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Sun M, Phan JM, Kieswetter NS, Huang H, Yu KKQ, Smith MT, Liu YE, Wang C, Gupta S, Obermoser G, Maecker HT, Krishnan A, Suresh S, Gupta N, Rieck M, Acs P, Ghanizada M, Chiou SH, Khatri P, Boom WH, Hawn TR, Stein CM, Mayanja-Kizza H, Davis MM, Seshadri C. Specific CD4 + T cell phenotypes associate with bacterial control in people who 'resist' infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:1411-1421. [PMID: 38997431 PMCID: PMC11291275 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01897-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
A subset of individuals exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) that we refer to as 'resisters' (RSTR) show evidence of IFN-γ- T cell responses to Mtb-specific antigens despite serially negative results on clinical testing. Here we found that Mtb-specific T cells in RSTR were clonally expanded, confirming the priming of adaptive immune responses following Mtb exposure. RSTR CD4+ T cells showed enrichment of TH17 and regulatory T cell-like functional programs compared to Mtb-specific T cells from individuals with latent Mtb infection. Using public datasets, we showed that these TH17 cell-like functional programs were associated with lack of progression to active tuberculosis among South African adolescents with latent Mtb infection and with bacterial control in nonhuman primates. Our findings suggested that RSTR may successfully control Mtb following exposure and immune priming and established a set of T cell biomarkers to facilitate further study of this clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sun
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jolie M Phan
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nathan S Kieswetter
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Huang Huang
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Krystle K Q Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Malisa T Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yiran E Liu
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chuanqi Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medicine Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sanjana Gupta
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gerlinde Obermoser
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Holden Terry Maecker
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Akshaya Krishnan
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sundari Suresh
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Neha Gupta
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mary Rieck
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter Acs
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mustafa Ghanizada
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shin-Heng Chiou
- Division of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - W Henry Boom
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas R Hawn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine M Stein
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Mark M Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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2
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Kar R, Chattopadhyay S, Sharma A, Sharma K, Sinha S, Arimbasseri GA, Patil VS. Single-cell transcriptomic and T cell antigen receptor analysis of human cytomegalovirus (hCMV)-specific memory T cells reveals effectors and pre-effectors of CD8 +- and CD4 +-cytotoxic T cells. Immunology 2024; 172:420-439. [PMID: 38501302 PMCID: PMC7616077 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Latent human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) infection can pose a serious threat of reactivation and disease occurrence in immune-compromised individuals. Although T cells are at the core of the protective immune response to hCMV infection, a detailed characterization of different T cell subsets involved in hCMV immunity is lacking. Here, in an unbiased manner, we characterized over 8000 hCMV-reactive peripheral memory T cells isolated from seropositive human donors, at a single-cell resolution by analysing their single-cell transcriptomes paired with the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) repertoires. The hCMV-reactive T cells were highly heterogeneous and consisted of different developmental and functional memory T cell subsets such as, long-term memory precursors and effectors, T helper-17, T regulatory cells (TREGs) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) of both CD4 and CD8 origin. The hCMV-specific TREGs, in addition to being enriched for molecules known for their suppressive functions, showed enrichment for the interferon response signature gene sets. The hCMV-specific CTLs were of two types, the pre-effector- and effector-like. The co-clustering of hCMV-specific CD4-CTLs and CD8-CTLs in both pre-effector as well as effector clusters suggest shared transcriptomic signatures between them. The huge TCR clonal expansion of cytotoxic clusters suggests a dominant role in the protective immune response to CMV. The study uncovers the heterogeneity in the hCMV-specific memory T cells revealing many functional subsets with potential implications in better understanding of hCMV-specific T cell immunity. The data presented can serve as a knowledge base for designing vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raunak Kar
- Immunogenomics Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Blood Bank, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kirti Sharma
- Immunogenomics Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shreya Sinha
- Immunogenomics Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Veena S. Patil
- Immunogenomics Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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3
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Ogongo P, Wassie L, Tran A, Columbus D, Sharling L, Ouma G, Ouma SG, Bobosha K, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Gandhi NR, Auld SC, Rengarajan J, Day CL, Altman JD, Blumberg HM, Ernst JD. Rare Variable M. tuberculosis Antigens induce predominant Th17 responses in human infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.05.583634. [PMID: 38496518 PMCID: PMC10942433 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.05.583634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
CD4 T cells are essential for immunity to M. tuberculosis (Mtb), and emerging evidence indicates that IL-17-producing Th17 cells contribute to immunity to Mtb. While identifying protective T cell effector functions is important for TB vaccine design, T cell antigen specificity is also likely to be important. To identify antigens that induce protective immunity, we reasoned that as in other pathogens, effective immune recognition drives sequence diversity in individual Mtb antigens. We previously identified Mtb genes under evolutionary diversifying selection pressure whose products we term Rare Variable Mtb Antigens (RVMA). Here, in two distinct human cohorts with recent exposure to TB, we found that RVMA preferentially induce CD4 T cells that express RoRγt and produce IL-17, in contrast to 'classical' Mtb antigens that induce T cells that produce IFNγ. Our results suggest that RVMA can be valuable antigens in vaccines for those already infected with Mtb to amplify existing antigen-specific Th17 responses to prevent TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ogongo
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Liya Wassie
- Mycobacterial Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Anthony Tran
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Devin Columbus
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Sharling
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory Ouma
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Samuel Gurrion Ouma
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Kidist Bobosha
- Mycobacterial Disease Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Neel R. Gandhi
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sara C. Auld
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jyothi Rengarajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Day
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John D. Altman
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Henry M. Blumberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel D. Ernst
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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4
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Tippalagama R, Chihab LY, Kearns K, Lewis S, Panda S, Willemsen L, Burel JG, Lindestam Arlehamn CS. Antigen-specificity measurements are the key to understanding T cell responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127470. [PMID: 37122719 PMCID: PMC10140422 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific T cells play a central role in the adaptive immune response and come in a wide range of phenotypes. T cell receptors (TCRs) mediate the antigen-specificities found in T cells. Importantly, high-throughput TCR sequencing provides a fingerprint which allows tracking of specific T cells and their clonal expansion in response to particular antigens. As a result, many studies have leveraged TCR sequencing in an attempt to elucidate the role of antigen-specific T cells in various contexts. Here, we discuss the published approaches to studying antigen-specific T cells and their specific TCR repertoire. Further, we discuss how these methods have been applied to study the TCR repertoire in various diseases in order to characterize the antigen-specific T cells involved in the immune control of disease.
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5
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Parween F, Singh SP, Zhang HH, Kathuria N, Otaizo-Carrasquero FA, Shamsaddini A, Gardina PJ, Ganesan S, Kabat J, Lorenzi HA, Myers TG, Farber JM. Chemokine positioning determines mutually exclusive roles for their receptors in extravasation of pathogenic human T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.25.525561. [PMID: 36789428 PMCID: PMC9928044 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.25.525561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory T cells co-express multiple chemokine receptors, but the distinct functions of individual receptors on these cells are largely unknown. Human Th17 cells uniformly express the chemokine receptor CCR6, and we discovered that the subgroup of CD4+CCR6+ cells that co-express CCR2 possess a pathogenic Th17 signature, can produce inflammatory cytokines independent of TCR activation, and are unusually efficient at transendothelial migration (TEM). The ligand for CCR6, CCL20, was capable of binding to activated endothelial cells (ECs) and inducing firm arrest of CCR6+CCR2+ cells under conditions of flow - but CCR6 could not mediate TEM. By contrast, CCL2 and other ligands for CCR2, despite being secreted from both luminal and basal sides of ECs, failed to bind to the EC surfaces - and CCR2 could not mediate arrest. Nonetheless, CCR2 was required for TEM. To understand if CCR2's inability to mediate arrest was due solely to an absence of EC-bound ligands, we generated a CCL2-CXCL9 chimeric chemokine that could bind to the EC surface. Although display of CCL2 on the ECs did indeed lead to CCR2-mediated arrest of CCR6+CCR2+ cells, activating CCR2 with surface-bound CCL2 blocked TEM. We conclude that mediating arrest and TEM are mutually exclusive activities of chemokine receptors and/or their ligands that depend, respectively, on chemokines that bind to the EC luminal surfaces versus non-binding chemokines that form transendothelial gradients under conditions of flow. Our findings provide fundamental insights into mechanisms of lymphocyte extravasation and may lead to novel strategies to block or enhance their migration into tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Parween
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Satya P. Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongwei H Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Nausheen Kathuria
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Francisco A. Otaizo-Carrasquero
- Research Technologies Branch, Genomic Technologies, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Amirhossein Shamsaddini
- Research Technologies Branch, Genomic Technologies, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul J. Gardina
- Research Technologies Branch, Genomic Technologies, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Sundar Ganesan
- Research Technologies Branch, Biological Imaging, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Research Technologies Branch, Biological Imaging, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Hernan A. Lorenzi
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Timothy G. Myers
- Research Technologies Branch, Genomic Technologies, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
| | - Joshua M. Farber
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA
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6
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Biggs CM, Cordeiro-Santanach A, Prykhozhij SV, Deveau AP, Lin Y, Del Bel KL, Orben F, Ragotte RJ, Saferali A, Mostafavi S, Dinh L, Dai D, Weinacht KG, Dobbs K, Ott de Bruin L, Sharma M, Tsai K, Priatel JJ, Schreiber RA, Rozmus J, Hosking MC, Shopsowitz KE, McKinnon ML, Vercauteren S, Seear M, Notarangelo LD, Lynn FC, Berman JN, Turvey SE. Human JAK1 gain of function causes dysregulated myelopoeisis and severe allergic inflammation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e150849. [PMID: 36546480 PMCID: PMC9869972 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary atopic disorders are a group of inborn errors of immunity that skew the immune system toward severe allergic disease. Defining the biology underlying these extreme monogenic phenotypes reveals shared mechanisms underlying common polygenic allergic disease and identifies potential drug targets. Germline gain-of-function (GOF) variants in JAK1 are a cause of severe atopy and eosinophilia. Modeling the JAK1GOF (p.A634D) variant in both zebrafish and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) revealed enhanced myelopoiesis. RNA-Seq of JAK1GOF human whole blood, iPSCs, and transgenic zebrafish revealed a shared core set of dysregulated genes involved in IL-4, IL-13, and IFN signaling. Immunophenotypic and transcriptomic analysis of patients carrying a JAK1GOF variant revealed marked Th cell skewing. Moreover, long-term ruxolitinib treatment of 2 children carrying the JAK1GOF (p.A634D) variant remarkably improved their growth, eosinophilia, and clinical features of allergic inflammation. This work highlights the role of JAK1 signaling in atopic immune dysregulation and the clinical impact of JAK1/2 inhibition in treating eosinophilic and allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Biggs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Adam P. Deveau
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Yi Lin
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kate L. Del Bel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Felix Orben
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert J. Ragotte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aabida Saferali
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara Mostafavi
- Department of Medical Genetics and
- Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Louie Dinh
- Department of Medical Genetics and
- Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Darlene Dai
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katja G. Weinacht
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa Ott de Bruin
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mehul Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin Tsai
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - John J. Priatel
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Richard A. Schreiber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jacob Rozmus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin C.K. Hosking
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin E. Shopsowitz
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | | | | | - Michael Seear
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Luigi D. Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Francis C. Lynn
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jason N. Berman
- CHEO Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart E. Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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7
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Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Benson B, Kuan R, Dill-McFarland KA, Peterson GJ, Paul S, Nguyen FK, Gilman RH, Saito M, Taplitz R, Arentz M, Goss CH, Aitken ML, Horne DJ, Shah JA, Sette A, Hawn TR. T-cell deficiency and hyperinflammatory monocyte responses associate with Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1016038. [PMID: 36263044 PMCID: PMC9574438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological mechanisms of susceptibility to nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease are poorly understood. To understand NTM pathogenesis, we evaluated innate and antigen-specific adaptive immune responses to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in asymptomatic individuals with a previous history of MAC lung disease (MACDZ). We hypothesized that Mav-specific immune responses are associated with susceptibility to MAC lung disease. We measured MAC-, NTM-, or MAC/Mtb-specific T-cell responses by cytokine production, expression of surface markers, and analysis of global gene expression in 27 MACDZ individuals and 32 healthy controls. We also analyzed global gene expression in Mycobacterium avium-infected and uninfected peripheral blood monocytes from 17 MACDZ and 17 healthy controls. We were unable to detect increased T-cell responses against MAC-specific reagents in MACDZ compared to controls, while the responses to non-mycobacteria derived antigens were preserved. MACDZ individuals had a lower frequency of Th1 and Th1* T-cell populations. In addition, MACDZ subjects had lower transcriptional responses in PBMCs stimulated with a mycobacterial peptide pool (MTB300). By contrast, global gene expression analysis demonstrated upregulation of proinflammatory pathways in uninfected and M. avium-infected monocytes, i.e. a hyperinflammatory in vitro response, derived from MACDZ subjects compared to controls. Together, these data suggest a novel immunologic defect which underlies MAC pathogenesis and includes concurrent innate and adaptive dysregulation which persists years after completion of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia S. Lindestam Arlehamn
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Cecilia S. Lindestam Arlehamn,
| | - Basilin Benson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rebecca Kuan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Glenna J. Peterson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sinu Paul
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Felicia K. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Robert H. Gilman
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Randy Taplitz
- Department of Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Matthew Arentz
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- FIND, the global alliance for diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christopher H. Goss
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Moira L. Aitken
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - David J. Horne
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Javeed A. Shah
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Thomas R. Hawn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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8
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Meermeier EW, Zheng CL, Tran JG, Soma S, Worley AH, Weiss DI, Modlin RL, Swarbrick G, Karamooz E, Khuzwayo S, Wong EB, Gold MC, Lewinsohn DM. Human lung-resident mucosal-associated invariant T cells are abundant, express antimicrobial proteins, and are cytokine responsive. Commun Biol 2022; 5:942. [PMID: 36085311 PMCID: PMC9463188 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03823-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells are an innate-like T cell subset that recognize a broad array of microbial pathogens, including respiratory pathogens. Here we investigate the transcriptional profile of MAIT cells localized to the human lung, and postulate that MAIT cells may play a role in maintaining homeostasis at this mucosal barrier. Using the MR1/5-OP-RU tetramer, we identified MAIT cells and non-MAIT CD8+ T cells in lung tissue not suitable for transplant from human donors. We used RNA-sequencing of MAIT cells compared to non-MAIT CD8+ T cells to define the transcriptome of MAIT cells in the human lung. We show that, as a population, lung MAIT cells are polycytotoxic, secrete the directly antimicrobial molecule IL-26, express genes associated with persistence, and selectively express cytokine and chemokine- related molecules distinct from other lung-resident CD8+ T cells, such as interferon-γ- and IL-12- receptors. These data highlight MAIT cells' predisposition to rapid pro-inflammatory cytokine responsiveness and antimicrobial mechanisms in human lung tissue, concordant with findings of blood-derived counterparts, and support a function for MAIT cells as early sensors in the defense of respiratory barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin W Meermeier
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Christina L Zheng
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jessica G Tran
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Shogo Soma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Aneta H Worley
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - David I Weiss
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Swarbrick
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Elham Karamooz
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Sharon Khuzwayo
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Emily B Wong
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marielle C Gold
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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9
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Ataide MA, Knöpper K, Cruz de Casas P, Ugur M, Eickhoff S, Zou M, Shaikh H, Trivedi A, Grafen A, Yang T, Prinz I, Ohlsen K, Gomez de Agüero M, Beilhack A, Huehn J, Gaya M, Saliba AE, Gasteiger G, Kastenmüller W. Lymphatic migration of unconventional T cells promotes site-specific immunity in distinct lymph nodes. Immunity 2022; 55:1813-1828.e9. [PMID: 36002023 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic transport of molecules and migration of myeloid cells to lymph nodes (LNs) continuously inform lymphocytes on changes in drained tissues. Here, using LN transplantation, single-cell RNA-seq, spectral flow cytometry, and a transgenic mouse model for photolabeling, we showed that tissue-derived unconventional T cells (UTCs) migrate via the lymphatic route to locally draining LNs. As each tissue harbored a distinct spectrum of UTCs with locally adapted differentiation states and distinct T cell receptor repertoires, every draining LN was thus populated by a distinctive tissue-determined mix of these lymphocytes. By making use of single UTC lineage-deficient mouse models, we found that UTCs functionally cooperated in interconnected units and generated and shaped characteristic innate and adaptive immune responses that differed between LNs that drained distinct tissues. Lymphatic migration of UTCs is, therefore, a key determinant of site-specific immunity initiated in distinct LNs with potential implications for vaccination strategies and immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Ataide
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Konrad Knöpper
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paulina Cruz de Casas
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Milas Ugur
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Eickhoff
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mangge Zou
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Haroon Shaikh
- Department of Medicine II and Pediatrics, Würzburg University Hospital, ZEMM, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Apurwa Trivedi
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Department of Immunology, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Anika Grafen
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Systems Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Knut Ohlsen
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mercedes Gomez de Agüero
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Department of Medicine II and Pediatrics, Würzburg University Hospital, ZEMM, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mauro Gaya
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Department of Immunology, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Gasteiger
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kastenmüller
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.
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10
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Nathan A, Asgari S, Ishigaki K, Valencia C, Amariuta T, Luo Y, Beynor JI, Baglaenko Y, Suliman S, Price AL, Lecca L, Murray MB, Moody DB, Raychaudhuri S. Single-cell eQTL models reveal dynamic T cell state dependence of disease loci. Nature 2022; 606:120-128. [PMID: 35545678 PMCID: PMC9842455 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-coding genetic variants may cause disease by modulating gene expression. However, identifying these expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) is complicated by differences in gene regulation across fluid functional cell states within cell types. These states-for example, neurotransmitter-driven programs in astrocytes or perivascular fibroblast differentiation-are obscured in eQTL studies that aggregate cells1,2. Here we modelled eQTLs at single-cell resolution in one complex cell type: memory T cells. Using more than 500,000 unstimulated memory T cells from 259 Peruvian individuals, we show that around one-third of 6,511 cis-eQTLs had effects that were mediated by continuous multimodally defined cell states, such as cytotoxicity and regulatory capacity. In some loci, independent eQTL variants had opposing cell-state relationships. Autoimmune variants were enriched in cell-state-dependent eQTLs, including risk variants for rheumatoid arthritis near ORMDL3 and CTLA4; this indicates that cell-state context is crucial to understanding potential eQTL pathogenicity. Moreover, continuous cell states explained more variation in eQTLs than did conventional discrete categories, such as CD4+ versus CD8+, suggesting that modelling eQTLs and cell states at single-cell resolution can expand insight into gene regulation in functionally heterogeneous cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Nathan
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samira Asgari
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kazuyoshi Ishigaki
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristian Valencia
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiffany Amariuta
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Luo
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica I Beynor
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuriy Baglaenko
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Suliman
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alkes L Price
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonid Lecca
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Megan B Murray
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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11
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Foreman TW, Nelson CE, Kauffman KD, Lora NE, Vinhaes CL, Dorosky DE, Sakai S, Gomez F, Fleegle JD, Parham M, Perera SR, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Sette A, Brenchley JM, Queiroz ATL, Andrade BB, Kabat J, Via LE, Barber DL. CD4 T cells are rapidly depleted from tuberculosis granulomas following acute SIV co-infection. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110896. [PMID: 35649361 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV/Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) co-infected individuals have an increased risk of tuberculosis prior to loss of peripheral CD4 T cells, raising the possibility that HIV co-infection leads to CD4 T cell depletion in lung tissue before it is evident in blood. Here, we use rhesus macaques to study the early effects of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) co-infection on pulmonary granulomas. Two weeks after SIV inoculation of Mtb-infected macaques, Mtb-specific CD4 T cells are dramatically depleted from granulomas, before CD4 T cell loss in blood, airways, and lymph nodes, or increases in bacterial loads or radiographic evidence of disease. Spatially, CD4 T cells are preferentially depleted from the granuloma core and cuff relative to B cell-rich regions. Moreover, live imaging of granuloma explants show that intralesional CD4 T cell motility is reduced after SIV co-infection. Thus, granuloma CD4 T cells may be decimated before many co-infected individuals experience the first symptoms of acute HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor W Foreman
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christine E Nelson
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Keith D Kauffman
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nickiana E Lora
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Caian L Vinhaes
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA 41810-710, Brazil; Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health (EBMSP), Salvador, BA 40296, Brazil
| | - Danielle E Dorosky
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shunsuke Sakai
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Felipe Gomez
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joel D Fleegle
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melanie Parham
- Axle Informatics, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shehan R Perera
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | -
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jason M Brenchley
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Artur T L Queiroz
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA 41810-710, Brazil; Data and Knowledge Integration Center for Health (CIDACS), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, BA 40296, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Andrade
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BA 41810-710, Brazil; Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health (EBMSP), Salvador, BA 40296, Brazil
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laura E Via
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Daniel L Barber
- T lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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12
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Enriquez AB, Sia JK, Dkhar HK, Goh SL, Quezada M, Stallings KL, Rengarajan J. Mycobacterium tuberculosis impedes CD40-dependent notch signaling to restrict Th17 polarization during infection. iScience 2022; 25:104305. [PMID: 35586066 PMCID: PMC9108765 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early Th17 responses are necessary to provide protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Mtb impedes Th17 polarization by restricting CD40 co-stimulatory pathway on dendritic cells (DCs). We previously demonstrated that engaging CD40 on DCs increased Th17 responses. However, the molecular mechanisms that contributed to Th17 polarization were unknown. Here, we identify the Notch ligand DLL4 as necessary for Th17 polarization and demonstrate that Mtb limits DLL4 on DCs to prevent optimal Th17 responses. Although Mtb infection induced only low levels of DLL4, engaging CD40 on DCs increased DLL4 expression. Antibody blockade of DLL4 on DCs reduced Th17 polarization in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we show that the Mtb Hip1 protease attenuates DLL4 expression on lung DCs by impeding CD40 signaling. Overall, our results demonstrate that Mtb impedes CD40-dependent DLL4 expression to restrict Th17 responses and identify the CD40-DLL4 pathways as targets for developing new Th17-inducing vaccines and adjuvants for tuberculosis. Mtb restricts Th17 responses by impairing CD40 signaling on dendritic cells Engaging CD40 on DCs increases Notch ligand Dll4 transcript and surface expression DLL4 is necessary for polarizing Th17 and multifunctional T cells in the lungs of mice Mtb impairs CD40/DLL4 pathway through the Hip1 serine protease immune evasion protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Enriquez
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jonathan Kevin Sia
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hedwin Kitdorlang Dkhar
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Shu Ling Goh
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Melanie Quezada
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | | | - Jyothi Rengarajan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Corresponding author
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13
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Martínez-Pérez A, Estévez O, González-Fernández Á. Contribution and Future of High-Throughput Transcriptomics in Battling Tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:835620. [PMID: 35283833 PMCID: PMC8908424 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While Tuberculosis (TB) infection remains a serious challenge worldwide, big data and “omic” approaches have greatly contributed to the understanding of the disease. Transcriptomics have been used to tackle a wide variety of queries including diagnosis, treatment evolution, latency and reactivation, novel target discovery, vaccine response or biomarkers of protection. Although a powerful tool, the elevated cost and difficulties in data interpretation may hinder transcriptomics complete potential. Technology evolution and collaborative efforts among multidisciplinary groups might be key in its exploitation. Here, we discuss the main fields explored in TB using transcriptomics, and identify the challenges that need to be addressed for a real implementation in TB diagnosis, prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Martínez-Pérez
- Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-GS), Vigo, Spain
| | - Olivia Estévez
- Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-GS), Vigo, Spain
| | - África González-Fernández
- Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.,Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-GS), Vigo, Spain
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14
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Schmiedel BJ, Gonzalez-Colin C, Fajardo V, Rocha J, Madrigal A, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Bhattacharyya S, Simon H, Greenbaum JA, Peters B, Seumois G, Ay F, Chandra V, Vijayanand P. Single-cell eQTL analysis of activated T cell subsets reveals activation and cell type-dependent effects of disease-risk variants. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabm2508. [PMID: 35213211 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abm2508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The impact of genetic variants on cells challenged in biologically relevant contexts has not been fully explored. Here, we activated CD4+ T cells from 89 healthy donors and performed a single-cell RNA sequencing assay with >1 million cells to examine cell type-specific and activation-dependent effects of genetic variants. Single-cell expression quantitative trait loci (sc-eQTL) analysis of 19 distinct CD4+ T cell subsets showed that the expression of over 4000 genes is significantly associated with common genetic polymorphisms and that most of these genes show their most prominent effects in specific cell types. These genes included many that encode for molecules important for activation, differentiation, and effector functions of T cells. We also found new gene associations for disease-risk variants identified from genome-wide association studies and highlighted the cell types in which their effects are most prominent. We found that biological sex has a major influence on activation-dependent gene expression in CD4+ T cell subsets. Sex-biased transcripts were significantly enriched in several pathways that are essential for the initiation and execution of effector functions by CD4+ T cells like TCR signaling, cytokines, cytokine receptors, costimulatory, apoptosis, and cell-cell adhesion pathways. Overall, this DICE (Database of Immune Cell Expression, eQTLs, and Epigenomics) subproject highlights the power of sc-eQTL studies for simultaneously exploring the activation and cell type-dependent effects of common genetic variants on gene expression (https://dice-database.org).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristian Gonzalez-Colin
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Genomic Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Job Rocha
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Center for Genomic Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Hayley Simon
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vivek Chandra
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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15
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Singhania A, Dubelko P, Kuan R, Chronister WD, Muskat K, Das J, Phillips EJ, Mallal SA, Seumois G, Vijayanand P, Sette A, Lerm M, Peters B, Lindestam Arlehamn C. CD4+CCR6+ T cells dominate the BCG-induced transcriptional signature. EBioMedicine 2021; 74:103746. [PMID: 34902786 PMCID: PMC8671872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The century-old Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) remains the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB). Despite this, there is still a lot to learn about the immune response induced by BCG, both in terms of phenotype and specificity. METHODS We investigated immune responses in adult individuals pre and 8 months post BCG vaccination. We specifically determined changes in gene expression, cell subset composition, DNA methylome, and the TCR repertoire induced in PBMCs and CD4 memory T cells associated with antigen stimulation by either BCG or a Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-derived peptide pool. FINDINGS Following BCG vaccination, we observed increased frequencies of CCR6+ CD4 T cells, which includes both Th1* (CXCR3+CCR6+) and Th17 subsets, and mucosal associated invariant T cells (MAITs). A large number of immune response genes and pathways were upregulated post BCG vaccination with similar patterns observed in both PBMCs and memory CD4 T cells, thus suggesting a substantial role for CD4 T cells in the cellular response to BCG. These upregulated genes and associated pathways were also reflected in the DNA methylome. We described both qualitative and quantitative changes in the BCG-specific TCR repertoire post vaccination, and importantly found evidence for similar TCR repertoires across different subjects. INTERPRETATION The immune signatures defined herein can be used to track and further characterize immune responses induced by BCG, and can serve as reference for benchmarking novel vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akul Singhania
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paige Dubelko
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rebecca Kuan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - William D Chronister
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kaylin Muskat
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jyotirmoy Das
- Division of Infection and Inflammation, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth J Phillips
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Simon A Mallal
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Grégory Seumois
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maria Lerm
- Division of Infection and Inflammation, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cecilia Lindestam Arlehamn
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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16
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Enriquez AB, Izzo A, Miller SM, Stewart EL, Mahon RN, Frank DJ, Evans JT, Rengarajan J, Triccas JA. Advancing Adjuvants for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Therapeutics. Front Immunol 2021; 12:740117. [PMID: 34759923 PMCID: PMC8572789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.740117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide due to a single infectious disease agent. BCG, the only licensed vaccine against TB, offers limited protection against pulmonary disease in children and adults. TB vaccine research has recently been reinvigorated by new data suggesting alternative administration of BCG induces protection and a subunit/adjuvant vaccine that provides close to 50% protection. These results demonstrate the need for generating adjuvants in order to develop the next generation of TB vaccines. However, development of TB-targeted adjuvants is lacking. To help meet this need, NIAID convened a workshop in 2020 titled “Advancing Vaccine Adjuvants for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Therapeutics”. In this review, we present the four areas identified in the workshop as necessary for advancing TB adjuvants: 1) correlates of protective immunity, 2) targeting specific immune cells, 3) immune evasion mechanisms, and 4) animal models. We will discuss each of these four areas in detail and summarize what is known and what we can advance on in order to help develop more efficacious TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Enriquez
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Angelo Izzo
- Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shannon M Miller
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Erica L Stewart
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert N Mahon
- Division of AIDS, Columbus Technologies & Services Inc., Contractor to National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniel J Frank
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jay T Evans
- Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Jyothi Rengarajan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - James A Triccas
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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17
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BCG-induced immunity profiles in household contacts of leprosy patients differentiate between protection and disease. Vaccine 2021; 39:7230-7237. [PMID: 34688497 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae leading to irreversible disabilities along with social exclusion. Leprosy is a spectral disease for which the clinical outcome after M. leprae infection is determined by host factors. The spectrum spans from anti-inflammatory T helper-2 (Th2) immunity concomitant with large numbers of bacteria as well as antibodies against M. leprae antigens in multibacillary (MB) leprosy, to paucibacillary (PB) leprosy characterised by strong pro-inflammatory, Th1 as well as Th17 immunity. Despite decades of availability of adequate antibiotic treatment, transmission of M. leprae is unabated. Since individuals with close and frequent contact with untreated leprosy patients are particularly at risk to develop the disease themselves, prophylactic strategies currently focus on household contacts of newly diagnosed patients. It has been shown that BCG (re)vaccination can reduce the risk of leprosy. However, BCG immunoprophylaxis in contacts of leprosy patients has also been reported to induce PB leprosy, indicating that BCG (re)vaccination may tip the balance between protective immunity and overactivation immunity causing skin/nerve tissue damage. In order to identify who is at risk of developing PB leprosy after BCG vaccination, amongst individuals who are chronically exposed to M. leprae, we analyzed innate and adaptive immune markers in whole blood of household contacts of newly diagnosed leprosy patients in Bangladesh, some of which received BCG vaccination. As controls, individuals from the same area without known contact with leprosy patients were similarly assessed. Our data show the added effect of BCG vaccination on immune markers on top of the effect already induced by M. leprae exposure. Moreover, we identified BCG-induced markers that differentiate between protective and disease prone immunity in those contacts.
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18
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Tippalagama R, Singhania A, Dubelko P, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Crinklaw A, Pomaznoy M, Seumois G, deSilva AD, Premawansa S, Vidanagama D, Gunasena B, Goonawardhana NDS, Ariyaratne D, Scriba TJ, Gilman RH, Saito M, Taplitz R, Vijayanand P, Sette A, Peters B, Burel JG. HLA-DR Marks Recently Divided Antigen-Specific Effector CD4 T Cells in Active Tuberculosis Patients. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:523-533. [PMID: 34193602 PMCID: PMC8516689 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Upon Ag encounter, T cells can rapidly divide and form an effector population, which plays an important role in fighting acute infections. In humans, little is known about the molecular markers that distinguish such effector cells from other T cell populations. To address this, we investigated the molecular profile of T cells present in individuals with active tuberculosis (ATB), where we expect Ag encounter and expansion of effector cells to occur at higher frequency in contrast to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-sensitized healthy IGRA+ individuals. We found that the frequency of HLA-DR+ cells was increased in circulating CD4 T cells of ATB patients, and was dominantly expressed in M. tuberculosis Ag-specific CD4 T cells. We tested and confirmed that HLA-DR is a marker of recently divided CD4 T cells upon M. tuberculosis Ag exposure using an in vitro model examining the response of resting memory T cells from healthy IGRA+ to Ags. Thus, HLA-DR marks a CD4 T cell population that can be directly detected ex vivo in human peripheral blood, whose frequency is increased during ATB disease and contains recently divided Ag-specific effector T cells. These findings will facilitate the monitoring and study of disease-specific effector T cell responses in the context of ATB and other infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Tippalagama
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Akul Singhania
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Paige Dubelko
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Austin Crinklaw
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Mikhail Pomaznoy
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gregory Seumois
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Aruna D deSilva
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Bandu Gunasena
- National Hospital for Respiratory Diseases, Welisara, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Dinuka Ariyaratne
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Randy Taplitz
- Department of Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; and
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA;
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Julie G Burel
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA;
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19
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Nathan A, Beynor JI, Baglaenko Y, Suliman S, Ishigaki K, Asgari S, Huang CC, Luo Y, Zhang Z, Lopez K, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Ernst JD, Jimenez J, Calderón RI, Lecca L, Van Rhijn I, Moody DB, Murray MB, Raychaudhuri S. Multimodally profiling memory T cells from a tuberculosis cohort identifies cell state associations with demographics, environment and disease. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:781-793. [PMID: 34031617 PMCID: PMC8162307 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multimodal T cell profiling can enable more precise characterization of elusive cell states underlying disease. Here, we integrated single-cell RNA and surface protein data from 500,089 memory T cells to define 31 cell states from 259 individuals in a Peruvian tuberculosis (TB) progression cohort. At immune steady state >4 years after infection and disease resolution, we found that, after accounting for significant effects of age, sex, season and genetic ancestry on T cell composition, a polyfunctional type 17 helper T (TH17) cell-like effector state was reduced in abundance and function in individuals who previously progressed from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection to active TB disease. These cells are capable of responding to M.tb peptides. Deconvoluting this state-uniquely identifiable with multimodal analysis-from public data demonstrated that its depletion may precede and persist beyond active disease. Our study demonstrates the power of integrative multimodal single-cell profiling to define cell states relevant to disease and other traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Nathan
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica I Beynor
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuriy Baglaenko
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Suliman
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kazuyoshi Ishigaki
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samira Asgari
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chuan-Chin Huang
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Luo
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zibiao Zhang
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kattya Lopez
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Joel D Ernst
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Roger I Calderón
- Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru
- Programa Acadêmico de Tuberculose, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonid Lecca
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan B Murray
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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20
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Ogongo P, Tezera LB, Ardain A, Nhamoyebonde S, Ramsuran D, Singh A, Ng’oepe A, Karim F, Naidoo T, Khan K, Dullabh KJ, Fehlings M, Lee BH, Nardin A, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Sette A, Behar SM, Steyn AJ, Madansein R, Kløverpris HN, Elkington PT, Leslie A. Tissue-resident-like CD4+ T cells secreting IL-17 control Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the human lung. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:142014. [PMID: 33848273 PMCID: PMC8121523 DOI: 10.1172/jci142014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell immunity is essential for the control of tuberculosis (TB), an important disease of the lung, and is generally studied in humans using peripheral blood cells. Mounting evidence, however, indicates that tissue-resident memory T cells (Trms) are superior at controlling many pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), and can be quite different from those in circulation. Using freshly resected lung tissue, from individuals with active or previous TB, we identified distinct CD4+ and CD8+ Trm-like clusters within TB-diseased lung tissue that were functional and enriched for IL-17-producing cells. M. tuberculosis-specific CD4+ T cells producing TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-17 were highly expanded in the lung compared with matched blood samples, in which IL-17+ cells were largely absent. Strikingly, the frequency of M. tuberculosis-specific lung T cells making IL-17, but not other cytokines, inversely correlated with the plasma IL-1β levels, suggesting a potential link with disease severity. Using a human granuloma model, we showed the addition of either exogenous IL-17 or IL-2 enhanced immune control of M. tuberculosis and was associated with increased NO production. Taken together, these data support an important role for M. tuberculosis-specific Trm-like, IL-17-producing cells in the immune control of M. tuberculosis in the human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ogongo
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Liku B. Tezera
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Ardain
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Shepherd Nhamoyebonde
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Alveera Singh
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Farina Karim
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Taryn Naidoo
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Khadija Khan
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kaylesh J. Dullabh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Samuel M. Behar
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adrie J.C. Steyn
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology and
- Center for AIDS Research and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rajhmun Madansein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Henrik N. Kløverpris
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul T. Elkington
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Kushnareva Y, Mathews IT, Andreyev AY, Altay G, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Pandurangan V, Nilsson R, Jain M, Sette A, Peters B, Sharma S. Functional Analysis of Immune Signature Genes in Th1* Memory Cells Links ISOC1 and Pyrimidine Metabolism to IFN-γ and IL-17 Production. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:1181-1193. [PMID: 33547171 PMCID: PMC7946769 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CCR6+CXCR3+CCR4-CD4+ memory T cells, termed Th1*, are important for long-term immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Th1* cells express a unique set of lineage-specific transcription factors characteristic of both Th1 and Th17 cells and display distinct gene expression profiles compared with other CD4+ T cell subsets. To examine molecules and signaling pathways important for the effector function of Th1* cells, we performed loss-of-function screening of genes selectively enriched in the Th1* subset. The genetic screen yielded candidates whose depletion significantly impaired TCR-induced IFN-γ production. These included genes previously linked to IFN-γ or M. tuberculosis susceptibility and novel candidates, such as ISOC1, encoding a metabolic enzyme of unknown function in mammalian cells. ISOC1-depleted T cells, which produced less IFN-γ and IL-17, displayed defects in oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis and impairment of pyrimidine metabolic pathway. Supplementation with extracellular pyrimidines rescued both bioenergetics and IFN-γ production in ISOC1-deficient T cells, indicating that pyrimidine metabolism is a key driver of effector functions in CD4+ T cells and Th1* cells. Results provide new insights into the immune-stimulatory function of ISOC1 as well as the particular metabolic requirements of human memory T cells, providing a novel resource for understanding long-term T cell-driven responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian T Mathews
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Alexander Y Andreyev
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Gokmen Altay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | | | | | | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Sonia Sharma
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037;
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22
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Morgan J, Muskat K, Tippalagama R, Sette A, Burel J, Lindestam Arlehamn CS. Classical CD4 T cells as the cornerstone of antimycobacterial immunity. Immunol Rev 2021; 301:10-29. [PMID: 33751597 PMCID: PMC8252593 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a significant health problem without an effective vaccine to combat it. A thorough understanding of the immune response and correlates of protection is needed to develop a more efficient vaccine. The immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is complex and involves all aspects of the immune system, however, the optimal protective, non‐pathogenic T cell response against Mtb is still elusive. This review will focus on discussing CD4 T cell immunity against mycobacteria and its importance in Mtb infection with a primary focus on human studies. We will in particular discuss the large heterogeneity of immune cell subsets that have been revealed by recent immunological investigations at an unprecedented level of detail. These studies have identified specific classical CD4 T cell subsets important for immune responses against Mtb in various states of infection. We further discuss the functional attributes that have been linked to the various subsets such as upregulation of activation markers and cytokine production. Another important topic to be considered is the antigenic targets of Mtb‐specific immune responses, and how antigen reactivity is influenced by both disease state and environmental exposure(s). These are key points for both vaccines and immune diagnostics development. Ultimately, these factors are holistically considered in the definition and investigations of what are the correlates on protection and resolution of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Morgan
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kaylin Muskat
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rashmi Tippalagama
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Julie Burel
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
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23
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Panwar B, Schmiedel BJ, Liang S, White B, Rodriguez E, Kalunian K, McKnight AJ, Soloff R, Seumois G, Vijayanand P, Ay F. Multi-cell type gene coexpression network analysis reveals coordinated interferon response and cross-cell type correlations in systemic lupus erythematosus. Genome Res 2021; 31:659-676. [PMID: 33674349 PMCID: PMC8015858 DOI: 10.1101/gr.265249.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an incurable autoimmune disease disproportionately affecting women. A major obstacle in finding targeted therapies for SLE is its remarkable heterogeneity in clinical manifestations as well as in the involvement of distinct cell types. To identify cell-specific targets as well as cross-correlation relationships among expression programs of different cell types, we here analyze six major circulating immune cell types from SLE patient blood. Our results show that presence of an interferon response signature stratifies patients into two distinct groups (IFNneg vs. IFNpos). Comparing these two groups using differential gene expression and differential gene coexpression analysis, we prioritize a relatively small list of genes from classical monocytes including two known immune modulators: TNFSF13B/BAFF (target of belimumab, an approved therapeutic for SLE) and IL1RN (the basis of anakinra, a therapeutic for rheumatoid arthritis). We then develop a multi-cell type extension of the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) framework, termed mWGCNA. Applying mWGCNA to RNA-seq data from six sorted immune cell populations (15 SLE, 10 healthy donors), we identify a coexpression module with interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) among all cell types and a cross-cell type correlation linking expression of specific T helper cell markers to B cell response as well as to TNFSF13B expression from myeloid cells, all of which in turn correlates with disease severity of IFNpos patients. Our results demonstrate the power of a hypothesis-free and data-driven approach to discover drug targets and to reveal novel cross-correlation across cell types in SLE with implications for other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Panwar
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | - Shu Liang
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Brandie White
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Enrique Rodriguez
- Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Research, Incorporated, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Kenneth Kalunian
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Andrew J McKnight
- Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Research, Incorporated, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Rachel Soloff
- Kyowa Kirin Pharmaceutical Research, Incorporated, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Gregory Seumois
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Ferhat Ay
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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24
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Genome-wide association study of resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection identifies a locus at 10q26.2 in three distinct populations. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009392. [PMID: 33661925 PMCID: PMC7963100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural history of tuberculosis (TB) is characterized by a large inter-individual outcome variability after exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Specifically, some highly exposed individuals remain resistant to M. tuberculosis infection, as inferred by tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs). We performed a genome-wide association study of resistance to M. tuberculosis infection in an endemic region of Southern Vietnam. We enrolled household contacts (HHC) of pulmonary TB cases and compared subjects who were negative for both TST and IGRA (n = 185) with infected individuals (n = 353) who were either positive for both TST and IGRA or had a diagnosis of TB. We found a genome-wide significant locus on chromosome 10q26.2 with a cluster of variants associated with strong protection against M. tuberculosis infection (OR = 0.42, 95%CI 0.35–0.49, P = 3.71×10−8, for the genotyped variant rs17155120). The locus was replicated in a French multi-ethnic HHC cohort and a familial admixed cohort from a hyper-endemic area of South Africa, with an overall OR for rs17155120 estimated at 0.50 (95%CI 0.45–0.55, P = 1.26×10−9). The variants are located in intronic regions and upstream of C10orf90, a tumor suppressor gene which encodes an ubiquitin ligase activating the transcription factor p53. In silico analysis showed that the protective alleles were associated with a decreased expression in monocytes of the nearby gene ADAM12 which could lead to an enhanced response of Th17 lymphocytes. Our results reveal a novel locus controlling resistance to M. tuberculosis infection across different populations. There is strong epidemiological evidence that a proportion of highly exposed individuals remain resistant to M. tuberculosis infection, as shown by a negative result for Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) or IFN-γ Release Assays (IGRAs). We performed a genome-wide association study between resistant and infected individuals, which were carefully selected employing a household contact design to maximize exposure by infectious index patients. We employed stringently defined concordant results for both TST and IGRA assays to avoid misclassifications. We discovered a locus at 10q26.2 associated with resistance to M. tuberculosis infection in a Vietnamese discovery cohort. This locus could be replicated in two independent cohorts from different epidemiological settings and of diverse ancestries enrolled in France and South Africa.
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25
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Hassman LM, Paley MA, Esaulova E, Paley GL, Ruzycki PA, Linskey N, Laurent J, Feigl-Lenzen L, Springer L, Montana CL, Hong K, Enright J, James H, Artyomov MN, Yokoyama WM. Clinicomolecular Identification of Conserved and Individualized Features of Granulomatous Uveitis. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2021; 1:100010. [PMID: 35937550 PMCID: PMC9352144 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2021.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To identify molecular features that distinguish individuals with shared clinical features of granulomatous uveitis. Design Cross-sectional, observational study. Participants Four eyes from patients with active granulomatous uveitis. Methods We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing with antigen-receptor sequence analysis to obtain an unbiased gene expression survey of ocular immune cells and identify clonally expanded lymphocytes. Main Outcomes Measures For each inflamed eye, we measured the proportion of distinct immune cell types, the amount of B or T cell clonal expansion, and the transcriptional profile of T and B cells. Results Each individual had robust clonal expansion arising from a single T or B cell lineage, suggesting distinct, antigen-driven pathogenic processes in each patient. This variability in clonal expansion was mirrored by individual variability in CD4 T cell populations, whereas ocular CD8 T cells and B cells were more transcriptionally similar between patients. Finally, ocular B cells displayed evidence of class-switching and plasmablast differentiation within the ocular microenvironment, providing additional support for antigen-driven immune responses in granulomatous uveitis. Conclusions Collectively, our study identified both conserved and individualized features of granulomatous uveitis, illuminating parallel pathophysiologic mechanisms, and suggesting that future personalized therapeutic approaches may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M. Hassman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael A. Paley
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ekaterina Esaulova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Grace L. Paley
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Philip A. Ruzycki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nicole Linskey
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jennifer Laurent
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lacey Feigl-Lenzen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Luke Springer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Cynthia L. Montana
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Karen Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jennifer Enright
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Hayley James
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Maxim N. Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Wayne M. Yokoyama
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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26
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Seumois G, Ramírez-Suástegui C, Schmiedel BJ, Liang S, Peters B, Sette A, Vijayanand P. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of allergen-specific T cells in allergy and asthma. Sci Immunol 2021; 5:5/48/eaba6087. [PMID: 32532832 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aba6087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T helper (TH) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells that respond to common allergens play an important role in driving and dampening airway inflammation in patients with asthma. Until recently, direct, unbiased molecular analysis of allergen-reactive TH and Treg cells has not been possible. To better understand the diversity of these T cell subsets in allergy and asthma, we analyzed the single-cell transcriptome of ~50,000 house dust mite (HDM) allergen-reactive TH cells and Treg cells from asthmatics with HDM allergy and from three control groups: asthmatics without HDM allergy and nonasthmatics with and without HDM allergy. Our analyses show that HDM allergen-reactive TH and Treg cells are highly heterogeneous and certain subsets are quantitatively and qualitatively different in individuals with HDM-reactive asthma. The number of interleukin-9 (IL-9)-expressing HDM-reactive TH cells is greater in asthmatics with HDM allergy compared with nonasthmatics with HDM allergy, and this IL-9-expressing TH subset displays enhanced pathogenic properties. More HDM-reactive TH and Treg cells expressing the interferon response signature (THIFNR and TregIFNR) are present in asthmatics without HDM allergy compared with those with HDM allergy. In cells from these subsets (THIFNR and TregIFNR), expression of TNFSF10 was enriched; its product, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, dampens activation of TH cells. These findings suggest that the THIFNR and TregIFNR subsets may dampen allergic responses, which may help explain why only some people develop TH2 responses to nearly ubiquitous allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Seumois
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | | | | | - Shu Liang
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO166YD, UK
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27
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Barreto-Duarte B, Sterling TR, Fiske CT, Almeida A, Nochowicz CH, Smith RM, Barnett L, Warren C, Blackman A, Lapa e Silva JR, Andrade BB, Kalams SA. Increased Frequency of Memory CD4+ T-Cell Responses in Individuals With Previously Treated Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:605338. [PMID: 33391271 PMCID: PMC7774017 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.605338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) occurs with increased frequency in persons with underlying immunodeficiency. Even after recovery from acute illness, differences in immune phenotype and activation persist. Studies defining characteristics of immune responses after recovery from extrapulmonary TB may provide insights into factors that increase TB risk. We performed two case-control studies (in the United States and Brazil) among HIV-seronegative adults with previous EPTB (n = 9; 25), previous pulmonary TB (n = 7; 25), latent M. tuberculosis (Mtb) infection (n = 11; 25), and uninfected TB contacts (n = 10; 25). We assessed the frequency of dual CD4+ interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α responses after stimulation with overlapping Mtb peptides from ESAT-6 or CFP-10, or gamma-irradiated Mtb H37Rv, proliferative responses to Mtb antigens, T-regulatory cell (Treg) frequency and phenotype. In both study populations, individuals with prior EPTB had the highest frequency of intracellular cytokine-producing cells in response to Mtb antigens (p < 0.05; p <.0001). Persons with prior EPTB in Brazil had the highest levels of CD4 proliferation to Mtb antigens (p < 0.0001), and the highest expression of CD39 on Tregs (p < 0.0001). Individuals with treated EPTB maintained high frequencies of Mtb-specific memory responses and active Treg cells, suggesting that susceptibility to EPTB occurs despite the ability to develop and maintain enhanced adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Barreto-Duarte
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Laureate Universities, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Timothy R. Sterling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Tuberculosis Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Christina T. Fiske
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Tuberculosis Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Alexandre Almeida
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cynthia H. Nochowicz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Tuberculosis Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rita M. Smith
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Tuberculosis Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Louise Barnett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Tuberculosis Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Christian Warren
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Tuberculosis Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Amondrea Blackman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Tuberculosis Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Bruno B. Andrade
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Laureate Universities, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Centro Universitário Faculdades de Tecnologia e Ciências (UniFTC), Salvador, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Spyros A. Kalams
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Tuberculosis Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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28
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Kuan R, Muskat K, Peters B, Lindestam Arlehamn CS. Is mapping the BCG vaccine-induced immune responses the key to improving the efficacy against tuberculosis? J Intern Med 2020; 288:651-660. [PMID: 33210407 PMCID: PMC9432460 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the century-old Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) has been re-evaluated for its capacity to stem the global tide of TB. There is increasing evidence that the efficacy of BCG can be improved by the modified administration methods and schedules. Here, we first discuss recent approaches of vaccine administration, revaccination or boosting that have been used to try to improve the efficacy of BCG against TB. We then dive deeper into studies investigating the immune correlates of protection and describe studies that have investigated BCG-specific T-cell responses and the influence of environmental exposures. These studies all highlight that there is still a lot to learn about the immune response induced by BCG, both in terms of phenotype and specificity, which has been surprisingly understudied. We argue that several critical gaps in knowledge exist and must be addressed by future research to rationally improve the efficacy of BCG, including comprehensive, proteome-wide understanding of the epitopes derived from BCG recognized by BCG-vaccinated individuals, the phenotype of responding antigen-specific T cells and how previous exposure to environmental mycobacteria affect these parameters and thus influence vaccine efficacy. The development of modern techniques allows us to answer some of these questions to better understand how BCG works in terms of both protection against TB and the immune response that it triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kuan
- From the, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - K Muskat
- From the, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - B Peters
- From the, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA
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29
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Sidney J, Peters B, Sette A. Epitope prediction and identification- adaptive T cell responses in humans. Semin Immunol 2020; 50:101418. [PMID: 33131981 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epitopes, in the context of T cell recognition, are short peptides typically derived by antigen processing, and presented on the cell surface bound to MHC molecules (HLA molecules in humans) for TCR scrutiny. The identification of epitopes is a context-dependent process, with consideration given to, for example, the source pathogen and protein, the host organism, and state of the immune reaction (e.g., following natural infection, vaccination, etc.). In the following review, we consider the various approaches used to define T cell epitopes, including both bioinformatic and experimental approaches, and discuss the concepts of immunodominance and immunoprevalence. We also discuss HLA polymorphism and epitope restriction, and the resulting impact on the identification of, and potential population coverage afforded by, epitopes or epitope-based vaccines. Finally, some examples of the practical application of T cell epitope identification are provided, showing how epitopes have been valuable for deriving novel immunological insights in the context of the immune response to various pathogens and allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Sidney
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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30
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Healy ZR, Weinhold KJ, Murdoch DM. Transcriptional Profiling of CD8+ CMV-Specific T Cell Functional Subsets Obtained Using a Modified Method for Isolating High-Quality RNA From Fixed and Permeabilized Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1859. [PMID: 32983102 PMCID: PMC7492549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that the presence of antigen-specific polyfunctional T cells is correlated with improved pathogen clearance, disease control, and clinical outcomes; however, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the generation, function, and survival of polyfunctional T cells remain unknown. The study of polyfunctional T cells has been, in part, limited by the need for intracellular cytokine staining (ICS), necessitating fixation and cell membrane permeabilization that leads to unacceptable degradation of RNA. Adopting elements from prior research efforts, we developed and optimized a modified protocol for the isolation of high-quality RNA (i.e., RIN > 7) from primary human T cells following aldehyde-fixation, detergent-based permeabilization, intracellular cytokines staining, and sorting. Additionally, this method also demonstrated utility preserving RNA when staining for transcription factors. This modified protocol utilizes an optimized combination of an RNase inhibitor and high-salt buffer that is cost-effective while maintaining the ability to identify and resolve cell populations for sorting. Overall, this protocol resulted in minimal loss of RNA integrity, quality, and quantity during cytoplasmic staining of cytokines and subsequent flourescence-activated cell sorting. Using this technique, we obtained the transcriptional profiles of functional subsets (i.e., non-functional, monofunctional, bifunctional, polyfunctional) of CMV-specific CD8+T cells. Our analyses demonstrated that these functional subsets are molecularly distinct, and that polyfunctional T cells are uniquely enriched for transcripts involved in viral response, inflammation, cell survival, proliferation, and metabolism when compared to monofunctional cells. Polyfunctional T cells demonstrate reduced activation-induced cell death and increased proliferation after antigen re-challenge. Further in silico analysis of transcriptional data suggested a critical role for STAT5 transcriptional activity in polyfunctional cell activation. Pharmacologic inhibition of STAT5 was associated with a significant reduction in polyfunctional cell cytokine expression and proliferation, demonstrating the requirement of STAT5 activity not only for proliferation and cell survival, but also cytokine expression. Finally, we confirmed this association between CMV-specific CD8+ polyfunctionality with STAT5 signaling also exists in immunosuppressed transplant recipients using single cell transcriptomics, indicating that results from this study may translate to this vulnerable patient population. Collectively, these results shed light on the mechanisms governing polyfunctional T cell function and survival and may ultimately inform multiple areas of immunology, including but not limited to the development of new vaccines, CAR-T cell therapies, and adoptive T cell transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Healy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kent J Weinhold
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - David M Murdoch
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, United States
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31
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Shanmugasundaram U, Bucsan AN, Ganatra SR, Ibegbu C, Quezada M, Blair RV, Alvarez X, Velu V, Kaushal D, Rengarajan J. Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis control associates with CXCR3- and CCR6-expressing antigen-specific Th1 and Th17 cell recruitment. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137858. [PMID: 32554933 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific (M. tuberculosis-specific) T cell responses associated with immune control during asymptomatic latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) remain poorly understood. Using a nonhuman primate aerosol model, we studied the kinetics, phenotypes, and functions of M. tuberculosis antigen-specific T cells in peripheral and lung compartments of M. tuberculosis-infected asymptomatic rhesus macaques by longitudinally sampling blood and bronchoalveolar lavage, for up to 24 weeks postinfection. We found substantially higher frequencies of M. tuberculosis-specific effector and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing IFN-γ in the airways compared with peripheral blood, and these frequencies were maintained throughout the study period. Moreover, M. tuberculosis-specific IL-17+ and IL-17+IFN-γ+ double-positive T cells were present in the airways but were largely absent in the periphery, suggesting that balanced mucosal Th1/Th17 responses are associated with LTBI. The majority of M. tuberculosis-specific CD4+ T cells that homed to the airways expressed the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and coexpressed CCR6. Notably, CXCR3+CD4+ cells were found in granulomatous and nongranulomatous regions of the lung and inversely correlated with M. tuberculosis burden. Our findings provide insights into antigen-specific T cell responses associated with asymptomatic M. tuberculosis infection that are relevant for developing better strategies to control TB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allison N Bucsan
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Shashank R Ganatra
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, USA.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Chris Ibegbu
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Melanie Quezada
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert V Blair
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Xavier Alvarez
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, USA.,Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Vijayakumar Velu
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, USA.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jyothi Rengarajan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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32
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Pomaznoy M, Kuan R, Lindvall M, Burel JG, Seumois G, Vijayanand P, Taplitz R, Gilman RH, Saito M, Lewinsohn DM, Sette A, Peters B, Lindestam Arlehamn CS. Quantitative and Qualitative Perturbations of CD8 + MAITs in Healthy Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Individuals. Immunohorizons 2020; 4:292-307. [PMID: 32499216 PMCID: PMC7543048 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8 T cells are considered important contributors to the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, yet limited information is currently known regarding their specific immune signature and phenotype. In this study, we applied a cell population transcriptomics strategy to define immune signatures of human latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in memory CD8 T cells. We found a 41-gene signature that discriminates between memory CD8 T cells from healthy LTBI subjects and uninfected controls. The gene signature was dominated by genes associated with mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAITs) and reflected the lower frequency of MAITs observed in individuals with LTBI. There was no evidence for a conventional CD8 T cell–specific signature between the two cohorts. We, therefore, investigated MAITs in more detail based on Vα7.2 and CD161 expression and staining with an MHC-related protein 1 (MR1) tetramer. This revealed two distinct populations of CD8+Vα7.2+CD161+ MAITs: MR1 tetramer+ and MR1 tetramer−, which both had distinct gene expression compared with memory CD8 T cells. Transcriptomic analysis of LTBI versus noninfected individuals did not reveal significant differences for MR1 tetramer+ MAITs. However, gene expression of MR1 tetramer− MAITs showed large interindividual diversity and a tuberculosis-specific signature. This was further strengthened by a more diverse TCR-α and -β repertoire of MR1 tetramer− cells as compared with MR1 tetramer+. Thus, circulating memory CD8 T cells in subjects with latent tuberculosis have a reduced number of conventional MR1 tetramer+ MAITs as well as a difference in phenotype in the rare population of MR1 tetramer− MAITs compared with uninfected controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Pomaznoy
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Rebecca Kuan
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Mikaela Lindvall
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Julie G Burel
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Grégory Seumois
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | | - Randy Taplitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205.,Universidad Peruana Caytano Hereida, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205.,Department of Virology, Tohuku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 9808575, Japan
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Department of Medicine, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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33
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Oh DY, Kwek SS, Raju SS, Li T, McCarthy E, Chow E, Aran D, Ilano A, Pai CCS, Rancan C, Allaire K, Burra A, Sun Y, Spitzer MH, Mangul S, Porten S, Meng MV, Friedlander TW, Ye CJ, Fong L. Intratumoral CD4 + T Cells Mediate Anti-tumor Cytotoxicity in Human Bladder Cancer. Cell 2020; 181:1612-1625.e13. [PMID: 32497499 PMCID: PMC7321885 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Responses to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy occur but are infrequent in bladder cancer. The specific T cells that mediate tumor rejection are unknown. T cells from human bladder tumors and non-malignant tissue were assessed with single-cell RNA and paired T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing of 30,604 T cells from 7 patients. We find that the states and repertoires of CD8+ T cells are not distinct in tumors compared with non-malignant tissues. In contrast, single-cell analysis of CD4+ T cells demonstrates several tumor-specific states, including multiple distinct states of regulatory T cells. Surprisingly, we also find multiple cytotoxic CD4+ T cell states that are clonally expanded. These CD4+ T cells can kill autologous tumors in an MHC class II-dependent fashion and are suppressed by regulatory T cells. Further, a gene signature of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in tumors predicts a clinical response in 244 metastatic bladder cancer patients treated with anti-PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Oh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Serena S Kwek
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Siddharth S Raju
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tony Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Elizabeth McCarthy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eric Chow
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Advanced Technologies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dvir Aran
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Arielle Ilano
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Chien-Chun Steven Pai
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Chiara Rancan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kathryn Allaire
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Arun Burra
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Serghei Mangul
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sima Porten
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Maxwell V Meng
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Terence W Friedlander
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Lawrence Fong
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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34
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Wu K, Li M, Chen ZY, Lowrie DB, Fan XY. Probe Signal Values in mRNA Arrays Imply an Excessive Involvement of Neutrophil FCGR1 in Tuberculosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:19. [PMID: 32118006 PMCID: PMC7033432 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The perturbed genes from transcriptomes are often presented in terms of relative expressions against control samples. However, the probe signal values (PSVs) of genes, implying protein abundances, are often ignored. Here, we explored the PSVs in tuberculosis (TB)-relevant signature genes. The signatures from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected THP-1 cells were defined as induced (TMtb-i, with a derived TMtb-iNet) and repressed (TMtb-r). The signature from human blood was defined as a pulmonary TB (PTB)-specific signature (PTBsig). The analysis showed that before infection, TMtb-i and TMtb-iNet had lower PSVs and TMtb-r genes had average PSVs. In the blood of healthy donors, PTBsig (divided into up-regulated PTBsigUp and down-regulated PTBsigDn) displayed average PSVs. This was partly due to masking by the cellular heterogeneity of blood; diverse PSVs were seen in constituent cell populations (CD4/8+ T, monocytes and neutrophils). Specifically, the PSVs of PTBsigUp in the neutrophils of healthy donors were higher (implying higher protein abundances), and much higher in the neutrophils of PTB (implying excessive protein abundances). Based on the PSV patterns of PTBsigUp in four cell populations, we identified three representative highly homologous genes (FCGR1A, FCGR1B, and the pseudogene FCGR1CP, which were often poorly distinguished), of which the summed PSVs were the highest in the neutrophils of PTB patients and healthy donors. The three genes were all up-regulated and responsive to chemotherapy in the blood of PTB, as validated in an RNA-seq-based analysis. This PSV-based study confirms the excessive involvement of neutrophil FCGR1 in PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,TB Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhen-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Douglas B Lowrie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,TB Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Fan
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,TB Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Institute, Shanghai, China
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35
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McLaughlin TA, Khayumbi J, Ongalo J, Tonui J, Campbell A, Allana S, Gurrion Ouma S, Odhiambo FH, Gandhi NR, Day CL. CD4 T Cells in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Schistosoma mansoni Co-infected Individuals Maintain Functional TH1 Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:127. [PMID: 32117277 PMCID: PMC7020828 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a serious public health concern, infecting a quarter of the world and leading to 10 million cases of tuberculosis (TB) disease and 1. 5 million deaths annually. An effective type 1 CD4 T cell (TH1) immune response is necessary to control Mtb infection and defining factors that modulate Mtb-specific TH1 immunity is important to better define immune correlates of protection in Mtb infection. Helminths stimulate type 2 (TH2) immune responses, which antagonize TH1 cells. As such, we sought to evaluate whether co-infection with the parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni (SM) modifies CD4 T cell lineage profiles in a cohort of HIV-uninfected adults in Kisumu, Kenya. Individuals were categorized into six groups by Mtb and SM infection status: healthy controls (HC), latent Mtb infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis (TB), with or without concomitant SM infection. We utilized flow cytometry to evaluate the TH1/TH2 functional and phenotypic lineage state of total CD4 T cells, as well as CD4 T cells specific for the Mtb antigens CFP-10 and ESAT-6. Total CD4 T cell lineage profiles were similar between SM+ and SM− individuals in all Mtb infection groups. Furthermore, in both LTBI and TB groups, SM infection did not impair Mtb-specific TH1 cytokine production. In fact, SM+ LTBI individuals had higher frequencies of IFNγ+ Mtb-specific CD4 T cells than SM− LTBI individuals. Mtb-specific CD4 T cells were characterized by expression of both classical TH1 markers, CXCR3 and T-bet, and TH2 markers, CCR4, and GATA3. The expression of these markers was similar between SM+ and SM− individuals with LTBI. However, SM+ individuals with active TB had significantly higher frequencies of GATA3+ CCR4+ TH1 cytokine+ Mtb-specific CD4 T cells, compared with SM− TB individuals. Together, these data indicate that Mtb-specific TH1 cytokine production capacity is maintained in SM-infected individuals, and that Mtb-specific TH1 cytokine+ CD4 T cells can express both TH1 and TH2 markers. In high pathogen burden settings where co-infection is common and reoccurring, plasticity of antigen-specific CD4 T cell responses may be important in preserving Mtb-specific TH1 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremiah Khayumbi
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Joshua Ongalo
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Joan Tonui
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Angela Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Salim Allana
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Samuel Gurrion Ouma
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | | | - Neel R Gandhi
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Cheryl L Day
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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36
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Seumois G, Vijayanand P. Single-cell analysis to understand the diversity of immune cell types that drive disease pathogenesis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1150-1153. [PMID: 31703762 PMCID: PMC7595676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell next-generation sequencing assays are powerful tools to understand the nature of the immune cells that drive disease pathogenesis. In this brief review we explain the value of performing assays at single-cell resolution to better understand the pathogenesis of allergy, asthma, and other lung diseases. We explain the challenges in performing single-cell studies of airways and lung samples from patients with lung diseases. A major limitation comes from the amount of diseased tissue that can be used for research purposes. Finally, we discuss which sequencing strategies can be used to successfully investigate airway and lung diseases at single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Seumois
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, Calif.
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37
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Jarvela J, Moyer M, Leahy P, Bonfield T, Fletcher D, Mkono WN, Aung H, Canaday DH, Dazard JE, Silver RF. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Induced Bronchoalveolar Lavage Gene Expression Signature in Latent Tuberculosis Infection Is Dominated by Pleiotropic Effects of CD4 + T Cell-Dependent IFN-γ Production despite the Presence of Polyfunctional T Cells within the Airways. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2194-2209. [PMID: 31541022 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a worldwide public health threat. Development of a more effective vaccination strategy to prevent pulmonary TB, the most common and contagious form of the disease, is a research priority for international TB control. A key to reaching this goal is improved understanding of the mechanisms of local immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative organism of TB. In this study, we evaluated global M. tuberculosis-induced gene expression in airway immune cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI) and M. tuberculosis-naive controls. In prior studies, we demonstrated that BAL cells from LTBI individuals display substantial enrichment for M. tuberculosis-responsive CD4+ T cells compared with matched peripheral blood samples. We therefore specifically assessed the impact of the depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells on M. tuberculosis-induced BAL cell gene expression in LTBI. Our studies identified 12 canonical pathways and a 47-gene signature that was both sensitive and specific for the contribution of CD4+ T cells to local recall responses to M. tuberculosis In contrast, depletion of CD8+ cells did not identify any genes that fit our strict criteria for inclusion in this signature. Although BAL CD4+ T cells in LTBI displayed polyfunctionality, the observed gene signature predominantly reflected the impact of IFN-γ production on a wide range of host immune responses. These findings provide a standard for comparison of the efficacy of standard bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination as well as novel TB vaccines now in development at impacting the initial response to re-exposure to M. tuberculosis in the human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Jarvela
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Michelle Moyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Patrick Leahy
- Case Western Reserve University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Tracey Bonfield
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy, and Immunology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - David Fletcher
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy, and Immunology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Wambura N Mkono
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Htin Aung
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
| | - David H Canaday
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
| | - Jean-Eudes Dazard
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Richard F Silver
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106; .,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
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38
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Pejoski D, Ballester M, Auderset F, Vono M, Christensen D, Andersen P, Lambert PH, Siegrist CA. Site-Specific DC Surface Signatures Influence CD4 + T Cell Co-stimulation and Lung-Homing. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1650. [PMID: 31396211 PMCID: PMC6668556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) that drain the gut and skin are known to favor the establishment of T cell populations that home to the original site of DC-antigen (Ag) encounter by providing soluble “imprinting” signals to T cells in the lymph node (LN). To study the induction of lung T cell-trafficking, we used a protein-adjuvant murine intranasal and intramuscular immunization model to compare in vivo-activated Ag+ DCs in the lung and muscle-draining LNs. Higher frequencies of Ag+ CD11b+ DCs were observed in lung-draining mediastinal LNs (MedLN) compared to muscle-draining inguinal LNs (ILN). Ag+ CD11b+ MedLN DCs were qualitatively superior at priming CD4+ T cells, which then expressed CD49a and CXCR3, and preferentially trafficked into the lung parenchyma. CD11b+ DCs from the MedLN expressed higher levels of surface podoplanin, Trem4, GL7, and the known co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, and CD24. Blockade of specific MedLN DC molecules or the use of sorted DC and T cell co-cultures demonstrated that DC surface phenotype influences the ability to prime T cells that then home to the lung. Thus, the density of dLN Ag+ DCs, and DC surface molecule signatures are factors that can influence the output and differentiation of lung-homing CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pejoski
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Ballester
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Floriane Auderset
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Vono
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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39
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Burel JG, Pomaznoy M, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Weiskopf D, da Silva Antunes R, Jung Y, Babor M, Schulten V, Seumois G, Greenbaum JA, Premawansa S, Premawansa G, Wijewickrama A, Vidanagama D, Gunasena B, Tippalagama R, deSilva AD, Gilman RH, Saito M, Taplitz R, Ley K, Vijayanand P, Sette A, Peters B. Circulating T cell-monocyte complexes are markers of immune perturbations. eLife 2019; 8:46045. [PMID: 31237234 PMCID: PMC6592685 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our results highlight for the first time that a significant proportion of cell doublets in flow cytometry, previously believed to be the result of technical artifacts and thus ignored in data acquisition and analysis, are the result of biological interaction between immune cells. In particular, we show that cell:cell doublets pairing a T cell and a monocyte can be directly isolated from human blood, and high resolution microscopy shows polarized distribution of LFA1/ICAM1 in many doublets, suggesting in vivo formation. Intriguingly, T cell-monocyte complex frequency and phenotype fluctuate with the onset of immune perturbations such as infection or immunization, reflecting expected polarization of immune responses. Overall these data suggest that cell doublets reflecting T cell-monocyte in vivo immune interactions can be detected in human blood and that the common approach in flow cytometry to avoid studying cell:cell complexes should be re-visited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie G Burel
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, United States
| | - Mikhail Pomaznoy
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, United States
| | | | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, United States
| | | | - Yunmin Jung
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, United States
| | - Mariana Babor
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, United States
| | - Veronique Schulten
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, United States
| | - Gregory Seumois
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, United States
| | - Jason A Greenbaum
- Bioinformatics core, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, United States
| | - Sunil Premawansa
- Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, Science Faculty, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | - Bandu Gunasena
- National Hospital for Respiratory Diseases, Welisara, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Aruna D deSilva
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, United States.,Genetech Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States.,Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Randy Taplitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
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40
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Weiss DI, Ma F, Merleev AA, Maverakis E, Gilliet M, Balin SJ, Bryson BD, Ochoa MT, Pellegrini M, Bloom BR, Modlin RL. IL-1β Induces the Rapid Secretion of the Antimicrobial Protein IL-26 from Th17 Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:911-921. [PMID: 31235553 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Th17 cells play a critical role in the adaptive immune response against extracellular bacteria, and the possible mechanisms by which they can protect against infection are of particular interest. In this study, we describe, to our knowledge, a novel IL-1β dependent pathway for secretion of the antimicrobial peptide IL-26 from human Th17 cells that is independent of and more rapid than classical TCR activation. We find that IL-26 is secreted 3 hours after treating PBMCs with Mycobacterium leprae as compared with 48 hours for IFN-γ and IL-17A. IL-1β was required for microbial ligand induction of IL-26 and was sufficient to stimulate IL-26 release from Th17 cells. Only IL-1RI+ Th17 cells responded to IL-1β, inducing an NF-κB-regulated transcriptome. Finally, supernatants from IL-1β-treated memory T cells killed Escherichia coli in an IL-26-dependent manner. These results identify a mechanism by which human IL-1RI+ "antimicrobial Th17 cells" can be rapidly activated by IL-1β as part of the innate immune response to produce IL-26 to kill extracellular bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Weiss
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Alexander A Merleev
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Michel Gilliet
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Samuel J Balin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Bryan D Bryson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Maria Teresa Ochoa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Barry R Bloom
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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41
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Kudryavtsev IV, Serebriakova MK, Starshinova AA, Zinchenko YS, Basantsova NY, Belyaeva EN, Pavlova MV, Yablonskiy PK. Altered peripheral blood Th17 and follicular T-helper subsets in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2019. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-2019-2-304-314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common infections worldwide. Eradication of an intracellular pathogen M. tuberculosis requires to induce a Th1 response by activating IFNγ-producing tissue macrophages. Along with Th1 cells, various subsets of Th17 and follicular T-helper cells (Tfh) able to secrete a broad range of cytokines, including IFNγ, can also be involved in eliminating bacterial pathogens. It justified analyzing in this study changes in percentage of various peripheral blood Th subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17 and Tfh cells, in TB patients. For this, major CD3+CD4+ T cell subsets were assessed by using multicolor flow cytometry in TB patients (n = 40) and healthy volunteers (n = 30). It was found that in TB patients vs. control group percentage of peripheral blood CD45RA–CCR7+ central memory (CM) Th was decreased also affecting frequency of some functional T cell subsets, e.g. either lowering Th2 cells (9.11% (6.95; 13.77) vs. 7.21% (5.64; 9.84), p = 0.012) or elevating CCR6+ Th17 subsets (35.92% (27.72; 41.06) vs. 40.39% (35.41; 47.79; p = 0.016), respectively, but not influencing Th1 and Tfh subsets frequencies. Moreover, percentage of total CCR6+ CM Th cells in TB patients vs. control was decreased in CCR4–CXCR3+ Th17.1 cell subset (42.87% (33.64; 49.45) vs. 52.26% (46.45; 56.95), p 0.001), whereas standard CCR4+CXCR3– Th17 and CCR6+ DP Th17 subsets were elevated (p = 0.005 and p = 0.002, respectively). In addition, altered Tfh subset composition associated with the increased (p = 0.021) percentage of CXCR3–CCR6– Tfh2 cells, but decreased CXCR3+CCR6– Tfh1 cells (p = 0.036) was observed. Finally, frequency of peripheral blood Th subsets noted above was also analyzed within effector memory (CD45RA–CCR7–) cells. It was found that in TB patients vs. volunteers frequency of Th17.1 cells was also significantly lower (p = 0.006) in CCR6+ EM Th (54.43% (41.19; 91.92) vs. 61.76% (54.01; 65.63), whereas percentage of double-positive Th17 was significantly increased (20.83% (15.12; 30.87) and 12.93 % (9.80; 19.01), respectively, p 0.001). Thus, it suggests that during M. tuberculosis infection percentage of IFNγ-producing Th17 and Tfh cells was reduced compared to control group also affecting both central memory Th cells patrolling peripheral lymphoid organs as well as effector memory Th cells able to exit to site of infection.
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42
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The Rate of CD4 T Cell Entry into the Lungs during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Is Determined by Partial and Opposing Effects of Multiple Chemokine Receptors. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00841-18. [PMID: 30962399 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00841-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific chemokine receptors utilized by Th1 cells to migrate into the lung during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection are unknown. We previously showed in mice that CXCR3+ Th1 cells enter the lung parenchyma and suppress M. tuberculosis growth, while CX3CR1+ KLRG1+ Th1 cells accumulate in the lung vasculature and are nonprotective. Here we quantify the contributions of these chemokine receptors to the migration and entry rate of Th1 cells into M. tuberculosis-infected lungs using competitive adoptive transfer migration assays and mathematical modeling. We found that in 8.6 h half of M. tuberculosis-specific CD4 T cells migrate from the blood to the lung parenchyma. CXCR3 deficiency decreases the average rate of Th1 cell entry into the lung parenchyma by half, while CX3CR1 deficiency doubles it. KLRG1 blockade has no effect on Th1 cell lung migration. CCR2, CXCR5, and, to a lesser degree, CCR5 and CXCR6 also promote the entry of Th1 cells into the lungs of infected mice. Moreover, blockade of G-protein-coupled receptors with pertussis toxin treatment prior to transfer only partially inhibits T cell migration into the lungs. Thus, the fraction of Th1 cell input into the lungs during M. tuberculosis infection that is regulated by chemokine receptors likely reflects the cumulative effects of multiple chemokine receptors that mostly promote but that can also inhibit entry into the parenchyma.
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43
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Lyadova I, Nikitina I. Cell Differentiation Degree as a Factor Determining the Role for Different T-Helper Populations in Tuberculosis Protection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:972. [PMID: 31134070 PMCID: PMC6517507 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient tuberculosis (TB) control depends on early TB prediction and prevention. Solution to these tasks requires knowledge of TB protection correlates (TB CoPs), i.e., laboratory markers that are mechanistically involved in the protection and which allow to determine how well an individual is protected against TB or how efficient the candidate TB vaccine is. The search for TB CoPs has been largely focused on different T-helper populations, however, the data are controversial, and no reliable CoPs are still known. Here we discuss the role of different T-helper populations in TB protection focusing predominantly on Th17, “non-classical” Th1 (Th1*) and “classical” Th1 (cTh1) populations. We analyze how these populations differ besides their effector activity and suggest the hypothesis that: (i) links the protective potential of Th17, Th1*, and cTh1 to their differentiation degree and plasticity; (ii) implies different roles of these populations in response to vaccination, latent TB infection (LTBI), and active TB. One of the clinically relevant outcomes of this hypothesis is that over-stimulating T cells during vaccination and biasing T cell response toward the preferential generation of Th1 are not beneficial. The review sheds new light on the problem of TB CoPs and will help develop better strategies for TB control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lyadova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Histogenesis, Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Nikitina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Histogenesis, Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
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44
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Burel JG, Babor M, Pomaznoy M, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Khan N, Sette A, Peters B. Host Transcriptomics as a Tool to Identify Diagnostic and Mechanistic Immune Signatures of Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:221. [PMID: 30837989 PMCID: PMC6389658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious disease worldwide, and is associated with several challenges for control and eradication. First, more accurate diagnostic tools that better represent the spectrum of infection states are required; in particular, identify the latent TB infected individuals with high risk of developing active TB. Second, we need to better understand, from a mechanistic point of view, why the immune system is unsuccessful in some cases for control and elimination of the pathogen. Host transcriptomics is a powerful approach to identify both diagnostic and mechanistic immune signatures of diseases. We have recently reported that optimal study design for these two purposes should be guided by different sets of criteria. Here, based on already published transcriptomics signatures of tuberculosis, we further develop these guidelines and identify additional factors to consider for obtaining diagnostic vs. mechanistic signatures in terms of cohorts, samples, data generation and analysis. Diagnostic studies should aim to identify small disease signatures with high discriminatory power across all affected populations, and against similar pathologies to TB. Specific focus should be made on improving the diagnosis of infected individuals at risk of developing active disease. Conversely, mechanistic studies should focus on tissues biopsies, immune relevant cell subsets, state of the art transcriptomic techniques and bioinformatics tools to understand the biological meaning of identified gene signatures that could facilitate therapeutic interventions. Finally, investigators should ensure their data are made publicly available along with complete annotations to facilitate metadata and cross-study analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie G Burel
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mariana Babor
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mikhail Pomaznoy
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Nabeela Khan
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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45
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Sousa J, Saraiva M. Paradigm changing evidence that alter tuberculosis perception and detection: Focus on latency. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 72:78-85. [PMID: 30576838 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a devastating disease to Mankind, ranking as the ninth cause of death worldwide. Eliminating tuberculosis as proven much more difficult than once anticipated. In addition to the delay in diagnosis and drug resistance problems that compromise the efficacy of treatment, the enormous reservoir of latently infected individuals continuously feeds the epidemics. However, targeting latency with prophylactic antibiotic administration is not possible at the populational level. Together, these issues call for a better understanding of latency, as well as for a more precise identification of individuals at high risk of reactivation. For this, recent paradigm changing evidence need to be taken into account, most notably, the existence of a tuberculosis spectrum; the genetic diversity of both humans and tuberculosis-causing bacteria; and the changes in the human population that interfere with tuberculosis. Here we discuss latency in the light of these variables and how that understanding can move forward tuberculosis research and elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Sousa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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46
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Tian Y, da Silva Antunes R, Sidney J, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Grifoni A, Dhanda SK, Paul S, Peters B, Weiskopf D, Sette A. A Review on T Cell Epitopes Identified Using Prediction and Cell-Mediated Immune Models for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Bordetella pertussis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2778. [PMID: 30555469 PMCID: PMC6281829 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present review, we summarize work from our as well as other groups related to the characterization of bacterial T cell epitopes, with a specific focus on two important pathogens, namely, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB), and Bordetella pertussis (BP), the bacterium that causes whooping cough. Both bacteria and their associated diseases are of large societal significance. Although vaccines exist for both pathogens, their efficacy is incomplete. It is widely thought that defects and/or alteration in T cell compartments are associated with limited vaccine effectiveness. As discussed below, a full genome-wide map was performed in the case of Mtb. For BP, our focus has thus far been on the antigens contained in the acellular vaccine; a full genome-wide screen is in the planning stage. Nevertheless, the sum-total of the results in the two different bacterial systems allows us to exemplify approaches and techniques that we believe are generally applicable to the mapping and characterization of human immune responses to bacterial pathogens. Finally, we add, as a disclaimer, that this review by design is focused on the work produced by our laboratory as an illustration of approaches to the study of T cell responses to Mtb and BP, and is not meant to be comprehensive, nor to detract from the excellent work performed by many other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - John Sidney
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Alba Grifoni
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sandeep Kumar Dhanda
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sinu Paul
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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47
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Arrigucci R, Lakehal K, Vir P, Handler D, Davidow AL, Herrera R, Estrada-Guzmán JD, Bushkin Y, Tyagi S, Lardizabal AA, Gennaro ML. Active Tuberculosis Is Characterized by Highly Differentiated Effector Memory Th1 Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2127. [PMID: 30283456 PMCID: PMC6156157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in diagnosing latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI), we still lack a diagnostic test that differentiates LTBI from active tuberculosis (TB) or predicts the risk of progression to active disease. One reason for the absence of such a test may be the failure of current assays to capture the dynamic complexities of the immune responses associated with various stages of TB, since these assays measure only a single parameter (release of IFN-γ) and rely on prolonged (overnight) T cell stimulation. We describe a novel, semi-automated RNA flow cytometry assay to determine whether immunological differences can be identified between LTBI and active TB. We analyzed antigen-induced expression of Th1 cytokine mRNA after short (2- and 6-h) stimulation with antigen, in the context of memory T cell immunophenotyping. IFNG and TNFA mRNA induction was detectable in CD4+ T cells after only 2 h of ex vivo stimulation. Moreover, IFNG- and TNFA-expressing CD4+ T cells (Th1 cells) were more frequent in active TB than in LTBI, a difference that is undetectable with conventional, protein-based cytokine assays. We also found that active TB was associated with higher ratios of effector memory to central memory Th1 cells than LTBI. This effector memory phenotype of active TB was associated with increased T cell differentiation, as defined by loss of the CD27 marker, but not with T cell exhaustion, as determined by PD-1 abundance. These results indicate that single-cell-based, mRNA measurements may help identify time-dependent, quantitative differences in T cell functional status between latent infection and active tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Arrigucci
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Karim Lakehal
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Pooja Vir
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Deborah Handler
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Amy L Davidow
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Rosa Herrera
- Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Mexico
| | | | - Yuri Bushkin
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Alfred A Lardizabal
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
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48
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Coppola M, Ottenhoff TH. Genome wide approaches discover novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens as correlates of infection, disease, immunity and targets for vaccination. Semin Immunol 2018; 39:88-101. [PMID: 30327124 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Every day approximately six thousand people die of Tuberculosis (TB). Its causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is an ancient pathogen that through its evolution developed complex mechanisms to evade immune surveillance and acquire the ability to establish persistent infection in its hosts. Currently, it is estimated that one-fourth of the human population is latently infected with Mtb and among those infected 3-10% are at risk of developing active TB disease during their lifetime. The currently available diagnostics are not able to detect this risk group for prophylactic treatment to prevent transmission. Anti-TB drugs are available but only as long regimens with considerable side effects, which could both be reduced if adequate tests were available to monitor the response of TB to treatment. New vaccines are also urgently needed to substitute or boost Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only approved TB vaccine: although BCG prevents disseminated TB in infants, it fails to impact the incidence of pulmonary TB in adults, and therefore has little effect on TB transmission. To achieve TB eradication, the discovery of Mtb antigens that effectively correlate with the human response to infection, with the curative host response following TB treatment, and with natural as well as vaccine induced protection will be critical. Over the last decade, many new Mtb antigens have been found and proposed as TB biomarkers and vaccine candidates, but only a very small number of these is being used in commercial diagnostic tests or is being assessed as candidate TB vaccine antigens in human clinical trials, aiming to prevent infection, disease or disease recurrence following treatment. Most of these antigens were discovered decades ago, before the complete Mtb genome sequence became available, and thus did not harness the latest insights from post-genomic antigen discovery strategies and genome wide approaches. These have, for example, revealed critical phase variation in Mtb replication and accompanying gene -and therefore antigen- expression patterns. In this review, we present a brief overview of past methodologies, and subsequently focus on the most important recent Mtb antigen discovery studies which have mined the Mtb antigenome through "unbiased" genome wide approaches. We compare the results for these approaches -as far as we know for the first time-, highlight Mtb antigens that have been identified independently by different strategies and present a comprehensive overview of the Mtb antigens thus discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Coppola
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, LUMC, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Tom Hm Ottenhoff
- Dept. Infectious Diseases, LUMC, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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49
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Lee AJ, Chang I, Burel JG, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Mandava A, Weiskopf D, Peters B, Sette A, Scheuermann RH, Qian Y. DAFi: A directed recursive data filtering and clustering approach for improving and interpreting data clustering identification of cell populations from polychromatic flow cytometry data. Cytometry A 2018; 93:597-610. [PMID: 29665244 PMCID: PMC6030426 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Computational methods for identification of cell populations from polychromatic flow cytometry data are changing the paradigm of cytometry bioinformatics. Data clustering is the most common computational approach to unsupervised identification of cell populations from multidimensional cytometry data. However, interpretation of the identified data clusters is labor-intensive. Certain types of user-defined cell populations are also difficult to identify by fully automated data clustering analysis. Both are roadblocks before a cytometry lab can adopt the data clustering approach for cell population identification in routine use. We found that combining recursive data filtering and clustering with constraints converted from the user manual gating strategy can effectively address these two issues. We named this new approach DAFi: Directed Automated Filtering and Identification of cell populations. Design of DAFi preserves the data-driven characteristics of unsupervised clustering for identifying novel cell subsets, but also makes the results interpretable to experimental scientists through mapping and merging the multidimensional data clusters into the user-defined two-dimensional gating hierarchy. The recursive data filtering process in DAFi helped identify small data clusters which are otherwise difficult to resolve by a single run of the data clustering method due to the statistical interference of the irrelevant major clusters. Our experiment results showed that the proportions of the cell populations identified by DAFi, while being consistent with those by expert centralized manual gating, have smaller technical variances across samples than those from individual manual gating analysis and the nonrecursive data clustering analysis. Compared with manual gating segregation, DAFi-identified cell populations avoided the abrupt cut-offs on the boundaries. DAFi has been implemented to be used with multiple data clustering methods including K-means, FLOCK, FlowSOM, and the ClusterR package. For cell population identification, DAFi supports multiple options including clustering, bisecting, slope-based gating, and reversed filtering to meet various autogating needs from different scientific use cases. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Chang
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Julie G. Burel
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California
| | | | | | - Daniela Weiskopf
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Richard H. Scheuermann
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Yu Qian
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California
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Burel JG, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Khan N, Seumois G, Greenbaum JA, Taplitz R, Gilman RH, Saito M, Vijayanand P, Sette A, Peters B. Transcriptomic Analysis of CD4 + T Cells Reveals Novel Immune Signatures of Latent Tuberculosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:3283-3290. [PMID: 29602771 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the context of infectious diseases, cell population transcriptomics are useful to gain mechanistic insight into protective immune responses, which is not possible using traditional whole-blood approaches. In this study, we applied a cell population transcriptomics strategy to sorted memory CD4 T cells to define novel immune signatures of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and gain insight into the phenotype of tuberculosis (TB)-specific CD4 T cells. We found a 74-gene signature that could discriminate between memory CD4 T cells from healthy latently Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected subjects and noninfected controls. The gene signature presented a significant overlap with the gene signature of the Th1* (CCR6+CXCR3+CCR4-) subset of CD4 T cells, which contains the majority of TB-specific reactivity and is expanded in LTBI. In particular, three Th1* genes (ABCB1, c-KIT, and GPA33) were differentially expressed at the RNA and protein levels in memory CD4 T cells of LTBI subjects compared with controls. The 74-gene signature also highlighted novel phenotypic markers that further defined the CD4 T cell subset containing TB specificity. We found the majority of TB-specific epitope reactivity in the CD62L-GPA33- Th1* subset. Thus, by combining cell population transcriptomics and single-cell protein-profiling techniques, we identified a CD4 T cell immune signature of LTBI that provided novel insights into the phenotype of TB-specific CD4 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie G Burel
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037;
| | | | - Nabeela Khan
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Grégory Seumois
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Jason A Greenbaum
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Randy Taplitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205.,Universidad Peruana Caytano Hereida, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205.,Universidad Peruana Caytano Hereida, Lima 15102, Peru.,Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 9808575, Japan; and
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Department of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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