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Ngai D, Sukka SR, Tabas I. Crosstalk between efferocytic myeloid cells and T-cells and its relevance to atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1403150. [PMID: 38873597 PMCID: PMC11169609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1403150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between myeloid cells and T-lymphocytes is critical to the regulation of host defense and inflammation resolution. Dysregulation of this interaction can contribute to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Important among these diseases is atherosclerosis, which refers to focal lesions in the arterial intima driven by elevated apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, notably low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and characterized by the formation of a plaque composed of inflammatory immune cells, a collection of dead cells and lipids called the necrotic core, and a fibrous cap. As the disease progresses, the necrotic core expands, and the fibrous cap becomes thin, which increases the risk of plaque rupture or erosion. Plaque rupture leads to a rapid thrombotic response that can give rise to heart attack, stroke, or sudden death. With marked lowering of circulating LDL, however, plaques become more stable and cardiac risk is lowered-a process known as atherosclerosis regression. A critical aspect of both atherosclerosis progression and regression is the crosstalk between innate (myeloid cells) and adaptive (T-lymphocytes) immune cells. Myeloid cells are specialized at clearing apoptotic cells by a process called efferocytosis, which is necessary for inflammation resolution. In advanced disease, efferocytosis is impaired, leading to secondary necrosis of apoptotic cells, inflammation, and, most importantly, defective tissue resolution. In regression, efferocytosis is reawakened aiding in inflammation resolution and plaque stabilization. Here, we will explore how efferocytosing myeloid cells could affect T-cell function and vice versa through antigen presentation, secreted factors, and cell-cell contacts and how this cellular crosstalk may contribute to the progression or regression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ngai
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Santosh R. Sukka
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Physiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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2
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Rizo-Téllez SA, Filep JG. Beyond host defense and tissue injury: the emerging role of neutrophils in tissue repair. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C661-C683. [PMID: 38189129 PMCID: PMC11193466 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00652.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant immune cells in human blood, play a fundamental role in host defense against invading pathogens and tissue injury. Neutrophils carry potentially lethal weaponry to the affected site. Inadvertent and perpetual neutrophil activation could lead to nonresolving inflammation and tissue damage, a unifying mechanism of many common diseases. The prevailing view emphasizes the dichotomy of their function, host defense versus tissue damage. However, tissue injury may also persist during neutropenia, which is associated with disease severity and poor outcome. Numerous studies highlight neutrophil phenotypic heterogeneity and functional versatility, indicating that neutrophils play more complex roles than previously thought. Emerging evidence indicates that neutrophils actively orchestrate resolution of inflammation and tissue repair and facilitate return to homeostasis. Thus, neutrophils mobilize multiple mechanisms to limit the inflammatory reaction, assure debris removal, matrix remodeling, cytokine scavenging, macrophage reprogramming, and angiogenesis. In this review, we will summarize the homeostatic and tissue-reparative functions and mechanisms of neutrophils across organs. We will also discuss how the healing power of neutrophils might be harnessed to develop novel resolution and repair-promoting therapies while maintaining their defense functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma A Rizo-Téllez
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal and Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - János G Filep
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal and Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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3
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Zhang W, Yin J, Deng Y, Gong Y, Sun X, Chen J. Prostaglandin E2 promotes Th17 differentiation induces corneal epithelial cell apoptosis and participates in the progression of dry eye. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 751:109823. [PMID: 37984760 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This study is mainly based on T helper type 17 (Th17) cells analysis of the mechanism of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promoting the progression of dry eye (DE). Scopolamine and dry environment were used to induce mice DE model. Celecoxib was used to inhibit PGE2. Corneal epithelial cells and CD4+ T cells were used to construct a co-culture system. The osmotic pressure was increased by adding NaCl to simulate DE in vitro. AH6809 and E7046 were used to pre-culture to inhibit EP2/4 in T cells to verify the effect of exogenous PGE2 on Th17 cell differentiation and corneal epithelial cell apoptosis. The function of Th17 cells was analyzed by detecting RORγt and interleukin-17 (IL-17). PGE2 was instilled on the ocular surface to induce DE symptoms of mice. AH6809 and E7046 were used to inhibit EP2/4. The corneal epithelial cell apoptosis was observed by TUNEL. The proportion of Th17 cells in corneal tissue and draining lymph nodes (DLNs) was detected by flow cytometry. In DE mice, the concentration of PGE2 and IL-17 increased in tears, and the proportion of Th17 increased, while inhibition of PGE2 alleviated the symptoms of DE and inhibited Th17 differentiation. Hypertonic environment induces corneal epithelial cells to secrete PGE2. PGE2 promoted the expression of EP2/4 and the differentiation of Th17 cells in vitro. The hypertonic environment promoted PGE2 level and the apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells in the co-culture system. PGE2 alone did not cause corneal epithelial cell apoptosis, while PGE2 promoted apoptosis by promoting Th17. Blocking EP2/4 reduced the induction of Th17 differentiation by PGE2 and the promoted corneal epithelial cell apoptosis. Animal experiments showed that exogenous PGE2 induced DE symptoms. Blocking EP2/4 not only inhibited the proportion of Th17, but also alleviated the apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells caused by PGE2. PGE2 induces aggravation of inflammation by promoting the level of Th17 in the ocular surface, and causes corneal epithelial cell apoptosis, thereby participating in the progression of DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan 'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianwei Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yan 'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yachun Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan 'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan 'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan 'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingyao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yan 'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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4
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Imaizumi T, Hayashi R, Kudo Y, Li X, Yamaguchi K, Shibata S, Okubo T, Ishii T, Honma Y, Nishida K. Ocular instillation of conditioned medium from mesenchymal stem cells is effective for dry eye syndrome by improving corneal barrier function. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13100. [PMID: 37567940 PMCID: PMC10421917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a chronic ocular disease that induces epithelial damage to the cornea by decreasing tear production and quality. Adequate treatment options have not been established for severe DES such as Sjogren's syndrome due to complicated pathological conditions. To solve this problem, we focused on the conditioned medium of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAdMSC-CM), which have multiple therapeutic properties. Here, we showed that hAdMSC-CM suppressed Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC)-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation in human corneal epithelial cells (hCECs). In addition, hAdMSC-CM increased the expression level and regulated the localisation of barrier function-related components, and improved the BAC-induced barrier dysfunction in hCECs. RNA-seq analysis and pharmacological inhibition experiments revealed that the effects of hAdMSC-CM were associated with the TGFβ and JAK-STAT signalling pathways. Moreover, in DES model rats with exorbital and intraorbital lacrimal gland excision, ocular instillation of hAdMSC-CM suppressed corneal epithelial damage by improving barrier dysfunction of the cornea. Thus, we demonstrated that hAdMSC-CM has multiple therapeutic properties associated with TGFβ and JAK-STAT signalling pathways, and ocular instillation of hAdMSC-CM may serve as an innovative therapeutic agent for DES by improving corneal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Imaizumi
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical, Ikuno-ku, Osaka, 544-8666, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Hayashi
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yuji Kudo
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical, Ikuno-ku, Osaka, 544-8666, Japan
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kaito Yamaguchi
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical, Ikuno-ku, Osaka, 544-8666, Japan
| | - Shun Shibata
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical, Ikuno-ku, Osaka, 544-8666, Japan
- Department of Informative Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Toru Okubo
- Department of Stem Cells and Applied Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical, Ikuno-ku, Osaka, 544-8666, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ishii
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical, Ikuno-ku, Osaka, 544-8666, Japan
| | - Yoichi Honma
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical, Ikuno-ku, Osaka, 544-8666, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Bao X, Zhong Y, Yang C, Chen Y, Han Y, Lin X, Huang C, Wang K, Liu Z, Li C. T-Cell Repertoire Analysis in the Conjunctiva of Murine Dry Eye Model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:14. [PMID: 36877515 PMCID: PMC10007900 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.3.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dry eye is closely related to the activation and proliferation of immune cells, especially T cells. However, the determination of the preferential T-cell clonotypes is technically challenging. This study aimed to investigate the characterization of T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in the conjunctiva during dry eye. Methods A desiccating stress animal model was established using C57/BL6 mice (8-10 weeks, female). After 7 days of stress stimulation, the slit-lamp image and Oregon-green-dextran staining were used to evaluate the ocular surface injury. Periodic acid-Schiff staining was used to measure the number of goblet cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect the activation and proliferation of T cells in the conjunctiva and cervical lymph nodes. Next-generation sequencing was used to detect the αβ TCR repertoire of the conjunctiva. Results The αβ TCR diversity increased significantly in the dry eye group, including the higher CDR3 amino acid length, marked gene usage on TCR V and J gene segments, extensive V(D)J recombination, and distinct CDR3 aa motifs. More important, several T-cell clonotypes were uniquely identified in dry eye. Furthermore, these perturbed rearrangements were reversed after glucocorticoid administration. Conclusions A comprehensive analysis of the αβ TCR repertoire in the conjunctiva of the dry eye mouse model was performed. Data in this study contributed significantly to the research on dry eye pathogenesis by demonstrating the TCR gene distribution and disease-specific TCR signatures. This study further provided some potential predictive T-cell biomarkers for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Bao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yanlin Zhong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yi Han
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Caihong Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kejia Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute & Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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6
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Seo EH, Lee SH, Choi BY, Oh CS, Kim JK. Exogenous Lipoxin A4 attenuates IL4-induced Mucin Expression in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:406-414. [PMID: 36860679 PMCID: PMC9969498 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.79525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) induces mucus hypersecretion by human airway epithelial cells and the MAP kinase signalling pathway may be important in terms of IL-4-induced MUC5AC gene expression. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is an arachidonic acid-derived mediator that promotes inflammation by binding to the anti-inflammatory receptors (ALXs) or the formyl-peptide receptor like-1 (FPRL1) protein expressed by airway epithelial cells. Here, we explore the effects of LXA4 on IL-4-induced mucin gene expression in, and secretion from, human airway epithelial cells. Methods: We co-treated cells with IL-4 (20 ng/mL) and LXA4 (1 nM) and measured the expression levels of mRNAs encoding MUC5AC and 5B via real-time polymerase chain reaction; protein expression levels were determined by Western blotting and immunocytofluorescence. The ability of IL-4 and LXA4 to suppress protein expression was determined by Western blotting. Results: IL-4 increased MUC5AC and 5B gene and protein expression. LXA4 suppressed IL-4-induced MUC5AC and 5B gene and protein expression by interacting with the IL4 receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, including both phospho-p38 MAPK and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (phospho-ERK). IL-4 and LXA4 increased and decreased, respectively, the number of cells that stained with anti-MUC5AC and 5B antibodies. Conclusions: LXA4 may regulate mucus hypersecretion induced by IL4 in human airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Seo
- BKPlus21, Department of Microbiology, School of medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- BKPlus21, Department of Microbiology, School of medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Yoon Choi
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung-Sik Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kook Kim
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, School of medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Ali M, Shah D, Coursey TG, Lee SM, Balasubramaniam A, Yadavalli T, Edward D, Son KN, Shukla D, Aakalu VK. Modulation of ocular surface desiccation in a murine model by histatin-5 application. Ocul Surf 2023; 27:30-37. [PMID: 36513277 PMCID: PMC10355159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the efficacy of Histatin-5 (Hst5) peptide treatment in ameliorating dry eye disease (DED) phenotype in an in-vivo mouse model of scopolamine and desiccating stress (SDS) dry eye. METHODS SDS was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by subcutaneous injections of scopolamine hydrobromide and exposure to low relative humidity and forced air draft for five days. Mouse eyes were topically treated with synthetic Hst5 peptide or balanced salt solution (BSS) twice a day for four days. Control mice were not exposed to SDS induction and did not receive any treatments. Oregon green dextran (OGD) staining was used to evaluate corneal permeability. Histologically, staining with periodic acid schiff (PAS), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), were used to quantify the number of goblet cells (GC), CD45+ immune cells and apoptotic cells respectively in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) mouse whole eye sections. RESULTS Compared to treatment with BSS, Hst5 treatment significantly lowered corneal epithelial permeability, prevented conjunctival epithelial GC loss, decreased conjunctival CD45+ immune cell infiltration and reduced conjunctival epithelial cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Hst5 peptide topical treatment significantly improves the clinical parameters observed in SDS experimental model of DED. This is the first report of the efficacy of Hst5 treatment of dry eye phenotype, and potential novel treatment for DED in the clinic. Hst5 represents a new class of efficacious therapeutic agents, demonstrating pro-epithelial and anti-inflammatory activities at the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Dhara Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | | | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Arun Balasubramaniam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Tejabhiram Yadavalli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Deepak Edward
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Kyung-No Son
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Vinay Kumar Aakalu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Schallhorn JM, McGee S, Nau J, Macsai M, Gibson A, Blemker G, Hendrix LH, Massaro-Giordano M. OC-01 (Varenicline Solution) Nasal Spray for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease Signs and Symptoms in Subjects with Autoimmune Disease: Integrated Data from ONSET-1 and ONSET-2. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:725-734. [PMID: 36895950 PMCID: PMC9990452 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s403953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We evaluate the treatment effect of OC-01 (varenicline solution) nasal spray (VNS) in dry eye disease (DED) subjects from two randomized trials who self-reported autoimmune disease (AID). Patients and Methods Post hoc subgroup analysis of subjects reporting a history of AID from the integrated OC-01 VNS 0.03 or 0.06 mg and vehicle control (VC) treatment groups of the ONSET-1 and ONSET-2 trials. Mean change in Schirmer test with anesthesia score (STS, mm) and Eye Dryness Score (EDS) from baseline to 28 days was compared between OC-01 VNS and VC groups. Consistency of treatment effect in subjects with and without AID was evaluated using treatment-subgroup interaction terms in ANCOVA models for mean changes from baseline STS and EDS, and in a logistic regression model for proportion achieving ≥10 mm STS improvement. Results Of the 891 participants, 31 reported comorbid AID. In all models, the treatment-subgroup interaction terms were not significant (p>0.05), indicating consistency of therapeutic effect of OC-01 VNS in subjects with and without AID. In subjects with AID, the treatment difference for STS was 11.8 mm and -9.3 for EDS and difference for proportion of subjects with ≥10 mm STS improvement was 61.1%. The most common adverse event was sneeze (82-84%), graded as mild by 98% of subjects. Conclusion OC-01 VNS demonstrated consistency in improving both tear production and patient-reported symptoms in subjects with AID, consistent with pivotal ONSET-1 and 2 trial results. Further investigation is warranted, and results may further support use of OC-01 VNS for DED in AID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Schallhorn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Francis I, Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mina Massaro-Giordano
- Scheie Eye Institute, Penn Dry Eye and Ocular Surface Center, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Wang S, Qian X, Shen C, Sun Q, Jing Y, Liu B, Zhang K, Li M, Wang J, Zhou H, Dong C. The protective effects of lipoxin A4 on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A Chinese prospective cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1109747. [PMID: 36742389 PMCID: PMC9892446 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1109747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several cellular and animal studies have suggested that lipoxin A4 (LXA4) has a protective effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development. However, little is known about whether LXA4 influences T2DM development at the population level. METHODS We included 2755 non-diabetic participants from a cohort study in China who were followed for about seven years. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between LXA4 and incident T2DM. Mediation models were used to examine how serum lipids as mediators impact the association between LXA4 and T2DM. RESULTS In total, 172 newly diagnosed T2DM cases were identified. Multivariate-adjusted HR for T2DM in the fourth compared with the first quartile of LXA4 was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.40-0.96). When used the optimal cutoff value determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve, the results showed participants with LXA4 > 2.84 ng/mL had a decreased T2DM risk compared to those with LXA4 ≤ 2.84 ng/mL (HR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.45-0.89). The effect of LXA4 on incident T2DM was significantly modified by gender (P -interaction = 0.024) and family history of diabetes (P -interaction = 0.025). Additionally, the association between LXA4 and incident T2DM was partially suppressed by the TyG and TG/HDL-c ratio, with a suppression proportion of 22.2% and 16.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Higher LXA4 levels are significantly associated with a lower risk of T2DM development. The present findings would be helpful in understanding the effect of LXA4 on T2DM development at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qian
- Division of non-communicable diseases, Suzhou Industrial Park Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Soochow, China
| | - Chao Shen
- Division of non-communicable diseases, Suzhou Industrial Park Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Soochow, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Jing
- Division of non-communicable diseases, Suzhou Industrial Park Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Soochow, China
| | - Bingyue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junrong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Division of non-communicable diseases, Suzhou Industrial Park Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Soochow, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Dong, ; Hui Zhou,
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Dong, ; Hui Zhou,
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10
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Sex-based differences in conjunctival goblet cell responses to pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16305. [PMID: 36175572 PMCID: PMC9522727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many conjunctival inflammatory diseases differ between the sexes and altered conjunctival goblet cells (CGCs) response is often involved. Inflammation is initiated by the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and terminated by the biosynthesis of specialized pro-resolution mediators (SPMs). Herein, we determined the sex-based difference in the responses of CGCs to inflammatory stimuli or pro-resolving lipid SPMs and their interaction with sex hormones. GCs were cultured from pieces of human conjunctiva in RPMI media. CGCs were transferred 24 h before the start of experiments to phenol red-free and FBS-free media to minimize exogenous hormones. RT-PCR, immunofluorescence microscopy (IF), and Western Blot (WB) were performed to determine the presence of sex hormone receptors. Cellular response to pro-inflammatory stimuli or SPMs was studied by measuring the increase in intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) using fura 2/AM microscopy. Use of RT-PCR demonstrated estrogen receptor (ER) α in 4/5 males and 3/3 females; ERβ in 2/4 males and 2/3 females; and androgen receptors (AR) in 3/3 male and 3/3 female CGCs. Positive immunoreactivity by IF and protein expression by WB was detected using antibodies for the ERα and ERβ in 3/3 males and 3/3 females, while AR were only present in males. Significantly different Ca2+ responses between sexes were found with carbachol only at 10–3 M, but not with histamine or leukotriene (LT) B4 at any concentration used. Incubation with dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estrone (E1), or estradiol (E2) at 10–7 M for 30 min significantly inhibited the LTB4-stimulated [Ca2+]i increase in male and female CGCs. Incubation with DHT, E1, and E2 overnight significantly inhibited the LTB4 response in females, while DHT and E2 significantly inhibited the LTB4 response in males. The SPM lipoxin A4 (LXA4) (10–9–10−8 M), but not the resolvins D1 or D2, induced an [Ca2+]i increase that was significantly higher in males compared to females. We conclude that male and female CGCs showed differences in the expression of sex hormone receptors. Treatment with sex hormones altered pro-inflammatory mediator LTB4-induced response. Males compared to females have a higher response to the ω-6-fatty acid derived SPM LXA4, indicating males may terminate inflammation in conjunctival goblet cells faster than females.
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Yu Z, Joy S, Mi T, Yazdanpanah G, Burgess K, de Paiva CS. New, potent, small molecule agonists of tyrosine kinase receptors attenuate dry eye disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:937142. [PMID: 36091713 PMCID: PMC9453230 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.937142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin3 (NT-3) bind to tyrosine kinase (Trk) receptors, TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC, respectively. This study investigated the efficacy of novel molecule agonists of Trk receptors in an in vivo model of dry eye disease (DED). Small molecule TrkC agonist (C1) and a pan-Trk agonist (pan) were synthesized for this. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to desiccating stress (DS) and received bilateral eye drops of C1, pan, or vehicle (2x/day). Dry eye signs, inflammation and expression of corneal barrier function, and conjunctival goblet cell (GC) densities were measured as part of the DED phenotype. Corneal epithelial lysates were collected for either western blot or RNA extraction. Extracted total RNAs were used for NanoString analyses. Immunofluorescent staining was performed on whole-mount corneas using anti-TNFAIP3 and anti-EP4 antibodies. Compared to vehicle, mice subjected to desiccating stress and treated with agonists pan and C1 showed improved corneal barrier function, while C1 also increased GC density. NanoString analyses revealed upregulation of specific mRNA transcripts (Ptger4, Tnfaip3, Il1a and Ptger4, Tlr3, Osal1) in pan- and C1-treated corneas compared to vehicle-treated corneas. Western blots showed that pan and C1 decreased vehicle-induced NFkB nuclear translocation after DS for one day and increased EP4 and TNFAIP3 protein levels after 5 days of DS in corneal epithelium lysates. We conclude that small-molecule agonists of Trk receptors improve DED by decreasing NFkB activation and increasing protein expression of anti-inflammatory molecules TNFAIP3 and EP4. Surprisingly, the most efficacious small molecule agonists were not TrkA selective but TrkC and panTrk, suggesting that wider exploration of TrkB and C and pan Trk agonists are warranted in efforts to treat DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Cullen Eye Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shaon Joy
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Tianxiong Mi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ghasem Yazdanpanah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Cullen Eye Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Cintia S. de Paiva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Cullen Eye Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Cintia S. de Paiva,
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12
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Pro- and anti-inflammatory bioactive lipids imbalance contributes to the pathobiology of autoimmune diseases. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022:10.1038/s41430-022-01173-8. [PMID: 35701524 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are driven by TH17 cells that secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially IL-17. Under normal physiological conditions, autoreactive T cells are suppressed by TGF-β and IL-10 secreted by microglia and dendritic cells. When this balance is upset due to injury, infection and other causes, leukocyte recruitment and macrophage activation occurs resulting in secretion of pro-inflammatory IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17 and PGE2, LTs (leukotrienes) accompanied by a deficiency of anti-inflammatory LXA4, resolvins, protecting, and maresins. PGE2 facilitates TH1 cell differentiation and promotes immune-mediated inflammation through TH17 expansion. There is evidence to suggest that autoimmune diseases can be suppressed by anti-inflammatory bioactive lipids LXA4, resolvins, protecting, and maresins. These results imply that systemic and/or local application of LXA4, resolvins, protecting, and maresins and administration of their precursors AA/EPA/DHA could form a potential therapeutic approach in the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Gronert K, Modi A, Asfaha K, Chen S, Dow E, Joslin S, Chemaly M, Fadli Z, Sonoda L, Liang B. Silicone hydrogel contact lenses retain and document ocular surface lipid mediator profiles. Clin Exp Optom 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35658852 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2083945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE A leading reason for patients to abandon their contact lenses is discomfort. Mechanisms and biomarkers for lens discomfort remain to be elucidated. BACKGROUND Physical stress and tear film interaction are likely factors for lens discomfort. Lipid mediators are generated from polyunsaturated fatty acids. They regulate ocular surface physiology and pathophysiology, are constituents of human tears and may interact with contact lenses. This study set out to determine if hydrogel lenses and silicone hydrogel lenses interact with tear film polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids-derived mediators. METHODS In vitro incubations, rat experiments and analysis of worn human lenses assessed polyunsaturated fatty acids and lipid mediator interactions with lenses. Silicone hydrogel and hydrogel lenses were incubated with lipid mediators and polyunsaturated fatty acids up to 24 hours. Rats were fitted with custom silicone hydrogel lenses and basal tears collected. Silicone hydrogel lenses worn for 2 weeks were obtained from 57 human subjects. Tear and lens lipidomes were quantified by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Silicone hydrogel lenses retained polyunsaturated fatty acids and lipid mediators within 15 minutes in vitro. Lenses contained 90% of total polyunsaturated fatty acids and 83-89% of total monohydroxy fatty acids by 12 hours. Retention correlated with polarity of lipid mediators and lipophilic properties of silicone hydrogel lenses. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and lipid mediators such as lipoxygenase- and cyclooxygenase-derived eicosanoids were present in tears and worn lenses from rats. Worn silicone hydrogel lenses from human subjects established robust and lens-type specific lipidomes with high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, lipoxygenase-pathway markers and subject-specific differences in lipoxin A4 and leukotriene B4. CONCLUSION Worn silicone hydrogel lenses rapidly retain and accumulate tear polyunsaturated fatty acids and lipid mediators. Marked subject and lens type differences in the lipidome may document changes in ocular surface physiology, cell activation or infection that are associated with lens wear. If contact lens discomfort and adverse events induce specific tear and lens fatty acid and lipid mediator profiles warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Gronert
- Vision Science Program, Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Arnav Modi
- Vision Science Program, Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kaleb Asfaha
- Vision Science Program, Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Chen
- Vision Science Program, Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Dow
- Advance Science and Technology, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Scott Joslin
- Advance Science and Technology, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mike Chemaly
- Advance Science and Technology, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Zohra Fadli
- Advance Science and Technology, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Leilani Sonoda
- Advance Science and Technology, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Bailin Liang
- Advance Science and Technology, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Zou S, Jiao X, Liu J, Qi D, Pei X, Lu D, Huang S, Li Z. High-Fat Nutritional Challenge Reshapes Circadian Signatures in Murine Extraorbital Lacrimal Glands. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:23. [PMID: 35588356 PMCID: PMC9123521 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.5.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A high-fat diet (HFD) increases the risk of developing many systemic diseases; however, the effects of high fat intake on lacrimal gland functions and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are unknown. We explored the effects of an HFD on the circadian rhythms of the extraorbital lacrimal glands (ELGs). Methods Male C57BL/6J mice maintained on a 12/12-hour light/dark cycle were fed an ad libitum HFD or normal chow (NC) for 2 weeks. The ELGs were collected from euthanized animals every 3 hours throughout the circadian cycle (24 hours). Using high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq), we studied the circadian transcriptomic profile of the ELGs. Circadian oscillations in cell size, secretion response, lipid deposition, and immune cell trafficking of the ELGs were also analyzed. Results An HFD modulated the circadian transcriptomic profile of the ELGs, including the composition, phase, and amplitude of cyclical transcript oscillations, and affected the associated signaling pathways at spatiotemporal levels. HFD feeding significantly altered the normal rhythmic oscillations of ELG cell size, immune cell trafficking, secretion response, and lipid deposition. After dietary reversal in HFD-fed animals, the activity, core temperature, and lipid accumulation in lacrimal glands recovered partially to the level of NC-fed animals. However, the average cell size of the ELGs, the recruitment of immune cells, and the rhythm of lacrimal secretion did not return to the levels of the NC-fed group. Conclusions HFD perturbation interferes with the cyclical transcriptomic profile, cell size, immune cell trafficking, and secretion function of the ELGs with a strikingly high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zou
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Xinwei Jiao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Jiangman Liu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Di Qi
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Xiaoting Pei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Shenzhen Huang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou City, China
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15
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Resolution of inflammation: Intervention strategies and future applications. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 449:116089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Tan J, Taitz J, Sun SM, Langford L, Ni D, Macia L. Your Regulatory T Cells Are What You Eat: How Diet and Gut Microbiota Affect Regulatory T Cell Development. Front Nutr 2022; 9:878382. [PMID: 35529463 PMCID: PMC9067578 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.878382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern industrial practices have transformed the human diet over the last century, increasing the consumption of processed foods. Dietary imbalance of macro- and micro-nutrients and excessive caloric intake represent significant risk factors for various inflammatory disorders. Increased ingestion of food additives, residual contaminants from agricultural practices, food processing, and packaging can also contribute deleteriously to disease development. One common hallmark of inflammatory disorders, such as autoimmunity and allergies, is the defect in anti-inflammatory regulatory T cell (Treg) development and/or function. Treg represent a highly heterogeneous population of immunosuppressive immune cells contributing to peripheral tolerance. Tregs either develop in the thymus from autoreactive thymocytes, or in the periphery, from naïve CD4+ T cells, in response to environmental antigens and cues. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that various dietary factors can directly regulate Treg development. These dietary factors can also indirectly modulate Treg differentiation by altering the gut microbiota composition and thus the production of bacterial metabolites. This review provides an overview of Treg ontogeny, both thymic and peripherally differentiated, and highlights how diet and gut microbiota can regulate Treg development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jemma Taitz
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shir Ming Sun
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lachlan Langford
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Duan Ni
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Cytometry, The University of Sydney and The Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Laurence Macia
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Perez-Hernandez J, Chiurchiù V, Perruche S, You S. Regulation of T-Cell Immune Responses by Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators. Front Immunol 2021; 12:768133. [PMID: 34868025 PMCID: PMC8635229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.768133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the initiation and the resolution of inflammatory responses are governed by the sequential activation, migration, and control/suppression of immune cells at the site of injury. Bioactive lipids play a major role in the fine-tuning of this dynamic process in a timely manner. During inflammation and its resolution, polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and macrophages switch from producing pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes to specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), namely, lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins, which are operative at the local level to limit further inflammation and tissue injury and restore homeostasis. Accumulating evidences expand now the role and actions of these lipid mediators from innate to adaptive immunity. In particular, SPMs have been shown to contribute to the control of chronic inflammation, and alterations in their production and/or function have been associated with the persistence of several pathological conditions, including autoimmunity, in human and experimental models. In this review, we focus on the impact of pro-resolving lipids on T cells through their ability to modulate T-cell responses. In particular, the effects of the different families of SPMs to restrain effector T-cell functions while promoting regulatory T cells will be reviewed, along with the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the emerging concept of SPMs as new biological markers for disease diagnostic and progression and as putative therapeutic tools to regulate the development and magnitude of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Perez-Hernandez
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, Institut National de la Santé et de le Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Departament of Nutrition and Health, Valencian International University (VIU), Valencia, Spain
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, European Center for Brain Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Sylvain Perruche
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bourgogne-Franche Comté (BFC), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)1098 Research on Interaction between Graft, Host and Tumor (RIGHT), Interactions Hôte Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Integrated Center for REsearch in inflammatory diseASes (InCREASe), Besançon, France.,MED'INN'Pharma, Besançon, France
| | - Sylvaine You
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, Institut National de la Santé et de le Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
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18
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Marques RM, Gonzalez-Nunez M, Walker ME, Gomez EA, Colas RA, Montero-Melendez T, Perretti M, Dalli J. Loss of 15-lipoxygenase disrupts T reg differentiation altering their pro-resolving functions. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:3140-3160. [PMID: 34040168 PMCID: PMC8563763 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are central in the maintenance of homeostasis and resolution of inflammation. However, the mechanisms that govern their differentiation and function are not completely understood. Herein, we demonstrate a central role for the lipid mediator biosynthetic enzyme 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) in regulating key aspects of Treg biology. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of ALOX15 in Tregs decreased FOXP3 expression, altered Treg transcriptional profile and shifted their metabolism. This was linked with an impaired ability of Alox15-deficient cells to exert their pro-resolving actions, including a decrease in their ability to upregulate macrophage efferocytosis and a downregulation of interferon gamma expression in Th1 cells. Incubation of Tregs with the ALOX15-derived specilized pro-resolving mediators (SPM)s Resolvin (Rv)D3 and RvD5n-3 DPA rescued FOXP3 expression in cells where ALOX15 activity was inhibited. In vivo, deletion of Alox15 led to increased vascular lipid load and expansion of Th1 cells in mice fed western diet, a phenomenon that was reversed when Alox15-deficient mice were reconstituted with wild type Tregs. Taken together these findings demonstrate a central role of pro-resolving lipid mediators in governing the differentiation of naive T-cells to Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel M Marques
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Maria Gonzalez-Nunez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Mary E Walker
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Esteban A Gomez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Romain A Colas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Trinidad Montero-Melendez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Wang G, Li H, Long H, Gong X, Hu S, Gong C. Exosomes Derived From Mouse Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate BAC-induced Mouse Dry Eye Model Via Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome. Ophthalmic Res 2021; 65:40-51. [PMID: 34530425 DOI: 10.1159/000519458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Honghui Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Hongmei Long
- Department of Endocrine, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Xileyuan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Shufang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Can Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
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Jiao X, Pei X, Lu D, Qi D, Huang S, He S, Li Z. Microbial Reconstitution Improves Aging-Driven Lacrimal Gland Circadian Dysfunction. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:2091-2116. [PMID: 34428426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lacrimal glands are highly susceptible to aging and exhibit age-related structural and functional alterations. However, the mechanisms by which aging affects the lacrimal glands are not well-established. The current study explores the crosstalk between the aging process, gut microbiota, and circadian rhythm in age-associated lacrimal gland dysfunction. C57BL/6J mice were divided into young, old, and fecal microbiota transplant (FMT)-treated old groups. The gut bacterial community diversity was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Exorbital lacrimal glands (ELGs) were collected at 3-hour intervals over a 24-hour circadian cycle, and total RNA was subjected to high-throughput sequencing. Rhythmic transcriptional data were analyzed using the Jonckheere-Terpstra-Kendall algorithm and bioinformatics analysis technology. Immunostaining was used to identify lymphocytic infiltration, lipid deposition, and nerve innervation in the ELGs. Compared with young mice, old mice underwent a significant gut microbial community shift. The rhythmically transcriptomic profile was significantly reprogrammed over a 24-hour cycle in the old ELG group. Intervention with serial FMT from young donors for 1 month rejuvinated the gut microbial community of the old mice. Most alterations in rhythmic transcriptomic profiling were improved. Furthermore, chronic inflammation, lipid deposition, and aberrant neural response of the aging lacrimal glands were significantly reduced. Thus, the study shows that reconstitution of age-associated gut dysbiosis with FMTs from young donors improves aging-driven lacrimal gland circadian dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Jiao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Pei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dingli Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Qi
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shenzhen Huang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siyu He
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China.
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21
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de Paiva CS, Trujillo-Vargas CM, Schaefer L, Yu Z, Britton RA, Pflugfelder SC. Differentially Expressed Gene Pathways in the Conjunctiva of Sjögren Syndrome Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702755. [PMID: 34349764 PMCID: PMC8326832 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune condition that targets the salivary and lacrimal glands, with cardinal clinical signs of dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca, KCS) and dry mouth. The conjunctiva of SS patients is often infiltrated by immune cells that participate in the induction and maintenance of local inflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate immune-related molecular pathways activated in the conjunctiva of SS patients. Female SS patients (n=7) and controls (n=19) completed a series of oral, ocular surface exams. Symptom severity scores were evaluated using validated questionnaires (OSDI and SANDE). All patients fulfilled the ACR/EULAR criteria for SS and the criteria for KCS. Fluorescein and lissamine green dye staining evaluated tear-break-up time (TBUT), corneal and conjunctival disease, respectively. Impression cytology of the temporal bulbar conjunctiva was performed to collect cells lysed and subjected to gene expression analysis using the NanoString Immunology Panel. 53/594 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed between SS and healthy controls; 49 DEGs were upregulated, and 4 were downregulated (TRAF5, TGFBI, KLRAP1, and CMKLRI). The top 10 DEGs in descending order were BST2, IFITM1, LAMP3, CXCL1, IL19, CFB, LY96, MX1, IL4R, CDKN1A. Twenty pathways had a global significance score greater or equal to 2. Spearman correlations showed that 29/49 upregulated DEGs correlated with either TBUT (inverse) or OSDI or conjunctival staining score (positive correlations). Venn diagrams identified that 26/29 DEGs correlated with TBUT, 5/26 DEGs correlated with OSDI, and 16/26 correlated with conjunctival staining scores. Five upregulated DEGs (CFB, CFI, IL1R1, IL2RG, IL4R) were uniquely negatively correlated with TBUT. These data indicate that the conjunctiva of SS patients exhibits a phenotype of immune activation, although some genes could be inhibitory. Some of the DEGs and pathways overlap with previous DEGs in salivary gland biopsies, but new DEGs were identified, and some of these correlated with symptoms and signs of dry eye. Our results indicate that gene analysis of conjunctiva imprints is a powerful tool to understand the pathogenesis of SS and develop new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia S. de Paiva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Claudia M. Trujillo-Vargas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Laura Schaefer
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert A. Britton
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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22
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Galletti JG, de Paiva CS. The ocular surface immune system through the eyes of aging. Ocul Surf 2021; 20:139-162. [PMID: 33621658 PMCID: PMC8113112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the last century, advances in healthcare, housing, and education have led to an increase in life expectancy. Longevity is accompanied by a higher prevalence of age-related diseases, such as cancer, autoimmunity, diabetes, and infection, and part of this increase in disease incidence relates to the significant changes that aging brings about in the immune system. The eye is not spared by aging either, presenting with age-related disorders of its own, and interestingly, many of these diseases have immune pathophysiology. Being delicate organs that must be exposed to the environment in order to capture light, the eyes are endowed with a mucosal environment that protects them, the so-called ocular surface. As in other mucosal sites, immune responses at the ocular surface need to be swift and potent to eliminate threats but are at the same time tightly controlled to prevent excessive inflammation and bystander damage. This review will detail how aging affects the mucosal immune response of the ocular surface as a whole and how this process relates to the higher incidence of ocular surface disease in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremias G Galletti
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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23
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Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators and the Lymphatic System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052750. [PMID: 33803130 PMCID: PMC7963193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diminished lymphatic function and abnormal morphology are common in chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent studies are investigating whether it is possible to target chronic inflammation by promoting resolution of inflammation, in order to enhance lymphatic function and attenuate disease. Resolution of inflammation is an active process regulated by bioactive lipids known as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). SPMs can modulate leukocyte migration and function, alter cytokine/chemokine release, modify autophagy, among other immune-related activities. Here, we summarize the role of the lymphatics in resolution of inflammation and lymphatic impairment in chronic inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the current literature describing the connection between SPMs and the lymphatics, and the possibility of targeting the lymphatics with innovative SPM therapy to promote resolution of inflammation and mitigate disease.
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24
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Flitter BA, Fang X, Matthay MA, Gronert K. The potential of lipid mediator networks as ocular surface therapeutics and biomarkers. Ocul Surf 2021; 19:104-114. [PMID: 32360792 PMCID: PMC7606340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In the last twenty years an impressive body of evidence in diverse inflammatory animal disease models and human tissues, has established polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) derived specialized-pro-resolving mediators (SPM), as essential mediators for controlling acute inflammation, immune responses, wound healing and for resolving acute inflammation in many non-ocular tissues. SPM pathways and receptors are highly expressed in the ocular surface where they regulate wound healing, nerve regeneration, innate immunity and sex-specific regulation of auto-immune responses. Recent evidence indicates that in the eye these resident SPM networks are important for maintaining ocular surface health and immune homeostasis. Here, we will review and discuss evidence for SPMs and other PUFA-derived mediators as important endogenous regulators, biomarkers for ocular surface health and disease and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becca A Flitter
- School of Optometry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xiaohui Fang
- Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karsten Gronert
- School of Optometry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Infectious Diseases and Immunity Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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25
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Gomez EA, Colas RA, Souza PR, Hands R, Lewis MJ, Bessant C, Pitzalis C, Dalli J. Blood pro-resolving mediators are linked with synovial pathology and are predictive of DMARD responsiveness in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5420. [PMID: 33110080 PMCID: PMC7591509 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are needed for predicting the effectiveness of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Here, using functional lipid mediator profiling and deeply phenotyped patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we observe that peripheral blood specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) concentrations are linked with both DMARD responsiveness and disease pathotype. Machine learning analysis demonstrates that baseline plasma concentrations of resolvin D4, 10S, 17S-dihydroxy-docosapentaenoic acid, 15R-Lipoxin (LX)A4 and n-3 docosapentaenoic-derived Maresin 1 are predictive of DMARD responsiveness at 6 months. Assessment of circulating SPM concentrations 6-months after treatment initiation establishes that differences between responders and non-responders are maintained, with a decrease in SPM concentrations in patients resistant to DMARD therapy. These findings elucidate the potential utility of plasma SPM concentrations as biomarkers of DMARD responsiveness in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban A Gomez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Romain A Colas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Patricia R Souza
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Rebecca Hands
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Myles J Lewis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Conrad Bessant
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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26
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Postnikoff CK, Held K, Viswanath V, Nichols KK. Enhanced closed eye neutrophil degranulation in dry eye disease. Ocul Surf 2020; 18:841-851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Fan NW, Dohlman TH, Foulsham W, McSoley M, Singh RB, Chen Y, Dana R. The role of Th17 immunity in chronic ocular surface disorders. Ocul Surf 2020; 19:157-168. [PMID: 32470612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Th17 cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. At the ocular surface, Th17 cells have been identified as key effector cells in chronic ocular surface disease. Evidence from murine studies indicates that following differentiation and expansion, Th17 cells migrate from the lymphoid tissues to the eye, where they release inflammatory cytokines including, but not limited to, their hallmark cytokine IL-17A. As the acute phase subsides, a population of long-lived memory Th17 cells persist, which predispose hosts both to chronic inflammation and severe exacerbations of disease; of great interest is the small subset of Th17/1 cells that secrete both IL-17A and IFN-γ in acute-on-chronic disease exacerbation. Over the past decade, substantial progress has been made in deciphering how Th17 cells interact with the immune and neuroimmune pathways that mediate chronic ocular surface disease. Here, we review (i) the evidence for Th17 immunity in chronic ocular surface disease, (ii) regulatory mechanisms that constrain the Th17 immune response, and (iii) novel therapeutic strategies targeting Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Wen Fan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thomas H Dohlman
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - William Foulsham
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Matthew McSoley
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Rohan Bir Singh
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yihe Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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28
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Wei J, Mattapallil MJ, Horai R, Jittayasothorn Y, Modi AP, Sen HN, Gronert K, Caspi RR. A novel role for lipoxin A 4 in driving a lymph node-eye axis that controls autoimmunity to the neuroretina. eLife 2020; 9:e51102. [PMID: 32118582 PMCID: PMC7064344 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The eicosanoid lipoxin A4 (LXA4) has emerging roles in lymphocyte-driven diseases. We identified reduced LXA4 levels in posterior segment uveitis patients and investigated the role of LXA4 in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Immunization for EAU with a retinal self-antigen caused selective downregulation of LXA4 in lymph nodes draining the site of immunization, while at the same time amplifying LXA4 in the inflamed target tissue. T cell effector function, migration and glycolytic responses were amplified in LXA4-deficient mice, which correlated with more severe pathology, whereas LXA4 treatment attenuated disease. In vivo deletion or supplementation of LXA4 identified modulation of CC-chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) and sphingosine 1- phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1) expression and glucose metabolism in CD4+ T cells as potential mechanisms for LXA4 regulation of T cell effector function and trafficking. Our results demonstrate the intrinsic lymph node LXA4 pathway as a significant checkpoint in the development and severity of adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wei
- Vision Science Program, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Mary J Mattapallil
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Reiko Horai
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Yingyos Jittayasothorn
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Arnav P Modi
- School of Optometry, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - H Nida Sen
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Karsten Gronert
- Vision Science Program, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- School of Optometry, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Rachel R Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
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29
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Yu N, Van Dyke TE. Periodontitis: a host mediated disruption of microbial homeostasis. CURRENT ORAL HEALTH REPORTS 2020; 7:3-11. [PMID: 34113536 PMCID: PMC8189440 DOI: 10.1007/s40496-020-00256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In a prolific scientific career, Dr. Robert J. Genco dedicated himself to enriching our understanding of the pathogenesis of periodontitis. During a period of time in the 1970s and 1980s, when periodontitis was considered a classic infectious disease, Bob had the foresight to investigate and characterize the immune/inflammatory response in periodontitis, particularly Juvenile Periodontitis. His leadership in this area brought to the fore our appreciation of host-microbiome interactions that many years later (2008) culminated in the realization that periodontitis is a fundamental inflammatory disease. In this review, the question of how the host regulates the inflammatory response will be addressed in the context of how more recently-discovered pathways of resolution of inflammation play a role in disease pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS The host inflammatory response to commensal organisms creates excess inflammation in susceptible individuals and likely drives the dysbiosis of the oral microbiome observed in people with Periodontitis. In periodontal health, the oral microbiome is in balance with the host response. It is the loss of this symbiotic relationship with excess inflammation and microbiome dysbiosis that characterizes progressive disease. In recent years, the role of mediators of resolution of inflammation in the loss of balance and their potential use as therapeutics to restore homeostasis has extended our knowledge of how the host drives immune responses to affect oral dysbiosis. SUMMARY Dr. Genco provided the foundation for our ever-emerging understanding host-microbial interactions. The discovery of inflammation resolution pathways has furthered our knowledge in periodontal homeostasis. More studies are needed to understand how the host regulates the microbiome to fulfill the ultimate goal of more efficient therapeutics for periodontitis and related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yu
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142
| | - Thomas E. Van Dyke
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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30
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Wang C, Schaefer L, Bian F, Yu Z, Pflugfelder SC, Britton RA, de Paiva CS. Dysbiosis Modulates Ocular Surface Inflammatory Response to Liposaccharide. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 60:4224-4233. [PMID: 31618426 PMCID: PMC6795342 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the inflammatory response of cornea and conjunctiva to topically applied lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice with and without antibiotic (antibiotic cocktail, ABX) induced dysbiosis. Methods Dysbiosis was induced by oral antibiotics for 14 days in a group of conventional female C57BL/6J (B6) mice. 16S rRNA sequencing investigated microbiome composition. Intestinal microbiome differences were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal pellet DNA. Blood was collected after euthanasia. CD86 expression in draining nodes was examined by flow cytometry. At day 15, a single dose of LPS or vehicle was topically applied to ABX and naïve mice. Corneal epithelium and conjunctiva were obtained after 4 hours and processed for gene expression analysis. A separate group of germ-free (GF) B6 mice was also topically challenged with LPS. Results Antibiotic treatment significantly decreased intestinal diversity and increased serum levels of LPS. This was accompanied by a significant increase in CD86+MHC II+CD11c+CD11b+ cells in draining nodes. Compared to vehicle, topically applied LPS increased IL-1β, TNF-α, and CXCL10 mRNA transcripts in cornea and IL-1β, TNF-α, and CXCL10 in the conjunctiva in conventional and antibiotic-treated groups. However, there was higher TNF-α, CXCL10, and IL-12 expression in the cornea of LPS-treated ABX mice compared to LPS-treated mice with intact microbiota. LPS stimulation on GF conjunctiva mirrored the results in ABX mice, although greater IL-12 and IFN-γ expression was observed in GF conjunctiva compared to conventional LPS-treated mice. Conclusions Acute depletion of commensals through antibiotics or germ-free environment worsens the inflammatory response to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Wang
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China.,Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Laura Schaefer
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Fang Bian
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Stephen C Pflugfelder
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Robert A Britton
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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31
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Mecum NE, Cyr D, Malon J, Demers D, Cao L, Meng ID. Evaluation of Corneal Damage After Lacrimal Gland Excision in Male and Female Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:3264-3274. [PMID: 31369671 PMCID: PMC6675517 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lacrimal gland excision (LGE) has been utilized in several studies to model aqueous tear deficiency, yet sex as a biological variable has not been factored in to these reports. This study compared corneal pathology in male and female mice following LGE-induced dry eye. Methods An LGE of either the extraorbital lacrimal gland (single LGE) or both the extraorbital and intraorbital lacrimal glands (double LGE) was performed in male and female C57BL/6J and Balb/cJ mice to produce dry eye of graded severity. Following excision, tearing was evaluated with phenol red thread, and corneal fluorescein staining was scored to quantify the severity of damage. Corneas were evaluated for apoptosis by the TUNEL assay and for cell proliferation using Ki67 staining. Furthermore, corneas were harvested and analyzed for macrophages via flow cytometry. Results Baseline tearing levels were similar in male and female mice, and LGE resulted in comparable reductions in tearing with the lowest levels recorded after double LGE. As determined by fluorescein staining, LGE produced more severe damage to the cornea in female C57BL/6J and Balb/cJ mice. Double LGE increased TUNEL and Ki67 staining in the cornea, with greater increases found in female mice. Furthermore, LGE produced a greater increase in the total number of corneal macrophages in female mice. Conclusions These results indicate that female mice are more susceptible to LGE-induced corneal damage. The mechanisms involved in producing these sex differences still need to be elucidated but may involve increased inflammation and macrophage infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal E Mecum
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine, United States.,Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States
| | - Dan Cyr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine, United States
| | - Jennifer Malon
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine, United States
| | - Danielle Demers
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine, United States
| | - Ling Cao
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine, United States
| | - Ian D Meng
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine, United States
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32
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Colas RA, Nhat LTH, Thuong NTT, Gómez EA, Ly L, Thanh HH, Mai NTH, Phu NH, Thwaites GE, Dalli J. Proresolving mediator profiles in cerebrospinal fluid are linked with disease severity and outcome in adults with tuberculous meningitis. FASEB J 2019; 33:13028-13039. [PMID: 31500466 PMCID: PMC6902685 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901590r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most lethal form of tuberculosis infection, characterized by a dysregulated immune response that frequently leads to neurologic injury and death despite the best available treatment. The mechanisms driving the inflammatory response in TBM are not well understood. To gain insights into these mechanisms, we used a lipid mediator-profiling approach to investigate the regulation of a novel group of host protective mediators, termed specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of adults with TBM. Herein, using CSF from patients enrolled into a randomized placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive aspirin treatment, we found distinct lipid mediator profiles with increasing disease severity. These changes were linked with an up-regulation of inflammatory eicosanoids in patients with severe TBM and a decrease in the production of a number of SPMs. CSF proresolving mediator concentrations were also associated with 80-d survival. In survivors, we found a significant increase in proresolving mediator concentrations, including the lipoxygenase 5-derived 13-series resolvin (RvT)2, RvT4, and 15-epi-lipoxin B4, compared with those who died. Of note, treatment of patients with high-dose aspirin led to a decrease in the concentrations of the prothrombic mediator thromboxane A2, reduced brain infarcts, and decreased death in patients with TBM. Together, these findings identify a CSF SPM signature that is associated with disease severity and 80-d mortality in TBM.-Colas, R. A., Nhat, L. T. H., Thuong, N. T. T., Gómez, E. A., Ly, L., Thanh, H. H., Mai, N. T. H., Phu, N. H., Thwaites, G. E., Dalli, J. Proresolving mediator profiles in cerebrospinal fluid are linked with disease severity and outcome in adults with tuberculous meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain A. Colas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The
London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London,
United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Esteban A. Gómez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The
London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London,
United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Ly
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The
London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London,
United Kingdom
| | - Hai Hoang Thanh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi
Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Hoan Phu
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi
Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Guy E. Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi
Minh City, Vietnam
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for
Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United
Kingdom
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The
London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London,
United Kingdom
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic
Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Yin P, Wang X, Wang S, Wei Y, Feng J, Zhu M. Maresin 1 Improves Cognitive Decline and Ameliorates Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:466. [PMID: 31680874 PMCID: PMC6803487 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disease. Accumulating evidences suggest an active role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of AD. Inflammation resolution is an active process that terminates inflammation and facilitates the restoration of inflamed tissue to homeostasis. Resolution of inflammation has been shown to be conducted by a group of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) including lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins (MaRs). Recent studies have demonstrated that failure of inflammation resolution can lead to chronic inflammation and, hence, contribute to AD progression. We have previously shown that MaR1 can improve neuronal survival and increase microglial phagocytosis of Aβ. However, the effects of MaR1 on animal models of AD have not been reported. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of MaR1 on behavioral deficits and pathological changes in a mouse model of AD. Mice received bilateral injections of Aβ42 protein into the hippocampus, followed by administration of MaR1 by intra-cerebroventricular injection. The behavioral changes in the mice were analyzed using Morris water maze. Immunohistochemistry, Fluoro-Jade B (FJB) staining, cytometric beads array (CBA), and western blot analysis were used to demonstrate molecular changes in the mice hippocampus and cortex. Our results showed that MaR1 treatment significantly improved the cognitive decline, attenuated microglia and astrocyte activation. In addition, we found that MaR1 decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1 production induced by Aβ42 and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-10 secretion with or without Aβ42 stimulation. Moreover, western blot results showed that MaR1 up-regulated the levels of proteins related to survival pathway including PI3K/AKT, ERK and down-regulated the levels of proteins associated with inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis pathways such as p38, mTOR and caspase 3. To conclude, MaR1 improved the cognitive decline, ameliorated pro-inflammatory glia cells activation via improving survival, enhancing autophagy, inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis pathways. In conclusion, this study shows that inflammation resolution may be a potential therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yafen Wei
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingqin Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Wang S, Zhang H. Upregulation of the IL-33/ST2 pathway in dry eye. Mol Vis 2019; 25:583-592. [PMID: 31673224 PMCID: PMC6798705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dry eye (DE) is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. Although the pathogenesis of dry eye has not been fully understood, the role of increased tear osmolarity has been established. There is increasing evidence that dry eye is an inflammatory disease. This article aims to investigate the potential pathogenicity of inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-33 and its receptor ST2 in dry eye. Methods Human conjunctival epithelial cells (HConECs) were stimulated with hyperosmolality to produce a dry eye cell model. Real-time PCR evaluated the IL-33 mRNA level, and western blotting assessed IL-33 protein expression. Clinical data (sex, age, ocular surface disease index [OSDI] score, tear film breakup time, Schirmer test, and corneal fluorescein staining [CFS]) of patients with DE were collected. Conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) specimens were collected to detect the protein expression of IL-33 and ST2 with western blotting. Tears were collected with Schirmer strips, and analyzed using multiplex assay kits to examine IL-33 and its downstream factors IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Results The IL-33 mRNA level of the HConECs increased in the hyperosmotic state (relative 4.35-fold upregulation, p<0.001). The IL-33 protein expression of HConECs also showed higher levels in the hyperosmotic state (relative 2.22-fold upregulation, p<0.01). A total of 25 patients with dry eye and 20 healthy subjects were enrolled. There were no statistically significant differences in age and sex between the two groups. The OSDI score, tear film breakup time, Schirmer test, and ocular surface staining of the two groups were statistically significantly different. The IL-33 and ST2 protein levels were increased in patients with DE versus controls (IL-33: relative 9.25-fold upregulation, p<0.001; ST2: relative 4.35-fold upregulation, p<0.05). The concentrations of IL-33, IL-13, and IL-5 in tears increased in patients with DE versus controls (IL-33: 3.00-fold upregulation, p<0.0001; IL-13: 6.65-fold upregulation, p<0.0001; IL-5: 16.54 -fold upregulation, p=0.01). IL-13 and IL-5 were statistically significantly correlated with IL-33. The level of IL-33 was positively correlated with the OSDI score and CFS, but was negatively correlated with the Schirmer I test and the tear film breakup time (TBUT). The level of IL-13 was positively correlated only with the CFS, and was negatively correlated with the Schirmer I test. The level of IL-5 was positively correlated with the OSDI score and CFS. We failed to detect the concentration of IL-4, as most samples were below the detection limit. Conclusions The IL-33 mRNA and protein levels of HConECs increased under hyperosmolality. The IL-33 and ST2 protein levels were higher in the CIC of patients with DE, and have correlations with disease severity. Moreover, the concentrations of IL-13 and IL-5 released from activated type 2 helper T (Th2) cells increased in the tears of patients with DE. The IL-33/ST2 pathway might play a priming role in the regulation of inflammation of the ocular surface.
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Dartt DA, Hodges RR, Serhan CN. Immunoresolvent Resolvin D1 Maintains the Health of the Ocular Surface. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1161:13-25. [PMID: 31562618 PMCID: PMC6859005 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21735-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present review focuses on the role of one of the D-series resolvins (Rv) RvD1 in the regulation of conjunctival goblet cell secretion and its role in ocular surface health. RvD1 is the most thoroughly studied of the specialized proresolution mediators in the goblet cells. The anterior surface of the eye consists of the cornea (the transparent central area) and the conjunctiva (opaque tissue that surrounds the cornea and lines the eyelids). The secretory mucin MUC5AC produced by the conjunctival goblet cells is protective of the ocular surface and especially helps to maintain clear vision through the cornea. In health, a complex neural reflex stimulates goblet cell secretion to maintain an optimum amount of mucin in the tear film. The specialized pro-resolution mediator, D-series resolvin (RvD1) is present in human tears and induces goblet cell mucin secretion. RvD1 interacts with its receptors ALX/FPR2 and GPR32, activates phospholipases C, D, and A2, as well as the EGFR. This stimulation increases the intracellular [Ca2+] and activates extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 to cause mucin secretion into the tear film. This mucin secretion protects the ocular surface from the challenges in the external milieu thus maintaining a healthy interface between the eye and the environment. RvD1 forms a second important mechanism along with activation of a neural reflex pathway to regulate goblet cell mucin secretion and protect the ocular surface in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlene A Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Robin R Hodges
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Pham TL, Kakazu A, He J, Bazan HEP. Mouse strains and sexual divergence in corneal innervation and nerve regeneration. FASEB J 2018; 33:4598-4609. [PMID: 30561223 PMCID: PMC6404582 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801957r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A variety of mouse strains and sexes are used in studies of corneal wound healing and nerve regeneration. However, there is a gap of knowledge about corneal nerve density and its function in different mouse strains and sexes. In this study, we report a strain divergence of total and substance P (SP) sensory corneal nerves in uninjured mice. The BALB/c mouse showed the highest nerve density, corneal sensitivity, and tear volume followed by CFW and then C57BL/6. No differences were found in total nerves and SP-positive nerves between sexes. After injury damaged the corneal nerves, an important role for mouse strains, biologic sex, and their association to corneal nerve regeneration was identified. All female mice have a faster nerve regeneration rate than males. The molecular mechanism of this sexual divergence involves higher secretion neurotrophic factors in tears, which in turn modulate gene expression in trigeminal ganglion neurons. An important upstream signaling regulator was β-estradiol, and topical treatment with β-estradiol confirmed its function in corneal nerve regeneration. In conclusion, our study shows that the strain and sex of laboratory mice significantly affect the different indicators of corneal innervation and nerve regeneration. Researchers investigating corneal diseases should carefully consider these factors.—Pham, T. L., Kakazu, A., He, J., Bazan, H. E. P. Mouse strains and sexual divergence in corneal innervation and nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang Luong Pham
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and
| | - Azucena Kakazu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and
| | - Jiucheng He
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Haydee E P Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; and.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Krishnamoorthy N, Abdulnour REE, Walker KH, Engstrom BD, Levy BD. Specialized Proresolving Mediators in Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Airway Diseases. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1335-1370. [PMID: 29717929 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00026.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Airborne pathogens and environmental stimuli evoke immune responses in the lung. It is critical to health that these responses be controlled to prevent tissue damage and the compromise of organ function. Resolution of inflammation is a dynamic process that is coordinated by biochemical and cellular mechanisms. Recently, specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) have been identified in resolution exudates. These molecules orchestrate anti-inflammatory and proresolving actions that are cell type specific. In this review, we highlight SPM biosynthesis, the influence of SPMs on the innate and adaptive immune responses in the lung, as well as recent insights from SPMs on inflammatory disease pathophysiology. Uncovering these mediators and cellular mechanisms for resolution is providing new windows into physiology and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Krishnamoorthy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raja-Elie E Abdulnour
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine H Walker
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Braden D Engstrom
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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Mast cell deficiency in mice results in biomass overgrowth and delayed expulsion of the rat tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180687. [PMID: 30341242 PMCID: PMC6265620 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with helminth parasites evokes a complex cellular response in the host, where granulocytes (i.e. eosinophils, basophils and mast cells (MCs)) feature prominently. In addition to being used as markers of helminthic infections, MCs have been implicated in worm expulsion since animals defective in c-kit signaling, which results in diminished MC numbers, can have delayed worm expulsion. The role of MCs in the rejection of the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepsis diminuta, from the non-permissive mouse host is not known. MC-deficient mice display a delay in the expulsion of H. diminuta that is accompanied by a less intense splenic Th2 response, as determined by in vitro release of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 cytokines. Moreover, worms retrieved from MC-deficient mice were larger than those from wild-type (WT) mice. Assessment of gut-derived IL-25, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin revealed lower levels in uninfected MC-deficient mice compared with WT, suggesting a role for MCs in homeostatic control of these cytokines: differences in these gut cytokines between the mouse strains were not observed after infection with H. diminuta. Finally, mice infected with H. diminuta display less severe dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis, and this beneficial effect of the worm was unaltered in MC-deficient mice challenged with DNBS, as assessed by a macroscopic disease score. Thus, while MCs are not essential for rejection of H. diminuta from mice, their absence slows the kinetics of expulsion allowing the development of greater worm biomass prior to successful rejection of the parasitic burden.
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Wei J, Gronert K. Eicosanoid and Specialized Proresolving Mediator Regulation of Lymphoid Cells. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 44:214-225. [PMID: 30477730 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids and specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) regulate leukocyte function and inflammation. They are ideally positioned at the interface of the innate and adaptive immune responses when lymphocytes interact with leukocytes. Receptors for leukotriene B4 (LTB4), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and SPMs are expressed on lymphocytes. Evidence points toward an essential role of these lipid mediators (LMs) in direct regulation of lymphocyte functions. SPMs, which include lipoxins, demonstrate comprehensive protective actions with lymphocytes. LTB4 and PGE2 regulation of lymphocytes is diverse and depends on the interaction of lymphocytes with other cells. Importantly, both LTB4 and PGE2 are essential regulators of T cell antitumor activity. These LMs are attractive therapeutic targets to control dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses, promote lymphocyte antitumor activity, and prevent tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wei
- Vision Science Program, School of Optometry, Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Karsten Gronert
- Vision Science Program, School of Optometry, Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Gao Y, Su J, Zhang Y, Chan A, Sin JH, Wu D, Min K, Gronert K. Dietary DHA amplifies LXA 4 circuits in tissues and lymph node PMN and is protective in immune-driven dry eye disease. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1674-1683. [PMID: 30104626 PMCID: PMC6279588 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently identified regulatory PMN control immune-driven dry eye disease (DED) in females by producing the arachidonic acid (ω-6)-derived specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM), LXA4, in lymph nodes. Dietary ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is protective in DED but mechanisms of action remain elusive. DHA is converted to ω-3 SPMs by PMN via the same lipoxygenases (LOX) that generate LXA4. We investigated if dietary DHA amplifies SPM formation and affects T effector cell function and/or regulatory PMN in DED. DED was induced in mice on a DHA-enriched or ω-3-deficient diet. DHA deficiency amplified DED with marked sex-specific differences. Dietary DHA protection against dry eye disease correlated with increased PMN levels in lymph nodes, ocular tissues, and unexpectedly, selective amplification of LXA4 tissue levels. Dietary DHA increased 12/15-LOX and decreased 5-LOX expression in lymph nodes and isolated lymph node PMN, which correlated with amplified LXA4 formation. Acute DHA treatment rescued DHA-deficient females from exaggerated DED by amplifying lymph node LXA4 formation, increasing Treg and decreasing TH1 and TH17 effector cells. Our results identify DHA regulation of LXA4 producing PMN in ocular tissues and lymph nodes in health and immune disease as novel mechanism and determinant for T-cell responses to routine ocular injury or stress signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- School of Optometry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - John Su
- Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yibing Zhang
- Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Allison Chan
- Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jun Hyung Sin
- Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kyungi Min
- Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Karsten Gronert
- Vision Science Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- School of Optometry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Infectious Disease and Immunity Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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Costa S, Bevilacqua D, Cassatella MA, Scapini P. Recent advances on the crosstalk between neutrophils and B or T lymphocytes. Immunology 2018; 156:23-32. [PMID: 30259972 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of literature supports a role for neutrophils as players in the orchestration of adaptive immunity. During acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, neutrophils rapidly migrate not only to sites of inflammation, but also to draining lymph nodes and spleen, where they engage bidirectional interactions with B- and T-lymphocyte subsets. Accordingly, a relevant role of neutrophils in modulating B-cell responses under homeostatic conditions has recently emerged. Moreover, specialized immunoregulatory properties towards B or T cells acquired by distinct neutrophil populations, originating under pathological conditions, have been consistently described. In this article, we summarize the most recent data from human studies and murine models on the ability of neutrophils to modulate adaptive immune responses under physiological and pathological conditions and the mechanisms behind these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Costa
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Dalila Bevilacqua
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco A Cassatella
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Patrizia Scapini
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Coursey TG, Wassel RA, Quiambao AB, Farjo RA. Once-Daily Cyclosporine-A-MiDROPS for Treatment of Dry Eye Disease. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2018; 7:24. [PMID: 30323997 PMCID: PMC6181191 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.7.5.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine if a Microemulsion Drug Ocular Penetration System (MiDROPS) formulation of cyclosporine A (CsA) delivers more drug and is more efficacious for treatment of dry eye disease (DED) than the current clinical formulation. Methods Tissue distribution of CsA was quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). To assess tolerability, CsA-MiDROPS (0.1%) was applied to the eyes of rabbits twice per day for 14 days and assessed using ophthalmoscopic examinations. Mice were exposed to desiccating stress for 10 days and received daily topical instillation of the vehicle or test agent. Cornea staining was done to quantify corneal permeability. Histologic quantification of goblet cell (GC) density and CD4+ T-cell infiltration in the conjunctiva was performed. Results Ophthalmic distribution studies indicate significantly increased drug concentration with CsA-MiDROPS compared with Restasis. CsA-MiDROPS is well tolerated with little toxicity in a 2-week tolerability study. In the DED model, both 0.05% and 0.1% CsA-MiDROPS conferred a significant effect and were more effective than Restasis for treating experimental DED when dosed twice per day. As compared with Restasis dosed twice per day, 0.1% CsA-MiDROPS dosed once per day demonstrated superiority. Conclusions CsA-MiDROPS showed superior drug delivery and efficacy compared with other clinical formulations. As this product is simple to produce and needs to be only applied once daily, the clinical development of CsA-MiDROPS will help to reduce societal and patient burdens by lowering drug costs and accelerating/improving the activity of CsA. Translational Relevance MiDROPS has broad application concerning the ophthalmic development of lipophilic small molecule therapeutics.
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Carion TW, Greenwood M, Ebrahim AS, Jerome A, Suvas S, Gronert K, Berger EA. Immunoregulatory role of 15-lipoxygenase in the pathogenesis of bacterial keratitis. FASEB J 2018; 32:5026-5038. [PMID: 29913556 PMCID: PMC6103176 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701502r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Although autacoids primarily derived from the cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways are essential mediators of inflammation, endogenous specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) act as robust agonists of resolution. SPM biosynthesis is initiated by the conversion of arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid primarily via the 12/15-LOX pathway. Although 12/15-LOX activity is prominent in the cornea, the role of SPM pathway activation during infection remains largely unknown and is the focus of the current study. Pseudomonas keratitis was induced in resistant BALB/c and susceptible C57BL/6 (B6) mice. Biosynthetic pathways for proinflammatory autacoids and SPMs were assessed. Divergent lipid mediator profiles demonstrate the importance of 15-LOX pathways in the pathogenesis of ocular infectious disease. Results indicate that an imbalance of LOX enzymatic pathways contributes to susceptibility observed in B6 mice where deficient activation of SPM circuits, as indicated by reduced 15-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid and 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid levels, prevented transition toward resolution and led to chronic inflammation. In sharp contrast, BALB/c mice demonstrated a well-balanced axis of 5-LOX/12-LOX/15-LOX pathways, resulting in sufficient proresolving bioactive metabolite formation and immune homeostasis. Furthermore, a novel immunoregulatory role for 15-LOX was revealed in inflammatory cells (polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages), which influenced phagocytic activity. These data provide evidence that SPM circuits are essential for host defense during bacterial keratitis.-Carion, T. W., Greenwood, M., Ebrahim, A. S., Jerome, A., Suvas, S., Gronert, K., Berger, E. A. Immunoregulatory role of 15-lipoxygenase in the pathogenesis of bacterial keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Carion
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew Greenwood
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Abdul Shukkur Ebrahim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew Jerome
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Susmit Suvas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA;,Department of Ophthalmology, Kresge Eye Institute, Detroit, Michigan, USA; and,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Karsten Gronert
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Berger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA;,Department of Ophthalmology, Kresge Eye Institute, Detroit, Michigan, USA; and,Correspondence: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Ave., 8263 Scott Hall, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. E-mail:
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Innate and Adaptive Cell Populations Driving Inflammation in Dry Eye Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:2532314. [PMID: 30158831 PMCID: PMC6109495 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2532314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is the most common ocular disease and affects millions of individuals worldwide. DED encompasses a heterogeneous group of diseases that can be generally divided into two forms including aqueous-deficient and evaporative DED. Evidence suggests that these conditions arise from either failure of lacrimal gland secretion or low tear film quality. In its secondary form, DED is often associated with autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Current treatment strategies for DED are limited to anti-inflammatory medications that target the immune system as the source of deleterious inflammation and tissue injury. However, there is a lack of understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of DED, and subsequently, there are very few effective treatment strategies. The gap in our knowledge of the etiology of primary DED is in part because the majority of research in DED focused on secondary autoimmune causes. This review focuses on what is currently understood about the contribution of innate and adaptive immune cell populations in the pathogenesis of DED and highlights the need to continue investigating the central role of immunity driving DED.
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Postnikoff CK, Huisingh C, McGwin G, Nichols KK. Leukocyte Distribution in the Open Eye Tears of Normal and Dry Eye Subjects. Curr Eye Res 2018; 43:1253-1259. [PMID: 30005585 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1500611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Leukocytes accumulate in the eye with sleep, but little is known about the presence or absence of leukocytes in awake, open eye tears. This study sought to compare normal and dry eye subjects for daily variation in open eye leukocyte composition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten normal subjects and nine dry eye subjects were enrolled. Subjects were trained for self-collection of tear samples using an ocular surface wash with 5 mL of phosphate buffered saline per eye. Subjects performed washes at awakening, between 8 and 9 am, between 11 am and 12 pm, and between 4 pm and 5 pm on four separate days. Leukocytes were isolated from the wash and were counted with a cell counter before staining with an anti-CD45 antibody and viability stain. Stained leukocytes were then analyzed via flow cytometry. Side scatter characteristics were used to distinguish granulocytes from lymphocytes. Results were interpreted both by time of wash as well as time from awakening. RESULTS At awakening, dry eye subjects had approximately twice as many recovered leukocytes and had a statistically significantly higher granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio as compared to normals. Leukocytes were rapidly cleared from the eye with a significant decrease in leukocyte counts at the 8 am time point as compared to awakening. Leukocyte counts across all open eye time points appeared to be consistent, with no differences between normal and dry eye subjects. CONCLUSIONS There is a low level, constitutively expressed population of leukocytes in the open eye tears of normal and dry eye subjects. Higher levels of granulocytes in dry eye disease subjects warrants further investigation into this population of cells, and their role in homeostasis and dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron K Postnikoff
- a School of Optometry , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama , USA
| | - Carrie Huisingh
- a School of Optometry , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama , USA
| | - Gerald McGwin
- a School of Optometry , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama , USA
| | - Kelly K Nichols
- a School of Optometry , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama , USA
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Tear eicosanoids in healthy people and ocular surface disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11296. [PMID: 30050044 PMCID: PMC6062525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Meibomian gland (MG) dysfunction is the leading cause of evaporative dry eye and it leads to inflammation of the ocular surface. Eicosanoids may be involved in inflammation of dry eye. This study aimed to profile tear eicosanoid levels in healthy individuals and those with MG dysfunction, and to examine if these levels are associated with clinical factors and expressibility of MG. Forty participants with MG dysfunction and 30 healthy controls were recruited in this study. Clinical signs of MG dysfunction were assessed, and tear lactoferrin concentration was evaluated. Tear eicosanoids were extracted from Schirmer's strips and analyzed using mass spectrometry. We were able to quantify 38 tear eicosanoids and levels were increased in older individuals. In participants with MG dysfunction, higher 5-HETE, LTB4, 18-HEPE, 12-HEPE and 14-HDoHE were associated with poorer MG expressibility. The eicosanoids PGF2α, 18-HEPE, 20-HDoHE and 17-HDoHE were elevated with increased corneal staining; higher 5-HETE, LTB4 were associated with lower tear lactoferrin levels. The receiver-operating-characteristics analysis shows higher levels of 5-HETE, LTB4 and 18-HEPE were able to predict poor expressibility of MGs. In conclusion, tear eicosanoid levels are age-dependent and specific eicosanoids may be indicators of clinical obstruction of MG or the severity of ocular surface damage.
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Formyl peptide receptor activation inhibits the expansion of effector T cells and synovial fibroblasts and attenuates joint injury in models of rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 61:140-149. [PMID: 29879657 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effects of formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) on effector T cells and inflammation-causing tissue-resident cells are not well known. Here, we explored the effect of FPR activation on efferent T cell responses in models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and on the expansion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Compound 43 (Cpd43; FPR1/2 agonist) was administered to mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) or antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) after disease onset. Joint inflammation/damage and immunity were assessed. FLS were cultured with Cpd43 to test its effects on cell apoptosis and proliferation. To explore the effects of endogenous FPR2 ligands on FLS proliferation, FLS FPR2 was blocked or Annexin A1 (AnxA1) expression silenced. Cpd43 reduced arthritis severity in both models. In CIA, Cpd43 decreased CD4 T cell proliferation and survival and increased the production of the protective cytokine, IFNγ, in lymph nodes. In AIA, Cpd43 increased CD4 apoptosis and production of the anti-inflammatory IL-4, while augmenting the proportion of splenic regulatory T cells and their expression of IL-2Rα. In both models, Cpd43 increased CD4 IL-17A production, without affecting humoral immunity. FPR2 inhibitors reversed Cpd43-mediated effects on AIA and T cell immunity. Cpd43 decreased TNF-induced FLS proliferation and augmented FLS apoptosis in association with intracellular FPR2 accumulation, while endogenous AnxA1 and FPR2 reduced FLS proliferation via the ERK and NFκB pathways. Overall, FPR activation inhibits the expansion of arthritogenic effector CD4 T cells and FLS, and reduces joint injury in experimental arthritis. This suggests the therapeutic potential of FPR ligation for the treatment of RA.
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Volpe EA, Henriksson JT, Wang C, Barbosa FL, Zaheer M, Zhang X, Pflugfelder SC, de Paiva CS. Interferon-gamma deficiency protects against aging-related goblet cell loss. Oncotarget 2018; 7:64605-64614. [PMID: 27623073 PMCID: PMC5323102 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a well-recognized risk factor for dry eye. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) has been implicated in conjunctival keratinization and goblet cell loss in dry eye. We investigated the role of IFN-γ in age-related dry eye by evaluating young (8 weeks) and aged (15 months; 15M) C57BL/6 (B6) and IFN-γKO mice. Age effects on the conjunctiva and cornea epithelium were assessed with PAS staining and corneal staining, respectively. Expression of T cell-related cytokines (IL-17A, IFN-γ), chemokines (CXCL10 and CCL20), in the ocular surface epithelium was evaluated by real time PCR. A significant decrease in filled goblet cells was noted in 15M B6 mice and this was significantly lower than age and sex-matched IFN-γKO mice. Aged male B6 had significantly higher IFN-γ, and CXCL10 mRNA in their conjunctiva than female B6 mice. Aged IFN-γKO females had significantly higher IL-17A mRNA in conjunctiva than IFN-γKO males and B6 mice. Corneal barrier dysfunction was observed in 15M female B6 and aged IFN-γKO mice of both sexes; however it was significantly higher in IFN-γKO compared to B6 mice. While there was a significant increase in IL 17A, and CCL20 in corneas of aged female B6 and IFN-γKO mice compared to males, these changes were more evident in aged female IFN-γKO group. Partial resistance of IFN-γKO mice to aging-induced goblet cell loss indicates IFN-γ is involved in the age-related decline in conjunctival goblet cells. Increased corneal IL-17A expression paralleled corneal barrier disruption in aging female of both strains. IFN-γ appears to suppress IL-17A on the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene A Volpe
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Johanna Tukler Henriksson
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Changjun Wang
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Flavia L Barbosa
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mahira Zaheer
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Stephen C Pflugfelder
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Ocular Surface Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Stepp MA, Pal-Ghosh S, Tadvalkar G, Williams A, Pflugfelder SC, de Paiva CS. Reduced intraepithelial corneal nerve density and sensitivity accompany desiccating stress and aging in C57BL/6 mice. Exp Eye Res 2018; 169:91-98. [PMID: 29407221 PMCID: PMC5949876 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dry Eye disease causes discomfort and pain in millions of patients. Using a mouse acute desiccating stress (DS) model we show that DS induces a reduction in intraepithelial corneal nerve (ICN) density, corneal sensitivity, and apical extension of the intraepithelial nerve terminals (INTs) that branch from the subbasal nerves (SBNs). Topical application of 0.02% Mitomycin C (MMC) or vehicle alone has no impact on the overall loss of axon density due to acute DS. Chronic dry eye, which develops progressively as C57BL/6 mice age, is accompanied by significant loss of the ICNs and corneal sensitivity between 2 and 24 months of age. QPCR studies show that mRNAs for several proteins that regulate axon growth and extension are reduced in corneal epithelial cells by 24 months of age but those that regulate phagocytosis and autophagy are not altered. Taken together, these data demonstrate that dry eye disease is accompanied by alterations in intraepithelial sensory nerve morphology and function and by reduced expression in corneal epithelial cells of mRNAs encoding genes mediating axon extension. Précis: Acute and chronic mouse models of dry eye disease are used to evaluate the pathologic effects of dry eye on the intraepithelial corneal nerves (ICNs) and corneal epithelial cells. Data show reduced numbers of sensory nerves and alterations in nerve morphology, sensitivity, corneal epithelial cell proliferation, and expression of mRNAs for proteins mediating axon extension accompany the pathology induced by dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Stepp
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA.
| | - Sonali Pal-Ghosh
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
| | - Gauri Tadvalkar
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
| | - Alexa Williams
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
| | - Stephen C Pflugfelder
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cintia S de Paiva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Knight M, Braverman J, Asfaha K, Gronert K, Stanley S. Lipid droplet formation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected macrophages requires IFN-γ/HIF-1α signaling and supports host defense. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006874. [PMID: 29370315 PMCID: PMC5800697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplet (LD) formation occurs during infection of macrophages with numerous intracellular pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is believed that M. tuberculosis and other bacteria specifically provoke LD formation as a pathogenic strategy in order to create a depot of host lipids for use as a carbon source to fuel intracellular growth. Here we show that LD formation is not a bacterially driven process during M. tuberculosis infection, but rather occurs as a result of immune activation of macrophages as part of a host defense mechanism. We show that an IFN-γ driven, HIF-1α dependent signaling pathway, previously implicated in host defense, redistributes macrophage lipids into LDs. Furthermore, we show that M. tuberculosis is able to acquire host lipids in the absence of LDs, but not in the presence of IFN-γ induced LDs. This result uncouples macrophage LD formation from bacterial acquisition of host lipids. In addition, we show that IFN-γ driven LD formation supports the production of host protective eicosanoids including PGE2 and LXB4. Finally, we demonstrate that HIF-1α and its target gene Hig2 are required for the majority of LD formation in the lungs of mice infected with M. tuberculosis, thus demonstrating that immune activation provides the primary stimulus for LD formation in vivo. Taken together our data demonstrate that macrophage LD formation is a host-driven component of the adaptive immune response to M. tuberculosis, and suggest that macrophage LDs are not an important source of nutrients for M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Knight
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Braverman
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kaleb Asfaha
- Vision Science Program, School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Karsten Gronert
- Vision Science Program, School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah Stanley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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