the possibility of manipulating their production in order to intervene in the natural history of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chabab G, Bonnefoy N, Lafont V. IL-21 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1240:73-82. [PMID: 32060889 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38315-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IL-21 is an immunomodulatory cytokine produced by natural killer (NK) cells and T cells that has pleiotropic roles in immune and nonimmune cells. IL-21 can modulate innate and specific immunity activities. It is a potent stimulator of T and natural killer cell-mediated antitumor immunity but also has pro-inflammatory functions in many tissues and is involved in oncogenesis. It is important to understand IL-21 biology in these different situations to ensure the maximal benefit of therapeutic strategies targeting this cytokine. This chapter summarizes IL-21 characteristics and signaling, its role in immune system components, and its use in cancer immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghita Chabab
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Bonnefoy
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie Lafont
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang H, Liu Y, Feng F, Liu G, Feng X, Zhang Z, Xie L, Liu J, Yu Y. Different Effects of Interleukin 21 and Interleukin 15 on In Vitro Expanded CD8+ T Cells Stimulated by Alloantigen. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:3456-3462. [PMID: 31733792 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of IL (interleukin) 21 on CD8+ T cells stimulated by alloantigen in the presence of IL-15 in vitro. METHODS CD8+ T cells sorted with MicroBeads from fresh human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cocultured with antigen-presenting cells derived from HLA-A, -B, and -DR full-mismatched individuals for 9 days without any cytokines, in the presence of IL-15, IL-21, and IL-15 combined with IL-21, respectively. The proliferation and phenotypic characteristics of CD28+ and CD28- subsets were measured after 9 days of culture. RESULTS The proliferation of CD8+ T cells can be promoted either by IL-15 alone or in combination with IL-21 compared with IL-21. Cells expanded in the presence of IL-15 are mainly CD8+CD28- T cells, while those expanded in the presence of IL-15 combined with IL-21 are mostly CD8+CD28+ T cells. In the presence of IL-15, most CD8+CD28+ T cells shifted to CD8+CD28- T cells during the process of proliferation, but In the presence of IL-15 combined with IL-21, CD8+CD28+ T cells didn't shift to CD8+CD28- T cells during proliferation, moreover, CD8+CD28- T cells cannot transform in reverse to CD8+CD28+ T cells. IL-21 combined with IL-15 can promote the expression of granzyme B and perforin in CD8+CD28+ and/or CD8+CD28- T cells compared with IL-15 alone. CONCLUSION IL-21 cannot promote the proliferation of CD8+ T cells under allogeneic stimulation unless combined with IL-15. IL-21 prevents the loss of CD28 molecules caused by IL-15 but cannot promote its re-expression in CD28- T cells. CD8+ T cells expanded by IL-21 combined with IL-15 is characterized by cytotoxic phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu Feng
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihuan Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Feng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zedan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, China; Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lu Xie
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiumin Liu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Khattar M, Baum CE, Schroder P, Breidenbach JD, Haller ST, Chen W, Stepkowski S. Interleukin 21 (IL-21) regulates chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV) in murine heart allograft rejection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225624. [PMID: 31756235 PMCID: PMC6874341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-21 is the most recently discovered common gamma-chain cytokine that promotes persistent T-cell responses in chronic infections, autoimmunity and cancer. However, the therapeutic potential of inhibiting the IL-21-BATF signaling axis, particularly in transplant rejection, remains unclear. We used heart transplant models to examine the effects of IL-21 blockade in prevention of chronic cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) using genetic knock-out and therapeutic approaches. Both wild-type C57BL/6 and IL-21-/- strains acutely rejected Balb/c skin grafts and once immunized with this skin graft, rejected Balb/c heart allografts in an accelerated fashion. However, when transplanted with heart grafts from the class-II major histocompatibility complex mutant, B6bm12 mice; wild-type recipients developed CAV, while IL-21-/- recipients were protected, even at day 100 post-transplant. Similarly, BATF-/- recipients, lacking the transcription factor BATF responsible for IL-21 production, did not develop CAV in B6-bm12 heart allografts. Strikingly, in a transient treatment protocol, the development of CAV in wild-type recipients of B6-bm12 hearts allografts was blocked by the administration of IL-21 receptor fusion protein (R-Fc). Thus, we demonstrate that CAV is regulated at least in part by IL-21 signaling and its blockade by genetic approaches or therapy with IL-21R-Fc prevents CAV in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Khattar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Caitlin E. Baum
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Paul Schroder
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Joshua D. Breidenbach
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Wenhao Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Stanislaw Stepkowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tang L, Chen C, Gao X, Zhang W, Yan X, Zhou Y, Guo L, Zheng X, Wang W, Yang F, Liu G, Sun J, Hou J, Li Y. Interleukin 21 Reinvigorates the Antiviral Activity of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Chronic HBV Infection. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:750-759. [PMID: 30260401 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strategies that target functional recovery of exhausted hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific CD8+ T cells are beneficial for viral control, but the potential for interleukin 21 (IL-21) to rescue CD8+ T-cell function is not well understood. METHODS We investigated the effect of IL-21 on CD8+ T-cell responses by phenotypic and functional analysis of samples from patients with chronic HBV infection and a mouse model with HBV expression. RESULTS IL-21 promoted the proliferative capacity of HBV-specific CD8+ T cells and down-regulated expression of the inhibitory receptors programmed death 1 and T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3. Additionally, IL-21 boosted the production of interferon-γ, granzyme B, and CD107a in HBV-specific CD8+ T cells and enhanced the cytolytic activity of CD8+ T cells against HepG2.2.15 cells. Notably, an HBV mouse model established from IL-21 receptor knockout mice showed significantly decreased frequency of HBV-specific CD8+ T cells and increased levels of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Meanwhile, administration of recombinant mouse IL-21 in an HBV mouse model established from wild-type mice resulted in enhanced functionality of HBV-specific CD8+ T cells and accelerated HBsAg clearance. CONCLUSIONS IL-21 enhances the antiviral effect of HBV-specific CD8+ T cells, suggesting that it may contribute to viral clearance in chronic HBV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libo Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengcong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueping Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinchun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuqiang Yang
- Liver Disease Research Center, 458th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangze Liu
- Liver Disease Research Center, 458th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gotthardt D, Trifinopoulos J, Sexl V, Putz EM. JAK/STAT Cytokine Signaling at the Crossroad of NK Cell Development and Maturation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2590. [PMID: 31781102 PMCID: PMC6861185 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes of the innate immune system and play a critical role in anti-viral and anti-tumor responses. NK cells develop in the bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that differentiate through common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) to NK lineage-restricted progenitors (NKPs). The orchestrated action of multiple cytokines is crucial for NK cell development and maturation. Many of these cytokines such as IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, IL-15, IL-21, IL-27, and interferons (IFNs) signal via the Janus Kinase / Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway. We here review the current knowledge about these cytokines and the downstream signaling involved in the development and maturation of conventional NK cells and their close relatives, innate lymphoid cells type 1 (ILC1). We further discuss the role of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins in NK cells and highlight their potential for therapeutic application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Gotthardt
- Department for Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Trifinopoulos
- Department for Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Department for Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Maria Putz
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
IL-21 regulates SOCS1 expression in autoreactive CD8 + T cells but is not required for acquisition of CTL activity in the islets of non-obese diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15302. [PMID: 31653894 PMCID: PMC6814838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In type 1 diabetes, maturation of activated autoreactive CD8+ T cells to fully armed effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) occurs within the islet. At present the signals required for the maturation process are poorly defined. Cytokines could potentially provide the necessary "third signal" required to generate fully mature CTL capable of killing insulin-producing β-cells. To determine whether autoreactive CTL within islets respond to cytokines we generated non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with a reporter for cytokine signalling. These mice express a reporter gene, hCD4, under the control of the endogenous regulatory elements for suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS)1, which is itself regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. In NOD mice, the hCD4 reporter was expressed in infiltrated islets and the expression level was positively correlated with the frequency of infiltrating CD45+ cells. SOCS1 reporter expression was induced in transferred β-cell-specific CD8+ 8.3T cells upon migration from pancreatic draining lymph nodes into islets. To determine which cytokines induced SOCS1 promoter activity in islets, we examined hCD4 reporter expression and CTL maturation in the absence of the cytokine receptors IFNAR1 or IL-21R. We show that IFNAR1 deficiency does not confer protection from diabetes in 8.3 TCR transgenic mice, nor is IFNAR1 signalling required for SOCS1 reporter upregulation or CTL maturation in islets. In contrast, IL-21R-deficient 8.3 mice have reduced diabetes incidence and reduced SOCS1 reporter activity in islet CTLs. However IL-21R deficiency did not affect islet CD8+ T cell proliferation or expression of granzyme B or IFNγ. Together these data indicate that autoreactive CD8+ T cells respond to IL-21 and not type I IFNs in the islets of NOD mice, but neither IFNAR1 nor IL-21R are required for islet intrinsic CTL maturation.
Collapse
|
26
|
Adoptive Transfer of Interleukin-21-stimulated Human CD8+ T Memory Stem Cells Efficiently Inhibits Tumor Growth. J Immunother 2019; 41:274-283. [PMID: 29864078 PMCID: PMC6012057 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Memory stem T (TSCM) cells, a new subset of memory T cells with self-renewal and multipotent capacities, are considered as a promising candidates for adoptive cellular therapy. However, the low proportion of human TSCM cells in total CD8+ T cells limits their utility. Here, we aimed to induce human CD8+ TSCM cells by stimulating naive precursors with interleukin-21 (IL-21). We found that IL-21 promoted the generation of TSCM cells, described as CD45RA+CD45RO−CD62L+CCR7+CD122+CD95+ cells, with a higher efficiency than that observed with other common γ-chain cytokines. Upon adoptive transfer into an A375 melanoma mouse model, these lymphocytes mediated much stronger antitumor responses. Further mechanistic analysis revealed that IL-21 activated the Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway by upregulating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation and consequently promoting the expression of T-bet and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1, but decreasing the expression of eomesodermin and GATA binding protein 3. Our findings provide novel insights into the generation of human CD8+ TSCM cells and reveal a novel potential clinical application of IL-21.
Collapse
|
27
|
van Besouw NM, Yan L, de Kuiper R, Klepper M, Reijerkerk D, Dieterich M, Roelen DL, Claas FHJ, Clahsen-van Groningen MC, Hesselink DA, Baan CC. The Number of Donor-Specific IL-21 Producing Cells Before and After Transplantation Predicts Kidney Graft Rejection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:748. [PMID: 31024571 PMCID: PMC6465545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-21 supports induction and expansion of CD8+ T cells, and can also regulate the differentiation of B cells into antibody-producing plasma cells. We questioned whether the number of circulating donor-specific IL-21 producing cells (pc) can predict kidney transplant rejection, and evaluated this in two different patient cohorts. The first analysis was done on pre-transplantation samples of 35 kidney transplant recipients of whom 15 patients developed an early acute rejection. The second study concerned peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from 46 patients obtained at 6 months after kidney transplantation of whom 13 developed late rejection. Significantly higher frequencies of donor-specific IL-21 pc were found by Elispot assay in both patients who developed early and late rejection compared to those without rejection. In addition, low frequencies of donor-specific IL-21 pc were associated with higher rejection-free survival. Moreover, low pre-transplant donor-specific IL-21 pc numbers were associated with the absence of anti-HLA antibodies. Donor-reactive IL-21 was mainly produced by CD4+ T cells, including CD4+ follicular T helper cells. In conclusion, the number of donor-specific IL-21 pc is associated with an increased risk of both early and late rejection, giving it the potential to be a new biomarker in kidney transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M van Besouw
- The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lin Yan
- The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ronella de Kuiper
- The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mariska Klepper
- The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Derek Reijerkerk
- The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Dieterich
- The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dave L Roelen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frans H J Claas
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marian C Clahsen-van Groningen
- The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dennis A Hesselink
- The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- The Rotterdam Transplant Group, Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dwyer CJ, Knochelmann HM, Smith AS, Wyatt MM, Rangel Rivera GO, Arhontoulis DC, Bartee E, Li Z, Rubinstein MP, Paulos CM. Fueling Cancer Immunotherapy With Common Gamma Chain Cytokines. Front Immunol 2019; 10:263. [PMID: 30842774 PMCID: PMC6391336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell transfer therapy (ACT) using tumor infiltrating lymphocytes or lymphocytes redirected with antigen receptors (CAR or TCR) has revolutionized the field of cancer immunotherapy. Although CAR T cell therapy mediates robust responses in patients with hematological malignancies, this approach has been less effective for treating patients with solid tumors. Additionally, toxicities post T cell infusion highlight the need for safer ACT protocols. Current protocols traditionally expand T lymphocytes isolated from patient tumors or from peripheral blood to large magnitudes in the presence of high dose IL-2 prior to infusion. Unfortunately, this expansion protocol differentiates T cells to a full effector or terminal phenotype in vitro, consequently reducing their long-term survival and antitumor effectiveness in vivo. Post-infusion, T cells face further obstacles limiting their persistence and function within the suppressive tumor microenvironment. Therapeutic manipulation of T cells with common γ chain cytokines, which are critical growth factors for T cells, may be the key to bypass such immunological hurdles. Herein, we discuss the primary functions of the common γ chain cytokines impacting T cell survival and memory and then elaborate on how these distinct cytokines have been used to augment T cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Connor J Dwyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Hannah M Knochelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Aubrey S Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Megan M Wyatt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Guillermo O Rangel Rivera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Dimitrios C Arhontoulis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Eric Bartee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Mark P Rubinstein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Chrystal M Paulos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wu K, Zhao H, Xiu Y, Li Z, Zhao J, Xie S, Zeng H, Zhang H, Yu L, Xu B. IL-21-mediated expansion of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells is limited by the Tim-3 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 69:136-142. [PMID: 30708194 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are the main γδ T subset in the peripheral blood and lymphoid organs. Previous studies have shown that Vγ9Vδ2 T cells could expand in the presence of phosphoantigens and IL-2 and exert antitumor functions. However, their potency was limited because sustained proliferation could not be achieved, possibly due to exhaustion caused by prolonged antigenic stimulation. In this study, we examined the proliferative response of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells to IL-21, a cytokine previously shown to promote NK cell and CD8 T cell cytotoxicity. We found that IL-21 could significantly improve the proliferation of phosphoantigen-stimulated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, the efficacy of IL-21 was significantly reduced. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells from AML patients exhibited lower expression of IL-21R, and required higher levels of IL-21 for expansion. IL-21-treated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells from AML patients presented lower increase in STAT1 phosphorylation than Vγ9Vδ2 T cells from healthy volunteers. Interestingly, AML Vγ9Vδ2 T cells presented significantly higher Tim-3 expression than healthy Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. IL-21 treatment further induced Tim-3 upregulation. Blocking Tim-3 increased the proliferation and the STAT phosphorylation in Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in response to IL-21. Together, these results demonstrated that IL-21 could significantly expand the Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, but its efficacy was limited since it also increased the expression of checkpoint molecule Tim-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangni Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, P.R. China
| | - Haijun Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, P.R. China
| | - Yanghui Xiu
- Eye Institute and Xiamen Eye Center Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen 361001, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, P.R. China
| | - Jintao Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, P.R. China
| | - Shiting Xie
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, P.R. China
| | - Hanyan Zeng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, P.R. China
| | - Haiping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China.
| | - Lian Yu
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Longyan First Hospital, Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan 364000, P.R. China.
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Seo H, Kim BS, Bae EA, Min BS, Han YD, Shin SJ, Kang CY. IL21 Therapy Combined with PD-1 and Tim-3 Blockade Provides Enhanced NK Cell Antitumor Activity against MHC Class I-Deficient Tumors. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:685-695. [PMID: 29615398 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased expression of coinhibitory molecules such as PD-1 and Tim-3 on NK cells has been demonstrated in advanced cancer patients who harbor MHC class I-deficient tumors. However, even in preclinical models, the antitumor effects of checkpoint blockade on NK cells have not been clearly elucidated. Here, we show that anti-PD-1/anti-Tim-3 treatment suppressed tumor progression in mice bearing MHC class I-deficient tumors, and the suppression was further enhanced by recombinant IL21 (rIL21) treatments through an NK-cell-dependent mechanism. We also show that the intratumoral delivery of rIL21 attracted NK cells to the tumor site in a CXCR3-dependent fashion. A combination of IL21 and checkpoint blockade facilitated the effector function of exhausted NK cells in cancer patients. Given the effects of the checkpoint blockade and rIL21 combination on NK cells infiltrating into MHC class I-deficient tumors, we suggest that the efficacy of checkpoint blockade can be enhanced through the administration of IL21 for advanced cancer patients with MHC class I-low/deficient tumors. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(6); 685-95. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyungseok Seo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Seok Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Bae
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Soh Min
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Dae Han
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yuil Kang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
McCormack SE, Cruz CRY, Wright KE, Powell AB, Lang H, Trimble C, Keller MD, Fuchs E, Bollard CM. Human papilloma virus-specific T cells can be generated from naïve T cells for use as an immunotherapeutic strategy for immunocompromised patients. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:385-393. [PMID: 29331266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a known cause of cervical cancer, squamous cell carcinoma and laryngeal cancer. Although treatments exist for HPV-associated malignancies, patients unresponsive to these therapies have a poor prognosis. Recent findings from vaccine studies suggest that T-cell immunity is essential for disease control. Because Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-specific T cells have been highly successful in treating or preventing EBV-associated tumors, we hypothesized that the development of a manufacturing platform for HPV-specific T cells from healthy donors could be used in a third-party setting to treat patients with high-risk/relapsed HPV-associated cancers. Most protocols for generating virus-specific T cells require prior exposure of the donor to the targeted virus and, because the seroprevalence of high-risk HPV types varies greatly by age and ethnicity, manufacturing of donor-derived HPV-specific T cells has proven challenging. We, therefore, made systematic changes to our current Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant protocols to improve antigen presentation, priming and expansion for the manufacture of high-efficacy HPV-specific T cells. Like others, we found that current methodologies fail to expand HPV-specific T cells from most healthy donors. By optimizing dendritic cell maturation and function with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)γ, adding interleukin (IL)-21 during priming and depleting memory T cells, we achieved reliable expansion of T cells specific for oncoproteins E6 and E7 to clinically relevant amounts (mean, 578-fold expansion; n = 10), which were polyfunctional based on cytokine multiplex analysis. In the third-party setting, such HPV-specific T-cell products might serve as a potent salvage therapy for patients with HPV-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E McCormack
- Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Conrad Russell Y Cruz
- Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Sheikh Zayed Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kaylor E Wright
- Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Sheikh Zayed Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Allison B Powell
- Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Sheikh Zayed Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Haili Lang
- Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cornelia Trimble
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael D Keller
- Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ephraim Fuchs
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Sheikh Zayed Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Clark M, Kroger CJ, Tisch RM. Type 1 Diabetes: A Chronic Anti-Self-Inflammatory Response. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1898. [PMID: 29312356 PMCID: PMC5743904 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is typically induced in response to a microbial infection. The release of proinflammatory cytokines enhances the stimulatory capacity of antigen-presenting cells, as well as recruits adaptive and innate immune effectors to the site of infection. Once the microbe is cleared, inflammation is resolved by various mechanisms to avoid unnecessary tissue damage. Autoimmunity arises when aberrant immune responses target self-tissues causing inflammation. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), T cells attack the insulin producing β cells in the pancreatic islets. Genetic and environmental factors increase T1D risk by in part altering central and peripheral tolerance inducing events. This results in the development and expansion of β cell-specific effector T cells (Teff) which mediate islet inflammation. Unlike protective immunity where inflammation is terminated, autoimmunity is sustained by chronic inflammation. In this review, we will highlight the key events which initiate and sustain T cell-driven pancreatic islet inflammation in nonobese diabetic mice and in human T1D. Specifically, we will discuss: (i) dysregulation of thymic selection events, (ii) the role of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that enhance the expansion and pathogenicity of Teff, (iii) defects which impair homeostasis and suppressor activity of FoxP3-expressing regulatory T cells, and (iv) properties of β cells which contribute to islet inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Clark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Charles J Kroger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Roland M Tisch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hemmi M, Tachibana M, Fujimoto N, Shoji M, Sakurai F, Kobiyama K, Ishii KJ, Akira S, Mizuguchi H. T Helper 17 Promotes Induction of Antigen-Specific Gut-Mucosal Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes following Adenovirus Vector Vaccination. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1456. [PMID: 29163524 PMCID: PMC5681732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Few current vaccines can establish antigen (Ag)-specific immune responses in both mucosal and systemic compartments. Therefore, development of vaccines providing defense against diverse infectious agents in both compartments is of high priority in global health. Intramuscular vaccination of an adenovirus vector (Adv) has been shown to induce Ag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in both systemic and gut-mucosal compartments. We previously found that type I interferon (IFN) signaling is required for induction of gut-mucosal, but not systemic, CTLs following vaccination; however, the molecular mechanism involving type I IFN signaling remains unknown. Here, we found that T helper 17 (Th17)-polarizing cytokine expression was down-regulated in the inguinal lymph nodes (iLNs) of Ifnar2−/− mice, resulting in the reduction of Ag-specific Th17 cells in the iLNs and gut mucosa of the mice. We also found that prior transfer of Th17 cells reversed the decrease in the number of Ag-specific gut-mucosal CTLs in Ifnar2−/− mice following Adv vaccination. Additionally, prior transfer of Th17 cells into wild-type mice enhanced the induction of Ag-specific CTLs in the gut mucosa, but not in systemic compartments, suggesting a gut mucosa-specific mechanism where Th17 cells regulate the magnitude of vaccine-elicited Ag-specific CTL responses. These data suggest that Th17 cells translate systemic type I IFN signaling into a gut-mucosal CTL response following vaccination, which could promote the development of promising Adv vaccines capable of establishing both systemic and gut-mucosal protective immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahisa Hemmi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Tachibana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Natsuki Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Shoji
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sakurai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Regulatory Sciences for Oligonucleotide Therapeutics, Clinical Drug Development Unit, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kouji Kobiyama
- Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, World Premier International Research Center Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, World Premier International Research Center Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, World Premier International Research Center Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Host Defense, The Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,iPS Cell-Based Research Project on Hepatic Toxicity and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Hepatocyte Regulation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rydén AK, Perdue NR, Pagni PP, Gibson CB, Ratliff SS, Kirk RK, Friesen TJ, Haase C, Coppieters K, von Herrath MG, Boursalian TE. Anti-IL-21 monoclonal antibody combined with liraglutide effectively reverses established hyperglycemia in mouse models of type 1 diabetes. J Autoimmun 2017; 84:65-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
35
|
Mirault T, Guillet H, Messas E. Immune response in Takayasu arteritis. Presse Med 2017; 46:e189-e196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
|
36
|
Seo H, Jeon I, Kim BS, Park M, Bae EA, Song B, Koh CH, Shin KS, Kim IK, Choi K, Oh T, Min J, Min BS, Han YD, Kang SJ, Shin SJ, Chung Y, Kang CY. IL-21-mediated reversal of NK cell exhaustion facilitates anti-tumour immunity in MHC class I-deficient tumours. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15776. [PMID: 28585539 PMCID: PMC5467212 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During cancer immunoediting, loss of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) in neoplasm contributes to the evasion of tumours from host immune system. Recent studies have demonstrated that most natural killer (NK) cells that are found in advanced cancers are defective, releasing the malignant MHC-I-deficient tumours from NK-cell-dependent immune control. Here, we show that a natural killer T (NKT)-cell-ligand-loaded tumour-antigen expressing antigen-presenting cell (APC)-based vaccine effectively eradicates these advanced tumours. During this process, we find that the co-expression of Tim-3 and PD-1 marks functionally exhausted NK cells in advanced tumours and that MHC-I downregulation in tumours is closely associated with the induction of NK-cell exhaustion in both tumour-bearing mice and cancer patients. Furthermore, the recovery of NK-cell function by IL-21 is critical for the anti-tumour effects of the vaccine against advanced tumours. These results reveal the process involved in the induction of NK-cell dysfunction in advanced cancers and provide a guidance for the development of strategies for cancer immunotherapy. Loss of major histocompatibility complex MHC-I expression contributes to cancer immune evasion. Here, the authors show that, in both mice and humans, MHC-I downregulation is associated with the induction of NK-cell exhaustion and that IL-21 restores NK-cell function and inhibits tumours progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyungseok Seo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Insu Jeon
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Seok Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghwan Park
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Bae
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyeong Song
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Koh
- Laboratory of Immunology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Kyu Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immunology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Taegwon Oh
- Cellid, Inc., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoun Min
- Department of Biological Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Soh Min
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Dae Han
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Jo Kang
- Department of Biological Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yuil Kang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immunology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Cellid, Inc., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dai YJ, Hui KM, Zhang YH, Liu Y, Wang YQ, Zhao LJ, Lin L, Chai LQ, Wei S, Lan JF. Three STATs are involved in the regulation of the expression of antimicrobial peptides in the triangle sail mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 63:181-188. [PMID: 28214598 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinase (Jak) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway is associated in antiviral and antibacterial immune response. Previous studies primarily investigated the function of STATs in mammals. For most invertebrates, only one STAT was found in each species, such as STAT92E was found in Drosophila melanogaster. The studies, which focus on the functional difference between various STATs in the same species of invertebrate, are limited. In the present study, three STATs (HcSTAT1, HcSTAT2 and HcSTAT3) were identified in triangle shell pearl mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii. Phylogenetic analysis showed that HcSTAT1 and HcSTAT3 were clustered with Homo sapiens STAT5, and HcSTAT2 was clustered with Pinctada fucata STAT and Crassostea gigas STAT6. All three STATs could be detected in all tested tissues (hemocytes, hepatopancreas, gill, mantle and foot), and were induced expression when challenged with Staphylococcus aureus or Aeromonas hydrophilia in hemocytes and hepatopancreas. HcSTAT1 regulated the expression of HcDef, HcWAP, HcThe and HcTNF. The expression of HcWAP and HcTNF was down-regulated in HcSTAT2-RNAi mussel. And HcSTAT3 affected the expression of HcTNF. The study is the first report of different functions in antibacterial immune responses between STATs in mollusks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jia Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Research Center for Marine Biology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kai-Min Hui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ying-Hao Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Research Center for Marine Biology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Research Center for Marine Biology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu-Qing Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Research Center for Marine Biology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Research Center for Marine Biology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Research Center for Marine Biology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Lian-Qin Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Shun Wei
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Research Center for Marine Biology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jiang-Feng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Research Center for Marine Biology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou 510380, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lu C, Talukder A, Savage NM, Singh N, Liu K. JAK-STAT-mediated chronic inflammation impairs cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation to decrease anti-PD-1 immunotherapy efficacy in pancreatic cancer. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1291106. [PMID: 28405527 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1291106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pancreatic cancer does not respond to immune check point blockade immunotherapy. One key feature of pancreatic cancer is the association between its progression and chronic inflammation. Emerging evidence supports a key role for the JAK-STAT pathway in pancreatic cancer inflammation. We aimed at testing the hypothesis that sustained JAK-STAT signaling suppresses cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation to counteract anti-PD-1 immunotherapy-induced CTL activity in pancreatic cancer. We show that human pancreatic carcinomas express high level of PD-L1 and exhibit low level of CTL infiltration. JAK-STAT inhibitor Ruxolitinib selectively inhibits STAT1 and STAT3 activation and increases CTL infiltration to induce a Tc1/Th1 immune response in the tumor microenvironment in an orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse model. Ruxilitinib-mediated tumor suppressive efficacy diminishes in T-cell-deficient mice. Pancreatic tumor grows significantly faster in IFNγ-deficient mice. However, neutralizing IFNγ does not alter tumor growth but diminishes Ruxolitinib-induced tumor suppression in vivo, indicating that lymphocytes and IFNγ are essential for Ruxolitinib-induced host antitumor immune response. Both type I and type II interferons upregulate PD-L1 expression through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in mouse pancreatic tumor cells. Tumor cells respond to activated T cells by activating STAT3. The inhibition of STAT3 downregulates immune suppressive cytokines production by tumor cells, resulting in increased T cell activation and effector function. Consequently, Ruxolitinib significantly improves the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Our data demonstrate that Ruxolitinib is effective in the inhibition of systemic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment and therefore upregulates CTL infiltration and activation to overcome pancreatic cancer resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunwan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Asif Talukder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Surgery, Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Nagendra Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Goswami R, Kaplan M. STAT Transcription Factors in T Cell Control of Health and Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 331:123-180. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
40
|
Shapiro M, Nandi B, Gonzalez G, Prabhala RH, Mashimo H, Huang Q, Frank NY, Munshi NC, Gold JS. Deficiency of the immunostimulatory cytokine IL-21 promotes intestinal neoplasia via dysregulation of the Th1/Th17 axis. Oncoimmunology 2016; 6:e1261776. [PMID: 28197386 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1261776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-21 has reported activity in promoting both Th1 and Th17 immune responses. Its role in sporadic human colorectal cancer is unknown. We aimed to delineate the role of IL-21 in a model of sporadic intestinal carcinogenesis. We found that in APCMIN/+ mice, ablation of IL-21 increased intestinal tumorigenesis. Expression of pro-inflammatory Th17-associated genes, including RORγt and IL-17A, was increased in the intestine in the absence of IL-21, while expression of antitumor Th1-associated genes Tbet, IFNγ, granzyme B, and perforin was decreased. Similarly, the IL-21-deficient APCMIN/+ mouse intestines had fewer infiltrating T cells as well as decreased effector memory T cells, NK cells, and granzyme B-expressing cells. Finally, our data suggest that IL-21 impairs Th17 immune responses as mesenteric lymph nodes from IL-21-deficient mice had increased IL-17A expression, and naive helper T cells from IL-21-deficient mice were more prone to differentiate into IL-17A-secreting cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Shapiro
- Research Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bisweswar Nandi
- Research Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel Gonzalez
- Research Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rao H Prabhala
- Research Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Mashimo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Medicine Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qin Huang
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Pathology Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| | - Natasha Y Frank
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Medicine Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Medicine Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| | - Jason S Gold
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Surgery Services, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tian Y, Sette A, Weiskopf D. Cytotoxic CD4 T Cells: Differentiation, Function, and Application to Dengue Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2016; 7:531. [PMID: 28003809 PMCID: PMC5141332 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) has spread through most tropical and subtropical areas of the world and represents a serious public health problem. The control of DENV infection has not yet been fully successful due to lack of effective therapeutics or vaccines. Nevertheless, a better understanding of the immune responses against DENV infection may reveal new strategies for eliciting and improving antiviral immunity. T cells provide protective immunity against various viral infections by generating effector cells that cooperate to eliminate antigens and memory cells that can survive for long periods with enhanced abilities to control recurring pathogens. Following activation, CD8 T cells can migrate to sites of infection and kill infected cells, whereas CD4 T cells contribute to the elimination of pathogens by trafficking to infected tissues and providing help to innate immune responses, B cells, as well as CD8 T cells. However, it is now evident that CD4 T cells can also perform cytotoxic functions and induce the apoptosis of target cells. Importantly, accumulating studies demonstrate that cytotoxic CD4 T cells develop following DENV infections and may play a crucial role in protecting the host from severe dengue disease. We review our current understanding of the differentiation and function of cytotoxic CD4 T cells, with a focus on DENV infection, and discuss the potential of harnessing these cells for the prevention and treatment of DENV infection and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology , La Jolla, CA , USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology , La Jolla, CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Roberts ER, Carnathan DG, Li H, Shaw GM, Silvestri G, Betts MR. Collapse of Cytolytic Potential in SIV-Specific CD8+ T Cells Following Acute SIV Infection in Rhesus Macaques. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006135. [PMID: 28036372 PMCID: PMC5231392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor maintenance of cytotoxic factor expression among HIV-specific CD8+ T cells, in part caused by dysregulated expression of the transcription factor T-bet, is associated with HIV disease progression. However, the precise evolution and context in which CD8+ T cell cytotoxic functions become dysregulated in HIV infection remain unclear. Using the rhesus macaque (RM) SIV infection model, we evaluated the kinetics of SIV-specific CD8+ T cell cytolytic factor expression in peripheral blood, lymph node, spleen, and gut mucosa from early acute infection through chronic infection. We identified rapid acquisition of perforin and granzyme B expression in SIV-specific CD8+ T cells in blood, secondary lymphoid tissues and gut mucosa that collapsed rapidly during the transition to chronic infection. The evolution of this expression profile was linked to low expression of T-bet and occurred independent of epitope specificity, viral escape patterns and tissue origin. Importantly, during acute infection SIV-specific CD8+ T cells that maintained T-bet expression retained the ability to express granzyme B after stimulation, but this relationship was lost in chronic infection. Together, these data demonstrate the loss of cytolytic machinery in SIV-specific CD8+ T cells in blood and at tissue sites of viral reservoir and active replication during the transition from acute to chronic infection. This phenomenon occurs despite persistent high levels of viremia suggesting that an inability to maintain properly regulated cytotoxic T cell responses in all tissue sites enables HIV/SIV to avoid immune clearance, establish persistent viral reservoirs in lymphoid tissues and gut mucosa, and lead ultimately to immunopathogenesis and death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Roberts
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Biomedical Graduate Studies in Immunology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Diane G. Carnathan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - George M. Shaw
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Betts
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cai CW, Blase JR, Zhang X, Eickhoff CS, Hoft DF. Th17 Cells Are More Protective Than Th1 Cells Against the Intracellular Parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005902. [PMID: 27695083 PMCID: PMC5047564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 cells are a subset of CD4+ T cells known to play a central role in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases, as well as in the defense against some extracellular bacteria and fungi. However, Th17 cells are not believed to have a significant function against intracellular infections. In contrast to this paradigm, we have discovered that Th17 cells provide robust protection against Trypanosoma cruzi, the intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. Th17 cells confer significantly stronger protection against T. cruzi-related mortality than even Th1 cells, traditionally thought to be the CD4+ T cell subset most important for immunity to T. cruzi and other intracellular microorganisms. Mechanistically, Th17 cells can directly protect infected cells through the IL-17A-dependent induction of NADPH oxidase, involved in the phagocyte respiratory burst response, and provide indirect help through IL-21-dependent activation of CD8+ T cells. The discovery of these novel Th17 cell-mediated direct protective and indirect helper effects important for intracellular immunity highlights the diversity of Th17 cell roles, and increases understanding of protective T. cruzi immunity, aiding the development of therapeutics and vaccines for Chagas disease. Chronic infection with the intracellular parasite Trypanosoma cruzi results in Chagas disease, an illness endemic in more than 20 countries that leads to life-threatening cardiac and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Although CD4+ Th1 cells are known to be protective against T. cruzi infection, less is known about the role of other CD4+ T cell subsets. We demonstrate that CD4+ Th17 cells are also highly protective against T. cruzi infection, even outperforming Th1 cells in protection from T. cruzi-related death, despite the standard conception that Th17 cells are only important in the defense against extracellular pathogens. The novel discovery that Th17 cells are significantly more protective than Th1 cells against T. cruzi infection has increased our understanding of the advantageous immune responses for this major human pathogen, and may guide future efforts toward vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine W. Cai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Blase
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher S. Eickhoff
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel F. Hoft
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yajima K, Oikawa Y, Ogata K, Hashiguchi A, Shimada A. CD4 + T cell-dominant insulitis in acute-onset Type 1 diabetes mellitus associated with intraductal papillary mucinous adenoma. Endocr J 2016; 63:841-847. [PMID: 27385564 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej16-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is presumably the result of a T cell-mediated process. In general, CD8+ T cells are the predominant lymphocytes in the insulitis lesions, and CD4+ T cell-dominant insulitis is very rare. We present a case of a 72-year-old woman presented with excessive thirst and a 3-month history of weight loss. She was in a state of ketosis, and her plasma glucose concentration and HbA1c value were elevated. Moreover, anti-islet autoantibodies were positive, thus acute-onset Type 1 DM was diagnosed. At the time of diagnosis, a tumour was detected in the pancreas; total pancreatectomy was carried out 2 months later. The pathological diagnosis was intraductal papillary mucinous adenoma. Immunohistochemical staining of a sample of non-tumorous pancreatic tissue revealed 13 insulitis lesions infiltrated by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and interestingly there were more CD4+ T cells than CD8+ T cells in the lesions. Moreover, B cells and macrophages had also infiltrated the lesions, and these two cell frequencies were both positively correlated with CD4+ as well as CD8+ T cell frequencies. This was a rare case with acute-onset Type 1 DM characterized by CD4+ T cell-dominant insulitis. Proinflammatory cytokines that can promote β-cell apoptosis or CD8+ T cell function are reported to be secreted from CD4+ T cells. Thus, together with B cells and macrophages, CD4+ T cell-associated immune responses may have, directly and/or indirectly, played a role in the pathogenesis of the Type 1 DM in this patient.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/complications
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/immunology
- Age of Onset
- Aged
- Autoantibodies/blood
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/complications
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/complications
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Insulin/blood
- Insulin/deficiency
- Islets of Langerhans/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/complications
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Yajima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Tachikawa Hospital, Tachikawa 190-8531, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tian Y, Zajac AJ. IL-21 and T Cell Differentiation: Consider the Context. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:557-568. [PMID: 27389961 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies demonstrate that IL-21 modulates the differentiation of various CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets and provide insights into the underlying cellular and molecular processes that are influenced by this cytokine. Intriguingly, the effects of IL-21 on T cells can be complex and vary depending on the experimental system used. We review our current understanding of the roles of IL-21 in the generation of phenotypically distinct CD4 and CD8 T cell populations and discuss the potential environmental cues, cellular factors, and molecular mediators that impact the actions of IL-21. We propose that IL-21 acts in a context-dependent manner to accentuate T cell subset development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2170, USA
| | - Allan J Zajac
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2170, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tavakolpour S. Interleukin 21 as a new possible player in pemphigus: Is it a suitable target? Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 34:139-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
47
|
Abstract
IL-21 is a type I cytokine produced by T cells and natural killer T cells that has pleiotropic actions on a wide range of immune and non-immune cell types. Since its discovery in 2000, extensive studies on the biological actions of IL-21 have been performed in vitro and in vivo. Recent reports describing patients with primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations of IL21 or IL21R have further deepened our knowledge of the role of this cytokine in host defense. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that mediate IL-21's actions has provided the rationale for targeting IL-21 and IL-21 downstream mediators for therapeutic purposes. The use of next-generation sequencing technology has provided further insights into the complexity of IL-21 signaling and has identified transcription factors and co-factors involved in mediating the actions of this cytokine. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the biology and signaling of IL-21 and how this knowledge can be potentially translated into clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethseda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Chi-Keung Wan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethseda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Biological effects of IL-21 on different immune cells and its role in autoimmune diseases. Immunobiology 2016; 221:357-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
49
|
Tian Y, Cox MA, Kahan SM, Ingram JT, Bakshi RK, Zajac AJ. A Context-Dependent Role for IL-21 in Modulating the Differentiation, Distribution, and Abundance of Effector and Memory CD8 T Cell Subsets. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2153-66. [PMID: 26826252 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The activation of naive CD8 T cells typically results in the formation of effector cells (TE) as well as phenotypically distinct memory cells that are retained over time. Memory CD8 T cells can be further subdivided into central memory, effector memory (TEM), and tissue-resident memory (TRM) subsets, which cooperate to confer immunological protection. Using mixed bone marrow chimeras and adoptive transfer studies in which CD8 T cells either do or do not express IL-21R, we discovered that under homeostatic or lymphopenic conditions IL-21 acts directly on CD8 T cells to favor the accumulation of TE/TEM populations. The inability to perceive IL-21 signals under competitive conditions also resulted in lower levels of TRM phenotype cells and reduced expression of granzyme B in the small intestine. IL-21 differentially promoted the expression of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 and the integrin α4β7 on CD8 T cells primed in vitro and on circulating CD8 T cells in the mixed bone marrow chimeras. The requirement for IL-21 to establish CD8 TE/TEM and TRM subsets was overcome by acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection; nevertheless, memory virus-specific CD8 T cells remained dependent on IL-21 for optimal accumulation in lymphopenic environments. Overall, this study reveals a context-dependent role for IL-21 in sustaining effector phenotype CD8 T cells and influencing their migratory properties, accumulation, and functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Maureen A Cox
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Shannon M Kahan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jennifer T Ingram
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Rakesh K Bakshi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Allan J Zajac
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fan R, Lan Y, Chen J, Huang Y, Yan Q, Jiang L, Song S, Li Y. T-bet expression in CD8+ T cells associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Virol J 2016; 13:14. [PMID: 26809262 PMCID: PMC4727400 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms leading to virus-specific CD8+ T cell dysfuction in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remain to be elucidated. Our study focused on the role of transcription factor T-bet in HBV infection because it is a crucial regulator of T cell immunity. Methods We assessed the expression of T-bet along with PD-1, IFN-γ and perforin, in HBV-specific CD8+ T cells from resolved acute hepatitis B (rAHB) patients, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, as well as asymptomatic HBV carriers (ASCs). We observed dynamic changes of T-bet, PD-1, IFN-γ and perforin in acute stage and recovery stage of acute hepatitis B (AHB). Results Comparing with other cohorts, HBV-specific CD8+ T cells from rAHB demonstrated a superior ability in T-bet, IFN-γ and perforin expression, but an inferior ability in PD-1 expression. In the CHB group, the level of T-bet has a linear relationship with the level of PD-1, IFN-γ and HBV DNA, respectively. A lower expression of T-bet and PD-1 was observed in ASCs when compared with CHB. A higher expression of T-bet, PD-1, IFN-r and perforin was observed in acute stage when compared with the recovery stage of AHB. Conclusions Our results suggest that expression of T-bet may influence the function of HBV-specific CD8+ T cells and thus can be an attractive target for modulation to improve HBV-specific immunity in CHB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongshan Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Post Street 23rd, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yinghua Lan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Post Street 23rd, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiwang Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Daqing City, Daqing City, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanxin Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Post Street 23rd, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Post Street 23rd, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lisheng Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Post Street 23rd, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shupeng Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Post Street 23rd, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongguo Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Post Street 23rd, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|