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Ohishi K, Ishikura A, Nishida S, Abo H, Nakatsukasa H, Kawashima H. Sialyl Lewis X Defines an Activated and Functional Regulatory T Cell Subpopulation in Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1627-1638. [PMID: 38639586 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Attempts have been made to elucidate the functional markers of regulatory T cells (Tregs), CD4+Foxp3+ T cells with an immunosuppressive function. Sialyl Lewis X (sLex), a tetrasaccharide Ag, is involved in leukocyte trafficking as selectin ligands and is a marker of highly differentiated Tregs in humans. However, the importance of sLex in murine Tregs remains unknown. In this study, we report that sLex defines the activated and functional subset of murine Tregs. The contact hypersensitivity model showed that murine Tregs strongly express sLex upon activation, accompanied by functional Treg marker elevation, such as Foxp3, CD25, CD103, CD39, and granzyme B. RNA sequencing analysis revealed sLex-positive (sLex+) Tregs expressed genes involved in Treg function at a higher level than sLex-negative (sLex-) Tregs. Using an in vitro suppression assay, we found that sLex+ Tregs could more efficiently suppress naive CD4+ T cell proliferation than sLex- Tregs. In the murine contact hypersensitivity elicitation model, the topical sLex+ Treg injection into the ears suppressed ear inflammation more efficiently than that of sLex- Tregs. Our results indicate that sLex could serve as a unique surface marker of activated and functional Tregs with immunosuppressive functions in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Ohishi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Asaki Ishikura
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shogo Nishida
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirohito Abo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakatsukasa
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroto Kawashima
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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2
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Ryan AT, Kim M, Lim K. Immune Cell Migration to Cancer. Cells 2024; 13:844. [PMID: 38786066 PMCID: PMC11120175 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune cell migration is required for the development of an effective and robust immune response. This elegant process is regulated by both cellular and environmental factors, with variables such as immune cell state, anatomical location, and disease state that govern differences in migration patterns. In all cases, a major factor is the expression of cell surface receptors and their cognate ligands. Rapid adaptation to environmental conditions partly depends on intrinsic cellular immune factors that affect a cell's ability to adjust to new environment. In this review, we discuss both myeloid and lymphoid cells and outline key determinants that govern immune cell migration, including molecules required for immune cell adhesion, modes of migration, chemotaxis, and specific chemokine signaling. Furthermore, we summarize tumor-specific elements that contribute to immune cell trafficking to cancer, while also exploring microenvironment factors that can alter these cellular dynamics within the tumor in both a pro and antitumor fashion. Specifically, we highlight the importance of the secretome in these later aspects. This review considers a myriad of factors that impact immune cell trajectory in cancer. We aim to highlight the immunotherapeutic targets that can be harnessed to achieve controlled immune trafficking to and within tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison T. Ryan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.T.R.); (M.K.)
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.T.R.); (M.K.)
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Kihong Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.T.R.); (M.K.)
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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3
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Zhang J, Yao Z. Immune cell trafficking: a novel perspective on the gut-skin axis. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:21. [PMID: 38654394 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune cell trafficking, an essential mechanism for maintaining immunological homeostasis and mounting effective responses to infections, operates under a stringent regulatory framework. Recent advances have shed light on the perturbation of cell migration patterns, highlighting how such disturbances can propagate inflammatory diseases from their origin to distal organs. This review collates and discusses current evidence that demonstrates atypical communication between the gut and skin, which are conventionally viewed as distinct immunological spheres, in the milieu of inflammation. We focus on the aberrant, reciprocal translocation of immune cells along the gut-skin axis as a pivotal factor linking intestinal and dermatological inflammatory conditions. Recognizing that the translation of these findings into clinical practices is nascent, we suggest that therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the axis may offer substantial benefits in mitigating the widespread impact of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Zhang
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhirong Yao
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Gordon H, Wichmann K, Lewis A, Sanders T, Wildemann M, Hoti I, Hornsby E, Kok KB, Silver A, Lindsay JO, Stagg AJ. Human Intestinal Dendritic Cells Can Overcome Retinoic Acid Signaling to Generate Proinflammatory CD4 T Cells with Both Gut and Skin Homing Properties. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:96-106. [PMID: 37955427 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid, produced by intestinal dendritic cells (DCs), promotes T cell trafficking to the intestinal mucosa by upregulating α4β7 integrin and inhibiting the generation of cutaneous leukocyte Ag (CLA) required for skin entry. In the present study, we report that activation of human naive CD4 T cells in an APC-free system generates cells expressing α4β7 alone; in contrast, activation by intestinal DCs that produce retinoic acid and induce high levels of α4β7 also results in CLA expression, generating CLA+α4β7+ "dual tropic" cells, with both gut and skin trafficking potential, that also express high levels of α4β1 integrin. DC generation of CLA+α4β7+ T cells is associated with upregulation of FUT7, a fucosyltransferase involved in CLA generation; requires cell contact; and is enhanced by IL-12/IL-23. The blood CD4+ T cell population contains CLA+α4β7+ cells, which are significantly enriched for cells capable of IFN-γ, IL-17, and TNF-α production compared with conventional CLA-α4β7+ cells. Dual tropic lymphocytes are increased in intestinal tissue from patients with Crohn's disease, and single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis identifies a transcriptionally distinct cluster of FUT7-expressing cells present only in inflamed tissue; expression of genes associated with cell proliferation suggests that these cells are undergoing local activation. The expression of multiple trafficking molecules by CLA+α4β7+ T cells can enable their recruitment by alternative pathways to both skin and gut; they may contribute to both intestinal and cutaneous manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Gordon
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and dentistry, Barts and The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Wichmann
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and dentistry, Barts and The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Lewis
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and dentistry, Barts and The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Theodore Sanders
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and dentistry, Barts and The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martha Wildemann
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and dentistry, Barts and The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Inva Hoti
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and dentistry, Barts and The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eve Hornsby
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and dentistry, Barts and The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Bel Kok
- Department of Gastroenterology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Silver
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and dentistry, Barts and The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James O Lindsay
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and dentistry, Barts and The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Gastroenterology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Stagg
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and dentistry, Barts and The London Medical School, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Šmak P, Chandrabose S, Tvaroška I, Koča J. Pan-selectin inhibitors as potential therapeutics for COVID-19 treatment: in silico screening study. Glycobiology 2021; 31:975-987. [PMID: 33822042 PMCID: PMC8083503 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly throughout the globe. The spectrum of disease is broad but among hospitalized patients with COVID-19, respiratory failure from acute respiratory distress syndrome is the leading cause of mortality. There is an urgent need for an effective treatment. The current focus has been developing novel therapeutics, including antivirals, protease inhibitors, vaccines and targeting the overactive cytokine response with anti-cytokine therapy. The overproduction of early response proinflammatory cytokines results in what has been described as a "cytokine storm" is leading eventually to death when the cells fail to terminate the inflammatory response. Accumulating evidence shows that inflammatory cytokines induce selectin ligands that play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases by mediating leukocyte migration from the blood into the tissue. Thus, the selectins and selectin ligands represent a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of COVID-19. In this paper, potential pan-selectin inhibitors were identified employing a virtual screening using a docking procedure. For this purpose, the Asinex and ZINC databases of ligands, including approved drugs, biogenic compounds and glycomimetics, altogether 923,602 compounds, were screened against the P-, L- and E-selectin. At first, the experimentally confirmed inhibitors were docked into all three selectins' carbohydrate recognition domains to assess the suitability of the screening procedure. Finally, based on the evaluation of ligands binding, we propose 10 purchasable pan-selectin inhibitors to develop COVID-19 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Šmak
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Selvaraj Chandrabose
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Tvaroška
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jaroslav Koča
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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6
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Yamamoto Y, Negoro T, Tada R, Narushima M, Hoshi A, Negishi Y, Nakano Y. Surface Phenotype Changes and Increased Response to Oxidative Stress in CD4 +CD25 high T Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:616. [PMID: 34072455 PMCID: PMC8229188 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conversion of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) from the immature (CD45RA+) to mature (CD45RO+) phenotype has been shown during development and allergic reactions. The relative frequencies of these Treg phenotypes and their responses to oxidative stress during development and allergic inflammation were analysed in samples from paediatric and adult subjects. The FOXP3lowCD45RA+ population was dominant in early childhood, while the percentage of FOXP3highCD45RO+ cells began increasing in the first year of life. These phenotypic changes were observed in subjects with and without asthma. Further, there was a significant increase in phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) protein in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated CD4+CD25high cells in adults with asthma compared with those without asthma. Increased pERK1/2 levels corresponded with increased Ca2+ response to T cell receptor stimulation. mRNA expression of peroxiredoxins declined in Tregs from adults with asthma. Finally, CD4+CD25high cells from paediatric subjects were more sensitive to oxidative stress than those from adults in vitro. The differential Treg sensitivity to oxidative stress observed in children and adults was likely dependent on phenotypic CD45 isoform switching. Increased sensitivity of Treg cells from adults with asthma to H2O2 resulted from a reduction of peroxiredoxin-2, -3, -4 and increased pERK1/2 via impaired Ca2+ response in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Yamamoto
- Department of Paediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo 145-0065, Japan
| | - Takaharu Negoro
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (T.N.); (A.H.); (Y.N.)
| | - Rui Tada
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan;
| | - Michiaki Narushima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa 224-8503, Japan;
| | - Akane Hoshi
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (T.N.); (A.H.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yoichi Negishi
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan;
| | - Yasuko Nakano
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; (T.N.); (A.H.); (Y.N.)
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7
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Huang M, Wei Y, Dong J. Epimedin C modulates the balance between Th9 cells and Treg cells through negative regulation of noncanonical NF-κB pathway and MAPKs activation to inhibit airway inflammation in the ovalbumin-induced murine asthma model. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2021; 65:102005. [PMID: 33636365 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2021.102005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a common airway inflammatory disease and mainly caused by abnormal immune responses to allergens and viruses. The precise mechanisms of airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) are still not completely understood. CD4+ helper T cells (Th cells) serve as critical regulators of allergic immunity. The imbalance between T helper 9 (Th9) cells and forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3)+ regulatory T (Treg) cells may contribute to airway inflammation in asthma. Epimedin C, a dominant compound isolated from Herba Epimedii, has shown anti-inflammatory effects and the immunoregulatory activity, such as increase of lymphocyte proliferation. However, the protective role of epimedin C in an experimental model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. Female BALB/c mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of OVA plus aluminum hydroxide (Alum) and subsequently challenged with an aerosol of 3% OVA in saline. Mice were treated with different concentrations of epimedin C (20 mg/kg/d, 40 mg/kg/d, 80 mg/kg/d) for 4 weeks. Experimental endpoints were evaluated via the analysis of AHR to acetyl-β-methacholine (Mch), differential inflammatory cell counts, concentrations of cytokines interleukin-9 (IL-9), IL-4 and IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum OVA-specific IgE level, as well as airway inflammation, mucus secretion and collagen deposition in mice. Mechanistically, we investigated the percentages of Th9 cells and Treg cells, as well as mRNA levels of IL-9 and transcription factor Foxp3 in lungs. Furthermore, the proteins expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family members p105/p50, RelA, p100/p52 and RelB, as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 MAPK was detected. Epimedin C dose-dependently attenuated AHR, airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion and collagen deposition in OVA-induced murine asthma model. The expression levels of IL-9, IL-4 and OVA-specific IgE were significantly decreased while IL-10 was increased by epimedin C. We further confirmed that epimedin C decreased the percentage of lung Th9 cells with lower mRNA expression of IL-9 and increased the percentage of lung Treg cells with higher mRNA expression of Foxp3. In addition, epimedin C dose-dependently decreased the protein levels of p52, RelB, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK which are pivotal to the development of Th9 cells and Treg cells. Collectively, epimedin C could inhibit pathophysiological features of asthma by reconstruction of the balance between Th9 cells and Treg cells through regulation of the noncanonical NF-κB p52/RelB pathway and MAPKs activation. These findings suggest epimedin C as a potential remedy for inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhua Huang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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8
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Perkey E, Maurice De Sousa D, Carrington L, Chung J, Dils A, Granadier D, Koch U, Radtke F, Ludewig B, Blazar BR, Siebel CW, Brennan TV, Nolz J, Labrecque N, Maillard I. GCNT1-Mediated O-Glycosylation of the Sialomucin CD43 Is a Sensitive Indicator of Notch Signaling in Activated T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1674-1688. [PMID: 32060138 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling is emerging as a critical regulator of T cell activation and function. However, there is no reliable cell surface indicator of Notch signaling across activated T cell subsets. In this study, we show that Notch signals induce upregulated expression of the Gcnt1 glycosyltransferase gene in T cells mediating graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in mice. To determine if Gcnt1-mediated O-glycosylation could be used as a Notch signaling reporter, we quantified the core-2 O-glycoform of CD43 in multiple T cell subsets during graft-versus-host disease. Pharmacological blockade of Delta-like Notch ligands abrogated core-2 O-glycosylation in a dose-dependent manner after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, both in donor-derived CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells and in Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. CD43 core-2 O-glycosylation depended on cell-intrinsic canonical Notch signals and identified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with high cytokine-producing ability. Gcnt1-deficient T cells still drove lethal alloreactivity, showing that core-2 O-glycosylation predicted, but did not cause, Notch-dependent T cell pathogenicity. Using core-2 O-glycosylation as a marker of Notch signaling, we identified Ccl19-Cre+ fibroblastic stromal cells as critical sources of Delta-like ligands in graft-versus-host responses irrespective of conditioning intensity. Core-2 O-glycosylation also reported Notch signaling in CD8+ T cell responses to dendritic cell immunization, Listeria infection, and viral infection. Thus, we uncovered a role for Notch in controlling core-2 O-glycosylation and identified a cell surface marker to quantify Notch signals in multiple immunological contexts. Our findings will help refine our understanding of the regulation, cellular source, and timing of Notch signals in T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Perkey
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Dave Maurice De Sousa
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Léolène Carrington
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jooho Chung
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Alexander Dils
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - David Granadier
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ute Koch
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Freddy Radtke
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Nolz
- Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239; and
| | - Nathalie Labrecque
- Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada; .,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
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9
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Effector and Regulatory T Cells Roll at High Shear Stress by Inducible Tether and Sling Formation. Cell Rep 2019; 21:3885-3899. [PMID: 29281835 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune response involves T cell differentiation and migration to sites of inflammation. T cell trafficking is initiated by rolling on inflamed endothelium. Tethers and slings, discovered in neutrophils, facilitate cell rolling at high shear stress. Here, we demonstrate that the ability to form tethers and slings during rolling is highly inducible in T helper 1 (Th1), Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells but less in Th2 cells. In vivo, endogenous Treg cells rolled stably in cremaster venules at physiological shear stress. Quantitative dynamic footprinting nanoscopy of Th1, Th17, and Treg cells uncovered the formation of multiple tethers per cell. Human Th1 cells also showed tethers and slings. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed the induction of cell migration and cytoskeletal genes in sling-forming cells. We conclude that differentiated CD4 T cells stabilize rolling by inducible tether and sling formation. These phenotypic changes approximate the adhesion phenotype of neutrophils and support CD4 T cell access to sites of inflammation.
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10
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Borsig L. Selectins in cancer immunity. Glycobiology 2018; 28:648-655. [PMID: 29272415 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectins are vascular adhesion molecules that mediate physiological responses such as inflammation, immunity and hemostasis. During cancer progression, selectins promote various steps enabling the interactions between tumor cells and the blood constituents, including platelets, endothelial cells and leukocytes. Selectins are carbohydrate-binding molecules that bind to sialylated, fucosylated glycan structures. The increased selectin ligand expression on tumor cells correlates with enhanced metastasis and poor prognosis for cancer patients. While, many studies focused on the role of selectin as a mediator of tumor cell adhesion and extravasation during metastasis, there is evidence for selectins to activate signaling cascade that regulates immune responses within a tumor microenvironment. L-Selectin binding induces activation of leukocytes, which can be further modulated by selectin-mediated interactions with platelets and endothelial cells. Selectin ligand on leukocytes, PSGL-1, triggers intracellular signaling in leukocytes that are induced through platelet's P-selectin or endothelial E-selectin binding. In this review, I summarize the evidence for selectin-induced immune modulation in cancer progression that represents a possible target for controlling tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubor Borsig
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Tinoco R, Carrette F, Henriquez ML, Fujita Y, Bradley LM. Fucosyltransferase Induction during Influenza Virus Infection Is Required for the Generation of Functional Memory CD4 + T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:2690-2702. [PMID: 29491007 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
T cells mediating influenza viral control are instructed in lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues to differentiate into memory T cells that confer protective immunity. The mechanisms by which influenza virus-specific memory CD4+ T cells arise have been attributed to changes in transcription factors, cytokines and cytokine receptors, and metabolic programming. The molecules involved in these biosynthetic pathways, including proteins and lipids, are modified to varying degrees of glycosylation, fucosylation, sialation, and sulfation, which can alter their function. It is currently unknown how the glycome enzymatic machinery regulates CD4+ T cell effector and memory differentiation. In a murine model of influenza virus infection, we found that fucosyltransferase enzymatic activity was induced in effector and memory CD4+ T cells. Using CD4+ T cells deficient in the Fut4/7 enzymes that are expressed only in hematopoietic cells, we found decreased frequencies of effector cells with reduced expression of T-bet and NKG2A/C/E in the lungs during primary infection. Furthermore, Fut4/7-/- effector CD4+ T cells had reduced survival with no difference in proliferation or capacity for effector function. Although Fut4/7-/- CD4+ T cells seeded the memory pool after primary infection, they failed to form tissue-resident cells, were dysfunctional, and were unable to re-expand after secondary infection. Our findings highlight an important regulatory axis mediated by cell-intrinsic fucosyltransferase activity in CD4+ T cell effectors that ensure the development of functional memory CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Tinoco
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Florent Carrette
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Monique L Henriquez
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Yu Fujita
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Linda M Bradley
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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12
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Lee CH, Zhang HH, Singh SP, Koo L, Kabat J, Tsang H, Singh TP, Farber JM. C/EBPδ drives interactions between human MAIT cells and endothelial cells that are important for extravasation. eLife 2018; 7:32532. [PMID: 29469805 PMCID: PMC5869018 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many mediators and regulators of extravasation by bona fide human memory-phenotype T cells remain undefined. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like, antibacterial cells that we found excelled at crossing inflamed endothelium. They displayed abundant selectin ligands, with high expression of FUT7 and ST3GAL4, and expressed CCR6, CCR5, and CCR2, which played non-redundant roles in trafficking on activated endothelial cells. MAIT cells selectively expressed CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (C/EBPδ). Knockdown of C/EBPδ diminished expression of FUT7, ST3GAL4 and CCR6, decreasing MAIT cell rolling and arrest, and consequently the cells' ability to cross an endothelial monolayer in vitro and extravasate in mice. Nonetheless, knockdown of C/EBPδ did not affect CCR2, which was important for the step of transendothelial migration. Thus, MAIT cells demonstrate a program for extravasastion that includes, in part, C/EBPδ and C/EBPδ-regulated genes, and that could be used to enhance, or targeted to inhibit T cell recruitment into inflamed tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hoon Lee
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Hongwei H Zhang
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Satya P Singh
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Lily Koo
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Hsinyi Tsang
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Tej Pratap Singh
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Joshua M Farber
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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13
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DeLong JH, Hall AO, Konradt C, Coppock GM, Park J, Harms Pritchard G, Hunter CA. Cytokine- and TCR-Mediated Regulation of T Cell Expression of Ly6C and Sca-1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:1761-1770. [PMID: 29358280 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ly6C and Sca-1 (Ly6A/E) are Ly6 family GPI-anchored surface molecules that are differentially expressed by multiple immune populations. Ly6C expression has been used to distinguish short-lived effector CD4+ T cells from memory precursor effector cells, whereas Sca-1 has been used in the identification of CD8+ memory stem cells. This study examines the expression patterns of these molecules and establishes that, in vitro, IL-27, type I IFN, and IFN-γ are potent inducers of Ly6C and Sca-1 in naive mouse CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, whereas TGF-β limits their expression. The induction of Ly6C and Sca-1 by IL-27 and IFN-γ is dependent on STAT1, but not STAT3 or T-bet. In mouse splenocytes, at homeostasis, Ly6C and Sca-1 expression was not restricted to effector cells, but was also found at various levels on naive and memory populations. However, in response to infection with Toxoplasma gondii, pathogen-specific T cells expressed high levels of these molecules and in this context, endogenous IL-27 and IFN-γ were required for the expression of Ly6C but not Sca-1. Together, these findings highlight the TCR-dependent and cytokine-mediated signals that modulate T cell expression of Ly6C and Sca-1 in vitro and in vivo during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H DeLong
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Aisling O'Hara Hall
- Immunology Discovery Research, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19002
| | - Christoph Konradt
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Gaia M Coppock
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Nephrology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Jeongho Park
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
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14
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Victor AR, Nalin AP, Dong W, McClory S, Wei M, Mao C, Kladney RD, Youssef Y, Chan WK, Briercheck EL, Hughes T, Scoville SD, Pitarresi JR, Chen C, Manz S, Wu LC, Zhang J, Ostrowski MC, Freud AG, Leone GW, Caligiuri MA, Yu J. IL-18 Drives ILC3 Proliferation and Promotes IL-22 Production via NF-κB. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 199:2333-2342. [PMID: 28842466 PMCID: PMC5624342 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are important regulators of the immune system, maintaining homeostasis in the presence of commensal bacteria, but activating immune defenses in response to microbial pathogens. ILC3s are a robust source of IL-22, a cytokine critical for stimulating the antimicrobial response. We sought to identify cytokines that can promote proliferation and induce or maintain IL-22 production by ILC3s and determine a molecular mechanism for this process. We identified IL-18 as a cytokine that cooperates with an ILC3 survival factor, IL-15, to induce proliferation of human ILC3s, as well as induce and maintain IL-22 production. To determine a mechanism of action, we examined the NF-κB pathway, which is activated by IL-18 signaling. We found that the NF-κB complex signaling component, p65, binds to the proximal region of the IL22 promoter and promotes transcriptional activity. Finally, we observed that CD11c+ dendritic cells expressing IL-18 are found in close proximity to ILC3s in human tonsils in situ. Therefore, we identify a new mechanism by which human ILC3s proliferate and produce IL-22, and identify NF-κB as a potential therapeutic target to be considered in pathologic states characterized by overproduction of IL-18 and/or IL-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Victor
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Ansel P Nalin
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Wenjuan Dong
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Susan McClory
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Min Wei
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Charlene Mao
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Raleigh D Kladney
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Youssef Youssef
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Wing Keung Chan
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Edward L Briercheck
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Tiffany Hughes
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Steven D Scoville
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jason R Pitarresi
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Charlie Chen
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Sarah Manz
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Lai-Chu Wu
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Bioinformatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Michael C Ostrowski
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Aharon G Freud
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Gustavo W Leone
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210;
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jianhua Yu
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210;
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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15
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van Ham M, Teich R, Philipsen L, Niemz J, Amsberg N, Wissing J, Nimtz M, Gröbe L, Kliche S, Thiel N, Klawonn F, Hubo M, Jonuleit H, Reichardt P, Müller AJ, Huehn J, Jänsch L. TCR signalling network organization at the immunological synapses of murine regulatory T cells. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:2043-2058. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco van Ham
- Cellular Proteomics; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
| | - René Teich
- Experimental Immunology; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Lars Philipsen
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology; Otto-von-Guericke University; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Jana Niemz
- Experimental Immunology; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Nicole Amsberg
- Cellular Proteomics; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Josef Wissing
- Cellular Proteomics; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Manfred Nimtz
- Cellular Proteomics; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Lothar Gröbe
- Experimental Immunology; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Stefanie Kliche
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology; Otto-von-Guericke University; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Nadine Thiel
- Experimental Immunology; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Frank Klawonn
- Cellular Proteomics; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
- Department of Computer Science; Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences; Wolfenbuettel Germany
| | - Mario Hubo
- Department of Dermatology; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - Helmut Jonuleit
- Department of Dermatology; Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - Peter Reichardt
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology; Otto-von-Guericke University; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Andreas J. Müller
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology; Otto-von-Guericke University; Magdeburg Germany
- Intravital Microscopy of Infection and Immunity; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Lothar Jänsch
- Cellular Proteomics; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
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16
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Sackstein R, Schatton T, Barthel SR. T-lymphocyte homing: an underappreciated yet critical hurdle for successful cancer immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2017; 97:669-697. [PMID: 28346400 PMCID: PMC5446300 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cancer immunotherapy have offered new hope for patients with metastatic disease. This unfolding success story has been exemplified by a growing arsenal of novel immunotherapeutics, including blocking antibodies targeting immune checkpoint pathways, cancer vaccines, and adoptive cell therapy (ACT). Nonetheless, clinical benefit remains highly variable and patient-specific, in part, because all immunotherapeutic regimens vitally hinge on the capacity of endogenous and/or adoptively transferred T-effector (Teff) cells, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, to home efficiently into tumor target tissue. Thus, defects intrinsic to the multi-step T-cell homing cascade have become an obvious, though significantly underappreciated contributor to immunotherapy resistance. Conspicuous have been low intralesional frequencies of tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes (TILs) below clinically beneficial threshold levels, and peripheral rather than deep lesional TIL infiltration. Therefore, a Teff cell 'homing deficit' may arguably represent a dominant factor responsible for ineffective immunotherapeutic outcomes, as tumors resistant to immune-targeted killing thrive in such permissive, immune-vacuous microenvironments. Fortunately, emerging data is shedding light into the diverse mechanisms of immune escape by which tumors restrict Teff cell trafficking and lesional penetrance. In this review, we scrutinize evolving knowledge on the molecular determinants of Teff cell navigation into tumors. By integrating recently described, though sporadic information of pivotal adhesive and chemokine homing signatures within the tumor microenvironment with better established paradigms of T-cell trafficking under homeostatic or infectious disease scenarios, we seek to refine currently incomplete models of Teff cell entry into tumor tissue. We further summarize how cancers thwart homing to escape immune-mediated destruction and raise awareness of the potential impact of immune checkpoint blockers on Teff cell homing. Finally, we speculate on innovative therapeutic opportunities for augmenting Teff cell homing capabilities to improve immunotherapy-based tumor eradication in cancer patients, with special focus on malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sackstein
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Program of Excellence in Glycosciences, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Rm 671, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tobias Schatton
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven R. Barthel
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Correspondence to: Dr. Steven R. Barthel, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Rm. 673B, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115;
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17
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Hobbs SJ, Nolz JC. Regulation of T Cell Trafficking by Enzymatic Synthesis of O-Glycans. Front Immunol 2017; 8:600. [PMID: 28596771 PMCID: PMC5442166 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectins constitute a family of oligosaccharide binding proteins that play critical roles in regulating the trafficking of leukocytes. In T cells, L-selectin (CD62L) controls the capacity for naive and memory T cells to actively survey peripheral lymph nodes, whereas P- and E-selectin capture activated T cells on inflamed vascular endothelium to initiate extravasation into non-lymphoid tissues. The capacity for T cells to interact with all of these selectins is dependent on the enzymatic synthesis of complex O-glycans, and thus, this protein modification plays an indispensable role in regulating the distribution and homing of both naive and previously activated T cells in vivo. In contrast to neutrophils, O-glycan synthesis is highly dynamic in T cell populations and is largely controlled by extracellular stimuli such as antigen recognition or signaling though cytokine receptors. Herein, we review the basic principles of enzymatic synthesis of complex O-glycans, discuss tools and reagents for studying this type of protein modification and highlight our current understanding of how O-glycan synthesis is regulated and subsequently impacts the trafficking potential of diverse T cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Hobbs
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Nolz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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18
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Ma C, Mishra S, Demel EL, Liu Y, Zhang N. TGF-β Controls the Formation of Kidney-Resident T Cells via Promoting Effector T Cell Extravasation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:749-756. [PMID: 27903738 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, a population of noncirculating memory T cells, are one of the essential components of immunological memory in both mouse and human. Although CD69+CD103+ TRM cells represent a major TRM cell population in barrier tissues including the mucosal surface and the skin, CD69+CD103- TRM cells dominate most nonbarrier tissues, such as the kidney. TGF-β is required for the differentiation of CD69+CD103+ TRM cells in barrier tissues. However, the developmental control of CD69+CD103- TRM cells in nonbarrier tissues remains largely unknown and the involvement of TGF-β signaling is less clear. In this study we demonstrated that TGF-β promoted the formation of kidney-resident T cells via enhancing the tissue entry of effector T cells. Mechanistically, TGF-β enhanced E- and P-selectin and inflammatory chemokine-mediated extravasation of effector T cells. Thus TGF-β controls the first developmental checkpoint of TRM cell differentiation in nonbarrier tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Shruti Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Erika L Demel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South Univeristy, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
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19
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Ebel ME, Kansas GS. Functions of Smad Transcription Factors in TGF-β1-Induced Selectin Ligand Expression on Murine CD4 Th Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2627-34. [PMID: 27543612 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Selectins are carbohydrate-binding adhesion molecules that control leukocyte traffic. Induction of selectin ligands on T cells is controlled primarily by cytokines, including TGF-β1, and requires p38α MAPK, but transcriptional mechanisms that underlie cytokine-driven selectin ligand expression are poorly understood. In this study, we show, using mice with conditional deletions of the TGF-β1-responsive transcription factors Smad2, Smad3, or Smad4, that induction of selectin ligands on CD4 cells in response to TGF-β1 requires Smad4 plus either Smad2 or Smad3. Analysis of CD4 cells from mice with only one functional Smad4 allele revealed a sharp gene dosage effect, suggesting the existence of a threshold of TGF-β1 signal strength required for selectin ligand induction. Both Smad4 plus either Smad2 or Smad3 were selectively required for induction of Fut7 and Gcnt1, glycosyltransferases critical for selectin ligand biosynthesis, but they were not required for St3gal4 or St3gal6 induction. Smad4 plus either Smad2 or Smad3 were also required for induction of Runx transcription factors by TGF-β1. Enforced expression of Runx2, but not Runx1 or Runx3, in Smad2/Smad3 doubly deficient CD4 cells restored selectin ligand expression to wild-type levels. In contrast, enforced expression of Runx1, Runx2, or Runx3 failed to restore differentiation of TGF-β1-dependent Th cell lineages, including Th17, Th9, and induced regulatory T cells. These results show that Smads are directly required for Th cell differentiation independent of Runx induction but only indirectly required via Runx2 for TGF-β1-induced selectin ligand induction on murine CD4 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Ebel
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Geoffrey S Kansas
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
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