1
|
Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, Cleland JGF, Kalra PR, Mentz RJ, Ponikowski P. Identification of three mechanistic pathways for iron-deficient heart failure. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:2281-2293. [PMID: 38733250 PMCID: PMC11231948 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Current understanding of iron-deficient heart failure is based on blood tests that are thought to reflect systemic iron stores, but the available evidence suggests greater complexity. The entry and egress of circulating iron is controlled by erythroblasts, which (in severe iron deficiency) will sacrifice erythropoiesis to supply iron to other organs, e.g. the heart. Marked hypoferraemia (typically with anaemia) can drive the depletion of cardiomyocyte iron, impairing contractile performance and explaining why a transferrin saturation < ≈15%-16% predicts the ability of intravenous iron to reduce the risk of major heart failure events in long-term trials (Type 1 iron-deficient heart failure). However, heart failure may be accompanied by intracellular iron depletion within skeletal muscle and cardiomyocytes, which is disproportionate to the findings of systemic iron biomarkers. Inflammation- and deconditioning-mediated skeletal muscle dysfunction-a primary cause of dyspnoea and exercise intolerance in patients with heart failure-is accompanied by intracellular skeletal myocyte iron depletion, which can be exacerbated by even mild hypoferraemia, explaining why symptoms and functional capacity improve following intravenous iron, regardless of baseline haemoglobin or changes in haemoglobin (Type 2 iron-deficient heart failure). Additionally, patients with advanced heart failure show myocardial iron depletion due to both diminished entry into and enhanced egress of iron from the myocardium; the changes in iron proteins in the cardiomyocytes of these patients are opposite to those expected from systemic iron deficiency. Nevertheless, iron supplementation can prevent ventricular remodelling and cardiomyopathy produced by experimental injury in the absence of systemic iron deficiency (Type 3 iron-deficient heart failure). These observations, taken collectively, support the possibility of three different mechanistic pathways for the development of iron-deficient heart failure: one that is driven through systemic iron depletion and impaired erythropoiesis and two that are characterized by disproportionate depletion of intracellular iron in skeletal and cardiac muscle. These mechanisms are not mutually exclusive, and all pathways may be operative at the same time or may occur sequentially in the same patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, 621 North Hall Street, Dallas, TX 75226, USA
- Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology of German Heart Center Charité, Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Javed Butler
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - John G F Cleland
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul R Kalra
- Department of Cardiology, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Robert J Mentz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Z, Khondowe P, Brannick E, Abasht B. Spatial transcriptomics reveals alterations in perivascular macrophage lipid metabolism in the onset of Wooden Breast myopathy in broiler chickens. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3450. [PMID: 38342952 PMCID: PMC10859375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to use spatial transcriptomics to characterize the cell-type-specific expression profile associated with the microscopic features observed in Wooden Breast myopathy. 1 cm3 muscle sample was dissected from the cranial part of the right pectoralis major muscle from three randomly sampled broiler chickens at 23 days post-hatch and processed with Visium Spatial Gene Expression kits (10X Genomics), followed by high-resolution imaging and sequencing on the Illumina Nextseq 2000 system. WB classification was based on histopathologic features identified. Sequence reads were aligned to the chicken reference genome (Galgal6) and mapped to histological images. Unsupervised K-means clustering and Seurat integrative analysis differentiated histologic features and their specific gene expression pattern, including lipid laden macrophages (LLM), unaffected myofibers, myositis and vasculature. In particular, LLM exhibited reprogramming of lipid metabolism with up-regulated lipid transporters and genes in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors pathway, possibly through P. Moreover, overexpression of fatty acid binding protein 5 could enhance fatty acid uptake in adjacent veins. In myositis regions, increased expression of cathepsins may play a role in muscle homeostasis and repair by mediating lysosomal activity and apoptosis. A better knowledge of different cell-type interactions at early stages of WB is essential in developing a comprehensive understanding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Wang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Paul Khondowe
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Erin Brannick
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Behnam Abasht
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Galy B, Conrad M, Muckenthaler M. Mechanisms controlling cellular and systemic iron homeostasis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:133-155. [PMID: 37783783 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, hundreds of proteins use iron in a multitude of cellular functions, including vital processes such as mitochondrial respiration, gene regulation and DNA synthesis or repair. Highly orchestrated regulatory systems control cellular and systemic iron fluxes ensuring sufficient iron delivery to target proteins is maintained, while limiting its potentially deleterious effects in iron-mediated oxidative cell damage and ferroptosis. In this Review, we discuss how cells acquire, traffick and export iron and how stored iron is mobilized for iron-sulfur cluster and haem biogenesis. Furthermore, we describe how these cellular processes are fine-tuned by the combination of various sensory and regulatory systems, such as the iron-regulatory protein (IRP)-iron-responsive element (IRE) network, the nuclear receptor co-activator 4 (NCOA4)-mediated ferritinophagy pathway, the prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD)-hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) axis or the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) regulatory hub. We further describe how these pathways interact with systemic iron homeostasis control through the hepcidin-ferroportin axis to ensure appropriate iron fluxes. This knowledge is key for the identification of novel therapeutic opportunities to prevent diseases of cellular and/or systemic iron mismanagement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Galy
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Virus-associated Carcinogenesis (F170), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martina Muckenthaler
- Department of Paediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cao J, Yang Z, Liu W, Chen S, Qu G, Zhong C. Association of iron deficiency with chronic suppurative otitis media in adults. Acta Otolaryngol 2024; 144:19-22. [PMID: 38315117 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2024.2310013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease globally. Current research suggests a possible association between anaemia and the development of CSOM. OBJECTIVES The objective of this trial was to investigate the relationship between iron metabolism and chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) in adults aged 20-60 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS A consecutive sampling case-control study was used. The study participants were divided into a case group (42 children diagnosed with CSOM) and a control group (42 children with normal ears). Haemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes (MCV), serum iron level (SI), unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin (TF), ferritin (Fer) were tested in all the participants, and the results were compared with the normal ranges of the World Health Organization (WHO). The comparative analysis of cases and controls was performed using the Fisher extract test, independence t-test, or Mann-Whitney U test. p-value <.05 was considered statistically significant for correlation. RESULTS There were 61 patients with CSOM and 61 controls included in the study. In the case group, 16 out of 61 patients (26.2%) had low ferritin levels and in the control group, 1 out of 61 patients (1.6%) had low ferritin levels (p < .001). In the case group, 6 (9.8%) of 61 patients had IDA, and in the control group, there were no patients with IDA among 61 patients (p = .027). There were significant differences in SI, UIBC, and Fer parameters between the groups. CONCLUSIONS In adult patients, the incidence of iron deficiency was higher in CSOM patients than in controls. Iron deficiency may be considered a potential risk factor for chronic suppurative otitis media, and serum iron parameters should be evaluated in these CSOM patients and further studies should be conducted to better understand the potential link between iron deficiency and CSOM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Cao
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The 940th Hospital Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Zixuan Yang
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The 940th Hospital Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The 940th Hospital Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Sijing Chen
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The 940th Hospital Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Gaoya Qu
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The 940th Hospital Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Cuiping Zhong
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The 940th Hospital Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moreno-Navarrete JM, Fernández-Real JM. Iron: The silent culprit in your adipose tissue. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13647. [PMID: 37789591 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Iron plays a vital role in essential biological processes and requires precise regulation within the body. Dysregulation of iron homeostasis, characterized by increased serum ferritin levels and excessive accumulation of iron in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle, is associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Notably, iron excess in adipose tissue promotes adipose tissue dysfunction. As optimal adipose tissue function is crucial for maintaining a healthy phenotype in obesity, a comprehensive understanding of iron homeostasis in adipose tissue is imperative for designing new therapeutic approaches to improve and prevent adipose tissue dysfunction. Here, we conducted a review of relevant studies, focusing on and providing valuable insights into the intricate interplay between iron and adipose tissue. It sheds light on the impact of iron on adipogenesis and the physiology of both white and brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, we highlight the critical role of key modulators, such as cytosolic aconitase, mitochondria, and macrophages, in maintaining iron homeostasis within adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Che Y, Li J, Wang P, Yu W, Lin J, Su Z, Ye F, Zhang Z, Xu P, Xie Z, Wu Y, Shen H. Iron deficiency-induced ferritinophagy impairs skeletal muscle regeneration through RNF20-mediated H2Bub1 modification. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf4345. [PMID: 37976359 PMCID: PMC10656073 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf4345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) is a widespread condition concomitant with disease and results in systemic dysfunction of target tissues including skeletal muscle. Activated by ID, ferritinophagy is a recently found type of selective autophagy, which plays an important role in various physiological and pathological conditions. In this study, we demonstrated that ID-mediated ferritinophagy impeded myogenic differentiation. Mechanistically, ferritinophagy induced RNF20 degradation through the autophagy-lysosomal pathway and then negatively regulated histone H2B monoubiquitination at lysine-120 in the promoters of the myogenic markers MyoD and MyoG, which inhibited myogenic differentiation and regeneration. Conditional knockout of NCOA4 in satellite cells, overexpression of RNF20 or treatment with 3-methyladenine restored skeletal muscle regenerative potential under ID conditions. In patients with ID, RNF20 and H2Bub1 protein expression is downregulated in skeletal muscle. In conclusion, our study indicated that the ferritinophagy-RNF20-H2Bub1 axis is a pathological molecular mechanism underlying ID-induced skeletal muscle impairment, suggesting potential therapeutic prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunshu Che
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Jinteng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Wenhui Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Jiajie Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Zepeng Su
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoqiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Peitao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyu Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alves FM, Ayton S, Bush AI, Lynch GS, Koopman R. Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Iron Homeostasis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:16-24. [PMID: 35869751 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related condition of slow, progressive loss of muscle mass and strength, which contributes to frailty, increased risk of hospitalization and mortality, and increased health care costs. The incidence of sarcopenia is predicted to increase to >200 million affected older adults worldwide over the next 40 years, highlighting the urgency for understanding biological mechanisms and developing effective interventions. An understanding of the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia remains incomplete. Iron in the muscle is important for various metabolic functions, including oxygen supply and electron transfer during energy production, yet these same chemical properties of iron may be deleterious to the muscle when either in excess or when biochemically unshackled (eg, in ferroptosis), it can promote oxidative stress and induce inflammation. This review outlines the mechanisms leading to iron overload in muscle with aging and evaluates the evidence for the iron overload hypothesis of sarcopenia. Based on current evidence, studies are needed to (a) determine the mechanisms leading to iron overload in skeletal muscle during aging; and (b) investigate whether skeletal muscles are functionally deficient in iron during aging leading to impairments in oxidative metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Alves
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott Ayton
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - René Koopman
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mayneris-Perxachs J, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Fernández-Real JM. The role of iron in host-microbiota crosstalk and its effects on systemic glucose metabolism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:683-698. [PMID: 35986176 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Iron is critical for the appearance and maintenance of life on Earth. Almost all organisms compete or cooperate for iron acquisition, demonstrating the importance of this essential element for the biological and physiological processes that are key for the preservation of metabolic homeostasis. In humans and other mammals, the bidirectional interactions between the bacterial component of the gut microbiota and the host for iron acquisition shape both host and microbiota metabolism. Bacterial functions influence host iron absorption, whereas the intake of iron, iron deficiency and iron excess in the host affect bacterial biodiversity, taxonomy and function, resulting in changes in bacterial virulence. These consequences of the host-microbial crosstalk affect systemic levels of iron, its storage in different tissues and host glucose metabolism. At the interface between the host and the microbiota, alterations in the host innate immune system and in circulating soluble factors that regulate iron (that is, hepcidin, lipocalin 2 and lactoferrin) are associated with metabolic disease. In fact, patients with obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance exhibit dysregulation in iron homeostasis and alterations in their gut microbiota profile. From an evolutionary point of view, the pursuit of two important nutrients - glucose and iron - has probably driven human evolution towards the most efficient pathways and genes for human survival and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Y, Huang X, Qi B, Sun C, Sun K, Liu N, Zhu L, Wei X. Ferroptosis and musculoskeletal diseases: “Iron Maiden” cell death may be a promising therapeutic target. Front Immunol 2022; 13:972753. [PMID: 36304454 PMCID: PMC9595130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.972753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death precisely regulated by iron metabolism, antioxidant processes, and lipid metabolism that plays an irreplaceable role in the development of many diseases. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSKs), including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, sarcopenia, and rhabdomyolysis, have become one of the most common causes of disability and a major burden on public health and social care systems. The mechanism of ferroptosis in MSKs has recently been elucidated. In this review, we briefly introduce the ferroptosis mechanism and illustrate the pathological roles of ferroptosis in MSKs with a focus on how ferroptosis can be exploited as a promising treatment strategy. Notably, because the toxicity of compounds that inhibit or induce ferroptosis in other organs is largely unknown, ferroptosis appears to be a double-edged sword. We point out that more research is needed in the future to verify the therapeutic effects based on ferroptosis in MSKs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yili Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyu Qi
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanrui Sun
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liguo Zhu
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liguo Zhu, ; Xu Wei,
| | - Xu Wei
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liguo Zhu, ; Xu Wei,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
A Novel Muscle Atrophy Mechanism: Myocyte Degeneration Due to Intracellular Iron Deprivation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182853. [PMID: 36139428 PMCID: PMC9497220 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is defined as the progressive degeneration or shrinkage of myocytes and is triggered by factors such as aging, cancer, injury, inflammation, and immobilization. Considering the total amount of body iron stores and its crucial role in skeletal muscle, myocytes may have their own iron regulation mechanism. Although the detrimental effects of iron overload or iron deficiency on muscle function have been studied, the molecular mechanism of iron-dependent muscle atrophy has not been elucidated. Using human muscle tissues and in the mouse rotator cuff tear model, we confirmed an association between injury-induced iron depletion in myocytes and muscle atrophy. In differentiated C2C12 myotubes, the effects of iron deficiency on myocytes and the molecular mechanism of muscle atrophy by iron deficiency were evaluated. Our study revealed that the lower iron concentration in injured muscle was associated with the upregulation of ferroportin, an iron exporter that transports iron out of cells. Ferroportin expression was increased by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), which is activated by muscle injury, and its expression is controlled by HIF1 inhibitor treatment. Iron deprivation caused myocyte loss and a marked depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential leading to muscle atrophy, together with increased levels of myostatin, the upstream regulator of atrogin1 and muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1). Myostatin expression under iron deficiency was mediated by an orphan nuclear receptor, dosage-sensitive sex reversal-adrenal hypoplasia congenita critical region on the X chromosome (DAX1).
Collapse
|
11
|
Ameka MK, Beavers WN, Shaver CM, Ware LB, Kerchberger VE, Schoenfelt KQ, Sun L, Koyama T, Skaar EP, Becker L, Hasty AH. An Iron Refractory Phenotype in Obese Adipose Tissue Macrophages Leads to Adipocyte Iron Overload. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137417. [PMID: 35806422 PMCID: PMC9267114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte iron overload is a maladaptation associated with obesity and insulin resistance. The objective of the current study was to determine whether and how adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) regulate adipocyte iron concentrations and whether this is impacted by obesity. Using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) polarized to M0, M1, M2, or metabolically activated (MMe) phenotypes, we showed that MMe BMDMs and ATMs from obese mice have reduced expression of several iron-related proteins. Furthermore, the bioenergetic response to iron in obese ATMs was hampered. ATMs from iron-injected lean mice increased their glycolytic and respiratory capacities, thus maintaining metabolic flexibility, while ATMs from obese mice did not. Using an isotope-based system, we found that iron exchange between BMDMs and adipocytes was regulated by macrophage phenotype. At the end of the co-culture, MMe macrophages transferred and received more iron from adipocytes than M0, M1, and M2 macrophages. This culminated in a decrease in total iron in MMe macrophages and an increase in total iron in adipocytes compared with M2 macrophages. Taken together, in the MMe condition, the redistribution of iron is biased toward macrophage iron deficiency and simultaneous adipocyte iron overload. These data suggest that obesity changes the communication of iron between adipocytes and macrophages and that rectifying this iron communication channel may be a novel therapeutic target to alleviate insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene K. Ameka
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA;
| | - William N. Beavers
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | - Ciara M. Shaver
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (C.M.S.); (L.B.W.); (V.E.K.)
| | - Lorraine B. Ware
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (C.M.S.); (L.B.W.); (V.E.K.)
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA;
| | - Vern Eric Kerchberger
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (C.M.S.); (L.B.W.); (V.E.K.)
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA;
| | - Kelly Q. Schoenfelt
- Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (K.Q.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Lili Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (L.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Tatsuki Koyama
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (L.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Eric P. Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA;
| | - Lev Becker
- Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (K.Q.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Alyssa H. Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA;
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ameka M, Hasty AH. Paying the Iron Price: Liver Iron Homeostasis and Metabolic Disease. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3641-3663. [PMID: 35766833 PMCID: PMC10155403 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential metal element whose bioavailability is tightly regulated. Under normal conditions, systemic and cellular iron homeostases are synchronized for optimal function, based on the needs of each system. During metabolic dysfunction, this synchrony is lost, and markers of systemic iron homeostasis are no longer coupled to the iron status of key metabolic organs such as the liver and adipose tissue. The effects of dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome in the liver have been tied to hepatic insulin resistance, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. While the existence of a relationship between iron dysregulation and metabolic dysfunction has long been acknowledged, identifying correlative relationships is complicated by the prognostic reliance on systemic measures of iron homeostasis. What is lacking and perhaps more informative is an understanding of how cellular iron homeostasis changes with metabolic dysfunction. This article explores bidirectional relationships between different proteins involved in iron homeostasis and metabolic dysfunction in the liver. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3641-3663, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene Ameka
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bonilla DA, Moreno Y, Petro JL, Forero DA, Vargas-Molina S, Odriozola-Martínez A, Orozco CA, Stout JR, Rawson ES, Kreider RB. A Bioinformatics-Assisted Review on Iron Metabolism and Immune System to Identify Potential Biomarkers of Exercise Stress-Induced Immunosuppression. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030724. [PMID: 35327526 PMCID: PMC8945881 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune function is closely related to iron (Fe) homeostasis and allostasis. The aim of this bioinformatics-assisted review was twofold; (i) to update the current knowledge of Fe metabolism and its relationship to the immune system, and (ii) to perform a prediction analysis of regulatory network hubs that might serve as potential biomarkers during stress-induced immunosuppression. Several literature and bioinformatics databases/repositories were utilized to review Fe metabolism and complement the molecular description of prioritized proteins. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) was used to build a protein-protein interactions network for subsequent network topology analysis. Importantly, Fe is a sensitive double-edged sword where two extremes of its nutritional status may have harmful effects on innate and adaptive immunity. We identified clearly connected important hubs that belong to two clusters: (i) presentation of peptide antigens to the immune system with the involvement of redox reactions of Fe, heme, and Fe trafficking/transport; and (ii) ubiquitination, endocytosis, and degradation processes of proteins related to Fe metabolism in immune cells (e.g., macrophages). The identified potential biomarkers were in agreement with the current experimental evidence, are included in several immunological/biomarkers databases, and/or are emerging genetic markers for different stressful conditions. Although further validation is warranted, this hybrid method (human-machine collaboration) to extract meaningful biological applications using available data in literature and bioinformatics tools should be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia; (Y.M.); (J.L.P.)
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Education, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogota 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-320-335-2050
| | - Yurany Moreno
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia; (Y.M.); (J.L.P.)
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Education, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogota 110311, Colombia
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogota 110311, Colombia; (Y.M.); (J.L.P.)
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
| | - Diego A. Forero
- Health and Sport Sciences Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (D.A.F.); (C.A.O.)
| | - Salvador Vargas-Molina
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 29018 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Adrián Odriozola-Martínez
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- kDNA Genomics, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Carlos A. Orozco
- Health and Sport Sciences Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia; (D.A.F.); (C.A.O.)
| | - Jeffrey R. Stout
- Physiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Eric S. Rawson
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Science, Messiah University, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055, USA;
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Patsalos A, Halasz L, Medina-Serpas MA, Berger WK, Daniel B, Tzerpos P, Kiss M, Nagy G, Fischer C, Simandi Z, Varga T, Nagy L. A growth factor-expressing macrophage subpopulation orchestrates regenerative inflammation via GDF-15. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20210420. [PMID: 34846534 PMCID: PMC8635277 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle regeneration is the result of the concerted action of multiple cell types driven by the temporarily controlled phenotype switches of infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages. Pro-inflammatory macrophages transition into a phenotype that drives tissue repair through the production of effectors such as growth factors. This orchestrated sequence of regenerative inflammatory events, which we termed regeneration-promoting program (RPP), is essential for proper repair. However, it is not well understood how specialized repair-macrophage identity develops in the RPP at the transcriptional level and how induced macrophage-derived factors coordinate tissue repair. Gene expression kinetics-based clustering of blood circulating Ly6Chigh, infiltrating inflammatory Ly6Chigh, and reparative Ly6Clow macrophages, isolated from injured muscle, identified the TGF-β superfamily member, GDF-15, as a component of the RPP. Myeloid GDF-15 is required for proper muscle regeneration following acute sterile injury, as revealed by gain- and loss-of-function studies. Mechanistically, GDF-15 acts both on proliferating myoblasts and on muscle-infiltrating myeloid cells. Epigenomic analyses of upstream regulators of Gdf15 expression identified that it is under the control of nuclear receptors RXR/PPARγ. Finally, immune single-cell RNA-seq profiling revealed that Gdf15 is coexpressed with other known muscle regeneration-associated growth factors, and their expression is limited to a unique subpopulation of repair-type macrophages (growth factor-expressing macrophages [GFEMs]).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Patsalos
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Laszlo Halasz
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Miguel A. Medina-Serpas
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Wilhelm K. Berger
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Bence Daniel
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Petros Tzerpos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Máté Kiss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltan Simandi
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL
| | - Tamas Varga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wei Z, Ge F, Che Y, Wu S, Dong X, Song D. Metabolomics Coupled with Pathway Analysis Provides Insights into Sarco-Osteoporosis Metabolic Alterations and Estrogen Therapeutic Effects in Mice. Biomolecules 2021; 12:41. [PMID: 35053189 PMCID: PMC8773875 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) and sarcopenia are common diseases that predominantly affect postmenopausal women. In the occurrence and development of these two diseases, they are potentially pathologically connected with each other at various molecular levels. However, the application of metabolomics in sarco-osteoporosis and the metabolic rewiring happening throughout the estrogen loss-replenish process have not been reported. To investigate the metabolic alteration of sarco-osteoporosis and the possible therapeutical effects of estradiol, 24 mice were randomly divided into sham surgery, ovariectomy (OVX), and estradiol-treated groups. Three-dimensional reconstructions and histopathology examination showed significant bone loss after ovariectomy. Estrogen can well protect against OVX-induced bone loss deterioration. UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS was preformed to profile semi- polar metabolites of skeletal muscle samples from all groups. Metabolomics analysis revealed metabolic rewiring occurred in OVX group, most of which can be reversed by estrogen supplementation. In total, 65 differential metabolites were identified, and pathway analysis revealed that sarco-osteoporosis was related to the alterations in purine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, histidine metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and thermogenesis, which provided possible explanations for the metabolic mechanism of sarco-osteoporosis. This study indicates that an UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomics approach can elucidate the metabolic reprogramming mechanisms of sarco-osteoporosis and provide biological evidence of the therapeutical effects of estrogen on sarco-osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziheng Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, China;
| | - Fei Ge
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (F.G.); (Y.C.)
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yanting Che
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (F.G.); (Y.C.)
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Si Wu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (F.G.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Dianwen Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, China;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Singh P, Chazaud B. Benefits and pathologies associated with the inflammatory response. Exp Cell Res 2021; 409:112905. [PMID: 34736921 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle regenerates completely after a damage, thanks to the satellite cells, or muscle stem cells (MuSCs), that implement the adult myogenic program. This program is sustained by both robust intrinsic mechanisms and extrinsic cues coming from the close neighborhood of MuSCs during muscle regeneration. Among the various cell types present in the regenerating muscle, immune cells, and particularly macrophages, exert numerous functions and provide sequential transient niches to support the myogenic program. The adequate orchestration of the delivery of these cues ensures efficient muscle regeneration and full functional recovery. The situation is very different in muscular dystrophies where asynchronous and permanent microinjuries occur, triggering contradictory regenerating cues at the same time in a specific area, that lead to chronic inflammation and fibrogenesis. Here we review the beneficial effects that leukocytes, and particularly macrophages, exert on their neighboring cells during skeletal muscle regeneration after an acute injury. Then, the more complicated (and less beneficial) roles of leukocytes during muscular dystrophies are presented. Finally, we discuss how the inflammatory compartment may be a target to improve muscle regeneration in both acute muscle injury and muscle diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawandeep Singh
- Institut NeuroMyoGene, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université Lyon, Faculté de Médecine, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGene, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université Lyon, Faculté de Médecine, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ntahe A, Serror K, Boccara D, Chaouat M, Mimoun M, Plaud B. Iron status in 1041 non-anaemic patients scheduled for elective reduction mammoplasty: prevalence of iron depletion, iron deficiency, and low iron stores. Br J Anaesth 2021; 127:e207-e210. [PMID: 34657663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aristide Ntahe
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, DMU PARABOL, service d'anesthésie-réanimation-CTB, Paris, France.
| | - Kevin Serror
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, DMU ICARE, service de chirurgie plastique reconstructrice et esthétique, Paris, France
| | - David Boccara
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, DMU ICARE, service de chirurgie plastique reconstructrice et esthétique, Paris, France
| | - Marc Chaouat
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, DMU ICARE, service de chirurgie plastique reconstructrice et esthétique, Paris, France
| | - Maurice Mimoun
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, DMU ICARE, service de chirurgie plastique reconstructrice et esthétique, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Plaud
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, DMU PARABOL, service d'anesthésie-réanimation-CTB, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Winn NC, Wolf EM, Cottam MA, Bhanot M, Hasty AH. Myeloid-specific deletion of ferroportin impairs macrophage bioenergetics but is disconnected from systemic insulin action in adult mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E376-E391. [PMID: 34338042 PMCID: PMC8461794 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00116.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tissue iron overload is associated with insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction in rodents and humans; however, the mechanisms or cell types that mediate this phenotype are not completely understood. Macrophages (Mɸs) are known to contribute to iron handling; thus, we hypothesized that perturbed iron handling by Mɸs impairs mitochondrial energetics and evokes systemic insulin resistance in mice. Male and female mice with myeloid-targeted (LysMCre) deletion of the canonical iron exporter, ferroportin (Fpn, encoded by Slc40a1), floxed littermates, and C57BL/6J wild-type mice were used to test our hypotheses. Myeloid-targeted deletion of Fpn evoked multitissue iron accumulation and reduced mitochondrial respiration in bone marrow-derived Mɸs, liver leukocytes, and Mɸ-enriched populations from adipose tissue (AT). In addition, a single bolus of exogenous iron administered to C57BL/6J mice phenocopied the loss of Fpn, resulting in a reduction in maximal and mitochondrial reserve capacity in Mɸ-enriched cellular fractions from liver and AT. In vivo exogenous iron chelation restored mitochondrial reserve capacity in liver leukocytes from Fpn LysMCre mice, but had no effect in AT myeloid populations. However, despite the impairments in mitochondrial respiration, neither loss of myeloid-specific Fpn nor exogenous iron overload perturbed glucose homeostasis or systemic insulin action in lean or obese mice, whereas aging coupled with lifelong loss of Fpn unmasked glucose intolerance. Together these data demonstrate that iron handling is critical for the maintenance of macrophage mitochondrial function, but perturbing myeloid iron flux via the loss of Fpn action is not sufficient to evoke systemic insulin resistance in young adult mice. These findings also suggest that if Mɸs are capable of storing iron properly, they have a pronounced ability to withstand iron excess without evoking overt collateral damage and associated insulin resistance that may be age dependent.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used myeloid-specific knockout of ferroportin to determine whether macrophage iron enrichment alters systemic metabolism. We found that macrophages in several tissues showed mitochondrial defects such as a reduction in mitochondrial reserve capacity. However, insulin action in the mice was preserved. These findings also suggest that Mɸs have a pronounced ability to withstand iron excess without evoking overt collateral damage and associated insulin resistance, which appears to be age dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Winn
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Elysa M Wolf
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Matthew A Cottam
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Monica Bhanot
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Juban G. Transcriptional control of macrophage inflammatory shift during skeletal muscle regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 119:82-88. [PMID: 34183241 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a tissue able to fully regenerate after an acute injury. Macrophages play an essential role during skeletal muscle regeneration. Resolution of inflammation is a crucial step during the regeneration process, allowing to contain the inflammatory response to avoid damage of the healthy surrounding muscle and triggers the recovery phase during which the muscle regenerates. Resolution of inflammation is mainly mediated by macrophage phenotypic shift that is the transition from a pro-inflammatory damage associated profile towards an anti-inflammatory restorative phenotype, which is characterized by a major transcriptional rewiring. Failure of the resolution of inflammation is observed in chronic diseases such as degenerative myopathies where permanent asynchronous muscle injuries trigger contradictory inflammatory cues, leading to fibrosis and alteration of muscle function. This review will focus on the described molecular pathways that control macrophage inflammatory shift during skeletal muscle regeneration. First, we will highlight the transcriptional changes that characterize macrophage inflammatory shift during skeletal muscle regeneration. Then, we will describe how the signaling pathways and the metabolic changes associated with this shift are controlled. Finally, we will emphasize the transcription factors involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Juban
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hepcidin-Ferroportin Interaction Controls Systemic Iron Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126493. [PMID: 34204327 PMCID: PMC8235187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its abundance in the environment, iron is poorly bioavailable and subject to strict conservation and internal recycling by most organisms. In vertebrates, the stability of iron concentration in plasma and extracellular fluid, and the total body iron content are maintained by the interaction of the iron-regulatory peptide hormone hepcidin with its receptor and cellular iron exporter ferroportin (SLC40a1). Ferroportin exports iron from duodenal enterocytes that absorb dietary iron, from iron-recycling macrophages in the spleen and the liver, and from iron-storing hepatocytes. Hepcidin blocks iron export through ferroportin, causing hypoferremia. During iron deficiency or after hemorrhage, hepcidin decreases to allow iron delivery to plasma through ferroportin, thus promoting compensatory erythropoiesis. As a host defense mediator, hepcidin increases in response to infection and inflammation, blocking iron delivery through ferroportin to blood plasma, thus limiting iron availability to invading microbes. Genetic diseases that decrease hepcidin synthesis or disrupt hepcidin binding to ferroportin cause the iron overload disorder hereditary hemochromatosis. The opposite phenotype, iron restriction or iron deficiency, can result from genetic or inflammatory overproduction of hepcidin.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ding H, Chen S, Pan X, Dai X, Pan G, Li Z, Mai X, Tian Y, Zhang S, Liu B, Cao G, Yao Z, Yao X, Gao L, Yang L, Chen X, Sun J, Chen H, Han M, Yin Y, Xu G, Li H, Wu W, Chen Z, Lin J, Xiang L, Hu J, Lu Y, Zhu X, Xie L. Transferrin receptor 1 ablation in satellite cells impedes skeletal muscle regeneration through activation of ferroptosis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:746-768. [PMID: 33955709 PMCID: PMC8200440 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Satellite cells (SCs) are critical to skeletal muscle regeneration. Inactivation of SCs is linked to skeletal muscle loss. Transferrin receptor 1 (Tfr1) is associated with muscular dysfunction as muscle-specific deletion of Tfr1 results in growth retardation, metabolic disorder, and lethality, shedding light on the importance of Tfr1 in muscle physiology. However, its physiological function regarding skeletal muscle ageing and regeneration remains unexplored. METHODS RNA sequencing is applied to skeletal muscles of different ages to identify Tfr1 associated to skeletal muscle ageing. Mice with conditional SC ablation of Tfr1 were generated. Between Tfr1SC/WT and Tfr1SC/KO (n = 6-8 mice per group), cardiotoxin was intramuscularly injected, and transverse abdominal muscle was dissected, weighted, and cryosectioned, followed by immunostaining, haematoxylin and eosin staining, and Masson staining. These phenotypical analyses were followed with functional analysis such as flow cytometry, tread mill, Prussian blue staining, and transmission electron microscopy to identify pathological pathways that contribute to regeneration defects. RESULTS By comparing gene expression between young (2 weeks old, n = 3) and aged (80 weeks old, n = 3) mice among four types of muscles, we identified that Tfr1 expression is declined in muscles of aged mice (~80% reduction, P < 0.005), so as to its protein level in SCs of aged mice. From in vivo and ex vivo experiments, Tfr1 deletion in SCs results in an irreversible depletion of SCs (~60% reduction, P < 0.005) and cell-autonomous defect in SC proliferation and differentiation, leading to skeletal muscle regeneration impairment, followed by labile iron accumulation, lipogenesis, and decreased Gpx4 and Nrf2 protein levels leading to reactive oxygen species scavenger defects. These abnormal phenomena including iron accumulation, activation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, and lipid peroxidation are orchestrated with the occurrence of ferroptosis in skeletal muscle. Ferroptosis further exacerbates SC proliferation and skeletal muscle regeneration. Ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, could not rescue ferroptosis. However, intramuscular administration of lentivirus-expressing Tfr1 could partially reduce labile iron accumulation, decrease lipogenesis, and promote skeletal muscle regeneration. Most importantly, declined Tfr1 but increased Slc39a14 protein level on cellular membrane contributes to labile iron accumulation in skeletal muscle of aged rodents (~80 weeks old), leading to activation of ferroptosis in aged skeletal muscle. This is inhibited by ferrostatin-1 to improve running time (P = 0.0257) and distance (P = 0.0248). CONCLUSIONS Satellite cell-specific deletion of Tfr1 impairs skeletal muscle regeneration with activation of ferroptosis. This phenomenon is recapitulated in skeletal muscle of aged rodents and human sarcopenia. Our study provides mechanistic information for developing novel therapeutic strategies against muscular ageing and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongrong Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis, The Marine Biomedical Research InstituteGuangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Shujie Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaohan Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoshuang Dai
- BGI Institute of Applied AgricultureBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
| | - Guihua Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Ze Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xudong Mai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ye Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Susu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Bingdong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Guangchao Cao
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical ScienceJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhicheng Yao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiangping Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Liang Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Li Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mulan Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- China Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangshaHunanChina
| | - Guohuan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Huijun Li
- College of Public HealthXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Weidong Wu
- College of Public HealthXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Zheng Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and TechnologyHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinChina
| | - Jingchao Lin
- Metabo‐Profile Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Liping Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis, The Marine Biomedical Research InstituteGuangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Liwei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaInstitute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- College of Public HealthXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Patsalos A, Tzerpos P, Wei X, Nagy L. Myeloid cell diversification during regenerative inflammation: Lessons from skeletal muscle. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 119:89-100. [PMID: 34016524 PMCID: PMC8530826 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of tissue and organ regeneration in adult animals and humans is of great interest from a basic biology as well as a medical, therapeutical point of view. It is increasingly clear that the relatively limited ability to regenerate tissues and organs in mammals as oppose to lower vertebrates is the consequence of evolutionary trade-offs and changes during development and aging. Thus, the coordinated interaction of the immune system, particularly the innate part of it, and the injured, degenerated parenchymal tissues such as skeletal muscle, liver, lung, or kidney shape physiological and also pathological processes. In this review, we provide an overview of how morphologically and functionally complete (ad integrum) regeneration is achieved using skeletal muscle as a model. We will review recent advances about the differentiation, activation, and subtype specification of circulating monocyte to resolution or repair-type macrophages during the process we term regenerative inflammation, resulting in complete restoration of skeletal muscle in murine models of toxin-induced injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Patsalos
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Petros Tzerpos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nuclear Receptor Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Xiaoyan Wei
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nuclear Receptor Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alves FM, Kysenius K, Caldow MK, Hardee JP, Crouch PJ, Ayton S, Bush AI, Lynch GS, Koopman R. Iron accumulation in skeletal muscles of old mice is associated with impaired regeneration after ischaemia-reperfusion damage. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:476-492. [PMID: 33665974 PMCID: PMC8061412 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is implicated in the insidious loss of muscle mass and strength that occurs with age. However, few studies have investigated the role of iron, which is elevated during ageing, in age-related muscle wasting and blunted repair after injury. We hypothesized that iron accumulation leads to membrane lipid peroxidation, muscle wasting, increased susceptibility to injury, and impaired muscle regeneration. METHODS To examine the role of iron in age-related muscle atrophy, we compared the skeletal muscles of 3-month-old with 22- to 24-month-old 129SvEv FVBM mice. We assessed iron distribution and total elemental iron using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and Perls' stain on skeletal muscle cross-sections. In addition, old mice underwent ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury (90 min ischaemia), and muscle regeneration was assessed 14 days after injury. Immunoblotting was used to determine lipid peroxidation (4HNE) and iron-related proteins. To determine whether muscle iron content can be altered, old mice were treated with deferiprone (DFP) in the drinking water, and we assessed its effects on muscle regeneration after injury. RESULTS We observed a significant increase in total elemental iron (+43%, P < 0.05) and lipid peroxidation (4HNE: +76%, P < 0.05) in tibialis anterior muscles of old mice. Iron was further increased after injury (adult: +81%, old: +135%, P < 0.05) and associated with increased lipid peroxidation (+41%, P < 0.05). Administration of DFP did not impact iron or measures of lipid peroxidation in skeletal muscle or modulate muscle mass. Increased muscle iron concentration and lipid peroxidation were associated with less efficient regeneration, evident from the smaller fibres in cross-sections of tibialis anterior muscles (-24%, P < 0.05) and an increased percentage of fibres with centralized nuclei (+4124%, P < 0.05) in muscles of old compared with adult mice. Administration of DFP lowered iron after IR injury (PRE: -32%, P < 0.05 and POST: -41%, P < 0.05), but did not translate to structural improvements. CONCLUSIONS Muscles from old mice have increased iron levels, which are associated with increased lipid peroxidation, increased susceptibility to IR injury, and impaired muscle regeneration. Our results suggest that iron is involved in effective muscle regeneration, highlighting the importance of iron homeostasis in muscle atrophy and muscle repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Alves
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kai Kysenius
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marissa K Caldow
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justin P Hardee
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Crouch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott Ayton
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - René Koopman
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gammella E, Correnti M, Cairo G, Recalcati S. Iron Availability in Tissue Microenvironment: The Key Role of Ferroportin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062986. [PMID: 33804198 PMCID: PMC7999357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Body iron levels are regulated by hepcidin, a liver-derived peptide that exerts its function by controlling the presence of ferroportin (FPN), the sole cellular iron exporter, on the cell surface. Hepcidin binding leads to FPN internalization and degradation, thereby inhibiting iron release, in particular from iron-absorbing duodenal cells and macrophages involved in iron recycling. Disruption in this regulatory mechanism results in a variety of disorders associated with iron-deficiency or overload. In recent years, increasing evidence has emerged to indicate that, in addition to its role in systemic iron metabolism, FPN may play an important function in local iron control, such that its dysregulation may lead to tissue damage despite unaltered systemic iron homeostasis. In this review, we focus on recent discoveries to discuss the role of FPN-mediated iron export in the microenvironment under both physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Ramalingam V, Harshavardhan M, Hwang I. Titanium decorated iron oxide (Ti@Fe2O3) regulates the proliferation of bovine muscle satellite cells through oxidative stress. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
27
|
Nay K, Koechlin-Ramonatxo C, Rochdi S, Island ML, Orfila L, Treffel L, Bareille MP, Beck A, Gauquelin-Koch G, Ropert M, Loréal O, Derbré F. Simulated microgravity disturbs iron metabolism and distribution in humans: Lessons from dry immersion, an innovative ground-based human model. FASEB J 2020; 34:14920-14929. [PMID: 32918768 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001199rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of dry immersion, an innovative ground-based human model of simulated microgravity and extreme physical inactivity, on iron homeostasis and distribution. Twenty young healthy men were recruited and submitted to 5 days of dry immersion (DI). Fasting blood samples and MRI were performed before and after DI exposure to assess iron status, as well as hematological responses. DI increased spleen iron concentrations (SIC), whereas hepatic iron store (HIC) was not affected. Spleen iron sequestration could be due to the concomitant increase in serum hepcidin levels (P < .001). Increased serum unconjugated bilirubin, as well as the rise of serum myoglobin levels support that DI may promote hemolysis and myolysis. These phenomena could contribute to the concomitant increase of serum iron and transferrin saturation levels (P < .001). As HIC remained unchanged, increased serum hepcidin levels could be due both to higher transferrin saturation level, and to low-grade pro-inflammatory as suggested by the significant rise of serum ferritin and haptoglobin levels after DI (P = .003 and P = .003, respectively). These observations highlight the need for better assessment of iron metabolism in bedridden patients, and an optimization of the diet currently proposed to astronauts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Nay
- Laboratory "Movement Sport and Health Sciences" EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, Bruz, France.,DMEM, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France.,Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Sarah Rochdi
- Laboratory "Movement Sport and Health Sciences" EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
| | - Marie-Laure Island
- INSERM, University of Rennes, INRAE, UMR 1241, AEM2 Platform, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan) Institute, Rennes, France.,Department of Biochemistry, CHU Rennes, France
| | - Luz Orfila
- Laboratory "Movement Sport and Health Sciences" EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
| | - Loïc Treffel
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
| | | | - Arnaud Beck
- Institute for Space Medicine and Physiology (MEDES), Toulouse, France
| | | | - Martine Ropert
- INSERM, University of Rennes, INRAE, UMR 1241, AEM2 Platform, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan) Institute, Rennes, France.,Department of Biochemistry, CHU Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Loréal
- INSERM, University of Rennes, INRAE, UMR 1241, AEM2 Platform, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan) Institute, Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Derbré
- Laboratory "Movement Sport and Health Sciences" EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ikeda Y, Watanabe H, Shiuchi T, Hamano H, Horinouchi Y, Imanishi M, Goda M, Zamami Y, Takechi K, Izawa-Ishizawa Y, Miyamoto L, Ishizawa K, Aihara KI, Tsuchiya K, Tamaki T. Deletion of H-ferritin in macrophages alleviates obesity and diabetes induced by high-fat diet in mice. Diabetologia 2020; 63:1588-1602. [PMID: 32430665 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Iron accumulation affects obesity and diabetes, both of which are ameliorated by iron reduction. Ferritin, an iron-storage protein, plays a crucial role in iron metabolism. H-ferritin exerts its cytoprotective action by reducing toxicity via its ferroxidase activity. We investigated the role of macrophage H-ferritin in obesity and diabetes. METHODS Conditional macrophage-specific H-ferritin (Fth, also known as Fth1) knockout (LysM-Cre Fth KO) mice were used and divided into four groups: wild-type (WT) and LysM-Cre Fth KO mice with normal diet (ND), and WT and LysM-Cre Fth KO mice with high-fat diet (HFD). These mice were analysed for characteristics of obesity and diabetes, tissue iron content, inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin sensitivity and metabolic measurements. RAW264.7 macrophage cells were used for in vitro experiments. RESULTS Iron concentration reduced, and mRNA expression of ferroportin increased, in macrophages from LysM-Cre Fth KO mice. HFD-induced obesity was lower in LysM-Cre Fth KO mice than in WT mice at 12 weeks (body weight: KO 34.6 ± 5.6 g vs WT 40.1 ± 5.2 g). mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and infiltrated macrophages and oxidative stress increased in the adipose tissue of HFD-fed WT mice, but was not elevated in HFD-fed LysM-Cre Fth KO mice. However, WT mice fed an HFD had elevated iron concentration in adipose tissue and spleen, which was not observed in LysM-Cre Fth KO mice fed an HFD (adipose tissue [μmol Fe/g protein]: KO 1496 ± 479 vs WT 2316 ± 866; spleen [μmol Fe/g protein]: KO 218 ± 54 vs WT 334 ± 83). Moreover, HFD administration impaired both glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in WT mice, which was ameliorated in LysM-Cre Fth KO mice. In addition, energy expenditure, mRNA expression of thermogenic genes, and body temperature were higher in KO mice with HFD than WT mice with HFD. In vitro experiments showed that iron content was reduced, and lipopolysaccharide-induced Tnf-α (also known as Tnf) mRNA upregulation was inhibited in a macrophage cell line transfected with Fth siRNA. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Deletion of macrophage H-ferritin suppresses the inflammatory response by reducing intracellular iron levels, resulting in the prevention of HFD-induced obesity and diabetes. The findings from this study highlight macrophage iron levels as a potential therapeutic target for obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shiuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hamano
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuya Horinouchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masaki Imanishi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Goda
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshito Zamami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kenshi Takechi
- Clinical Trial Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Licht Miyamoto
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Aihara
- Department of Community Medicine for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tamaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
- Anan Medical Center, Tokushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chazaud B. Inflammation and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration: Leave It to the Macrophages! Trends Immunol 2020; 41:481-492. [PMID: 32362490 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is usually considered as harmful; however, it is also necessary for tissue recovery after injury. Macrophages exert immune and nonimmune functions throughout this process. During skeletal muscle regeneration, they mount an inflammatory response while exerting trophic roles on muscle and mesenchymal stem cells. Proinflammatory macrophages shift to being anti-inflammatory, triggering the resolution of inflammation. Studies have highlighted that during this shift, a crosstalk ensues, integrating cues for resolution, efferocytosis, cellular metabolism, and signaling pathways. During the restorative phase, macrophages dampen inflammation while promoting stem cell differentiation, angiogenesis, and matrix remodeling. Since blunting the inflammatory phase can be detrimental for muscle regeneration, we suggest that rather than fighting inflammation, it should be allowed to operate and resolve, thus allowing for tissue recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université Lyon, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Iron deficiency anaemia is a global health concern affecting children, women and the elderly, whilst also being a common comorbidity in multiple medical conditions. The aetiology is variable and attributed to several risk factors decreasing iron intake and absorption or increasing demand and loss, with multiple aetiologies often coexisting in an individual patient. Although presenting symptoms may be nonspecific, there is emerging evidence on the detrimental effects of iron deficiency anaemia on clinical outcomes across several medical conditions. Increased awareness about the consequences and prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia can aid early detection and management. Diagnosis can be easily made by measurement of haemoglobin and serum ferritin levels, whilst in chronic inflammatory conditions, diagnosis may be more challenging and necessitates consideration of higher serum ferritin thresholds and evaluation of transferrin saturation. Oral and intravenous formulations of iron supplementation are available, and several patient and disease-related factors need to be considered before management decisions are made. This review provides recent updates and guidance on the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anaemia in multiple clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Cappellini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - A T Taher
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Centre, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Winn NC, Volk KM, Hasty AH. Regulation of tissue iron homeostasis: the macrophage "ferrostat". JCI Insight 2020; 5:132964. [PMID: 31996481 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for multiple fundamental biological processes required for life; yet iron overload can be cytotoxic. Consequently, iron concentrations at the cellular and tissue level must be exquisitely governed by mechanisms that complement and fine-tune systemic control. It is well appreciated that macrophages are vital for systemic iron homeostasis, supplying or sequestering iron as needed for erythropoiesis or bacteriostasis, respectively. Indeed, recycling of iron through erythrophagocytosis by splenic macrophages is a major contributor to systemic iron homeostasis. However, accumulating evidence suggests that tissue-resident macrophages regulate local iron availability and modulate the tissue microenvironment, contributing to cellular and tissue function. Here, we summarize the significance of tissue-specific regulation of iron availability and highlight how resident macrophages are critical for this process. This tissue-dependent regulation has broad implications for understanding both resident macrophage function and tissue iron homeostasis in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Winn
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Katrina M Volk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Patsalos A, Tzerpos P, Halasz L, Nagy G, Pap A, Giannakis N, Lyroni K, Koliaraki V, Pintye E, Dezso B, Kollias G, Spilianakis CG, Nagy L. The BACH1-HMOX1 Regulatory Axis Is Indispensable for Proper Macrophage Subtype Specification and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1532-1547. [PMID: 31405954 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The infiltration and subsequent in situ subtype specification of monocytes to effector/inflammatory and repair macrophages is indispensable for tissue repair upon acute sterile injury. However, the chromatin-level mediators and regulatory events controlling this highly dynamic macrophage phenotype switch are not known. In this study, we used a murine acute muscle injury model to assess global chromatin accessibility and gene expression dynamics in infiltrating macrophages during sterile physiological inflammation and tissue regeneration. We identified a heme-binding transcriptional repressor, BACH1, as a novel regulator of this process. Bach1 knockout mice displayed impaired muscle regeneration, altered dynamics of the macrophage phenotype transition, and transcriptional deregulation of key inflammatory and repair-related genes. We also found that BACH1 directly binds to and regulates distal regulatory elements of these genes, suggesting a novel role for BACH1 in controlling a broad spectrum of the repair response genes in macrophages upon injury. Inactivation of heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox1), one of the most stringently deregulated genes in the Bach1 knockout in macrophages, impairs muscle regeneration by changing the dynamics of the macrophage phenotype switch. Collectively, our data suggest the existence of a heme-BACH1--HMOX1 regulatory axis, that controls the phenotype and function of the infiltrating myeloid cells upon tissue damage, shaping the overall tissue repair kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Patsalos
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, HU-4032 Hungary
| | - Petros Tzerpos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, HU-4032 Hungary.,Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, GR-70013 Greece
| | - Laszlo Halasz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, HU-4032 Hungary
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, HU-4032 Hungary
| | - Attila Pap
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, HU-4032 Hungary
| | - Nikolas Giannakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, HU-4032 Hungary
| | - Konstantina Lyroni
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, GR-71003 Greece
| | - Vasiliki Koliaraki
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming," Vari, GR-16672 Greece
| | - Eva Pintye
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, HU-4032 Hungary.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701
| | - Balazs Dezso
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701
| | - George Kollias
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming," Vari, GR-16672 Greece.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, HU-4032 Hungary.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, HU-4032 Hungary
| | - Charalampos G Spilianakis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, GR-70013 Greece.,Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, GR-70013 Greece.,Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, GR-70013 Greece
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701; .,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, HU-4032 Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wlaschek M, Singh K, Sindrilaru A, Crisan D, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Iron and iron-dependent reactive oxygen species in the regulation of macrophages and fibroblasts in non-healing chronic wounds. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:262-275. [PMID: 30261274 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds pose a stern challenge to health care systems with growing incidence especially in the aged population. In the presence of increased iron concentrations, recruitment of monocytes from the circulation and activation towards ROS and RNS releasing M1 macrophages together with the persistence of senescent fibroblasts at the wound site are significantly enhanced. This unrestrained activation of pro-inflammatory macrophages and senescent fibroblasts has increasingly been acknowledged as main driver causing non-healing wounds. In a metaphor, macrophages act like stage directors of wound healing, resident fibroblasts constitute main actors and increased iron concentrations are decisive parts of the libretto, and - if dysregulated - are responsible for the development of non-healing wounds. This review will focus on recent cellular and molecular findings from chronic venous leg ulcers and diabetic non-healing wounds both constituting the most common pathologies often resulting in limb amputations of patients. This not only causes tremendous suffering and loss of life quality, but is also associated with an increase in mortality and a major socio-economic burden. Despite recent advances, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Overwhelming evidence shows that reactive oxygen species and the transition metal and trace element iron at pathological concentrations are crucially involved in a complex interplay between cells of different histogenetic origin and their extracellular niche environment. This interplay depends on a variety of cellular, non-cellular biochemical and cell biological mechanisms. Here, we will highlight recent progress in the field of iron-dependent regulation of macrophages and fibroblasts and related pathologies linked to non-healing chronic wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meinhard Wlaschek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Karmveer Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anca Sindrilaru
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Diana Crisan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cui R, Choi SE, Kim TH, Lee HJ, Lee SJ, Kang Y, Jeon JY, Kim HJ, Lee KW. Iron overload by transferrin receptor protein 1 regulation plays an important role in palmitate-induced insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle cells. FASEB J 2018; 33:1771-1786. [PMID: 30207798 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800448r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Free fatty acid is considered to be one of the major pathogenic factors of inducing insulin resistance. The association between iron disturbances and insulin resistance has recently begun to receive a lot of attention. Although skeletal muscles are a major tissue for iron utilization and storage, the role of iron in palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistance is unknown. We investigated the molecular mechanism underlying iron dysregulation in PA-induced insulin resistance. Interestingly, we found that PA simultaneously increased intracellular iron and induced insulin resistance. The iron chelator deferoxamine dramatically inhibited PA-induced insulin resistance, and iron donors impaired insulin sensitivity by activating JNK. PA up-regulated transferrin receptor 1 (tfR1), an iron uptake protein, which was modulated by iron-responsive element-binding proteins 2. Knockdown of tfR1 and iron-responsive element-binding proteins 2 prevented PA-induced iron uptake and insulin resistance. PA also translocated the tfR1 by stimulating calcium influx, but the calcium chelator, BAPTA-AM, dramatically reduced iron overload by inhibiting tfR1 translocation and ultimately increased insulin sensitivity. Iron overload may play a critical role in PA-induced insulin resistance. Blocking iron overload may thus be a useful strategy for preventing insulin resistance and diabetes.-Cui, R., Choi, S.-E., Kim, T. H., Lee, H. J., Lee, S. J., Kang, Y., Jeon, J. Y., Kim, H. J., Lee, K.-W. Iron overload by transferrin receptor protein 1 regulation plays an important role in palmitate-induced insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rihua Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sung-E Choi
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Tae Ho Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwa Joung Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Soo Jin Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yup Kang
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ja Young Jeon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kwan-Woo Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Recalcati S, Gammella E, Buratti P, Doni A, Anselmo A, Locati M, Cairo G. Macrophage ferroportin is essential for stromal cell proliferation in wound healing. Haematologica 2018; 104:47-58. [PMID: 30115660 PMCID: PMC6312033 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.197517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron recycling by macrophages is essential for erythropoiesis, but may also be relevant for iron redistribution to neighboring cells at the local tissue level. Using mice with iron retention in macrophages due to targeted inactivation of the iron exporter ferroportin, we investigated the role of macrophage iron release in hair follicle cycling and wound healing, a complex process leading to major clinical problems, if impaired. Genetic deletion of ferroportin in macrophages resulted in iron deficiency and decreased proliferation in epithelial cells, which consequently impaired hair follicle growth and caused transient alopecia. Hair loss was not related to systemic iron deficiency or anemia, thus indicating the necessity of local iron release from macrophages. Inactivation of macrophage ferroportin also led to delayed skin wound healing with defective granulation tissue formation and diminished fibroplasia. Iron retention in macrophages had no impact on the inflammatory processes accompanying wound healing, but affected stromal cell proliferation, blood and lymphatic vessel formation, and fibrogenesis. Our findings reveal that iron/ferroportin plays a largely underestimated role in macrophage trophic function in skin homeostasis and repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Gammella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan
| | - Paolo Buratti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan
| | - Andrea Doni
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano
| | | | - Massimo Locati
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano .,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Cairo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cell growth potential drives ferroptosis susceptibility in rhabdomyosarcoma and myoblast cell lines. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:1717-1730. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
37
|
Hubler MJ, Erikson KM, Kennedy AJ, Hasty AH. MFe hi adipose tissue macrophages compensate for tissue iron perturbations in mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C319-C329. [PMID: 29768045 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00103.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Resident adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) play multiple roles to maintain tissue homeostasis, such as removing excess free fatty acids and regulation of the extracellular matrix. The phagocytic nature and oxidative resiliency of macrophages not only allows them to function as innate immune cells but also to respond to specific tissue needs, such as iron homeostasis. MFehi ATMs are a subtype of resident ATMs that we recently identified to have twice the intracellular iron content as other ATMs and elevated expression of iron-handling genes. Although studies have demonstrated that iron homeostasis is important for adipocyte health, little is known about how MFehi ATMs may respond to and influence adipose tissue iron availability. Two methodologies were used to address this question: dietary iron supplementation and intraperitoneal iron injection. Upon exposure to high dietary iron, MFehi ATMs accumulated excess iron, whereas the iron content of MFelo ATMs and adipocytes remained unchanged. In this model of chronic iron excess, MFehi ATMs exhibited increased expression of genes involved in iron storage. In the injection model, MFehi ATMs incorporated high levels of iron, and adipocytes were spared iron overload. This acute model of iron overload was associated with increased numbers of MFehi ATMs; 17% could be attributed to monocyte recruitment and 83% to MFelo ATM incorporation into the MFehi pool. The MFehi ATM population maintained its low inflammatory profile and iron-cycling expression profile. These studies expand the field's understanding of ATMs and confirm that they can respond as a tissue iron sink in models of iron overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merla J Hubler
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Keith M Erikson
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Arion J Kennedy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kernan KF, Carcillo JA. Hyperferritinemia and inflammation. Int Immunol 2017; 29:401-409. [PMID: 28541437 PMCID: PMC5890889 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of ferritin biology has traditionally centered on its role in iron storage and homeostasis, with low ferritin levels indicative of deficiency and high levels indicative of primary or secondary hemochromatosis. However, further work has shown that iron, redox biology and inflammation are inexorably linked. During infection, increased ferritin levels represent an important host defense mechanism that deprives bacterial growth of iron and protects immune cell function. It may also be protective, limiting the production of free radicals and mediating immunomodulation. Additionally, hyperferritinemia is a key acute-phase reactants, used by clinicians as an indication for therapeutic intervention, aimed at controlling inflammation in high-risk patients. One school of thought maintains that hyperferritinemia is an 'innocent bystander' biomarker of uncontrolled inflammation that can be used to gauge effectiveness of intervention. Other schools of thought maintain that ferritin induction could be a protective negative regulatory loop. Others maintain that ferritin is a key mediator of immune dysregulation, especially in extreme hyperferritinemia, via direct immune-suppressive and pro-inflammatory effects. There is a clear need for further investigation of the role of ferritin in uncontrolled inflammatory conditions both as a biomarker and mediator of disease because its occurrence identifies patients with high mortality risk and its resolution predicts their improved survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate F Kernan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Joseph A Carcillo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Juban G, Chazaud B. Metabolic regulation of macrophages during tissue repair: insights from skeletal muscle regeneration. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3007-3021. [PMID: 28555751 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are highly versatile cells that are involved both in the mounting and the resolution of inflammatory responses. Besides their properties in innate immunity to fight against pathogens, macrophages are essential for tissue repair, during which they adopt sequential inflammatory status. While the acquisition of some canonical polarized inflammatory statuses in vitro (M1/M2) is beginning to be understood at the molecular level, the regulation of macrophage skewing in vivo has been less investigated. Immunometabolism, in particular, is an emerging field, and most of the studies so far have investigated the control of macrophage polarization using in vitro set-ups. In this context, skeletal muscle regeneration is an excellent paradigm to study tissue repair, since the sequential steps of inflammatory response and tissue repair are well characterized. In this Review, after introducing macrophage populations and functions during skeletal muscle regeneration, we present the current knowledge on the metabolic regulation of macrophage inflammatory status, with particular emphasis on the comparison between in vitro and in vivo models of macrophage activation. We also discuss the metabolic regulation of macrophages in vivo during skeletal muscle regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Juban
- INSERM U1217, CNRS 5310, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- INSERM U1217, CNRS 5310, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nairz M, Theurl I, Swirski FK, Weiss G. "Pumping iron"-how macrophages handle iron at the systemic, microenvironmental, and cellular levels. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:397-418. [PMID: 28251312 PMCID: PMC5362662 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages reside in virtually every organ. First arising during embryogenesis, macrophages replenish themselves in the adult through a combination of self-renewal and influx of bone marrow-derived monocytes. As large phagocytic cells, macrophages participate in innate immunity while contributing to tissue-specific homeostatic functions. Among the key metabolic tasks are senescent red blood cell recycling, free heme detoxification, and provision of iron for de novo hemoglobin synthesis. While this systemic mechanism involves the shuttling of iron between spleen, liver, and bone marrow through the concerted function of defined macrophage populations, similar circuits appear to exist within the microenvironment of other organs. The high turnover of iron is the prerequisite for continuous erythropoiesis and tissue integrity but challenges macrophages’ ability to maintain cellular iron homeostasis and immune function. This review provides a brief overview of systemic, microenvironmental, and cellular aspects of macrophage iron handling with a focus on exciting and unresolved questions in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria. .,Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Camaschella C. New insights into iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Blood Rev 2017; 31:225-233. [PMID: 28216263 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in iron metabolism have stimulated new interest in iron deficiency (ID) and its anemia (IDA), common conditions worldwide. Absolute ID/IDA, i.e. the decrease of total body iron, is easily diagnosed based on decreased levels of serum ferritin and transferrin saturation. Relative lack of iron in specific organs/tissues, and IDA in the context of inflammatory disorders, are diagnosed based on arbitrary cut offs of ferritin and transferrin saturation and/or marker combination (as the soluble transferrin receptor/ferritin index) in an appropriate clinical context. Most ID patients are candidate to traditional treatment with oral iron salts, while high hepcidin levels block their absorption in inflammatory disorders. New iron preparations and new treatment modalities are available: high-dose intravenous iron compounds are becoming popular and indications to their use are increasing, although long-term side effects remain to be evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Camaschella
- Vita Salute University and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|