1
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Hernández-Barrientos D, Pelayo R, Mayani H. The hematopoietic microenvironment: a network of niches for the development of all blood cell lineages. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:404-420. [PMID: 37386890 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) takes place mainly in the bone marrow, within the hematopoietic microenvironment, composed of a number of different cell types and their molecular products that together shape spatially organized and highly specialized microstructures called hematopoietic niches. From the earliest developmental stages and throughout the myeloid and lymphoid lineage differentiation pathways, hematopoietic niches play a crucial role in the preservation of cellular integrity and the regulation of proliferation and differentiation rates. Current evidence suggests that each blood cell lineage develops under specific, discrete niches that support committed progenitor and precursor cells and potentially cooperate with transcriptional programs determining the gradual lineage commitment and specification. This review aims to discuss recent advances on the cellular identity and structural organization of lymphoid, granulocytic, monocytic, megakaryocytic, and erythroid niches throughout the hematopoietic microenvironment and the mechanisms by which they interconnect and regulate viability, maintenance, maturation, and function of the developing blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hernández-Barrientos
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, IMSS, Av. Cuauhtemoc 330. Mexico City, 06720, Mexico
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Onco-Immunology Laboratory, Eastern Biomedical Research Center, IMSS, Km 4.5 Atlixco-Metepec, 74360, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Hector Mayani
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, IMSS, Av. Cuauhtemoc 330. Mexico City, 06720, Mexico
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2
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Garcia-Gimenez A, Richardson SE. The role of microenvironment in the initiation and evolution of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1150612. [PMID: 36959797 PMCID: PMC10029760 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1150612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is a malignant disorder of immature B lineage immune progenitors and is the commonest cancer in children. Despite treatment advances it remains a leading cause of death in childhood and response rates in adults remain poor. A preleukemic state predisposing children to BCP-ALL frequently arises in utero, with an incidence far higher than that of transformed leukemia, offering the potential for early intervention to prevent disease. Understanding the natural history of this disease requires an appreciation of how cell-extrinsic pressures, including microenvironment, immune surveillance and chemotherapy direct cell-intrinsic genetic and epigenetic evolution. In this review, we outline how microenvironmental factors interact with BCP-ALL at different stages of tumorigenesis and highlight emerging therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Garcia-Gimenez
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust—Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon E. Richardson
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome Trust—Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Simon E. Richardson,
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3
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Zhao Y, Zhao S, Qin XY, He TT, Hu MM, Gong Z, Wang HM, Gong FY, Gao XM, Wang J. Altered Phenotype and Enhanced Antibody-Producing Ability of Peripheral B Cells in Mice with Cd19-Driven Cre Expression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040700. [PMID: 35203346 PMCID: PMC8870415 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the importance of B lymphocytes in inflammation and immune defense against pathogens, mice transgenic for Cre under the control of Cd19 promoter (Cd19Cre/+ mice) have been widely used to specifically investigate the role of loxP-flanked genes in B cell development/function. However, impacts of expression/insertion of the Cre transgene on the phenotype and function of B cells have not been carefully studied. Here, we show that the number of marginal zone B and B1a cells was selectively reduced in Cd19Cre/+ mice, while B cell development in the bone marrow and total numbers of peripheral B cells were comparable between Cd19Cre/+ and wild type C57BL/6 mice. Notably, humoral responses to both T cell-dependent and independent antigens were significantly increased in Cd19Cre/+ mice. We speculate that these differences are mainly attributable to reduced surface CD19 levels caused by integration of the Cre-expressing cassette that inactivates one Cd19 allele. Moreover, our literature survey showed that expression of Cd19Cre/+ alone may affect the development/progression of inflammatory and anti-infectious responses. Thus, our results have important implications for the design and interpretation of results on gene functions specifically targeted in B cells in the Cd19Cre/+ mouse strain, for instance, in the context of (auto) inflammatory/infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Sai Zhao
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (X.-Y.Q.); (T.-T.H.); (M.-M.H.); (Z.G.); (H.-M.W.); (F.-Y.G.)
| | - Xiao-Yuan Qin
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (X.-Y.Q.); (T.-T.H.); (M.-M.H.); (Z.G.); (H.-M.W.); (F.-Y.G.)
| | - Ting-Ting He
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (X.-Y.Q.); (T.-T.H.); (M.-M.H.); (Z.G.); (H.-M.W.); (F.-Y.G.)
| | - Miao-Miao Hu
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (X.-Y.Q.); (T.-T.H.); (M.-M.H.); (Z.G.); (H.-M.W.); (F.-Y.G.)
| | - Zheng Gong
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (X.-Y.Q.); (T.-T.H.); (M.-M.H.); (Z.G.); (H.-M.W.); (F.-Y.G.)
| | - Hong-Min Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (X.-Y.Q.); (T.-T.H.); (M.-M.H.); (Z.G.); (H.-M.W.); (F.-Y.G.)
| | - Fang-Yuan Gong
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (X.-Y.Q.); (T.-T.H.); (M.-M.H.); (Z.G.); (H.-M.W.); (F.-Y.G.)
| | - Xiao-Ming Gao
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (X.-Y.Q.); (T.-T.H.); (M.-M.H.); (Z.G.); (H.-M.W.); (F.-Y.G.)
- Correspondence: (X.-M.G.); (J.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-512-65882135 (J.W.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (S.Z.); (X.-Y.Q.); (T.-T.H.); (M.-M.H.); (Z.G.); (H.-M.W.); (F.-Y.G.)
- Correspondence: (X.-M.G.); (J.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-512-65882135 (J.W.)
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4
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Mun Y, Fazio S, Arrieta CN. Remodeling of the Bone Marrow Stromal Microenvironment During Pathogenic Infections. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021; 434:55-81. [PMID: 34850282 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-86016-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is the primary hematopoietic organ and a hub in which organismal demands for blood cellular output are systematically monitored. BM tissues are additionally home to a plethora of mature immune cell types, providing functional environments for the activation of immune responses and acting as preferred anatomical reservoirs for cells involved in immunological memory. Stromal cells of the BM microenvironment crucially govern different aspects of organ function, by structuring tissue microanatomy and by directly providing essential regulatory cues to hematopoietic and immune components in distinct niches. Emerging evidence demonstrates that stromal networks are endowed with remarkable functional and structural plasticity. Stress-induced adaptations of stromal cells translate into demand-driven hematopoiesis. Furthermore, aberrations of stromal integrity arising from pathological conditions critically contribute to the dysregulation of BM function. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the alterations that pathogenic infections and ensuing inflammatory conditions elicit on the global topography of the BM microenvironment, the integrity of anatomical niches and cellular interactions, and ultimately, on the regulatory function of diverse stromal subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- YeVin Mun
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Häldeliweg 4, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Serena Fazio
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Häldeliweg 4, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - César Nombela Arrieta
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Häldeliweg 4, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
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5
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Dietrich K, Fiedler IA, Kurzyukova A, López-Delgado AC, McGowan LM, Geurtzen K, Hammond CL, Busse B, Knopf F. Skeletal Biology and Disease Modeling in Zebrafish. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:436-458. [PMID: 33484578 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are teleosts (bony fish) that share with mammals a common ancestor belonging to the phylum Osteichthyes, from which their endoskeletal systems have been inherited. Indeed, teleosts and mammals have numerous genetically conserved features in terms of skeletal elements, ossification mechanisms, and bone matrix components in common. Yet differences related to bone morphology and function need to be considered when investigating zebrafish in skeletal research. In this review, we focus on zebrafish skeletal architecture with emphasis on the morphology of the vertebral column and associated anatomical structures. We provide an overview of the different ossification types and osseous cells in zebrafish and describe bone matrix composition at the microscopic tissue level with a focus on assessing mineralization. Processes of bone formation also strongly depend on loading in zebrafish, as we elaborate here. Furthermore, we illustrate the high regenerative capacity of zebrafish bones and present some of the technological advantages of using zebrafish as a model. We highlight zebrafish axial and fin skeleton patterning mechanisms, metabolic bone disease such as after immunosuppressive glucocorticoid treatment, as well as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and osteopetrosis research in zebrafish. We conclude with a view of why larval zebrafish xenografts are a powerful tool to study bone metastasis. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Dietrich
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Imke Ak Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kurzyukova
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alejandra C López-Delgado
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucy M McGowan
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karina Geurtzen
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Knopf
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Healthy Aging TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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6
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Nikolopoulou PA, Koufaki MA, Kostourou V. The Adhesome Network: Key Components Shaping the Tumour Stroma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:525. [PMID: 33573141 PMCID: PMC7866493 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond the conventional perception of solid tumours as mere masses of cancer cells, advanced cancer research focuses on the complex contributions of tumour-associated host cells that are known as "tumour microenvironment" (TME). It has been long appreciated that the tumour stroma, composed mainly of blood vessels, cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells, together with the extracellular matrix (ECM), define the tumour architecture and influence cancer cell properties. Besides soluble cues, that mediate the crosstalk between tumour and stroma cells, cell adhesion to ECM arises as a crucial determinant in cancer progression. In this review, we discuss how adhesome, the intracellular protein network formed at cell adhesions, regulate the TME and control malignancy. The role of adhesome extends beyond the physical attachment of cells to ECM and the regulation of cytoskeletal remodelling and acts as a signalling and mechanosensing hub, orchestrating cellular responses that shape the tumour milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vassiliki Kostourou
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Bioinnovation, 34 Fleming Str., 16672 Vari-Athens, Greece; (P.A.N.); (M.A.K.)
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7
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Delahaye MC, Salem KI, Pelletier J, Aurrand-Lions M, Mancini SJC. Toward Therapeutic Targeting of Bone Marrow Leukemic Niche Protective Signals in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 10:606540. [PMID: 33489914 PMCID: PMC7820772 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.606540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) represents the malignant counterpart of bone marrow (BM) differentiating B cells and occurs most frequently in children. While new combinations of chemotherapeutic agents have dramatically improved the prognosis for young patients, disease outcome remains poor after relapse or in adult patients. This is likely due to heterogeneity of B-ALL response to treatment which relies not only on intrinsic properties of leukemic cells, but also on extrinsic protective cues transmitted by the tumor cell microenvironment. Alternatively, leukemic cells have the capacity to shape their microenvironment towards their needs. Most knowledge on the role of protective niches has emerged from the identification of mesenchymal and endothelial cells controlling hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal or B cell differentiation. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about B-ALL protective niches and the development of therapies targeting the crosstalk between leukemic cells and their microenvironment.
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8
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Enciso J, Mendoza L, Álvarez-Buylla ER, Pelayo R. Dynamical modeling predicts an inflammation-inducible CXCR7+ B cell precursor with potential implications in lymphoid blockage pathologies. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9902. [PMID: 33062419 PMCID: PMC7531334 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The blockage at the early B lymphoid cell development pathway within the bone marrow is tightly associated with hematopoietic and immune diseases, where the disruption of basal regulatory networks prevents the continuous replenishment of functional B cells. Dynamic computational models may be instrumental for the comprehensive understanding of mechanisms underlying complex differentiation processes and provide novel prediction/intervention platforms to reinvigorate the system. Methods By reconstructing a three-module regulatory network including genetic transcription, intracellular transduction, and microenvironment communication, we have investigated the early B lineage cell fate decisions in normal and pathological settings. The early B cell differentiation network was simulated as a Boolean model and then transformed, using fuzzy logic, to a continuous model. We tested null and overexpression mutants to analyze the emergent behavior of the network. Due to its importance in inflammation, we investigated the effect of NFkB induction at different early B cell differentiation stages. Results While the exhaustive synchronous and asynchronous simulation of the early B cell regulatory network (eBCRN) reproduced the configurations of the hematopoietic progenitors and early B lymphoid precursors of the pathway, its simulation as a continuous model with fuzzy logics suggested a transient IL-7R+ ProB-to-Pre-B subset expressing pre-BCR and a series of dominant B-cell transcriptional factors. This conspicuous differentiating cell population up-regulated CXCR7 and reduced CXCR4 and FoxO1 expression levels. Strikingly, constant but intermediate NFkB signaling at specific B cell differentiation stages allowed stabilization of an aberrant CXCR7+ pre-B like phenotype with apparent affinity to proliferative signals, while under constitutive overactivation of NFkB, such cell phenotype was aberrantly exacerbated from the earliest stage of common lymphoid progenitors. Our mutant models revealed an abnormal delay in the BCR assembly upon NFkB activation, concomitant to sustained Flt3 signaling, down-regulation of Ebf1, Irf4 and Pax5 genes transcription, and reduced Ig recombination, pointing to a potential lineage commitment blockage. Discussion For the first time, an inducible CXCR7hi B cell precursor endowed with the potential capability of shifting central lymphoid niches, is inferred by computational modeling. Its phenotype is compatible with that of leukemia-initiating cells and might be the foundation that bridges inflammation with blockage-related malignancies and a wide range of immunological diseases. Besides the predicted differentiation impairment, inflammation-inducible phenotypes open the possibility of newly formed niches colonized by the reported precursor. Thus, emergent bone marrow ecosystems are predicted following a pro-inflammatory induction, that may lead to hematopoietic instability associated to blockage pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Enciso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, Mexico.,Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Luis Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | | | - Rosana Pelayo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Delegación Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, Mexico
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9
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Abstract
Metastasis, the dispersal of cancer cells from a primary tumor to secondary sites within the body, is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Animal models have been an indispensable tool to investigate the complex interactions between the cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment during the metastatic cascade. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a powerful vertebrate model for studying metastatic events in vivo. The zebrafish has many attributes including ex-utero development, which facilitates embryonic manipulation, as well as optically transparent tissues, which enables in vivo imaging of fluorescently labeled cells in real time. Here, we summarize the techniques which have been used to study cancer biology and metastasis in the zebrafish model organism, including genetic manipulation and transgenesis, cell transplantation, live imaging, and high-throughput compound screening. Finally, we discuss studies using the zebrafish, which have complemented and benefited metastasis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy R Astell
- The Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Sieger
- The Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
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10
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Park SY, Matte A, Jung Y, Ryu J, Anand WB, Han EY, Liu M, Carbone C, Melisi D, Nagasawa T, Locascio JJ, Lin CP, Silberstein LE, De Franceschi L. Pathologic angiogenesis in the bone marrow of humanized sickle cell mice is reversed by blood transfusion. Blood 2020; 135:2071-2084. [PMID: 31990287 PMCID: PMC7273832 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019002227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenic red blood cell (RBC) disorder with high morbidity and mortality. Here, we report, for the first time, the impact of SCD on the bone marrow (BM) vascular niche, which is critical for hematopoiesis. In SCD mice, we find a disorganized and structurally abnormal BM vascular network of increased numbers of highly tortuous arterioles occupying the majority of the BM cavity, as well as fragmented sinusoidal vessels filled with aggregates of erythroid and myeloid cells. By in vivo imaging, sickle and control RBCs have significantly slow intravascular flow speeds in sickle cell BM but not in control BM. In sickle cell BM, we find increased reactive oxygen species production in expanded erythroblast populations and elevated levels of HIF-1α. The SCD BM exudate exhibits increased levels of proangiogenic growth factors and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Transplantation of SCD mouse BM cells into wild-type mice recapitulates the SCD vascular phenotype. Our data provide a model of SCD BM, in which slow RBC flow and vaso-occlusions further diminish local oxygen availability in the physiologic hypoxic BM cavity. These events trigger a milieu that is conducive to aberrant vessel growth. The distorted neovascular network is completely reversed by a 6-week blood transfusion regimen targeting hemoglobin S to <30%, highlighting the plasticity of the vascular niche. A better insight into the BM microenvironments in SCD might provide opportunities to optimize approaches toward efficient and long-term hematopoietic engraftment in the context of curative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Young Park
- Transfusion Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alessandro Matte
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Yookyung Jung
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jina Ryu
- Transfusion Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wilson Babu Anand
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eun-Young Han
- Transfusion Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Min Liu
- Transfusion Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carmine Carbone
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Melisi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Joseph J Locascio
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Charles P Lin
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Leslie E Silberstein
- Transfusion Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
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11
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Ronca R, Ghedini GC, Maccarinelli F, Sacco A, Locatelli SL, Foglio E, Taranto S, Grillo E, Matarazzo S, Castelli R, Paganini G, Desantis V, Cattane N, Cattaneo A, Mor M, Carlo-Stella C, Belotti A, Roccaro AM, Presta M, Giacomini A. FGF Trapping Inhibits Multiple Myeloma Growth through c-Myc Degradation-Induced Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2340-2354. [PMID: 32094301 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma, the second most common hematologic malignancy, frequently relapses because of chemotherapeutic resistance. Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) act as proangiogenic and mitogenic cytokines in multiple myeloma. Here, we demonstrate that the autocrine FGF/FGFR axis is essential for multiple myeloma cell survival and progression by protecting multiple myeloma cells from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. In keeping with the hypothesis that the intracellular redox status can be a target for cancer therapy, FGF/FGFR blockade by FGF trapping or tyrosine kinase inhibitor impaired the growth and dissemination of multiple myeloma cells by inducing mitochondrial oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptotic cell death that were prevented by the antioxidant vitamin E or mitochondrial catalase overexpression. In addition, mitochondrial oxidative stress occurred as a consequence of proteasomal degradation of the c-Myc oncoprotein that led to glutathione depletion. Accordingly, expression of a proteasome-nondegradable c-Myc protein mutant was sufficient to avoid glutathione depletion and rescue the proapoptotic effects due to FGF blockade. These findings were confirmed on bortezomib-resistant multiple myeloma cells as well as on bone marrow-derived primary multiple myeloma cells from newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory patients, including plasma cells bearing the t(4;14) translocation obtained from patients with high-risk multiple myeloma. Altogether, these findings dissect the mechanism by which the FGF/FGFR system plays a nonredundant role in multiple myeloma cell survival and disease progression, and indicate that FGF targeting may represent a therapeutic approach for patients with multiple myeloma with poor prognosis and advanced disease stage. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides new insights into the mechanisms by which FGF antagonists promote multiple myeloma cell death. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/11/2340/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gaia C Ghedini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Maccarinelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Sacco
- Clinical Research Development and Phase I Unit, CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia L Locatelli
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS and Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Foglio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Taranto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Matarazzo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Paganini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vanessa Desantis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Consorziale Universitaria Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nadia Cattane
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Mor
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carmelo Carlo-Stella
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS and Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Belotti
- Department of Hematology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Aldo M Roccaro
- Clinical Research Development and Phase I Unit, CREA Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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12
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Zehentmeier S, Pereira JP. Cell circuits and niches controlling B cell development. Immunol Rev 2020; 289:142-157. [PMID: 30977190 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies over the last decade uncovered overlapping niches for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), multipotent progenitor cells, common lymphoid progenitors, and early B cell progenitors. HSC and lymphoid niches are predominantly composed by mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) and by a small subset of endothelial cells. Niche cells create specialized microenvironments through the concomitant production of short-range acting cell-fate determining cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-7 and stem cell factor and the potent chemoattractant C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12. This type of cellular organization allows for the cross-talk between hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with niche cells, such that niche cell activity can be regulated by the quality and quantity of hematopoietic progenitors being produced. For example, preleukemic B cell progenitors and preB acute lymphoblastic leukemias interact directly with MPCs, and downregulate IL-7 expression and the production of non-leukemic lymphoid cells. In this review, we discuss a novel model of B cell development that is centered on cellular circuits formed between B cell progenitors and lymphopoietic niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Zehentmeier
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - João P Pereira
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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13
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Ligeiro D, Rao M, Maia A, Castillo M, Beltran A, Maeurer M. B Cells in the Gastrointestinal Tumor Microenvironment with a Focus on Pancreatic Cancer: Opportunities for Precision Medicine? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1273:175-195. [PMID: 33119882 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49270-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We review state-of-the-art in translational and clinical studies focusing on the tumor microenvironment (TME) with a focus on tumor-infiltrating B cells (TIBs). The TME is a dynamic matrix of mutations, immune-regulatory networks, and distinct cell-to-cell interactions which collectively impact on disease progress. We discuss relevant findings concerning B cells in pancreatic cancer, the concepts of "bystander" B cells, the role of antigen-specific B cells contributing to augmenting anticancer-directed immune responses, the role of B cells as prognostic markers for response to checkpoint inhibitors (ICBs), and the potential use in adoptive cell tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dário Ligeiro
- Immunogenetics Unit, Lisbon Centre for Blood and Transplantation (Instituto Português do Sangue e Transplantação, IPST), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Martin Rao
- Immunosurgery Unit, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Maia
- Department of Pathology, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mireia Castillo
- Department of Pathology, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antonio Beltran
- Department of Pathology, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Markus Maeurer
- Immunosurgery Unit, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.
- I Med Clinical University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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14
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Bergmann S, Elbahesh H. Targeting the proviral host kinase, FAK, limits influenza a virus pathogenesis and NFkB-regulated pro-inflammatory responses. Virology 2019; 534:54-63. [PMID: 31176924 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infections result in ∼500,000 global deaths annually. Host kinases link multiple signaling pathways at various stages of infection and are attractive therapeutic target. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, regulates several cellular processes including NFkB and antiviral responses. We investigated how FAK kinase activity regulates IAV pathogenesis. Using a severe infection model, we infected IAV-susceptible DBA/2 J mice with a lethal dose of H1N1 IAV. We observed reduced viral load and pro-inflammatory cytokines, delayed mortality, and increased survival in FAK inhibitor (Y15) treated mice. In vitro IAV-induced NFkB-promoter activity was reduced by Y15 or a dominant negative kinase-dead FAK mutant (FAK-KD) independently of the viral immune modulator, NS1. Finally, we observed reduced IAV-induced nuclear localization of NFkB in FAK-KD expressing cells. Our data suggest a novel mechanism where IAV hijacks FAK to promote viral replication and limit its ability to contribute to innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Bergmann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Husni Elbahesh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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15
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Balzano M, De Grandis M, Vu Manh TP, Chasson L, Bardin F, Farina A, Sergé A, Bidaut G, Charbord P, Hérault L, Bailly AL, Cartier-Michaud A, Boned A, Dalod M, Duprez E, Genever P, Coles M, Bajenoff M, Xerri L, Aurrand-Lions M, Schiff C, Mancini SJ. Nidogen-1 Contributes to the Interaction Network Involved in Pro-B Cell Retention in the Peri-sinusoidal Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche. Cell Rep 2019; 26:3257-3271.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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16
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Meineke R, Rimmelzwaan GF, Elbahesh H. Influenza Virus Infections and Cellular Kinases. Viruses 2019; 11:E171. [PMID: 30791550 PMCID: PMC6410056 DOI: 10.3390/v11020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are a major cause of respiratory illness and are responsible for yearly epidemics associated with more than 500,000 annual deaths globally. Novel IAVs may cause pandemic outbreaks and zoonotic infections with, for example, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) of the H5N1 and H7N9 subtypes, which pose a threat to public health. Treatment options are limited and emergence of strains resistant to antiviral drugs jeopardize this even further. Like all viruses, IAVs depend on host factors for every step of the virus replication cycle. Host kinases link multiple signaling pathways in respond to a myriad of stimuli, including viral infections. Their regulation of multiple response networks has justified actively targeting cellular kinases for anti-cancer therapies and immune modulators for decades. There is a growing volume of research highlighting the significant role of cellular kinases in regulating IAV infections. Their functional role is illustrated by the required phosphorylation of several IAV proteins necessary for replication and/or evasion/suppression of the innate immune response. Identified in the majority of host factor screens, functional studies further support the important role of kinases and their potential as host restriction factors. PKC, ERK, PI3K and FAK, to name a few, are kinases that regulate viral entry and replication. Additionally, kinases such as IKK, JNK and p38 MAPK are essential in mediating viral sensor signaling cascades that regulate expression of antiviral chemokines and cytokines. The feasibility of targeting kinases is steadily moving from bench to clinic and already-approved cancer drugs could potentially be repurposed for treatments of severe IAV infections. In this review, we will focus on the contribution of cellular kinases to IAV infections and their value as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Meineke
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Husni Elbahesh
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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17
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Green AC, Rudolph-Stringer V, Chantry AD, Wu JY, Purton LE. Mesenchymal lineage cells and their importance in B lymphocyte niches. Bone 2019; 119:42-56. [PMID: 29183783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Early B lymphopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow and is reliant on interactions with numerous cell types in the bone marrow microenvironment, particularly those of the mesenchymal lineage. Each cellular niche that supports the distinct stages of B lymphopoiesis is unique. Different cell types and signaling molecules are important for the progressive stages of B lymphocyte differentiation. Cells expressing CXCL12 and IL-7 have long been recognized as having essential roles in facilitating progression through stages of B lymphopoiesis. Recently, a number of other factors that extrinsically mediate B lymphopoiesis (positively or negatively) have been identified. In addition, the use of transgenic mouse models to delete specific genes in mesenchymal lineage cells has further contributed to our understanding of how B lymphopoiesis is regulated in the bone marrow. This review will cover the current understanding of B lymphocyte niches in the bone marrow and key extrinsic molecules and signaling pathways involved in these niches, with a focus on how mesenchymal lineage cells regulate B lymphopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna C Green
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Victoria Rudolph-Stringer
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew D Chantry
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joy Y Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Louise E Purton
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
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18
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Dixit D, Schwab SR. PreB cells are moving on. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2483-2484. [PMID: 30228157 PMCID: PMC6170175 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this issue of JEM, Fistonich et al. address how the bone marrow microenvironment supports diverse lineages through multiple developmental stages. Differential motility between pro- and preB cells results in differential IL-7 exposure, and, intriguingly, stromal cells respond to abnormal B cells by reducing Il7. In this issue of JEM, Fistonich et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20180778) address how the bone marrow microenvironment supports diverse lineages through multiple developmental stages. Differential motility between pro- and preB cells results in differential IL-7 exposure, and, intriguingly, stromal cells respond to abnormal B cells by reducing Il7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval Dixit
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Susan R Schwab
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
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19
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Fistonich C, Zehentmeier S, Bednarski JJ, Miao R, Schjerven H, Sleckman BP, Pereira JP. Cell circuits between B cell progenitors and IL-7 + mesenchymal progenitor cells control B cell development. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2586-2599. [PMID: 30158115 PMCID: PMC6170173 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell development is characterized by well-defined transitions. Fistonich et al. demonstrate that two distinct cell circuits formed between proB, preB, and IL-7+ cells regulate the size and quality of B cell progenitors and control B cell development. B cell progenitors require paracrine signals such as interleukin-7 (IL-7) provided by bone marrow stromal cells for proliferation and survival. Yet, how B cells regulate access to these signals in vivo remains unclear. Here we show that proB and IL-7+ cells form a cell circuit wired by IL-7R signaling, which controls CXCR4 and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression and restricts proB cell movement due to increased adhesion to IL-7+CXCL12Hi cells. PreBCR signaling breaks this circuit by switching the preB cell behavior into a fast-moving and lower-adhesion state via increased CXCR4 and reduced FAK/α4β1 expression. This behavioral change reduces preB cell exposure to IL-7, thereby attenuating IL-7R signaling in vivo. Remarkably, IL-7 production is downregulated by signals provided by preB cells with unrepaired double-stranded DNA breaks and by preB acute lymphoblastic leukemic cells. Combined, these studies revealed that distinct cell circuits control the quality and homeostasis of B cell progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Fistonich
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Sandra Zehentmeier
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Jeffrey J Bednarski
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Runfeng Miao
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Hilde Schjerven
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Barry P Sleckman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - João P Pereira
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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20
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Murine Bone Marrow Niches from Hematopoietic Stem Cells to B Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082353. [PMID: 30103411 PMCID: PMC6121419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
After birth, the development of hematopoietic cells occurs in the bone marrow. Hematopoietic differentiation is finely tuned by cell-intrinsic mechanisms and lineage-specific transcription factors. However, it is now clear that the bone marrow microenvironment plays an essential role in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and their differentiation into more mature lineages. Mesenchymal and endothelial cells contribute to a protective microenvironment called hematopoietic niches that secrete specific factors and establish a direct contact with developing hematopoietic cells. A number of recent studies have addressed in mouse models the specific molecular events that are involved in the cellular crosstalk between hematopoietic subsets and their niches. This has led to the concept that hematopoietic differentiation and commitment towards a given hematopoietic pathway is a dynamic process controlled at least partially by the bone marrow microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the evolving view of murine hematopoietic–stromal cell crosstalk that is involved in HSC maintenance and commitment towards B cell differentiation.
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21
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Urbanczyk S, Stein M, Schuh W, Jäck HM, Mougiakakos D, Mielenz D. Regulation of Energy Metabolism during Early B Lymphocyte Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2192. [PMID: 30060475 PMCID: PMC6121686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The most important feature of humoral immunity is the adaptation of the diversity of newly generated B cell receptors, that is, the antigen receptor repertoire, to the body's own and foreign structures. This includes the transient propagation of B progenitor cells and B cells, which possess receptors that are positively selected via anabolic signalling pathways under highly competitive conditions. The metabolic regulation of early B-cell development thus has important consequences for the expansion of normal or malignant pre-B cell clones. In addition, cellular senescence programs based on the expression of B cell identity factors, such as Pax5, act to prevent excessive proliferation and cellular deviation. Here, we review the basic mechanisms underlying the regulation of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation during early B cell development in bone marrow. We focus on the regulation of glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation at the transition from non-transformed pro- to pre-B cells and discuss some ongoing issues. We introduce Swiprosin-2/EFhd1 as a potential regulator of glycolysis in pro-B cells that has also been linked to Ca2+-mediated mitoflashes. Mitoflashes are bioenergetic mitochondrial events that control mitochondrial metabolism and signalling in both healthy and disease states. We discuss how Ca2+ fluctuations in pro- and pre-B cells may translate into mitoflashes in early B cells and speculate about the consequences of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Urbanczyk
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Merle Stein
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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22
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Yu B, Chen Q, Le Bras A, Zhang L, Xu Q. Vascular Stem/Progenitor Cell Migration and Differentiation in Atherosclerosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:219-235. [PMID: 28537424 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Atherosclerosis is a major cause for the death of human beings, and it takes place in large- and middle-sized arteries. The pathogenesis of the disease has been widely investigated, and new findings on vascular stem/progenitor cells could have an impact on vascular regeneration. Recent Advances: Recent studies have shown that abundant stem/progenitor cells present in the vessel wall are mainly responsible for cell accumulation in the intima during vascular remodeling. It has been demonstrated that the mobilization and recruitment of tissue-resident stem/progenitor cells give rise to endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) that participate in vascular repair and remodeling such as neointimal hyperplasia and arteriosclerosis. Interestingly, cell lineage tracing studies indicate that a large proportion of SMCs in neointimal lesions is derived from adventitial stem/progenitor cells. CRITICAL ISSUES The influence of stem/progenitor cell behavior on the development of atherosclerosis is crucial. An understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that control stem/progenitor cell migration and differentiation is essential for stem/progenitor cell therapy for vascular diseases and regenerative medicine. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Identification of the detailed process driving the migration and differentiation of vascular stem/progenitor cells during the development of atherosclerosis, discovery of the environmental cues, and signaling pathways that control cell fate within the vasculature will facilitate the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies to combat atherosclerosis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqi Yu
- 1 Department of Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital , Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qishan Chen
- 2 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Alexandra Le Bras
- 3 Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre , London, United Kingdom
| | - Li Zhang
- 2 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- 3 Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre , London, United Kingdom
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23
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Ubieta K, Garcia M, Grötsch B, Uebe S, Weber GF, Stein M, Ekici A, Schett G, Mielenz D, Bozec A. Fra-2 regulates B cell development by enhancing IRF4 and Foxo1 transcription. J Exp Med 2017; 214:2059-2071. [PMID: 28566276 PMCID: PMC5502419 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of AP-1 transcription factors in early B cell development and function is still incompletely characterized. Ubieta at al. describe the function of the Fra-2/AP-1 transcription factor as a regulator of Foxo1 and Irf4 expression in B cells. Fra-2 affects B cell proliferation and maintains their number in bone marrow. The role of AP-1 transcription factors in early B cell development and function is still incompletely characterized. Here we address the role of Fra-2 in B cell differentiation. Deletion of Fra-2 leads to impaired B cell proliferation in the bone marrow. In addition, IL-7–stimulated pro–B cell cultures revealed a reduced differentiation from large pre–B cells to small B cells and immature B cells. Gene profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analyses unraveled a transcriptional reduction of the transcription factors Foxo1, Irf4, Ikaros, and Aiolos in Fra-2–deficient B cells. Moreover, expression of IL7Rα and Rag 1/2, downstream targets of Irf4 and Foxo1, were also reduced in the absence of Fra-2. Pro–B cell proliferation and small pre–B cell differentiation were fully rescued by expression of Foxo1 and Irf4 in Fra-2–deficient pro–B cells. Hence, Fra-2 is a key upstream regulator of Foxo1 and Irf4 expression and influences proliferation and differentiation of B cells at multiple stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenia Ubieta
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mireia Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bettina Grötsch
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Uebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg F Weber
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Merle Stein
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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24
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A heteromeric molecular complex regulates the migration of lung alveolar epithelial cells during wound healing. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2155. [PMID: 28526890 PMCID: PMC5438388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar type II epithelial cells (ATII) are instrumental in early wound healing in response to lung injury, restoring epithelial integrity through spreading and migration. We previously reported in separate studies that focal adhesion kinase-1 (FAK) and the chemokine receptor CXCR4 promote epithelial repair mechanisms. However, potential interactions between these two pathways were not previously considered. In the present study, we found that wounding of rat ATII cells promoted increased association between FAK and CXCR4. In addition, protein phosphatase-5 (PP5) increased its association with this heteromeric complex, while apoptosis signal regulating kinase-1 (ASK1) dissociated from the complex. Cell migration following wounding was decreased when PP5 expression was decreased using shRNA, but migration was increased in ATII cells isolated from ASK1 knockout mice. Interactions between FAK and CXCR4 were increased upon depletion of ASK1 using shRNA in MLE-12 cells, but unaffected when PP5 was depleted. Furthermore, we found that wounded rat ATII cells exhibited decreased ASK1 phosphorylation at Serine-966, decreased serine phosphorylation of FAK, and decreased association of phosphorylated ASK1 with FAK. These changes in phosphorylation were dependent upon expression of PP5. These results demonstrate a unique molecular complex comprising CXCR4, FAK, ASK1, and PP5 in ATII cells during wound healing.
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25
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Lim VY, Zehentmeier S, Fistonich C, Pereira JP. A Chemoattractant-Guided Walk Through Lymphopoiesis: From Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Mature B Lymphocytes. Adv Immunol 2017; 134:47-88. [PMID: 28413023 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocytes develop from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in specialized bone marrow niches composed of rare mesenchymal lineage stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) and sinusoidal endothelial cells. These niches are defined by function and location: MSPCs are mostly perisinusoidal cells that together with a small subset of sinusoidal endothelial cells express stem cell factor, interleukin-7 (IL-7), IL-15, and the highest amounts of CXCL12 in bone marrow. Though rare, MSPCs are morphologically heterogeneous, highly reticular, and form a vast cellular network in the bone marrow parenchyma capable of interacting with large numbers of hematopoietic cells. HSCs, downstream multipotent progenitor cells, and common lymphoid progenitor cells utilize CXCR4 to fine-tune access to critical short-range growth factors provided by MSPCs for their long-term maintenance and/or multilineage differentiation. In later stages, developing B lymphocytes use CXCR4 to navigate the bone marrow parenchyma, and predominantly cannabinoid receptor-2 for positioning within bone marrow sinusoids, prior to being released into peripheral blood circulation. In the final stages of differentiation, transitional B cells migrate to the spleen where they preferentially undergo further rounds of differentiation until selection into the mature B cell pool occurs. This bottleneck purges up to 97% of all developing B cells in a peripheral selection process that is heavily controlled not only by the intensity of BCR signaling and access to BAFF but also by the proper functioning of the B cell motility machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Y Lim
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | - Chris Fistonich
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - João P Pereira
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
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Quantification and three-dimensional microanatomical organization of the bone marrow. Blood Adv 2017; 1:407-416. [PMID: 29296956 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2016003194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) constitutes one of the largest organs in mice and humans, continuously generating, in a highly regulated manner, red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells that together form the majority of cells of the body. In this review, we provide a quantitative overview of BM cellular composition, we summarize emerging knowledge on its structural organization and cellular niches, and we argue for the need of multidimensional approaches such as recently developed imaging techniques to uncover the complex spatial logic that underlies BM function in health and disease.
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Genomic and transcriptional landscape of P2RY8-CRLF2-positive childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2016; 31:1491-1501. [PMID: 27899802 PMCID: PMC5508072 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Children with P2RY8-CRLF2-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia have an increased relapse risk. Their mutational and transcriptional landscape, as well as the respective patterns at relapse remain largely elusive. We, therefore, performed an integrated analysis of whole-exome and RNA sequencing in 41 major clone fusion-positive cases including 19 matched diagnosis/relapse pairs. We detected a variety of frequently subclonal and highly instable JAK/STAT but also RTK/Ras pathway-activating mutations in 76% of cases at diagnosis and virtually all relapses. Unlike P2RY8-CRLF2 that was lost in 32% of relapses, all other genomic alterations affecting lymphoid development (58%) and cell cycle (39%) remained stable. Only IKZF1 alterations predominated in relapsing cases (P=0.001) and increased from initially 36 to 58% in matched cases. IKZF1's critical role is further corroborated by its specific transcriptional signature comprising stem cell features with signs of impaired lymphoid differentiation, enhanced focal adhesion, activated hypoxia pathway, deregulated cell cycle and increased drug resistance. Our findings support the notion that P2RY8-CRLF2 is dispensable for relapse development and instead highlight the prominent rank of IKZF1 for relapse development by mediating self-renewal and homing to the bone marrow niche. Consequently, reverting aberrant IKAROS signaling or its disparate programs emerges as an attractive potential treatment option in these leukemias.
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Enciso J, Mayani H, Mendoza L, Pelayo R. Modeling the Pro-inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Predicts a Breakdown of Hematopoietic-Mesenchymal Communication Networks. Front Physiol 2016; 7:349. [PMID: 27594840 PMCID: PMC4990565 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lineage fate decisions of hematopoietic cells depend on intrinsic factors and extrinsic signals provided by the bone marrow microenvironment, where they reside. Abnormalities in composition and function of hematopoietic niches have been proposed as key contributors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) progression. Our previous experimental findings strongly suggest that pro-inflammatory cues contribute to mesenchymal niche abnormalities that result in maintenance of ALL precursor cells at the expense of normal hematopoiesis. Here, we propose a molecular regulatory network interconnecting the major communication pathways between hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) within the BM. Dynamical analysis of the network as a Boolean model reveals two stationary states that can be interpreted as the intercellular contact status. Furthermore, simulations describe the molecular patterns observed during experimental proliferation and activation. Importantly, our model predicts instability in the CXCR4/CXCL12 and VLA4/VCAM1 interactions following microenvironmental perturbation due by temporal signaling from Toll like receptors (TLRs) ligation. Therefore, aberrant expression of NF-κB induced by intrinsic or extrinsic factors may contribute to create a tumor microenvironment where a negative feedback loop inhibiting CXCR4/CXCL12 and VLA4/VCAM1 cellular communication axes allows for the maintenance of malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Enciso
- Oncology Research Unit, Mexican Institute for Social SecurityMexico City, Mexico; Biochemistry Sciences Program, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MexicoMexico City, Mexico
| | - Hector Mayani
- Oncology Research Unit, Mexican Institute for Social Security Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Mendoza
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Oncology Research Unit, Mexican Institute for Social Security Mexico City, Mexico
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De Grandis M, Lhoumeau AC, Mancini SJC, Aurrand-Lions M. Adhesion receptors involved in HSC and early-B cell interactions with bone marrow microenvironment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:687-703. [PMID: 26495446 PMCID: PMC11108274 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis takes place in the bone marrow of adult mammals and is the process by which blood cells are replenished every day throughout life. Differentiation of hematopoietic cells occurs in a stepwise manner through intermediates of differentiation that could be phenotypically identified. This has allowed establishing hematopoietic cell classification with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) at the top of the hierarchy. HSCs are mostly quiescent and serve as a reservoir for maintenance of lifelong hematopoiesis. Over recent years, it has become increasingly clear that HSC quiescence is not only due to intrinsic properties, but is also mediated by cognate interactions between HSCs and surrounding cells within micro-anatomical sites called “niches”. This hematopoietic/stromal crosstalk model also applies to more mature progenitors such as B cell progenitors, which are thought to reside in distinct “niches”. This prompted many research teams to search for specific molecular mechanisms supporting leuko-stromal crosstalk in the bone marrow and acting at specific stage of differentiation to regulate hematopoietic homeostasis. Here, we review recent data on adhesion mechanisms involved in HSCs and B cell progenitors interactions with surrounding bone marrow stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Grandis
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Catherine Lhoumeau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane J. C. Mancini
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Aurrand-Lions
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105, Marseille, France
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Sacco A, Roccaro AM, Ma D, Shi J, Mishima Y, Moschetta M, Chiarini M, Munshi N, Handin RI, Ghobrial IM. Cancer Cell Dissemination and Homing to the Bone Marrow in a Zebrafish Model. Cancer Res 2016; 76:463-71. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Choi JS, Mahadik BP, Harley BAC. Engineering the hematopoietic stem cell niche: Frontiers in biomaterial science. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:1529-45. [PMID: 26356030 PMCID: PMC4724421 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) play a crucial role in the generation of the body's blood and immune cells. This process takes place primarily in the bone marrow in specialized 'niche' microenvironments, which provide signals responsible for maintaining a balance between HSC quiescence, self-renewal, and lineage specification required for life-long hematopoiesis. While our understanding of these signaling mechanisms continues to improve, our ability to engineer them in vitro for the expansion of clinically relevant HSC populations is still lacking. In this review, we focus on development of biomaterials-based culture platforms for in vitro study of interactions between HSCs and their local microenvironment. The tools and techniques used for both examining HSC-niche interactions as well as applying these findings towards controlled HSC expansion or directed differentiation in 2D and 3D platforms are discussed. These novel techniques hold the potential to push the existing boundaries of HSC cultures towards high-throughput, real-time, and single-cell level biomimetic approaches that enable a more nuanced understanding of HSC regulation and function. Their application in conjunction with innovative biomaterial platforms can pave the way for engineering artificial bone marrow niches for clinical applications as well as elucidating the pathology of blood-related cancers and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Choi
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bhushan P Mahadik
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Mahadik BP, Pedron Haba S, Skertich LJ, Harley BAC. The use of covalently immobilized stem cell factor to selectively affect hematopoietic stem cell activity within a gelatin hydrogel. Biomaterials 2015; 67:297-307. [PMID: 26232879 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare stem cell population found primarily in the bone marrow and responsible for the production of the body's full complement of blood and immune cells. Used clinically to treat a range of hematopoietic disorders, there is a significant need to identify approaches to selectively expand their numbers ex vivo. Here we describe a methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel for in vitro culture of primary murine HSCs. Stem cell factor (SCF) is a critical biomolecular component of native HSC niches in vivo and is used in large dosages in cell culture media for HSC expansion in vitro. We report a photochemistry based approach to covalently immobilize SCF within GelMA hydrogels via acrylate-functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG) tethers. PEG-functionalized SCF retains the native bioactivity of SCF but can be stably incorporated and retained within the GelMA hydrogel over 7 days. Freshly-isolated murine HSCs cultured in GelMA hydrogels containing covalently-immobilized SCF showed reduced proliferation and improved selectivity for maintaining primitive HSCs. Comparatively, soluble SCF within the GelMA hydrogel network induced increased proliferation of differentiating hematopoietic cells. We used a microfluidic templating approach to create GelMA hydrogels containing gradients of immobilized SCF that locally direct HSC response. Together, we report a biomaterial platform to examine the effect of the local presentation of soluble vs. matrix-immobilized biomolecular signals on HSC expansion and lineage specification. This approach may be a critical component of a biomaterial-based artificial bone marrow to provide the correct sequence of niche signals to grow HSCs in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan P Mahadik
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Sara Pedron Haba
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Luke J Skertich
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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Scheiermann C, Frenette PS, Hidalgo A. Regulation of leucocyte homeostasis in the circulation. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:340-51. [PMID: 25750191 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of blood cells extend well beyond the immune functions of leucocytes or the respiratory and hemostatic functions of erythrocytes and platelets. Seen as a whole, the bloodstream is in charge of nurturing and protecting all organs by carrying a mixture of cell populations in transit from one organ to another. To optimize these functions, evolution has provided blood and the vascular system that carries it with various mechanisms that ensure the appropriate influx and egress of cells into and from the circulation where and when needed. How this homeostatic control of blood is achieved has been the object of study for over a century, and although the major mechanisms that govern it are now fairly well understood, several new concepts and mediators have recently emerged that emphasize the dynamism of this liquid tissue. Here we review old and new concepts that relate to the maintenance and regulation of leucocyte homeostasis in blood and briefly discuss the mechanisms for platelets and red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Scheiermann
- Walter-Brendel-Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Department of Atherothrombosis, Imaging and Epidemiology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain Institut für Prophylaxe und Epidemiologie der Kreislaufkrankheiten (IPEK), Munich 80336, Germany
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Hinterseer E, Stiefel O, Neureiter D, Kandler G, Vogt S, Hutter J, Strasser G, Greil R, Hartmann TN, Hopfinger G. VLA-4 and CXCR4 overexpression in bone marrow of an aleukemic B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with osteolytic bone lesions. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 56:2465-7. [PMID: 25547652 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.999328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hinterseer
- a Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology , Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria.,b Salzburg Cancer Research Institute , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Olga Stiefel
- a Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology , Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- c Department of Pathology , Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Gabriele Kandler
- a Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology , Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Stefan Vogt
- a Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology , Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Josef Hutter
- d Department for Nuclear Medicine , Schwarzach Hospital , Schwarzach im Pongau , Austria
| | - Gertraud Strasser
- e Institute for Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- a Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology , Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria.,b Salzburg Cancer Research Institute , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Tanja Nicole Hartmann
- a Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology , Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria.,b Salzburg Cancer Research Institute , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Georg Hopfinger
- a Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology , Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria
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Richter R, Rüster B, Bistrian R, Forssmann WG, Seifried E, Henschler R. Beta-Chemokine CCL15 Affects the Adhesion and Migration of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells. Transfus Med Hemother 2014; 42:29-37. [PMID: 25960713 DOI: 10.1159/000370168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HPC) motility is essential for HPC transplantation. The chemokine CXCL12 is key for HPC motility. Further regulators are of interest to improve HPC transplantation and regenerative medicine. Here the impact of the human chemokine CCL15 on HPC motility was investigated. METHODS CCL15 plasma concentrations were determined during HPC mobilization in humans. Activity of CCL15 on HPCs was investigated in murine assays, including chemotaxis, adhesion, and CFU-A assays, and competitive repopulation assays. RESULTS During HPC mobilization with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, blood plasma contains increased concentrations (1.1 ± 0.1 ng/ml) of activated CCL15(27-92) versus 0.4 ± 0.1 ng/ml in controls (p = 0.02). CCL15(27-92) significantly enhanced CXCL12-induced transwell migration of Lin-/Sca1+ HPCs and strengthened shear stress-dependent adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). CCL15(27-92) dose-dependently reduced the colony size in CFU-A assays performed with murine bone marrow and Lin-/Sca1+ HPCs. CCL15(27-92) did not show a direct impact on cell cycle status of HPCs. In murine repopulation assays, pretreatment of bone marrow with CCL15(27-92) significantly increased competitive repopulation. CONCLUSION Our results point to a regulation of HPCs by CCL15 by modulating migratory and adhesive properties of HPCs with the potency to improve HPC short-term engraftment in stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Richter
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immune Hematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Center, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/M., Germany ; Clinic of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Brigitte Rüster
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immune Hematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Center, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - Roxana Bistrian
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immune Hematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Center, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - Wolf-Georg Forssmann
- Clinic of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Erhard Seifried
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immune Hematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Center, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - Reinhard Henschler
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immune Hematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Center, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/M., Germany
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Luo Z, Zhou Y, Luo P, Zhao Q, Xiao N, Yu Y, Yan Q, Lu G, Cheng L. SPARC deficiency affects bone marrow stromal function, resulting in impaired B lymphopoiesis. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:73-82. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1a0713-415rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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37
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Mahadik BP, Wheeler TD, Skertich LJ, Kenis PJA, Harley BAC. Microfluidic generation of gradient hydrogels to modulate hematopoietic stem cell culture environment. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:449-58. [PMID: 23997020 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow provides spatially and temporally variable signals that impact the behavior of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). While multiple biomolecular signals and bone marrow cell populations have been proposed as key regulators of HSC fate, new tools are required to probe their importance and mechanisms of action. Here, a novel method based on a microfluidic mixing platform to create small volume, 3D hydrogel constructs containing overlapping patterns of cell and matrix constituents inspired by the HSC niche is described. This approach is used to generate hydrogels containing opposing gradients of fluorescent microspheres, MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, primary murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), and combinations thereof in a manner independent of hydrogel density and cell/particle size. Three different analytical methods are described to characterize local properties of these hydrogels at multiple scales: 1) whole construct fluorescent analysis; 2) multi-photon imaging of individual cells within the construct; 3) retrieval of discrete sub-regions from the hydrogel post-culture. The approach reported here allows the creation of stable gradients of cell and material cues within a single, optically translucent 3D biomaterial to enable a range of investigations regarding how microenvironmental signals impact cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan P. Mahadik
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 110 Roger Adams Lab, 600 S. Mathews St Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Tobias D. Wheeler
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 110 Roger Adams Lab, 600 S. Mathews St Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Luke J. Skertich
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 110 Roger Adams Lab, 600 S. Mathews St Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Paul J. A. Kenis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 110 Roger Adams Lab, 600 S. Mathews St Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 1206 West Gregory Drive, MC-195 Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Brendan A. C. Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 110 Roger Adams Lab, 600 S. Mathews St Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 1206 West Gregory Drive, MC-195 Urbana IL 61801 USA
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Loss of Ikaros DNA-binding function confers integrin-dependent survival on pre-B cells and progression to acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Immunol 2014; 15:294-304. [PMID: 24509510 PMCID: PMC4494688 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of the DNA-binding domain of the transcription factor Ikaros generates dominant-negative isoforms that interfere with its activity and correlate with poor prognosis in human precursor B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Here we found that conditional inactivation of the Ikaros DNA-binding domain in early pre-B cells arrested their differentiation at a stage at which integrin-dependent adhesion to niches augmented signaling via mitogen-activated protein kinases, proliferation and self-renewal and attenuated signaling via the pre-B cell signaling complex (pre-BCR) and the differentiation of pre-B cells. Transplantation of polyclonal Ikaros-mutant pre-B cells resulted in long-latency oligoclonal pre-B-ALL, which demonstrates that loss of Ikaros contributes to multistep B cell leukemogenesis. Our results explain how normal pre-B cells transit from a highly proliferative and stroma-dependent phase to a stroma-independent phase during which differentiation is enabled, and suggest potential therapeutic strategies for Ikaros-mutant B-ALL.
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Orchestrating B cell lymphopoiesis through interplay of IL-7 receptor and pre-B cell receptor signalling. Nat Rev Immunol 2013; 14:69-80. [PMID: 24378843 DOI: 10.1038/nri3570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of B cells is dependent on the sequential DNA rearrangement of immunoglobulin loci that encode subunits of the B cell receptor. The pathway navigates a crucial checkpoint that ensures expression of a signalling-competent immunoglobulin heavy chain before commitment to rearrangement and expression of an immunoglobulin light chain. The checkpoint segregates proliferation of pre-B cells from immunoglobulin light chain recombination and their differentiation into B cells. Recent advances have revealed the molecular circuitry that controls two rival signalling systems, namely the interleukin-7 (IL-7) receptor and the pre-B cell receptor, to ensure that proliferation and immunoglobulin recombination are mutually exclusive, thereby maintaining genomic integrity during B cell development.
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