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Luker AJ, Wukitch A, Kulinski JM, Ganesan S, Kabat J, Lack J, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio P, Metcalfe DD, Olivera A. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 4 links neutrophils and early local inflammation to lymphocyte recruitment into the draining lymph node to facilitate robust germinal center formation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1427509. [PMID: 39188715 PMCID: PMC11345157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1427509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The successful development of germinal centers (GC) relies heavily on innate mechanisms to amplify the initial inflammatory cascade. In addition to their role in antigen presentation, innate cells are essential for the redirection of circulating lymphocytes toward the draining lymph node (dLN) to maximize antigen surveillance. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) and its receptors (S1PR1-5) affect various aspects of immunity; however, the role of S1PR4 in regulating an immune response is not well understood. Here we use a footpad model of localized TH1 inflammation to carefully monitor changes in leukocyte populations within the blood, the immunized tissue, and the dLN. Within hours of immunization, neutrophils failed to adequately mobilize and infiltrate into the footpad tissue of S1PR4-/- mice, thereby diminishing the local vascular changes thought to be necessary for redirecting circulating cells toward the inflamed region. Neutrophil depletion with anti-Ly6G antibodies significantly reduced early tissue edema as well as the redirection and initial accumulation of naïve lymphocytes in dLN of WT mice, while the effects were less prominent or absent in S1PR4-/- dLN. Adoptive transfer experiments further demonstrated that the lymphocyte homing deficiencies in vivo were not intrinsic to the donor S1PR4-/- lymphocytes, but were instead attributed to differences within the S1PR4-deficient host. Reduced cell recruitment in S1PR4-/- mice would seed the dLN with fewer antigen-respondent lymphocytes and indeed, dLN hypertrophy at the peak of the immune response was severely diminished, with attenuated GC and activation pathways in these mice. Histological examination of the S1PR4-/- dLN also revealed an underdeveloped vascular network with reduced expression of the leukocyte tethering ligand, PNAd, within high endothelial venule regions, suggesting inadequate growth of the dLN meant to support a robust GC response. Thus, our study reveals that S1PR4 may link early immune modulation by neutrophils to the initial recruitment of circulating lymphocytes and downstream expansion and maturation of the dLN, thereby contributing to optimal GC development during an adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J. Luker
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Abigail Wukitch
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joseph M. Kulinski
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sundar Ganesan
- Biological Imaging Section, Collaborative Research Technologies Branch (CRT), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Biological Imaging Section, Collaborative Research Technologies Branch (CRT), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Justin Lack
- Integrated Data Sciences Section (IDSS), Research Technologies Branch (RTB), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Pamela Frischmeyer-Guerrerio
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dean D. Metcalfe
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ana Olivera
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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Ni Q, Li G, Chen Y, Bao C, Wang T, Li Y, Ruan X, Wang H, Sun W. LECs regulate neutrophil clearance through IL-17RC/CMTM4/NF-κB axis at sites of inflammation or infection. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:723-738. [PMID: 38754839 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays a vital role in the regulation of tissue fluid balance and the immune response to inflammation or infection. The effects of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) on the regulation of neutrophil migration have not been well-studied. In three murine models: imiquimod-induced skin inflammation, Staphylococcus aureus-induced skin infection, and ligature-induced periodontitis, we show that numerous neutrophils migrate from inflamed or infected tissues to the draining lymph nodes via lymphatic vessels. Moreover, inflamed or infected tissues express a high level of interleukin (IL)-17A and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, simultaneously with a significant increase in the release of neutrophil attractors, including CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL5. Importantly, in vitro stimulation of LECs with IL-17A plus TNF-α synergistically promoted these chemokine secretions. Mechanistically, tetra-transmembrane protein CMTM4 directly binds to IL-17RC in LECs. IL-17A plus TNF-α stimulates CXC chemokine secretion by promoting nuclear factor-kappa B signaling. In contrast, knockdown of CMTM4 abrogates IL-17A plus TNF-α activated nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways. Lastly, the local administration of adeno-associated virus for CMTM4 in Prox1-CreERT2 mice, mediating LEC-specific overexpression of CMTM4, promotes the drainage of neutrophils by LECs and alleviates immune pathological responses. Thus, our findings reveal the vital role of LECs-mediated neutrophil attraction and clearance at sites of inflammation or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqi Ni
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gen Li
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Bao
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingyi Li
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolei Ruan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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3
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Liu CH, Liu MC, Jheng PR, Yu J, Fan YJ, Liang JW, Hsiao YC, Chiang CW, Bolouki N, Lee JW, Hsieh JH, Mansel BW, Chen YT, Nguyen HT, Chuang EY. Plasma-Derived Nanoclusters for Site-Specific Multimodality Photo/Magnetic Thrombus Theranostics. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301504. [PMID: 37421244 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditional thrombolytic therapeutics for vascular blockage are affected by their limited penetration into thrombi, associated off-target side effects, and low bioavailability, leading to insufficient thrombolytic efficacy. It is hypothesized that these limitations can be overcome by the precisely controlled and targeted delivery of thrombolytic therapeutics. A theranostic platform is developed that is biocompatible, fluorescent, magnetic, and well-characterized, with multiple targeting modes. This multimodal theranostic system can be remotely visualized and magnetically guided toward thrombi, noninvasively irradiated by near-infrared (NIR) phototherapies, and remotely activated by actuated magnets for additional mechanical therapy. Magnetic guidance can also improve the penetration of nanomedicines into thrombi. In a mouse model of thrombosis, the thrombosis residues are reduced by ≈80% and with no risk of side effects or of secondary embolization. This strategy not only enables the progression of thrombolysis but also accelerates the lysis rate, thereby facilitating its prospective use in time-critical thrombolytic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Liu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 291 Zhongzheng Road, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ru Jheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jiashing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jui Fan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Liang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Nima Bolouki
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 60177, Czech Republic
| | - Jyh-Wei Lee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
- Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Hsing Hsieh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
- Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Bradley W Mansel
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hieu Trung Nguyen
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Er-Yuan Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Research Center of Biomedical Device, Innovation Entrepreneurship Education Center, College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, 11696, Taiwan
- Precision Medicine and Translational Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
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4
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Balog BM, Sonti A, Zigmond RE. Neutrophil biology in injuries and diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 228:102488. [PMID: 37355220 PMCID: PMC10528432 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The role of inflammation in nervous system injury and disease is attracting increased attention. Much of that research has focused on microglia in the central nervous system (CNS) and macrophages in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Much less attention has been paid to the roles played by neutrophils. Neutrophils are part of the granulocyte subtype of myeloid cells. These cells, like macrophages, originate and differentiate in the bone marrow from which they enter the circulation. After tissue damage or infection, neutrophils are the first immune cells to infiltrate into tissues and are directed there by specific chemokines, which act on chemokine receptors on neutrophils. We have reviewed here the basic biology of these cells, including their differentiation, the types of granules they contain, the chemokines that act on them, the subpopulations of neutrophils that exist, and their functions. We also discuss tools available for identification and further study of neutrophils. We then turn to a review of what is known about the role of neutrophils in CNS and PNS diseases and injury, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord and traumatic brain injuries, CNS and PNS axon regeneration, and neuropathic pain. While in the past studies have focused on neutrophils deleterious effects, we will highlight new findings about their benefits. Studies on their actions should lead to identification of ways to modify neutrophil effects to improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Balog
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4975, USA
| | - Anisha Sonti
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4975, USA
| | - Richard E Zigmond
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4975, USA.
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5
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Laaker C, Baenen C, Kovács KG, Sandor M, Fabry Z. Immune cells as messengers from the CNS to the periphery: the role of the meningeal lymphatic system in immune cell migration from the CNS. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233908. [PMID: 37662908 PMCID: PMC10471710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades there has been a large focus on understanding the mechanisms of peripheral immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) in neuroinflammatory diseases. This intense research led to several immunomodulatory therapies to attempt to regulate immune cell infiltration at the blood brain barrier (BBB), the choroid plexus (ChP) epithelium, and the glial barrier. The fate of these infiltrating immune cells depends on both the neuroinflammatory environment and their type-specific interactions with innate cells of the CNS. Although the fate of the majority of tissue infiltrating immune cells is death, a percentage of these cells could become tissue resident immune cells. Additionally, key populations of immune cells can possess the ability to "drain" out of the CNS and act as messengers reporting signals from the CNS toward peripheral lymphatics. Recent data supports that the meningeal lymphatic system is involved not just in fluid homeostatic functions in the CNS but also in facilitating immune cell migration, most notably dendritic cell migration from the CNS to the meningeal borders and to the draining cervical lymph nodes. Similar to the peripheral sites, draining immune cells from the CNS during neuroinflammation have the potential to coordinate immunity in the lymph nodes and thus influence disease. Here in this review, we will evaluate evidence of immune cell drainage from the brain via the meningeal lymphatics and establish the importance of this in animal models and humans. We will discuss how targeting immune cells at sites like the meningeal lymphatics could provide a new mechanism to better provide treatment for a variety of neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Laaker
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Cameron Baenen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kristóf G. Kovács
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matyas Sandor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Zsuzsanna Fabry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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6
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Martín-Hernández D, Muñoz-López M, Tendilla-Beltrán H, Caso JR, García-Bueno B, Menchén L, Leza JC. Immune System and Brain/Intestinal Barrier Functions in Psychiatric Diseases: Is Sphingosine-1-Phosphate at the Helm? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12634. [PMID: 37628815 PMCID: PMC10454107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, extensive research has shed light on immune alterations and the significance of dysfunctional biological barriers in psychiatric disorders. The leaky gut phenomenon, intimately linked to the integrity of both brain and intestinal barriers, may play a crucial role in the origin of peripheral and central inflammation in these pathologies. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid that regulates both the immune response and the permeability of biological barriers. Notably, S1P-based drugs, such as fingolimod and ozanimod, have received approval for treating multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), and ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory condition of the colon, respectively. Although the precise mechanisms of action are still under investigation, the effectiveness of S1P-based drugs in treating these pathologies sparks a debate on extending their use in psychiatry. This comprehensive review aims to delve into the molecular mechanisms through which S1P modulates the immune system and brain/intestinal barrier functions. Furthermore, it will specifically focus on psychiatric diseases, with the primary objective of uncovering the potential of innovative therapies based on S1P signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martín-Hernández
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Muñoz-López
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hiram Tendilla-Beltrán
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), 72570 Puebla, Mexico;
| | - Javier R. Caso
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja García-Bueno
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Menchén
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBEREHD, ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C. Leza
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-L.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERSAM, ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Guo J, Xu Z, Gunderson RC, Xu B, Michie SA. LFA-1/ICAM-1 Adhesion Pathway Mediates the Homeostatic Migration of Lymphocytes from Peripheral Tissues into Lymph Nodes through Lymphatic Vessels. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1194. [PMID: 37627259 PMCID: PMC10452152 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and its endothelial ligand intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) are important for the migration of lymphocytes from blood vessels into lymph nodes. However, it is largely unknown whether these molecules mediate the homeostatic migration of lymphocytes from peripheral tissues into lymph nodes through lymphatic vessels. In this study, we find that, in naive mice, ICAM-1 is expressed on the sinus endothelia of lymph nodes, but not on the lymphatic vessels of peripheral tissues. In in vivo lymphocyte migration assays, memory CD4+ T cells migrated to lymph nodes from peripheral tissues much more efficiently than from blood vessels, as compared to naive CD4+ T cells. Moreover, ICAM-1 deficiency in host mice significantly inhibited the migration of adoptively transferred wild-type donor lymphocytes from peripheral tissues, but not from blood vessels, into lymph nodes. The migration of LFA-1-deficient donor lymphocytes from peripheral tissues into the lymph nodes of wild-type host mice was also significantly reduced as compared to wild-type donor lymphocytes. Furthermore, the number of memory T cells in lymph nodes was significantly reduced in the absence of ICAM-1 or LFA-1. Thus, our study extends the functions of the LFA-1/ICAM-1 adhesion pathway, indicating its novel role in controlling the homeostatic migration of lymphocytes from peripheral tissues into lymph nodes and maintaining memory T cellularity in lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (J.G.); (Z.X.); (R.C.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Center for Hypertension Care, Shanxi Medical University First Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Zeyu Xu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (J.G.); (Z.X.); (R.C.G.)
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Rachel C. Gunderson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (J.G.); (Z.X.); (R.C.G.)
| | - Baohui Xu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (J.G.); (Z.X.); (R.C.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sara A. Michie
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (J.G.); (Z.X.); (R.C.G.)
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8
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James BN, Weigel C, Green CD, Brown RDR, Palladino END, Tharakan A, Milstien S, Proia RL, Martin RK, Spiegel S. Neutrophilia in severe asthma is reduced in Ormdl3 overexpressing mice. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22799. [PMID: 36753412 PMCID: PMC9990076 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201821r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have linked the ORM (yeast)-like protein isoform 3 (ORMDL3) to asthma severity. Although ORMDL3 is a member of a family that negatively regulates serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) and thus biosynthesis of sphingolipids, it is still unclear whether ORMDL3 and altered sphingolipid synthesis are causally related to non-Th2 severe asthma associated with a predominant neutrophil inflammation and high interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels. Here, we examined the effects of ORMDL3 overexpression in a preclinical mouse model of allergic lung inflammation that is predominantly neutrophilic and recapitulates many of the clinical features of severe human asthma. ORMDL3 overexpression reduced lung and circulating levels of dihydrosphingosine, the product of SPT. However, the most prominent effect on sphingolipid levels was reduction of circulating S1P. The LPS/OVA challenge increased markers of Th17 inflammation with a predominant infiltration of neutrophils into the lung. A significant decrease of neutrophil infiltration was observed in the Ormdl3 transgenic mice challenged with LPS/OVA compared to the wild type and concomitant decrease in IL-17, that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma. LPS decreased survival of murine neutrophils, which was prevented by co-treatment with S1P. Moreover, S1P potentiated LPS-induced chemotaxis of neutrophil, suggesting that S1P can regulate neutrophil survival and recruitment following LPS airway inflammation. Our findings reveal a novel connection between ORMDL3 overexpression, circulating levels of S1P, IL-17 and neutrophil recruitment into the lung, and questions the potential involvement of ORMDL3 in the pathology, leading to development of severe neutrophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana N. James
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Cynthia Weigel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Christopher D. Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Ryan D. R. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Elisa N. D. Palladino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Anuj Tharakan
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Sheldon Milstien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Richard L. Proia
- Genetics and Biochemistry BranchNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIHBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Rebecca K. Martin
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of MedicineRichmondVirginiaUSA
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9
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Bert S, Nadkarni S, Perretti M. Neutrophil-T cell crosstalk and the control of the host inflammatory response. Immunol Rev 2023; 314:36-49. [PMID: 36326214 PMCID: PMC10952212 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
While fundamental in their innate role in combating infection and responding to injury, neutrophils are emerging as key modulators of adaptive immune responses. Such functions are attained via both soluble and nonsoluble effectors that enable at least two major downstream outcomes: first, to mediate and control acute inflammatory responses and second, to regulate adaptive immunity and ultimately promoting the development and maintenance of immune tolerance either by releasing immuno-modulatory factors, including cytokines, or by directly interacting with cells of the adaptive immune system. Herein, we review these novel properties of neutrophils and redefine the pathophysiological functions of these fascinating multi-tasking cells, exploring the different mechanisms through which neutrophils are able to either enhance and orchestrate T cell pro-inflammatory responses or inhibit T cell activity to maintain immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bert
- The William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Suchita Nadkarni
- The William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Mauro Perretti
- The William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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10
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MacDonald ME, Weathered RK, Stewart EC, Magold AI, Mukherjee A, Gurbuxani S, Smith H, McMullen P, Mueller J, Husain AN, Salles CM, Briquez PS, Rouhani SJ, Yu J, Trujillo J, Pyzer AR, Gajewski TF, Sperling AI, Kilarski WW, Swartz MA. Lymphatic coagulation and neutrophil extracellular traps in lung-draining lymph nodes of COVID-19 decedents. Blood Adv 2022; 6:6249-6262. [PMID: 35977099 PMCID: PMC9394105 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical manifestations of severe COVID-19 include coagulopathies that are exacerbated by the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Here, we report that pulmonary lymphatic vessels, which traffic neutrophils and other immune cells to the lung-draining lymph node (LDLN), can also be blocked by fibrin clots in severe COVID-19. Immunostained tissue sections from COVID-19 decedents revealed widespread lymphatic clotting not only in the lung but also in the LDLN, where the extent of clotting correlated with the presence of abnormal, regressed, or missing germinal centers (GCs). It strongly correlated with the presence of intralymphatic NETs. In mice, tumor necrosis factor α induced intralymphatic fibrin clots; this could be inhibited by DNase I, which degrades NETs. In vitro, TNF-α induced lymphatic endothelial cell upregulation of ICAM-1 and CXCL8, among other neutrophil-recruiting factors, as well as thrombomodulin downregulation; in decedents, lymphatic clotting in LDLNs. In a separate cohort of hospitalized patients, serum levels of Myeloperoxidase-DNA (MPO-DNA, a NET marker) inversely correlated with antiviral antibody titers, but D-dimer levels, indicative of blood thrombosis, did not correlate with either. Patients with high MPO-DNA but low D-dimer levels generated poor antiviral antibody titers. This study introduces lymphatic coagulation in lungs and LDLNs as a clinical manifestation of severe COVID-19 and suggests the involvement of NETosis of lymphatic-trafficking neutrophils. It further suggests that lymphatic clotting may correlate with impaired formation or maintenance of GCs necessary for robust antiviral antibody responses, although further studies are needed to determine whether and how lymphatic coagulation affects adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo E. MacDonald
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Biophysical Sciences Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Rachel K. Weathered
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Emma C. Stewart
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Alexandra I. Magold
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Anish Mukherjee
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Heather Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | - Calixto M. Salles
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Jovian Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Thomas F. Gajewski
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Anne I. Sperling
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Witold W. Kilarski
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Melody A. Swartz
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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11
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Sansores-España LD, Melgar-Rodríguez S, Vernal R, Carrillo-Ávila BA, Martínez-Aguilar VM, Díaz-Zúñiga J. Neutrophil N1 and N2 Subsets and Their Possible Association with Periodontitis: A Scoping Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12068. [PMID: 36292925 PMCID: PMC9603394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic non-communicable disease caused by dysbiotic changes that affect the subgingival microbiota. During periodontitis, neutrophils play a central role in the initial recognition of bacteria, and their number increases with the appearance of the first signs of periodontal inflammation. Recent evidence has led to the proposition that neutrophils can also functionally polarize, determining selective activity patterns related to different diseases. Two well-defined neutrophil phenotypes have been described, the pro-inflammatory N1 subset and the suppressor N2 subset. To date, it has not been established whether these different neutrophil subtypes play a role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Thus, this scoping review aimed to determine whether there was evidence to suggest that the neutrophils present in periodontal tissues can be associated with certain phenotypes. The research question, population, concept, and context sought to identify original articles, in humans, that detected the presence of neutrophils in the periodontal tissues of people affected by periodontitis. Based on the search strategy, we found 3658 studies. After removing the papers with abstracts not related to the outcome measures and eligibility criteria, 16 articles were included for qualitative analysis. Several studies identified the presence of different neutrophil subsets, specifically, the naive, pro- and para-inflammatory, hyper-reactive and hyper-active, and high- and low-responder phenotypes. The existing evidence demonstrates the presence of pro-inflammatory, hyper-reactive and high-responder neutrophils in periodontal tissues affected with periodontitis. There is no evidence demonstrating the presence of the N1 or N2 phenotypes in periodontal tissues during periodontitis. However, the existence of pro-inflammatory phenotypes, which increase NETosis and degranulation, and increase the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, could be suggestive of the N1 phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Daniel Sansores-España
- Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Yucatán, Merida 97000, Mexico
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Samanta Melgar-Rodríguez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | | | | | - Jaime Díaz-Zúñiga
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Atacama, Copiapo 7500015, Chile
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12
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Pylaeva E, Korschunow G, Spyra I, Bordbari S, Siakaeva E, Ozel I, Domnich M, Squire A, Hasenberg A, Thangavelu K, Hussain T, Goetz M, Lang KS, Gunzer M, Hansen W, Buer J, Bankfalvi A, Lang S, Jablonska J. During early stages of cancer, neutrophils initiate anti-tumor immune responses in tumor-draining lymph nodes. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111171. [PMID: 35977505 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-draining lymph nodes (LNs) play a crucial role during cancer spread and in initiation of anti-cancer adaptive immunity. Neutrophils form a substantial population of cells in LNs with poorly understood functions. Here, we demonstrate that, during head and neck cancer (HNC) progression, tumor-associated neutrophils transmigrate to LNs and shape anti-tumor responses in a stage-dependent manner. In metastasis-free stages (N0), neutrophils develop an antigen-presenting phenotype (HLA-DR+CD80+CD86+ICAM1+PD-L1-) and stimulate T cells (CD27+Ki67highPD-1-). LN metastases release GM-CSF and via STAT3 trigger development of PD-L1+ immunosuppressive neutrophils, which repress T cell responses. The accumulation of neutrophils in T cell-rich zones of LNs in N0 constitutes a positive predictor for 5-year survival, while increased numbers of neutrophils in LNs of N1-3 stages predict poor prognosis in HNC. These results suggest a dual role of neutrophils as essential regulators of anti-cancer immunity in LNs and argue for approaches fostering immunostimulatory activity of these cells during cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Pylaeva
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Georg Korschunow
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ilona Spyra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Sharareh Bordbari
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Elena Siakaeva
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Irem Ozel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Maksim Domnich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Anthony Squire
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Hasenberg
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Kruthika Thangavelu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Timon Hussain
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Moritz Goetz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Agnes Bankfalvi
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Düsseldorf/Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Jadwiga Jablonska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Düsseldorf/Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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13
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Lymph-derived chemokines direct early neutrophil infiltration in the lymph nodes upon Staphylococcus aureus skin infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2111726119. [PMID: 35914162 PMCID: PMC9371737 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111726119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of neutrophils infiltrate the lymph node (LN) within 4 h after Staphylococcus aureus skin infection (4 h postinfection [hpi]) and prevent systemic S. aureus dissemination. It is not clear how infection in the skin can remotely and effectively recruit neutrophils to the LN. Here, we found that lymphatic vessel occlusion substantially reduced neutrophil recruitment to the LN. Lymphatic vessels effectively transported bacteria and proinflammatory chemokines (i.e., Chemokine [C-X-C motif] motif 1 [CXCL1] and CXCL2) to the LN. However, in the absence of lymph flow, S. aureus alone in the LN was insufficient to recruit neutrophils to the LN at 4 hpi. Instead, lymph flow facilitated the earliest neutrophil recruitment to the LN by delivering chemokines (i.e., CXCL1, CXCL2) from the site of infection. Lymphatic dysfunction is often found during inflammation. During oxazolone (OX)-induced skin inflammation, CXCL1/2 in the LN was reduced after infection. The interrupted LN conduits further disrupted the flow of lymph and impeded its communication with high endothelial venules (HEVs), resulting in impaired neutrophil migration. The impaired neutrophil interaction with bacteria contributed to persistent infection in the LN. Our studies showed that both the flow of lymph from lymphatic vessels to the LN and the distribution of lymph in the LN are critical to ensure optimal neutrophil migration and timely innate immune protection in S. aureus infection.
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14
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McCright J, Naiknavare R, Yarmovsky J, Maisel K. Targeting Lymphatics for Nanoparticle Drug Delivery. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:887402. [PMID: 35721179 PMCID: PMC9203826 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.887402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatics transport material from peripheral tissues to lymph nodes, where immune responses are formed, before being transported into systemic circulation. With key roles in transport and fluid homeostasis, lymphatic dysregulation is linked to diseases, including lymphedema. Fluid within the interstitium passes into initial lymphatic vessels where a valve system prevents fluid backflow. Additionally, lymphatic endothelial cells produce key chemokines, such as CCL21, that direct the migration of dendritic cells and lymphocytes. As a result, lymphatics are an attractive delivery route for transporting immune modulatory treatments to lymph nodes where immunotherapies are potentiated in addition to being an alternative method of reaching systemic circulation. In this review, we discuss the physiology of lymphatic vessels and mechanisms used in the transport of materials from peripheral tissues to lymph nodes. We then summarize nanomaterial-based strategies to take advantage of lymphatic transport functions for delivering therapeutics to lymph nodes or systemic circulation. We also describe opportunities for targeting lymphatic endothelial cells to modulate transport and immune functions.
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15
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Doan TA, Forward T, Tamburini BAJ. Trafficking and retention of protein antigens across systems and immune cell types. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:275. [PMID: 35505125 PMCID: PMC9063628 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
In response to infection or vaccination, the immune system initially responds non-specifically to the foreign insult (innate) and then develops a specific response to the foreign antigen (adaptive). The programming of the immune response is shaped by the dispersal and delivery of antigens. The antigen size, innate immune activation and location of the insult all determine how antigens are handled. In this review we outline which specific cell types are required for antigen trafficking, which processes require active compared to passive transport, the ability of specific cell types to retain antigens and the viruses (human immunodeficiency virus, influenza and Sendai virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, vaccinia virus) and pattern recognition receptor activation that can initiate antigen retention. Both where the protein antigen is localized and how long it remains are critically important in shaping protective immune responses. Therefore, understanding antigen trafficking and retention is necessary to understand the type and magnitude of the immune response and essential for the development of novel vaccine and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu A Doan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Tadg Forward
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Beth A Jirón Tamburini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA. .,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA. .,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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16
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Özcan A, Collado-Diaz V, Egholm C, Tomura M, Gunzer M, Halin C, Kolios AGA, Boyman O. CCR7-guided neutrophil redirection to skin-draining lymph nodes regulates cutaneous inflammation and infection. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabi9126. [PMID: 35119939 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi9126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first nonresident effector immune cells that migrate to a site of infection or inflammation; however, improper control of neutrophil responses can cause considerable tissue damage. Here, we found that neutrophil responses in inflamed or infected skin were regulated by CCR7-dependent migration and phagocytosis of neutrophils in draining lymph nodes (dLNs). In mouse models of Toll-like receptor-induced skin inflammation and cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus infection, neutrophils migrated from the skin to the dLNs via lymphatic vessels in a CCR7-mediated manner. In the dLNs, these neutrophils were phagocytosed by lymph node-resident type 1 and type 2 conventional dendritic cells. CCR7 up-regulation on neutrophils was a conserved mechanism across different tissues and was induced by a broad range of microbial stimuli. In the context of cutaneous immune responses, disruption of CCR7 interactions by selective CCR7 deficiency of neutrophils resulted in increased antistaphylococcal immunity and aggravated skin inflammation. Thus, neutrophil homing to and clearance in skin-dLNs affects cutaneous immunity versus pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Özcan
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V Collado-Diaz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Egholm
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Tomura
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - M Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A G A Kolios
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - O Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Waeckerle-Men Y, Kotkowska ZK, Bono G, Duda A, Kolm I, Varypataki EM, Amstutz B, Meuli M, Høgset A, Kündig TM, Halin C, Sander P, Johansen P. Photochemically-Mediated Inflammation and Cross-Presentation of Mycobacterium bovis BCG Proteins Stimulates Strong CD4 and CD8 T-Cell Responses in Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:815609. [PMID: 35173729 PMCID: PMC8841863 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.815609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional vaccines are very efficient in the prevention of bacterial infections caused by extracellular pathogens due to effective stimulation of pathogen-specific antibodies. In contrast, considering that intracellular surveillance by antibodies is not possible, they are typically less effective in preventing or treating infections caused by intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The objective of the current study was to use so-called photochemical internalization (PCI) to deliver a live bacterial vaccine to the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for the purpose of stimulating major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I-restricted CD8 T-cell responses. For this purpose, Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG) was combined with the photosensitiser tetraphenyl chlorine disulfonate (TPCS2a) and injected intradermally into mice. TPCS2a was then activated by illumination of the injection site with light of defined energy. Antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses were monitored in blood, spleen, and lymph nodes at different time points thereafter using flow cytometry, ELISA and ELISPOT. Finally, APCs were infected and PCI-treated in vitro for analysis of their activation of T cells in vitro or in vivo after autologous vaccination of mice. Combination of BCG with PCI induced stronger BCG-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses than treatment with BCG only or with BCG and TPCS2a without light. The overall T-cell responses were multifunctional as characterized by the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-17. Importantly, PCI induced cross-presentation of BCG proteins for stimulation of antigen-specific CD8 T-cells that were particularly producing IFN-γ and TNF-α. PCI further facilitated antigen presentation by causing up-regulation of MHC and co-stimulatory proteins on the surface of APCs as well as their production of TNF-α and IL-1β in vivo. Furthermore, PCI-based vaccination also caused local inflammation at the site of vaccination, showing strong infiltration of immune cells, which could contribute to the stimulation of antigen-specific immune responses. This study is the first to demonstrate that a live microbial vaccine can be combined with a photochemical compound and light for cross presentation of antigens to CD8 T cells. Moreover, the results revealed that PCI treatment strongly improved the immunogenicity of M. bovis BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Waeckerle-Men
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zuzanna K. Kotkowska
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Bono
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agathe Duda
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Kolm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eleni M. Varypataki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Amstutz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Meuli
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas M. Kündig
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Sander
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- National Center for Mycobacteria, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pål Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Pål Johansen,
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18
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Pan G, Liao M, Dai Y, Li Y, Yan X, Mai W, Liu J, Liao Y, Qiu Z, Zhou Z. Inhibition of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 2 Prevents Thoracic Aortic Dissection and Rupture. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:748486. [PMID: 34977175 PMCID: PMC8718435 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.748486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Numerous pieces of evidence have indicated that thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is an inflammatory disease. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) signaling is a driver in multiple inflammatory diseases. Here, we examined the S1PR2 expression in TAD lesions and explored the effect of interfering with S1PR2 on TAD formation and progression.Methods: Aorta specimens and blood samples were collected from patients with TAD and matched controls. The expression of S1PR1, S1PR2, and S1PR3 was examined. The effect of inhibiting S1PR2 on TAD was evaluated in a TAD mouse model induced by β-aminopropionitrile fumarate (BAPN) and AngII. The presence of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), S1P, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was investigated. Further, the possible association between S1PR2 signaling and NETs in TAD was analyzed.Results: In the aortic tissues of patients with TAD and a mouse model, the S1PR2 expression was significantly up-regulated. In the TAD mouse model, JTE013, a specific S1PR2 antagonist, not only blunted the TAD formation and aortic rupture, but also preserved the elastic fiber architecture, reduced the smooth muscle cells apoptosis level, and mitigated the aortic wall inflammation. Augmented tissue protein expression of SPHK1, citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3, a specific marker of NETs), and serum S1P, CitH3 were detected in TAD patients. Surgical repair normalized the serum S1P and CitH3 levels. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that S1PR2 colocalized with NETs. The protein expression levels of SPHK1 and serum S1P levels positively correlated with the protein expression and serum levels of CitH3, separately. Furthermore, JTE013 treatment reduced NETs accumulation.Conclusion: Inhibiting S1PR2 attenuates TAD formation and prevents aortic rupture. Targeting S1PR2 may provide a promising treatment strategy against TAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyang Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaole Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wuqian Mai
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhua Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihua Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihua Qiu
| | - Zihua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Biological Targeted Therapies of the Ministry of Education, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Zihua Zhou
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19
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Ravaud C, Ved N, Jackson DG, Vieira JM, Riley PR. Lymphatic Clearance of Immune Cells in Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102594. [PMID: 34685572 PMCID: PMC8533855 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of the lymphatic system, its function, development, and role in pathophysiology have changed our views on its importance. Historically thought to be solely involved in the transport of tissue fluid, lipids, and immune cells, the lymphatic system displays great heterogeneity and plasticity and is actively involved in immune cell regulation. Interference in any of these processes can be deleterious, both at the developmental and adult level. Preclinical studies into the cardiac lymphatic system have shown that invoking lymphangiogenesis and enhancing immune cell trafficking in ischaemic hearts can reduce myocardial oedema, reduce inflammation, and improve cardiac outcome. Understanding how immune cells and the lymphatic endothelium interact is also vital to understanding how the lymphatic vascular network can be manipulated to improve immune cell clearance. In this Review, we examine the different types of immune cells involved in fibrotic repair following myocardial infarction. We also discuss the development and function of the cardiac lymphatic vasculature and how some immune cells interact with the lymphatic endothelium in the heart. Finally, we establish how promoting lymphangiogenesis is now a prime therapeutic target for reducing immune cell persistence, inflammation, and oedema to restore heart function in ischaemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Ravaud
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (C.R.); (N.V.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Nikita Ved
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (C.R.); (N.V.); (J.M.V.)
| | - David G. Jackson
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK;
| | - Joaquim Miguel Vieira
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (C.R.); (N.V.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Paul R. Riley
- Burdon-Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; (C.R.); (N.V.); (J.M.V.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Lok LSC, Clatworthy MR. Neutrophils in secondary lymphoid organs. Immunology 2021; 164:677-688. [PMID: 34411302 PMCID: PMC8561103 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are traditionally considered short‐lived, circulating innate immune cells that are rapidly recruited to sites of inflammation in response to infectious and inflammatory stimuli. Neutrophils efficiently internalize, kill or entrap pathogens, but their effector molecules may cause collateral tissue damage. More recently, it has been appreciated that neutrophils can also influence adaptive immunity. Lymph nodes (LNs) are immune cell‐rich secondary lymphoid organs that provide an ideal platform for cellular interaction and the integration of immunological information collected from local tissues. A variety of peripheral stimuli promote neutrophil migration to draining LNs via blood or lymphatics, utilizing differing molecular cues depending on the site of entry. Within LNs, neutrophils interact with other innate and adaptive cells. Crosstalk with subcapsular sinus macrophages contributes to the control of pathogen spread beyond the LN. Neutrophils can influence antigen presentation indirectly by interacting with DCs or directly by expressing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and costimulatory molecules for antigen presentation. Interactions between neutrophils and adaptive lymphocytes can alter B‐cell antibody responses. Studies have shown conflicting results on whether neutrophils exert stimulatory or inhibitory effects on other LN immune cells, with stimulus‐specific and temporal differences in the outcome of these interactions. Furthermore, neutrophils have also been shown to traffick to LNs in homeostasis, with a potential role in immune surveillance, antigen capture and in shaping early adaptive responses in LNs. Understanding the mechanisms underpinning the effects of neutrophils on LN immune cells and adaptive immunity could facilitate the development of neutrophil‐targeted therapies in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence S C Lok
- Molecular Immunity Unit, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
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21
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Jakovija A, Chtanova T. Neutrophil Interactions with the Lymphatic System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082106. [PMID: 34440875 PMCID: PMC8393351 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system is a complex network of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes designed to balance fluid homeostasis and facilitate host immune defence. Neutrophils are rapidly recruited to sites of inflammation to provide the first line of protection against microbial infections. The traditional view of neutrophils as short-lived cells, whose role is restricted to providing sterilizing immunity at sites of infection, is rapidly evolving to include additional functions at the interface between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Neutrophils travel via the lymphatics from the site of inflammation to transport antigens to lymph nodes. They can also enter lymph nodes from the blood by crossing high endothelial venules. Neutrophil functions in draining lymph nodes include pathogen control and modulation of adaptive immunity. Another facet of neutrophil interactions with the lymphatic system is their ability to promote lymphangiogenesis in draining lymph nodes and inflamed tissues. In this review, we discuss the significance of neutrophil migration to secondary lymphoid organs and within the lymphatic vasculature and highlight emerging evidence of the neutrophils’ role in lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnolda Jakovija
- Innate and Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Immunity Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia;
- St Vincent’s School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tatyana Chtanova
- Innate and Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Immunity Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia;
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence:
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22
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Role of Neutrophils in Cardiac Injury and Repair Following Myocardial Infarction. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071676. [PMID: 34359844 PMCID: PMC8305164 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are first-line responders of the innate immune system. Following myocardial infarction (MI), neutrophils are quickly recruited to the ischemic region, where they initiate the inflammatory response, aiming at cleaning up dead cell debris. However, excessive accumulation and/or delayed removal of neutrophils are deleterious. Neutrophils can promote myocardial injury by releasing reactive oxygen species, granular components, and pro-inflammatory mediators. More recent studies have revealed that neutrophils are able to form extracellular traps (NETs) and produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) to aggravate inflammation and cardiac injury. On the contrary, there is growing evidence showing that neutrophils also exert anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and pro-reparative effects, thus facilitating inflammation resolution and cardiac repair. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on neutrophils’ detrimental roles, highlighting the role of recently recognized NETs and EVs, followed by a discussion of their beneficial effects and molecular mechanisms in post-MI cardiac remodeling. In addition, emerging concepts about neutrophil diversity and their modulation of adaptive immunity are discussed.
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23
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Lymph-Derived Neutrophils Primarily Locate to the Subcapsular and Medullary Sinuses in Resting and Inflamed Lymph Nodes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061486. [PMID: 34204825 PMCID: PMC8231499 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first immune cells to be recruited from the blood to the tissue site of an infection or inflammation. It has been suggested that neutrophils are capable of migrating from the infected tissue via lymphatic vessels to the draining lymph nodes. However, it remains elusive as to which areas within the lymph nodes can be reached by such reversely migrating cells. To address this question, we applied a model for adoptive neutrophil transfer into the afferent lymphatic vessel that drains towards the popliteal lymph node in mice. We showed that resting and in vitro-activated neutrophils did not enter the lymph node parenchyma but localized primarily in the subcapsular and medullary sinuses. Within the medulla, neutrophils show random migration and are able to sense laser-induced sterile tissue injury by massively swarming to the damaged tissue site. Co-injected dendritic cells supported the entry of resting neutrophils into the lymph node parenchyma via the subcapsular sinus. In contrast, in vivo-activated adoptively transferred neutrophils were capable of migrating into the interfollicular areas of the lymph node. Collectively, the data presented here give further insights into the functional behavior of neutrophils within the lymph nodes.
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24
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Steele MM, Lund AW. Afferent Lymphatic Transport and Peripheral Tissue Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:264-272. [PMID: 33397740 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels provide an anatomical framework for immune surveillance and adaptive immune responses. Although appreciated as the route for Ag and dendritic cell transport, peripheral lymphatic vessels are often not considered active players in immune surveillance. Lymphatic vessels, however, integrate contextual cues that directly regulate transport, including changes in intrinsic pumping and capillary remodeling, and express a dynamic repertoire of inflammatory chemokines and adhesion molecules that facilitates leukocyte egress out of inflamed tissue. These mechanisms together contribute to the course of peripheral tissue immunity. In this review, we focus on context-dependent mechanisms that regulate fluid and cellular transport out of peripheral nonlymphoid tissues to provide a framework for understanding the effects of afferent lymphatic transport on immune surveillance, peripheral tissue inflammation, and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Steele
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Amanda W Lund
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; .,Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016; and.,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
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25
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Ma Y, Yang X, Chatterjee V, Wu MH, Yuan SY. The Gut-Lung Axis in Systemic Inflammation. Role of Mesenteric Lymph as a Conduit. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:19-28. [PMID: 32877613 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0196tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that after injury or infection, the mesenteric lymph acts as a conduit for gut-derived toxic factors to enter the blood circulation, causing systemic inflammation and acute lung injury. Neither the cellular and molecular identity of lymph factors nor their mechanisms of action have been well understood and thus have become a timely topic of investigation. This review will first provide a summary of background knowledge on gut barrier and mesenteric lymphatics, followed by a discussion focusing on the current understanding of potential injurious factors in the lymph and their mechanistic contributions to lung injury. We also examine lymph factors with antiinflammatory properties as well as the bidirectional nature of the gut-lung axis in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Ma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, and
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, and
| | | | - Mack H Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, and.,Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
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26
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De Filippo K, Rankin SM. The Secretive Life of Neutrophils Revealed by Intravital Microscopy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:603230. [PMID: 33240898 PMCID: PMC7683517 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocyte within the blood stream and for many years the dogma has been that these cells migrate rapidly into tissues in response to injury or infection, forming the first line of host defense. While it has previously been documented that neutrophils marginate within the vascular beds of the lung and liver and are present in large numbers within the parenchyma of tissues, such as spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow (BM), the function of these tissue resident neutrophils under homeostasis, in response to pathogen invasion or injury has only recently been explored, revealing the unexpected role of these cells as immunoregulators or immune helpers and also unraveling their heterogeneity and plasticity. Neutrophils are highly motile cells and the use of intravital microscopy (IVM) to image cells within their environment with little manipulation has dramatically increased our understanding of the function, migratory behavior, and interaction of these short-lived cells with other innate and adaptive immune cells. Contrary to previous dogma, these studies have shown that marginated and tissue resident neutrophils are the first responders to pathogens and injury, critical in limiting the spread of infection and contributing to the orchestration of the subsequent immune response. The interplay of neutrophils, with other neutrophils, leukocytes, and stroma cells can also modulate and tune their early and late response in order to eradicate pathogens, minimize tissue damage, and, in certain circumstances, contribute to tissue repair. In this review, we will follow the extraordinary journey of neutrophils from their origin in the BM to their death, exploring their role as tissue resident cells in the lung, spleen, lymph nodes, and skin and outlining the importance of neutrophil subsets, their functions under homeostasis, and in response to infection. Finally, we will comment on how understanding these processes in greater detail at a molecular level can lead to development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia De Filippo
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara M Rankin
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Inhibition of Human Neutrophil Functions In Vitro by Multiple Sclerosis Disease-Modifying Therapies. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113542. [PMID: 33147889 PMCID: PMC7692529 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing optimism about the potential of new disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in the management of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. However, this initial enthusiasm has been tempered by evidence indicating that multiple sclerosis (MS) patients undergoing DMT may be at higher risk of developing infections through incompletely understood mechanisms. As neutrophils provide the first line of defense against pathogens, here we have compared the effects of some of the commonly used MS DMTs (i.e., moderate-efficacy injective, first-line: interferonβ-1b (IFNβ-1b), glatiramer acetate (GA); and high-efficacy, second-line: fingolimod (FTY) and natalizumab (NAT)) on the in vitro viability and functions of neutrophils isolated from healthy subjects. All the DMTs tested impaired the ability of neutrophils to kill Klebsiella pneumoniae, whereas none of them affected the rate of neutrophil apoptosis or CD11b and CD62L cell surface expression. Intriguingly, only FTY exposure negatively affected K. pneumoniae-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Furthermore, neutrophils exposed to K. pneumoniae secreted enhanced amounts of CXCL8, IL-1β and TNF-α, which were differentially regulated following DMT pretreatment. Altogether, these findings suggest that DMTs may increase the susceptibility of MS patients to microbial infections, in part, through inhibition of neutrophil functions. In light of these data, we recommend that the design of personalized therapies for RRMS patients should take into account not just the mechanism of action of the chosen DMT but also the potential risk of infection associated with the administration of such therapeutic compounds to this highly vulnerable population.
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28
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De Bondt M, Hellings N, Opdenakker G, Struyf S. Neutrophils: Underestimated Players in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4558. [PMID: 32604901 PMCID: PMC7349048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating and first-responding innate myeloid cells and have so far been underestimated in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is the most frequent, immune-mediated, inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. MS is treatable but not curable and its cause(s) and pathogenesis remain elusive. The involvement of neutrophils in MS pathogenesis has been suggested by the use of preclinical animal disease models, as well as on the basis of patient sample analysis. In this review, we provide an overview of the possible mechanisms and functions by which neutrophils may contribute to the development and pathology of MS. Neutrophils display a broad variety of effector functions enabling disease pathogenesis, including (1) the release of inflammatory mediators and enzymes, such as interleukin-1β, myeloperoxidase and various proteinases, (2) destruction and phagocytosis of myelin (as debris), (3) release of neutrophil extracellular traps, (4) production of reactive oxygen species, (5) breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and (6) generation and presentation of autoantigens. An important question relates to the issue of whether neutrophils exhibit a predominantly proinflammatory function or are also implicated in the resolution of chronic inflammatory responses in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirre De Bondt
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49—Box 1042, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Neuro Immune Connections & Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium;
| | - Niels Hellings
- Neuro Immune Connections & Repair Lab, Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium;
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49—Box 1044, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49—Box 1042, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
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29
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Zhao X, Yang L, Chang N, Hou L, Zhou X, Yang L, Li L. Neutrophils undergo switch of apoptosis to NETosis during murine fatty liver injury via S1P receptor 2 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:379. [PMID: 32424179 PMCID: PMC7235026 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate neutrophil infiltration and subsequent neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation have been confirmed to be involved in chronic inflammatory conditions. Fatty liver disease is an increasingly severe health problem worldwide and currently considered the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a product of membrane sphingolipid metabolism, regulates vital physiological and pathological actions by inducing infiltration and activation of various cell types through S1P receptors (S1PRs). Here, we seek to determine the S1PR-mediated effects on neutrophil activation during chronic liver inflammation. In this study, NETs are detected in the early stage of methionine-choline-deficient and a high-fat (MCDHF) diet-induced liver injury. NET depletion by deoxyribonuclease I intraperitoneal injection significantly protects liver from MCDHF-induced liver injury in vivo. Meanwhile, we show that levels of myeloperoxidase-DNA complex (NET marker) in the serum present positive correlation with sphingosine kinase1 (S1P rate-limiting enzyme) messenger RNA expression or S1P levels in the injured liver of MCDHF-fed mice. In vitro, S1PR2 participates in the redirection of neutrophil apoptosis to NETosis via Gαi/o, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and reactive oxygen species signaling pathways. Moreover, S1PR2 knockdown in MCDHF-fed mice by S1PR2-siRNA intravenous injection significantly inhibits NET formation in damaged liver tissue and then alleviates hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Conclusion: In the early stage of fatty liver disease, S1PR2-mediated neutrophil activation plays an important role in the evolvement of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Na Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Municipal Laboratory for Liver Protection and Regulation of Regeneration, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China.
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30
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Rosales C. Neutrophils at the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:377-396. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4mir0220-574rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico
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31
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Abstract
The influx and efflux of cells and antigens to and from the draining lymph nodes largely take place through the subcapsular, cortical and medullary sinus systems. Recent analyses in mice and humans have revealed unexpected diversity in the lymphatic endothelial cells, which form the distinct regions of the sinuses. As a semipermeable barrier, the lymphatic endothelial cells regulate the sorting of lymph-borne antigens to the lymph node parenchyma and can themselves serve as antigen-presenting cells. The leukocytes entering the lymph node via the sinus system and the lymphocytes egressing from the parenchyma migrate through the lymphatic endothelial cell layer. The sinus lymphatic endothelial cells also orchestrate the organogenesis of lymph nodes, and they undergo bidirectional signalling with other sinus-resident cells, such as subcapsular sinus macrophages, to generate a unique lymphatic niche. In this Review, we consider the structural and functional basis of how the lymph node sinus system coordinates immune responses under physiological conditions, and in inflammation and cancer.
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32
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Eckert N, Permanyer M, Yu K, Werth K, Förster R. Chemokines and other mediators in the development and functional organization of lymph nodes. Immunol Rev 2020; 289:62-83. [PMID: 30977201 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid organs like lymph nodes (LNs) are the main inductive sites for adaptive immune responses. Lymphocytes are constantly entering LNs, scanning the environment for their cognate antigen and get replenished by incoming cells after a certain period of time. As only a minor percentage of lymphocytes recognizes cognate antigen, this mechanism of permanent recirculation ensures fast and effective immune responses when necessary. Thus, homing, positioning, and activation as well as egress require precise regulation within LNs. In this review we discuss the mediators, including chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, and others that are involved in the formation of the LN anlage and subsequent functional organization of LNs. We highlight very recent findings in the fields of LN development, steady-state migration in LNs, and the intranodal processes during an adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Eckert
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marc Permanyer
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Yu
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Werth
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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33
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Rossi B, Constantin G, Zenaro E. The emerging role of neutrophils in neurodegeneration. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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34
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Pizzagalli DU, Latino I, Pulfer A, Palomino-Segura M, Virgilio T, Farsakoglu Y, Krause R, Gonzalez SF. Characterization of the Dynamic Behavior of Neutrophils Following Influenza Vaccination. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2621. [PMID: 31824481 PMCID: PMC6881817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are amongst the first cells to respond to inflammation and infection. Although they play a key role in limiting the dissemination of pathogens, the study of their dynamic behavior in immune organs remains elusive. In this work, we characterized in vivo the dynamic behavior of neutrophils in the mouse popliteal lymph node (PLN) after influenza vaccination with UV-inactivated virus. To achieve this, we used an image-based systems biology approach to detect the motility patterns of neutrophils and to associate them to distinct actions. We described a prominent and rapid recruitment of neutrophils to the PLN following vaccination, which was dependent on the secretion of the chemokine CXCL1 and the alarmin molecule IL-1α. In addition, we observed that the initial recruitment occurred mainly via high endothelial venules located in the paracortical and interfollicular regions of the PLN. The analysis of the spatial-temporal patterns of neutrophil migration demonstrated that, in the initial stage, the majority of neutrophils displayed a patrolling behavior, followed by the formation of swarms in the subcapsular sinus of the PLN, which were associated with macrophages in this compartment. Finally, we observed using multiple imaging techniques, that neutrophils phagocytize and transport influenza virus particles. These processes might have important implications in the capacity of these cells to present viral antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ulisse Pizzagalli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Computational Science, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Irene Latino
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alain Pulfer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Palomino-Segura
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Virgilio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Rolf Krause
- Institute of Computational Science, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Santiago F. Gonzalez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Arokiasamy S, King R, Boulaghrasse H, Poston RN, Nourshargh S, Wang W, Voisin MB. Heparanase-Dependent Remodeling of Initial Lymphatic Glycocalyx Regulates Tissue-Fluid Drainage During Acute Inflammation in vivo. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2316. [PMID: 31636638 PMCID: PMC6787176 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycocalyx is a dense layer of carbohydrate chains involved in numerous and fundamental biological processes, such as cellular and tissue homeostasis, inflammation and disease development. Composed of membrane-bound glycoproteins, sulfated proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycan side-chains, this structure is particularly essential for blood vascular barrier functions and leukocyte diapedesis. Interestingly, whilst the glycocalyx of blood vascular endothelium has been extensively studied, little is known about the composition and function of this glycan layer present on tissue-associated lymphatic vessels (LVs). Here, we applied confocal microscopy to characterize the composition of endothelial glycocalyx of initial lymphatic capillaries in murine cremaster muscles during homeostatic and inflamed conditions using an anti-heparan sulfate (HS) antibody and a panel of lectins recognizing different glycan moieties of the glycocalyx. Our data show the presence of HS, α-D-galactosyl moieties, α2,3-linked sialic acids and, to a lesser extent, N-Acetylglucosamine moieties. A similar expression profile was also observed for LVs of mouse and human skins. Interestingly, inflammation of mouse cremaster tissues or ear skin as induced by TNF-stimulation induced a rapid (within 16 h) remodeling of the LV glycocalyx, as observed by reduced expression of HS and galactosyl moieties, whilst levels of α2,3-linked sialic acids remains unchanged. Furthermore, whilst this response was associated with neutrophil recruitment from the blood circulation and their migration into tissue-associated LVs, specific neutrophil depletion did not impact LV glycocalyx remodeling. Mechanistically, treatment with a non-anticoagulant heparanase inhibitor suppressed LV HS degradation without impacting neutrophil migration into LVs. Interestingly however, inhibition of glycocalyx degradation reduced the capacity of initial LVs to drain interstitial fluid during acute inflammation. Collectively, our data suggest that rapid remodeling of endothelial glycocalyx of tissue-associated LVs supports drainage of fluid and macromolecules but has no role in regulating neutrophil trafficking out of inflamed tissues via initial LVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Arokiasamy
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ross King
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hidayah Boulaghrasse
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin N. Poston
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mathieu-Benoit Voisin
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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36
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Abstract
Neutrophils play a key role in innate immunity. As the dominant circulating phagocyte, they are rapidly recruited from the bloodstream to sites of infection or injury to internalize and destroy microbes. More recently, neutrophils have been identified in uninfected organs, challenging the classical view of their function. Here we show that neutrophils were present in lymph nodes (LNs) in homeostasis. Using flow cytometry and confocal imaging, we identified neutrophils within LNs in naive, unchallenged mice, including LNs draining the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. Neutrophils were enriched within specific anatomical regions, in the interfollicular zone, a site of T cell activation. Intravital two-photon microscopy demonstrated that LN neutrophils were motile, trafficked into LNs from both blood and tissues via high endothelial venules and afferent lymphatics, respectively, and formed interactions with dendritic cells in LNs. Murine and human LN neutrophils had a distinct phenotype compared with circulating neutrophils, with higher major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) expression, suggesting a potential role in CD4 T cell activation. Upon ex vivo stimulation with IgG immune complex (IC), neutrophils up-regulated expression of MHCII and costimulatory molecules and increased T cell activation. In vivo, neutrophils were capable of delivering circulating IC to LNs, suggesting a broader functional remit. Overall, our data challenge the perception that neutrophil patrol is limited to the circulation in homeostasis, adding LNs to their routine surveillance territory.
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37
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Takeda A, Hollmén M, Dermadi D, Pan J, Brulois KF, Kaukonen R, Lönnberg T, Boström P, Koskivuo I, Irjala H, Miyasaka M, Salmi M, Butcher EC, Jalkanen S. Single-Cell Survey of Human Lymphatics Unveils Marked Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity and Mechanisms of Homing for Neutrophils. Immunity 2019; 51:561-572.e5. [PMID: 31402260 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels form a critical component in the regulation of human health and disease. While their functional significance is increasingly being recognized, the comprehensive heterogeneity of lymphatics remains uncharacterized. Here, we report the profiling of 33,000 lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in human lymph nodes (LNs) by single-cell RNA sequencing. Unbiased clustering revealed six major types of human LECs. LECs lining the subcapsular sinus (SCS) of LNs abundantly expressed neutrophil chemoattractants, whereas LECs lining the medullary sinus (MS) expressed a C-type lectin CD209. Binding of a carbohydrate Lewis X (CD15) to CD209 mediated neutrophil binding to the MS. The neutrophil-selective homing by MS LECs may retain neutrophils in the LN medulla and allow lymph-borne pathogens to clear, preventing their spread through LNs in humans. Our study provides a comprehensive characterization of LEC heterogeneity and unveils a previously undefined role for medullary LECs in human immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takeda
- MediCity Research Laboratory and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maija Hollmén
- MediCity Research Laboratory and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Denis Dermadi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Junliang Pan
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and The Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Francis Brulois
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Riina Kaukonen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tapio Lönnberg
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pia Boström
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Koskivuo
- Department of Plastic and General Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Irjala
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland
| | - Masayuki Miyasaka
- MediCity Research Laboratory and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Marko Salmi
- MediCity Research Laboratory and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eugene C Butcher
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and The Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Abstract
Lymphatic vessels collect interstitial fluid that has extravasated from blood vessels and return it to the circulatory system. Another important function of the lymphatic network is to facilitate immune cell migration and antigen transport from the periphery to draining lymph nodes. This migration plays a crucial role in immune surveillance, initiation of immune responses and tolerance. Here we discuss the significance and mechanisms of lymphatic migration of innate and adaptive immune cells in homeostasis, inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatyana Chtanova
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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39
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Perez DA, Galvão I, Athayde RM, Rezende BM, Vago JP, Silva JD, Reis AC, Ribeiro LS, Gomes JHS, Pádua RM, Braga FC, Sousa LP, Teixeira MM, Pinho V. Inhibition of the sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway promotes the resolution of neutrophilic inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1038-1051. [PMID: 30939218 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201848049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an important sphingolipid derived from plasma membrane and has a known role in productive phase of inflammation, but its role in neutrophil survival and resolution phase of inflammation is unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of inhibition of S1P receptors and the blockade of S1P synthesis in BALB/c mice and human neutrophils. S1P and S1PR1-3 receptors expression were increased in cells from the pleural cavity stimulated with LPS. Using different antagonists of S1PRs and inhibitors of different steps of the metabolic pathway of S1P production, we show that S1P and its receptors are involved in regulating neutrophil survival and resolution of inflammation in the pleural cavity. Given the role of the S1P-S1PR axis in resolution of inflammation, we sought to identify whether blockade at different levels of the sphingosine-1-phosphate synthesis pathway could affect neutrophil survival in vitro. Inhibitors of the S1P pathway were also able to induce human neutrophil apoptosis. In addition, blockade of S1P synthesis or its receptor facilitated the efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophil. Taken together, our data demonstrate a fundamental role for S1P in regulating the outcome of inflammatory responses, and position S1P-S1PR axis as a potential target for treatment of neutrophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise A Perez
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Izabela Galvão
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rayssa M Athayde
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Barbara M Rezende
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana P Vago
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Julia D Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alesandra C Reis
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas S Ribeiro
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José H S Gomes
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M Pádua
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernão C Braga
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia P Sousa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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40
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Voisin M, Nourshargh S. Neutrophil trafficking to lymphoid tissues: physiological and pathological implications. J Pathol 2019; 247:662-671. [PMID: 30584795 PMCID: PMC6492258 DOI: 10.1002/path.5227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances have provided evidence for the involvement of neutrophils in both innate and adaptive immunity, robustly challenging the old dogma that neutrophils are short-lived prototypical innate immune cells solely involved in acute responses to microbes and exerting collateral tissue damage. There is now ample evidence showing that neutrophils can migrate into different compartments of the lymphoid system where they contribute to the orchestration of the activation and/or suppression of lymphocyte effector functions in homeostasis and during chronic inflammation, such as autoimmune disorders and cancer. In support of this notion, neutrophils can generate a wide range of cytokines and other mediators capable of regulating the survival, proliferation and functions of both T and B cells. In addition, neutrophils can directly engage with lymphocytes and promote antigen presentation. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence of the existence of distinct and diverse neutrophil phenotypes with immunomodulatory functions that characterise different pathological conditions, including chronic and autoimmune inflammatory conditions. The aim of this review is to discuss the mechanisms implicated in neutrophil trafficking into the lymphoid system and to provide an overview of the immuno-regulatory functions of neutrophils in health and disease in the context of adaptive immunity. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu‐Benoit Voisin
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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FTY720 Effects on Inflammation and Liver Damage in a Rat Model of Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:3496836. [PMID: 31015795 PMCID: PMC6446098 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3496836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) produces systemic inflammation with the potential for causing organ failure in tissues peripheral to the initial site of injury. We speculate that treatment strategies that dampen inflammation may be therapeutically beneficial to either the initial site of injury or peripheral organs. To test this, we evaluated the impact of FTY720-induced sequestration of circulating mature lymphocytes on renal IRI and secondary organ injury. Methods A microvascular clamp was surgically placed around the left renal pedicle of anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats with either vehicle or FTY720 treatment (0.3 mg/kg) intravenously injected after 15 min of ischemia. Blood flow was restored after 60 min. Cohorts of anesthetized rats were euthanized at 6, 24, or 72 hrs with tissue samples collected for analysis. Results FTY720 treatment resulted in profound T lymphocyte reduction in peripheral blood. Histopathologic examination, clinical chemistries, and gene transcript expression measurements revealed that FTY720 treatment reduced hepatocellular degeneration, reduced serum markers of liver injury (ALT/AST), and reduced the expression of gene targets associated with IRI. Conclusion These findings support an anti-inflammatory effect of FTY720 in the liver where the expression of genes associated with apoptosis, chemotaxis, and the AP-1 transcription factor was reduced. Findings presented here provide the basis for future studies evaluating FTY720 as a potential therapeutic agent to treat complications resulting from renal IRI.
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42
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Jackson DG. Leucocyte Trafficking via the Lymphatic Vasculature- Mechanisms and Consequences. Front Immunol 2019; 10:471. [PMID: 30923528 PMCID: PMC6426755 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatics fulfill a vital physiological function as the conduits through which leucocytes traffic between the tissues and draining lymph nodes for the initiation and modulation of immune responses. However, until recently many of the molecular mechanisms controlling such migration have been unclear. As a result of careful research, it is now apparent that the process is regulated at multiple stages from initial leucocyte entry and intraluminal crawling in peripheral tissue lymphatics, through to leucocyte exit in draining lymph nodes where the migrating cells either participate in immune responses or return to the circulation via efferent lymph. Furthermore, it is increasingly evident that most if not all leucocyte populations migrate in lymph and that such migration is not only important for immune modulation, but also for the timely repair and resolution of tissue inflammation. In this article, I review the latest research findings in these areas, arising from new insights into the distinctive ultrastructure of lymphatic capillaries and lymph node sinuses. Accordingly, I highlight the emerging importance of the leucocyte glycocalyx and its novel interactions with the endothelial receptor LYVE-1, the intricacies of endothelial chemokine secretion and sequestration that direct leucocyte trafficking and the significance of the process for normal immune function and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Jackson
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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43
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How Adhesion Molecule Patterns Change While Neutrophils Traffic through the Lung during Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:1208086. [PMID: 30944544 PMCID: PMC6421765 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1208086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In acute pulmonary inflammation, polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) pass a transendothelial barrier from the circulation into the lung interstitium followed by a transepithelial migration into the alveolar space. These migration steps are regulated differentially by a concept of adhesion molecules and remain-despite decades of research-incompletely understood. Current knowledge of changes in the expression pattern of adhesion molecules mainly derives from in vitro studies or from studies in extrapulmonary organ systems, where regulation of adhesion molecules differs significantly. In a murine model of lung inflammation, we determined the expression pattern of nine relevant neutrophilic adhesion molecules on their way through the different compartments of the lung. We used a flow cytometry-based technique that allowed describing spatial distribution of the adhesion molecules expressed on PMNs during their migration through the lung in detail. For example, the highest expression of CD29 was found in the intravascular compartment, highlighting its impact on the initial adhesion to the endothelium. CD47 showed its peak of expression on the later phase of transendothelial migration, whereas CD11b and CD54 expression peaked interstitial. A pivotal role for transepithelial migration was found for the adhesion molecule CD172a. Thereby, expression may correlate with functional impact for specific migration steps. In vitro studies further confirmed our in vivo findings. In conclusion, we are the first to determine the changes in expression patterns of relevant adhesion molecules on their migration through the different compartments of the lung. These findings may help to further understand the regulation of neutrophil trafficking in the lung.
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44
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Castell SD, Harman MF, Morón G, Maletto BA, Pistoresi-Palencia MC. Neutrophils Which Migrate to Lymph Nodes Modulate CD4 + T Cell Response by a PD-L1 Dependent Mechanism. Front Immunol 2019; 10:105. [PMID: 30761151 PMCID: PMC6362305 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that neutrophils are rapidly recruited to a site of injury or infection and perform a critical role in pathogen clearance and inflammation. However, they are also able to interact with and regulate innate and adaptive immune cells and some stimuli induce the migration of neutrophils to lymph nodes (LNs). Previously, we demonstrated that the immune complex (IC) generated by injecting OVA into the footpad of OVA/CFA immunized mice induced the migration of OVA+ neutrophils to draining LNs (dLNs). Here we investigate the effects of these neutrophils which reach dLNs on CD4+ T cell response. Our findings here strongly support a dual role for neutrophils in dLNs regarding CD4+ T cell response modulation. On the one hand, the CD4+ T cell population expands after the influx of OVA+ neutrophils to dLNs. These CD4+ T cells enlarge their proliferative response, activation markers and IL-17 and IFN-γ cytokine production. On the other hand, these neutrophils also restrict CD4+ T cell expansion. The neutrophils in the dLNs upregulate PD-L1 molecules and are capable of suppressing CD4+ T cell proliferation. These results indicate that neutrophils migration to dLNs have an important role in the homeostasis of adaptive immunity. This report describes for the first time that the influx of neutrophils to dLNs dependent on IC presence improves CD4+ T cell response, at the same time controlling CD4+ T cell proliferation through a PD-L1 dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía D Castell
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María F Harman
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Morón
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Belkys A Maletto
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María C Pistoresi-Palencia
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Córdoba, Argentina
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45
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Yam AO, Chtanova T. Imaging the neutrophil: Intravital microscopy provides a dynamic view of neutrophil functions in host immunity. Cell Immunol 2019; 350:103898. [PMID: 30712753 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first cellular responders of the immune system. They employ their impressive arsenal of microbicidal molecules to provide rapid and efficient defense against pathogens. However, the role of neutrophils extends far beyond microbial destruction to include tissue repair and remodeling, provision of signals to the adaptive immune system and body homeostasis. Intravital imaging has allowed the visualization of neutrophils in their native environment in both health and disease and provided crucial insights into their mechanisms of action. In the last few years the power of intravital imaging has been considerably extended by the introduction of photoconvertible proteins and intracellular signaling reporter mice. This review will highlight recent advances in our understanding of neutrophil biology based on the use of intravital microscopy to visualize their modus operandi in vivo including migration in and out of inflamed tissues, host-pathogen interactions and cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O Yam
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tatyana Chtanova
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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46
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Brückner C, Straube E, Petersen I, Sachse S, Keller P, Layher F, Matziolis G, Spiegl U, Zajonz D, Edel M, Roth A. Low-grade infections as a possible cause of arthrofibrosis after total knee arthroplasty. Patient Saf Surg 2019; 13:1. [PMID: 30647774 PMCID: PMC6327456 DOI: 10.1186/s13037-018-0181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Arthrofibrosis after total knee arthroplasty represents a considerable burden for the patient and a therapeutic challenge for the practitioner. One possible cause discussed in the literature is a low-grade infection. This hypothesis should be examined within the scope of this retrospective study. Patients and methods Nineteen patients with clinical symptoms of arthrofibrosis after primary total knee arthroplasty were examined between January, 1999 and January, 2012. Incorrect positioning was radiologically ruled out. All patients were examined clinically (score of Freeman as well as Blauth and Jäger), radiologically (component and leg alignment, patella height according to Insall and Salvati), microbiologically (culture-based procedures), molecular biologically (PCR) and histologically in the course of an open revision of the prosthesis. Results According to the score of Freeman et al. (1977), a highly significant improvement in pain (p = 0.007) and in the overall score (p = 0.003) was shown. The knee joint mobility did not change significantly (p = 0.795). PCR was negative in 17 patients. One patient showed a PCR-positive result of the synovial membrane for Corynebacterium spp., while Staphylococcus warneri was detected in the culture. Another patient had a positive result of synovia PCR for Enterococcus cecorum as well as Corynebacterium spp. However, this culture was sterile. In 16 patient samples, no bacterial growth was detectable. Two samples were not evaluable. The main histopathological findings were synovialitis and fibrosis. Conclusion The hypothesis of low-grade-infection-induced arthrofibrosis after total knee arthroplasty could not be confirmed in this study. However, based on this small study population the conclusion needs to be confirmed by new and larger studies, ideally prospectively designed including a control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brückner
- Orthopaedic Professorship of the University Hospital Jena, Orthopaedic Department of the Waldkliniken Eisenberg, Eisenberg, Germany
| | - E Straube
- 2Institute of Medical Microbiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - I Petersen
- 3Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.,4Institute of Pathology, SRH Waldklinikum Gera, Gera, Germany
| | - S Sachse
- 2Institute of Medical Microbiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - P Keller
- 2Institute of Medical Microbiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.,5Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F Layher
- Orthopaedic Professorship of the University Hospital Jena, Orthopaedic Department of the Waldkliniken Eisenberg, Eisenberg, Germany
| | - G Matziolis
- Orthopaedic Professorship of the University Hospital Jena, Orthopaedic Department of the Waldkliniken Eisenberg, Eisenberg, Germany
| | - U Spiegl
- 6Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D Zajonz
- 6Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Edel
- ZESBO - Center for research on musculoskeletal systems, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Roth
- Orthopaedic Professorship of the University Hospital Jena, Orthopaedic Department of the Waldkliniken Eisenberg, Eisenberg, Germany.,6Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,8Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie, Unfallchirurgie und Plastische Chirurgie, Bereich Endoprothetik/Orthopädie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Ford J, Hughson A, Lim K, Bardina SV, Lu W, Charo IF, Lim JK, Fowell DJ. CCL7 Is a Negative Regulator of Cutaneous Inflammation Following Leishmania major Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3063. [PMID: 30671055 PMCID: PMC6331479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CCL7 (MCP3) is known to promote the recruitment of many innate immune cell types including monocytes and neutrophils to sites of bacterial and viral infection and eosinophils and basophils to sites of allergic inflammation. CCL7 upregulation has been associated with many inflammatory settings including infection, cardiovascular disease, and the tumor microenvironment. CCL7's pleotropic effects are due in part to its ability to bind numerous chemokine receptors, namely CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, and CCR10. CCL7-blockade or CCL7-deficiency is often marked by decreased inflammation and poor pathogen control. In the context of Leishmania major infection, CCL7 is specifically upregulated in the skin one-2 weeks after infection but its role in L. major control is unclear. To determine CCL7's impact on the response to L. major we infected WT and CCL7-/- C57BL/6 mice. L. major infection of CCL7-deficient mice led to an unexpected increase in inflammation in the infected skin 2 weeks post-infection. A broad increase in immune cell subsets was observed but was dominated by enhanced neutrophilic infiltration. Increased neutrophil recruitment was associated with an enhanced IL-17 gene profile in the infected skin. CCL7 was shown to directly antagonize neutrophil migration in vitro and CCL7 add-back in vivo specifically reduced neutrophil influx into the infected skin revealing an unexpected role for CCL7 in limiting neutrophil recruitment during L. major infection. Enhanced neutrophilic infiltration in CCL7-deficient mice changed the balance of L. major infected host cells with an increase in the ratio of infected neutrophils over monocytes/macrophages. To determine the consequence of CCL7 deficiency on L. major control we analyzed parasite load cutaneously at the site of infection and viscerally in the draining LN and spleen. The CCL7-/- mice supported robust cutaneous parasite control similar to their WT C57BL/6 counterparts. In contrast, CCL7-deficiency led to greater parasite dissemination and poor parasite control in the spleen. Our studies reveal a novel role for CCL7 in negatively regulating cutaneous inflammation, specifically neutrophils, early during L. major infection. We propose that CCL7-mediated dampening of the early immune response in the skin may limit the ability of the parasite to disseminate without compromising cutaneous control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Ford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Angela Hughson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Kihong Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Susana V Bardina
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Israel F Charo
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jean K Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Deborah J Fowell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
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Baez NS, Cerbán F, Savid-Frontera C, Hodge DL, Tosello J, Acosta-Rodriguez E, Almada L, Gruppi A, Viano ME, Young HA, Rodriguez-Galan MC. Thymic expression of IL-4 and IL-15 after systemic inflammatory or infectious Th1 disease processes induce the acquisition of "innate" characteristics during CD8+ T cell development. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007456. [PMID: 30608984 PMCID: PMC6319713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate CD8+ T cells express a memory-like phenotype and demonstrate a strong cytotoxic capacity that is critical during the early phase of the host response to certain bacterial and viral infections. These cells arise in the thymus and depend on IL-4 and IL-15 for their development. Even though innate CD8+ T cells exist in the thymus of WT mice in low numbers, they are highly enriched in KO mice that lack certain kinases, leading to an increase in IL-4 production by thymic NKT cells. Our work describes that in C57BL/6 WT mice undergoing a Th1 biased infectious disease, the thymus experiences an enrichment of single positive CD8 (SP8) thymocytes that share all the established phenotypical and functional characteristics of innate CD8+ T cells. Moreover, through in vivo experiments, we demonstrate a significant increase in survival and a lower parasitemia in mice adoptively transferred with SP8 thymocytes from OT I—T. cruzi-infected mice, demonstrating that innate CD8+ thymocytes are able to protect against a lethal T. cruzi infection in an Ag-independent manner. Interestingly, we obtained similar results when using thymocytes from systemic IL-12 + IL-18-treated mice. This data indicates that cytokines triggered during the acute stage of a Th1 infectious process induce thymic production of IL-4 along with IL-15 expression resulting in an adequate niche for development of innate CD8+ T cells as early as the double positive (DP) stage. Our data demonstrate that the thymus can sense systemic inflammatory situations and alter its conventional CD8 developmental pathway when a rapid innate immune response is required to control different types of pathogens. Murine innate CD8+ T cells demonstrate strong cytotoxic capacity during the early phase of certain bacterial and viral infections. Such cells have been reported to be present in both mice and humans but many questions remain as to their differentiation and maturation process. Innate CD8+ T cells arise in the thymus and depend on IL-4 and IL-15 for their development. A description of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved during their thymic development has been obtained from KO mice that lack kinases and transcription factors important for TCR signaling. In these mice, SP8 thymocytes with an innate phenotype are highly enriched over the conventional SP8 cells. Our work describes, for the first time, that in WT mice, thymic IL-4 and IL-15 expression triggered by Th1 infectious processes induce an adequate niche for development of innate rather than conventional CD8+ T cells. Our data show that the thymus is able to sense a systemic inflammatory response (probably mediated by systemic IL-12 and IL-18 production) and alter its ontogeny when pathogen control is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S. Baez
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fabio Cerbán
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Constanza Savid-Frontera
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Deborah L. Hodge
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Jimena Tosello
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eva Acosta-Rodriguez
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Almada
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Estefania Viano
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Howard A. Young
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Maria Cecilia Rodriguez-Galan
- Inmunología. CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Breslin JW, Yang Y, Scallan JP, Sweat RS, Adderley SP, Murfee WL. Lymphatic Vessel Network Structure and Physiology. Compr Physiol 2018; 9:207-299. [PMID: 30549020 PMCID: PMC6459625 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system is comprised of a network of vessels interrelated with lymphoid tissue, which has the holistic function to maintain the local physiologic environment for every cell in all tissues of the body. The lymphatic system maintains extracellular fluid homeostasis favorable for optimal tissue function, removing substances that arise due to metabolism or cell death, and optimizing immunity against bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other antigens. This article provides a comprehensive review of important findings over the past century along with recent advances in the understanding of the anatomy and physiology of lymphatic vessels, including tissue/organ specificity, development, mechanisms of lymph formation and transport, lymphangiogenesis, and the roles of lymphatics in disease. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:207-299, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome W. Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Joshua P. Scallan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Richard S. Sweat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Shaquria P. Adderley
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - W. Lee Murfee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Circadian Expression of Migratory Factors Establishes Lineage-Specific Signatures that Guide the Homing of Leukocyte Subsets to Tissues. Immunity 2018; 49:1175-1190.e7. [PMID: 30527911 PMCID: PMC6303219 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The number of leukocytes present in circulation varies throughout the day, reflecting bone marrow output and emigration from blood into tissues. Using an organism-wide circadian screening approach, we detected oscillations in pro-migratory factors that were distinct for specific vascular beds and individual leukocyte subsets. This rhythmic molecular signature governed time-of-day-dependent homing behavior of leukocyte subsets to specific organs. Ablation of BMAL1, a transcription factor central to circadian clock function, in endothelial cells or leukocyte subsets demonstrated that rhythmic recruitment is dependent on both microenvironmental and cell-autonomous oscillations. These oscillatory patterns defined leukocyte trafficking in both homeostasis and inflammation and determined detectable tumor burden in blood cancer models. Rhythms in the expression of pro-migratory factors and migration capacities were preserved in human primary leukocytes. The definition of spatial and temporal expression profiles of pro-migratory factors guiding leukocyte migration patterns to organs provides a resource for the further study of the impact of circadian rhythms in immunity.
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