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Juriol L, Valeff N, Dibo M, Ventimiglia MS, Correale J, Jensen F. Human chorionic gonadotropin regulates cytokine production by lymphocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 164:104280. [PMID: 38908336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that primarily affects young adults, predominantly females. This was partially attributed to sex differences in immunity, which are influenced by changes in sex hormones occurring during women's life, among other factors. Furthermore, MS patients experience significant improvement in their symptoms during pregnancy when levels of female sex-hormones significantly increase. This phenomenon was attributed to immune adaptations occurring during gestation which are regulated by paternal antigens and sex hormones. The human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was shown to have strong immunosuppressive abilities. We aimed to analyze here the capacity of the hCG to regulate pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production by PBMC from MS patients. PBMC isolated from 17 MS patients receiving IFNβ1a treatment were cultured with or without recombinant or urinary hCG. Cytokine production in the supernatants was assessed using a CBA array and cytokine production by lymphocytes and expression of co-stimulatory molecules in B-lymphocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry. hCG reduced the production of TNF by PBMC from MS patients while lowering the percentages of TNF producing T cells and diminishing the production of TNF by B cells. hCG significantly boosted the production of IL-10 by regulatory T cells and CD19high B cells from MS patients. Furthermore, hCG treatment lowered the percentages of CD80+CD86+ expressing B cells within PBMC from MS patients. Overall, our results described a novel and not yet explored mechanisms of action of hCG in the context of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Juriol
- Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFYBO-UBA-CONICET), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, 2155 Paraguay St. 16th Floor, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Natalín Valeff
- Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFYBO-UBA-CONICET), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, 2155 Paraguay St. 16th Floor, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Marcos Dibo
- Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFYBO-UBA-CONICET), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, 2155 Paraguay St. 16th Floor, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - María Silvia Ventimiglia
- Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFYBO-UBA-CONICET), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, 2155 Paraguay St. 16th Floor, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Jorge Correale
- Fleni, 2325 Montañeses St., Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428AQK, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB CONICET-UBA), Graduate School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, 956 Junin St., Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Federico Jensen
- Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFYBO-UBA-CONICET), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, 2155 Paraguay St. 16th Floor, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina; Centro Integrativo de Biología Y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 8307993, Chile.
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2
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Slavov GS, Manova MG, Kostadinova II. 25 Hydroxyvitamin D and Cytokine Profile in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Cureus 2024; 16:e61534. [PMID: 38957253 PMCID: PMC11218926 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, the severity of the deficiency is associated with the loss of axons, and it is likely that cytotoxic T-cells 8 (CD8 T) play an important role. In relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, there is a correlation between the inflammatory activity in the lesion and the transection of axons. To understand the pathological mechanisms, it is important to evaluate the changes in serum concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines during the disease course. A total of 46 patients and 40 healthy individuals participated in an open-label, prospective, case-control study from 2012 to 2014. The serum concentrations of cytokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An immune imbalance was observed during relapse and remission phases compared to the control group. During relapse, the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were significantly higher compared to those in remission (p=0.017). During remission, there was an improvement in the deficiency (p<0.001), and the anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and interleukin 4 (IL4) increased compared to those in relapse (p=0.006; p=0.009). A correlation was found between the serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) during relapse (correlation coefficient: 0.301; significance (Sig.) (2-tailed 0.042). During the exacerbation, there was a moderate relationship between interleukin 17 (IL17) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (P (p-value (probability value) = 0.02)). TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL17, and TGF-β serum levels are criteria for evaluating immune inflammatory activity during relapse and remission periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi S Slavov
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, BGR
| | - Mariya G Manova
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, BGR
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3
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Cook ME, Shchukina I, Lin CC, Bradstreet TR, Schwarzkopf EA, Jarjour NN, Webber AM, Zaitsev K, Artyomov MN, Edelson BT. BHLHE40 Mediates Cross-Talk between Pathogenic TH17 Cells and Myeloid Cells during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:737-746. [PMID: 37934060 PMCID: PMC10695412 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TH17 cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We previously reported that the transcription factor basic helix-loop-helix family member e40 (BHLHE40) marks cytokine-producing pathogenic TH cells during EAE, and that its expression in T cells is required for clinical disease. In this study, using dual reporter mice, we show BHLHE40 expression within TH1/17 and ex-TH17 cells following EAE induction. Il17a-Cre-mediated deletion of BHLHE40 in TH cells led to less severe EAE with reduced TH cell cytokine production. Characterization of the leukocytes in the CNS during EAE by single-cell RNA sequencing identified differences in the infiltrating myeloid cells when BHLHE40 was present or absent in TH17 cells. Our studies highlight the importance of BHLHE40 in promoting TH17 cell encephalitogenicity and instructing myeloid cell responses during active EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E. Cook
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Irina Shchukina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tara R. Bradstreet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Nicholas N. Jarjour
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ashlee M. Webber
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Konstantin Zaitsev
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Maxim N. Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Brian T. Edelson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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4
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Etebar F, Hosseini SH, Borhani Zarandi M, Moghadasi AN, Jalousian F. The immunomodulatory effects of the C-type lectin protein of Toxocara canis on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e13010. [PMID: 37718988 DOI: 10.1111/pim.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Toxocara canis is a global zoonosis infection that can cause chronic and long-term toxocariasis in their paratenic host. The excretory-secretory (ES) products of T. canis larvae are considered to be responsible for the Th2 polarization and regulatory immune responses in toxocariasis. The C-type lectin family is one of the most prominent components of ES products of T. canis infective larvae. This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of a T. canis C-type lectin recombinant protein (rCTL), on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) which is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously treated with 30 μg rCTL, three times at an interval of 1 week. EAE was induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 peptide (MOG35-55 peptide) immunization, and weight and clinical scores were evaluated. Real time polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate the expression levels of T-bet, Gata3, and Foxp3 in splenocytes. In addition, the levels of interleukin 4, interferon gamma, and tumour growth factor-β (TGF-β) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in splenocyte culture supernatants. The results indicated that the rCTL decreased clinical disability scores and delayed the onset of EAE. Furthermore, the data showed that rCTL treatment modulated the immune response, which was associated with upregulation of the mRNA expression of the Foxp3 gene and higher production of TGF-β in rCTL-treated mice. This study demonstrated that rCTL might be a potential agent to ameliorate EAE symptoms by stimulating anti-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazeleh Etebar
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian Museum of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Borhani Zarandi
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Jalousian
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Aldossari AA, Assiri MA, Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Attia SM, Bakheet SA, Albekairi TH, Alomar HA, Al-Mazroua HA, Almanaa TN, Al-Hamamah MA, Alwetaid MY, Ahmad SF. Histamine H4 Receptor Antagonist Ameliorates the Progression of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis via Regulation of T-Cell Imbalance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15273. [PMID: 37894952 PMCID: PMC10607370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative condition characterized by immune-mediated attacks on the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in demyelination and recurring T-cell responses. The histamine H4 receptor (H4R) is mainly expressed in cellular populations and plays a vital role in inflammation and immunological responses. The role of H4R in neurons of the CNS has recently been revealed. However, the precise role of H4R in neuronal function remains inadequately understood. The objective of this work was to investigate the impact of JNJ 10191584 (JNJ), a highly effective and specific H4R antagonist, on the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and to gain insight into the underlying mechanism involved. In this study, we examined the potential impact of JNJ therapy on the course of EAE in SJL/J mice. EAE mice were administered an oral dose of JNJ at a concentration of 6 mg/kg once a day, starting from day 10 and continuing until day 42. Afterward, the mice's clinical scores were assessed. In this study, we conducted additional research to examine the impact of JNJ on several types of immune cells, specifically Th1 (IFN-γ and T-bet), Th9 (IL-9 and IRF4), Th17 (IL-17A and RORγt), and regulatory T (Tregs; Foxp3 and TGF-β1) cells in the spleen. In this study, we further investigated the impact of JNJ on the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, T-bet, IL-9, IRF4, IL-17A, RORγt, Foxp3, and TGF-β1 in the brain. Daily treatment of JNJ effectively reduced the development of EAE in mice. The percentages of CD4+IFN-γ+, CD4+T-bet+, CD4+IL-9+, CD4+IRF4+, CD4+IL-17A+, and CD4+RORγt+ cells were shown to decrease, whereas the percentages of CD4+TGF-β1+ and CD4+Foxp3+ cells were observed to increase in EAE mice treated with JNJ. Therefore, the HR4 antagonist positively affected the course of EAE by modulating the signaling of transcription factors. The identified results include possible ramifications in the context of MS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A. Aldossari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Assiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A. Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M. Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer H. Albekairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatun A. Alomar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen A. Al-Mazroua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed N. Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Hamamah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alwetaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Mey GM, DeSilva TM. Utility of the visual system to monitor neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1125115. [PMID: 37063369 PMCID: PMC10090562 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1125115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration occurs early in the multiple sclerosis (MS) disease course and is an important driver of permanent disability. Current immunomodulatory therapies do not directly target neuronal health; thus, there is a critical need to develop neuroprotective strategies in MS. Outcome measures in clinical trials primarily evaluate disease activity and clinical disability scores rather than measures of neurodegeneration. The visual system provides a noninvasive correlate of brain atrophy and neuronal function through structural and functional exams. Furthermore, optic nerve axons and their respective neuronal cell bodies in the retina, in addition to their synaptic input to the thalamus, provide a distinct anatomy to investigate neurodegenerative processes. This review discusses the utility of the visual system as an early output measure of neurodegeneration in MS as well as an important platform to evaluate neuroprotective strategies in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tara M. DeSilva
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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TAM receptor signaling dictates lesion location and clinical phenotype during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 375:578016. [PMID: 36708633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), induced by the adoptive transfer of Th17 cells, typically presents with ascending paralysis and inflammatory demyelination of the spinal cord. Brain white matter is relatively spared. Here we show that treatment of Th17 transfer recipients with a highly selective inhibitor to the TAM family of tyrosine kinase receptors results in ataxia associated with a shift of the inflammatory infiltrate to the hindbrain parenchyma. During homeostasis and preclinical EAE, hindbrain microglia express high levels of the TAM receptor Mer. Our data suggest that constitutive TAM receptor signaling in hindbrain microglia confers region-specific protection against Th17 mediated EAE.
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8
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Li H, Zeng Y, Luo S, Li Z, Huang F, Liu Z. GPX4 aggravates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting the functions of CD4 + T cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 642:57-65. [PMID: 36565564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common autoimmunity disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that mostly happens in young adults. The chronic clinical features of MS include inflammatory demyelination, infiltration of immune cells, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, which have been proved to be associated with CD4+ T cells. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered programmed cell death mediated by the massive lipid peroxidation and more sensitive to CD4+ T cells. However, the effect of ferroptosis of CD4+ T cells on the occurrence and progression of MS retains unclear. Here, the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model was used to investigate the role of GPX4, a leading inhibitor of ferroptosis, which plays in the function of CD4+ T cells. Our results showed that GPX4 was highly expressed in CD4+ T cells of MS patients based on existing databases. Strikingly, conditional knockout of GPX4 in CD4cre mice (cKO mice) significantly alleviated the average symptom scores and immunopathology of EAE. The infiltration of immune cells, including CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, and the generation of GM-CSF, TNF-α, and IL-17A, were remarkably reduced in the CNS from cKO mice compared with WT mice. These findings further revealed the vital role of GPX4 in the expansion and function of CD4+ T cells. Moreover, GPX4-deficient CD4+ T cells were susceptible to ferroptosis in EAE model. Overall, this study provided novel insights into therapeutic strategies targeting GPX4 in CD4+ T cells for inhibiting CNS inflammation and treating MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Li
- Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yingying Zeng
- Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shunchang Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Zonghua Liu
- Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Senol H, Ozgun-Acar O, Dağ A, Eken A, Guner H, Aykut ZG, Topcu G, Sen A. Synthesis and Comprehensive in Vivo Activity Profiling of Olean-12-en-28-ol, 3β-Pentacosanoate in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: A Natural Remyelinating and Anti-Inflammatory Agent. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:103-118. [PMID: 36598820 PMCID: PMC9887603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment has received much attention, yet there is still no certain cure. We herein investigate the therapeutic effect of olean-12-en-28-ol, 3β-pentacosanoate (OPCA) on a preclinical model of MS. First, OPCA was synthesized semisynthetically and characterized. Then, the mice with MOG35-55-induced experimental autoimmune/allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) were given OPCA along with a reference drug (FTY720). Biochemical, cellular, and molecular analyses were performed in serum and brain tissues to measure anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective responses. OPCA treatment protected EAE-induced changes in mouse brains maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity and preventing inflammation. Moreover, the protein and mRNA levels of MS-related genes such as HLD-DR1, CCL5, TNF-α, IL6, and TGFB1 were significantly reduced in OPCA-treated mouse brains. Notably, the expression of genes, including PLP, MBP, and MAG, involved in the development and structure of myelin was significantly elevated in OPCA-treated EAE. Furthermore, therapeutic OPCA effects included a substantial reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum of treated EAE animals. Lastly, following OPCA treatment, the promoter regions for most inflammatory regulators were hypermethylated. These data support that OPCA is a valuable and appealing candidate for human MS treatment since OPCA not only normalizes the pro- and anti-inflammatory immunological bias but also stimulates remyelination in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Senol
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozden Ozgun-Acar
- Seed
Breeding & Genetics Application Research Center, Pamukkale University, 20070 Denizli, Turkey
| | - Aydan Dağ
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Eken
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biology Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Guner
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Abdullah Gul 38080 Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Gulacti Topcu
- Department
of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alaattin Sen
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Abdullah Gul 38080 Kayseri, Turkey
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Pamukkale University, 20070 Kınıklı, Denizli, Turkey
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10
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McCombe PA, Greer JM. Effects of biological sex and pregnancy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: It's complicated. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1059833. [PMID: 36518769 PMCID: PMC9742606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) can be induced in many animal strains by inoculation with central nervous system antigens and adjuvant or by the passive transfer of lymphocytes reactive with these antigens and is widely used as an animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). There are reports that female sex and pregnancy affect EAE. Here we review the effects of biological sex and the effects of pregnancy on the clinical features (including disease susceptibility) and pathophysiology of EAE. We also review reports of the possible mechanisms underlying these differences. These include sex-related differences in the immune system and in the central nervous system, the effects of hormones and the sex chromosomes and molecules unique to pregnancy. We also review sex differences in the response to factors that can modify the course of EAE. Our conclusion is that the effects of biological sex in EAE vary amongst animal models and should not be widely extrapolated. In EAE, it is therefore essential that studies looking at the effects of biological sex or pregnancy give full information about the model that is used (i.e. animal strain, sex, the inducing antigen, timing of EAE induction in relation to pregnancy, etc.). In addition, it would be preferable if more than one EAE model were used, to show if any observed effects are generalizable. This is clearly a field that requires further work. However, understanding of the mechanisms of sex differences could lead to greater understanding of EAE, and suggest possible therapies for MS.
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Abstract
Inflammation is a biological process that dynamically alters the surrounding microenvironment, including participating immune cells. As a well-protected organ surrounded by specialized barriers and with immune privilege properties, the central nervous system (CNS) tightly regulates immune responses. Yet in neuroinflammatory conditions, pathogenic immunity can disrupt CNS structure and function. T cells in particular play a key role in promoting and restricting neuroinflammatory responses, while the inflamed CNS microenvironment can influence and reshape T cell function and identity. Still, the contraction of aberrant T cell responses within the CNS is not well understood. Using autoimmunity as a model, here we address the contribution of CD4 T helper (Th) cell subsets in promoting neuropathology and disease. To address the mechanisms antagonizing neuroinflammation, we focus on the control of the immune response by regulatory T cells (Tregs) and describe the counteracting processes that preserve their identity under inflammatory challenges. Finally, given the influence of the local microenvironment on immune regulation, we address how CNS-intrinsic signals reshape T cell function to mitigate abnormal immune T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nail Benallegue
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Hania Kebir
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jorge I. Alvarez
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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12
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Umair M, Fazazi MR, Rangachari M. Biological Sex As a Critical Variable in CD4 + Effector T Cell Function in Preclinical Models of Multiple Sclerosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:135-149. [PMID: 34538129 PMCID: PMC9293683 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: T cells play a pivotal role in maintaining adaptive immune responses against pathogens. However, misdirected T cell responses against self-tissues may lead to autoimmune disease. Biological sex has profound effects on T cell function and is an important determinant of disease incidence and severity in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent Advances: Many autoimmune diseases skew toward higher female incidence, including MS; however, it is has become increasingly more accepted that men living with MS are more prone to developing a progressive disease course and to having worsened disease outcomes. Critical Issues: In this review, we discuss what is known about the role of biological sex on T cell development and differentiation, examining evidence that male sex can augment T helper 17 (Th17) responses. Next, we outline what is known about sex differences in animal models of MS, and about the distinct roles played by sex hormones versus sex chromosomes in pathogenesis in these models. Finally, we discuss recent advances that examine the molecular basis for worsened disease outcomes in males, with a particular focus on the role played by Th17 cells in these models. Future Directions: Better understanding the role of biological sex in T cell function may pave the way to effective personalized treatment strategies in MS and other autoimmune diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 135-149.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohamed Reda Fazazi
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, Quebec, Canada
| | - Manu Rangachari
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Mey GM, Evonuk KS, Chappell MK, Wolfe LM, Singh R, Batoki JC, Yu M, Peachey NS, Anand-Apte B, Bermel R, Ontaneda D, Nakamura K, Mahajan KR, DeSilva TM. Visual imaging as a predictor of neurodegeneration in experimental autoimmune demyelination and multiple sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:87. [PMID: 35706005 PMCID: PMC9199245 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Thalamic volume is associated with clinical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) and is vulnerable to secondary neurodegeneration due to its extensive connectivity throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Using a model of autoimmune demyelination that exhibits CNS-infiltrating immune cells in both spinal cord white matter and optic nerve, we sought to evaluate neurodegenerative changes due to lesions affecting the spino- and retino-thalamic pathways. We found comparable axonal loss in spinal cord white matter and optic nerve during the acute phase of disease consistent with synaptic loss, but not neuronal cell body loss in the thalamic nuclei that receive input from these discrete pathways. Loss of spinal cord neurons or retinal ganglion cells retrograde to their respective axons was not observed until the chronic phase of disease, where optical coherence tomography (OCT) documented reduced inner retinal thickness. In patients with relapsing-remitting MS without a history of optic neuritis, OCT measures of inner retinal volume correlated with retino-thalamic (lateral geniculate nucleus) and spino-thalamic (ventral posterior nucleus) volume as well as neuroperformance measures. These data suggest retinal imaging may serve as an important noninvasive predictor of neurodegeneration in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Mey
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Kirsten S Evonuk
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Hooke Laboratories, Inc., Lawrence, MA, USA
| | - McKenzie K Chappell
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Laura M Wolfe
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Rupesh Singh
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Julia C Batoki
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Minzhong Yu
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Neal S Peachey
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bela Anand-Apte
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert Bermel
- Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Ontaneda
- Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kunio Nakamura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kedar R Mahajan
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tara M DeSilva
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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14
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Huang FJ, Liu YL, Wang J, Zhou YY, Zhao SY, Qin GJ. LncRNA RUNX1-IT1 affects the differentiation of Th1 cells by regulating NrCAM transcription in Graves' disease. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:921-933. [PMID: 35220890 PMCID: PMC9037574 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2034431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is a kind of autoimmune diseases. The development of GD is closely related to the imbalance of Th1/Th2 generated by the differentiation of CD4+ T cells. This study was sought to clarify the role of lncRNA RUNX1-IT1 and explore the mechanism of its function. The expressions of RUNX1-IT1 and Neural cell adhesion molecule (NrCAM) in the peripheral blood of GD patients were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. We performed RNA pull down, RIP, and ChIP experiments to verify the correlation between p53 and RUNX1-IT1, p53 and NrCAM. The levels of Th1 cells differentiation markers were detected by Flow cytometry assay and ELISA. The expressions of lncRNA RUNX1-IT1 and NrCAM were most significantly up-regulated in CD4+ T cells of GD patients, and NrCAM expression was significantly positively correlated with RUNX1-IT1 expression. Furthermore, p53 was a potential transcription factor of NrCAM, which could interact with NrCAM. NrCAM level was up-regulated after the overexpression of p53 in CD4+ T cells, while knockdown of RUNX1-IT1 reversed this effect. Down-regulation of NrCAM and RUNX1-IT1 could decrease the mRNA and protein levels of transcriptional regulator T-bet and CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) in CD4+ T cells. Our results suggested that RUNX1-IT1 regulated the expressions of the important Th1 factor T-bet, CXCL10, and interferon γ (IFN-γ) by regulating NrCAM transcription, thus participating in the occurrence and development of specific autoimmune disease GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jiao Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shui-Ying Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gui-Jun Qin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,CONTACT Gui-Jun Qin Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou450052, China
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15
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Gottlieb A, Pham HPT, Lindsey JW. Brain Antigens Stimulate Proliferation of T Lymphocytes With a Pathogenic Phenotype in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:835763. [PMID: 35173742 PMCID: PMC8841344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A method to stimulate T lymphocytes with a broad range of brain antigens would facilitate identification of the autoantigens for multiple sclerosis and enable definition of the pathogenic mechanisms important for multiple sclerosis. In a previous work, we found that the obvious approach of culturing leukocytes with homogenized brain tissue does not work because the brain homogenate suppresses antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation. We now report a method that substantially reduces the suppressive activity. We used this non-suppressive brain homogenate to stimulate leukocytes from multiple sclerosis patients and controls. We also stimulated with common viruses for comparison. We measured proliferation, selected the responding CD3+ cells with flow cytometry, and sequenced their transcriptomes for mRNA and T-cell receptor sequences. The mRNA expression suggested that the brain-responding cells from MS patients are potentially pathogenic. The T-cell receptor repertoire of the brain-responding cells was clonal with minimal overlap with virus antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Gottlieb
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hoai Phuong T. Pham
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John William Lindsey
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: John William Lindsey,
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16
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Abstract
Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was originally identified as a growth factor for its ability to promote the proliferation and differentiation in vitro of bone marrow progenitor cells into granulocytes and macrophages. Many preclinical studies, using GM-CSF deletion or depletion approaches, have demonstrated that GM-CSF has a wide range of biological functions, including the mediation of inflammation and pain, indicating that it can be a potential target in many inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. This review provides a brief overview of GM-CSF biology and signaling, and summarizes the findings from preclinical models of a range of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders and the latest clinical trials targeting GM-CSF or its receptor in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian A Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
| | - Kevin M C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, St Albans, Victoria 3021, Australia
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17
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Th17-Related Cytokines as Potential Discriminatory Markers between Neuromyelitis Optica (Devic's Disease) and Multiple Sclerosis-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168946. [PMID: 34445668 PMCID: PMC8396435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Devic’s disease (NMO; neuromyelitis optica) are autoimmune, inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), the etiology of which remains unclear. It is a serious limitation in the treatment of these diseases. The resemblance of the clinical pictures of these two conditions generates a partial possibility of introducing similar treatment, but on the other hand, a high risk of misdiagnosis. Therefore, a better understanding and comparative characterization of the immunopathogenic mechanisms of each of these diseases are essential to improve their discriminatory diagnosis and more effective treatment. In this review, special attention is given to Th17 cells and Th17-related cytokines in the context of their potential usefulness as discriminatory markers for MS and NMO. The discussed results emphasize the role of Th17 immune response in both MS and NMO pathogenesis, which, however, cannot be considered without taking into account the broader perspective of immune response mechanisms.
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18
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Tan KT, Li S, Panny L, Lin CC, Lin SC. Galangin ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice via modulation of cellular immunity. J Immunotoxicol 2021; 18:50-60. [PMID: 33770444 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2021.1890863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes neurologic disabilities that effect musculature, sensory systems, and vision. This is largely due to demyelination of nerve fibers caused by chronic inflammation. Corticosteroid treatments ameliorate symptoms of MS, but do not successfully cure the disease itself. In the current study, the application of galangin, a phytochemical flavonoid extracted from the ginger family of Alpinis officinarum, on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE; mouse model for MS) was explored. This study investigated prophylactic and therapeutic activity of the drug and mechanisms by which it acts. The results revealed that galangin at 40 and 80 mg/kg could lower the incidence rate of MS, and alleviate clinical/pathological manifestations. Mice administered galangin presented with less limb paralysis, lower levels of inflammatory cell infiltrates, and decreased demyelination compared to vehicle controls. Levels of CD4+IFNγ+ (TH1) and CD4+IL-17A+ (TH17) cells in the spinal cords of EAE mice administered galangin were reduced and both cell types were not capable of expansion. More surprisingly, galangin inhibited antigen presentation and cytokine production by dendritic cells (DC). Formation of cytokines like IL-6, IL-12, and IL-23 were significantly decreased due to galangin in co-culture models of DC and T-cells. Taken together, the data lead one to conclude that galangin could potentially be used as a potent immunoregulatory agent to alleviate clinical symptoms and reduce the prevalence of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Tong Tan
- Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Huangang Normal University, Hubei, China
| | - Lauren Panny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Chi-Chien Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chao Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
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19
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Doss PMIA, Umair M, Baillargeon J, Fazazi R, Fudge N, Akbar I, Yeola AP, Williams JB, Leclercq M, Joly-Beauparlant C, Beauchemin P, Ruda GF, Alpaugh M, Anderson AC, Brennan PE, Droit A, Lassmann H, Moore CS, Rangachari M. Male sex chromosomal complement exacerbates the pathogenicity of Th17 cells in a chronic model of central nervous system autoimmunity. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108833. [PMID: 33691111 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence and severity have long been recognized. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms for why male sex is associated with more aggressive disease remain poorly defined. Using a T cell adoptive transfer model of chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we find that male Th17 cells induce disease of increased severity relative to female Th17 cells, irrespective of whether transferred to male or female recipients. Throughout the disease course, a greater frequency of male Th17 cells produce IFNγ, a hallmark of pathogenic Th17 responses. Intriguingly, XY chromosomal complement increases the pathogenicity of male Th17 cells. An X-linked immune regulator, Jarid1c, is downregulated in pathogenic male murine Th17 cells, and functional experiments reveal that it represses the severity of Th17-mediated EAE. Furthermore, Jarid1c expression is downregulated in CD4+ T cells from MS-affected individuals. Our data indicate that male sex chromosomal complement critically regulates Th17 cell pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prenitha Mercy Ignatius Arokia Doss
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Muhammad Umair
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Joanie Baillargeon
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Reda Fazazi
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Neva Fudge
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Irshad Akbar
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Asmita Pradeep Yeola
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - John B Williams
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Mickael Leclercq
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Charles Joly-Beauparlant
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Philippe Beauchemin
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, 1050 ave de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Gian Filipo Ruda
- Target Discovery Institute and NIHR, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Melanie Alpaugh
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Ana C Anderson
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paul E Brennan
- Target Discovery Institute and NIHR, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Alzheimer's Research UK, Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Arnaud Droit
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, 1050 ave de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Craig S Moore
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Manu Rangachari
- axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, 1050 ave de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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20
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Pinke KH, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Lara VS, Sartori A. Should mast cells be considered therapeutic targets in multiple sclerosis? Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1995-2007. [PMID: 32394947 PMCID: PMC7716037 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.282238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are immune cells of the myeloid lineage that are found throughout the body, including the central nervous system. They perform many functions associated with innate and specific immunity, angiogenesis, and vascular homeostasis. Moreover, they have been implicated in a series of pathologies (e.g., hypersensitivity reactions, tumors, and inflammatory disorders). In this review, we propose that this cell could be a relevant therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis, which is a central nervous system degenerative disease. To support this proposition, we describe the general biological properties of mast cells, their contribution to innate and specific immunity, and the participation of mast cells in the various stages of multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development. The final part of this review is dedicated to an overview of the available mast cells immunomodulatory drugs and their activity on multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, including our own experience related to the effect of ketotifen fumarate on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Henriette Pinke
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Soares Lara
- Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Wagner CA, Roqué PJ, Goverman JM. Pathogenic T cell cytokines in multiple sclerosis. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20190460. [PMID: 31611252 PMCID: PMC7037255 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that is believed to have an autoimmune etiology. As MS is the most common nontraumatic disease that causes disability in young adults, extensive research has been devoted to identifying therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss the current understanding derived from studies of patients with MS and animal models of how specific cytokines produced by autoreactive CD4 T cells contribute to the pathogenesis of MS. Defining the roles of these cytokines will lead to a better understanding of the potential of cytokine-based therapies for patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela J Roqué
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Joan M Goverman
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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22
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Hamilton JA. GM-CSF in inflammation. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20190945. [PMID: 31611249 PMCID: PMC7037240 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GM-CSF is a potential therapeutic target in inflammation and autoimmunity. This study reviews the literature on the biology of GM-CSF, in particular that describing the research leading to clinical trials targeting GM-CSF and its receptor in numerous inflammatory/autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has many more functions than its original in vitro identification as an inducer of granulocyte and macrophage development from progenitor cells. Key features of GM-CSF biology need to be defined better, such as the responding and producing cell types, its links with other mediators, its prosurvival versus activation/differentiation functions, and when it is relevant in pathology. Significant preclinical data have emerged from GM-CSF deletion/depletion approaches indicating that GM-CSF is a potential target in many inflammatory/autoimmune conditions. Clinical trials targeting GM-CSF or its receptor have shown encouraging efficacy and safety profiles, particularly in rheumatoid arthritis. This review provides an update on the above topics and current issues/questions surrounding GM-CSF biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Hamilton
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Libner CD, Salapa HE, Levin MC. The Potential Contribution of Dysfunctional RNA-Binding Proteins to the Pathogenesis of Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis and Relevant Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4571. [PMID: 32604997 PMCID: PMC7369711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS) is believed to underlie disease progression and permanent disability. Many mechanisms of neurodegeneration in MS have been proposed, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and RNA-binding protein dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to highlight mechanisms of neurodegeneration in MS and its models, with a focus on RNA-binding protein dysfunction. Studying RNA-binding protein dysfunction addresses a gap in our understanding of the pathogenesis of MS, which will allow for novel therapies to be generated to attenuate neurodegeneration before irreversible central nervous system damage occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole D. Libner
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada;
- Office of Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, CMSNRC (Cameco MS Neuroscience. Research Center), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 0M7, Canada;
| | - Hannah E. Salapa
- Office of Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, CMSNRC (Cameco MS Neuroscience. Research Center), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 0M7, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Michael C. Levin
- Office of Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, CMSNRC (Cameco MS Neuroscience. Research Center), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 0M7, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada
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24
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Lin X, Liu Y, Ma L, Ma X, Chen Z, Chen H, Si L, Ma X, Yu Z, Chen X. Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by Rhodiola rosea, a natural adaptogen. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109960. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Relationship between T cells and microbiota in health and disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 171:95-129. [PMID: 32475529 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, the fields of microbiology and immunology have largely advanced by using germ-free animals and next-generation sequencing. Many studies revealed the relationship among gut microbiota, activation of immune system, and various diseases. Especially, some gut commensals can generate their antigen-specific T cells. It is becoming clear that commensal bacteria have important roles in various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, such as autism, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Recently, it was reported that commensals contribute to the cancer immune therapy. However, how commensal-specific T cells contribute to the disease development and cancer treatment are not fully understood yet. In this chapter, we will summarize the decade history of the studies associated with commensal-induced T cells and commensal-causing diseases.
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Bittner-Eddy PD, Fischer LA, Costalonga M. Transient Expression of IL-17A in Foxp3 Fate-Tracked Cells in Porphyromonas gingivalis-Mediated Oral Dysbiosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:677. [PMID: 32391008 PMCID: PMC7190800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In periodontitis Porphyromonas gingivalis contributes to the development of a dysbiotic oral microbiome. This altered ecosystem elicits a diverse innate and adaptive immune response that simultaneously involves Th1, Th17, and Treg cells. It has been shown that Th17 cells can alter their gene expression to produce interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) is considered the master regulator of Treg cells that produce inhibitory cytokines like IL-10. Differentiation pathways that lead to Th17 and Treg cells from naïve progenitors are considered antagonistic. However, it has been reported that Treg cells expressing IL-17A as well as IFN-γ producing Th17 cells have been observed in several inflammatory conditions. Each scenario appears plausible with T cell transdifferentiation resulting from persistent microbial challenge and consequent inflammation. We established that oral colonization with P. gingivalis drives an initial IL-17A dominated Th17 response in the oral mucosa that is dependent on intraepithelial Langerhans cells (LCs). We hypothesized that Treg cells contribute to this initial IL-17A response through transient expression of IL-17A and that persistent mucosal colonization with P. gingivalis drives Th17 cells toward an IFN-γ phenotype at later stages of infection. We utilized fate-tracking mice where IL-17A- or Foxp3-promoter activity drives the permanent expression of red fluorescent protein tdTomato to test our hypothesis. At day 28 of infection timeline, Th17 cells dominated in the oral mucosa, outnumbering Th1 cells by 3:1. By day 48 this dominance was inverted with Th1 cells outnumbering Th17 cells by nearly 2:1. Tracking tdTomato+ Th17 cells revealed only sporadic transdifferentiation to an IFN-γ-producing phenotype by day 48; the appearance of Th1 cells at day 48 was due to a late de novo Th1 response. tdTomato+ Foxp3+ T cells were 35% of the total live CD4+T cells in the oral mucosa and 3.9% of them developed a transient IL-17A-producing phenotype by day 28. Interestingly, by day 48 these IL-17A-producing Foxp3+ T cells had disappeared. Therefore, persistent oral P. gingivalis infection stimulates an initial IL-17A-biased response led by Th17 cells and a small but significant number of IL-17A-expressing Treg cells that changes into a late de novo Th1 response with only sporadic transdifferentiation of Th17 cells.
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Kalra S, Lowndes C, Durant L, Strange RC, Al-Araji A, Hawkins CP, Curnow SJ. Th17 cells increase in RRMS as well as in SPMS, whereas various other phenotypes of Th17 increase in RRMS only. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2020; 6:2055217319899695. [PMID: 32064115 PMCID: PMC6990617 DOI: 10.1177/2055217319899695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The nature and extent of inflammation seen in multiple sclerosis (MS) varies throughout the course of the disease. Changes seen in CD4+ T-helper cells in relapsing–remitting (RR) MS and secondary progressive (SP) MS might differ qualitatively and/or quantitatively. Objective The objective of this paper is to study the frequencies of all major CD4+ T-helper subtypes – Th17, Th22 and Th1 lineage cells – in relapse, remission and secondary progression alongside CCR6 status, a chemokine receptor involved in migration of these cells into the central nervous system. Methods We compared 100 patients (50 RRMS and 50 SPMS) and 50 healthy volunteers and performed flow cytometric analysis of lymphocytes in blood samples. Results We demonstrated raised frequencies of various cell types along the Th17 axis; Th17, Th17.1 (IL-17+ interferon gamma+) and dual IL-17+ IL-22+ cells in RRMS. Th22 and CCR6+ Th1 cells (nonclassical Th1) were also increased in RRMS. All these cells were CCR6+. Only Th17 frequencies were elevated in SPMS. Conclusions Increased frequencies of Th17 cells are implicated both in RRMS and SPMS. The CCR6 pathway includes Th17, Th22 and Th1 nonclassical cells, of which Th22 and Th1 cells represent the greatest subsets in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kalra
- Royal Stoke MS Centre of Excellence, Neurology Department, University Hospital North Midlands NHS Trust, UK
| | - C Lowndes
- Royal Stoke MS Centre of Excellence, Neurology Department, University Hospital North Midlands NHS Trust, UK
| | - L Durant
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - R C Strange
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University Medical School, UK
| | - A Al-Araji
- Royal Stoke MS Centre of Excellence, Neurology Department, University Hospital North Midlands NHS Trust, UK
| | - Clive P Hawkins
- Royal Stoke MS Centre of Excellence, Neurology Department, University Hospital North Midlands NHS Trust, UK
| | - S John Curnow
- Centre for Translational Inflammation Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
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Mexhitaj I, Nyirenda MH, Li R, O'Mahony J, Rezk A, Rozenberg A, Moore CS, Johnson T, Sadovnick D, Collins DL, Arnold DL, Gran B, Yeh EA, Marrie RA, Banwell B, Bar-Or A. Abnormal effector and regulatory T cell subsets in paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis. Brain 2020; 142:617-632. [PMID: 30759186 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of distinct T-cell subsets involved in multiple sclerosis immune-pathophysiology continues to be of considerable interest since an ultimate goal is to more selectively target the aberrant immune response operating in individual patients. While abnormalities of both effector (Teff) and regulatory (Treg) T cells have been reported in patients with multiple sclerosis, prior studies have mostly assessed average abnormalities in either limb of the immune response, rather than both at the same time, which limits the ability to evaluate the balance between effectors and regulators operating in the same patient. Assessing both phenotypic and functional responses of Teffs and Tregs has also proven important. In studies of adults with multiple sclerosis, in whom biological disease onset likely started many years prior to the immune assessments, an added challenge for any reported abnormality is whether the abnormality indeed contributes to the disease (and hence of interest to target therapeutically) or merely develops consequent to inflammatory injury (in which case efforts to develop targeted therapies are unlikely to be beneficial). Paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis, though rare, offers a unique window into early disease mechanisms. Here, we carried out a comprehensive integrated study, simultaneously assessing phenotype and functional responses of both effector and regulatory T cells in the same children with multiple sclerosis, monophasic inflammatory CNS disorders, and healthy controls, recruited as part of the multicentre prospective Canadian Pediatric Demyelinating Disease Study (CPDDS). Stringent standard operating procedures were developed and uniformly applied to procure, process and subsequently analyse peripheral blood cells using rigorously applied multi-parametric flow cytometry panels and miniaturized functional assays validated for use with cryopreserved cells. We found abnormally increased frequencies and exaggerated pro-inflammatory responses of CD8+CD161highTCR-Vα7.2+ MAIT T cells and CD4+CCR2+CCR5+ Teffs in paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis, compared to both control groups. CD4+CD25hiCD127lowFOXP3+ Tregs of children with multiple sclerosis exhibited deficient suppressive capacity, including diminished capacity to suppress disease-implicated Teffs. In turn, the implicated Teffs of multiple sclerosis patients were relatively resistant to suppression by normal Tregs. An abnormal Teff/Treg ratio at the individual child level best distinguished multiple sclerosis children from controls. We implicate abnormalities in both frequencies and functional responses of distinct pro-inflammatory CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets, as well as Treg function, in paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis, and suggest that mechanisms contributing to early multiple sclerosis development differ across individuals, reflecting an excess abnormality in either Teff or Treg limbs of the T cell response, or a combination of lesser abnormalities in both limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Mexhitaj
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Suite # 111, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and the Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mukanthu H Nyirenda
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Suite # 111, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rui Li
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Suite # 111, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and the Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julia O'Mahony
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, SickKids Research Institute, Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ayman Rezk
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Suite # 111, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and the Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ayal Rozenberg
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Suite # 111, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Craig S Moore
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Suite # 111, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Trina Johnson
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dessa Sadovnick
- Department of Medical Genetics and Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D Louis Collins
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Douglas L Arnold
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Suite # 111, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruno Gran
- Clinical Neurology Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
| | - E Ann Yeh
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, SickKids Research Institute, Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruth Ann Marrie
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Brenda Banwell
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, SickKids Research Institute, Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Suite # 111, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and the Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Jahan-Abad AJ, Karima S, Shateri S, Baram SM, Rajaei S, Morteza-Zadeh P, Borhani-Haghighi M, Salari AA, Nikzamir A, Gorji A. Serum pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neuropathology 2019; 40:84-92. [PMID: 31709666 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as an experimental model of multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by demyelination, infiltration of inflammatory cells into the nervous system and dysregulation of serum inflammatory cytokines. We investigated the correlation of serum cytokines and other inflammatory markers with the EAE pathogenesis. After EAE induction, the levels of different serum cytokine/inflammatory mediators were measured. Furthermore, motor functions, myelination, and lymphocyte infiltration in EAE mice were also assessed. Our results revealed that the serum concentrations of T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-1α and prostaglandin E2 in EAE mice were significantly higher than controls. The ratios of pro- to anti-inflammatory cytokines were different between the EAE and the control group. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the IL-6/IL-10 ratio and the EAE severity, demyelination rate, and lymphocyte infiltration in EAE mice. Results indicate that the profiles of serum pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines might be useful as biomarkers for monitoring the pathological manifestation of EAE. Furthermore, evaluating the dynamic interplay of serum cytokine levels and the correlation with pathogenic mechanisms of EAE may provide diagnostic and therapeutic insights for MS and some other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali J Jahan-Abad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Karima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Shateri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh M Baram
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Scientific Services, HealthWeX Clinical Research Ltd. Co., Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Rajaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Scientific Services, HealthWeX Clinical Research Ltd. Co., Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Ali-Akbar Salari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Abdolrahim Nikzamir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alnbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neurology and Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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30
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Mironova YA, Lin JP, Kalinski AL, Huffman LD, Lenk GM, Havton LA, Meisler MH, Giger RJ. Protective role of the lipid phosphatase Fig4 in the adult nervous system. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:2443-2453. [PMID: 29688489 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate, PI(3,5)P2, functions in vesicular trafficking through the endo-lysosomal compartment. Cellular levels of PI(3,5)P2 are regulated by an enzyme complex comprised of the kinase PIKFYVE, the phosphatase FIG4, and the scaffold protein VAC14. Mutations of human FIG4 cause inherited disorders including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4J, polymicrogyria with epilepsy, and Yunis-Varón syndrome. Constitutive Fig4-/- mice exhibit intention tremor, spongiform degeneration of neural tissue, hypomyelination, and juvenile lethality. To determine whether PI(3,5)P2 is required in the adult, we generated Fig4flox/-; CAG-creER mice and carried out tamoxifen-induced gene ablation. Global ablation in adulthood leads to wasting, tremor, and motor impairment. Death follows within 2 months of tamoxifen treatment, demonstrating a life-long requirement for Fig4. Histological examinations of the sciatic nerve revealed profound Wallerian degeneration of myelinated fibers, but not C-fiber axons in Remak bundles. In optic nerve sections, myelinated fibers appear morphologically intact and carry compound action potentials at normal velocity and amplitude. However, when iKO mice are challenged with a chemical white matter lesion, repair of damaged CNS myelin is significantly delayed, demonstrating a novel role for Fig4 in remyelination. Thus, in the adult PNS Fig4 is required to protect myelinated axons from Wallerian degeneration. In the adult CNS, Fig4 is dispensable for fiber stability and nerve conduction, but is required for the timely repair of damaged white matter. The greater vulnerability of the PNS to Fig4 deficiency in the mouse is consistent with clinical observations in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniya A Mironova
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jing-Ping Lin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ashley L Kalinski
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lucas D Huffman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guy M Lenk
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Leif A Havton
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Miriam H Meisler
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Roman J Giger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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31
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The Diversity of Encephalitogenic CD4+ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8010120. [PMID: 30669462 PMCID: PMC6352150 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoreactive CD4+ T cells, which target antigens in central nervous system (CNS) myelin, are widely believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) in concert with other immune effectors. This theory is supported by data from animal model experiments, genome-wide association studies, and immune profiles of individuals with MS. Furthermore, disease modifying agents that target lymphocytes significantly reduce the rate of MS clinical exacerbations. However, the properties of myelin-reactive CD4+ T cells that are critical for their pathogenic activities are not understood completely. This article reviews the literature on encephalitogenic CD4+ T cells, with an emphasis on T-helper (Th) lineage and cytokine production. An increased understanding of the spectrum of encephalitogenic T cells and how they differ from protective subsets is necessary for the development of the next generation of more effective and safer immunomodulatory therapies customized for individuals with MS and related disorders.
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32
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Giles DA, Duncker PC, Wilkinson NM, Washnock-Schmid JM, Segal BM. CNS-resident classical DCs play a critical role in CNS autoimmune disease. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5322-5334. [PMID: 30226829 DOI: 10.1172/jci123708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), induced by the adoptive transfer of myelin-reactive CD4+ T cells into naive syngeneic mice. It is widely used as a rodent model of multiple sclerosis (MS). The development of EAE lesions is initiated when transferred CD4+ T cells access the CNS and are reactivated by local antigen-presenting cells (APCs) bearing endogenous myelin peptide/MHC class II complexes. The identity of the CNS-resident, lesion-initiating APCs is widely debated. Here we demonstrate that classical dendritic cells (cDCs) normally reside in the meninges, brain, and spinal cord in the steady state. These cells are unique among candidate CNS APCs in their ability to stimulate naive, as well as effector, myelin-specific T cells to proliferate and produce proinflammatory cytokines directly ex vivo. cDCs expanded in the meninges and CNS parenchyma in association with disease progression. Selective depletion of cDCs led to a decrease in the number of myelin-primed donor T cells in the CNS and reduced the incidence of clinical EAE by half. Based on our findings, we propose that cDCs, and the factors that regulate them, be further investigated as potential therapeutic targets in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Giles
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology.,Graduate Program in Immunology, and.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Patrick C Duncker
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology.,Graduate Program in Immunology, and
| | | | | | - Benjamin M Segal
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology.,Graduate Program in Immunology, and.,Neurology Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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33
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Salapa HE, Johnson C, Hutchinson C, Popescu BF, Levin MC. Dysfunctional RNA binding proteins and stress granules in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 324:149-156. [PMID: 30190085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the RNA binding protein (RBP) heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein A1 (hnRNP A1) has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, but its involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS) is largely unknown. In a neuronal cell line, interferon-γ caused hnRNP A1 nucleocytoplasmic mislocalization; colocalization of hnRNP A1 in stress granules (SGs); and inhibition of translation. Neurons in the brain of a MS patient showed pathogenic RBP dysfunction, including nuclear depletion of hnRNP A1, its mislocalization to the cytoplasm, and its colocalization in SGs. These data indicate a role for dysfunctional hnRNP A1 in the pathogenesis of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Salapa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Cameco Multiple Sclerosis Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Chloe Johnson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Catherine Hutchinson
- Department of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Cameco Multiple Sclerosis Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Bogdan F Popescu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Cameco Multiple Sclerosis Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michael C Levin
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Cameco Multiple Sclerosis Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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34
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Stoolman JS, Duncker PC, Huber AK, Giles DA, Washnock-Schmid JM, Soulika AM, Segal BM. An IFNγ/CXCL2 regulatory pathway determines lesion localization during EAE. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:208. [PMID: 30012158 PMCID: PMC6048869 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-reactive T-helper (Th)1 cells induce conventional experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (cEAE), characterized by ascending paralysis and monocyte-predominant spinal cord infiltrates, in C57BL/6 wildtype (WT) hosts. The same T cells induce an atypical form of EAE (aEAE), characterized by ataxia and neutrophil-predominant brainstem infiltrates, in syngeneic IFNγ receptor (IFNγR)-deficient hosts. Production of ELR+ CXC chemokines within the CNS is required for the development of aEAE, but not cEAE. The cellular source(s) and localization of ELR+ CXC chemokines in the CNS and the IFNγ-dependent pathways that regulate their production remain to be elucidated. Methods The spatial distribution of inflammatory lesions and CNS expression of the ELR+ CXC chemokines, CXCL1 and CXCL2, were determined via immunohistochemistry and/or in situ hybridization. Levels of CXCL1 and CXCL2, and their cognate receptor CXCR2, were measured in/on leukocyte subsets by flow cytometric and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. Bone marrow neutrophils and macrophages were cultured with inflammatory stimuli in vitro prior to measurement of CXCL2 and CXCR2 by qPCR or flow cytometry. Results CNS-infiltrating neutrophils and monocytes, and resident microglia, are a prominent source of CXCL2 in the brainstem of IFNγRKO adoptive transfer recipients during aEAE. In WT transfer recipients, IFNγ directly suppresses CXCL2 transcription in microglia and myeloid cells, and CXCR2 transcription in CNS-infiltrating neutrophils. Consequently, infiltration of the brainstem parenchyma from the adjacent meninges is blocked during cEAE. CXCL2 directly stimulates its own expression in cultured neutrophils, which is enhanced by IL-1 and suppressed by IFNγ. Conclusions We provide evidence for an IFNγ-regulated CXCR2/CXCL2 autocrine/paracrine feedback loop in innate immune cells that determines the location of CNS infiltrates during Th1-mediated EAE. When IFNγ signaling is impaired, myeloid cell production of CXCL2 increases, which promotes brainstem inflammation and results in clinical ataxia. IFNγ, produced within the CNS of WT recipients, suppresses myeloid cell CXCR2 and CXCL2 production, thereby skewing the location of neuroinflammatory infiltrates to the spinal cord and the clinical phenotype to an ascending paralysis. These data reveal a novel mechanism by which IFNγ and CXCL2 interact to direct regional recruitment of leukocytes in the CNS, resulting in distinct clinical presentations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1237-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Stoolman
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Division of Allergy-Immunology, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 240 E. Huron Street, McGaw M410, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Patrick C Duncker
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Amanda K Huber
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David A Giles
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jesse M Washnock-Schmid
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Athena M Soulika
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine and Shriners Hospital, 2425 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Benjamin M Segal
- Holtom-Garrett Program in Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Neurology Service, VA Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Han Y, Jin Y, Miao Y, Shi T, Lin X. Switched memory B cells promote alveolar bone damage during periodontitis: An adoptive transfer experiment. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 62:147-154. [PMID: 30015235 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a bacteria-induced disease that often leads to alveolar bone damage. We sought to determine the role and mechanism of switched memory B cells in alveolar bone destruction during periodontitis. Sensitized B cells were sorted and cultured, then their expression of receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-12 (IL-12) was detected. Using these cells, we prepared adoptive transfer models in which we induced periodontitis. We found that switched memory B cells produced more RANKL in terms of both protein and mRNA levels than other subpopulations. Switched memory B cells expressed more IL-6 and IL-12 mRNA than other subpopulations, but differences in respective protein levels were not significant. Moreover, we found that switched memory B cell transfer resulted in increased alveolar bone loss and periodontal osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, switched memory B cell transfer increased the proportion of Th1 and Th17 cells as well as the expression of RANKL, osteoprotegerin (OPG), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A in gingiva, and cervical lymph nodes (CLNs). The outcomes of the present study indicate that switched memory B cells regulate alveolar bone homeostasis via enhancing cytokine expression and increasing proliferation of Th1 and Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Han
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yibin Miao
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tie Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Reich
- From the Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (D.S.R.), and the Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.A.C.) - both in Maryland; and the Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.F.L.)
| | - Claudia F Lucchinetti
- From the Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (D.S.R.), and the Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.A.C.) - both in Maryland; and the Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.F.L.)
| | - Peter A Calabresi
- From the Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (D.S.R.), and the Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (P.A.C.) - both in Maryland; and the Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.F.L.)
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Lin JP, Mironova YA, Shrager P, Giger RJ. LRP1 regulates peroxisome biogenesis and cholesterol homeostasis in oligodendrocytes and is required for proper CNS myelin development and repair. eLife 2017; 6:30498. [PMID: 29251594 PMCID: PMC5752207 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) is a large endocytic and signaling molecule broadly expressed by neurons and glia. In adult mice, global inducible (Lrp1flox/flox;CAG-CreER) or oligodendrocyte (OL)-lineage specific ablation (Lrp1flox/flox;Pdgfra-CreER) of Lrp1 attenuates repair of damaged white matter. In oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), Lrp1 is required for cholesterol homeostasis and differentiation into mature OLs. Lrp1-deficient OPC/OLs show a strong increase in the sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-2 yet are unable to maintain normal cholesterol levels, suggesting more global metabolic deficits. Mechanistic studies revealed a decrease in peroxisomal biogenesis factor-2 and fewer peroxisomes in OL processes. Treatment of Lrp1−/− OPCs with cholesterol or activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ with pioglitazone alone is not sufficient to promote differentiation; however, when combined, cholesterol and pioglitazone enhance OPC differentiation into mature OLs. Collectively, our studies reveal a novel role for Lrp1 in peroxisome biogenesis, lipid homeostasis, and OPC differentiation during white matter development and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ping Lin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yevgeniya A Mironova
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Peter Shrager
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Roman J Giger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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CD4 + T Cells Orchestrate Lethal Immune Pathology despite Fungal Clearance during Cryptococcus neoformans Meningoencephalitis. mBio 2017; 8:mBio.01415-17. [PMID: 29162707 PMCID: PMC5698549 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01415-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a major fungal pathogen that disseminates to the central nervous system (CNS) to cause fatal meningoencephalitis, but little is known about immune responses within this immune-privileged site. CD4+ T cells have demonstrated roles in anticryptococcal defenses, but increasing evidence suggests that they may contribute to clinical deterioration and pathology in both HIV-positive (HIV+) and non-HIV patients who develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) and post-infectious inflammatory response syndrome (PIIRS), respectively. Here we report a novel murine model of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis and a potential damaging role of T cells in disseminated cryptococcal CNS infection. In this model, fungal burdens plateaued in the infected brain by day 7 postinfection, but activation of microglia and accumulation of CD45hi leukocytes was significantly delayed relative to fungal growth and did not peak until day 21. The inflammatory leukocyte infiltrate consisted predominantly of gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing CD4+ T cells, conventionally believed to promote fungal clearance and recovery. However, more than 50% of mice succumbed to infection and neurological dysfunction between days 21 and 35 despite a 100-fold reduction in fungal burdens. Depletion of CD4+ cells significantly impaired IFN-γ production, CD8+ T cell and myeloid cell accumulation, and fungal clearance from the CNS but prevented the development of clinical symptoms and mortality. These findings conclusively demonstrate that although CD4+ T cells are necessary to control fungal growth, they can also promote significant immunopathology and mortality during CNS infection. The results from this model may provide important guidance for development and use of anti-inflammatory therapies to minimize CNS injury in patients with severe cryptococcal infections. CNS infection with the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans often results in debilitating brain injury and has a high mortality rate despite antifungal treatment. Treatment is complicated by the fact that immune responses needed to eliminate infection are also thought to drive CNS damage in a subset of both HIV+ and non-HIV patients. Thus, physicians need to balance efforts to enhance patients’ immune responses and promote microbiological control with anti-inflammatory therapy to protect the CNS. Here we report a novel model of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis demonstrating that fungal growth within the CNS does not immediately cause symptomatic disease. Rather, accumulation of antifungal immune cells critically mediates CNS injury and mortality. This model demonstrates that antifungal immune responses in the CNS can cause detrimental pathology and addresses the urgent need for animal models to investigate the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying cryptococcal disease in order to better treat patients with CNS infections.
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Tahmasebinia F, Pourgholaminejad A. The role of Th17 cells in auto-inflammatory neurological disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 79:408-416. [PMID: 28760387 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The role of T helper 17 (Th17) cells in auto-inflammatory neurological disorders such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and schizophrenia has not been clarified completely. Th17-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-17, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ have a critical role in the pathogenesis of these disorders. In this review, we demonstrate the role of Th17 cells and their related cytokines in the immunopathology of above-mentioned disorders to get a better understanding of neuroinflammatory mechanisms mediated by Th17 cells associated with events leading to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foozhan Tahmasebinia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Arash Pourgholaminejad
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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40
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Gut bacteria from multiple sclerosis patients modulate human T cells and exacerbate symptoms in mouse models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:10713-10718. [PMID: 28893978 PMCID: PMC5635915 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1711235114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 610] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota regulates T cell functions throughout the body. We hypothesized that intestinal bacteria impact the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disorder of the CNS and thus analyzed the microbiomes of 71 MS patients not undergoing treatment and 71 healthy controls. Although no major shifts in microbial community structure were found, we identified specific bacterial taxa that were significantly associated with MS. Akkermansia muciniphila and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, both increased in MS patients, induced proinflammatory responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in monocolonized mice. In contrast, Parabacteroides distasonis, which was reduced in MS patients, stimulated antiinflammatory IL-10-expressing human CD4+CD25+ T cells and IL-10+FoxP3+ Tregs in mice. Finally, microbiota transplants from MS patients into germ-free mice resulted in more severe symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and reduced proportions of IL-10+ Tregs compared with mice "humanized" with microbiota from healthy controls. This study identifies specific human gut bacteria that regulate adaptive autoimmune responses, suggesting therapeutic targeting of the microbiota as a treatment for MS.
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Burnard S, Lechner-Scott J, Scott RJ. EBV and MS: Major cause, minor contribution or red-herring? Mult Scler Relat Disord 2017; 16:24-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chen Y, Chauhan SK, Shao C, Omoto M, Inomata T, Dana R. IFN-γ-Expressing Th17 Cells Are Required for Development of Severe Ocular Surface Autoimmunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28637904 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Th17 cells are critical effectors mediating the ocular surface autoimmunity in dry eye disease (DED). Increased IFN-γ has also been implicated in DED; however, it remains unclear to what extent Th1 cells contribute to DED pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the cellular source of IFN-γ and assessed its contribution to corneal epitheliopathy in DED mice. We discovered a significant IL-17A+IFN-γ+ (Th17/1) population and determined that these cells are derived from Th17 precursors. Adoptive transfer of Th17/1, but not Th1, cells confers the disease to naive recipients as effectively as do Th17 cells alone. DED-induced IL-12 and IL-23 are required for in vivo transition of pathogenic Th17 cells to IFN-γ producers. Furthermore, using IFN-γ-deficient Th17 cells, we demonstrate the disease-amplifying role of Th17-derived IFN-γ in DED pathogenesis. These results clearly demonstrate that Th17 cells mediate ocular surface autoimmunity through both IL-17A and IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Chunyi Shao
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Masahiro Omoto
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Takenori Inomata
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
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43
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Anti-colony-stimulating factor therapies for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 16:53-70. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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44
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Peng H, Li H, Sheehy A, Cullen P, Allaire N, Scannevin RH. Dimethyl fumarate alters microglia phenotype and protects neurons against proinflammatory toxic microenvironments. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 299:35-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Multiple Sclerosis and Obesity: Possible Roles of Adipokines. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:4036232. [PMID: 27721574 PMCID: PMC5046034 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4036232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder of the Central Nervous System that has been associated with several environmental factors, such as diet and obesity. The possible link between MS and obesity has become more interesting in recent years since the discovery of the remarkable properties of adipose tissue. Once MS is initiated, obesity can contribute to increased disease severity by negatively influencing disease progress and treatment response, but, also, obesity in early life is highly relevant as a susceptibility factor and causally related risk for late MS development. The aim of this review was to discuss recent evidence about the link between obesity, as a chronic inflammatory state, and the pathogenesis of MS as a chronic autoimmune and inflammatory disease. First, we describe the main cells involved in MS pathogenesis, both from neural tissue and from the immune system, and including a new participant, the adipocyte, focusing on their roles in MS. Second, we concentrate on the role of several adipokines that are able to participate in the mediation of the immune response in MS and on the possible cross talk between the latter. Finally, we explore recent therapy that involves the transplantation of adipocyte precursor cells for the treatment of MS.
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46
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Jons D, Kneider M, Fogelstrand L, Jeppsson A, Jacobsson S, Andersen O. Early hematopoiesis in multiple sclerosis patients. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 299:158-163. [PMID: 27725115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary evidence supports that MS immunopathology starts in the peripheral lymphatic system. However, the site and character of crucial initiating events are unknown. We examined subsets of the first stages of blood cells in the bone marrow of 9 MS patients and 11 neurologically healthy controls using FACS analysis. The proportion of natural killer T cells was lower (P=0.045) in the bone marrow of MS patients, but proportions of hematogenous stem cells, myeloblasts, and B cell precursor subsets in the bone marrow did not differ between MS patients and controls. In this pilot study with a limited number of samples we found no deviation of the early B cell lineage in bone marrow from MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jons
- Section of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Maria Kneider
- Section of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Fogelstrand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Jeppsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Jacobsson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Oluf Andersen
- Section of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Bühler U, Fleischer V, Luessi F, Rezk A, Belikan P, Graetz C, Gollan R, Wolf C, Lutz J, Bar-Or A, Siffrin V, Zipp F. Role of IL-17-producing lymphocytes in severity of multiple sclerosis upon natalizumab treatment. Mult Scler 2016; 23:567-576. [PMID: 27436357 DOI: 10.1177/1352458516658559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Natalizumab is known to prevent T-helper cells entering the central nervous system (CNS). We hypothesize that more pathogenic T-helper cells are present outside the CNS and a possible relationship to disease severity. METHODS Characterization and enrichment of human CD4+IL-17+ cells were performed ex vivo using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from natalizumab-treated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients ( n = 33), untreated RRMS patients ( n = 13), and healthy controls ( n = 33). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed routinely for patients. RESULTS Lymphocytes were elevated in peripheral blood of natalizumab-treated patients compared to untreated patients and healthy controls. Whereas group comparison for CD4+IL-17+ numbers also differed, CD4+IFN-γ+ and CD4+IL-22+ counts were not increased. CD4+IL-17+ cells not only expressed but also secreted IL-17. In natalizumab-treated patients, IL-17+ cell frequency was found to correlate with T1-hypointense lesions, but was not an indicator for rebound activity after treatment discontinuation, except in one patient who experienced a fulminant rebound, and interestingly, in whom the highest IL-17+ cell levels were observed. CONCLUSION Increased lymphocytes and CD4+IL-17+ cells in the blood of RRMS patients receiving natalizumab corroborate the drug's mechanism of action, that is, blocking transmigration to CNS. Correlation between IL-17-expressing lymphocytes and T1-hypointense lesions underlines the important role of these cells in the disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Bühler
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Vinzenz Fleischer
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix Luessi
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ayman Rezk
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Belikan
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christiane Graetz
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - René Gollan
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Wolf
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens Lutz
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Volker Siffrin
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany/Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Levin MC, Lee S, Gardner LA, Shin Y, Douglas JN, Salapa H. Autoantibodies to heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein A1 (hnRNPA1) cause altered 'ribostasis' and neurodegeneration; the legacy of HAM/TSP as a model of progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 304:56-62. [PMID: 27449854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Several years following its discovery in 1980, infection with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was shown to cause HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), a disease biologically similar to progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this manuscript, we review some of the clinical, pathological, and immunological similarities between HAM/TSP and MS with an emphasis on how autoantibodies to an RNA binding protein, heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein A1 (hnRNP A1), might contribute to neurodegeneration in immune mediated diseases of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Levin
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lidia A Gardner
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yoojin Shin
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Joshua N Douglas
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hannah Salapa
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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50
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Douglas JN, Gardner LA, Salapa HE, Lalor SJ, Lee S, Segal BM, Sawchenko PE, Levin MC. Antibodies to the RNA-binding protein hnRNP A1 contribute to neurodegeneration in a model of central nervous system autoimmune inflammatory disease. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:178. [PMID: 27391474 PMCID: PMC4938923 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0647-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegeneration is believed to be the primary cause of permanent, long-term disability in patients with multiple sclerosis. The cause of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis appears to be multifactorial. One mechanism that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis is the targeting of neuronal and axonal antigens by autoantibodies. Multiple sclerosis patients develop antibodies to the RNA-binding protein, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1), which is enriched in neurons. We hypothesized that anti-hnRNP A1 antibodies would contribute to neurodegeneration in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. METHODS Following induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by direct immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, mice were injected with anti-hnRNP A1 or control antibodies. Animals were examined clinically, and the central nervous system (CNS) tissues were tested for neurodegeneration with Fluoro-Jade C, a marker of degenerating neural elements. RESULTS Injection of anti-hnRNP A1 antibodies in mice with EAE worsened clinical disease, altered the clinical disease phenotype, and caused neurodegeneration preferentially in the ventral spinocerebellar tract and deep white matter of the cerebellum in the CNS. Neurodegeneration in mice injected with hnRNP A1-M9 antibodies compared to control groups was consistent with "dying back" axonal degeneration. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that antibodies to the RNA-binding protein hnRNP A1 contribute to neurodegeneration in immune-mediated disease of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N. Douglas
- />Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, Room 415, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
- />The Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Lidia A. Gardner
- />Research Service, VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN USA
- />Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, Room 415, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
- />The Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Hannah E. Salapa
- />Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, Room 415, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
- />The Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Stephen J. Lalor
- />Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Sangmin Lee
- />Research Service, VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN USA
- />Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, Room 415, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
- />The Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA
| | - Benjamin M. Segal
- />Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- />Neurology Service, VA Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Paul E. Sawchenko
- />Laboratory of Neuronal Structure & Function, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Michael C. Levin
- />Research Service, VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN USA
- />Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, Room 415, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
- />The Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN USA
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