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Bai Y, Zhou R, Xie X, Zhu A, Nan Y, Wu T, Hu X, Cao Z, Ju D, Fan J. A Novel Bifunctional Fusion Protein (Anti-IL-17A-sST2) Protects against Acute Liver Failure, Modulating the TLR4/MyD88 Pathway and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1118. [PMID: 38791080 PMCID: PMC11117730 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a serious inflammatory disorder with high mortality rates, which poses a significant threat to human health. The IL-33/ST2 signal is a crucial regulator in inflammation responses associated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages. The IL-17A signaling pathway promotes the release of chemokines and inflammatory cytokines, recruiting neutrophils and T cells under LPS stimulation, thus facilitating inflammatory responses. Here, the potential therapeutic benefits of neutralizing the IL-17A signal and modulating the IL-33/ST2 signal in ALF were investigated. A novel dual-functional fusion protein, anti-IL-17A-sST2, was constructed, which displayed high purity and biological activities. The administration of anti-IL-17A-sST2 resulted in significant anti-inflammatory benefits in ALF mice, amelioration of hepatocyte necrosis and interstitial congestion, and reduction in TNF-α and IL-6. Furthermore, anti-IL-17A-sST2 injection downregulated the expression of TLR4 and NLRP3 as well as important molecules such as MyD88, caspase-1, and IL-1β. The results suggest that anti-IL-17A-sST2 reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors, attenuated the inflammatory response, and protected hepatic function by regulating the TLR4/MyD88 pathway and inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome, providing a new therapeutic approach for ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Department of Biological Medicines and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rongrui Zhou
- Department of Biological Medicines and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinlei Xie
- Department of Biological Medicines and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - An Zhu
- Department of Biological Medicines and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanyang Nan
- Department of Biological Medicines and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Biological Medicines and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaozhi Hu
- Department of Biological Medicines and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhonglian Cao
- Department of Biological Medicines and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Department of Biological Medicines and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Hailu Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201200, China
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Hamzaoui K, Louhaichi S, Salhi M, Sassi FH, Laathar A, Hamzaoui A. IL-38 in Behçet's disease: Gene expression in bronchoalveolar lavage from patients having pulmonary involvement. Immunol Lett 2024; 266:106840. [PMID: 38307260 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The etiological complexity of Behçet disease (BD), an immune-mediated rare form of vasculitis characterized by multi-organ involvement, is still elusive due to an incomplete understanding of the synergy between genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, and an abnormal immune response. The diagnosis of BD relies on clinical symptoms. Lung inflammatory disorders are severe conditions of patients with BD, here we focus on the expression of biomarkers in BD patients with pulmonary manifestations. Aiming to identify additional discriminating biomarker patterns, we measured and compared protein and gene expression of IL-38 and a broad panel of selected genes in bronchoalveolar cells of patients suffering from BD with and without pulmonary involvement compared to controls. ELISA and RT-PCR analysis were applied. The first principal analysis highlighted decreased IL-38 level in BD patients compared to Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients and controls: BD patients expressed lower IL-38 levels, particularly in cases with pulmonary involvement. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver-operating characteristic curve showed that IL-38 may be an eventual biomarker for BD. Co-cultured recombinant IL-38 and stimulated memory PBMCs of active BD, were able to suppress IL-17 and NLRP3 inflammasome and ameliorate the secretion of IL-10 and TGFβ. Transcription factors of the IL-1 family (IL-1β, IL-18, IL-32, IL-33 and IL-37) along with IFN-γ, IL-17, RORγt, Foxp3, TGFβ, IL-10 and NLRP3 inflammasome were the parameters that are the main contributor to the segregation between BD with and without lung involvement. Our results indicate that IL-38 might be involved in the pathogenesis of BD and the combined gene expression in BAL suggests distinct mechanisms governing the inflammatory disorders in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Hamzaoui
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Research Laboratory 19SP02 "Chronic Pulmonary Pathologies: From Genome to Management", Department of Respiratory Diseases, Pavillon B, Hospital A. Mami, Ariana, Tunisia.
| | - Sabrine Louhaichi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Research Laboratory 19SP02 "Chronic Pulmonary Pathologies: From Genome to Management", Department of Respiratory Diseases, Pavillon B, Hospital A. Mami, Ariana, Tunisia; Department of Lung Diseases, Abderrahmane Mami Hospital of Pneumology, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Salhi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Research Laboratory 19SP02 "Chronic Pulmonary Pathologies: From Genome to Management", Department of Respiratory Diseases, Pavillon B, Hospital A. Mami, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Fayçal Haj Sassi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Research Laboratory 19SP02 "Chronic Pulmonary Pathologies: From Genome to Management", Department of Respiratory Diseases, Pavillon B, Hospital A. Mami, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Laathar
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Rheumatology, Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunisia
| | - Agnes Hamzaoui
- University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Research Laboratory 19SP02 "Chronic Pulmonary Pathologies: From Genome to Management", Department of Respiratory Diseases, Pavillon B, Hospital A. Mami, Ariana, Tunisia; Department of Lung Diseases, Abderrahmane Mami Hospital of Pneumology, Ariana, Tunisia
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Cai J, Tao H, Liu H, Hu Y, Han S, Pu W, Li L, Li G, Li C, Zhang J. Intrinsically bioactive and biomimetic nanoparticle-derived therapies alleviate asthma by regulating multiple pathological cells. Bioact Mater 2023; 28:12-26. [PMID: 37214258 PMCID: PMC10193170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a serious global public health concern. Airway neutrophilic inflammation is closely related to severe asthma, for which effective and safe therapies remain to be developed. Here we report nanotherapies capable of simultaneously regulating multiple target cells relevant to the pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma. A nanotherapy LaCD NP based on a cyclic oligosaccharide-derived bioactive material was engineered. LaCD NP effectively accumulated in the injured lungs of asthmatic mice and mainly distributed in neutrophils, macrophages, and airway epithelial cells after intravenous or inhalation delivery, thereby ameliorating asthmatic symptoms and attenuating pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation as well as reducing airway hyperresponsiveness, remodeling, and mucus production. Surface engineering via neutrophil cell membrane further enhanced targeting and therapeutic effects of LaCD NP. Mechanistically, LaCD NP can inhibit the recruitment and activation of neutrophils, especially reducing the neutrophil extracellular traps formation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in neutrophils. Also, LaCD NP can suppress macrophage-mediated pro-inflammatory responses and prevent airway epithelial cell death and smooth muscle cell proliferation, by mitigating neutrophilic inflammation and its direct effects on relevant cells. Importantly, LaCD NP showed good safety performance. Consequently, LaCD-derived multi-bioactive nanotherapies are promising for effective treatment of neutrophilic asthma and other neutrophil-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Songling Han
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Wendan Pu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Chenwen Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
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Ji T, Li H. T-helper cells and their cytokines in pathogenesis and treatment of asthma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1149203. [PMID: 37377958 PMCID: PMC10291091 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1149203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prosperous advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of chronic inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma have been made over the past several decades. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by reversible airway obstruction that is self-resolving or remits with treatment. Around half of asthma patients are "Type-2-high" asthma with overexpression of type 2 inflammatory pathways and elevated type 2 cytokines. When stimulated by allergens, airway epithelial cells secrete IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP to derive a Th2 immune response. First ILC2 followed by Th2 cells produces a series of cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. TFH cells control IgE synthesis by secreting IL-4 to allergen-specific B cells. IL-5 promotes eosinophil inflammation, while IL-13 and IL-4 are involved in goblet cell metaplasia and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Currently, "Type-2 low" asthma is defined as asthma with low levels of T2 biomarkers due to the lack of reliable biomarkers, which is associated with other Th cells. Th1 and Th17 are capable of producing cytokines that recruit neutrophils, such as IFN-γ and IL-17, to participate in the development of "Type-2-low" asthma. Precision medicine targeting Th cells and related cytokines is essential in the management of asthma aiming at the more appropriate patient selection and better treatment response. In this review, we sort out the pathogenesis of Th cells in asthma and summarize the therapeutic approaches involved as well as potential research directions.
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Xie Y, Kuang W, Wang D, Yuan K, Yang P. Expanding role of CXCR2 and therapeutic potential of CXCR2 antagonists in inflammatory diseases and cancers. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115175. [PMID: 36780833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) is G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and plays important roles in various inflammatory diseases and cancers, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), atherosclerosis, asthma, and pancreatic cancer. Upregulation of CXCR2 is closely associated with the migration of neutrophils and monocytes. To date, many small-molecule CXCR2 antagonists have entered clinical trials, showing favorable safety and therapeutic effects. Hence, we provide an overview containing the discovery history, protein structure, signaling pathways, biological functions, structure-activity relationships and clinical significance of CXCR2 antagonists in inflammatory diseases and cancers. According to the latest development and recent clinical progress of CXCR2 small molecule antagonists, we speculated that CXCR2 can be used as a biomarker and a new target for diabetes and that CXCR2 antagonists may also attenuate lung injury in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wenbin Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Mehrabi Nasab E, Hassanzadeh Makoei R, Aghajani H, Athari SS. IL-33/ST2 pathway as upper-hand of inflammation in allergic asthma contributes as predictive biomarker in heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:3785-3790. [PMID: 35975554 PMCID: PMC9773709 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the bronchi, and as a major health problem, more than 350 million people suffer from asthma in the world. Many cardiovascular disorders resulted in the impairment of the heart's power to pump blood that leads to the HF. More than 25 million people worldwide live with HF. Accordingly, identifying the biomarkers to predict the onset of future asthma and HF is necessary. IL-33 is an inflammatory cytokine that has the main role in pathophysiology of asthma and HF. Also, in IL-33 receptor, the ST2 is involved in cardiac fibrosis and remodelling in HF and pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Increased sST2 in allergic asthma helps to control inflammation during asthma, but increased sST2 in HF is a predictable biomarker to present risk factor of HF during the time of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entezar Mehrabi Nasab
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Tehran Heart CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran,Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Valiasr HospitalZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
| | - Reza Hassanzadeh Makoei
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Ayatollah Mousavi HospitalZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
| | - Hassan Aghajani
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Tehran Heart CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Ko HM, Choi SH, Jee W, Lee SH, Park D, Jung JH, Lee BJ, Kim KI, Jung HJ, Jang HJ. Rosa laevigata Attenuates Allergic Asthma Exacerbated by Water-Soluble PM by Downregulating the MAPK Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:925502. [PMID: 35837279 PMCID: PMC9274115 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.925502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to water-soluble particulate matter (WPM) containing heavy metals can cause severe inflammatory responses and trigger and exacerbate the onset of asthma. As a follow-up study of Rosa laevigata (RL), this study analyzed the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of oral and intratracheal administration of RL and demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in asthma models. Worse T-helper cell type 2 (Th2)-related inflammatory and pro-inflammatory responses were observed after simultaneous challenge with ovalbumin (OVA) and WPM. To establish a model of asthma exacerbated by WPM, BALB/c mice were sensitized with OVA + aluminum hydroxide and challenged with OVA + WPM. To confirm the therapeutic efficacy of RL, it was administered both orally and intratracheally. Histopathological analysis of H&E staining confirmed that oral and intratracheal administration of RL alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration in the airways aggravated by OVA + WPM. RL effectively reduced the number of inflammatory cells obtained from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and multiplex analysis of serum samples confirmed that the administration of RL reduced the levels of immuno-globulin E (IgE), Th2-related cytokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, real-time PCR analysis of lung tissue samples confirmed that the release of MUC5AC (Mucin 5AC, Oligomeric Mucus/Gel-Forming) and pro-inflammatory cytokines was reduced by RL, and western blotting confirmed that the administration of RL reduced the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 in the MAPK pathway. In conclusion, oral and intratracheal administration of RL appears to have an anti-asthmatic effect by reducing the secretion of Th2-related cytokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and IgE by downregulating the MAPK pathway. Thus, RL has further demonstrated potential for development as an oral and inhaled therapeutic for asthma symptoms exacerbated by WPM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Min Ko
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Han Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biological Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wona Jee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyeon Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Doil Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Beom-Joon Lee
- Department of Biological Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Allergy, Immune and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwan-Il Kim
- Division of Allergy, Immune and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Jung
- Division of Allergy, Immune and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeung-Jin Jang
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hyeung-Jin Jang,
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Role of Respiratory Epithelial Cells in Allergic Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091387. [PMID: 35563693 PMCID: PMC9105716 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium provides the first line of defense to the surrounding environment. However, dysfunctions of this physical barrier are frequently observed in allergic diseases, which are tightly connected with pro- or anti-inflammatory processes. When the epithelial cells are confronted with allergens or pathogens, specific response mechanisms are set in motion, which in homeostasis, lead to the elimination of the invaders and leave permanent traces on the respiratory epithelium. However, allergens can also cause damage in the sensitized organism, which can be ascribed to the excessive immune reactions. The tight interaction of epithelial cells of the upper and lower airways with local and systemic immune cells can leave an imprint that may mirror the pathophysiology. The interaction with effector T cells, along with the macrophages, play an important role in this response, as reflected in the gene expression profiles (transcriptomes) of the epithelial cells, as well as in the secretory pattern (secretomes). Further, the storage of information from past exposures as memories within discrete cell types may allow a tissue to inform and fundamentally alter its future responses. Recently, several lines of evidence have highlighted the contributions from myeloid cells, lymphoid cells, stromal cells, mast cells, and epithelial cells to the emerging concepts of inflammatory memory and trained immunity.
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Chang TT, Liao LY, Chen JW. Inhibition on CXCL5 reduces aortic matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression and protects against acute aortic dissection. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 141:106926. [PMID: 34653642 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is an acute inflammatory vascular condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Depletion of neutrophils can attenuate the development of AAD. The CXC-motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5) can attract and activate neutrophils. This study aimed to investigate whether direct inhibition of CXCL5 could protect against AAD formation. A set of AAD animal models was designed using an angiotensin II infusion for 3 days after treatment with the lysyl oxidase inhibitor beta-aminopropionitrile for 4 weeks in 4-week-old male BALB/c mice. While AAD developed successfully in all the animals, approximately 31% of the mice died before sacrifice. The morphological changes at different time points during the experimental period indicated that angiotensin II could trigger AAD formation in this model. CXCL5 protein expression in the aorta tissue was increased after treatment with angiotensin II. Moreover, the ex vivo and in vitro study showed that vascular smooth muscle cells and monocytes isolated from the animals could generate CXCL5. CXCL5 inhibition by a specific monoclonal antibody significantly decreased the severity of AAD evaluated by ultrasound, aorta wet weight, and en face assay. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that the aortic tissues from AAD mice had higher expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 and neutrophil-positive areas in the medial layer compared to control mice. Treatment with a CXCL5 antibody reduced MMP9 and neutrophil expressions as well as neutrophil and CXCL5 double-positive areas compared to untreated AAD mice. In conclusion, direct inhibition on CXCL5 reduced aortic MMP9 expression as well as neutrophil infiltration and attenuated the development of AAD, suggesting the mechanistic role of CXCL5 in neutrophil-triggered AAD. CXCL5 may be a potential therapeutic target for AAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Chang
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ling-Yu Liao
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Healthcare and Services Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Alobaidi A, Alsamarai A, Alsamarai MA. Inflammation in Asthma Pathogenesis: Role of T cells, Macrophages, Epithelial Cells and Type 2 Inflammation. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:317-332. [PMID: 34544350 DOI: 10.2174/1871523020666210920100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease with abnormal inflammatory and immunological responses. The disease initiated by antigens in subjects with genetic susceptibility. However, environmental factors play a role in the initiation and exacerbation of asthma attack. Asthma is T helper 2 (Th2)-cell-mediated disease. Recent studies indicated that asthma is not a single disease entity, but it is with multiple phenotypes and endotypes. The pathophysiological changes in asthma included a series of subsequent continuous vicious circle of cellular activation contributed to induction of chemokines and cytokines that potentiate inflammation. The heterogeneity of asthma influenced the treatment response. The asthma pathogenesis driven by varied set of cells such as eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, mast cells, macrophages, epithelial cells and T cells. In this review the role of T cells, macrophage, and epithelial cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Alobaidi
- Kirkuk University College of Veterinary Medicine, Kirkuk. Iraq
| | - Abdulghani Alsamarai
- Aalborg Academy College of Medicine [AACOM], Denmark. Tikrit University College of Medicine, [TUCOM], Tikrit. Iraq
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11
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Kurokawa A, Kondo M, Arimura K, Ashino S, Tagaya E. Less airway inflammation and goblet cell metaplasia in an IL-33-induced asthma model of leptin-deficient obese mice. Respir Res 2021; 22:166. [PMID: 34074279 PMCID: PMC8170793 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-associated asthma is a phenotype of severe asthma. Late-onset, non-eosinophilic and female-dominant phenotype is highly symptomatic and difficult to treat. Leptin, an adipokine, exerts an immunomodulatory effect. IL-33 associated with innate immunity induces type 2 inflammation and is present in adipose tissue. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the pathogenesis of obesity-associated asthma by focusing on the interaction between leptin and IL-33. METHODS In leptin-deficient obese (ob/ob) and wild-type mice, IL-33 was instilled intranasally on three consecutive days. In part of the mice, leptin was injected intraperitoneally prior to IL-33 treatment. The mice were challenged with methacholine, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was assessed by resistance (Rrs) and elastance (Ers) of the respiratory system using the forced oscillation technique. Cell differentiation, IL-5, IL-13, eotaxin, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and histology of the lung were analyzed. For the in vitro study, NCI-H292 cells were stimulated with IL-33 in the presence or absence of leptin. Mucin-5AC (MUC5AC) levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Ob/ob mice showed greater Rrs and Ers than wild-type mice. IL-33 with leptin, but not IL-33 alone, enhanced Ers rather than Rrs challenged with methacholine in ob/ob mice, whereas it enhanced Rrs alone in wild-type mice. IL-33-induced eosinophil numbers, cytokine levels in BALF, eosinophilic infiltration around the bronchi, and goblet cell metaplasia were less in ob/ob mice than in wild-type mice. However, leptin pretreatment attenuated these changes in ob/ob mice. MUC5AC levels were increased by co-stimulation with IL-33 and leptin in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Ob/ob mice show innate AHR. IL-33 with leptin, but not IL-33 alone, induces airway inflammation and goblet cell metaplasia and enhances AHR involving peripheral airway closure. This is presumably accelerated by mucus in ob/ob mice. These results may explain some aspects of the pathogenesis of obesity-associated asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kurokawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Kondo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Ken Arimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ashino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Etsuko Tagaya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
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12
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Davis KU, Sheats MK. Differential gene expression and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage cells from horses with mild/moderate neutrophilic or mastocytic inflammation on BAL cytology. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 234:110195. [PMID: 33588285 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mild to moderate equine asthma syndrome (mEAS) affects horses of all ages and breeds. To date, the etiology and pathophysiology of mEAS are active areas of research, and it remains incompletely understood whether mEAS horses with different immune cell 'signatures' on BAL cytology represent different phenotypes, distinct pathobiological mechanisms (endotypes), varied environmental conditions, disease severity, genetic predispositions, or all of the above. In this descriptive study, we compared gene expression data from BAL cells isolated from horses with normal BALF cytology (n = 5), to those isolated from horses with mild/moderate neutrophilic inflammation (n = 5), or mild/moderate mastocytic inflammation (n = 5). BAL cell protein lysates were analyzed for cytokine/chemokine levels using Multiplex Bead Immunoassay, and for select proteins using immunoblot. The transcriptome, determined by RNA-seq and analyzed with DEseq2, contained 20, 63, and 102 significantly differentially expressed genes in horses with normal vs. neutrophilic, normal vs. mastocytic, and neutrophilic vs. mastocytic BALF cytology, respectively. Pathway analyses revealed that BAL-isolated cells from horses with neutrophilic vs. normal cytology showed enrichment in inflammation pathways, and horses with mastocytic vs. normal cytology showed enrichment in pathways involved in fibrosis and allergic reaction. BAL cells from horses with mastocytic mEAS, compared to neutrophilic mEAS, showed enrichment in pathways involved in alteration of tissue structures. Cytokine analysis determined that IL-1β was significantly different in the lysates from horses with neutrophilic inflammation compared to those with normal or mastocytic BAL cytology. Immunoblot revealed significant difference in the relative level of MMP2 in horses with neutrophilic vs. mastocytic mEAS. Upregulation of mRNA transcripts involved in the IL-1 family cytokine signaling axis (IL1a, IL1b, and IL1R2) in neutrophilic mEAS, as well as KIT mRNA in mastocytic mEAS, are novel, potentially clinically relevant, findings of this study. These findings further inform our understanding of inflammatory cell subtypes in mEAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Uchiumi Davis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27607, United States; Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27607, United States
| | - M Katie Sheats
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27607, United States; Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27607, United States.
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13
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Grand M, Waqasi M, Demarta-Gatsi C, Wei Y, Peronet R, Commere PH, Puig A, Axelrod J, Caldelari R, Heussler V, Amino R, Mecheri S. Hepatic Inflammation Confers Protective Immunity Against Liver Stages of Malaria Parasite. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585502. [PMID: 33329563 PMCID: PMC7710885 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the mechanisms by which Plasmodium parasites develop inside hepatocytes is an important step toward the understanding of malaria pathogenesis. We propose that the nature and the magnitude of the inflammatory response in the liver are key for the establishment of the infection. Here, we used mice deficient in the multidrug resistance-2 gene (Mdr2-/-)-encoded phospholipid flippase leading to the development of liver inflammation. Infection of Mdr2-/- mice with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbANKA) sporozoites (SPZ) resulted in the blockade of hepatic exo-erythrocytic forms (EEFs) with no further development into blood stage parasites. Interestingly, cultured primary hepatocytes from mutant and wild-type mice are equally effective in supporting EEF development. The abortive infection resulted in a long-lasting immunity in Mdr2-/- mice against infectious SPZ where neutrophils and IL-6 appear as key effector components along with CD8+ and CD4+ effector and central memory T cells. Inflammation-induced breakdown of liver tolerance promotes anti-parasite immunity and provides new approaches for the design of effective vaccines against malaria disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Grand
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte Parasites, Paris, France
- CNRS ERL9195, Paris, France
- INSERM U1201, Paris, France
- Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mishelle Waqasi
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte Parasites, Paris, France
- CNRS ERL9195, Paris, France
- INSERM U1201, Paris, France
| | - Claudia Demarta-Gatsi
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte Parasites, Paris, France
- CNRS ERL9195, Paris, France
- INSERM U1201, Paris, France
| | - Yu Wei
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Paris, France
| | - Roger Peronet
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte Parasites, Paris, France
- CNRS ERL9195, Paris, France
- INSERM U1201, Paris, France
| | | | - Amandine Puig
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte Parasites, Paris, France
- CNRS ERL9195, Paris, France
- INSERM U1201, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Axelrod
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reto Caldelari
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Volker Heussler
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rogerio Amino
- Institut Pasteur, Malaria Infection and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - Salaheddine Mecheri
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte Parasites, Paris, France
- CNRS ERL9195, Paris, France
- INSERM U1201, Paris, France
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14
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Shastri MD, Chong WC, Dua K, Peterson GM, Patel RP, Mahmood MQ, Tambuwala M, Chellappan DK, Hansbro NG, Shukla SD, Hansbro PM. Emerging concepts and directed therapeutics for the management of asthma: regulating the regulators. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 29:15-33. [PMID: 33152094 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common, heterogeneous and serious disease, its prevalence has steadily risen in most parts of the world, and the condition is often inadequately controlled in many patients. Hence, there is a major need for new therapeutic approaches. Mild-to-moderate asthma is considered a T-helper cell type-2-mediated inflammatory disorder that develops due to abnormal immune responses to otherwise innocuous allergens. Prolonged exposure to allergens and persistent inflammation results in myofibroblast infiltration and airway remodelling with mucus hypersecretion, airway smooth muscle hypertrophy, and excess collagen deposition. The airways become hyper-responsive to provocation resulting in the characteristic wheezing and obstructed airflow experienced by patients. Extensive research has progressed the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the development of new treatments for the management of asthma. Here, we review the basis of the disease, covering new areas such as the role of vascularisation and microRNAs, as well as associated potential therapeutic interventions utilising reports from animal and human studies. We also cover novel drug delivery strategies that are being developed to enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. Potential avenues to explore to improve the future of asthma management are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur D Shastri
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Wai Chin Chong
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Gregory M Peterson
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Rahul P Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Malik Q Mahmood
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Murtaza Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Dinesh K Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nicole G Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Shakti D Shukla
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia. .,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia. .,Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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15
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The Role of T Cells and Macrophages in Asthma Pathogenesis: A New Perspective on Mutual Crosstalk. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:7835284. [PMID: 32922208 PMCID: PMC7453253 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7835284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is associated with innate and adaptive immunity mediated by immune cells. T cell or macrophage dysfunction plays a particularly significant role in asthma pathogenesis. Furthermore, crosstalk between them continuously transmits proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory signals, causing the immune cell activation or repression in the immune response. Consequently, the imbalanced immune microenvironment is the major cause of the exacerbation of asthma. Here, we discuss the role of T cells, macrophages, and their interactions in asthma pathogenesis.
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16
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Roffel MP, Bracke KR, Heijink IH, Maes T. miR-223: A Key Regulator in the Innate Immune Response in Asthma and COPD. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:196. [PMID: 32509795 PMCID: PMC7249736 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are chronic obstructive respiratory diseases characterized by airway obstruction, inflammation, and remodeling. Recent findings indicate the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of pathological processes involved in both diseases. MiRNAs have been implicated in a wide array of biological processes, such as inflammation, cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. MiR-223 is one of the miRNAs that is thought to play a role in obstructive lung disease as altered expression levels have been observed in both asthma and COPD. MiR-223 is a hematopoietic cell–derived miRNA that plays a role in regulation of monocyte-macrophage differentiation, neutrophil recruitment, and pro-inflammatory responses and that can be transferred to non-myeloid cells via extracellular vesicles or lipoproteins. In this translational review, we highlight the role of miR-223 in obstructive respiratory diseases, focusing on expression data in clinical samples of asthma and COPD, in vivo experiments in mouse models and in vitro functional studies. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the mechanisms by which miR-223 regulates gene expression. We specifically focus on immune cell development and activation and involvement in immune responses, which are important in asthma and COPD. Collectively, this review demonstrates the importance of miR-223 in obstructive respiratory diseases and explores its therapeutic potential in the pathogenesis of asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam P Roffel
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Departments of Pathology and Medical Biology and Pulmonology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ken R Bracke
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Irene H Heijink
- Departments of Pathology and Medical Biology and Pulmonology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tania Maes
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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17
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Promises and challenges of biologics for severe asthma. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 179:114012. [PMID: 32389637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Patients with severe asthma that remain uncontrolled incur significant medical burden and healthcare costs. Severe asthma is a heterogeneous airway disorder with complex pathophysiological mechanisms which can be broadly divided into type 2 (T2)-high and T2-low inflammatory pathways. Recent advances in asthma therapeutics with the advent of biologics have heralded an era of promising targeted therapy in this group of patients. The current available biologics, including anti-IgE mAb, anti-IL-5/IL-5R mAb and anti-IL-4Rα mAb, mainly target patients with an asthma endotype characterised by T2-high inflammation. While they have delivered positive outcomes in terms of reduction in exacerbations, improving lung function and quality of life, as well as reducing the dependence on oral corticosteroids, they have not functioned as the "panacea" as a significant proportion of patients do not respond completely to these targeted therapies. In addition, there is a lack of markers that can predict treatment response and clinicians are guided only by subjective asthma symptom scores. Suboptimal treatment response is common for individual patients. There has also been a dearth of effective targeted therapy for patients with T2-low asthma and treatment options remain limited for these patients. There is a pipeline of newer biologics targeting cytokines that operate at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity (e.g. IL-17A, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-25, IL-33, IL-32 and IL-36γ) with potential of modifying and reducing the severity of asthma. This commentary provides an overview of treatment with the current biologics and highlights the limitations, challenges and unmet needs in clinical management. We also summarise up-and-coming potential targets and therapeutic biologics for severe asthma.
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18
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Wu B, Wan Y. Molecular control of pathogenic Th17 cells in autoimmune diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106187. [PMID: 31931372 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IL-17A-producing CD4+ T helper cells (Th17) are crucial for the development of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and thus are exploited for clinical immunotherapies. Emerging evidence suggests Th17 cells are heterogeneous and able to adopt both pathogenic and non-pathogenic phenotypes which are shaped by environmental and genetic factors. On one hand, IL-6 in concert with TGFβ1 can induce non-pathogenic Th17 cells (non-pTh17), which are not effective in inducing tissue inflammation. On the other hand, IL-6, IL-1β with IL-23 induce pathogenic Th17 cells (pTh17) to induce immune pathologies in various tissues. Th17 cells could be both pathogenic and non-pathogenic in a content-dependent manner in vivo. Understanding how the generation and pathogenicity of pTh17 cells are regulated will aid us to devise more effective immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the differentiation and regulation of Th17 cells especially pTh17 cells in vitro and in vivo. The emerging results revealing the specific molecular control of pTh17 cells are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Yisong Wan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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19
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Kim MH, Jin SP, Jang S, Choi JY, Chung DH, Lee DH, Kim KH, Kim HY. IL-17A-Producing Innate Lymphoid Cells Promote Skin Inflammation by Inducing IL-33-Driven Type 2 Immune Responses. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:827-837.e9. [PMID: 31628929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.08.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, pruritic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by type 2 cytokines secreted by T helper type 2 cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Despite a high degree of heterogeneity, AD is still explained by type 2 immunity, and the role of IL-17A, which is increased in acute, pediatric, or Asian patients with AD, remains poorly understood. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of IL-17A-producing group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), which are unexplored immune cells, in the pathogenesis of AD. We found that the numbers of ILC3s in the skin of AD-induced mice were increased, and that neutralizing IL-17A delayed development of AD. Moreover, adoptive transfer of ILC3s accelerated the symptoms of AD. Mechanically, ILC3s induced IL-33 production by nonimmune skin cells, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts, which promoted type 2 immune responses. Because AD has a complex pathophysiology and a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes, the presence of ILC3s in the skin and their interaction with nonimmune skin cells could explain the pathogenesis of cutaneous AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ho Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Pil Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunhyae Jang
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Seoul National University Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Systems Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Han Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
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20
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Ramakrishnan RK, Al Heialy S, Hamid Q. Role of IL-17 in asthma pathogenesis and its implications for the clinic. Expert Rev Respir Med 2019; 13:1057-1068. [PMID: 31498708 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2019.1666002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Asthma is a respiratory disorder typically characterized by T-helper type 2 (Th2) inflammation that is mediated by cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Pathophysiologically, airway inflammation involving prominent eosinophilia, elevated IgE synthesis, airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus hypersecretion, and airway remodeling manifest clinically in patients as wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and episodic coughing. However, the Th2 paradigm falls short in interpreting the full spectrum of asthma severity. Areas covered: Severe asthmatics represent a distinct phenotype with their mixed pattern of neutrophilic-eosinophilic infiltration and glucocorticoid insensitivity making them refractory to currently available therapies. Th17 cells and their signature cytokine, IL-17, have been implicated in the development of severe asthma. Here, we review the contribution of IL-17 in the pathological features of asthma, gathered from both human and animal studies published in Pubmed during the past 10 years, and briefly discuss the clinical implications of targeting IL-17 imbalance in asthmatic patients. Expert opinion: With advancement in our understanding of the role of IL-17 in asthma pathology, it is clear that IL-17 is a targetable pathway which may lead to improvement in clinical symptoms of asthma. However, further elucidation of the complex interactions unfurled by IL-17 is essential in the empirical development of effective therapeutic options for refractory asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhee K Ramakrishnan
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates.,Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates
| | - Saba Al Heialy
- College of Medicine, Mohammed bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences , Dubai , United Arab Emirates.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Healthy Center , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Healthy Center , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
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21
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Kasahara DI, Wilkinson JE, Cho Y, Cardoso AP, Huttenhower C, Shore SA. The interleukin-33 receptor contributes to pulmonary responses to ozone in male mice: role of the microbiome. Respir Res 2019; 20:197. [PMID: 31455422 PMCID: PMC6712741 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-33 is released in the airways following acute ozone exposure and has the ability to cause airway hyperresponsiveness, a defining feature of asthma. Ozone causes greater airway hyperresponsiveness in male than female mice. Moreover, sex differences in the gut microbiome account for sex differences in this response to ozone. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were sex differences in the role of interleukin-33 in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and to examine the role of the microbiome in these events. METHODS Wildtype mice and mice genetically deficient in ST2, the interleukin-33 receptor, were housed from weaning with either other mice of the same genotype and sex, or with mice of the same sex but opposite genotype. At 15 weeks of age, fecal pellets were harvested for 16S rRNA sequencing and the mice were then exposed to air or ozone. Airway responsiveness was measured and a bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 24 h after exposure. RESULTS In same-housed mice, ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness was greater in male than female wildtype mice. ST2 deficiency reduced ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in male but not female mice and abolished sex differences in the response to ozone. However, sex differences in the role of interleukin-33 were unrelated to type 2 cytokine release: ozone-induced increases in bronchoalveolar lavage interleukin-5 were greater in females than males and ST2 deficiency virtually abolished interleukin-5 in both sexes. Since gut microbiota contribute to sex differences in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, we examined the role of the microbiome in these ST2-dependent sex differences. To do so, we cohoused wildtype and ST2 deficient mice, a situation that allows for transfer of microbiota among cage-mates. Cohousing altered the gut microbial community structure, as indicated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal DNA and reversed the effect of ST2 deficiency on pulmonary responses to ozone in male mice. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that the interleukin-33 /ST2 pathway contributes to ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in male mice and suggest that the role of interleukin-33 is mediated at the level of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I. Kasahara
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Av Bld1 room 319, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jeremy E. Wilkinson
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Youngji Cho
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Av Bld1 room 319, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Aline P. Cardoso
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Av Bld1 room 319, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Stephanie A. Shore
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Av Bld1 room 319, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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22
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Ravi A, Chowdhury S, Dijkhuis A, Bonta PI, Sterk PJ, Lutter R. Neutrophilic inflammation in asthma and defective epithelial translational control. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:13993003.00547-2019. [PMID: 31109984 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00547-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophilic inflammation in asthma is associated with interleukin (IL)-17A, corticosteroid-insensitivity and bronchodilator-induced forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) reversibility. IL-17A synergises with tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the production of the neutrophil chemokine CXCL-8 by primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs).We hypothesised that local neutrophilic inflammation in asthma correlates with IL-17A and TNF-α-induced CXCL-8 production by PBECs from asthma patients.PBECs from most asthma patients displayed an exaggerated CXCL-8 production in response to TNF-α and IL-17A, but not to TNF-α alone, and which was also insensitive to corticosteroids. This hyperresponsiveness of PBECs strongly correlated with CXCL-8 levels and neutrophil numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage from the corresponding patients, but not with that of eosinophils. In addition, this hyperresponsiveness also correlated with bronchodilator-induced FEV1 % reversibility. At the molecular level, epithelial hyperresponsiveness was associated with failure of the translational repressor T-cell internal antigen-1 related protein (TiAR) to translocate to the cytoplasm to halt CXCL-8 production, as confirmed by TiAR knockdown. This is in line with the finding that hyperresponsive PBECs also produced enhanced levels of other inflammatory mediators.Hyperresponsive PBECs in asthma patients may underlie neutrophilic and corticosteroid-insensitive inflammation and a reduced FEV1, irrespective of eosinophilic inflammation. Normalising cytoplasmic translocation of TiAR is a potential therapeutic target in neutrophilic, corticosteroid-insensitive asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abilash Ravi
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Dept of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saheli Chowdhury
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Dept of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek Dijkhuis
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Dept of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter I Bonta
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Sterk
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Lutter
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands .,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Dept of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Ghanem AH, Esawy AM, Khalifa NA, Kamal HM. Evaluation of serum interleukin 17 and zinc levels in recalcitrant viral wart. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:954-959. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Helmy Ghanem
- Dermatology, Venereology, and Andrology Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
| | | | | | - Hend Mahmoud Kamal
- Dermatology, Venereology, and Andrology Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
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24
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Ito R, Maruoka S, Gon Y, Katano I, Takahashi T, Ito M, Izuhara K, Nunomura S. Recent Advances in Allergy Research Using Humanized Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112740. [PMID: 31167385 PMCID: PMC6600417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence rates of allergic diseases are increasing worldwide, particularly in industrial countries. To date, many mouse models have been generated for allergy research; studies conducted using these models have suggested the importance of cross-talk between immune cells and tissue-resident non-immune cells in the onset of allergic diseases. However, there are several differences between the immune systems of rodents and humans, and human studies are limited. Thus, mice reconstituted with human immune cells are a novel tool for the preclinical evaluation of the efficacy and safety of developing drugs. Genetic technologies for generating humanized mice have improved markedly in recent years. In this review, we will discuss recent progress in allergy research using humanized mice and introduce our recent humanized mouse model of airway inflammation in human immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Ito
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan.
| | - Shuichiro Maruoka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Gon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Ikumi Katano
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Takahashi
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan.
| | - Mamoru Ito
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan.
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga 849-0937, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Nunomura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga 849-0937, Japan.
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25
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Douros K, Thanopoulou MI, Boutopoulou B, Papadopoulou A, Papadimitriou A, Fretzayas A, Priftis KN. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and inflammatory markers in children with asthma. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2019; 47:209-213. [PMID: 29980401 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is accumulated evidence supporting a beneficial role of Mediterranean diet (MD) in the control of asthma symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between adherence to MD and serum levels of certain cytokines namely, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-17 known to have a pathogenetic role in the airway changes associated with asthma. METHODS We measured serum IL-4, IL-33, and IL-17, in 44 asthmatic and 26 healthy children, 5-15 years old. Their adherence to MD was estimated with the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents (KIDMED) score. RESULTS KIDMED score did not differ between the two groups (P=0.59) and was not correlated with any of the three measured cytokines. However, when the analysis was restricted only to asthmatic children, the KIDMED score was correlated with IL-4, IL-33, and IL-17 (Beta: -0.56, P=0.007; Beta: 0.57, P=0.010; Beta: -0.62, P=0.017, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that MD can modulate the production of some of the main inflammatory mediators of asthma, in asthmatic children.
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Liu SP, Huang L, Flores J, Ding Y, Li P, Peng J, Zuo G, Zhang JH, Lu J, Tang JP. Secukinumab attenuates reactive astrogliosis via IL-17RA/(C/EBPβ)/SIRT1 pathway in a rat model of germinal matrix hemorrhage. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:1151-1161. [PMID: 31020769 PMCID: PMC6776744 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Reactive astrogliosis plays a critical role in neurological deficits after germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH). It has been reported that interleukin‐17A and IL‐17A receptor IL‐17RA/(C/EBPβ)/SIRT1 signaling pathway enhances reactive astrogliosis after brain injuries. We evaluated the effects of secukinumab on reactive astrogliosis in a rat pup model of GMH. Methods A total of 146 Sprague Dawley P7 rat pups were used. GMH was induced by intraparenchymal injection of collagenase. Secukinumab was administered intranasally 1 hour post‐GMH. C/EBPβ CRISPR or SIRT1 antagonist EX527 was administrated intracerebroventricularly (icv) 48 hours and 1 hour before GMH induction, respectively. Neurobehavior, Western blot, histology, and immunohistochemistry were used to assess treatment regiments in the short term and long term. Results The endogenous IL‐17A, IL‐17RA, C/EBPβ, and GFAP and proliferation marker CyclinD1 were increased, while SIRT1 expression was decreased after GMH. Secukinumab treatment improved neurological deficits, reduced ventriculomegaly, and increased cortical thickness. Additionally, treatment increased SIRT1 expression and lowered proliferation proteins PCNA and CyclinD1 as well as GFAP expression. C/EBPβ CRISPR activation plasmid and EX527 reversed the antireactive astrogliosis effects of secukinumab. Conclusion Secukinumab attenuated reactive astrogliosis and reduced neurological deficits after GMH, partly by regulating IL‐17RA/(C/EBPβ)/SIRT1 pathways. Secukinumab may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for GMH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Peng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Jerry Flores
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Gang Zuo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Ji-Ping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
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Kim M, Park Y, Kwon Y, Kim Y, Byun J, Jeong MS, Kim HU, Jung HS, Mun JY, Jeoung D. MiR-135-5p-p62 Axis Regulates Autophagic Flux, Tumorigenic Potential, and Cellular Interactions Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles During Allergic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:738. [PMID: 31024564 PMCID: PMC6460569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between autophagy and allergic inflammation. In vitro allergic inflammation was accompanied by an increased autophagic flux in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL2H3) cells. 3-MA, an inhibitor of autophagic processes, negatively regulated allergic inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. The role of p62, a selective receptor of autophagy, in allergic inflammation was investigated. P62, increased by antigen stimulation, mediated in vitro allergic inflammation, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), and passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA). P62 mediated cellular interactions during allergic inflammation. It also mediated tumorigenic and metastatic potential of cancer cells enhanced by PSA. TargetScan analysis predicted that miR-135-5p was a negative regulator of p62. Luciferase activity assay showed that miR-135-5p directly regulated p62. MiR-135-5p mimic negatively regulated features of allergic inflammation and inhibited tumorigenic and metastatic potential of cancer cells enhanced by PSA. MiR-135-5p mimic also inhibited cellular interactions during allergic inflammation. Extracellular vesicles mediated allergic inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. Extracellular vesicles were also necessary for cellular interactions during allergic inflammation. Transmission electron microscopy showed p62 within extracellular vesicles of antigen-stimulated rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL2H3). Extracellular vesicles isolated from antigen-stimulated RBL2H3 cells induced activation of macrophages and enhanced invasion and migration potential of B16F1 mouse melanoma cells in a p62-dependent manner. Extracellular vesicles isolated from PSA-activated BALB/C mouse enhanced invasion and migration potential of B16F1 cells, and induced features of allergic inflammation in RBL2H3 cells. Thus, miR-135-5p-p62 axis might serve as a target for developing anti-allergy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yeongseo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yoojung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jaehwan Byun
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Myeong Seon Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Chuncheon Center, Korean Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Han-Ul Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Mun
- Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Gasiuniene E, Janulaityte I, Zemeckiene Z, Barkauskiene D, Sitkauskiene B. Elevated levels of interleukin-33 are associated with allergic and eosinophilic asthma. Scand J Immunol 2019; 89:e12724. [PMID: 30303258 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
IL-33 is a recently discovered cytokine which plays an important role in asthma pathogenesis. AIM To evaluate serum IL-33 in patients with asthma and healthy controls, and to evaluate the association of IL-33 with different asthma phenotypes. METHODS Patients with asthma (n = 115) and healthy subjects (n = 85) were included in the study. Subjects with asthma were divided into groups according to their phenotype: allergic/non-allergic, eosinophilic/non-eosinophilic, obese/non-obese and severity according to GINA (mild, moderate and severe). The concentration of IL-33 in serum was measured by standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The level of IL-33 was significantly higher in patients with asthma when compared to healthy subjects (672.73 ± 104.47 pg/mL vs 268.52 ± 27.56 pg/mL, P < 0.05). IL-33 was also higher in the allergic asthma group patients when compared to non-allergic asthmatics (844.61 ± 152.08 pg/mL vs 369.56 ± 77.94 pg/mL, P < 0.05). There was a significantly higher serum IL-33 level in the eosinophilic asthma group when compared to the group of non-eosinophilic asthma patients (1001.10 ± 199.11 pg/mL vs 337.49 ± 72.68 pg/mL, P < 0.01). We did not find a significant difference in serum IL-33 level between different asthma severity groups, obese and non-obese asthmatics. CONCLUSION IL-33 is increased in asthma patients, particularly in some phenotypes: allergic asthma and eosinophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edita Gasiuniene
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Janulaityte
- Department of Pulmonology, Laboratory of Pulmonology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Zivile Zemeckiene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Diana Barkauskiene
- Department of Pulmonology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Brigita Sitkauskiene
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Abe Y, Yamamoto N, Nakamura K, Arai K, Sakurai C, Hatsuzawa K, Ogura Y, Iseki K, Tase C, Kanemitsu K. IL-13 attenuates early local CXCL2-dependent neutrophil recruitment for Candida albicans clearance during a severe murine systemic infection. Immunobiology 2018; 224:15-29. [PMID: 30514570 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of IL-13 during a severe systemic Candida albicans infection, BALB/c control and IL-13-/- mice were examined for colony forming units (CFU) in the kidneys and survival days after intravenous infection. Proinflammatory mediators and cell recruitment into the tissue were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, a multiple ELISA system, and morphological cell differentiation. The IL-13-/- group exhibited a lower CFU number in the kidneys at 4 days and survived longer than the control mice, which was accompanied by significantly higher expression of C-X-C motif ligand 2 (CXCL2), IFN-γ, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in the infected kidneys. By contrast, the expression of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and IL-17 A on day 10 were significantly higher in the control mice than in the IL-13-/- group. When using an intratracheal infection model, the IL-13-/- group recruited a greater number of PMNs in 6 h, with rapidly increased CXCL2 in the alveolar space. In vitro testing with cultured bone-marrow-derived cells demonstrated rapid CXCL2 mRNA upregulation at 3 h after contact with C. albicans, which decreased with recombinant IL-13 pretreatment, whereas rIL-13 retained TGF-β upregulation. In a murine model of Candida systemic infection, preexistent IL-13 limits both the rapid CXCL2 elevation and PMN aggregation in the target organ to suppress inflammatory mediators, which also attenuates local pathogen clearance within four days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Abe
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Natsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Infection Control, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan; Health and Welfare Center of Sendai City, Taihaku Ward Branch Office, Taihaku-ku, Nagamachi-minami 1-15, Sendai, 982-8601, Japan.
| | - Kiwamu Nakamura
- Department of Infection Control, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Arai
- Department of Infection Control, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Chiye Sakurai
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Hatsuzawa
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ogura
- Division of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Ken Iseki
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Choichiro Tase
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Keiji Kanemitsu
- Department of Infection Control, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
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Hosoki K, Jaruga P, Itazawa T, Aguilera-Aguirre L, Coskun E, Hazra TK, Boldogh I, Dizdaroglu M, Sur S. Excision release of 5?hydroxycytosine oxidatively induced DNA base lesions from the lung genome by cat dander extract challenge stimulates allergic airway inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1676-1687. [PMID: 30244512 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ragweed pollen extract (RWPE) induces TLR4-NFκB-CXCL-dependent recruitment of ROS-generating neutrophils to the airway and OGG1 DNA glycosylase-dependent excision of oxidatively induced 8-OH-Gua DNA base lesions from the airway epithelial cell genome. Administration of free 8-OH-Gua base stimulates RWPE-induced allergic lung inflammation. These studies suggest that stimulation of innate receptors and their adaptor by allergenic extracts initiates excision of a set of DNA base lesions that facilitate innate/allergic lung inflammation. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that stimulation of a conserved innate receptor/adaptor pathway by allergenic extracts induces excision of a set of pro-inflammatory oxidatively induced DNA base lesions from the lung genome that stimulate allergic airway inflammation. METHODS Wild-type (WT), Tlr4KO, Tlr2KO, Myd88KO, and TrifKO mice were intranasally challenged once or repeatedly with cat dander extract (CDE), and innate or allergic inflammation and gene expression were quantified. We utilized GC-MS/MS to quantify a set of oxidatively induced DNA base lesions after challenge of naïve mice with CDE. RESULTS A single CDE challenge stimulated innate neutrophil recruitment that was partially dependent on TLR4 and TLR2, and completely on Myd88, but not TRIF. A single CDE challenge stimulated MyD88-dependent excision of DNA base lesions 5-OH-Cyt, FapyAde, and FapyGua from the lung genome. A single challenge of naïve WT mice with 5-OH-Cyt stimulated neutrophilic lung inflammation. Multiple CDE instillations stimulated MyD88-dependent allergic airway inflammation. Multiple administrations of 5-OH-Cyt with CDE stimulated allergic sensitization and allergic airway inflammation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE We show for the first time that CDE challenge stimulates MyD88-dependent excision of DNA base lesions. Our data suggest that the resultant-free base(s) contribute to CDE-induced innate/allergic lung inflammation. We suggest that blocking the MyD88 pathway in the airways with specific inhibitors may be a novel targeted strategy of inhibiting amplification of innate and adaptive immune inflammation in allergic diseases by oxidatively induced DNA base lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koa Hosoki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Pawel Jaruga
- Biomolecular Measurement Division National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Toshiko Itazawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | | | - Erdem Coskun
- Biomolecular Measurement Division National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Tapas K Hazra
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Miral Dizdaroglu
- Biomolecular Measurement Division National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Sanjiv Sur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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31
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Ito R, Maruoka S, Soda K, Katano I, Kawai K, Yagoto M, Hanazawa A, Takahashi T, Ogura T, Goto M, Takahashi R, Toyoshima S, Okayama Y, Izuhara K, Gon Y, Hashimoto S, Ito M, Nunomura S. A humanized mouse model to study asthmatic airway inflammation via the human IL-33/IL-13 axis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121580. [PMID: 30385714 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common immunological diseases and is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), mucus overproduction, and airway eosinophilia. Although mouse models have provided insight into the mechanisms by which type-2 cytokines induce asthmatic airway inflammation, differences between the rodent and human immune systems hamper efforts to improve understanding of human allergic diseases. In this study, we aim to establish a preclinical animal model of asthmatic airway inflammation using humanized IL-3/GM-CSF or IL-3/GM-CSF/IL-5 Tg NOD/Shi-scid-IL2rγnull (NOG) mice and investigate the roles of human type-2 immune responses in the asthmatic mice. Several important characteristics of asthma - such as AHR, goblet cell hyperplasia, T cell infiltration, IL-13 production, and periostin secretion - were induced in IL-3/GM-CSF Tg mice by intratracheally administered human IL-33. In addition to these characteristics, human eosinophilic inflammation was observed in IL-3/GM-CSF/IL-5 Tg mice. The asthmatic mechanisms of the humanized mice were driven by activation of human Th2 and mast cells by IL-33 stimulation. Furthermore, treatment of the humanized mice with an anti-human IL-13 antibody significantly suppressed these characteristics. Therefore, the humanized mice may enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of allergic disorders and facilitate the preclinical development of new therapeutics for IL-33-mediated type-2 inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Ito
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Maruoka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Soda
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikumi Katano
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawai
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mika Yagoto
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Asami Hanazawa
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Tomoyuki Ogura
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motohito Goto
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Riichi Takahashi
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shota Toyoshima
- Allergy and Immunology Research Project Team, Research Institute of Medical Science, Center for Institutional Research and Medical Education, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Okayama
- Allergy and Immunology Research Project Team, Research Institute of Medical Science, Center for Institutional Research and Medical Education, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Gon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Hashimoto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ito
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nunomura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
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Fournié JJ, Poupot M. The Pro-tumorigenic IL-33 Involved in Antitumor Immunity: A Yin and Yang Cytokine. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2506. [PMID: 30416507 PMCID: PMC6212549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33), considered as an alarmin released upon tissue stress or damage, is a member of the IL-1 family and binds the ST2 receptor. First described as a potent initiator of type 2 immune responses through the activation of T helper 2 (TH2) cells and mast cells, IL-33 is now also known as an effective stimulator of TH1 immune cells, natural killer (NK) cells, iNKT cells, and CD8 T lymphocytes. Moreover, IL-33 was shown to play an important role in several cancers due to its pro and anti-tumorigenic functions. Currently, IL-33 is a possible inducer and prognostic marker of cancer development with a direct effect on tumor cells promoting tumorigenesis, proliferation, survival, and metastasis. IL-33 also promotes tumor growth and metastasis by remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME) and inducing angiogenesis. IL-33 favors tumor progression through the immune system by inducing M2 macrophage polarization and tumor infiltration, and upon activation of immunosuppressive cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) or regulatory T cells. The anti-tumor functions of IL-33 also depend on infiltrated immune cells displaying TH1 responses. This review therefore summarizes the dual role of this cytokine in cancer and suggests that new proposals for IL-33-based cancer immunotherapies should be considered with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Fournié
- INSERM UMR 1037 Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), ERL 5294 CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire d'excellence Toucan, Toulouse, France
| | - Mary Poupot
- INSERM UMR 1037 Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), ERL 5294 CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire d'excellence Toucan, Toulouse, France
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Ogawa H, Azuma M, Tsunematsu T, Morimoto Y, Kondo M, Tezuka T, Nishioka Y, Tsuneyama K. Neutrophils induce smooth muscle hyperplasia via neutrophil elastase-induced FGF-2 in a mouse model of asthma with mixed inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1715-1725. [PMID: 30171733 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial asthma is traditionally characterized by chronic allergic inflammation, including eosinophilia and elevated Th2 cytokines. Recently, IL-17-derived neutrophil infiltration was shown to correlate with asthma severity and airway remodelling. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of IL-17-derived neutrophils in airway remodelling in chronic bronchial asthma. METHODS We utilized house dust mite antigen-induced mouse models of asthma. Intranasal sensitization and chronic antigen challenge caused a mixed allergic inflammation that included eosinophils and neutrophils (Mix-in group). We neutralized IL-17 and fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and investigated the mechanism of airway remodelling in the Mix-in group. RESULTS The Mix-in group displayed neutrophilic infiltration and high levels of IL-17 in lung tissue. The Mix-in group also exhibited more bronchial smooth muscle hyperplasia. IL-17 neutralization decreased the magnitude of all of these effects in the Mix-in group. Antibody arrays revealed an increase in FGF-2 in the Mix-in Group relative to the Eo-ip group, and FGF-2 elevation was associated with smooth muscle hypertrophy/hyperplasia. High concentrations of neutrophil elastase enhanced E-cadherin/β-catenin signalling in bronchial epithelial cells. Neutrophil elastase inhibitor treatment decreased FGF-2 production and E-cadherin/β-catenin signalling, which inhibited smooth muscle hyperplasia. CONCLUSION The IL-17/neutrophil axis may play an important role in airway remodelling by contributing to smooth muscle hypertrophy/hyperplasia in mixed allergic inflammation and accordingly represents an attractive therapeutic target for severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiko Azuma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Medical Education, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuuki Morimoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mayo Kondo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tezuka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Evaluation of Soluble CD48 Levels in Patients with Allergic and Nonallergic Asthma in Relation to Markers of Type 2 and Non-Type 2 Immunity: An Observational Study. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:4236263. [PMID: 30306094 PMCID: PMC6165012 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4236263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CD48 is a costimulatory receptor associated with human asthma. We aimed to assess the significance of the soluble form of CD48 (sCD48) in allergic and nonallergic asthma. Volunteer patients completed an asthma and allergy questionnaire, spirometry, methacholine challenge test, a common allergen skin prick test, and a complete blood count. sCD48, IgE, IL5, IL17A, IL33, and IFNγ were quantitated in serum by ELISA. Asthma was defined as positive methacholine challenge test or a 15% increase in FEV1 post bronchodilator in symptomatic individuals. Allergy was defined as positive skin test or IgE levels > 200 IU/l in symptomatic individuals. 137 individuals participated in the study: 82 (60%) were diagnosed with asthma of which 53 (64%) was allergic asthma. sCD48 levels were significantly elevated in patients with nonallergic asthma compared to control and to the allergic asthma cohort (median (IQR) pg/ml, 1487 (1338–1758) vs. 1308 (1070–1581), p < 0.01, and 1336 (1129–1591), p = 0.02, respectively). IL17A, IL33, and IFNγ levels were significantly elevated in allergic and nonallergic asthmatics when compared to control. No correlation was found between sCD48 level and other disease markers. sCD48 is elevated in nonallergic asthma. Additional studies are required for understanding the role of sCD48 in airway disease.
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Michaudel C, Mackowiak C, Maillet I, Fauconnier L, Akdis CA, Sokolowska M, Dreher A, Tan HTT, Quesniaux VF, Ryffel B, Togbe D. Ozone exposure induces respiratory barrier biphasic injury and inflammation controlled by IL-33. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:942-958. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Guo XZJ, Dash P, Crawford JC, Allen EK, Zamora AE, Boyd DF, Duan S, Bajracharya R, Awad WA, Apiwattanakul N, Vogel P, Kanneganti TD, Thomas PG. Lung γδ T Cells Mediate Protective Responses during Neonatal Influenza Infection that Are Associated with Type 2 Immunity. Immunity 2018; 49:531-544.e6. [PMID: 30170813 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Compared to adults, infants suffer higher rates of hospitalization, severe clinical complications, and mortality due to influenza infection. We found that γδ T cells protected neonatal mice against mortality during influenza infection. γδ T cell deficiency did not alter viral clearance or interferon-γ production. Instead, neonatal influenza infection induced the accumulation of interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-producing γδ T cells, which was associated with IL-33 production by lung epithelial cells. Neonates lacking IL-17A-expressing γδ T cells or Il33 had higher mortality upon influenza infection. γδ T cells and IL-33 promoted lung infiltration of group 2 innate lymphoid cells and regulatory T cells, resulting in increased amphiregulin secretion and tissue repair. In influenza-infected children, IL-17A, IL-33, and amphiregulin expression were correlated, and increased IL-17A levels in nasal aspirates were associated with better clinical outcomes. Our results indicate that γδ T cells are required in influenza-infected neonates to initiate protective immunity and mediate lung homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Zhi J Guo
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Pradyot Dash
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jeremy Chase Crawford
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - E Kaitlynn Allen
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Anthony E Zamora
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David F Boyd
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Susu Duan
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Resha Bajracharya
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Walid A Awad
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nopporn Apiwattanakul
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Peter Vogel
- Veterinary Pathology Core, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Rajput C, Han M, Bentley JK, Lei J, Ishikawa T, Wu Q, Hinde JL, Callear AP, Stillwell TL, Jackson WT, Martin ET, Hershenson MB. Enterovirus D68 infection induces IL-17-dependent neutrophilic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121882. [PMID: 30135310 PMCID: PMC6141171 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) shares biologic features with rhinovirus (RV). In 2014, a nationwide outbreak of EV-D68 was associated with severe asthma-like symptoms. We sought to develop a mouse model of EV-D68 infection and determine the mechanisms underlying airway disease. BALB/c mice were inoculated intranasally with EV-D68 (2014 isolate), RV-A1B, or sham, alone or in combination with anti-IL-17A or house dust mite (HDM) treatment. Like RV-A1B, lung EV-D68 viral RNA peaked 12 hours after infection. EV-D68 induced airway inflammation, expression of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12b, IL-17A, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL10, and CCL2), and airway hyperresponsiveness, which were suppressed by anti-IL-17A antibody. Neutrophilic inflammation and airway responsiveness were significantly higher after EV-D68 compared with RV-A1B infection. Flow cytometry showed increased lineage-, NKp46-, RORγt+ IL-17+ILC3s and γδ T cells in the lungs of EV-D68-treated mice compared with those in RV-treated mice. EV-D68 infection of HDM-exposed mice induced additive or synergistic increases in BAL neutrophils and eosinophils and expression of IL-17, CCL11, IL-5, and Muc5AC. Finally, patients from the 2014 epidemic period with EV-D68 showed significantly higher nasopharyngeal IL-17 mRNA levels compared with patients with RV-A infection. EV-D68 infection induces IL-17-dependent airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, which is greater than that generated by RV-A1B, consistent with the clinical picture of severe asthma-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Rajput
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mingyuan Han
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - J. Kelley Bentley
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jing Lei
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tomoko Ishikawa
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Qian Wu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joanna L. Hinde
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amy P. Callear
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Terri L. Stillwell
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - William T. Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily T. Martin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marc B. Hershenson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Smith CK, Trinchieri G. The interplay between neutrophils and microbiota in cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:701-715. [PMID: 30044897 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ri0418-151r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the microbiota in many diseases including cancer has gained increasing attention. Paired with this is our expanding appreciation for the heterogeneity of the neutrophil compartment regarding surface marker expression and functionality. In this review, we will discuss the influence of the microbiota on granulopoiesis and consequent activity of neutrophils in cancer. As evidence for this microbiota-neutrophil-cancer axis builds, it exposes new therapeutic targets to improve a cancer patient's outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne K Smith
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Mechanistic Basis for Obesity-related Increases in Ozone-induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Mice. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 14:S357-S362. [PMID: 29161088 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201702-140aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for asthma, especially nonallergic asthma. Ozone, a common air pollutant, is a nonallergic asthma trigger. Importantly, ozone-induced decrements in lung function are greater in obese and overweight human subjects than in lean individuals. Obese mice also exhibit exaggerated pulmonary responses to ozone. Ozone causes greater increases in pulmonary resistance, in bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophils, and in airway hyperresponsiveness in obese than in lean mice. Our data indicate that IL-33 plays a role in mediating these events. Ozone causes greater release of IL-33 into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in obese than in lean mice. Furthermore, an antibody blocking the IL-33 receptor, ST2, attenuates ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in obese but not in lean mice. Our data also indicate a complex role for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in obesity-related effects on the response to ozone. In obese mice, genetic deficiency in either TNF-α or TNF-α receptor 2 augments ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, whereas TNF-α receptor 2 deficiency virtually abolishes ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in lean mice. Finally, obesity is known to alter the gut microbiome. In female mice, antibiotics attenuate obesity-related increases in the effect of ozone on airway hyperresponsiveness, possibly by altering microbial production of short-chain fatty acids. Asthma control is often difficult to achieve in obese patients with asthma. Our data suggest that therapeutics directed against IL-33 may ultimately prove effective in these patients. The data also suggest that dietary manipulations and other strategies (prebiotics, probiotics) that alter the microbiome and/or its metabolic products may represent a new frontier for treating asthma in obese individuals.
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40
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Mathews JA, Krishnamoorthy N, Kasahara DI, Hutchinson J, Cho Y, Brand JD, Williams AS, Wurmbrand AP, Ribeiro L, Cuttitta F, Sunday ME, Levy BD, Shore SA. Augmented Responses to Ozone in Obese Mice Require IL-17A and Gastrin-Releasing Peptide. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:341-351. [PMID: 28957638 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0071oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ozone and obesity both increase IL-17A in the lungs. In mice, obesity augments the airway hyperresponsiveness and neutrophil recruitment induced by acute ozone exposure. Therefore, we examined the role of IL-17A in obesity-related increases in the response to ozone observed in obese mice. Lean wild-type and obese db/db mice were pretreated with IL-17A-blocking or isotype antibodies, exposed to air or ozone (2 ppm for 3 h), and evaluated 24 hours later. Microarray analysis of lung tissue gene expression was used to examine the mechanistic basis for effects of anti-IL-17A. Compared with lean mice, ozone-exposed obese mice had greater concentrations of BAL IL-17A and greater numbers of pulmonary IL-17A+ cells. Ozone-induced increases in BAL IL-23 and CCL20, cytokines important for IL-17A+ cell recruitment and activation, were also greater in obese mice. Anti-IL-17A treatment reduced ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness toward levels observed in lean mice. Anti-IL-17A treatment also reduced BAL neutrophils in both lean and obese mice, possibly because of reductions in CXCL1. Microarray analysis identified gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptor (Grpr) among those genes that were both elevated in the lungs of obese mice after ozone exposure and reduced after anti-IL-17A treatment. Furthermore, ozone exposure increased BAL GRP to a greater extent in obese than in lean mice, and GRP-neutralizing antibody treatment reduced obesity-related increases in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and neutrophil recruitment. Our data indicate that IL-17A contributes to augmented responses to ozone in db/db mice. Furthermore, IL-17A appears to act at least in part by inducing expression of Grpr.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nandini Krishnamoorthy
- 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts
| | | | - John Hutchinson
- 3 Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Frank Cuttitta
- 4 Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Mary E Sunday
- 5 Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bruce D Levy
- 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts
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Cai T, Qiu J, Ji Y, Li W, Ding Z, Suo C, Chang J, Wang J, He R, Qian Y, Guo X, Zhou L, Sheng H, Shen L, Qiu J. IL-17-producing ST2 + group 2 innate lymphoid cells play a pathogenic role in lung inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:229-244.e9. [PMID: 29625134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-17 plays a pathogenic role in asthma. ST2- inflammatory group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) driven by IL-25 can produce IL-17, whereas ST2+ natural ILC2s produce little IL-17. OBJECTIVE We characterized ST2+IL-17+ ILC2s during lung inflammation and determined the pathogenesis and molecular regulation of ST2+IL-17+ ILC2s. METHODS Lung inflammation was induced by papain or IL-33. IL-17 production by lung ILC2s from wild-type, Rag1-/-, Rorcgfp/gfp, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr)-/- mice was examined by using flow cytometry. Bone marrow transfer experiments were performed to evaluate hematopoietic myeloid differentiation primary response gene-88 (MyD88) signaling in regulating IL-17 production by ILC2s. mRNA expression of IL-17 was analyzed in purified naive ILC2s treated with IL-33, leukotrienes, and inhibitors for nuclear factor of activated T cells, p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, or nuclear factor κ light-chain enhancer of activated B cells. The pathogenesis of IL-17+ ILC2s was determined by transferring wild-type or Il17-/- ILC2s to Rag2-/-Il2rg-/- mice, which further induced lung inflammation. Finally, expression of 106 ILC2 signature genes was compared between ST2+IL-17+ ILC2s and ST2+IL-17- ILC2s. RESULTS Papain or IL-33 treatment boosted IL-17 production from ST2+ ILC2s (referred to by us as ILC217s) but not ST2- ILC2s. Ahr, but not retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt, facilitated the production of IL-17 by ILC217s. The hematopoietic compartment of MyD88 signaling is essential for ILC217 induction. IL-33 works in synergy with leukotrienes, which signal through nuclear factor of activated T-cell activation to promote IL-17 in ILC217s. Il17-/- ILC2s were less pathogenic in lung inflammation. ILC217s concomitantly expressed IL-5 and IL-13 but expressed little GM-CSF. CONCLUSION During lung inflammation, IL-33 and leukotrienes synergistically induce ILC217s. ILC217s are a highly pathogenic and unexpected source for IL-17 in lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxin Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyun Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Suo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youcun Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohuan Guo
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla
| | - Huiming Sheng
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ju Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Kong IG, Kim DW. Pathogenesis of Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis: The Emerging Role of Innate Immune Cells. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e6. [PMID: 29732233 PMCID: PMC5928419 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a major part of the recalcitrant inflammatory diseases of the upper airway that needs enormous socioeconomic burden. T helper (Th) 2 type immune responses recruiting eosinophils were the most well-known immune players in CRS pathogenesis especially in western countries. By the piling up of a vast amount of researches to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of CRS recently, heterogeneous inflammatory processes were found to be related to the phenotypes of CRS. Recently more cells other than T cells were in the focus of CRS pathogenesis, such as the epithelial cell, macrophage, innate lymphoid cells, and neutrophils. Here, we reviewed the recent research focusing on the innate immune cells related to CRS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Gyu Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea
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43
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Nabe T, Mizutani N, Matsuda M. Murine asthma model focusing on IL-33. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2017; 150:78-82. [PMID: 28794302 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.150.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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44
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Paquissi FC. Immunity and Fibrogenesis: The Role of Th17/IL-17 Axis in HBV and HCV-induced Chronic Hepatitis and Progression to Cirrhosis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1195. [PMID: 29033929 PMCID: PMC5626935 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis is a common final pathway for most chronic liver diseases; representing an increasing burden worldwide and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Current evidence has shown that, after an initial injury, the immune response has a significant participation in the ongoing damage, and progression from chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) to cirrhosis, driving the activation and maintenance of main fibrogenic pathways. Among immune deregulations, those related to the subtype 17 of T helper lymphocytes (Th17)/interleukin-17 (IL-17) axis have been recognized as key immunopathological and prognostic elements in patients with CVH. The Th17/IL-17 axis has been found involved in several points of fibrogenesis chain from the activation of stellate cells, increased expression of profibrotic factors as TGF-β, promotion of the myofibroblastic or epithelial–mesenchymal transition, stimulation of the synthesis of collagen, and induction of imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). It also promotes the recruitment of inflammatory cells and increases the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-23. So, the Th17/IL-17 axis is simultaneously the fuel and the flame of a sustained proinflammatory and profibrotic environment. This work aims to present the immunopathologic and prognostic role of the Th17/IL-17 axis and related pathways in fibrogenesis and progression to cirrhosis in patients with liver disease due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV).
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Brown KR, Krouse RZ, Calatroni A, Visness CM, Sivaprasad U, Kercsmar CM, Matsui EC, West JB, Makhija MM, Gill MA, Kim H, Kattan M, Pillai D, Gern JE, Busse WW, Togias A, Liu AH, Khurana Hershey GK. Endotypes of difficult-to-control asthma in inner-city African American children. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180778. [PMID: 28686637 PMCID: PMC5501607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
African Americans have higher rates of asthma prevalence, morbidity, and mortality in comparison with other racial groups. We sought to characterize endotypes of childhood asthma severity in African American patients in an inner-city pediatric asthma population. Baseline blood neutrophils, blood eosinophils, and 38 serum cytokine levels were measured in a sample of 235 asthmatic children (6-17 years) enrolled in the NIAID (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)-sponsored Asthma Phenotypes in the Inner City (APIC) study (ICAC (Inner City Asthma Consortium)-19). Cytokines were quantified using a MILLIPLEX panel and analyzed on a Luminex analyzer. Patients were classified as Easy-to-Control or Difficult-to-Control based on the required dose of controller medications over one year of prospective management. A multivariate variable selection procedure was used to select cytokines associated with Difficult-to-Control versus Easy-to-Control asthma, adjusting for age, sex, blood eosinophils, and blood neutrophils. In inner-city African American children, 12 cytokines were significant predictors of Difficult-to-Control asthma (n = 235). CXCL-1, IL-5, IL-8, and IL-17A were positively associated with Difficult-to-Control asthma, while IL-4 and IL-13 were positively associated with Easy-to-Control asthma. Using likelihood ratio testing, it was observed that in addition to blood eosinophils and neutrophils, serum cytokines improved the fit of the model. In an inner-city pediatric population, serum cytokines significantly contributed to the definition of Difficult-to-Control asthma endotypes in African American children. Mixed responses characterized by TH2 (IL-5) and TH17-associated cytokines were associated with Difficult-to-Control asthma. Collectively, these data may contribute to risk stratification of Difficult-to-Control asthma in the African American population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. R. Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - R. Z. Krouse
- Rho Federal Systems Division Inc., Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - A. Calatroni
- Rho Federal Systems Division Inc., Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - C. M. Visness
- Rho Federal Systems Division Inc., Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - U. Sivaprasad
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - C. M. Kercsmar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - E. C. Matsui
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - J. B. West
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - M. M. Makhija
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - M. A. Gill
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - H. Kim
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - M. Kattan
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - D. Pillai
- Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - J. E. Gern
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - W. W. Busse
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - A. Togias
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - A. H. Liu
- National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Children’s Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - G. K. Khurana Hershey
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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Xu J, Guardado J, Hoffman R, Xu H, Namas R, Vodovotz Y, Xu L, Ramadan M, Brown J, Turnquist HR, Billiar TR. IL33-mediated ILC2 activation and neutrophil IL5 production in the lung response after severe trauma: A reverse translation study from a human cohort to a mouse trauma model. PLoS Med 2017; 14:e1002365. [PMID: 28742815 PMCID: PMC5526517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunosuppression and immune dysregulation that follows severe injury includes type 2 immune responses manifested by elevations in interleukin (IL) 4, IL5, and IL13 early after injury. We hypothesized that IL33, an alarmin released early after tissue injury and a known regulator of type 2 immunity, contributes to the early type 2 immune responses after systemic injury. METHODS AND FINDINGS Blunt trauma patients admitted to the trauma intensive care unit of a level I trauma center were enrolled in an observational study that included frequent blood sampling. Dynamic changes in IL33 and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) levels were measured in the plasma and correlated with levels of the type 2 cytokines and nosocomial infection. Based on the observations in humans, mechanistic experiments were designed in a mouse model of resuscitated hemorrhagic shock and tissue trauma (HS/T). These experiments utilized wild-type C57BL/6 mice, IL33-/- mice, B6.C3(Cg)-Rorasg/sg mice deficient in group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), and C57BL/6 wild-type mice treated with anti-IL5 antibody. Severely injured human blunt trauma patients (n = 472, average injury severity score [ISS] = 20.2) exhibited elevations in plasma IL33 levels upon admission and over time that correlated positively with increases in IL4, IL5, and IL13 (P < 0.0001). sST2 levels also increased after injury but in a delayed manner compared with IL33. The increases in IL33 and sST2 were significantly greater in patients that developed nosocomial infection and organ dysfunction than similarly injured patients that did not (P < 0.05). Mechanistic studies were carried out in a mouse model of HS/T that recapitulated the early increase in IL33 and delayed increase in sST2 in the plasma (P < 0.005). These studies identified a pathway where IL33 induces ILC2 activation in the lung within hours of HS/T. ILC2 IL5 up-regulation induces further IL5 expression by CXCR2+ lung neutrophils, culminating in early lung injury. The major limitations of this study are the descriptive nature of the human study component and the impact of the potential differences between human and mouse immune responses to polytrauma. Also, the studies performed did not permit us to make conclusions about the impact of IL33 on pulmonary function. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that IL33 may initiate early detrimental type 2 immune responses after trauma through ILC2 regulation of neutrophil IL5 production. This IL33-ILC2-IL5-neutrophil axis defines a novel regulatory role for ILC2 in acute lung injury that could be targeted in trauma patients prone to early lung dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Second Department of Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jesse Guardado
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rosemary Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Rami Namas
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yoram Vodovotz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Mostafa Ramadan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joshua Brown
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Heth R. Turnquist
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TRB); (HRT)
| | - Timothy R. Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TRB); (HRT)
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Liu MW, Liu R, Wu HY, Chen M, Dong MN, Huang YQ, Zhang CH, Wang YZ, Xia J, Shi Y, Xie FM, Luo H, Zhao XY, Wei W, Su MX. Atorvastatin has a protective effect in a mouse model of bronchial asthma through regulating tissue transglutaminase and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 expression. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:917-930. [PMID: 28810543 PMCID: PMC5526119 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling in asthma contributes to airway hyperreactivity, loss of lung function and persistent symptoms. Current therapies do not adequately treat the structural airway changes associated with asthma. Statin drugs have improved respiratory health and their therapeutic potential in asthma has been tested in clinical trials. However, the mechanism of action of statins in this context has remained elusive. The present study hypothesized that atorvastatin treatment of ovalbumin-exposed mice attenuates early features of airway remodeling via a mevalonate-dependent mechanism. BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin and atorvastatin was delivered via oral gavage prior to each ovalbumin exposure. Reverse transcription-semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-semi-qPCR), ELISA and western blot analysis were used to assess the expression of a number of relevant genes, including tissue transglutaminase (tTG), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf) 2, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 in lung tissue. α-Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) activity was measured by immunohistochemistry. Airway hyperresponsiveness, lung collagen deposition, airway wall area, airway smooth muscle thickness and lung pathology were also assessed. Atorvastatin treatment led to downregulation of tTG and TREM-1 expression in lung tissue after ovalbumin sensitization, blocked the activity of MMP-9, vascular endothelial growth factor, nuclear factor-κB p65, α-SMA, HIF-α and TGF-β1 and up-regulated Nrf2 expression. Furthermore, the number of lymphocytes and eosinophils in the atorvastatin group was significantly lower than that in the control group. In addition, airway hyperresponsiveness, lung collagen deposition, airway wall area, airway smooth muscle thickness and pathological changes in the lung were significantly decreased in the atorvastatin group, and tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-13 and IL-17 in serum were significantly decreased. Histological results demonstrated the attenuating effect of atorvastatin on ovalbumin-induced airway remodeling in asthma. In conclusion, the present study indicated that atorvastatin significantly alleviated ovalbumin-induced airway remodeling in asthma by downregulating tTG and TREM-1 expression. The marked protective effects of atorvastatin suggest its therapeutic potential in ovalbumin-induced airway remodeling in asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Ying Wu
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Yan'An Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Min-Na Dong
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Qiao Huang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Hai Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Zhong Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xia
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Mei Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650106, P.R. China
| | - Hua Luo
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Xian Su
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650106, P.R. China
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Mathews JA, Krishnamoorthy N, Kasahara DI, Cho Y, Wurmbrand AP, Ribeiro L, Smith D, Umetsu D, Levy BD, Shore SA. IL-33 Drives Augmented Responses to Ozone in Obese Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:246-253. [PMID: 27472835 PMCID: PMC5289908 DOI: 10.1289/ehp272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ozone increases IL-33 in the lungs, and obesity augments the pulmonary effects of acute ozone exposure. OBJECTIVES We assessed the role of IL-33 in the augmented effects of ozone observed in obese mice. METHODS Lean wildtype and obese db/db mice were pretreated with antibodies blocking the IL-33 receptor, ST2, and then exposed to ozone (2 ppm for 3 hr). Airway responsiveness was assessed, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, and lung cells harvested for flow cytometry 24 hr later. Effects of ozone were also assessed in obese and lean mice deficient in γδ T cells and their wildtype controls. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Ozone caused greater increases in BAL IL-33, neutrophils, and airway responsiveness in obese than lean mice. Anti-ST2 reduced ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in obese mice but had no effect in lean mice. Obesity also augmented ozone-induced increases in BAL CXCL1 and IL-6, and in BAL type 2 cytokines, whereas anti-ST2 treatment reduced these cytokines. In obese mice, ozone increased lung IL-13+ innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2) and IL-13+ γδ T cells. Ozone increased ST2+ γδ T cells, indicating that these cells can be targets of IL-33, and γδ T cell deficiency reduced obesity-related increases in the response to ozone, including increases in type 2 cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that IL-33 contributes to augmented responses to ozone in obese mice. Obesity and ozone also interacted to promote type 2 cytokine production in γδ T cells and ILC2 in the lungs, which may contribute to the observed effects of IL-33. Citation: Mathews JA, Krishnamoorthy N, Kasahara DI, Cho Y, Wurmbrand AP, Ribeiro L, Smith D, Umetsu D, Levy BD, Shore SA. 2017. IL-33 drives augmented responses to ozone in obese mice. Environ Health Perspect 125:246-253; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP272.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A. Mathews
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Address correspondence to J.A. Mathews, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115-6021 USA. Telephone: (617) 432-0989. E-mail:
| | - Nandini Krishnamoorthy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine Building, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Itiro Kasahara
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Youngji Cho
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allison Patricia Wurmbrand
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luiza Ribeiro
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dirk Smith
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dale Umetsu
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bruce D. Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine Building, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie Ann Shore
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kim DW, Cho SH. Emerging Endotypes of Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Its Application to Precision Medicine. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017; 9:299-306. [PMID: 28497916 PMCID: PMC5446944 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2017.9.4.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease with various underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms which translate to endotypes, in contrast to clinical phenotypes or histological subtypes. Defining endotypes can help clinicians predict disease prognosis, select subjects suitable for a specific therapy, and assess risks for comorbid conditions, including asthma. Therefore, with recent advancement of biologicals in CRS clinical trials, endotyping can be a breakthrough in treating recalcitrant CRS. CRS is caused by dysregulated immunologic responses to external stimuli, which induce various inflammatory mediators from inflammatory cells, including innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and T lymphocytes as well as epithelial cells. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-25, and IL-33, which are mainly secreted by epithelial cells in response to external stimuli, act on type 2 ILCs and T helper 2 (Th2) cells, inducing IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Local immunoglobulin E (IgE) production is also a signature event in nasal polyps (NP). These inflammatory mediators are novel potential therapeutic targets for recalcitrant CRS. This article reviews recent publications regarding endotypes and endotype-based therapeutic strategies in CRS and NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Woo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong H Cho
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Kärner J, Wawrzyniak M, Tankov S, Runnel T, Aints A, Kisand K, Altraja A, Kingo K, Akdis CA, Akdis M, Rebane A. Increased microRNA-323-3p in IL-22/IL-17-producing T cells and asthma: a role in the regulation of the TGF-β pathway and IL-22 production. Allergy 2017; 72:55-65. [PMID: 27059796 DOI: 10.1111/all.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-22- and IL-17-producing T cells have important roles in allergic diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression and modulate numerous biological processes. Little is known about the functions of miRNAs in IL-22/IL-17-producing T cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS IL-22- and IL-17-positive T cells were sorted from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by intracellular staining and dual-secretion assay. miRNA expression profiles were detected with TaqMan array microfluidic cards. T cells were transfected with miRNA mimics. Gene expression was analyzed using RT-qPCR and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in T-cell subsets and PBMCs from patients with asthma and atopic dermatitis. RESULTS The increased expression of miR-323-3p and noncoding RNA nc886 and reduced expression of miR-93, miR-181a, miR-26a, and miR-874 were detected in IL-22-producing T cells. The pathway analysis of the putative targets suggested that these differentially expressed miRNAs could impact the proliferation, differentiation, and effector functions of T cells. Further analyses showed the highest expression for miR-323-3p in IL-22- and IL-17-double-positive T cells and its capacity to suppress multiple genes from the transforming growth factor-β pathway and the production of IL-22 in T cells. An increased expression of miR-323-3p in PBMCs from patients with asthma and reverse correlation between miR-323-3p levels and IL-22 production in PBMCs cultured in T-cell growth conditions was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that miR-323-3p acts in a negative feedback loop to control the production of IL-22 in IL-22/IL-17-producing T cells and might thus impact the T-cell responses in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kärner
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - M Wawrzyniak
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - S Tankov
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - T Runnel
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - A Aints
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, University of Tartu and Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
| | - K Kisand
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - A Altraja
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - K Kingo
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - C A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - M Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - A Rebane
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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