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Gay L, Madariaga Zarza S, Abou Atmeh P, Rouvière MS, Andrieu J, Richaud M, Boumaza A, Miquel L, Diallo AB, Bechah Y, Otmani Idrissi M, La Scola B, Olive D, Resseguier N, Bretelle F, Mezouar S, Mege JL. Protective role of macrophages from maternal-fetal interface in unvaccinated coronavirus disease 2019 pregnant women. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29819. [PMID: 39030992 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Pregnant women represent a high-risk population for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 has been reported in placenta from infected pregnant women, but whether the virus influences placenta immune response remains unclear. We investigated the properties of maternal-fetal interface macrophages (MFMs) in a cohort of unvaccinated women who contracted coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during their pregnancy. We reported an infiltration of CD163+ macrophages in placenta from COVID-19 women 19 whereas lymphoid compartment was not affected. Isolated MFMs exhibited nonpolarized activated signature (NOS2, IDO1, IFNG, TNF, TGFB) mainly in women infected during the second trimester of pregnancy. COVID-19 during pregnancy primed MFM to produce type I and III interferon response to SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan and δ strains), that were unable to elicit this in MFMs from healthy pregnant women. COVID-19 also primed SARS-CoV-2 internalization by MFM in an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-dependent manner. Activation and recall responses of MFMs were influenced by fetal sex. Collectively, these findings support a role for MFMs in the local immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, provide a basis for protective placental immunity in COVID-19, and highlight the interest of vaccination in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Gay
- Institut Recherche Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Sandra Madariaga Zarza
- Institut Recherche Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Perla Abou Atmeh
- Institut Recherche Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Sarah Rouvière
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, UM105, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jonatane Andrieu
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Etablissement Français du Sang, Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Manon Richaud
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, UM105, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Asma Boumaza
- Institut Recherche Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Laura Miquel
- Department of Gynaecology-Obstetrics, La Conception Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Aïssatou Bailo Diallo
- Institut Recherche Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Yassina Bechah
- Institut Recherche Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Myriem Otmani Idrissi
- Institut Recherche Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard La Scola
- Institut Recherche Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, UM105, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Noémie Resseguier
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, La Timone Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Health Economics, Clinical Research Unit, Direction of Health Research, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Bretelle
- Institut Recherche Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Department of Gynaecology-Obstetrics, La Conception Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Etablissement Français du Sang, Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- Institut Recherche Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Department of Immunology, Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
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Zhao Y, Ning J, Teng H, Deng Y, Sheldon M, Shi L, Martinez C, Zhang J, Tian A, Sun Y, Nakagawa S, Yao F, Wang H, Ma L. Long noncoding RNA Malat1 protects against osteoporosis and bone metastasis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2384. [PMID: 38493144 PMCID: PMC10944492 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
MALAT1, one of the few highly conserved nuclear long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), is abundantly expressed in normal tissues. Previously, targeted inactivation and genetic rescue experiments identified MALAT1 as a suppressor of breast cancer lung metastasis. On the other hand, Malat1-knockout mice are viable and develop normally. On a quest to discover the fundamental roles of MALAT1 in physiological and pathological processes, we find that this lncRNA is downregulated during osteoclastogenesis in humans and mice. Remarkably, Malat1 deficiency in mice promotes osteoporosis and bone metastasis of melanoma and mammary tumor cells, which can be rescued by genetic add-back of Malat1. Mechanistically, Malat1 binds to Tead3 protein, a macrophage-osteoclast-specific Tead family member, blocking Tead3 from binding and activating Nfatc1, a master regulator of osteoclastogenesis, which results in the inhibition of Nfatc1-mediated gene transcription and osteoclast differentiation. Notably, single-cell transcriptome analysis of clinical bone samples reveals that reduced MALAT1 expression in pre-osteoclasts and osteoclasts is associated with osteoporosis and metastatic bone lesions. Altogether, these findings identify Malat1 as a lncRNA that protects against osteoporosis and bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jingyuan Ning
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Hongqi Teng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yalan Deng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marisela Sheldon
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Consuelo Martinez
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Annie Tian
- Department of Kinesiology, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Yutong Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Fan Yao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Franklin AD, Freedman A, Wylie K, Mangold KA, Wang V, Price E, Ernst LM. Molecular detection of bacteria, placental inflammation, and neonatal sepsis risk. J Perinatol 2024; 44:46-54. [PMID: 37700009 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-023-01775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify bacteria in umbilical cord tissue and investigate the association with placental inflammation and neonatal sepsis risk score. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study from 2017-2019. RNA was extracted from umbilical cord tissue and NanoString nCounter used to identify seven bacteria genera. Sepsis risk score was calculated using the Kaiser sepsis calculator. Placental histopathology was abstracted from medical records. RESULTS Detection of bacterial RNA in the umbilical cord (n = 96/287) was associated with high-stage maternal and fetal acute placental inflammation (maternal 35.4% vs 22.5%, p = 0.03 and fetal 34.4% vs 19.4%, p < 0.01) and maternal vascular malperfusion (36.5% vs 23.0%, p = 0.02). Detection of Ureaplasma spp. was also associated with increased sepsis risk score (1.5/1000 [0.6, 8.6] vs 0.9/1000 [0.2, 2.9], p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Umbilical cord bacterial pathogens are linked to fetal and maternal placental inflammation and maternal vascular malperfusion during gestation and associated with increased sepsis risk score in the neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Franklin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexa Freedman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kristine Wylie
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathy A Mangold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vivien Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Erica Price
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Linda M Ernst
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Zhu W, Xu M, Zhu M, Song Y, Zhang J, Zheng C. Cuyun Recipe ameliorates pregnancy loss by regulating macrophage polarization and hypercoagulable state during the peri-implantation period in an ovarian hyperstimulation mouse model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154974. [PMID: 37523838 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Chinese herbal prescription Cuyun Recipe (CYR) has been widely used to treat clinical infertility and has shown good efficacy. Animal experiments have shown that CYR can promote implantation in mice, however, the exact mechanism underlying the implantation has not been elucidated. PURPOSE To investigate the effect and mechanism of CYR on regulating macrophage polarization and hypercoagulability during the peri-implantation period in mice with ovarian hyperstimulation. METHODS An ovarian hyperstimulation mouse model was developed, followed by treatment with CYR. Mice were sacrificed on day (D)4.5, D6, or D8 of gestation. The number of implantation sites, the pathological changes of the uterus and ovaries were assessed. The polarization of monocytes/macrophages in the spleen and endometrium, the expression and localization of cytokines were further detected. Furthermore, analyses of hypercoagulable state of the blood were also performed. RESULTS Treatment with CYR increased the average number of implantation sites, promoted angiogenesis in endometrial, and regulated monocytes/macrophages and the cytokine levels. Moreover, CYR downregulated the overexpression of D-dimer and fgl2 after ovarian hyperstimulation. CONCLUSION CYR facilitates embryo implantation by alleviating ovarian hyperstimulation, promoting endometrial decidualization and angiogenesis, regulating macrophage polarization, and reversing the hypercoagulable state of the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Menghao Xu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mengdi Zhu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yufan Song
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jinmin Zhang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Cuihong Zheng
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China.
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5
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Barrozo ER, Seferovic MD, Castro ECC, Major AM, Moorshead DN, Jochum MD, Rojas RF, Shope CD, Aagaard KM. SARS-CoV-2 niches in human placenta revealed by spatial transcriptomics. MED 2023; 4:612-634.e4. [PMID: 37423216 PMCID: PMC10527005 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional placental niches are presumed to spatially separate maternal-fetal antigens and restrict the vertical transmission of pathogens. We hypothesized a high-resolution map of placental transcription could provide direct evidence for niche microenvironments with unique functions and transcription profiles. METHODS We utilized Visium Spatial Transcriptomics paired with H&E staining to generate 17,927 spatial transcriptomes. By integrating these spatial transcriptomes with 273,944 placental single-cell and single-nuclei transcriptomes, we generated an atlas composed of at least 22 subpopulations in the maternal decidua, fetal chorionic villi, and chorioamniotic membranes. FINDINGS Comparisons of placentae from uninfected healthy controls (n = 4) with COVID-19 asymptomatic (n = 4) and symptomatic (n = 5) infected participants demonstrated that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection in syncytiotrophoblasts occurred in both the presence and the absence of maternal clinical disease. With spatial transcriptomics, we found that the limit of detection for SARS-CoV-2 was 1/7,000 cells, and placental niches without detectable viral transcripts were unperturbed. In contrast, niches with high SARS-CoV-2 transcript levels were associated with significant upregulation in pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferon-stimulated genes, altered metallopeptidase signaling (TIMP1), with coordinated shifts in macrophage polarization, histiocytic intervillositis, and perivillous fibrin deposition. Fetal sex differences in gene expression responses to SARS-CoV-2 were limited, with confirmed mapping limited to the maternal decidua in males. CONCLUSIONS High-resolution placental transcriptomics with spatial resolution revealed dynamic responses to SARS-CoV-2 in coordinate microenvironments in the absence and presence of clinically evident disease. FUNDING This work was supported by the NIH (R01HD091731 and T32-HD098069), NSF (2208903), the Burroughs Welcome Fund and the March of Dimes Preterm Birth Research Initiatives, and a Career Development Award from the American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico R Barrozo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maxim D Seferovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eumenia C C Castro
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angela M Major
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David N Moorshead
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Immunology and Microbiology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael D Jochum
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ricardo Ferral Rojas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cynthia D Shope
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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Sureshchandra S, Doratt BM, True H, Mendoza N, Rincon M, Marshall NE, Messaoudi I. Multimodal profiling of term human decidua demonstrates immune adaptations with pregravid obesity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112769. [PMID: 37432849 PMCID: PMC10528932 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte diversity of the first-trimester maternal-fetal interface has been extensively described; however, the immunological landscape of the term decidua remains poorly understood. We therefore profiled human leukocytes from term decidua collected via scheduled cesarean delivery. Relative to the first trimester, our analyses show a shift from NK cells and macrophages to T cells and enhanced immune activation. Although circulating and decidual T cells are phenotypically distinct, they demonstrate significant clonotype sharing. We also report significant diversity within decidual macrophages, the frequency of which positively correlates with pregravid maternal body mass index. Interestingly, the ability of decidual macrophages to respond to bacterial ligands is reduced with pregravid obesity, suggestive of skewing toward immunoregulation as a possible mechanism to safeguard the fetus against excessive maternal inflammation. These findings are a resource for future studies investigating pathological conditions that compromise fetal health and reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Sureshchandra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Brianna M Doratt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Heather True
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Norma Mendoza
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Monica Rincon
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Nicole E Marshall
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Yang H, Chelariu-Raicu A, Makri D, Ori C, Ribeiro PCP, Kolben T, Kuhn C, Kessler M, Schulz C, Mahner S, Jeschke U, von Schönfeldt V. Updates of placental macrophages: Origins, molecular markers, functions, and related diseases. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 157:103942. [PMID: 36989681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Placental macrophages are highly heterogeneous cells with differential phenotypes and functions defined by differential origins and modulated by the changing placental environment. During pregnancy, placental macrophages play a critical role in embryo implantation, placenta formation and homeostasis, fetal development and parturition. This review summarizes recent findings on the cellular origin of placental macrophages, and provide a comprehensive description of their phenotypes, corresponding molecular markers and functions in human placenta. Finally, alterations of placental macrophages in pregnancy-related diseases are discussed.
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Disruption of the Expression of the Placental Clock and Melatonin Genes in Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032363. [PMID: 36768691 PMCID: PMC9917141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms have been described in numerous tissues of living organisms and are necessary for homeostasis. The understanding of their role in normal and pathological pregnancy is only just emerging. It has been established that clock genes are expressed in the placenta of animals and humans, but the rhythmicity of placenta immune cells is not known. Macrophages from healthy placenta of women at term were isolated and the expression of clock genes BMAL1, CLOCK, PER2, CRY2, and NR1D1 was assessed by qRT-PCR every 4 h over 24 h. Raw data were treated with cosinor analysis to evaluate the significance of the oscillations. Placental macrophages exhibited significant circadian expression of clock genes but one third of placental macrophages lost clock gene rhythmicity; the clock gene oscillations were restored by co-culture with trophoblasts. We wondered if melatonin, a key hormone regulating circadian rhythm, was involved in the oscillations of placental cells. We showed that macrophages and trophoblasts produced melatonin and expressed MT2 receptor. In women who developed preeclampsia during pregnancy, circadian oscillations of placental macrophages were lost and could not be rescued by coculture with trophoblasts from healthy women. Moreover, production and oscillations of melatonin were altered in preeclamptic macrophages. For the first time to our knowledge, this study shows circadian rhythms and melatonin production by placental macrophages. It also shows that preeclampsia is associated with a disruption of the circadian rhythm of placental cells. These results represent a new scientific breakthrough that may contribute to the prevention and treatment of obstetrical pathologies.
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Mercnik MH, Schliefsteiner C, Fluhr H, Wadsack C. Placental macrophages present distinct polarization pattern and effector functions depending on clinical onset of preeclampsia. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1095879. [PMID: 36713449 PMCID: PMC9878680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1095879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are resident macrophages of the human placenta, regulating immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis. HBCs of a normal placenta (CTR) exhibit mainly an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Under exaggerated chronic inflammation during pregnancy, as in preeclampsia (PE), a phenotypic switch towards M1 polarization has been proposed. PE, defined as maternally derived syndrome can be distinguished into two different entities: early-onset (EO) preeclampsia and late-onset (LO) preeclampsia. Although the clinical presenting characteristics overlap, both can be identified by biochemical markers, heritability, and different maternal and fetal outcomes. To date, no study has specifically investigated polarization and phenotype of EO- and LO-PE HBCs and looked at possible changes in HBC functionality. Primary HBCs were isolated from CTR and PE placentae. First, in vitro morphological differences were observed between CTR and PE HBCs, with both PE groups exhibiting features of M1 macrophages alongside M2 forms. Interestingly, a different polarization pattern was observed between EO- and LO-PE HBCs. EO-PE HBCs develop a tissue remodeling M2 phenotype that is strongly shifted toward M1 polarization and showed a significant upregulation of CD86, TLR4, and HLA-DR. Furthermore, this pro-inflammatory signature is corroborated by higher expression of IRF5 and of NOS2 (p ≤ 0.05). However, their M2 characteristics is reflected by significant TGF-β secretion and ARG1 expression. In contrast, LO-PE HBCs developed a phagocytic CD209-low M2 phenotype in which the M1 pattern was not as pronounced as they downregulated the NOS2 gene, but expressed increased levels of pro-inflammatory CD80 and TLR1 (p ≤ 0.05). The enhanced phagocytosis and MMP-9 secretion alongside the increased secretion of anti-inflammatory IL -4, IL -13 and TGF-β in both EO- and LO-PE HBCs suggests their adaptive role and plasticity in resolving inflammation and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Herbert Fluhr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria,*Correspondence: Christian Wadsack,
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Gorvel L, Olive D. Tumor associated macrophage in HPV + tumors: Between immunosuppression and inflammation. Semin Immunol 2023; 65:101671. [PMID: 36459926 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, with the rise of immunotherapies, tumor infiltrating immune cells were increasingly investigated. Indeed, they may represent biomarkers for patient outcome prediction, they may bear immune checkpoint markers that can be targeted by therapeutic antibodies and mechanistic studies may reveal how to tweak their activation profile so that we can re-direct them towards tumor cells. Macrophages possess a central place in tissue homeostasis for tissue remodeling and cleaning, transformed cell elimination, phagocytosis and regulation of inflammation via cytokine production. All these functions allow the discovery of approaches to target Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs) using immunotherapies. Indeed, TAMs express known immune checkpoint markers such as PD-L1, CD40, Sirp-α and markers such as CD163, CD204, TREM2, TREM1 associated with prognosis. In the context of therapies TAM may participate to antibody dependent cell phagocytosis (ADCP) thanks to FCγ-Receptors. Here, we will review the recent literature on TAMs in the specific context of HPV+ tumors. Indeed, HPV infection of mucosal tissue may lead to head and neck, cervical, penile, anal and vaginal cancers. HPV+ tumors exhibit a higher immune cell infiltrate, which relies on inflammation, immunosuppression and anti-viral response. In this context, and considering the many functions on macrophages, we will show the versatility of TAMs in a tumor microenvironment with viral infection features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Gorvel
- Tumor immunology laboratory, IBISA immunomonitoring platform, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Marseille, France.
| | - Daniel Olive
- Tumor immunology laboratory, IBISA immunomonitoring platform, Cancer Research Center of Marseille, Marseille, France
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11
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Pantazi P, Kaforou M, Tang Z, Abrahams VM, McArdle A, Guller S, Holder B. Placental macrophage responses to viral and bacterial ligands and the influence of fetal sex. iScience 2022; 25:105653. [PMID: 36505933 PMCID: PMC9732417 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and viral infections of the placenta are associated with inflammation and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are fetal-origin macrophages in the placenta, proposed to protect the fetus from vertical pathogen transmission. We performed quantitative proteomics on term HBCs under resting conditions and following exposure to bacterial and viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and investigated the contribution of fetal sex. Resting HBCs expressed proteins pertinent to macrophage function, including chemokines, cytokines, Toll-like receptors, and major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecules. HBCs mounted divergent responses to bacterial versus viral PAMPs but exhibited protein expression changes suggestive of a more pro-inflammatory phenotype. A comparison between male and female HBCs showed that the latter mounted a stronger and wider response. Here, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the sex-dependent responses of placental macrophages to infectious triggers, which were primarily associated with lipid metabolism in males and cytoskeleton organization in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paschalia Pantazi
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Myrsini Kaforou
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Zhonghua Tang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Vikki M. Abrahams
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Andrew McArdle
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Seth Guller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Beth Holder
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
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12
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The pathologic changes of human placental macrophages in women with hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Placenta 2022; 130:60-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Deletion of ACLY Disrupts Histone Acetylation and IL-10 Secretion in Trophoblasts, Which Inhibits M2 Polarization of Macrophages: A Possible Role in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5216786. [PMID: 35602106 PMCID: PMC9117018 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5216786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Changes to macrophage polarization affect the local microenvironment of the placenta, resulting in pathological pregnancy diseases such as recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Macrophages are in close contact with trophoblasts during placental development, and trophoblast-derived cytokines are important regulators of macrophage polarization and function. Histone acetylation can affect the expression and secretion of cytokines, and ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) is an important factor that regulates histone acetylation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ACLY expression differences in trophoblast on macrophage polarization and its mechanism. Our data demonstrate that ACLY level in placental villi of patients with RSA is decreased, which may lead to the inhibition of histone acetylation in trophoblasts, thereby reducing the secretion of IL-10. Reduced IL-10 secretion activates endoplasmic reticulum stress in macrophages, thus inhibiting their M2 polarization.
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14
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True H, Blanton M, Sureshchandra S, Messaoudi I. Monocytes and macrophages in pregnancy: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Immunol Rev 2022; 308:77-92. [PMID: 35451089 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A successful human pregnancy requires precisely timed adaptations by the maternal immune system to support fetal growth while simultaneously protecting mother and fetus against microbial challenges. The first trimester of pregnancy is characterized by a robust increase in innate immune activity that promotes successful implantation of the blastocyst and placental development. Moreover, early pregnancy is also a state of increased vulnerability to vertically transmitted pathogens notably, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Zika virus (ZIKV), SARS-CoV-2, and Listeria monocytogenes. As gestation progresses, the second trimester is marked by the establishment of an immunosuppressive environment that promotes fetal tolerance and growth while preventing preterm birth, spontaneous abortion, and other gestational complications. Finally, the period leading up to labor and parturition is characterized by the reinstatement of an inflammatory milieu triggering childbirth. These dynamic waves of carefully orchestrated changes have been dubbed the "immune clock of pregnancy." Monocytes in maternal circulation and tissue-resident macrophages at the maternal-fetal interface play a critical role in this delicate balance. This review will summarize the current data describing the longitudinal changes in the phenotype and function of monocyte and macrophage populations in healthy and complicated pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather True
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Madison Blanton
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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15
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Fakonti G, Pantazi P, Bokun V, Holder B. Placental Macrophage (Hofbauer Cell) Responses to Infection During Pregnancy: A Systematic Scoping Review. Front Immunol 2022; 12:756035. [PMID: 35250964 PMCID: PMC8895398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.756035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital infection of the fetus via trans-placental passage of pathogens can result in severe morbidity and mortality. Even without transmission to the fetus, infection of the placenta itself is associated with pregnancy complications including pregnancy loss and preterm birth. Placental macrophages, also termed Hofbauer cells (HBCs), are fetal-origin macrophages residing in the placenta that are likely involved in responding to placental infection and protection of the developing fetus. As HBCs are the only immune cell present in the villous placenta, they represent one of the final opportunities for control of infection and prevention of passage to the developing fetus. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The objective of this review was to provide a systematic overview of the literature regarding HBC responses during infection in pregnancy, including responses to viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens. METHODS PubMed and Scopus were searched on May 20th, 2021, with no limit on publication date, to identify all papers that have studied placental macrophages/Hofbauer cells in the context of infection. The following search strategy was utilized: (hofbauer* OR "hofbauer cells" OR "hofbauer cell" OR "placental macrophage" OR "placental macrophages") AND [infect* OR virus OR viral OR bacteri* OR parasite* OR pathogen* OR LPS OR "poly(i:c)" OR toxoplasm* OR microb* OR HIV)]. OUTCOMES 86 studies were identified for review. This included those that investigated HBCs in placentas from pregnancies complicated by maternal infection and in vitro studies investigating HBC responses to pathogens or Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs). HBCs can be infected by a variety of pathogens, and HBC hyperplasia was a common observation. HBCs respond to pathogen infection and PAMPs by altering their transcriptional, translational and secretion profiles. Co-culture investigations demonstrate that they can replicate and transmit pathogens to other cells. In other cases, they may eliminate the pathogen through a variety of mechanisms including phagocytosis, cytokine-mediated pathogen elimination, release of macrophage extracellular traps and HBC-antibody-mediated neutralization. HBC responses differ across gestation and may be influenced by pre-existing immunity. Clinical information, including gestational age at infection, gestational age of the samples, mode of sample collection and pregnancy outcome were missing for the majority of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Beth Holder
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Gay L, Melenotte C, Lopez A, Desnues B, Raoult D, Leone M, Mezouar S, Mege JL. Impact of Sex Hormones on Macrophage Responses to Coxiella burnetii. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705088. [PMID: 34987498 PMCID: PMC8720845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Q fever, a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, affects more males than females despite a similar level of exposure. A protective role of estradiol has been reported in mice, suggesting that sex hormones are involved in C. burnetii infection. We wondered whether the responses of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) to C. burnetii are influenced by sex hormones. Materials and Methods The bacterial intracellular fate in monocytes was studied using quantitative PCR, and monocyte cytokine production in response to C. burnetii was assessed using qRT-PCR and immunoassays. Before infection, MDMs from males and females were incubated with testosterone and estradiol, respectively. Results Bacterial uptake and persistence were similar in monocytes from males and females but were slightly increased in male MDMs. The expression of inflammatory genes, including those encoding TNF and CXCL10, was higher in MDMs from females than in MDMs from males infected by C. burnetii. Adding testosterone to male MDMs amplified their immunoregulatory properties, including increased expression of IL10 and TGFB genes and TGF-β production in response to C. burnetii. In contrast, adding estradiol to MDMs from females had no effect on their inflammatory profile. Conclusion The stronger inflammatory profile of macrophages from females may have a protective role, likely under estrogen control, while testosterone may affect disease progression by promoting an anti-inflammatory response. This finding may have consequences for personalized management of patients with Q fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Gay
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), Marseille, France
- Department of Immunology, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Cléa Melenotte
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), Marseille, France
- Department of Immunology, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Lopez
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille Univ, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
| | - Benoit Desnues
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), Marseille, France
- Department of Immunology, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), Marseille, France
- Department of Immunology, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Leone
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), Marseille, France
- Department of Immunology, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille Univ, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), Marseille, France
- Department of Immunology, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- Aix-Marseille University, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbes, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection (MEPHI), Marseille, France
- Department of Immunology, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille University, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Hôpital de la Conception, Laboratoire d’Immunologie, Marseille, France
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17
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Nguyen LM, Omage JI, Noble K, McNew KL, Moore DJ, Aronoff DM, Doster RS. Group B streptococcal infection of the genitourinary tract in pregnant and non-pregnant patients with diabetes mellitus: An immunocompromised host or something more? Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13501. [PMID: 34570418 PMCID: PMC8668237 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS), also known as Streptococcus agalactiae is a Gram-positive bacterium commonly encountered as part of the microbiota within the human gastrointestinal tract. A common cause of infections during pregnancy, GBS is responsible for invasive diseases ranging from urinary tract infections to chorioamnionitis and neonatal sepsis. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease resulting from impaired regulation of blood glucose levels. The incidence of DM has steadily increased worldwide to affecting over 450 million people. Poorly controlled DM is associated with multiple health comorbidities including an increased risk for infection. Epidemiologic studies have clearly demonstrated that DM correlates with an increased risk for invasive GBS infections, including skin and soft tissue infections and sepsis in non-pregnant adults. However, the impact of DM on risk for invasive GBS urogenital infections, particularly during the already vulnerable time of pregnancy, is less clear. We review the evolving epidemiology, immunology, and pathophysiology of GBS urogenital infections including rectovaginal colonization during pregnancy, neonatal infections of infants exposed to DM in utero, and urinary tract infections in pregnant and non-pregnant adults in the context of DM and highlight in vitro studies examining why DM might increase risk for GBS urogenital infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynsa M Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joel I Omage
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kristen Noble
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kelsey L McNew
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel J Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David M Aronoff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ryan S Doster
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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18
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Sureshchandra S, Marshall NE, Mendoza N, Jankeel A, Zulu MZ, Messaoudi I. Functional and genomic adaptations of blood monocytes to pregravid obesity during pregnancy. iScience 2021; 24:102690. [PMID: 34195568 PMCID: PMC8233196 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregravid obesity is associated with several adverse maternal health outcomes, such as increased risk of infection, suggesting an altered immunological state. However, the mechanisms by which obesity disrupts the pregnancy “immune clock” are still unknown. Here, we profiled circulating immune mediators, immune cell subset frequencies, and peripheral immune responses during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy in lean and obese mothers. While both Th1 and Th2 cytokines were elevated with pregnancy regardless of BMI, obese subjects had dysregulated myeloid factors in circulation at term. Pregnancy in lean subjects was associated with enhanced monocyte activation, augmented chromatin accessibility at inflammatory loci, and heightened responses to LPS. Pregravid obesity disrupted this trajectory, resulting in a lack of transcriptional, epigenetic, and metabolic changes strongly suggesting a skewing toward innate immune tolerance. These findings provide novel insight into the increased susceptibility to infections in women with obesity during pregnancy and following cesarean delivery. Pregnancy is associated with activation and enhanced responses of monocytes Heightened monocyte response is associated with epigenetic adaptions Pregravid obesity leads to a state akin to LPS tolerance in monocytes Pregravid obesity is associated with a lack of epigenetic and metabolic plasticity
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Sureshchandra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, 2400 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Nicole E Marshall
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Norma Mendoza
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, 2400 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Allen Jankeel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, 2400 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Michael Z Zulu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, 2400 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, 2400 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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19
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From Coxiella burnetii Infection to Pregnancy Complications: Key Role of the Immune Response of Placental Cells. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050627. [PMID: 34069587 PMCID: PMC8160966 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The infection of pregnant animals and women by Coxiella burnetii, an intracellular bacterium, compromises both maternal health and foetal development. The placenta is targeted by C. burnetii, as demonstrated by bacteriological and histological evidence. It now appears that placental strains of C. burnetii are highly virulent compared to reference strains and that placental injury involves different types of placental cells. Trophoblasts, the major placental cells, are largely infected by C. burnetii and may represent a replicating niche for the bacteria. The placenta also contains numerous immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells. Placental macrophages are infected and activated by C. burnetii in an unusual way of M1 polarisation associated with bacterial elimination. Placental mast cells eliminate bacteria through a mechanism including the release of extracellular actin filaments and antimicrobial peptides. In contrast, C. burnetii impairs the maturation of decidual dendritic cells, favouring bacterial pathogenicity. Our aim is to review C. burnetii infections of human placentas, paying special attention to both the action and function of the different cell types, immune cells, and trophoblasts targeted by C. burnetii in relation to foetal injury.
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20
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Tauber Z, Cizkova K. The anti-inflammatory role of placental Hofbauer cells is altered in patients with chorioamnionitis: Are CYP2C8 and soluble epoxide hydrolase involved in immunomodulation? BIOMEDICAL PAPERS OF THE MEDICAL FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY PALACKY, OLOMOUC, CZECHOSLOVAKIA 2021; 166:267-273. [PMID: 33976432 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are placental macrophages playing various roles during normal and complicated pregnancies, and of the latter, chorioamnionitis is the most frequent. METHODS In placenta with chorioamnionitis, we examined immunohistochemical expression profiles of IL-1β, IL-10, and their potential regulators, CYP2C8 and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), in Hofbauer cells and compared the results with our previously published data for normal placenta. RESULTS We found that the expression profiles of the studied proteins in Hofbauer cells in chorioamnionitis differs from normal placenta. In chorioamnionitis, HBCs showed a moderate expression of IL-1β together with a weak expression of IL-10 and CYP2C8. Contrary to normal placenta, HBCs in chorioamnionitis express sEH. We demonstrated a moderate positive correlation between the expression of CYP2C8 and sEH in chorioamnionitis (Spearman r = 0.5654), suggesting enhanced degradation of anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Moreover, the relations of IL-1β and IL-10 to CYP2C8, previously described in normal placenta, disappeared. Furthermore, a weak expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10 in chorioamnionitis was accompanied by change in circularity of HBCs (Spearman r = 0.8193). CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggest a possible alteration of the anti-inflammatory role of HBCs and its regulation in chorioamnionitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Tauber
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Cizkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
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21
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Bilici G, Ural C, Saçik U, Çavdar Z, Erbil G. The effects of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on placental Hofbauer cells of pregnant rats. Biotech Histochem 2021; 97:126-135. [PMID: 33845696 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.1912828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of maternal thyroid disorders on Hofbauer cells of both the placenta and the fetus in pregnant rats. We divided 21 rats into three groups: control group, induced hypothyroidism (hypo) group and induced hyperthyroidism (hyper) group. Hypothyroidism was induced using propylthiouracil and hyperthyroidism was induced using L-thyroxine. We measured maternal weight, maternal free thyroxine, fetal weight, fetal viability and placental morphology. At the end of the experiment, fetuses of the hypo and hyper groups were less developed than those of the control group. In the hypo and hyper groups, the thickness of the labyrinth zone was decreased, but thickness of the basal zone and decidua basalis was increased. The number of Hofbauer cells was increased in both the hypo and hyper groups. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression was increased in both the hypo and hyper groups compared to controls. Our findings indicate that maternal thyroid disorders exert a negative effect on fetal growth and placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçen Bilici
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cemre Ural
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Uygar Saçik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zahide Çavdar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Güven Erbil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
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22
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Tauber Z, Chroma K, Baranova R, Cizkova K. The expression patterns of IL-1β and IL-10 and their relation to CYP epoxygenases in normal human placenta. Ann Anat 2021; 236:151671. [PMID: 33440233 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The success of pregnancy depends on the regulation of immunological processes in the placenta. Important mediators of an immune response include pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukins which may be regulated by CYP epoxygenases and their metabolites. The relation between interleukins and CYP epoxygenases expression in human placenta has not yet been studied vastly. MATERIAL AND METHODS We investigated the expression patterns of IL-1β and IL-10 in embryonic (n=8), early foetal (n=16) and term (n=7) human placenta tissue by an immunohistochemical method and evaluated the results by Kruskal-Wallis test. The obtained data was correlated using Spearman's correlation coefficient to our previously published data of CYP epoxygenases expression in the same samples. To confirm that Hofbauer cells express IL-10 and IL-1β as well as CYP2C8 and IL-10 together, and thus there is a relation between proteins of interests, we used multiplex immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS The expression of IL-1β decreased with gestational age in cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast, as well as in Hofbauer cells whilst IL-10 decreased in cytotrophoblast, remained at the same levels in syncytiotrophoblast and increased in Hofbauer cells. In trophoblast cells, we found a statistically significant positive correlation between the expression of CYP2J2 and CYP2C9 with IL-1β, whereas there was no relation between IL-10 and any of the tested CYP epoxygenases. In Hofbauer cells, we found a significant positive correlation between CYP2C8 and IL-10 and a significant negative correlation between CYP2C8 and IL-1β. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the exact role and relation of interleukins and CYP epoxygenases and their metabolites is dependent on their respective cellular context. Because of IL-10, IL-1β, as well as HBCs play a role in various pathological conditions, further investigation of the exact role of CYP epoxygenase, interleukins and their relations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Tauber
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Katarina Chroma
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Romana Baranova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Katerina Cizkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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23
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Tauber Z, Foltynkova T, Cizkova K. Morphometric analysis of Hofbauer cells in normal placenta and chorioamnionitis in humans. Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 50:396-403. [PMID: 33305867 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hofbauer cells are macrophages residing in the stroma of placental villi and play a number of roles during normal pregnancy, as well as pathological conditions. A morphometric analysis of Hofbauer cells, in particular to investigate the number of cells, their size and shape in samples of normal human placenta from 1st trimester, term and with chorioamnionitis was performed. Tissue samples were immunostained for CD206 antigen and evaluated using ImageJ software. We detected significant changes in number and morphology of HBCs between normal placenta and placenta with chorioamnionitis samples. In chorioamnionitis, the cells were unevenly distributed within the villi, generally present in higher numbers, larger and more elongated than those in normal 1st trimester and term placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Tauber
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Foltynkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Cizkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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24
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Ding J, Yang C, Cheng Y, Wang J, Zhang S, Yan S, He F, Yin T, Yang J. Trophoblast-derived IL-6 serves as an important factor for normal pregnancy by activating Stat3-mediated M2 macrophages polarization. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:106788. [PMID: 32718866 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are major components of decidual microenvironment that play an important role in human implantation and placentation. Trophoblasts which migrate into the endometrium and interplay with decidual cells, have been reported to participate in the polarization of macrophages. However, the potential mechanisms of trophoblasts modulating M2 macrophages polarization still need further exploration. Herein, we used the co-cultured model to investigate the interaction between macrophages and trophoblasts. Our results illustrated that when co-cultured with trophoblasts, macrophages tended to polarize to M2-subtype, accompanied by increased expression of multiple M2 markers including CD206 and CCL18 mRNA expression and IL-10 and TGF-β protein level. Further experiments identified that trophoblast-derived IL-6, as the major contributor, promoted M2 macrophages polarization by activating Stat3 pathway. Moreover, activated M2 macrophages exerted a promoting role in the invasion and migration of trophoblasts in a feedback manner. Clinically, results from histology demonstrated that IL-6 expression in placental villous tissues was positive correlated with CD206-positive macrophage infiltration in decidua in normal pregnancy patients. Altogether, our findings indicate that trophoblasts induce M2 macrophages polarization via IL-6/Stat3 signal pathway, which in turn promote the invasion and migration of trophoblasts. These results provide insights into the crosstalk between macrophages and trophoblasts at maternal-fetal microenvironment in normal pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Ding
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University & Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Chaogang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430073, Hubei, China
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University & Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Sainan Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University & Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Sisi Yan
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University & Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Tailang Yin
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University & Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University & Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China.
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Winkler CW, Evans AB, Carmody AB, Peterson KE. Placental Myeloid Cells Protect against Zika Virus Vertical Transmission in a Rag1-Deficient Mouse Model. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:143-152. [PMID: 32493813 PMCID: PMC8328348 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability of Zika virus (ZIKV) to cross the placenta and infect the fetus is a key mechanism by which ZIKV causes microcephaly. How the virus crosses the placenta and the role of the immune response in this process remain unclear. In the current study, we examined how ZIKV infection affected innate immune cells within the placenta and fetus and whether these cells influenced virus vertical transmission (VTx). We found myeloid cells were elevated in the placenta of pregnant ZIKV-infected Rag1-/- mice treated with an anti-IFNAR Ab, primarily at the end of pregnancy as well as transiently in the fetus several days before birth. These cells, which included maternal monocyte/macrophages, neutrophils, and fetal myeloid cells contained viral RNA and infectious virus, suggesting they may be infected and contributing to viral replication and VTx. However, depletion of monocyte/macrophage myeloid cells from the dam during ZIKV infection resulted in increased ZIKV infection in the fetus. Myeloid cells in the fetus were not depleted in this experiment, likely because of an inability of liposome particles containing the cytotoxic drug to cross the placenta. Thus, the increased virus infection in the fetus was not the result of an impaired fetal myeloid response or breakdown of the placental barrier. Collectively, these data suggest that monocyte/macrophage myeloid cells in the placenta play a significant role in inhibiting ZIKV VTx to the fetus, possibly through phagocytosis of virus or virus-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton W Winkler
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840; and
| | - Alyssa B Evans
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840; and
| | - Aaron B Carmody
- Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840
| | - Karin E Peterson
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840; and
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26
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Schliefsteiner C, Ibesich S, Wadsack C. Placental Hofbauer Cell Polarization Resists Inflammatory Cues In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030736. [PMID: 31979196 PMCID: PMC7038058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Feto-placental Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are macrophages residing in placental stroma. They are generally described as anti-inflammatory M2 polarized cells, promoting tolerance and tissue remodeling. In certain pathologies, however, a possible phenotypical switch towards pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages has been proposed. The study aimed to determine if HBCs can acquire an M1 phenotype under pro-inflammatory conditions in vitro. HBCs were isolated from healthy human term placentas. Cells were cultivated upon addition of LPS and INF-γ or IL-4 and IL-13 to induce the M1 and M2 phenotype, respectively. Specific cell polarization markers and cytokines, associated with respective phenotypes, were investigated by flow cytometry and ELISA. THP-1 macrophages served as positive control. Pro-inflammatory stimuli reduced M2 markers CD163 and DC-SIGN, but did not induce M1 markers. TNF-α release was increased, but at the same time TGF-β and IL-10 release was upregulated, resembling in part the M2b sub-phenotype. Anti-inflammatory stimuli had no effect on HBC polarization. HBCs maintain their M2 phenotype in vitro despite inflammatory stimuli, which might represent a state of adaption and tolerance to avoid rejection of the semiallogeneic feto-placental unit.
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27
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Mezouar S, Benammar I, Boumaza A, Diallo AB, Chartier C, Buffat C, Boudjarane J, Halfon P, Katsogiannou M, Mege JL. Full-Term Human Placental Macrophages Eliminate Coxiella burnetii Through an IFN-γ Autocrine Loop. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2434. [PMID: 31749776 PMCID: PMC6842979 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii is responsible for Q fever, an infectious disease that increases the risk of abortion, preterm labor, and stillbirth in pregnant women. It has been shown that C. burnetii replicates in BeWo trophoblast cell line and inhibits the activation and maturation of decidual dendritic cells. Although tissue macrophages are known to be targeted by C. burnetii, no studies have investigated the interplay between placental macrophages and C. burnetii. Here, CD14+ macrophages from 46 full-term placentas were isolated by positive selection. They consisted of a mixed population of maternal and fetal origin as shown by genotype analysis. We showed that C. burnetii organisms infected placental macrophages after 4 h. When these infected macrophages were incubated for an additional 9-day culture, they completely eliminated organisms as shown by quantitative PCR. The ability of placental macrophages to form multinucleated giant cells was not affected by C. burnetii infection. The transcriptional immune response of placental macrophages to C. burnetii was investigated using quantitative real-time RT-PCR on 8 inflammatory and 10 immunoregulatory genes. C. burnetii clearly induced an inflammatory profile. Interestingly, the production by placental macrophages of interferon-γ, a cytokine known to be involved in efficient immune responses, was dramatically increased in response to C. burnetii. In addition, a clear correlation between interferon-γ production and C. burnetii elimination was found, suggesting that macrophages from full-term placentas eliminate C. burnetii under the control of an autocrine production of interferon-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Mezouar
- Aix-Marseille Université, MEPHI, IRD, APHM, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Imene Benammar
- Aix-Marseille Université, MEPHI, IRD, APHM, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Asma Boumaza
- Aix-Marseille Université, MEPHI, IRD, APHM, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Aïssatou Bailo Diallo
- Aix-Marseille Université, MEPHI, IRD, APHM, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Céline Chartier
- Aix-Marseille Université, MEPHI, IRD, APHM, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Buffat
- APHM, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - John Boudjarane
- INSERM U1251, Centre de Génétique Médicale MMG, APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Maria Katsogiannou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpital Saint Joseph, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- Aix-Marseille Université, MEPHI, IRD, APHM, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,APHM, UF Immunologie, Marseille, France
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28
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Sureshchandra S, Marshall NE, Messaoudi I. Impact of pregravid obesity on maternal and fetal immunity: Fertile grounds for reprogramming. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:1035-1050. [PMID: 31483523 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ri0619-181r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal pregravid obesity results in several adverse health outcomes during pregnancy, including increased risk of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, placental abruption, and complications at delivery. Additionally, pregravid obesity and in utero exposure to high fat diet have been shown to have detrimental effects on fetal programming, predisposing the offspring to adverse cardiometabolic, endocrine, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. More recently, a deeper appreciation for the modulation of offspring immunity and infectious disease-related outcomes by maternal pregravid obesity has emerged. This review will describe currently available animal models for studying the impact of maternal pregravid obesity on fetal immunity and review the data from clinical and animal model studies. We also examine the burden of pregravid obesity on the maternal-fetal interface and the link between placental and systemic inflammation. Finally, we discuss future studies needed to identify key mechanistic underpinnings that link maternal inflammatory changes and fetal cellular reprogramming events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Sureshchandra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nicole E Marshall
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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29
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Zhang Y, Ma L, Hu X, Ji J, Mor G, Liao A. The role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in macrophage differentiation and function during pregnancy. Hum Reprod 2019; 34:25-36. [PMID: 30500923 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the role of the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) axis in macrophage polarization during early pregnancy? SUMMARY ANSWER PD-1 signaling is a major regulator of macrophage differentiation and function, and it is critical for the success of a pregnancy. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The predominance of decidual macrophages (DMs) with an M2 phenotype is an important contributor to maternal-fetal tolerance during early pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Twenty-four women with recurrent miscarriage (RM) and 70 women undergoing elective termination of an early normal pregnancy (NP) were included. Twelve female CBA/J, four male DBA/2, and four male BALB/c mice were included and mating carried out. The 12 CBA/J pregnant mice were then categorized into three groups of four mice: healthy control group CBA/J×BALB/c, abortion-prone pregnant group CBA/J×DBA/2 and normal pregnancies CBA/J×BALB/c treated with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The profile of DMs, and the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in DMs from women with NP and RM were measured by flow cytometry. PD-L1 expression in human villi was determined by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. An in vitro model consisting of peripheral CD14+ monocytes isolated from women with NP was used. The profile of differentiated macrophages and their phagocytotic activity were then measured by flow cytometry. The mRNA levels of genes potentially underlying macrophage polarization modulated by PD-1 signaling were determined by qRT-PCR. Twelve pregnant mice were included in our in vivo model and underwent different treatment. The embryo resorption rate, and macrophage profile as well as PD-1 expression in murine spleens and uterus were analyzed by flow cytometry. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Compared with NP, women with RM had elevated percentages of M1 DMs (P < 0.01), and reduced frequencies of M2 DMs (P < 0.05), as well as decreased PD-1 protein expression (P < 0.05) in the DMs. In addition, decreased mRNA and protein levels of PD-L1 expression in placental villi were observed in women with RM (P < 0.001). Using in vitro experiments, compared to the control group, we found that PD-1 activation by recombinant human (rh) PD-L1 Fc (human PD-L1 fused to the Fc region of human IgG1) drove the differentiation of macrophages with immuno-modulatory characteristics (P < 0.01). However, PD-1 blockade promoted dominance of the M1 phenotype (P < 0.01). PD-1 polarized macrophages showed enhanced phagocytic activity (P < 0.01), which was decreased with PD-1 blockade (P < 0.001). Furthermore, PD-1 blockade promoted the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 5 (P < 0.05), while IRF4 expression was inhibited (P < 0.05). In addition, PD-1 blockade promoted macrophage glycolysis (P < 0.01) and inhibited fatty acid oxidation (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of both phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase were upregulated (P < 0.05) with PD-1 blockade during DM metabolic reprogramming. Moreover, in vivo mice data showed that PD-1 blockade or deficiency was associated with decreased M2 percentages at the maternal-fetal interface (P < 0.05) and embryo loss (P < 0.05). LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Whether the changes in DM polarization seen in miscarriage tissues are a cause or consequence of the demise of the pregnancy still requires further investigation. In addition, conducting metabolite analysis is required to further measure bioenergetic profiles. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This is the first study on the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in macrophage polarization during early pregnancy; such exploration enhances our understanding of the physiology of early pregnancy. Our study also indicates that targeting the PD-1 pathway may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent pregnancy loss. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 81671490) and Integrated Innovative Team for Major Human Diseases Program of Tongji Medical College, HUST (No. 5001519002). None of the authors has any conflict of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Zhang
- Family Planning Research Institute, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.,Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lina Ma
- Family Planning Research Institute, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- Family Planning Research Institute, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jinlu Ji
- Family Planning Research Institute, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Gil Mor
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aihua Liao
- Family Planning Research Institute, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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30
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Mezouar S, Ben Amara A, Chartier C, Gorvel L, Mege JL. A Fast and Reliable Method to Isolate Human Placental Macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 125:e77. [PMID: 31125190 DOI: 10.1002/cpim.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are specialized cells involved in recognition, uptake, and destruction of microorganisms. Human placental macrophages are poorly investigated because of the lack of a convenient protocol for their isolation. Here, we present a straightforward and reliable method to isolate macrophages from full-term human placentas. After enzymatic digestion of placental tissue and centrifugation of the cell suspension on a Ficoll cushion, placental macrophages are selected using magnetic beads coated with anti-CD14 antibodies. Isolated cells are characterized by flow cytometry. Ninety eight percent of isolated CD14+ placental macrophages also express the macrophage marker CD68. Thus, this efficient and reliable method yields placental macrophages at high purity and sufficient quantity for functional studies. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Mezouar
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Amira Ben Amara
- CRCM, CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Céline Chartier
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Gorvel
- CRCM, CNRS UMR7258, INSERM U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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31
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Zulu MZ, Martinez FO, Gordon S, Gray CM. The Elusive Role of Placental Macrophages: The Hofbauer Cell. J Innate Immun 2019; 11:447-456. [PMID: 30970346 DOI: 10.1159/000497416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the often overlooked tissue-resident fetal macrophages, Hofbauer cells, which are found within the chorionic villi of the human placenta. Hofbauer cells have been shown to have a phenotype associated with regulatory and anti-inflammatory functions. They are thought to play a crucial role in the regulation of pregnancy and in the maintenance of a homeostatic environment that is crucial for fetal development. Even though the numbers of these macrophages are some of the most abundant immune cells in the human placenta, which are sustained throughout pregnancy, there are very few studies that have identified their origin, their phenotype, and functions and why they are maintained throughout gestation. It is not yet understood how Hofbauer cells may change in function throughout normal pregnancy, and especially in those complicated by maternal gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and viral infections, such as Zika, cytomegalovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus. We review what is known about the origin of these macrophages and explore how common complications of pregnancy dysregulate these cells leading to adverse birth outcomes in humans. Our synthesis sheds light on areas for human studies that can further define these innate regulatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Z Zulu
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fernando O Martinez
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Siamon Gordon
- Chang Gung University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Clive M Gray
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, .,National Health Laboratory Services/Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa,
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32
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Sutton JA, Rogers LM, Dixon B, Kirk L, Doster R, Algood HM, Gaddy JA, Flaherty R, Manning SD, Aronoff DM. Protein kinase D mediates inflammatory responses of human placental macrophages to Group B Streptococcus. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 81:e13075. [PMID: 30582878 PMCID: PMC6459189 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM During pregnancy, Group B Streptococcus (GBS) can infect fetal membranes to cause chorioamnionitis, resulting in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Macrophages are the primary resident phagocyte in extraplacental membranes. Protein kinase D (PKD) was recently implicated in mediating pro-inflammatory macrophage responses to GBS outside of the reproductive system. This work aimed to characterize the human placental macrophage inflammatory response to GBS and address the extent to which PKD mediates such effects. METHOD Primary human placental macrophages were infected with GBS in the presence or absence of a specific, small molecule PKD inhibitor, CRT 0066101. Macrophage phenotypes were characterized by evaluating gene expression, cytokine release, assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and NFκB activation. RESULTS GBS evoked a strong inflammatory phenotype characterized by the release of inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 (P ≤ 0.05), NLRP3 inflammasome assembly (P ≤ 0.0005), and NFκB activation (P ≤ 0.05). Pharmacological inhibition of PKD suppressed these responses, newly implicating a role for PKD in mediating immune responses of primary human placental macrophages to GBS. CONCLUSION PKD plays a critical role in mediating placental macrophage inflammatory activation in response to GBS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Sutton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lisa M. Rogers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Beverly Dixon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Leslie Kirk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ryan Doster
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Holly M. Algood
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A
| | - Jennifer A. Gaddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.A
| | - Rebecca Flaherty
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Shannon D. Manning
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - David M. Aronoff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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Gene Expression Profiling of Placenta from Normal to Pathological Pregnancies. Placenta 2018. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.80551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Reyes L, Golos TG. Hofbauer Cells: Their Role in Healthy and Complicated Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2628. [PMID: 30498493 PMCID: PMC6249321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hofbauer cells are placental villous macrophages of fetal origin that are present throughout pregnancy. Although Hofbauer cell populations are antigenically and morphologically heterogeneous, their epigenetic, antigenic, and functional profiles most closely resemble alternatively activated macrophages or what are referred to as M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d polarity subtypes. Consistent with an M2-like profile, these cells play an important role in placental development including vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. During placental inflammation Hofbauer cells may produce pro-inflammatory cytokines or mediators that damage the villous cell barrier, and induce fibrotic responses within the villi as a continuum of chronic inflammation. However, to date, there is no evidence that Hofbauer cells become classically activated or adopt an M1 polarity phenotype that is able to kill microbes. To the contrary, their predominant M2 like qualities may be why these cells are ineffective in controlling most TORCH infections. Moreover, Hofbauer cells may contribute to vertical transmission of various pathogens to the fetus since they can harbor live virus and serve as reservoirs within the placenta. The goal of this review is to summarize what is currently known about the role of Hofbauer cells in normal and complicated pregnancies that involve immunologic disorders, inflammation, and/or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Reyes
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Hudalla H, Karenberg K, Kuon RJ, Pöschl J, Tschada R, Frommhold D. LPS-induced maternal inflammation promotes fetal leukocyte recruitment and prenatal organ infiltration in mice. Pediatr Res 2018; 84:757-764. [PMID: 30135596 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pro-inflammatory intrauterine milieu accounts for increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. We asked how maternal inflammation as seen in endotoxemia affects fetal leukocyte recruitment in vivo during late gestation. METHODS Inflammation was induced in pregnant LysEGFP-mice by intraperitoneal LPS injection between gestational day 14 and 18 (E14-E18). After 20 h, intravital fluorescence microscopy was performed on fetal yolk sac venules to examine leukocyte rolling (number of rolling cells/min) and adhesion (>30 s). Infiltration of neutrophils into chorion/amnion, lung, and kidney were quantified by immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS At high doses (2 × 1 mg/kg), LPS triggered preterm birth (PTB) and intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), with early gestations at high risk of IUFD and late gestations prone to PTB. Lower LPS dosing (2 × 0.25 mg/kg) did not induce labor, but promoted maternal and fetal cytokine production, as well as neutrophilic infiltration of fetal membranes, as seen in chorioamnionitis (CAM). Baseline fetal leukocyte recruitment increased throughout gestation, and maternal inflammation further augmented adhesion at E16-E18. Enhanced leukocyte recruitment ultimately translated into prominent infiltration of fetal lung and kidney. CONCLUSION LPS-induced maternal endotoxemia promotes IUFD, PTB, and fetal leukocyte recruitment depending on gestational age. Our proposed model may serve as a platform to test novel perinatal immune modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Hudalla
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children's Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katinka Karenberg
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children's Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruben-Jeremias Kuon
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Pöschl
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children's Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raphaela Tschada
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children's Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Frommhold
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children's Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Konwar C, Price EM, Wang LQ, Wilson SL, Terry J, Robinson WP. DNA methylation profiling of acute chorioamnionitis-associated placentas and fetal membranes: insights into epigenetic variation in spontaneous preterm births. Epigenetics Chromatin 2018; 11:63. [PMID: 30373633 PMCID: PMC6205793 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-018-0234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placental inflammation, often presenting as acute chorioamnionitis (aCA), is commonly associated with preterm birth. Preterm birth can have both immediate and long-term adverse effects on the health of the baby. Developing biomarkers of inflammation in the placenta can help to understand its effects and potentially lead to new approaches for rapid prenatal diagnosis of aCA. We aimed to characterize epigenetic variation associated with aCA in placenta (chorionic villi) and fetal membranes (chorion and amnion) to better understand how aCA may impact processes that lead to preterm birth. This study lays the groundwork for development of novel biomarkers for aCA. METHODS Samples from 44 preterm placentas (chorionic villi) as well as matched chorion and amnion for 16 of these cases were collected for this study. These samples were profiled using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation850 BeadChip to measure DNA methylation (DNAm) at 866,895 CpGs across the genome. An additional 78 placental samples were utilized to independently validate the array findings by pyrosequencing. RESULTS Using a false discovery rate of < 0.15 and average group difference in DNAm of > 0.05, 66 differentially methylated (DM) CpG sites were identified between aCA cases and non-aCA cases in chorionic villi. For the majority of these 66 DM CpGs, the DNAm profile of the aCA cases as compared to the non-aCA cases trended in the direction of the blood cell DNAm. Interestingly, neutrophil-specific DNAm signatures, but not those associated with other immune cell types, were capable of separating aCA cases from the non-aCA cases. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that aCA-associated placentas showed altered DNAm signatures that were not observed in the absence of aCA. This DNAm profile is consistent with the activation of the innate immune response in the placenta and/or reflect increase in neutrophils as a response to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaini Konwar
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
| | - E. Magda Price
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
| | - Li Qing Wang
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
| | - Samantha L. Wilson
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
| | - Jefferson Terry
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
- Department of Pathology, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
| | - Wendy P. Robinson
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4 Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
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Waddell LA, Lefevre L, Bush SJ, Raper A, Young R, Lisowski ZM, McCulloch MEB, Muriuki C, Sauter KA, Clark EL, Irvine KM, Pridans C, Hope JC, Hume DA. ADGRE1 (EMR1, F4/80) Is a Rapidly-Evolving Gene Expressed in Mammalian Monocyte-Macrophages. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2246. [PMID: 30327653 PMCID: PMC6174849 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The F4/80 antigen, encoded by the Adgre1 locus, has been widely-used as a monocyte-macrophage marker in mice, but its value as a macrophage marker in other species is unclear, and has even been questioned. ADGRE1 is a seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor with an extracellular domain containing repeated Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-like calcium binding domains. Using a new monoclonal antibody, we demonstrated that ADGRE1 is a myeloid differentiation marker in pigs, absent from progenitors in bone marrow, highly-expressed in mature granulocytes, monocytes, and tissue macrophages and induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) treatment in vivo. Based upon these observations, we utilized RNA-Seq to assess the expression of ADGRE1 mRNA in bone marrow or monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and alveolar macrophages from 8 mammalian species including pig, human, rat, sheep, goat, cow, water buffalo, and horse. ADGRE1 mRNA was expressed by macrophages in each species, with inter-species variation both in expression level and response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Analysis of the RNA-Seq data also revealed additional exons in several species compared to current Ensembl annotations. The ruminant species and horses appear to encode a complete duplication of the 7 EGF-like domains. In every species, Sashimi plots revealed evidence of exon skipping of the EGF-like domains, which are highly-variable between species and polymorphic in humans. Consistent with these expression patterns, key elements of the promoter and a putative enhancer are also conserved across all species. The rapid evolution of this molecule and related ADGRE family members suggests immune selection and a role in pathogen recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A. Waddell
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Lefevre
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Bush
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Raper
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Young
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Zofia M. Lisowski
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Charity Muriuki
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin A. Sauter
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emily L. Clark
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Clare Pridans
- Centre for Inflammation Research at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne C. Hope
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Hume
- Mater Research-University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Inflammation Research at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Belhareth R, Mezouar S, Ben Amara A, Chartier C, Azzouz EB, Chabrière E, Amri M, Mege JL. Cigarette smoke extract interferes with placenta macrophage functions: A new mechanism to compromise placenta functions? Reprod Toxicol 2018; 78:120-129. [PMID: 29673796 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The success of pregnancy depends on the maternal immune system's ability to promote tolerance and host defense. This equilibrium is compromised in inflammatory and infectious impairment of placenta. Smoking during pregnancy exposes the fetus to severe complications which might result from an alteration in placenta macrophages (pMφ) functions. In this study, we assessed the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the functions of third trimester pMφs.CSE inhibited particles uptake and the formation of multinucleated giant cells, a recently reported property of pMφs based on their ability to fuse in vitro. These alterations were associated with a CSE-induced abnormal activation of pMφs, which was characterized by an increased release of TNF, interleukin (IL)-33, and decreased IL-6 and IL-10 release. Furthermore, CSE enhanced the expression of metalloproteinase genes known to be involved in tissue remodeling. This effect of CSE on pMφs was specific because CSE affected circulating monocytes in a different way. Finally, we showed that nicotine affected in part the functional properties of pMφs. Taken together, these results showed that CSE modulated the functional activity of pMφs, which may compromise pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym Belhareth
- Aix-Marseille University, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Transmissibles et Emergentes (URMITE), CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies UR/11ES09, FST Campus Universitaire, 2092, El Manar Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Aix-Marseille University, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Transmissibles et Emergentes (URMITE), CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Amira Ben Amara
- Aix-Marseille University, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Transmissibles et Emergentes (URMITE), CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Céline Chartier
- Aix-Marseille University, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Transmissibles et Emergentes (URMITE), CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Eya Ben Azzouz
- Aix-Marseille University, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Transmissibles et Emergentes (URMITE), CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Chabrière
- Aix-Marseille University, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Transmissibles et Emergentes (URMITE), CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies UR/11ES09, FST Campus Universitaire, 2092, El Manar Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- Aix-Marseille University, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Transmissibles et Emergentes (URMITE), CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France.
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Lewis EL, Sierra LJ, Barila GO, Brown AG, Porrett PM, Elovitz MA. Placental immune state shifts with gestational age. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 79:e12848. [PMID: 29577513 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Placental immunologic functions are implicated in both the maintenance of a healthy pregnancy and the pathogenesis of obstetric complications. Immune populations at the maternal-fetal interface are hypothesized to support fetomaternal tolerance, defend the fetus from infection, and contribute to labor initiation. Despite the many potential roles of placental immune cells in normal and abnormal pregnancy, little is known about placental immune population dynamics over gestation, particularly near parturition. METHOD OF STUDY A daily placental immune cell census was established in a murine model by flow cytometry from mid to late gestation and compared to the maternal systemic immune census. Shifts in the placental immune state were further characterized through cytokine ELISAs. RESULTS The placental immune census is distinct from the maternal systemic immune census, although the cells are primarily maternal in origin. Near term parturition, the placenta contains fewer CD11c-positive myeloid cells and regulatory T cells, and there is a concurrent decrease in placental IL-9 and IL-35. CONCLUSION The immune profile of the placenta demonstrates a decrease in both regulatory immune cell types and cytokines late in gestation. Establishing the placental immune population dynamics over a healthy pregnancy will allow future investigation of placental immune cells during abnormal pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Lewis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luz-Jeannette Sierra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guillermo O Barila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy G Brown
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paige M Porrett
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michal A Elovitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Gustafsson AM, Fransson E, Dubicke A, Hjelmstedt AK, Ekman-Ordeberg G, Silfverdal SA, Lange S, Jennische E, Bohlin K. Low levels of anti-secretory factor in placenta are associated with preterm birth and inflammation. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018; 97:349-356. [DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Gustafsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Neonatology; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Emma Fransson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Aurelija Dubicke
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anna K. Hjelmstedt
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Gunvor Ekman-Ordeberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Stefan Lange
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Institute of Biomedicine; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Eva Jennische
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Institute of Biomedicine; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Kajsa Bohlin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Neonatology; Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
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Gorvel L, Korenfeld D, Tung T, Klechevsky E. Dendritic Cell-Derived IL-32α: A Novel Inhibitory Cytokine of NK Cell Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1290-1300. [PMID: 28701509 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines produced by dendritic cells (DCs) can largely determine the direction of immunity. Transcriptional analysis revealed that besides IL-15, IL-32 was the only other cytokine expressed by human Langerhans cells. IL-32 is a human cytokine that exists in four main isoforms. Currently, little is known about the regulation and function of the various IL-32 isoforms. In this study, we found that IL-15 is a potent inducer of IL-32α in DCs. Because IL-15 promotes NK cell activation, we investigated the interplay between IL-32 and IL-15 and their role in NK cell activity. We show that IL-32α acts on NK cells to inhibit IL-15-mediated STAT5 phosphorylation and to suppress their IL-15-induced effector molecule expression and cytolytic capacity. IL-32α also acted on DCs by downregulating IL-15-induced IL-18 production, an important cytokine in NK cell activity. Blocking IL-32α during DC:NK cell coculture enhanced NK cell effector molecule expression as well as their cytolytic capacity. Taken together, our findings suggest a feedback inhibition of IL-15-mediated NK cell activity by IL-32α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Gorvel
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Daniel Korenfeld
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Thomas Tung
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Eynav Klechevsky
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
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Lymphatic vascular endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 immunoexpression in placenta of HIV infected pre-eclamptic women. J Reprod Immunol 2016; 117:81-8. [PMID: 27529307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lymphangiogenesis is the formation of new vessels from pre-existing lymphatic vessels. Data on lymphangiogenesis in the placenta of HIV-infected pre-eclamptics are sparse and the findings are conflicting. The aim of this novel study was to evaluate LYVE-1 immunoexpression in the placenta of HIV infected normotensive versus pre-eclamptic women. METHODS Placental tissue was obtained from normotensive and pre-eclamptic women stratified according to their HIV status. The pre-eclamptic group was divided into early (<34 weeks) and late (>34 weeks) onset. Immunohistochemistry utilized mouse anti-human LYVE-1 antibody and was morphometrically evaluated. RESULTS LYVE-1 immunostaining was localized within endothelium of the arterial supply and venous drainage of both conducting and exchange villi as well as within medial cells of arteries. LYVE-1 immunostained macrophage-like cells were observed within the fetal and maternal circulation. LYVE-1 immunoexpression was higher (p=0.0001) in HIV positive cohort, regardless of pregnancy and villous type. Irrespective of HIV status and pregnancy type, LYVE-1 immunoexpression was significantly elevated in the conducting compared to the exchange villi (p=0.01). LYVE-1 immunoexpression was higher in N and LOPE compared to EOPE groups for both conducting and exchange villi types respectively (p=0.0001 and p=0.006). There is a decrease of LYVE-1 expression in EOPE+ (conducting villi) and EOPE- (exchange villi) compared to N and LOPE subgroups. CONCLUSION This study provides a novel insight into an up-regulation of LYVE-1 expression in the fetal circulation of conducting and exchange villi of HIV-infected pre-eclamptics.
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Ka MB, Mezouar S, Ben Amara A, Raoult D, Ghigo E, Olive D, Mege JL. Coxiella burnetii Induces Inflammatory Interferon-Like Signature in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells: A New Feature of Immune Response in Q Fever. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:70. [PMID: 27446817 PMCID: PMC4921463 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a major role in antiviral immunity via the production of type I interferons (IFNs). There is some evidence that pDCs interact with bacteria but it is not yet clear whether they are protective or contribute to bacterial pathogenicity. We wished to investigate whether Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q fever, interacts with pDCs. The stimulation of pDCs with C. burnetii increased the expression of activation and migratory markers (CD86 and CCR7) as determined by flow cytometry and modulated gene expression program as revealed by a microarray approach. Indeed, genes encoding for pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and type I INF were up-regulated. The up-regulation of type I IFN was correlated with an increase in IFN-α release by C. burnetii-stimulated pDCs. We also investigated pDCs in patients with Q fever endocarditis. Using flow cytometry and a specific gating strategy, we found that the number of circulating pDCs was significantly lower in patients with Q fever endocarditis as compared to healthy donors. In addition, the remaining circulating pDCs expressed activation and migratory markers. As a whole, our study identified non-previously reported activation of pDCs by C. burnetii and their modulation during Q fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mignane B Ka
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, UMR 63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, INSERM U1095, IRD 198, Aix-Marseille UniversitéMarseille, France; INSERM UMR 1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de MarseilleMarseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, UMR 63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, INSERM U1095, IRD 198, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
| | - Amira Ben Amara
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, UMR 63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, INSERM U1095, IRD 198, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, UMR 63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, INSERM U1095, IRD 198, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
| | - Eric Ghigo
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, UMR 63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, INSERM U1095, IRD 198, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- INSERM UMR 1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales et Emergentes, UMR 63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, INSERM U1095, IRD 198, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
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Eldredge LC, Treuting PM, Manicone AM, Ziegler SF, Parks WC, McGuire JK. CD11b(+) Mononuclear Cells Mitigate Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury in Neonatal Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:273-83. [PMID: 26192732 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0395oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common consequence of life-saving interventions for infants born with immature lungs. Resident tissue myeloid cells regulate lung pathology, but their role in BPD is poorly understood. To determine the role of lung interstitial myeloid cells in neonatal responses to lung injury, we exposed newborn mice to hyperoxia, a neonatal mouse lung injury model with features of human BPD. In newborn mice raised in normoxia, we identified a CD45(+) F4/80(+) CD11b(+), Ly6G(lo-int) CD71(+) population of cells in lungs of neonatal mice present in significantly greater percentages than in adult mice. In response to hyperoxia, surface marker and gene expression in whole lung macrophages/monocytes was biased to an alternatively activated phenotype. Partial depletion of these CD11b(+) mononuclear cells using CD11b-diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor transgenic mice resulted in 60% mortality by 40 hours of hyperoxia exposure with more severe lung injury, perivascular edema, and alveolar hemorrhage compared with DT-treated CD11b-DT receptor-negative controls, which displayed no mortality. These results identify an antiinflammatory population of CD11b(+) mononuclear cells that are protective in hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury in mice, and suggest that enhancing their beneficial functions may be a treatment strategy in infants at risk for BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie C Eldredge
- 1 Center for Lung Biology, and Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of.,2 Pulmonary Medicine and
| | | | - Anne M Manicone
- 1 Center for Lung Biology, and Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of.,5 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- 6 Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and.,7 Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - William C Parks
- 1 Center for Lung Biology, and Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of.,4 Department of Pathology.,5 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | - John K McGuire
- 1 Center for Lung Biology, and Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of.,8 Critical Care Medicine
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Belhareth R, Mège JL. Macrophage populations and self-renewal: Changing the paradigm. World J Immunol 2015; 5:131-141. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v5.i3.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of macrophages has been considered since several decades to be a continuum from bone marrow (BM) to tissue via monocytes as precursors. The development of new tools such as genetic lineage tracing, parabiosis and BM chimeras changed the paradigm of macrophage origin. In steady state, most resident macrophages are of embryonic origin, whereas a monocyte origin remains prominent in pathological conditions. The findings of a proliferation of mature macrophages will oblige us to reappraise the relationship between proliferation and differentiation in macrophages. This review is based on the recent explosion of high impact articles on macrophage biology. It summarizes new data on the origin of macrophages and their self-renewal potential in steady states. While monocytes are required for intestinal macrophage development, the microglia is independent of monocyte influx and skin macrophages provide an excellent model of the balance between monocyte input and self-renewal. In addition, macrophage proliferation requires intrinsic and extrinsic factors including growth factors and cytokines. It also analyzes the impact of this new paradigm in human diseases such as athrosclerosis, cancer, infectious diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. In atherosclerosis, the finding of macrophage proliferation within the lesions will change our understanding of disease pathophysiology, this new paradigm may have therapeutical impact in the future.
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Ozen M, Zhao H, Lewis DB, Wong RJ, Stevenson DK. Heme oxygenase and the immune system in normal and pathological pregnancies. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:84. [PMID: 25964759 PMCID: PMC4408852 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal pregnancy is an immunotolerant state. Many factors, including environmental, socioeconomic, genetic, and immunologic changes by infection and/or other causes of inflammation, may contribute to inter-individual differences resulting in a normal or pathologic pregnancy. In particular, imbalances in the immune system can cause many pregnancy-related diseases, such as infertility, abortions, pre-eclampsia, and preterm labor, which result in maternal/fetal death, prematurity, or small-for-gestational age newborns. New findings imply that myeloid regulatory cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) may mediate immunotolerance during normal pregnancy. Effector T cells (Teffs) have, in contrast, been implicated to cause adverse pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, feto-maternal tolerance affects the developing fetus. It has been shown that the Treg/Teff balance affects litter size and adoptive transfer of pregnancy-induced Tregs can prevent fetal rejection in the mouse. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has a protective role in many conditions through its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxidative, and anti-proliferative actions. HO-1 is highly expressed in the placenta and plays a role in angiogenesis and placental vascular development and in regulating vascular tone in pregnancy. In addition, HO-1 is a major regulator of immune homeostasis by mediating crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune systems. Moreover, HO-1 can inhibit inflammation-induced phenotypic maturation of immune effector cells and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and promote anti-inflammatory cytokine production. HO-1 may also be associated with T-cell activation and can limit immune-based tissue injury by promoting Treg suppression of effector responses. Thus, HO-1 and its byproducts may protect against pregnancy complications by its immunomodulatory effects, and the regulation of HO-1 or its downstream effects has the potential to prevent or treat pregnancy complications and prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maide Ozen
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hui Zhao
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David B Lewis
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald J Wong
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David K Stevenson
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA
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Gorvel L, Ben Amara A, Ka MB, Textoris J, Gorvel JP, Mege JL. Myeloid decidual dendritic cells and immunoregulation of pregnancy: defective responsiveness to Coxiella burnetii and Brucella abortus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:179. [PMID: 25566514 PMCID: PMC4275036 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a component of the placental immune system, but their role in pregnancy is still poorly understood. Decidual DCs (dDCs) were selected from at-term pregnancy on the basis of CD14 and CD11c expression. A phenotypic analysis revealed that dDCs are characterized by the expression of monocyte-derived DC (moDCs) markers and specific markers such as HLA-G and its ligand ILT4. As demonstrated by whole-genome microarray, dDCs expressed a specific gene program markedly distinct from that of moDCs; it included estrogen- and progesterone-regulated genes and genes encoding immunoregulatory cytokines, which is consistent with the context of foeto-maternal tolerance. A functional analysis of dDCs showed that they were unable to mature in response to bacterial ligands such as lipopolysaccharide or peptidoglycan, as assessed by the expression of HLA-DR, CD80, CD83, and CD86. When dDCs were incubated with bacteria known for their placenta tropism, Coxiella burnetii and Brucella abortus, they were also unable to mature and to produce inflammatory cytokines. It is likely that the defective maturation of dDCs and their inability to produce inflammatory cytokines is related to the spontaneous release of IL-10 by these cells. Taken together, these results suggest that dDCs exhibit an immunoregulatory program, which may favor the pathogenicity of C. burnetii or B. abortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Gorvel
- CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, Unite de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix-Marseille University Marseille, France
| | - Amira Ben Amara
- CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, Unite de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix-Marseille University Marseille, France
| | - Mignane B Ka
- CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, Unite de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix-Marseille University Marseille, France
| | - Julien Textoris
- CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, Unite de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix-Marseille University Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Gorvel
- UM2, INSERM U1104, CNRS, UMR7280, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix-Marseille University Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- CNRS UMR 7278, IRD198, INSERM U1095, Unite de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Aix-Marseille University Marseille, France
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Brown MB, von Chamier M, Allam AB, Reyes L. M1/M2 macrophage polarity in normal and complicated pregnancy. Front Immunol 2014; 5:606. [PMID: 25505471 PMCID: PMC4241843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue macrophages play an important role in all stages of pregnancy, including uterine stromal remodeling (decidualization) before embryo implantation, parturition, and post-partum uterine involution. The activation state and function of utero-placental macrophages are largely dependent on the local tissue microenvironment. Thus, macrophages are involved in a variety of activities such as regulation of immune cell activities, placental cell invasion, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Disruption of the uterine microenvironment, particularly during the early stages of pregnancy (decidualization, implantation, and placentation) can have profound effects on macrophage activity and subsequently impact pregnancy outcome. In this review, we will provide an overview of the temporal and spatial regulation of utero-placental macrophage activation during normal pregnancy in human beings and rodents with a focus on more recent findings. We will also discuss the role of M1/M2 dysregulation within the intrauterine environment during adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary B Brown
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Maria von Chamier
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Ayman B Allam
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Leticia Reyes
- D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
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Young OM, Tang Z, Niven-Fairchild T, Tadesse S, Krikun G, Norwitz ER, Mor G, Abrahams VM, Guller S. Toll-like receptor-mediated responses by placental Hofbauer cells (HBCs): a potential pro-inflammatory role for fetal M2 macrophages. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 73:22-35. [PMID: 25345551 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Microbial-driven responses in placenta are linked with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) function in Hofbauer cells (HBCs) and fetal macrophages of the placental villous core remains understudied. METHOD OF STUDY Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to establish the phenotype of HBCs. Regulation of cytokine secretion in response to treatment with TLR agonists and expression levels of TLRs and co-activators were compared in HBCs, placental fibroblasts (FIBs), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using ELISA and qPCR. RESULTS Although flow cytometry and IHC revealed HBCs to be M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages, LPS and polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] treatments markedly enhanced IL-6 secretion by HBCs, and expression of TLR-2, TLR-3, TLR-4, CD14, and MD-2 was the highest in HBCs. CONCLUSION These results indicate that although HBCs are M2 macrophages, inflammatory responses are induced through TLR-3 and TLR-4 in this cell type, suggesting a role in microbial-driven placental/fetal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Young
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Aldo PB, Racicot K, Craviero V, Guller S, Romero R, Mor G. Trophoblast induces monocyte differentiation into CD14+/CD16+ macrophages. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 72:270-84. [PMID: 24995492 PMCID: PMC4230492 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM During early pregnancy, macrophages and trophoblast come into close contact during placenta development, and regulated cross talk between these cellular compartments is crucial for maintaining a healthy pregnancy. As trophoblast cells constitutively secrete many chemokines and cytokines, we hypothesize that trophoblast-secreted factors can differentiate monocytes into a decidual phenotype. In this study, we describe a unique macrophage phenotype, following monocytes' exposure to trophoblast-soluble factors. METHOD OF STUDY Peripheral blood monocytes were treated with or without conditioned media (CM) from first trimester trophoblast cells. Phenotypic changes and phagocytic capacity were determined by flow cytometry. Cytokine and chemokine production was determined by multiplex analysis. RESULTS Monocytes exposed to trophoblast factors undergo morphologic changes characterized by a gain in size and complexity and acquire a unique phenotype characterized by gain of CD14 surface expression as well as CD16. The presence of CD14+/CD16+ macrophages was confirmed in normal decidua. These cells secrete higher levels of IL-1b, IL-10, and IP-10 and have increased capacity for phagocytosis. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that trophoblast-secreted factors can induce monocyte differentiation into a unique macrophage phenotype. These findings suggest that the microenvironment of the placenta can modulate the phenotype of macrophages present at the decidua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulomi B Aldo
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Karen Racicot
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Vinicius Craviero
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Seth Guller
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, Detroit
| | - Gil Mor
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Yale University School of Medicine
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