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Jin Z, Wang H, Tang R, Pan B, Lee HJ, Liu S, Wang L, Qin J, Xu M. GATA2 promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer development by suppressing IFN-β axis-mediated antitumor immunity. Oncogene 2024:10.1038/s41388-024-03107-z. [PMID: 39068217 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) nearly inevitably develops after long-term treatment with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), leading to significant mortality. Investigating the mechanisms driving CRPC development is imperative. Here, we determined that the pioneer transcription factor GATA2, which is frequently amplified in CRPC patients, inhibits interferon (IFN)-β-mediated antitumor immunity, thereby promoting CRPC progression. Employing a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM), we demonstrated that GATA2 overexpression hindered castration-induced cell apoptosis and tumor shrinkage, facilitating tumor metastasis and CRPC development. Notably, GATA2 drives castration resistance predominantly via repressing castration-induced activation of IFN-β signaling and CD8+ T-cell infiltration. This finding aligns with the negative correlation between GATA2 expression and IFNB1 expression, as well as CD8+ T-cell infiltration in CRPC patients. Mechanistically, GATA2 recruited PIAS1 as corepressor, and reprogramed the cistrome of IRF3, a key transcription factor of the IFN-β axis, in an androgen-independent manner. Furthermore, we identified a novel silencer element that facilitated the function of GATA2 and PIAS1 through looping to the IFNB1 promoter. Importantly, depletion of GATA2 augmented antitumor immunity and attenuated CRPC development. Consequently, our findings elucidate a novel mechanism wherein GATA2 promotes CRPC progression by suppressing IFN-β axis-mediated antitumor immunity, underscoring GATA2 as a promising therapeutic target for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zige Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruxian Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Biying Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Siqi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Leiming Wang
- Center for Translational Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Mafei Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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2
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Ur Rehman A, Wang Z, Qin Q, Zhang X, Akhtar A, Liu H, Mao B, Khan N, Tang L, Li X. Enhancing antitumor immunity and achieving tumor eradication with IL11RA mRNA immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112205. [PMID: 38718659 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Current methods for delivering genes to target tumors face significant challenges, including off-target effects and immune responses against delivery vectors. In this study, we developed a novel approach using messenger RNA (mRNA) to encode IL11RA for local immunotherapy, aiming to harness the immune system to combat tumors. Our research uncovered a compelling correlation between IL11RA expression and CD8 + T cell levels across multiple tumor types, with elevated IL11RA expression correlating with improved overall survival. Examination of the Pan-Cancer Atlas dataset showed a significant reduction in IL11RA expression in various cancer types compared to normal tissue, raising questions about its potential role in tumorigenesis. To achieve efficient in vivo expression of IL11RA, we synthesized two mRNA sequences mimicking the wild-type protein. These mRNA sequences were formulated and capped to ensure effective delivery, resulting in robust expression within tumor sites. Our investigation into IL11RA mRNA therapy demonstrated its effectiveness in controlling tumor growth when administered both intratumorally and intravenously in mouse models. Additionally, IL11RA mRNA treatment significantly stimulated the expansion of CD8 + T cells within tumors, draining lymph nodes, and the spleen. Transcriptome analysis revealed distinct transcriptional patterns associated with T cell functions. Using multiple deconvolution algorithms, we found substantial infiltration of CD8 + T cells following IL11RA mRNA treatment, highlighting its immunomodulatory effects within the tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, IL11RA mRNA therapy presents a promising strategy for tumor regression with potential immunomodulatory effects and clinical implications for improved survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Ur Rehman
- Clinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Major Brain Disease and Aging Research (Ministry of Education), Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Zhihuai Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, China
| | - Qianshan Qin
- Suzhou Abogen Biosciences Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Suzhou Abogen Biosciences Co., Ltd., Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Aleena Akhtar
- Clinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hanyang Liu
- Charité‑University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Virchow Campus, and Molecular Cancer Research Center, D‑13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Binli Mao
- Clinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Naveed Khan
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Liming Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Clinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Major Brain Disease and Aging Research (Ministry of Education), Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Wang M, Chen S, He X, Yuan Y, Wei X. Targeting inflammation as cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:13. [PMID: 38520006 PMCID: PMC10960486 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has accompanied human beings since the emergence of wounds and infections. In the past decades, numerous efforts have been undertaken to explore the potential role of inflammation in cancer, from tumor development, invasion, and metastasis to the resistance of tumors to treatment. Inflammation-targeted agents not only demonstrate the potential to suppress cancer development, but also to improve the efficacy of other therapeutic modalities. In this review, we describe the highly dynamic and complex inflammatory tumor microenvironment, with discussion on key inflammation mediators in cancer including inflammatory cells, inflammatory cytokines, and their downstream intracellular pathways. In addition, we especially address the role of inflammation in cancer development and highlight the action mechanisms of inflammation-targeted therapies in antitumor response. Finally, we summarize the results from both preclinical and clinical studies up to date to illustrate the translation potential of inflammation-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Block3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Block3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei He
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Block3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17, Block3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Zhang J, Guo B, Chen JH, Liu XJ, Zhang JH, Zhu HQ, Wang WY, Tang ZH, Wei B, Cao YX, Zhan L. NLRC5 potentiates anti-tumor CD8 + T cells responses by activating interferon-β in endometrial cancer. Transl Oncol 2023; 36:101742. [PMID: 37531863 PMCID: PMC10407819 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES NLR family CARD domain containing 5 (NLRC5) could promote major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-dependent CD8+ T cell-mediated anticancer immunity. In this study, the immunosurveillance role and underlying mechanisms of NLRC5 in endometrial cancer (EC) were characterized. METHODS CD8+ T cells were separated from healthy women's peripheral blood by using magnetic beads. The effect of NLRC5 and interferon-β (IFN-β) on immunosurveillance of EC were examined through a mouse tumor model and a CD8+ T cell-EC cell coculture system after NLRC5 overexpression and IFN-β overexpression or depletion. The effect of NLRC5 on IFN-β expression was examined with gain- and loss-of-function experiments. RESULTS NLRC5 overexpression in the EC cell and CD8+ T cell coculture system inhibited EC cell proliferation and migration and promoted EC cell apoptosis and CD8+ T cell proliferation. In vivo, NLRC5 overexpression increased the proportion of CD8+ T cells and inhibited EC progression. Furthermore, IFN-β overexpression in the EC cell and CD8+ T cell coculture system activated CD8+ T cell proliferation; however, genetic depletion of IFN-β exerted the opposite effects. In addition, NLRC5 could negatively regulate IFN-β expression in EC cells. Mechanistically, NLRC5 potentiated the antitumor responses of CD8+ T cells to EC by activating IFN-β. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings demonstrated that NLRC5 potentiates anti-tumor CD8+ T cells responses by activating interferon-β in EC, suggesting that genetically escalated NLRC5 and IFN-β may act as potential candidates for the clinical translation of adjuvant immunotherapies to patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Bao Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Jia-Hua Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Hai-Qing Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Wen-Yan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Zhen-Hai Tang
- Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Yun-Xia Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China.
| | - Lei Zhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China.
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5
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Eralp Y, Ates U. Clinical Applications of Combined Immunotherapy Approaches in Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Case-Based Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1545. [PMID: 37896948 PMCID: PMC10610904 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant neoplasms arising from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are among the most common types of cancer with high mortality rates. Despite advances in treatment in a small subgroup harboring targetable mutations, the outcome remains poor, accounting for one in three cancer-related deaths observed globally. As a promising therapeutic option in various tumor types, immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors has also been evaluated in GI cancer, albeit with limited efficacy except for a small subgroup expressing microsatellite instability. In the quest for more effective treatment options, energetic efforts have been placed to evaluate the role of several immunotherapy approaches comprising of cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we report our experience with a personalized dendritic cell cancer vaccine and cytokine-induced killer cell therapy in three patients with GI cancers and summarize current clinical data on combined immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Eralp
- Maslak Acıbadem Hospital, Acıbadem University, Istanbul 34398, Turkey
| | - Utku Ates
- Biotech4life Tissue and Cell R&D Center, Stembio Cell and Tissue Technologies, Inc., Istanbul 34398, Turkey
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Li WS, Zhang QQ, Li Q, Liu SY, Yuan GQ, Pan YW. Innate immune response restarts adaptive immune response in tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1260705. [PMID: 37781382 PMCID: PMC10538570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1260705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The imbalance of immune response plays a crucial role in the development of diseases, including glioblastoma. It is essential to comprehend how the innate immune system detects tumors and pathogens. Endosomal and cytoplasmic sensors can identify diverse cancer cell antigens, triggering the production of type I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This, in turn, stimulates interferon stimulating genes, enhancing the presentation of cancer antigens, and promoting T cell recognition and destruction of cancer cells. While RNA and DNA sensing of tumors and pathogens typically involve different receptors and adapters, their interaction can activate adaptive immune response mechanisms. This review highlights the similarity in RNA and DNA sensing mechanisms in the innate immunity of both tumors and pathogens. The aim is to enhance the anti-tumor innate immune response, identify regions of the tumor that are not responsive to treatment, and explore new targets to improve the response to conventional tumor therapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-shan Li
- The Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Qing-qing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Qiao Li
- The Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shang-yu Liu
- The Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guo-qiang Yuan
- The Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ya-wen Pan
- The Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Niu D, Wu Y, Lian J. Circular RNA vaccine in disease prevention and treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:341. [PMID: 37691066 PMCID: PMC10493228 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CircRNAs are a class of single-stranded RNAs with covalently linked head-to-tail topology. In the decades since its initial discovery, their biogenesis, regulation, and function have rapidly disclosed, permitting a better understanding and adoption of them as new tools for medical applications. With the development of biotechnology and molecular medicine, artificial circRNAs have been engineered as a novel class of vaccines for disease treatment and prevention. Unlike the linear mRNA vaccine which applications were limited by its instability, inefficiency, and innate immunogenicity, circRNA vaccine which incorporate internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) and open reading frame (ORF) provides an improved approach to RNA-based vaccination with safety, stability, simplicity of manufacture, and scalability. However, circRNA vaccines are at an early stage, and their optimization, delivery and applications require further development and evaluation. In this review, we comprehensively describe circRNA vaccine, including their history and superiority. We also summarize and discuss the current methodological research for circRNA vaccine preparation, including their design, synthesis, and purification. Finally, we highlight the delivery options of circRNA vaccine and its potential applications in diseases treatment and prevention. Considering their unique high stability, low immunogenicity, protein/peptide-coding capacity and special closed-loop construction, circRNA vaccine, and circRNA-based therapeutic platforms may have superior application prospects in a broad range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Niu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaran Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiqin Lian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China.
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Lewicky JD, Martel AL, Gupta MR, Roy R, Rodriguez GM, Vanderhyden BC, Le HT. Conventional DNA-Damaging Cancer Therapies and Emerging cGAS-STING Activation: A Review and Perspectives Regarding Immunotherapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4127. [PMID: 37627155 PMCID: PMC10453198 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Many traditional cancer treatments such as radiation and chemotherapy are known to induce cellular DNA damage as part of their cytotoxic activity. The cGAS-STING signaling axis, a key member of the DNA damage response that acts as a sensor of foreign or aberrant cytosolic DNA, is helping to rationalize the DNA-damaging activity of these treatments and their emerging immunostimulatory capacity. Moreover, cGAS-STING, which is attracting considerable attention for its ability to promote antitumor immune responses, may fundamentally be able to address many of the barriers limiting the success of cancer immunotherapy strategies, including the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Herein, we review the traditional cancer therapies that have been linked with cGAS-STING activation, highlighting their targets with respect to their role and function in the DNA damage response. As part of the review, an emerging "chemoimmunotherapy" concept whereby DNA-damaging agents are used for the indirect activation of STING is discussed as an alternative to the direct molecular agonism strategies that are in development, but have yet to achieve clinical approval. The potential of this approach to address some of the inherent and emerging limitations of cGAS-STING signaling in cancer immunotherapy is also discussed. Ultimately, it is becoming clear that in order to successfully employ the immunotherapeutic potential of the cGAS-STING axis, a balance between its contrasting antitumor and protumor/inflammatory activities will need to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D. Lewicky
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H2, Canada; (J.D.L.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Alexandrine L. Martel
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H2, Canada; (J.D.L.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Mukul Raj Gupta
- Glycosciences and Nanomaterial Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (M.R.G.); (R.R.)
| | - René Roy
- Glycosciences and Nanomaterial Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (M.R.G.); (R.R.)
| | - Galaxia M. Rodriguez
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (G.M.R.); (B.C.V.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Barbara C. Vanderhyden
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (G.M.R.); (B.C.V.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Hoang-Thanh Le
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H2, Canada; (J.D.L.); (A.L.M.)
- Medicinal Sciences Division, NOSM University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
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Sharon S, Daher-Ghanem N, Zaid D, Gough MJ, Kravchenko-Balasha N. The immunogenic radiation and new players in immunotherapy and targeted therapy for head and neck cancer. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1180869. [PMID: 37496754 PMCID: PMC10366623 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1180869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although treatment modalities for head and neck cancer have evolved considerably over the past decades, survival rates have plateaued. The treatment options remained limited to definitive surgery, surgery followed by fractionated radiotherapy with optional chemotherapy, and a definitive combination of fractionated radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Lately, immunotherapy has been introduced as the fourth modality of treatment, mainly administered as a single checkpoint inhibitor for recurrent or metastatic disease. While other regimens and combinations of immunotherapy and targeted therapy are being tested in clinical trials, adapting the appropriate regimens to patients and predicting their outcomes have yet to reach the clinical setting. Radiotherapy is mainly regarded as a means to target cancer cells while minimizing the unwanted peripheral effect. Radiotherapy regimens and fractionation are designed to serve this purpose, while the systemic effect of radiation on the immune response is rarely considered a factor while designing treatment. To bridge this gap, this review will highlight the effect of radiotherapy on the tumor microenvironment locally, and the immune response systemically. We will review the methodology to identify potential targets for therapy in the tumor microenvironment and the scientific basis for combining targeted therapy and radiotherapy. We will describe a current experience in preclinical models to test these combinations and propose how challenges in this realm may be faced. We will review new players in targeted therapy and their utilization to drive immunogenic response against head and neck cancer. We will outline the factors contributing to head and neck cancer heterogeneity and their effect on the response to radiotherapy. We will review in-silico methods to decipher intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity and how these algorithms can predict treatment outcomes. We propose that (a) the sequence of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy should be designed not only to annul cancer directly, but to prime the immune response. (b) Fractionation of radiotherapy and the extent of the irradiated field should facilitate systemic immunity to develop. (c) New players in targeted therapy should be evaluated in translational studies toward clinical trials. (d) Head and neck cancer treatment should be personalized according to patients and tumor-specific factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Sharon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Narmeen Daher-Ghanem
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Deema Zaid
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael J. Gough
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nataly Kravchenko-Balasha
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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10
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Interferon Family Cytokines in Obesity and Insulin Sensitivity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244041. [PMID: 36552805 PMCID: PMC9776768 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated complications are global public health concerns. Metabolic disturbances and immune dysregulation cause adipose tissue stress and dysfunction in obese individuals. Immune cell accumulation in the adipose microenvironment is the main cause of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction. Infiltrated immune cells, adipocytes, and stromal cells are all involved in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in adipose tissues and affect systemic homeostasis. Interferons (IFNs) are a large family of pleiotropic cytokines that play a pivotal role in host antiviral defenses. IFNs are critical immune modulators in response to pathogens, dead cells, and several inflammation-mediated diseases. Several studies have indicated that IFNs are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. In this review, we discuss the roles of IFN family cytokines in the development of obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance.
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11
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Yuan J, Li J, Gao C, Jiang C, Xiang Z, Wu J. Immunotherapies catering to the unmet medical need of cold colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1022190. [PMID: 36275766 PMCID: PMC9579278 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1022190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a common malignant tumor of gastrointestinal tract, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has gradually increased in recent years. In western developed countries, it has even become the second largest malignant tumor next to lung cancer. Immunotherapy is a hot topic in the field of cancer therapy, including immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), adoptive cell therapy (ACT), cancer vaccines and cytokines, aiming to improve the ability of the immune system to recognize, target and eliminate cancer cells. However, cold CRC, which accounts for a high proportion of CRC, is not so reactive to it. The development of immunotherapy to prevent cancer cells from forming “immune escape” pathways to the immune system in cold CRC, has been under increasing study attention. There is proof that an organic combination of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and several immunotherapies can considerably boost the immune system’s capacity to eradicate tumor cells. In this review, we summarized the role of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. In addition, we propose a breakthrough and strategy to improve the role of immunotherapy in cold CRC based on its characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ce Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ze Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Wu, ; Ze Xiang,
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Wu, ; Ze Xiang,
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12
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Chatterjee A, Asija S, Yadav S, Purwar R, Goda JS. Clinical utility of CAR T cell therapy in brain tumors: Lessons learned from the past, current evidence and the future stakes. Int Rev Immunol 2022; 41:606-624. [PMID: 36191126 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2022.2125963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented clinical success of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in hematological malignancies has led researchers to study its role in solid tumors. Although, its utility in solid tumors especially in neuroblastoma has begun to emerge, preclinical studies of its efficacy in other solid tumors like osteosarcomas or gliomas has caught the attention of oncologist to be tried in clinical trials. Malignant high-grade brain tumors like glioblastomas or midline gliomas in children represent some of the most difficult malignancies to be managed with conventionally available therapeutics, while relapsed gliomas continue to have the most dismal prognosis due to limited therapeutic options. Innovative therapies such as CAR T cells could give an additional leverage to the treating oncologists by potentially improving outcomes and ameliorating the toxicity of the currently available therapies. Moreover, CAR T cell therapy has the potential to be integrated into the therapeutic paradigm for aggressive gliomas in the near future. In this review we discuss the challenges in using CAR T cell therapy in brain tumors, enumerate the completed and ongoing clinical trials of different types of CAR T cell therapy for different brain tumors with special emphasis on glioblastoma and also discuss the future role of CAR T cells in Brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chatterjee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sweety Asija
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Sandhya Yadav
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Purwar
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Jayant S Goda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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13
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Alum-anchored intratumoral retention improves the tolerability and antitumor efficacy of type I interferon therapies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205983119. [PMID: 36037341 PMCID: PMC9457244 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205983119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective antitumor immunity in mice requires activation of the type I interferon (IFN) response pathway. IFNα and IFNβ therapies have proven promising in humans, but suffer from limited efficacy and high toxicity. Intratumoral IFN retention ameliorates systemic toxicity, but given the complexity of IFN signaling, it was unclear whether long-term intratumoral retention of type I IFNs would promote or inhibit antitumor responses. To this end, we compared the efficacy of IFNα and IFNβ that exhibit either brief or sustained retention after intratumoral injection in syngeneic mouse tumor models. Significant enhancement in tumor retention, mediated by anchoring these IFNs to coinjected aluminum-hydroxide (alum) particles, greatly improved both their tolerability and efficacy. The improved efficacy of alum-anchored IFNs could be attributed to sustained pleiotropic effects on tumor cells, immune cells, and nonhematopoietic cells. Alum-anchored IFNs achieved high cure rates of B16F10 tumors upon combination with either anti-PD-1 antibody or interleukin-2. Interestingly however, these alternative combination immunotherapies yielded disparate T cell phenotypes and differential resistance to tumor rechallenge, highlighting important distinctions in adaptive memory formation for combinations of type I IFNs with other immunotherapies.
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14
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Blaauboer A, Van Koetsveld PM, Mustafa DAM, Dumas J, Dogan F, Van Zwienen S, Van Eijck CHJ, Hofland LJ. Immunomodulatory antitumor effect of interferon‑beta combined with gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer. Int J Oncol 2022; 61:97. [PMID: 35795999 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to gemcitabine is common and critically limits its therapeutic efficacy in patients with pancreatic cancer. Interferon‑beta (IFN‑β) induces numerous antitumor effects and synergizes with gemcitabine treatment. The immunomodulatory effects of this treatment regimen have not yet been described. In the present study, the antitumor effect of IFN‑β combined with gemcitabine was investigated in immune competent mice. Mouse KPC3 cells were used in all experiments. Treatment effects were determined with cell proliferation assay. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was used to measure gene expression. For in vivo experiments, cells were subcutaneously injected in immune competent mice. For immune profiling, NanoString analysis was performed on tumor samples of treated and untreated mice. Baseline expression of Ifnar‑1 and Ifnar‑2c in KPC3 cells was 1.42±0.16 and 1.50±0.17, respectively. IC50 value of IFN‑β on cell growth was high (>1,000 IU/ml). IFN‑β pre‑treatment increased the in vitro response to gemcitabine (1.3‑fold decrease in EC50; P<0.001). In vivo, tumor size was not statistically significant smaller in mice treated with IFN‑β plus gemcitabine (707±92 mm3 vs. 1,239±338 mm3 in vehicle‑treated mice; P=0.16). IFN‑β alone upregulated expression of numerous immune‑related genes. This effect was less pronounced when combined with gemcitabine. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the immunomodulatory effects of IFN‑β, alone and combined with gemcitabine, in pancreatic cancer were reported. Prognostic markers for predicting effective responses to IFN‑β therapy are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Blaauboer
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Van Koetsveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dana A M Mustafa
- Department of Pathology, The Tumor Immuno‑Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Dumas
- Department of Pathology, The Tumor Immuno‑Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fadime Dogan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Van Zwienen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Casper H J Van Eijck
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leo J Hofland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Cytokine chemokine network in tumor microenvironment: Impact on CSC properties and therapeutic applications. Cytokine 2022; 156:155916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Leveraging STING, Batf3 Dendritic Cells, CXCR3 Ligands, and Other Components Related to Innate Immunity to Induce A "Hot" Tumor Microenvironment That Is Responsive to Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102458. [PMID: 35626062 PMCID: PMC9139434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In a T-cell-inflamed phenotype, tumor eradication works best and is potentiated by immunotherapy such as checkpoint blockade. However, a majority of patients die despite receiving immunotherapy. One reason is insufficient T cell priming and infiltration in the tumor. Nature provides us with innate immune mechanisms in T-cell-inflamed tumors that we can adopt for more personalized immunotherapy strategies. Tumor sensing through innate signaling pathways and efficient antigen-presenting possess a significant role in bridging innate and adaptive immunity and generating a T-cell-inflamed tumor. One approach to strengthen these innate immune mechanisms is to deliver innate immune factors such as STING or activated DCs into the tumor microenvironment, in particular in patients resistant to checkpoint blockade. The low number of DCs in the tumor bed could potentially be increased with the growth factor FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L). CD103+ DCs are integral for three phases of anti-tumor immunity: priming, recruiting, and re-invigoration of effector T cells. Re-activation of dysfunctional T cells is achieved via co-stimulatory molecules such as the 4-1BB ligand. The presence of myeloid-cell-derived CXCL9 and CXCL10 in the tumor microenvironment can predict response to immunotherapy. We outline recent preclinical and clinical approaches to deliver these crucial components bridging innate and adaptive immunity into the tumor microenvironment.
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17
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Garland KM, Sheehy TL, Wilson JT. Chemical and Biomolecular Strategies for STING Pathway Activation in Cancer Immunotherapy. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5977-6039. [PMID: 35107989 PMCID: PMC8994686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) cellular signaling pathway is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Activation of the intracellular STING protein triggers the production of a multifaceted array of immunostimulatory molecules, which, in the proper context, can drive dendritic cell maturation, antitumor macrophage polarization, T cell priming and activation, natural killer cell activation, vascular reprogramming, and/or cancer cell death, resulting in immune-mediated tumor elimination and generation of antitumor immune memory. Accordingly, there is a significant amount of ongoing preclinical and clinical research toward further understanding the role of the STING pathway in cancer immune surveillance as well as the development of modulators of the pathway as a strategy to stimulate antitumor immunity. Yet, the efficacy of STING pathway agonists is limited by many drug delivery and pharmacological challenges. Depending on the class of STING agonist and the desired administration route, these may include poor drug stability, immunocellular toxicity, immune-related adverse events, limited tumor or lymph node targeting and/or retention, low cellular uptake and intracellular delivery, and a complex dependence on the magnitude and kinetics of STING signaling. This review provides a concise summary of the STING pathway, highlighting recent biological developments, immunological consequences, and implications for drug delivery. This review also offers a critical analysis of an expanding arsenal of chemical strategies that are being employed to enhance the efficacy, safety, and/or clinical utility of STING pathway agonists and lastly draws attention to several opportunities for therapeutic advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Garland
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37235 United States
| | - Taylor L Sheehy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37235 United States
| | - John T Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37235 United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37235 United States
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232 United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232 United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232 United States
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232 United States
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18
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Wang H, Xia L, Yao CC, Dong H, Yang Y, Li C, Ji WX, Sun RM, Duan HQ, Menzhou W, Xia WM, Wang SJ, Ji P, Li Z, Jiao L, Wang Y, Lu S. NLRP4 negatively regulates type I interferon response and influences the outcome in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:838-851. [PMID: 34927309 PMCID: PMC8898729 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenge to improve the clinical efficacy and enlarge the population that benefits from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is significant. Based on whole‐exosome sequencing analysis of biopsies from NSCLC patients before anti‐programmed cell death protein‐2 (PD‐1) treatment, we identified NLRP4 mutations in the responders with a longer progression‐free survival (PFS). Knockdown of NLRP4 in mouse Lewis lung cancer cell line enhanced interferon (IFN)‐α/β production through the cGAS‐STING‐IRF3/IRF7 axis and promoted the accumulation of intratumoral CD8+ T cells, leading to tumor growth retardation in vivo and a synergistic effect with anti‐PD‐ligand 1 therapy. This was consistent with clinical observations that more tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T cells and elevated peripheral IFN‐α before receiving nivolumab treatment were associated with a longer PFS in NSCLC patients. Our study highlights the roles of tumor‐intrinsic NLRP4 in remodeling the immune contextures in the tumor microenvironment, making regional type I IFN beneficial for ICI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Liliang Xia
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Yao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chong Li
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen-Xiang Ji
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Rui-Ming Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Huang-Qi Duan
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Wenli Menzhou
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Wei-Min Xia
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Shu-Jun Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziming Li
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Panovue Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shun Lu
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
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19
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Hotz C, Wagenaar TR, Gieseke F, Bangari DS, Callahan M, Cao H, Diekmann J, Diken M, Grunwitz C, Hebert A, Hsu K, Bernardo M, Karikó K, Kreiter S, Kuhn AN, Levit M, Malkova N, Masciari S, Pollard J, Qu H, Ryan S, Selmi A, Schlereth J, Singh K, Sun F, Tillmann B, Tolstykh T, Weber W, Wicke L, Witzel S, Yu Q, Zhang YA, Zheng G, Lager J, Nabel GJ, Sahin U, Wiederschain D. Local delivery of mRNA-encoded cytokines promotes antitumor immunity and tumor eradication across multiple preclinical tumor models. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabc7804. [PMID: 34516826 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc7804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hui Cao
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Mustafa Diken
- BioNTech, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University GmbH (TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Andy Hebert
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Karl Hsu
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marie Bernardo
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Sebastian Kreiter
- BioNTech, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University GmbH (TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Mikhail Levit
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Jack Pollard
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hui Qu
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sue Ryan
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Abderaouf Selmi
- Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University GmbH (TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Kuldeep Singh
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Fangxian Sun
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bodo Tillmann
- Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University GmbH (TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - William Weber
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Sonja Witzel
- Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University GmbH (TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Qunyan Yu
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yu-An Zhang
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gang Zheng
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joanne Lager
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gary J Nabel
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ugur Sahin
- BioNTech, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University GmbH (TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
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20
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Melero I, Castanon E, Alvarez M, Champiat S, Marabelle A. Intratumoural administration and tumour tissue targeting of cancer immunotherapies. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:558-576. [PMID: 34006998 PMCID: PMC8130796 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are revolutionizing oncology and haematology practice. With these and other immunotherapies, however, systemic biodistribution raises safety issues, potentially requiring the use of suboptimal doses or even precluding their clinical development. Delivering or attracting immune cells or immunomodulatory factors directly to the tumour and/or draining lymph nodes might overcome these problems. Hence, intratumoural delivery and tumour tissue-targeted compounds are attractive options to increase the in situ bioavailability and, thus, the efficacy of immunotherapies. In mouse models, intratumoural administration of immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies, pattern recognition receptor agonists, genetically engineered viruses, bacteria, cytokines or immune cells can exert powerful effects not only against the injected tumours but also often against uninjected lesions (abscopal or anenestic effects). Alternatively, or additionally, biotechnology strategies are being used to achieve higher functional concentrations of immune mediators in tumour tissues, either by targeting locally overexpressed moieties or engineering 'unmaskable' agents to be activated by elements enriched within tumour tissues. Clinical trials evaluating these strategies are ongoing, but their development faces issues relating to the administration methodology, pharmacokinetic parameters, pharmacodynamic end points, and immunobiological and clinical response assessments. Herein, we discuss these approaches in the context of their historical development and describe the current landscape of intratumoural or tumour tissue-targeted immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Melero
- Department of Immunology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Castanon
- Department of Immunology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Alvarez
- Program for Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephane Champiat
- Département d'Innovation Thérapeutique et d'Essais Précoces (DITEP), Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Biotherapies for In Situ Antitumor Immunization (BIOTHERIS), Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CICBT1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurelien Marabelle
- Département d'Innovation Thérapeutique et d'Essais Précoces (DITEP), Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Biotherapies for In Situ Antitumor Immunization (BIOTHERIS), Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CICBT1428, Villejuif, France.
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21
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Hoteit M, Oneissi Z, Reda R, Wakim F, Zaidan A, Farran M, Abi-Khalil E, El-Sibai M. Cancer immunotherapy: A comprehensive appraisal of its modes of application. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:655. [PMID: 34386077 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy have reached their therapeutic potential, leaving a gap for developing more effective cancer therapeutics. Cancer cells evade the immune system using various mechanisms of immune tolerance, underlying the potential impact of immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer. Immunotherapy includes several approaches such as activating the immune system in a cytokine-dependent manner, manipulating the feedback mechanisms involved in the immune response, enhancing the immune response via lymphocyte expansion and using cancer vaccines to elicit long-lasting, robust responses. These techniques can be used as monotherapies or combination therapies. The present review describes the immune-based mechanisms involved in tumor cell proliferation and maintenance and the rationale underlying various treatment methods. In addition, the present review provides insight into the potential of immunotherapy used alone or in combination with various types of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Hoteit
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Zeina Oneissi
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Ranim Reda
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Fadi Wakim
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Amar Zaidan
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Farran
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Elie Abi-Khalil
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Mirvat El-Sibai
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
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22
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Abstract
Introduction: Innate immunity is armed with interferons (IFNs) that link innate immunity to adaptive immunity to generate long-term and protective immune responses against invading pathogens and tumors. However, regulation of IFN production is crucial because chronic IFN responses can have deleterious effects on both antitumor and antimicrobial immunity in addition to provoking autoinflammatory or autoimmune conditions.Areas covered: Here, we focus on the accumulated evidence on antimicrobial and antitumor activities of type I and II IFNs. We first summarize the intracellular and intercellular mechanisms regulating IFN production and signaling. Then, we discuss the mechanisms modulating the dual nature of IFNs for both antitumor and antimicrobial immune responses. Finally, we review the detrimental role of IFNs for induction of autoinflammation and autoimmunity.Expert opinion: The current evidence suggests that the dual role of IFNs for antimicrobial and antitumor immunity is dependent not only on the timing, administration route, and dose of IFNs but also on the type of pathogen/tumor. Therefore, we think that combinatorial therapies involving IFN-inducing adjuvants and immune-checkpoint blockers may offer therapeutic potential, especially for cancer, whereas infectious, autoinflammatory or autoimmune diseases require fine adjustment of timing, dose, and route of the administration for candidate IFN-based vaccines or immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Temizoz
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
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23
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Baik AH, Oluwole OO, Johnson DB, Shah N, Salem JE, Tsai KK, Moslehi JJ. Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Toxicities Associated With Immunotherapies. Circ Res 2021; 128:1780-1801. [PMID: 33934609 PMCID: PMC8159878 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.315894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immune-based therapies have revolutionized cancer treatments. Cardiovascular sequelae from these treatments, however, have emerged as critical complications, representing new challenges in cardio-oncology. Immune therapies include a broad range of novel drugs, from antibodies and other biologics, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and bispecific T-cell engagers, to cell-based therapies, such as chimeric-antigen receptor T-cell therapies. The recognition of immunotherapy-associated cardiovascular side effects has also catapulted new research questions revolving around the interactions between the immune and cardiovascular systems, and the signaling cascades affected by T cell activation, cytokine release, and immune system dysregulation. Here, we review the specific mechanisms of immune activation from immunotherapies and the resulting cardiovascular toxicities associated with immune activation and excess cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan H Baik
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA (A.H.B.)
| | - Olalekan O Oluwole
- Division of Oncology (D.B.J., J.J.M., O.O.O.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Division of Oncology (D.B.J., J.J.M., O.O.O.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Nina Shah
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA (N.S., K.K.T.)
| | - Joe-Elie Salem
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardio-oncology Program, CIC-1901, APHP.Sorbonne Université, Paris, France (J.-E.S.)
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.-E.S., J.J.M.)
| | - Katy K Tsai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA (N.S., K.K.T.)
| | - Javid J Moslehi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.J.M.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Division of Oncology (D.B.J., J.J.M., O.O.O.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.-E.S., J.J.M.)
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24
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Maggs L, Cattaneo G, Dal AE, Moghaddam AS, Ferrone S. CAR T Cell-Based Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:662064. [PMID: 34113233 PMCID: PMC8185049 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.662064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Current treatment options typically consist of surgery followed by chemotherapy or more frequently radiotherapy, however, median patient survival remains at just over 1 year. Therefore, the need for novel curative therapies for GBM is vital. Characterization of GBM cells has contributed to identify several molecules as targets for immunotherapy-based treatments such as EGFR/EGFRvIII, IL13Rα2, B7-H3, and CSPG4. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes collected from a patient can be genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specific for an identified tumor antigen (TA). These CAR T cells can then be re-administered to the patient to identify and eliminate cancer cells. The impressive clinical responses to TA-specific CAR T cell-based therapies in patients with hematological malignancies have generated a lot of interest in the application of this strategy with solid tumors including GBM. Several clinical trials are evaluating TA-specific CAR T cells to treat GBM. Unfortunately, the efficacy of CAR T cells against solid tumors has been limited due to several factors. These include the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, inadequate trafficking and infiltration of CAR T cells and their lack of persistence and activity. In particular, GBM has specific limitations to overcome including acquired resistance to therapy, limited diffusion across the blood brain barrier and risks of central nervous system toxicity. Here we review current CAR T cell-based approaches for the treatment of GBM and summarize the mechanisms being explored in pre-clinical, as well as clinical studies to improve their anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Maggs
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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25
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Najjar YG, McCurry D, Lin H, Lin Y, Zang Y, Davar D, Karunamurthy A, Drabick JJ, Neves RI, Butterfield LH, Ernstoff MS, Puzanov I, Skitzki JJ, Bordeaux J, Summit IB, Bender JO, Kim JY, Chen B, Sarikonda G, Pahuja A, Tsau J, Alfonso Z, Laing C, Pingpank JF, Holtzman MP, Sander C, Rose A, Zarour HM, Kirkwood JM, Tarhini AA. Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab and High-Dose IFNα-2b in Resectable Regionally Advanced Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4195-4204. [PMID: 33753453 PMCID: PMC8338751 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neoadjuvant immunotherapy may improve the clinical outcome of regionally advanced operable melanoma and allows for rapid clinical and pathologic assessment of response. We examined neoadjuvant pembrolizumab and high-dose IFNα-2b (HDI) therapy in patients with resectable advanced melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with resectable stage III/IV melanoma were treated with concurrent pembrolizumab 200 mg i.v. every 3 weeks and HDI 20 MU/m2/day i.v., 5 days per week for 4 weeks, then 10 MU/m2/day subcutaneously 3 days per week for 2 weeks. Definitive surgery followed, as did adjuvant combination immunotherapy, completing a year of treatment. Primary endpoint was safety of the combination. Secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), pathologic complete response (pCR), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS). Blood samples for correlative studies were collected throughout. Tumor tissue was assessed by IHC and flow cytometry at baseline and at surgery. RESULTS A total of 31 patients were enrolled, and 30 were evaluable. At data cutoff (October 2, 2019), median follow-up for OS was 37.87 months (range, 33.2-43.47). Median OS and RFS were not reached. Radiographic ORR was 73.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 55.5-85.8], with a 43% (95% CI: 27.3-60.1) pCR rate. None of the patients with a pCR have had a recurrence. HDI and pembrolizumab were discontinued in 73% and 43% of patients, respectively. Correlative analyses suggested that intratumoral PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and HLA-DR expression are associated with pCR (P = 0.002 and P = 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Neoadjuvant concurrent HDI and pembrolizumab demonstrated promising clinical activity despite high rates of treatment discontinuation. pCR is a prognostic indicator.See related commentary by Menzies et al., p. 4133.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana G Najjar
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | | | - Huang Lin
- Biostatistics Facility, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yan Lin
- Biostatistics Facility, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yan Zang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Diwakar Davar
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Arivarasan Karunamurthy
- Division of Molecular and Genomic Pathology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Lisa H Butterfield
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Igor Puzanov
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Jennifer Bordeaux
- Navigate BioPharma Services, Inc., a Novartis subsidiary, Carlsbad, California
| | - IlaSri B Summit
- Navigate BioPharma Services, Inc., a Novartis subsidiary, Carlsbad, California
| | - Jehovana O Bender
- Navigate BioPharma Services, Inc., a Novartis subsidiary, Carlsbad, California
| | - Ju Young Kim
- Navigate BioPharma Services, Inc., a Novartis subsidiary, Carlsbad, California
| | - Beiru Chen
- Navigate BioPharma Services, Inc., a Novartis subsidiary, Carlsbad, California
| | | | - Anil Pahuja
- Navigate BioPharma Services, Inc., a Novartis subsidiary, Carlsbad, California
| | - Jennifer Tsau
- Navigate BioPharma Services, Inc., a Novartis subsidiary, Carlsbad, California
| | - Zeni Alfonso
- Navigate BioPharma Services, Inc., a Novartis subsidiary, Carlsbad, California
| | - Christian Laing
- Navigate BioPharma Services, Inc., a Novartis subsidiary, Carlsbad, California
| | | | | | - Cindy Sander
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amy Rose
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Ahmad A Tarhini
- H. Lee Moffit Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
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26
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Fox LE, Locke MC, Lenschow DJ. Context Is Key: Delineating the Unique Functions of IFNα and IFNβ in Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:606874. [PMID: 33408718 PMCID: PMC7779635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are critical effector cytokines of the immune system and were originally known for their important role in protecting against viral infections; however, they have more recently been shown to play protective or detrimental roles in many disease states. Type I IFNs consist of IFNα, IFNβ, IFNϵ, IFNκ, IFNω, and a few others, and they all signal through a shared receptor to exert a wide range of biological activities, including antiviral, antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects. Though the individual type I IFN subtypes possess overlapping functions, there is growing appreciation that they also have unique properties. In this review, we summarize some of the mechanisms underlying differential expression of and signaling by type I IFNs, and we discuss examples of differential functions of IFNα and IFNβ in models of infectious disease, cancer, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey E. Fox
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Marissa C. Locke
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Deborah J. Lenschow
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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27
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Campisi M, Sundararaman SK, Shelton SE, Knelson EH, Mahadevan NR, Yoshida R, Tani T, Ivanova E, Cañadas I, Osaki T, Lee SWL, Thai T, Han S, Piel BP, Gilhooley S, Paweletz CP, Chiono V, Kamm RD, Kitajima S, Barbie DA. Tumor-Derived cGAMP Regulates Activation of the Vasculature. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2090. [PMID: 33013881 PMCID: PMC7507350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral recruitment of immune cells following innate immune activation is critical for anti-tumor immunity and involves cytosolic dsDNA sensing by the cGAS/STING pathway. We have previously shown that KRAS-LKB1 (KL) mutant lung cancer, which is resistant to PD-1 blockade, exhibits silencing of STING, impaired tumor cell production of immune chemoattractants, and T cell exclusion. Since the vasculature is also a critical gatekeeper of immune cell infiltration into tumors, we developed a novel microfluidic model to study KL tumor-vascular interactions. Notably, dsDNA priming of LKB1-reconstituted tumor cells activates the microvasculature, even when tumor cell STING is deleted. cGAS-driven extracellular export of 2'3' cGAMP by cancer cells activates STING signaling in endothelial cells and cooperates with type 1 interferon to increase vascular permeability and expression of E selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 and T cell adhesion to the endothelium. Thus, tumor cell cGAS-STING signaling not only produces T cell chemoattractants, but also primes tumor vasculature for immune cell escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Campisi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shriram K. Sundararaman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Sarah E. Shelton
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Erik H. Knelson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Navin R. Mahadevan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ryohei Yoshida
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tetsuo Tani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elena Ivanova
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Israel Cañadas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tatsuya Osaki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sharon Wei Ling Lee
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology, BioSystems and Micromechanics, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tran Thai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Saemi Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brandon P. Piel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sean Gilhooley
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cloud P. Paweletz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Valeria Chiono
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Shunsuke Kitajima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David A. Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
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28
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Williams JB, Li S, Higgs EF, Cabanov A, Wang X, Huang H, Gajewski TF. Tumor heterogeneity and clonal cooperation influence the immune selection of IFN-γ-signaling mutant cancer cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:602. [PMID: 32001684 PMCID: PMC6992737 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PD-1/PD-L1 blockade can promote robust tumor regression yet secondary resistance often occurs as immune selective pressure drives outgrowth of resistant tumor clones. Here using a genome-wide CRISPR screen in B16.SIY melanoma cells, we confirm Ifngr2 and Jak1 as important genes conferring sensitivity to T cell-mediated killing in vitro. However, when implanted into mice, these Ifngr2- and Jak1-deficient tumors paradoxically are better controlled immunologically. This phenotype maps to defective PD-L1 upregulation on mutant tumor cells, which improves anti-tumor efficacy of CD8+ T cells. To reconcile these observations with clinical reports of anti-PD-1 resistance linked to emergence of IFN-γ signaling mutants, we show that when mixed with wild-type tumor cells, IFN-γ-insensitive tumor cells indeed grow out, which depends upon PD-L1 expression by wild-type cells. Our results illustrate the complexity of functions for IFN-γ in anti-tumor immunity and demonstrate that intratumor heterogeneity and clonal cooperation can contribute to immunotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B Williams
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - Shuyin Li
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - Emily F Higgs
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - Alexandra Cabanov
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States
| | - Haochu Huang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - Thomas F Gajewski
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States.
- Departments of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Chicago, IL, 60208, United States.
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States.
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29
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Massara L, Khairallah C, Yared N, Pitard V, Rousseau B, Izotte J, Giese A, Dubus P, Gauthereau X, Déchanet-Merville J, Capone M. Uncovering the Anticancer Potential of Murine Cytomegalovirus against Human Colon Cancer Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 16:250-261. [PMID: 32140563 PMCID: PMC7052516 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) components are often found in tumors, but the precise relationship between HCMV and cancer remains a matter of debate. Pro-tumor functions of HCMV were described in several studies, but an association between HCMV seropositivity and reduced cancer risk was also evidenced, presumably relying on recognition and killing of cancer cells by HCMV-induced lymphocytes. This study aimed at deciphering whether CMV influences cancer development in an immune-independent manner. Using immunodeficient mice, we showed that systemic infection with murine CMV (MCMV) inhibited the growth of murine carcinomas. Surprisingly, MCMV, but not HCMV, also reduced human colon carcinoma development in vivo. In vitro, both viruses infected human cancer cells. Expression of human interferon-β (IFN-β) and nuclear domain (ND10) were induced in MCMV-infected, but not in HCMV-infected human colon cancer cells. These results suggest a decreased capacity of MCMV to counteract intrinsic defenses in the human cellular host. Finally, immunodeficient mice receiving peri-tumoral MCMV therapy showed a reduction of human colon cancer cell growth, albeit no clinical sign of systemic virus dissemination was evidenced. Our study, which describes a selective advantage of MCMV over HCMV to control human colon cancer, could pave the way for the development of CMV-based therapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layal Massara
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Khairallah
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Yared
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Pitard
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,University of Bordeaux, INSERM, CNRS, TBM Core, UMS 3427, Plateforme de Cytométrie, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Rousseau
- University of Bordeaux, Service Commun des Animaleries, Animalerie A2, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Izotte
- University of Bordeaux, Service Commun des Animaleries, Animalerie A2, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alban Giese
- University of Bordeaux, EA2406 Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Dubus
- University of Bordeaux, EA2406 Histologie et Pathologie Moléculaire des Tumeurs, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Gauthereau
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, CNRS, TBM Core, UMS 3427, Plateforme de PCR Quantitative, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Déchanet-Merville
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,University of Bordeaux, INSERM, CNRS, TBM Core, UMS 3427, Plateforme de Cytométrie, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Myriam Capone
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcEpT, UMR 5164, 33076 Bordeaux, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,University of Bordeaux, INSERM, CNRS, TBM Core, UMS 3427, Plateforme de PCR Quantitative, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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30
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Flood BA, Higgs EF, Li S, Luke JJ, Gajewski TF. STING pathway agonism as a cancer therapeutic. Immunol Rev 2020; 290:24-38. [PMID: 31355488 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The fact that a subset of human cancers showed evidence for a spontaneous adaptive immune response as reflected by the T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment phenotype led to the search for candidate innate immune pathways that might be driving such endogenous responses. Preclinical studies indicated a major role for the host STING pathway, a cytosolic DNA sensing pathway, as a proximal event required for optimal type I interferon production, dendritic cell activation, and priming of CD8+ T cells against tumor-associated antigens. STING agonists are therefore being developed as a novel cancer therapeutic, and a greater understanding of STING pathway regulation is leading to a broadened list of candidate immune regulatory targets. Early phase clinical trials of intratumoral STING agonists are already showing promise, alone and in combination with checkpoint blockade. Further advancement will derive from a deeper understanding of STING pathway biology as well as mechanisms of response vs resistance in individual cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake A Flood
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Emily F Higgs
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shuyin Li
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jason J Luke
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas F Gajewski
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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31
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Chimeric antigen receptor -T cell therapy: Applications and challenges in treatment of allergy and asthma. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 123:109685. [PMID: 31862474 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the current advancements, cancer treatment approaches have limitations restricting their cure rate. Immunotherapy techniques are among novel and promising cancer therapeutic approaches. Therapeutic antibodies and adoptive cell therapy (ACT) are the main branches of immunotherapy. T lymphocytes and genetically engineered cells are among important cells which can be used in ACT. This review has focused on recent advances in engineered cell-based immunotherapy based on T lymphocytes with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). CARs are recombinant receptors expressing T cell signaling domains with or without co-stimulatory molecules. CAR-T cells are expanded ex vivo and re-infused to patients in order to improve their therapeutic efficacy. Nowadays, the beneficial function of CAR-T cell therapy has been indicated in various diseases including hematological malignancies, solid tumors, autoimmune diseases, and allergic diseases such as asthma. Furthermore, antigen-specific T regulatory cells (Tregs) and gene-edited T cells seem to be beneficial in controlling inflammation in allergic asthma. In fact, dysregulated function of Tregs is responsible for dominance of T helper 2 immune response and progression of allergic asthma. CAR-Treg cells can also be designed and reproduced using iTreg population to manage asthma. In addition, universal CAR-T cells can be modified to selectively target multiple antigens. The fourth generation CAR-T cells (i.e. TRUCK cells) represent novel strategies to cure asthma and allergic diseases as well. Despite the advantages of CAR-T cells, their applications can be associated with some unwanted reactions such as cytokine storm, anaphylaxis, neurotoxicity, etc. For clinical application, there is a need to prevent and manage these complications by optimizing ACT protocols.
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32
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Abstract
Over the past decade, preclinical and clinical research have confirmed the essential role of interferons for effective host immunological responses to malignant cells. Type I interferons (IFNα and IFNβ) directly regulate transcription of >100 downstream genes, which results in a myriad of direct (on cancer cells) and indirect (through immune effector cells and vasculature) effects on the tumour. New insights into endogenous and exogenous activation of type I interferons in the tumour and its microenvironment have given impetus to drug discovery and patient evaluation of interferon-directed strategies. When combined with prior observations or with other effective modalities for cancer treatment, modulation of the interferon system could contribute to further reductions in cancer morbidity and mortality. This Review discusses new interferon-directed therapeutic opportunities, ranging from cyclic dinucleotides to genome methylation inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, chemoradiation, complexes with neoantigen-targeted monoclonal antibodies, combinations with other emerging therapeutic interventions and associations of interferon-stimulated gene expression with patient prognosis - all of which are strategies that have or will soon enter translational clinical evaluation.
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TGFβ blocks IFNα/β release and tumor rejection in spontaneous mammary tumors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4131. [PMID: 31511510 PMCID: PMC6739328 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN) are being rediscovered as potent anti-tumoral agents. Activation of the STimulator of INterferon Genes (STING) by DMXAA (5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid) can induce strong production of IFNα/β and rejection of transplanted primary tumors. In the present study, we address whether targeting STING with DMXAA also leads to the regression of spontaneous MMTV-PyMT mammary tumors. We show that these tumors are refractory to DMXAA-induced regression. This is due to a blockade in the phosphorylation of IRF3 and the ensuing IFNα/β production. Mechanistically, we identify TGFβ, which is abundant in spontaneous tumors, as a key molecule limiting this IFN-induced tumor regression by DMXAA. Finally, blocking TGFβ restores the production of IFNα by activated MHCII+ tumor-associated macrophages, and enables tumor regression induced by STING activation. On the basis of these findings, we propose that type I IFN-dependent cancer therapies could be greatly improved by combinations including the blockade of TGFβ.
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Chon HJ, Kim H, Noh JH, Yang H, Lee WS, Kong SJ, Lee SJ, Lee YS, Kim WR, Kim JH, Kim G, Kim C. STING signaling is a potential immunotherapeutic target in colorectal cancer. J Cancer 2019; 10:4932-4938. [PMID: 31598165 PMCID: PMC6775531 DOI: 10.7150/jca.32806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) is an innate immune sensor for cytosolic DNA. STING signaling activation is indispensable for type I interferon response and the anti-cancer immune response by CD8+ T cells. The aim of this study was to characterize intratumoral STING expression pattern and its clinical implication in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: We analyzed STING and CD8 expression in 225 CRC patients who underwent surgical resection. Clinicopathological variables and survival outcomes were analyzed according to STING expression levels. Mice with syngeneic MC38 tumors were also treated with a STING agonist, and tumor microenvironments were analyzed using immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry. Results: Distinct STING expression was observed in the CRC tumor specimens. Patients with higher STING expression had early stage cancer with increased intratumoral CD8+ T cell infiltration and less frequent lymphovascular invasion. Compared to CRC patients with lower STING expression, those with higher STING expression had longer overall and recurrence-free survival. Multivariate Cox regression model also revealed higher STING expression to be an independent prognostic factor for better overall survival. When MC38 colon tumors were treated with intratumoral injection of STING agonist, tumor growth was remarkably suppressed with increased intratumoral CD8+ T cell infiltration. Moreover, T-cell activation markers, ICOS and IFN-γ, were also upregulated in CD8+ T cells, indicating enhanced effector T cell function after STING treatment. Conclusion: We confirmed the distinct STING expression in CRC and demonstrated its independent prognostic value in survival outcomes. STING could be a potential therapeutic target that enhances anti-cancer immune response in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jae Chon
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea.,CHA Medical School, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyojoong Kim
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Noh
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea.,CHA Medical School, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hannah Yang
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea
| | - So Jung Kong
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seung Jun Lee
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yu Seong Lee
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Woo Ram Kim
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joo Hang Kim
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Gwangil Kim
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea.,CHA Medical School, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chan Kim
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Seongnam, Korea.,CHA Medical School, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
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35
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Cho E, Islam SMBU, Jiang F, Park JE, Lee B, Kim ND, Hwang TH. Characterization of Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Harboring the Human IFNB1 and CES2 Transgenes. Cancer Res Treat 2019; 52:309-319. [PMID: 31401821 PMCID: PMC6962490 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2019.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess characteristics of SJ-815, a novel oncolytic vaccinia virus lacking a functional thymidine kinase-encoding TK gene, and instead, having two human transgenes: the IFNB1 that encodes interferon β1, and the CES2 that encodes carboxylesterase 2, which metabolizes the prodrug, irinotecan, into cytotoxic SN-38. Materials and Methods Viral replication and dissemination of SJ-815 were measured by plaque assay and comet assay, respectively, and compared to the backbone of SJ-815, a modified Western Reserve virus named WI. Tumor cytotoxicity of SJ-815 (or mSJ-815, which has the murine IFNB1 transgene for mouse cancers) was evaluated using human and mouse cancer cells. Antitumor effects of SJ-815, with/without irinotecan, were evaluated using a human pancreatic cancer-bearing mouse model and a syngeneic melanoma-bearing mouse model. The SN-38/irinotecan ratios in mouse melanoma tissue 4 days post irinotecan treatment were compared between groups with and without SJ-815 intravenous injection. Results SJ-815 demonstrated significantly lower viral replication and dissemination, but considerably stronger in vitro tumor cytotoxicity than WI. The combination use of SJ-815 plus irinotecan generated substantial tumor regression in the human pancreatic cancer model, and significantly prolonged survival in the melanoma model (hazard ratio, 0.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.02 to 0.50; p=0.013). The tumor SN-38/irinotecan ratios were over 3-fold higher in the group with SJ-815 than those without (p < 0.001). Conclusion SJ-815 demonstrates distinct characteristics gained from the inserted IFNB1 and CES2 transgenes. The potent antitumor effects of SJ-815, particularly when combined with irinotecan, against multiple solid tumors make SJ-815 an attractive candidate for further preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euna Cho
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center (MRC), Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Pharmacy and Pusan Cancer Research Center, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - S M Bakhtiar Ul Islam
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center (MRC), Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Fen Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center (MRC), Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ju-Eun Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center (MRC), Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Bora Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center (MRC), Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Pusan Cancer Research Center, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center (MRC), Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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36
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The Different Effects of IFN- β and IFN- γ on the Tumor-Suppressive Activity of Human Amniotic Fluid-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:4592701. [PMID: 31149015 PMCID: PMC6501177 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4592701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Current studies have shown that type I or II interferon-modified mesenchymal stem cells have great potential for the application of tumor-targeted therapy, but the underlying mechanism remains largely elusive. Here, we compared the different effects of IFN-β and IFN-γ on the antitumor activity of human amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AFMSCs) and revealed the potential mechanism. In detail, AFMSCs primed with IFN-β or IFN-β plus IFN-γ, not IFN-γ, inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells in an immunocompetent mouse H460 subcutaneous model, although they all inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells in an immunocompromised mouse H460 subcutaneous model. TRAIL expressed by IFN-β- or IFN-γ-primed AFMSCs specifically exerted the antitumor effect of AFMSCs. AFMSCs primed with IFN-γ highly expressed immunosuppressive molecule IDO1, but IFN-β counteracted the IFN-γ-initiated IDO1 expression. 1-MT (IDO1 inhibitor) decreased TRAIL, but increased IDO1 expression in AFMSCs primed with interferon. As a result, AFMSCs primed with IFN-β or IFN-γ had the antitumor activity, and 1-MT failed to enhance the antitumor effect of IFN-γ-primed AFMSC in vitro and in the immunocompromised mouse H460 subcutaneous model. Furthermore, the expression of TRAIL in AFMSCs was upregulated by apoptotic cancer cells and this positive feedback intensified the antitumor effects of IFNs-primed AFMSCs. The different target gene expression profiles of AFMSCs regulated by IFN-β and IFN-γ determined the different antitumor effects of IFN-β- and IFN-γ-primed AFMSCs on tumor cells. Our finding may help to explore a clinical strategy for cancer intervention by understanding the antitumor mechanisms of MSCs and interferon.
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37
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Berraondo P, Sanmamed MF, Ochoa MC, Etxeberria I, Aznar MA, Pérez-Gracia JL, Rodríguez-Ruiz ME, Ponz-Sarvise M, Castañón E, Melero I. Cytokines in clinical cancer immunotherapy. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:6-15. [PMID: 30413827 PMCID: PMC6325155 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 652] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are soluble proteins that mediate cell-to-cell communication. Based on the discovery of the potent anti-tumour activities of several pro-inflammatory cytokines in animal models, clinical research led to the approval of recombinant interferon-alpha and interleukin-2 for the treatment of several malignancies, even if efficacy was only modest. These early milestones in immunotherapy have been followed by the recent addition to clinical practice of antibodies that inhibit immune checkpoints, as well as chimeric antigen receptor T cells. A renewed interest in the anti-tumour properties of cytokines has led to an exponential increase in the number of clinical trials that explore the safety and efficacy of cytokine-based drugs, not only as single agents, but also in combination with other immunomodulatory drugs. These second-generation drugs under clinical development include known molecules with novel mechanisms of action, new targets, and fusion proteins that increase half-life and target cytokine activity to the tumour microenvironment or to the desired effector immune cells. In addition, the detrimental activity of immunosuppressive cytokines can be blocked by antagonistic antibodies, small molecules, cytokine traps or siRNAs. In this review, we provide an overview of the novel trends in the cytokine immunotherapy field that are yielding therapeutic agents for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Berraondo
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Oncology and immunology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María C Ochoa
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñaki Etxeberria
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria A Aznar
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Luis Pérez-Gracia
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Oncology and immunology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María E Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Oncology and immunology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mariano Ponz-Sarvise
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Oncology and immunology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Castañón
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Oncology and immunology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Oncology and immunology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Liang Y, Tang H, Guo J, Qiu X, Yang Z, Ren Z, Sun Z, Bian Y, Xu L, Xu H, Shen J, Han Y, Dong H, Peng H, Fu YX. Targeting IFNα to tumor by anti-PD-L1 creates feedforward antitumor responses to overcome checkpoint blockade resistance. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4586. [PMID: 30389912 PMCID: PMC6214895 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06890-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients remain unresponsive to intensive PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy despite the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. We propose that impaired innate sensing might limit the complete activation of tumor-specific T cells after PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Local delivery of type I interferons (IFNs) restores antigen presentation, but upregulates PD-L1, dampening subsequent T-cell activation. Therefore, we armed anti-PD-L1 antibody with IFNα (IFNα-anti-PD-L1) to create feedforward responses. Here, we find that a synergistic effect is achieved to overcome both type I IFN and checkpoint blockade therapy resistance with the least side effects in advanced tumors. Intriguingly, PD-L1 expressed in either tumor cells or tumor-associated host cells is sufficient for fusion protein targeting. IFNα-anti-PD-L1 activates IFNAR signaling in host cells, but not in tumor cells to initiate T-cell reactivation. Our data suggest that a next-generation PD-L1 antibody armed with IFNα improves tumor targeting and antigen presentation, while countering innate or T-cell-driven PD-L1 upregulation within tumor. Despite the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, many patients do not respond to PD-L1/PD-1 blockade therapy. Here they show that PD-L1 antibody armed with interferon-α (IFNα) improves tumor targeting and antigen presentation while countering innate or T-cell-drive PD-L1 upregulation, and overcomes resistance to checkpoint blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haidong Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA.
| | - Jingya Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiangyan Qiu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Zecheng Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenhua Ren
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Zhichen Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yingjie Bian
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lily Xu
- Department of Biology, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, 02481, USA
| | - Hairong Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiao Shen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanfei Han
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haidong Dong
- Departments of Urology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hua Peng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA.
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39
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Davar D, Wang H, Chauvin JM, Pagliano O, Fourcade JJ, Ka M, Menna C, Rose A, Sander C, Borhani AA, Karunamurthy A, Tarhini AA, Tawbi HA, Zhao Q, Moreno BH, Ebbinghaus S, Ibrahim N, Kirkwood JM, Zarour HM. Phase Ib/II Study of Pembrolizumab and Pegylated-Interferon Alfa-2b in Advanced Melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:JCO1800632. [PMID: 30359157 PMCID: PMC6286160 DOI: 10.1200/jco.18.00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Objective responses are reported in 34% to 37% of patients with programmed death-1 (PD-1)-naïve advanced melanoma treated with PD-1 inhibitors. Pre-existing CD8+ T-cell infiltrate and interferon (IFN) gene signature correlate with response to PD-1 blockade. Here, we report a phase Ib/II study of pembrolizumab/pegylated (PEG)-IFN combination in PD-1-naïve advanced melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS PEG-IFN (1, 2, and 3 μg/kg per week) was dose escalated using a modified toxicity probability interval design in three cohorts of four patients each, whereas pembrolizumab was dosed at 2 mg/kg every 3 weeks in the phase Ib portion. Thirty-one patients were enrolled in the phase II portion. Primary objectives were safety and incidence of dose-limiting toxicities. Secondary objectives included objective response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival. RESULTS Forty-three patients with stage IV melanoma were enrolled in the phase Ib and II portions of the study and included in the analysis. At the data cutoff date (December 31, 2017), median follow-up duration was 25 months (range, 1 to 38 months). All 43 patients experienced at least one adverse event; grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 21 of 43 patients (48.8%). Objective responses were seen at all three dose levels among 43 evaluable patients. The objective response rate was 60.5%, with 46.5% of patients exhibiting ongoing response. Median PFS was 11.0 months in all patients and unreached in responders, whereas median overall survival remained unreached in all patients. The 2-year PFS rate was 46%. CONCLUSION Pembrolizumab/PEG-IFN demonstrated an acceptable toxicity profile with promising evidence of clinical efficacy in PD-1-naïve metastatic melanoma. These results support the rationale to further investigate this pembrolizumab/PEG-IFN combination in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwakar Davar
- Diwakar Davar, Hong Wang, Joe-Marc Chauvin, Ornella Pagliano, Julien J. Fourcade, Mignane Ka, Carmine Menna, Amy Rose, Cindy Sander, Amir A. Borhani, Arivarasan Karunamurthy, John M. Kirkwood, and Hassane M. Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Hussein A. Tawbi, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Qing Zhao, Blanca H. Moreno, Scott Ebbinghaus, and Nageatte Ibrahim, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ
| | - Hong Wang
- Diwakar Davar, Hong Wang, Joe-Marc Chauvin, Ornella Pagliano, Julien J. Fourcade, Mignane Ka, Carmine Menna, Amy Rose, Cindy Sander, Amir A. Borhani, Arivarasan Karunamurthy, John M. Kirkwood, and Hassane M. Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Hussein A. Tawbi, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Qing Zhao, Blanca H. Moreno, Scott Ebbinghaus, and Nageatte Ibrahim, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ
| | - Joe-Marc Chauvin
- Diwakar Davar, Hong Wang, Joe-Marc Chauvin, Ornella Pagliano, Julien J. Fourcade, Mignane Ka, Carmine Menna, Amy Rose, Cindy Sander, Amir A. Borhani, Arivarasan Karunamurthy, John M. Kirkwood, and Hassane M. Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Hussein A. Tawbi, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Qing Zhao, Blanca H. Moreno, Scott Ebbinghaus, and Nageatte Ibrahim, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ
| | - Ornella Pagliano
- Diwakar Davar, Hong Wang, Joe-Marc Chauvin, Ornella Pagliano, Julien J. Fourcade, Mignane Ka, Carmine Menna, Amy Rose, Cindy Sander, Amir A. Borhani, Arivarasan Karunamurthy, John M. Kirkwood, and Hassane M. Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Hussein A. Tawbi, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Qing Zhao, Blanca H. Moreno, Scott Ebbinghaus, and Nageatte Ibrahim, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ
| | - Julien J. Fourcade
- Diwakar Davar, Hong Wang, Joe-Marc Chauvin, Ornella Pagliano, Julien J. Fourcade, Mignane Ka, Carmine Menna, Amy Rose, Cindy Sander, Amir A. Borhani, Arivarasan Karunamurthy, John M. Kirkwood, and Hassane M. Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Hussein A. Tawbi, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Qing Zhao, Blanca H. Moreno, Scott Ebbinghaus, and Nageatte Ibrahim, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ
| | - Mignane Ka
- Diwakar Davar, Hong Wang, Joe-Marc Chauvin, Ornella Pagliano, Julien J. Fourcade, Mignane Ka, Carmine Menna, Amy Rose, Cindy Sander, Amir A. Borhani, Arivarasan Karunamurthy, John M. Kirkwood, and Hassane M. Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Hussein A. Tawbi, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Qing Zhao, Blanca H. Moreno, Scott Ebbinghaus, and Nageatte Ibrahim, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ
| | - Carmine Menna
- Diwakar Davar, Hong Wang, Joe-Marc Chauvin, Ornella Pagliano, Julien J. Fourcade, Mignane Ka, Carmine Menna, Amy Rose, Cindy Sander, Amir A. Borhani, Arivarasan Karunamurthy, John M. Kirkwood, and Hassane M. Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Hussein A. Tawbi, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Qing Zhao, Blanca H. Moreno, Scott Ebbinghaus, and Nageatte Ibrahim, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ
| | - Amy Rose
- Diwakar Davar, Hong Wang, Joe-Marc Chauvin, Ornella Pagliano, Julien J. Fourcade, Mignane Ka, Carmine Menna, Amy Rose, Cindy Sander, Amir A. Borhani, Arivarasan Karunamurthy, John M. Kirkwood, and Hassane M. Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Hussein A. Tawbi, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Qing Zhao, Blanca H. Moreno, Scott Ebbinghaus, and Nageatte Ibrahim, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ
| | - Cindy Sander
- Diwakar Davar, Hong Wang, Joe-Marc Chauvin, Ornella Pagliano, Julien J. Fourcade, Mignane Ka, Carmine Menna, Amy Rose, Cindy Sander, Amir A. Borhani, Arivarasan Karunamurthy, John M. Kirkwood, and Hassane M. Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Hussein A. Tawbi, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Qing Zhao, Blanca H. Moreno, Scott Ebbinghaus, and Nageatte Ibrahim, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ
| | - Amir A. Borhani
- Diwakar Davar, Hong Wang, Joe-Marc Chauvin, Ornella Pagliano, Julien J. Fourcade, Mignane Ka, Carmine Menna, Amy Rose, Cindy Sander, Amir A. Borhani, Arivarasan Karunamurthy, John M. Kirkwood, and Hassane M. Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Hussein A. Tawbi, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Qing Zhao, Blanca H. Moreno, Scott Ebbinghaus, and Nageatte Ibrahim, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ
| | - Arivarasan Karunamurthy
- Diwakar Davar, Hong Wang, Joe-Marc Chauvin, Ornella Pagliano, Julien J. Fourcade, Mignane Ka, Carmine Menna, Amy Rose, Cindy Sander, Amir A. Borhani, Arivarasan Karunamurthy, John M. Kirkwood, and Hassane M. Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Hussein A. Tawbi, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Qing Zhao, Blanca H. Moreno, Scott Ebbinghaus, and Nageatte Ibrahim, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ
| | - Ahmad A. Tarhini
- Diwakar Davar, Hong Wang, Joe-Marc Chauvin, Ornella Pagliano, Julien J. Fourcade, Mignane Ka, Carmine Menna, Amy Rose, Cindy Sander, Amir A. Borhani, Arivarasan Karunamurthy, John M. Kirkwood, and Hassane M. Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Hussein A. Tawbi, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Qing Zhao, Blanca H. Moreno, Scott Ebbinghaus, and Nageatte Ibrahim, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ
| | - Hussein A. Tawbi
- Diwakar Davar, Hong Wang, Joe-Marc Chauvin, Ornella Pagliano, Julien J. Fourcade, Mignane Ka, Carmine Menna, Amy Rose, Cindy Sander, Amir A. Borhani, Arivarasan Karunamurthy, John M. Kirkwood, and Hassane M. Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Hussein A. Tawbi, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Qing Zhao, Blanca H. Moreno, Scott Ebbinghaus, and Nageatte Ibrahim, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ
| | - Qing Zhao
- Diwakar Davar, Hong Wang, Joe-Marc Chauvin, Ornella Pagliano, Julien J. Fourcade, Mignane Ka, Carmine Menna, Amy Rose, Cindy Sander, Amir A. Borhani, Arivarasan Karunamurthy, John M. Kirkwood, and Hassane M. Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Hussein A. Tawbi, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Qing Zhao, Blanca H. Moreno, Scott Ebbinghaus, and Nageatte Ibrahim, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ
| | - Blanca H. Moreno
- Diwakar Davar, Hong Wang, Joe-Marc Chauvin, Ornella Pagliano, Julien J. Fourcade, Mignane Ka, Carmine Menna, Amy Rose, Cindy Sander, Amir A. Borhani, Arivarasan Karunamurthy, John M. Kirkwood, and Hassane M. Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Hussein A. Tawbi, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Qing Zhao, Blanca H. Moreno, Scott Ebbinghaus, and Nageatte Ibrahim, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ
| | - Scott Ebbinghaus
- Diwakar Davar, Hong Wang, Joe-Marc Chauvin, Ornella Pagliano, Julien J. Fourcade, Mignane Ka, Carmine Menna, Amy Rose, Cindy Sander, Amir A. Borhani, Arivarasan Karunamurthy, John M. Kirkwood, and Hassane M. Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Hussein A. Tawbi, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Qing Zhao, Blanca H. Moreno, Scott Ebbinghaus, and Nageatte Ibrahim, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ
| | - Nageatte Ibrahim
- Diwakar Davar, Hong Wang, Joe-Marc Chauvin, Ornella Pagliano, Julien J. Fourcade, Mignane Ka, Carmine Menna, Amy Rose, Cindy Sander, Amir A. Borhani, Arivarasan Karunamurthy, John M. Kirkwood, and Hassane M. Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Hussein A. Tawbi, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Qing Zhao, Blanca H. Moreno, Scott Ebbinghaus, and Nageatte Ibrahim, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ
| | - John M. Kirkwood
- Diwakar Davar, Hong Wang, Joe-Marc Chauvin, Ornella Pagliano, Julien J. Fourcade, Mignane Ka, Carmine Menna, Amy Rose, Cindy Sander, Amir A. Borhani, Arivarasan Karunamurthy, John M. Kirkwood, and Hassane M. Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Hussein A. Tawbi, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Qing Zhao, Blanca H. Moreno, Scott Ebbinghaus, and Nageatte Ibrahim, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ
| | - Hassane M. Zarour
- Diwakar Davar, Hong Wang, Joe-Marc Chauvin, Ornella Pagliano, Julien J. Fourcade, Mignane Ka, Carmine Menna, Amy Rose, Cindy Sander, Amir A. Borhani, Arivarasan Karunamurthy, John M. Kirkwood, and Hassane M. Zarour, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Hussein A. Tawbi, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; and Qing Zhao, Blanca H. Moreno, Scott Ebbinghaus, and Nageatte Ibrahim, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ
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Mastrangeli R, Palinsky W, Bierau H. How unique is interferon-β within the type I interferon family? Cytokine 2018; 111:206-208. [PMID: 30176558 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
All type I interferons share structural homology and bind to a common heterodimeric receptor consisting of the IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 subunits, which are expressed on most cell types. Although binding to the same receptor pair, they evoke a broad range of activities within the cell affecting the expression of numerous genes and resulting in profound cellular changes. Differential activation results from multiple levels of cellular and molecular events including binding affinity, receptor density, cell type-specific variations, and post-translational modification of signaling molecules downstream. Within the type I interferon family the Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) sequence motif is unique to interferon-β and, together with its deamidated variants Asp-Gly-Arg (DGR) and iso-Asp-Gly-Arg (iso-DGR), imparts additional binding specificities that go beyond that of the canonical IFNAR1/IFNAR2. These warrant further investigations and functional studies and may eventually shed new light on differential effects observed for this molecule in oncology and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Mastrangeli
- Biotech Development Programme, CMC Science & Intelligence, Merck Serono SpA (an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Via Luigi Einaudi, 11, 00012 Guidonia Montecelio (Rome), Italy
| | - Wolf Palinsky
- Biotech Development Programme, Merck Biopharma (an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Zone Industrielle de l'Ouriettaz, Aubonne 1170, Switzerland
| | - Horst Bierau
- Biotech Development Programme, CMC Science & Intelligence, Merck Serono SpA (an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Via Luigi Einaudi, 11, 00012 Guidonia Montecelio (Rome), Italy.
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41
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Ye Z, Dong H, Li Y, Ma T, Huang H, Leong HS, Eckel-Passow J, Kocher JPA, Liang H, Wang L. Prevalent Homozygous Deletions of Type I Interferon and Defensin Genes in Human Cancers Associate with Immunotherapy Resistance. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:3299-3308. [PMID: 29618619 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Homozygous deletions play important roles in carcinogenesis. The genome-wide screening for homozygously deleted genes in many different cancer types with a large number of patient specimens representing the tumor heterogeneity has not been done.Experimental Design: We performed integrative analyses of the copy-number profiles of 10,759 patients across 31 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas project.Results: We found that the type-I interferon, α-, and β-defensin genes were homozygously deleted in 19 cancer types with high frequencies (7%-31%, median = 12%; interquartile range = 10%-16.5%). Patients with homozygous deletion of interferons exhibited significantly shortened overall or disease-free survival time in a number of cancer types, whereas patients with homozygous deletion of defensins did not significantly associate with worse overall or disease-free survival. Gene expression analyses suggested that homozygous deletion of interferon and defensin genes could activate genes involved in oncogenic and cell-cycle pathways but repress other genes involved in immune response pathways, suggesting their roles in promoting tumorigenesis and helping cancer cells evade immune surveillance. Further analysis of the whole exomes of 109 patients with melanoma demonstrated that the homozygous deletion of interferon (P = 0.0029, OR = 11.8) and defensin (P = 0.06, OR = 2.79) genes are significantly associated with resistance to anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy.Conclusions: Our analysis reveals that the homozygous deletion of interferon and defensin genes is prevalent in human cancers, and importantly this feature can be used as a novel prognostic biomarker for immunotherapy resistance. Clin Cancer Res; 24(14); 3299-308. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Ye
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Haidong Dong
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ying Li
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tao Ma
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hon Sing Leong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jeanette Eckel-Passow
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jean-Pierre A Kocher
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Liguo Wang
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Mastrangeli R, D'amici F, D'Acunto CW, Fiumi S, Rossi M, Terlizzese M, Palinsky W, Bierau H. A deamidated interferon-β variant binds to integrin αvβ3. Cytokine 2018; 104:38-41. [PMID: 29414325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human type I interferons are a family of pleiotropic cytokines with antiviral, anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory activities. They signal through the same cell surface receptors IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 yet evoking markedly different physiological effects. One differentiating factor of interferon-beta (IFN-β) from other type I interferons is the presence of theAsn-Gly-Arg (NGR) sequence motif, which, upon deamidation, converts to Asp-Gly-Arg (DGR) and iso-Asp-Gly-Arg (iso-DGR) motifs. In other proteins, the NGR and iso-DGR motifs are reported as CD13- and αvβ3, αvβ5, αvβ6, αvβ8 and α5β1 integrin-binding motifs, respectively. The scope of this study was to perform exploratory surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments to assess the binding properties of a deamidated IFN-β variant to integrins. For this purpose, integrin αvβ3 was selected as a reference model within the iso-DGR- integrin binding members. The obtained results show that deamidated IFN-β binds integrin αvβ3 with nanomolar affinity and that the response was dependent on the deamidation extent. Based on these results, it can be expected that deamidated IFN-β also binds to other integrin family members that are able to bind to the iso-DGR binding motif. The novel binding properties could help elucidate specific IFN-β attributes that under physiological conditions may be modulated by the deamidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Mastrangeli
- Biotech Development Programme, CMC Science & Intelligence, Merck Serono S.p.A. (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Via Luigi Einaudi, 11, 00012 Guidonia Montecelio (Roma), Italy
| | - Fabio D'amici
- Pharmaceutical & Analytical Development Biotech Products, Merck Serono S.p.A. (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Via Luigi Einaudi, 11, 00012 Guidonia Montecelio (Roma), Italy
| | - Cosimo-Walter D'Acunto
- Pharmaceutical & Analytical Development Biotech Products, Merck Serono S.p.A. (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Via Luigi Einaudi, 11, 00012 Guidonia Montecelio (Roma), Italy
| | - Sabrina Fiumi
- Pharmaceutical & Analytical Development Biotech Products, Merck Serono S.p.A. (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Via Luigi Einaudi, 11, 00012 Guidonia Montecelio (Roma), Italy
| | - Mara Rossi
- Pharmaceutical & Analytical Development Biotech Products, Merck Serono S.p.A. (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Via Luigi Einaudi, 11, 00012 Guidonia Montecelio (Roma), Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Terlizzese
- Pharmaceutical & Analytical Development Biotech Products, Merck Serono S.p.A. (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Via Luigi Einaudi, 11, 00012 Guidonia Montecelio (Roma), Italy
| | - Wolf Palinsky
- Biotech Development Programme, Merck Biopharma (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Zone Industrielle de l'Ouriettaz, Aubonne 1170, Switzerland
| | - Horst Bierau
- Biotech Development Programme, CMC Science & Intelligence, Merck Serono S.p.A. (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Via Luigi Einaudi, 11, 00012 Guidonia Montecelio (Roma), Italy.
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Linehan MM, Dickey TH, Molinari ES, Fitzgerald ME, Potapova O, Iwasaki A, Pyle AM. A minimal RNA ligand for potent RIG-I activation in living mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:e1701854. [PMID: 29492454 PMCID: PMC5821489 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We have developed highly potent synthetic activators of the vertebrate immune system that specifically target the RIG-I receptor. When introduced into mice, a family of short, triphosphorylated stem-loop RNAs (SLRs) induces a potent interferon response and the activation of specific genes essential for antiviral defense. Using RNA sequencing, we provide the first in vivo genome-wide view of the expression networks that are initiated upon RIG-I activation. We observe that SLRs specifically induce type I interferons, subsets of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), and cellular remodeling factors. By contrast, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], which binds and activates multiple RNA sensors, induces type III interferons and several unique ISGs. The short length (10 to 14 base pairs) and robust function of SLRs in mice demonstrate that RIG-I forms active signaling complexes without oligomerizing on RNA. These findings demonstrate that SLRs are potent therapeutic and investigative tools for targeted modulation of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thayne H. Dickey
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Emanuela S. Molinari
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Megan E. Fitzgerald
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Olga Potapova
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Anna M. Pyle
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Jablonska J, Lang S, Sionov RV, Granot Z. The regulation of pre-metastatic niche formation by neutrophils. Oncotarget 2017; 8:112132-112144. [PMID: 29340117 PMCID: PMC5762385 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a multistep process requiring tumor cell detachment from the primary tumor and migration to target organs through the lymphatic or blood circulatory systems. Specific organs are predisposed to metastases in certain cancers and the formation of supportive metastatic microenvironment determines tumor cell homing. Such an environment is provided by a pre-metastatic niche that is formed through the recruitment of bone marrow-derived myeloid cells, however the mechanisms of its formation are not fully understood. Recent evidence suggests that the primary tumor itself modulates the environment of secondary organs prior to tumor cell dissemination. The contribution of neutrophils to the formation of the pre-metastatic niche is getting growing attention. Obviously, neutrophils can affect the development of metastasis in two contradicting ways, by either stimulation or inhibition of this process, depending on the activation status. Pro-tumor neutrophils actively support metastasis formation by different mechanisms, including the formation of pre-metastatic niche, tumor cell attraction, and the direct support of tumor cell proliferation. Moreover, suppressive neutrophils, which are the granulocytic arm of MDSC, promote tumor progression by dampening anti-tumor T cell immunity. On the other hand, anti-tumor neutrophils can inhibit metastasis formation by the cytotoxicity towards tumor cells in the circulation or at the pre-metastatic site, and even via stimulation of T cell proliferation. Apparently, the regulation of the pro- or anti-tumor neutrophil properties has significant implications on metastatic spread in the host. Here we provide an up to date overview of the different roles neutrophils play in regulating the metastatic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Jablonska
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Lang
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ronit Vogt Sionov
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zvi Granot
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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45
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cGAS/STING Pathway in Cancer: Jekyll and Hyde Story of Cancer Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112456. [PMID: 29156566 PMCID: PMC5713423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed enormous growth in the field of cancer immunity. Mechanistic insights of cancer immunoediting have not only enhanced our understanding but also paved the way to target and/or harness the innate immune system to combat cancer, called cancer immunotherapy. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/Stimulator of interferon genes(STING) pathway has recently emerged as nodal player in cancer immunity and is currently being explored as potential therapeutic target. Although therapeutic activation of this pathway has shown promising anti-tumor effects in vivo, evidence also indicates the role of this pathway in inflammation mediated carcinogenesis. This review highlights our current understanding of cGAS/STING pathway in cancer, its therapeutic targeting and potential alternate approaches to target this pathway. Optimal therapeutic targeting and artificial tunability of this pathway still demand in depth understanding of cGAS/STING pathway regulation and homeostasis.
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46
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Psarras A, Emery P, Vital EM. Type I interferon-mediated autoimmune diseases: pathogenesis, diagnosis and targeted therapy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:1662-1675. [PMID: 28122959 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are a group of molecules with pleiotropic effects on the immune system forming a crucial link between innate and adaptive immune responses. Apart from their important role in antiviral immunity, IFN-Is are increasingly recognized as key players in autoimmune CTDs such as SLE. Novel therapies that target IFN-I appear effective in SLE in early trials, but effectiveness is related to the presence of IFN-I biomarkers. IFN-I biomarkers may also act as positive or negative predictors of response to other biologics. Despite the high failure rate of clinical trials in SLE, subgroups of patients often respond better. Fully optimizing the potential of these agents is therefore likely to require stratification of patients using IFN-I and other biomarkers. This suggests the unified concept of type I IFN-mediated autoimmune diseases as a grouping including patients with a variety of different traditional diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Psarras
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Edward M Vital
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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47
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Baird JR, Monjazeb AM, Shah O, McGee H, Murphy WJ, Crittenden MR, Gough MJ. Stimulating Innate Immunity to Enhance Radiation Therapy-Induced Tumor Control. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017; 99:362-373. [PMID: 28871985 PMCID: PMC5604475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel ligands that target Toll-like receptors and other innate recognition pathways represent a potent strategy for modulating innate immunity to generate antitumor immunity. Although many of the current clinically successful immunotherapies target adaptive T-cell responses, both preclinical and clinical studies suggest that adjuvants have the potential to enhance the scope and efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Radiation may be a particularly good partner to combine with innate immune therapies, because it is a highly efficient means to kill cancer cells but may fail to send the appropriate inflammatory signals needed to act as an efficient endogenous vaccine. This may explain why although radiation therapy is a highly used cancer treatment, true abscopal effects-regression of disease outside the field without additional systemic therapy-are extremely rare. This review focuses on efforts to combine innate immune stimuli as adjuvants with radiation, creating a distinct and complementary approach from T cell-targeted therapies to enhance antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Baird
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Arta M Monjazeb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California; Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Omid Shah
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Heather McGee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - William J Murphy
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Marka R Crittenden
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, Oregon; The Oregon Clinic, Portland, Oregon
| | - Michael J Gough
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, Portland, Oregon.
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48
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Medrano RF, Hunger A, Mendonça SA, Barbuto JAM, Strauss BE. Immunomodulatory and antitumor effects of type I interferons and their application in cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71249-71284. [PMID: 29050360 PMCID: PMC5642635 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, the pleiotropic antitumor functions exerted by type I interferons (IFNs) have become universally acknowledged, especially their role in mediating interactions between the tumor and the immune system. Indeed, type I IFNs are now appreciated as a critical component of dendritic cell (DC) driven T cell responses to cancer. Here we focus on IFN-α and IFN-β, and their antitumor effects, impact on immune responses and their use as therapeutic agents. IFN-α/β share many properties, including activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and induction of a variety of cellular phenotypes. For example, type I IFNs drive not only the high maturation status of DCs, but also have a direct impact in cytotoxic T lymphocytes, NK cell activation, induction of tumor cell death and inhibition of angiogenesis. A variety of stimuli, including some standard cancer treatments, promote the expression of endogenous IFN-α/β, which then participates as a fundamental component of immunogenic cell death. Systemic treatment with recombinant protein has been used for the treatment of melanoma. The induction of endogenous IFN-α/β has been tested, including stimulation through pattern recognition receptors. Gene therapies involving IFN-α/β have also been described. Thus, harnessing type I IFNs as an effective tool for cancer therapy continues to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruan F.V. Medrano
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo/LIM 24, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Hunger
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo/LIM 24, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samir Andrade Mendonça
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo/LIM 24, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre M. Barbuto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center, NUCEL-NETCEM, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bryan E. Strauss
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo/LIM 24, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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Shore ND, Boorjian SA, Canter DJ, Ogan K, Karsh LI, Downs TM, Gomella LG, Kamat AM, Lotan Y, Svatek RS, Bivalacqua TJ, Grubb RL, Krupski TL, Lerner SP, Woods ME, Inman BA, Milowsky MI, Boyd A, Treasure FP, Gregory G, Sawutz DG, Yla-Herttuala S, Parker NR, Dinney CPN. Intravesical rAd-IFNα/Syn3 for Patients With High-Grade, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-Refractory or Relapsed Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Phase II Randomized Study. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:3410-3416. [PMID: 28834453 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.72.3064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Many patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) are either refractory to bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment or may experience disease relapse. We assessed the efficacy and safety of recombinant adenovirus interferon alfa with Syn3 (rAd-IFNα/Syn3), a replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus gene transfer vector, for patients with high-grade (HG) BCG-refractory or relapsed NMIBC. Methods In this open-label, multicenter (n = 13), parallel-arm, phase II study ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01687244), 43 patients with HG BCG-refractory or relapsed NMIBC received intravesical rAd-IFNα/Syn3 (randomly assigned 1:1 to 1 × 1011 viral particles (vp)/mL or 3 × 1011 vp/mL). Patients who responded at months 3, 6, and 9 were retreated at months 4, 7, and 10. The primary end point was 12-month HG recurrence-free survival (RFS). All patients who received at least one dose were included in efficacy and safety analyses. Results Forty patients received rAd-IFNα/Syn3 (1 × 1011 vp/mL, n = 21; 3 × 1011 vp/mL, n = 19) between November 5, 2012, and April 8, 2015. Fourteen patients (35.0%; 90% CI, 22.6% to 49.2%) remained free of HG recurrence 12 months after initial treatment. Comparable 12-month HG RFS was noted for both doses. Of these 14 patients, two experienced recurrence at 21 and 28 months, respectively, after treatment initiation, and one died as a result of an upper tract tumor at 17 months without a recurrence. rAd-IFNα/Syn3 was well tolerated; no grade four or five adverse events (AEs) occurred, and no patient discontinued treatment because of an adverse event. The most frequently reported drug-related AEs were micturition urgency (n = 16; 40%), dysuria (n = 16; 40%), fatigue (n = 13; 32.5%), pollakiuria (n = 11; 28%), and hematuria and nocturia (n = 10 each; 25%). Conclusion rAd-IFNα/Syn3 was well tolerated. It demonstrated promising efficacy for patients with HG NMIBC after BCG therapy who were unable or unwilling to undergo radical cystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal D Shore
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stephen A Boorjian
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Daniel J Canter
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kenneth Ogan
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lawrence I Karsh
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tracy M Downs
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leonard G Gomella
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ashish M Kamat
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yair Lotan
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Robert S Svatek
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Trinity J Bivalacqua
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Robert L Grubb
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tracey L Krupski
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seth P Lerner
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Michael E Woods
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Brant A Inman
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matthew I Milowsky
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alan Boyd
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - F Peter Treasure
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Gillian Gregory
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - David G Sawutz
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Yla-Herttuala
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nigel R Parker
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Colin P N Dinney
- Neal D. Shore, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC; Stephen A. Boorjian, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Daniel J. Canter, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth Ogan, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Lawrence I. Karsh, The Urology Center of Colorado, Denver, CO; Tracy M. Downs, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Leonard G. Gomella, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Ashish M. Kamat and Colin P.N. Dinney, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Seth P. Lerner, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Yair Lotan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Robert S. Svatek, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Robert L. Grubb III, Washington University, St Louis, MO; Tracey L. Krupski, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Michael E. Woods and Matthew I. Milowsky, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Brant A. Inman, Duke University, Durham, NC; Alan Boyd, Alan Boyd Consultants, Cottenham; F. Peter Treasure, Peter Treasure Statistical Services, King's Lynn, United Kingdom; Gillian Gregory, David G. Sawutz, and Nigel R. Parker, FKD Therapies Oy; and Seppo Yla-Herttuala, A.I. Virtanen Institute University of Eastern Finland and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio, Finland
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50
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Iwamura T, Narumi H, Suzuki T, Yanai H, Mori K, Yamashita K, Tsushima Y, Asano T, Izawa A, Momen S, Nishimura K, Tsuchiyama H, Uchida M, Yamashita Y, Okano K, Taniguchi T. Novel pegylated interferon-β as strong suppressor of the malignant ascites in a peritoneal metastasis model of human cancer. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:581-589. [PMID: 28129467 PMCID: PMC5406538 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant ascites manifests as an end‐stage event during the progression of a number of cancers and lacks a generally accepted standard therapy. Interferon‐β (IFN‐β) has been used to treat several cancer indications; however, little is known about the efficacy of IFN‐β on malignant ascites. In the present study, we report on the development of a novel, engineered form of human and murine IFN‐β, each conjugated with a polyethylene glycol molecule (PEG‐hIFN‐β and PEG‐mIFN‐β, respectively). We provide evidence that these IFN‐β molecules retain anti‐viral potency comparable to unmodified IFN‐β in vitro and manifested improved pharmacokinetics in vivo. Interestingly, PEG‐mIFN‐β significantly inhibited the accumulation of ascites fluid and vascular permeability of the peritoneal membrane in models of ovarian cancer and gastric cancer cell xenograft mice. We further show that PEG‐hIFN‐β directly suppresses VEGF165‐induced hyperpermeability in a monolayer of human vascular endothelial cells and that PEG‐mIFN‐β enhanced gene expression for a number of cell adhesion related molecules in mouse vascular endothelial cells. Taken together, these findings unveil a hitherto unrecognized potential of IFN‐β in maintaining vascular integrity, and provide proof‐of‐mechanism for a novel and long‐acting pegylated hIFN‐β for the therapeutic treatment of malignant ascites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokatsu Iwamura
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Toray Industries, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Narumi
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Toray Industries, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Suzuki
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Toray Industries, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yanai
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Mori
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Toray Industries, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Yamashita
- Pharmaceuticals Technical Development Department, Toray Industries, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tsushima
- Pharmaceuticals Technical Development Department, Toray Industries, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomomi Asano
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Toray Industries, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Izawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Toray Industries, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinobu Momen
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Toray Industries, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nishimura
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Toray Industries, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tsuchiyama
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Toray Industries, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Uchida
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Toray Industries, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamashita
- Pharmaceuticals Technical Development Department, Toray Industries, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Okano
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Toray Industries, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tadatsugu Taniguchi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Max Planck-The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, Tokyo, Japan
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