1
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Lake BM, Rullo AF. Offsetting Low-Affinity Carbohydrate Binding with Covalency to Engage Sugar-Specific Proteins for Tumor-Immune Proximity Induction. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:2064-2075. [PMID: 38033792 PMCID: PMC10683482 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-binding receptors are often used by the innate immune system to potentiate inflammation, target endocytosis/destruction, and adaptive immunity (e.g., CD206, DC-SIGN, MBL, and anticarbohydrate antibodies). To access this class of receptors for cancer immunotherapy, a growing repertoire of bifunctional proximity-inducing therapeutics use high-avidity multivalent carbohydrate binding domains to offset the intrinsically low affinity associated with monomeric carbohydrate-protein binding interactions (Kd ≈ 10-3-10-6 M). For applications aimed at recruiting anticarbohydrate antibodies to tumor cells, large synthetic scaffolds are used that contain both a tumor-binding domain (TBD) and a multivalent antibody-binding domain (ABD) comprising multiple l-rhamnose monosaccharides. This allows for stable bridging between tumor cells and antibodies, which activates tumoricidal immune function. Problematically, such multivalent macromolecules can face limitations including synthetic and/or structural complexity and the potential for off-target immune engagement. We envisioned that small bifunctional "proximity-inducing" molecules containing a low-affinity monovalent ABD could efficiently engage carbohydrate-binding receptors for tumor-immune proximity by coupling weak binding with covalent engagement. Typical covalent drugs and electrophilic chimeras use high-affinity ligands to promote the fast covalent engagement of target proteins (i.e., large kinact/KI), driven by a favorably small KI for binding. We hypothesized the much less favorable KI associated with carbohydrate-protein binding interactions can be offset by a favorably large kinact for the covalent labeling step. In the current study, we test this hypothesis in the context of a model system that uses rhamnose-specific antibodies to induce tumor-immune proximity and tumoricidal function. We discovered that synthetic chimeric molecules capable of preorganizing an optimal electrophile (i.e., SuFEx vs activated ester) for protein engagement can rapidly covalently engage natural sources of antirhamnose antibody using only a single low-affinity rhamnose monosaccharide ABD. Strikingly, we observe chimeric molecules lacking an electrophile, which can only noncovalently bind the antibody, completely lack tumoricidal function. This is in stark contrast to previous work targeting small molecule hapten and peptide-specific antibodies. Our findings underscore the utility of covalency as a strategy to engage low-affinity carbohydrate-specific proteins for tumor-immune proximity induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin
P. M. Lake
- Department
of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, Center
for Discovery in Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical
Sciences, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony F. Rullo
- Department
of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, Center
for Discovery in Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical
Sciences, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton Ontario, Canada
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2
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Weller S, Sterlin D, Fadeev T, Coignard E, de los Aires AV, Goetz C, Fritzen R, Bahuaud M, Batteux F, Gorochov G, Weill JC, Reynaud CA. T-independent responses to polysaccharides in humans mobilize marginal zone B cells prediversified against gut bacterial antigens. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eade1413. [PMID: 36706172 PMCID: PMC7614366 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.ade1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Marginal zone (MZ) B cells are one of the main actors of T-independent (TI) responses in mice. To identify the B cell subset(s) involved in such responses in humans, we vaccinated healthy individuals with Pneumovax, a model TI vaccine. By high-throughput repertoire sequencing of plasma cells (PCs) isolated 7 days after vaccination and of different B cell subpopulations before and after vaccination, we show that the PC response mobilizes large clones systematically, including an immunoglobulin M component, whose diversification and amplification predated the pneumococcal vaccination. These clones could be mainly traced back to MZ B cells, together with clonally related IgA+ and, to a lesser extent, IgG+CD27+ B cells. Recombinant monoclonal antibodies isolated from large PC clones recognized a wide array of bacterial species from the gut flora, indicating that TI responses in humans largely mobilize MZ and switched B cells that most likely prediversified during mucosal immune responses against bacterial antigens and acquired pneumococcal cross-reactivity through somatic hypermutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Weller
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Sterlin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), F-75013 Paris, France
- Département d’Immunologie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Tatiana Fadeev
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Eva Coignard
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Alba Verge de los Aires
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Clara Goetz
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Rémi Fritzen
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), F-75015 Paris, France
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Mathilde Bahuaud
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
- Service d’Immunologie Biologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre (HUPC), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Frederic Batteux
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
- Service d’Immunologie Biologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre (HUPC), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), F-75013 Paris, France
- Département d’Immunologie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Weill
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Claude-Agnès Reynaud
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR-8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), F-75015 Paris, France
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3
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Jenks JA, Amin S, Sponholtz MR, Kumar A, Wrapp D, Venkatayogi S, Tu JJ, Karthigeyan K, Valencia SM, Connors M, Harnois MJ, Hora B, Rochat E, McLellan JS, Wiehe K, Permar SR. A single, improbable B cell receptor mutation confers potent neutralization against cytomegalovirus. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011107. [PMID: 36662906 PMCID: PMC9891502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a leading cause of infant hearing loss and neurodevelopmental delay, but there are no clinically licensed vaccines to prevent infection, in part due to challenges eliciting neutralizing antibodies. One of the most well-studied targets for CMV vaccines is the viral fusogen glycoprotein B (gB), which is required for viral entry into host cells. Within gB, antigenic domain 2 site 1 (AD-2S1) is a target of potently neutralizing antibodies, but gB-based candidate vaccines have yet to elicit robust responses against this region. We mapped the genealogy of B cells encoding potently neutralizing anti-gB AD-2S1 antibodies from their inferred unmutated common ancestor (UCA) and characterized the binding and function of early lineage ancestors. Surprisingly, we found that a single amino acid heavy chain mutation A33N, which was an improbable mutation rarely generated by somatic hypermutation machinery, conferred broad CMV neutralization to the non-neutralizing UCA antibody. Structural studies revealed that this mutation mediated key contacts with the gB AD-2S1 epitope. Collectively, these results provide insight into potently neutralizing gB-directed antibody evolution in a single donor and lay a foundation for using this B cell-lineage directed approach for the design of next-generation CMV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Jenks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sharmi Amin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Madeline R. Sponholtz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amit Kumar
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Daniel Wrapp
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sravani Venkatayogi
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joshua J. Tu
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Krithika Karthigeyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Valencia
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Megan Connors
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Melissa J. Harnois
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bhavna Hora
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eric Rochat
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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4
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Noviello CM, Kreye J, Teng J, Prüss H, Hibbs RE. Structural mechanisms of GABA A receptor autoimmune encephalitis. Cell 2022; 185:2469-2477.e13. [PMID: 35803245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibodies targeting neuronal membrane proteins can cause encephalitis, seizures, and severe behavioral abnormalities. While antibodies for several neuronal targets have been identified, structural details on how they regulate function are unknown. Here we determined cryo-electron microscopy structures of antibodies derived from an encephalitis patient bound to the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor. These antibodies induced severe encephalitis by directly inhibiting GABAA function, resulting in nervous-system hyperexcitability. The structures reveal mechanisms of GABAA inhibition and pathology. One antibody directly competes with a neurotransmitter and locks the receptor in a resting-like state. The second antibody targets the subunit interface involved in binding benzodiazepines and antagonizes diazepam potentiation. We identify key residues in these antibodies involved in specificity and affinity and confirm structure-based hypotheses for functional effects using electrophysiology. Together these studies define mechanisms of direct functional antagonism of neurotransmission underlying autoimmune encephalitis in a human patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Noviello
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jakob Kreye
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Pediatric Neurology and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jinfeng Teng
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Harald Prüss
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ryan E Hibbs
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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5
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Bozhanova NG, Flyak AI, Brown BP, Ruiz SE, Salas J, Rho S, Bombardi RG, Myers L, Soto C, Bailey JR, Crowe JE, Bjorkman PJ, Meiler J. Computational identification of HCV neutralizing antibodies with a common HCDR3 disulfide bond motif in the antibody repertoires of infected individuals. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3178. [PMID: 35676279 PMCID: PMC9177688 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent success in hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment using antivirals, an HCV vaccine is still needed to prevent reinfections in treated patients, to avert the emergence of drug-resistant strains, and to provide protection for people with no access to the antiviral therapeutics. The early production of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) associates with HCV clearance. Several potent bNAbs bind a conserved HCV glycoprotein E2 epitope using an unusual heavy chain complementarity determining region 3 (HCDR3) containing an intra-loop disulfide bond. Isolation of additional structurally-homologous bNAbs would facilitate the recognition of key determinants of such bNAbs and guide rational vaccine design. Here we report the identification of new antibodies containing an HCDR3 disulfide bond motif using computational screening with the Rosetta software. Using the newly-discovered and already-known members of this antibody family, we review the required HCDR3 amino acid composition and propose determinants for the bent versus straight HCDR3 loop conformation observed in these antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina G Bozhanova
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Andrew I Flyak
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Benjamin P Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Stormy E Ruiz
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jordan Salas
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Semi Rho
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Robin G Bombardi
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Luke Myers
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Cinque Soto
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Justin R Bailey
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Pamela J Bjorkman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Jens Meiler
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical School, Leipzig, SAC, 04103, Germany.
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6
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Babb R, Doyle CR, Pirofski LA. Isolation and Characterization of Human Monoclonal Antibodies to Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide 3. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0144621. [PMID: 34756090 PMCID: PMC8579928 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01446-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The current pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PPS) conjugate vaccine (PCV13) is less effective against Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 (ST3), which remains a major cause of pneumococcal disease and mortality. Therefore, dissecting structure-function relationships of human ST3 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PPS3) antibodies may reveal characteristics of protective antibodies. Using flow cytometry, we isolated PPS3-binding memory B cells from pneumococcal vaccine recipients and generated seven PPS3-specific human monoclonal antibodies (humAbs). Five humAbs displayed ST3 opsonophagocytic activity, four induced ST3 agglutination in vitro, and four mediated both activities. Two humAbs, namely, C10 and C27, that used the same variable heavy (VH) and light (VL) chain domains (VH3-9*01/VL2-14*03) both altered ST3 gene expression in vitro; however, C10 had fewer VL somatic mutations, higher PPS3 affinity, and promoted in vitro ST3 opsonophagocytic and agglutinating activity, whereas C27 did not. In C57BL/6 mice, both humAbs reduced nasopharyngeal colonization with ST3 A66 and a clinical strain, B2, and prolonged survival following lethal A66 intraperitoneal infection, but only C10 protected against lethal intranasal infection with the clinical strain. After performing VL swaps, C10VH/C27VL exhibited reduced ST3 binding and agglutination, but C27VH/C10VL binding was unchanged. However, both humAbs lost the ability to reduce colonization in vivo when their light chains were replaced. Our findings associate the ability of PPS3-specific humAbs to reduce colonization with ST3 agglutination and opsonophagocytic activity, and reveal an unexpected role for the VL in their functional activity in vitro and in vivo. These findings also provide insights that may inform antibody-based therapy and identification of surrogates of vaccine efficacy against ST3. IMPORTANCE Despite the global success of vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, serotype 3 (ST3) pneumococcus remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In comparison to other vaccine-included serotypes, the ST3 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PPS3) induces a weaker opsonophagocytic response, which is considered a correlate of vaccine efficacy. Previous studies of mouse PPS3 monoclonal antibodies identified ST3 agglutination as a correlate of reduced ST3 nasopharyngeal colonization in mice; however, neither the agglutinating ability of human vaccine-elicited PPS3 antibodies nor their ability to prevent experimental murine nasopharyngeal colonization has been studied. We generated and analyzed the functional and in vivo efficacy of human vaccine-elicited PPS3 monoclonal antibodies and found that ST3 agglutination associated with antibody affinity, protection in vivo, and limited somatic mutations in the light chain variable region. These findings provide new insights that may inform the development of antibody-based therapies and next-generation vaccines for ST3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Babb
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Liise-anne Pirofski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine & Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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7
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Jin X, Zhou W, Luo M, Wang P, Xu Z, Ma K, Cao H, Xu C, Huang Y, Cheng R, Xiao L, Lin X, Pang F, Li Y, Nie H, Jiang Q. Global characterization of B cell receptor repertoire in COVID-19 patients by single-cell V(D)J sequencing. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:6278607. [PMID: 34015809 PMCID: PMC8194558 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is facing a pandemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Adaptive immune responses are essential for SARS-CoV-2 virus clearance. Although a large body of studies have been conducted to investigate the immune mechanism in COVID-19 patients, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the BCR repertoire in patients. In this study, we used the single-cell V(D)J sequencing to characterize the BCR repertoire across convalescent COVID-19 patients. We observed that the BCR diversity was significantly reduced in disease compared with healthy controls. And BCRs tend to skew toward different V gene segments in COVID-19 and healthy controls. The CDR3 sequences of heavy chain in clonal BCRs in patients were more convergent than that in healthy controls. In addition, we discovered increased IgG and IgA isotypes in the disease, including IgG1, IgG3 and IgA1. In all clonal BCRs, IgG isotypes had the most frequent class switch recombination events and the highest somatic hypermutation rate, especially IgG3. Moreover, we found that an IgG3 cluster from different clonal groups had the same IGHV, IGHJ and CDR3 sequences (IGHV4-4-CARLANTNQFYDSSSYLNAMDVW-IGHJ6). Overall, our study provides a comprehensive characterization of the BCR repertoire in COVID-19 patients, which contributes to the understanding of the mechanism for the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyun Jin
- School of Life Science and Technology at the Harbin Institute of Technology, China
| | - Wenyang Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology at the Harbin Institute of Technology, China
| | - Meng Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology at the Harbin Institute of Technology, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology at the Harbin Institute of Technology, China
| | - Zhaochun Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology at the Harbin Institute of Technology, China
| | - Kexin Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology at the Harbin Institute of Technology, China
| | - Huimin Cao
- School of Life Science and Technology at the Harbin Institute of Technology, China
| | - Chang Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology at the Harbin Institute of Technology, China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology at the Harbin Institute of Technology, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Harbin Institute of Technology, China
| | - Lixing Xiao
- School of Life Science and Technology at the Harbin Institute of Technology, China
| | | | | | - Yiqun Li
- Harbin Institute of Technology, China
| | - Huan Nie
- School of Life Science and Technology at the Harbin Institute of Technology, China
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology at the Harbin Institute of Technology, China
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8
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Quddos F, Zwollo P. A BCWD-Resistant line of rainbow trout is less sensitive to cortisol implant-induced changes in IgM response as compared to a susceptible (control) line. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:103921. [PMID: 33212092 PMCID: PMC7796912 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In salmonids, stress responses increase cortisol levels and disease susceptibility, including to Flavobacterium psychrophilum (Fp), the causative agent of BCWD. A BCWD-resistant line (R-line) of rainbow trout was used here to investigate potential differences in immunoglobulin response after a combined treatment of cortisol and Fp, as compared to a susceptible (S-line) control line. Expression of membrane and secreted immunoglobulin heavy chains mu and tau were determined by RT-qPCR in spleen and anterior kidney. Cortisol treatment did not affect B cell development in the anterior kidney, but delayed IgM responses at the early stage of infection in the spleen of both lines. An earlier IgM response was a determining factor in differential disease progression between resistant- and susceptible fish after Fp-challenge. S-line fish had a delayed and exacerbated IgM response after cortisol implant indicative of a detrimental cycle of sustained IgM responses and high pathogen loads. In contrast, R-line fish had delayed but milder, and protective IgM responses and cleared pathogen successfully. Fp challenge after cortisol implant increased serum cortisol levels on days 3 and 5 compared to mock treatments in S-line fish, but only on day 3 in R-line. Hence, combined cortisol treatment and Fp challenge differentially modulated B cell activation and Fp loads in BCWD-resistant and susceptible lines of rainbow trout. We propose that under conditions of increased stress, BCWD-resistant fish may remain immunologically better equipped to respond to infections compared to BCWD susceptible fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Quddos
- Department of Biology, William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA
| | - Patty Zwollo
- Department of Biology, William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA.
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9
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Zhang F, Gan R, Zhen Z, Hu X, Li X, Zhou F, Liu Y, Chen C, Xie S, Zhang B, Wu X, Huang Z. Adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in severe versus mild individuals. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:156. [PMID: 32796814 PMCID: PMC7426596 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The global Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has affected more than eight million people. There is an urgent need to investigate how the adaptive immunity is established in COVID-19 patients. In this study, we profiled adaptive immune cells of PBMCs from recovered COVID-19 patients with varying disease severity using single-cell RNA and TCR/BCR V(D)J sequencing. The sequencing data revealed SARS-CoV-2-specific shuffling of adaptive immune repertories and COVID-19-induced remodeling of peripheral lymphocytes. Characterization of variations in the peripheral T and B cells from the COVID-19 patients revealed a positive correlation of humoral immune response and T-cell immune memory with disease severity. Sequencing and functional data revealed SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell immune memory in the convalescent COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we also identified novel antigens that are responsive in the convalescent patients. Altogether, our study reveals adaptive immune repertories underlying pathogenesis and recovery in severe versus mild COVID-19 patients, providing valuable information for potential vaccine and therapeutic development against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/classification
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/virology
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity
- COVID-19
- Case-Control Studies
- China
- Convalescence
- Coronavirus Infections/genetics
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/pathology
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Disease Progression
- Gene Expression
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunologic Memory
- Pandemics
- Pneumonia, Viral/genetics
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/pathology
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/classification
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/classification
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2
- Severity of Illness Index
- Single-Cell Analysis
- T-Lymphocytes/classification
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Rui Gan
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Ziqi Zhen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiang Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Fengxia Zhou
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Harbin Blood Center, Harbin, 150056, China
| | - Chuangeng Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Shuangyu Xie
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Bailing Zhang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Xiaoke Wu
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150030, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China.
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10
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Milivojevic M, Che X, Bateman L, Cheng A, Garcia BA, Hornig M, Huber M, Klimas NG, Lee B, Lee H, Levine S, Montoya JG, Peterson DL, Komaroff AL, Lipkin WI. Plasma proteomic profiling suggests an association between antigen driven clonal B cell expansion and ME/CFS. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236148. [PMID: 32692761 PMCID: PMC7373296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is an unexplained chronic, debilitating illness characterized by fatigue, sleep disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, orthostatic intolerance and gastrointestinal problems. Using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), we analyzed the plasma proteomes of 39 ME/CFS patients and 41 healthy controls. Logistic regression models, with both linear and quadratic terms of the protein levels as independent variables, revealed a significant association between ME/CFS and the immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV) region 3-23/30. Stratifying the ME/CFS group based on self-reported irritable bowel syndrome (sr-IBS) status revealed a significant quadratic effect of immunoglobulin lambda constant region 7 on its association with ME/CFS with sr-IBS whilst IGHV3-23/30 and immunoglobulin kappa variable region 3-11 were significantly associated with ME/CFS without sr-IBS. In addition, we were able to predict ME/CFS status with a high degree of accuracy (AUC = 0.774-0.838) using a panel of proteins selected by 3 different machine learning algorithms: Lasso, Random Forests, and XGBoost. These algorithms also identified proteomic profiles that predicted the status of ME/CFS patients with sr-IBS (AUC = 0.806-0.846) and ME/CFS without sr-IBS (AUC = 0.754-0.780). Our findings are consistent with a significant association of ME/CFS with immune dysregulation and highlight the potential use of the plasma proteome as a source of biomarkers for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Milivojevic
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyu Che
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Lucinda Bateman
- Bateman Horne Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Aaron Cheng
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Benjamin A. Garcia
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Mady Hornig
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Manuel Huber
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute for Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nancy G. Klimas
- Institute for Neuro Immune Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States of America
- Miami VA Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Bohyun Lee
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Hyoungjoo Lee
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Susan Levine
- Levine Clinic, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jose G. Montoya
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Jack S. Remington Laboratory for Specialty Diagnostics of Toxoplasmosis, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Daniel L. Peterson
- Sierra Internal Medicine at Incline Village, Incline Village, NV, United States of America
| | - Anthony L. Komaroff
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - W. Ian Lipkin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States of America
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11
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Kreer C, Gruell H, Mora T, Walczak AM, Klein F. Exploiting B Cell Receptor Analyses to Inform on HIV-1 Vaccination Strategies. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010013. [PMID: 31906351 PMCID: PMC7157687 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human antibody repertoire is generated by the recombination of different gene segments as well as by processes of somatic mutation. Together these mechanisms result in a tremendous diversity of antibodies that are able to combat various pathogens including viruses and bacteria, or malignant cells. In this review, we summarize the opportunities and challenges that are associated with the analyses of the B cell receptor repertoire and the antigen-specific B cell response. We will discuss how recent advances have increased our understanding of the antibody response and how repertoire analyses can be exploited to inform on vaccine strategies, particularly against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kreer
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (C.K.); (H.G.)
| | - Henning Gruell
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (C.K.); (H.G.)
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thierry Mora
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure (PSL University), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (T.M.); (A.M.W.)
| | - Aleksandra M. Walczak
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure (PSL University), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (T.M.); (A.M.W.)
| | - Florian Klein
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (C.K.); (H.G.)
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence:
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12
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Chen Z, Cox KS, Tang A, Roman J, Fink M, Kaufhold RM, Guan L, Xie A, Boddicker MA, Mcguinness D, Xiao X, Li H, Skinner JM, Verch T, Retzlaff M, Vora KA. Human monoclonal antibodies isolated from a primary pneumococcal conjugate Vaccinee demonstrates the expansion of an antigen-driven Hypermutated memory B cell response. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:613. [PMID: 30509199 PMCID: PMC6278343 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-acquired pneumonia is a leading infectious cause of hospitalization. A few vaccines exist to prevent pneumococcal disease in adults, including a pneumococcal polysaccharide unconjugated vaccine and a protein conjugated polysaccharide vaccine. Previous studies on the human immune response to the unconjugated vaccine showed that the vaccine boosted the existing memory B cells. In the present study, we investigated the human B cell immune response following pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccination. METHODS Plasmablast B cells from a pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccinee were isolated and cloned for analysis. In response to primary vaccination, identical sequences from the plasmablast-derived antibodies were identified from multiple B cells, demonstrating evidence of clonal expansion. We evaluated the binding specificity of these human monoclonal antibodies in immunoassays, and tested there in vitro function in a multiplexed opsonophagocytic assay (MOPA). To characterize the plasmablast B cell response to the pneumococcal conjugated vaccine, the germline usage and the variable region somatic hypermutations on these antibodies were analyzed. Furthermore, a serotype 4 polysaccharide-specific antibody was tested in an animal challenge study to explore the in vivo functional activity. RESULTS The data suggests that the pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine boosted memory B cell responses, likely derived from previous pneumococcal exposure. The majority of the plasmablast-derived antibodies contained higher numbers of variable region somatic hypermutations and evidence for selection, as demonstrated by replacement to silent ratio's (R/S) greater than 2.9 in the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs). In addition, we found that VH3/JH4 was the predominant germline sequence used in these polysaccharide-specific B cells. All of the tested antibodies demonstrated narrow polysaccharide specificity in ELISA binding, and demonstrated functional opsonophagocytic killing (OPK) activity in the MOPA assay. The in-vivo animal challenge study showed that the tested serotype 4 polysaccharide-specific antibody demonstrated a potent protective effect when administered prior to bacterial challenge. CONCLUSIONS The findings on the pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine responses from a vaccinated subject reported in this study are similar to previously published data on the pneumococcal polysaccharide unconjugated vaccine responses. In both vaccine regimens, the pre-existing human memory B cells were expanded after vaccination with preferential use of the germline VH3/JH4 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Research, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Kara S Cox
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Research, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Aimin Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Research, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Jeanette Roman
- Department of Vaccine Analytical Development - Immunoassay, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Malorie Fink
- Department of Vaccine Analytical Development - Immunoassay, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Robin M Kaufhold
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Research, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Liming Guan
- Department of Vaccine Analytical Development - Immunoassay, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Andy Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Research, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Melissa A Boddicker
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Research, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Debra Mcguinness
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Research, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Research, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Hualin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Research, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Julie M Skinner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Research, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Thorsten Verch
- Department of Vaccine Analytical Development - Immunoassay, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Mary Retzlaff
- Department of Vaccine Analytical Development - Immunoassay, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Kalpit A Vora
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Research, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
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13
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Zeng Z, Surewaard BGJ, Wong CHY, Guettler C, Petri B, Burkhard R, Wyss M, Le Moual H, Devinney R, Thompson GC, Blackwood J, Joffe AR, McCoy KD, Jenne CN, Kubes P. Sex-hormone-driven innate antibodies protect females and infants against EPEC infection. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:1100-1111. [DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Dhagat U, Hercus TR, Broughton SE, Nero TL, Cheung Tung Shing KS, Barry EF, Thomson CA, Bryson S, Pai EF, McClure BJ, Schrader JW, Lopez AF, Parker MW. The mechanism of GM-CSF inhibition by human GM-CSF auto-antibodies suggests novel therapeutic opportunities. MAbs 2018; 10:1018-1029. [PMID: 29969365 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1494107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor that can stimulate a variety of cells, but its overexpression leads to excessive production and activation of granulocytes and macrophages with many pathogenic effects. This cytokine is a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases, and several anti-GM-CSF antibodies have advanced to Phase 2 clinical trials in patients with such diseases, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis. GM-CSF is also an essential factor in preventing pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), a disease associated with GM-CSF malfunction arising most typically through the presence of GM-CSF neutralizing auto-antibodies. Understanding the mechanism of action for neutralizing antibodies that target GM-CSF is important for improving their specificity and affinity as therapeutics and, conversely, in devising strategies to reduce the effects of GM-CSF auto-antibodies in PAP. We have solved the crystal structures of human GM-CSF bound to antigen-binding fragments of two neutralizing antibodies, the human auto-antibody F1 and the mouse monoclonal antibody 4D4. Coordinates and structure factors of the crystal structures of the GM-CSF:F1 Fab and the GM-CSF:4D4 Fab complexes have been deposited in the RCSB Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 6BFQ and 6BFS, respectively. The structures show that these antibodies bind to mutually exclusive epitopes on GM-CSF; however, both prevent the cytokine from interacting with its alpha receptor subunit and hence prevent receptor activation. Importantly, identification of the F1 epitope together with functional analyses highlighted modifications to GM-CSF that would abolish auto-antibody recognition whilst retaining GM-CSF function. These results provide a framework for developing novel GM-CSF molecules for PAP treatment and for optimizing current anti-GM-CSF antibodies for use in treating inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmi Dhagat
- a St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research , Australian Cancer Research Foundation Rational Drug Discovery Centre , Fitzroy , Victoria , Australia.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Timothy R Hercus
- b The Centre for Cancer Biology , SA Pathology and the University of South Australia , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Sophie E Broughton
- a St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research , Australian Cancer Research Foundation Rational Drug Discovery Centre , Fitzroy , Victoria , Australia.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Tracy L Nero
- a St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research , Australian Cancer Research Foundation Rational Drug Discovery Centre , Fitzroy , Victoria , Australia.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Karen S Cheung Tung Shing
- a St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research , Australian Cancer Research Foundation Rational Drug Discovery Centre , Fitzroy , Victoria , Australia.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Emma F Barry
- b The Centre for Cancer Biology , SA Pathology and the University of South Australia , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Christy A Thomson
- d The Biomedical Research Centre , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Steve Bryson
- e Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,f Department of Biochemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Emil F Pai
- e Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,f Department of Biochemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,g Department of Medical Biophysics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,h Department of Molecular Genetics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Barbara J McClure
- b The Centre for Cancer Biology , SA Pathology and the University of South Australia , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - John W Schrader
- d The Biomedical Research Centre , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada.,g Department of Medical Biophysics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Angel F Lopez
- b The Centre for Cancer Biology , SA Pathology and the University of South Australia , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia.,i Department of Medicine , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Michael W Parker
- a St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research , Australian Cancer Research Foundation Rational Drug Discovery Centre , Fitzroy , Victoria , Australia.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
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15
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Di Palma F, Tramontano A. Dynamics behind affinity maturation of an anti-HCMV antibody family influencing antigen binding. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:2936-2950. [PMID: 28771696 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of antibody affinity maturation and its effects on antigen binding is important with respect to understanding the regulation of the immune response. To shed light on this crucial process, we analyzed two Igs neutralizing the human cytomegalovirus: the primary germline antibody M2J1 and its related mature antibody 8F9. Both antibodies target the AD-2S1 epitope of the gB envelope protein and are considered to establish similar interactions with the cognate antigen. We used molecular dynamics simulations to understand the effect of mutations on the antibody-antigen interactions. The results provide a qualitative explanation for the increased 8F9 peptide affinity compared with that of M2J1. The emerging atomistic-detailed description of these complexes reveals the molecular effects of the somatic hypermutations occurring during affinity maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Tramontano
- Department of Physics, Sapienza - Università di Roma, Italy.,Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Roma, Italy
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16
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Watson CT, Glanville J, Marasco WA. The Individual and Population Genetics of Antibody Immunity. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:459-470. [PMID: 28539189 PMCID: PMC5656258 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies (Abs) produced by immunoglobulin (IG) genes are the most diverse proteins expressed in humans. While part of this diversity is generated by recombination during B-cell development and mutations during affinity maturation, the germ-line IG loci are also diverse across human populations and ethnicities. Recently, proof-of-concept studies have demonstrated genotype–phenotype correlations between specific IG germ-line variants and the quality of Ab responses during vaccination and disease. However, the functional consequences of IG genetic variation in Ab function and immunological outcomes remain underexplored. In this opinion article, we outline interconnections between IG genomic diversity and Ab-expressed repertoires and structure. We further propose a strategy for integrating IG genotyping with functional Ab profiling data as a means to better predict and optimize humoral responses in genetically diverse human populations, with immediate implications for personalized medicine. Genetic variation in human populations affects how individuals are able to mount functional antibody responses. Different alleles can encode convergent binding motifs that result in successful Ab responses against specific infections and vaccinations. Given the complexity of the IG loci and the diversity of the antibody repertoire, links between IG polymorphism and antibody repertoire variability have not been thoroughly explored. We present a strategy to mine genotype–repertoire–disease associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey T Watson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Jacob Glanville
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, and Computational and Systems Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Wayne A Marasco
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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