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Michael AN, Pivniouk O, Ezeh PC, Banskar S, Hahn S, DeVries A, O’Connell K, Pivniouk V, Vercelli D. Administration of a bacterial lysate to the airway compartment is sufficient to inhibit allergen-induced lung eosinophilia in germ-free mice. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:392-397. [PMID: 38470858 PMCID: PMC11271978 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The nexus between eosinophils and microbes is attracting increasing attention. We previously showed that airway administration of sterile microbial products contained in dust collected from traditional dairy farms virtually abrogated bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophilia and other cardinal asthma phenotypes in allergen-sensitized specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice. Interestingly, comparable inhibition of allergen-induced BAL eosinophilia and promotion of airway barrier integrity were found upon administration of a sterile, pharmacological-grade bacterial lysate, OM-85, to the airway compartment of allergen-sensitized SPF mice. Here, we asked whether intrinsic properties of airway-delivered microbial products were sufficient to inhibit allergic lung inflammation or whether these effects were mediated by reprogramming of the host microbiota. We compared germ-free (GF) mice and offspring of GF mice associated with healthy mouse gut microbiota and maintained under SPF conditions for multiple generations (Ex-GF mice). These mice were treated intranasally with OM-85 and evaluated in the ovalbumin and Alternaria models of allergic asthma focusing primarily on BAL eosinophilia. Levels of allergen-induced BAL eosinophilia were comparable in GF and conventionalized Ex-GF mice. Airway administration of the OM-85 bacterial lysate was sufficient to inhibit allergen-induced lung eosinophilia in both Ex-GF and GF mice, suggesting that host microbiota are not required for the protective effects of bacterial products in these models and local airway exposure to microbial products is an effective source of protection. OM-85-dependent inhibition of BAL eosinophilia in GF mice was accompanied by suppression of lung type 2 cytokines and eosinophil-attracting chemokines, suggesting that OM-85 may work at least by decreasing eosinophil lung recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Michael
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue P.O. Box 245030, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Oksana Pivniouk
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue P.O. Box 245030, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Peace C Ezeh
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue P.O. Box 245030, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Sunil Banskar
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue P.O. Box 245030, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Seongmin Hahn
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue P.O. Box 245030, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Avery DeVries
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue P.O. Box 245030, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Kathryn O’Connell
- University Animal Care, University of Arizona, BIO5 Institute, 1657 E Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Vadim Pivniouk
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue P.O. Box 245030, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue P.O. Box 245044, Tucson AZ 85724-5044, United States
| | - Donata Vercelli
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue P.O. Box 245030, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue P.O. Box 245044, Tucson AZ 85724-5044, United States
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, 1657 E Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
- Arizona Center for the Biology of Complex Diseases, University of Arizona, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
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2
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Shrestha J, Paudel KR, Nazari H, Dharwal V, Bazaz SR, Johansen MD, Dua K, Hansbro PM, Warkiani ME. Advanced models for respiratory disease and drug studies. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1470-1503. [PMID: 37119028 PMCID: PMC10946967 DOI: 10.1002/med.21956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The global burden of respiratory diseases is enormous, with many millions of people suffering and dying prematurely every year. The global COVID-19 pandemic witnessed recently, along with increased air pollution and wildfire events, increases the urgency of identifying the most effective therapeutic measures to combat these diseases even further. Despite increasing expenditure and extensive collaborative efforts to identify and develop the most effective and safe treatments, the failure rates of drugs evaluated in human clinical trials are high. To reverse these trends and minimize the cost of drug development, ineffective drug candidates must be eliminated as early as possible by employing new, efficient, and accurate preclinical screening approaches. Animal models have been the mainstay of pulmonary research as they recapitulate the complex physiological processes, Multiorgan interplay, disease phenotypes of disease, and the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs. Recently, the use of advanced culture technologies such as organoids and lung-on-a-chip models has gained increasing attention because of their potential to reproduce human diseased states and physiology, with clinically relevant responses to drugs and toxins. This review provides an overview of different animal models for studying respiratory diseases and evaluating drugs. We also highlight recent progress in cell culture technologies to advance integrated models and discuss current challenges and present future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Shrestha
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for InflammationCentenary Institute and University of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Hojjatollah Nazari
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Vivek Dharwal
- Centre for InflammationCentenary Institute and University of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Sajad Razavi Bazaz
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Matt D. Johansen
- Centre for InflammationCentenary Institute and University of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of HealthUniversity of TechnologySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative MedicineUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre for InflammationCentenary Institute and University of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
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3
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Donoghue LJ, McFadden KM, Vargas D, Smith GJ, Immormino RM, Moran TP, Kelada SNP. Collaborative cross strain CC011/UncJ as a novel mouse model of T2-high, severe asthma. Respir Res 2023; 24:153. [PMID: 37296458 PMCID: PMC10251525 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Among asthmatics, there is significant heterogeneity in the clinical presentation and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, leading to the recognition of multiple disease endotypes (e.g., T2-high vs. T2-low). This heterogeneity extends to severe asthmatics, who may struggle to control symptoms even with high-dose corticosteroid treatment and other therapies. However, there are limited mouse models available to model the spectrum of severe asthma endotypes. We sought to identify a new mouse model of severe asthma by first examining responses to chronic allergen exposure among strains from the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse genetics reference population, which contains greater genetic diversity than other inbred strain panels previously used for models of asthma. Mice from five CC strains and the often-used classical inbred strain BALB/cJ were chronically exposed to house dust mite (HDM) allergen for five weeks followed by measurements of airway inflammation. CC strain CC011/UncJ (CC011) exhibited extreme responses to HDM including high levels of airway eosinophilia, elevated lung resistance, and extensive airway wall remodeling, and even fatalities among ~ 50% of mice prior to study completion. Compared to BALB/cJ mice, CC011 mice had stronger Th2-mediated airway responses demonstrated by significantly elevated total and HDM-specific IgE and increased Th2 cytokines during tests of antigen recall, but not enhanced ILC2 activation. Airway eosinophilia in CC011 mice was completely dependent upon CD4+ T-cells. Notably, we also found that airway eosinophilia in CC011 mice was resistant to dexamethasone steroid treatment. Thus, the CC011 strain provides a new mouse model of T2-high, severe asthma driven by natural genetic variation likely acting through CD4+ T-cells. Future studies aimed at determining the genetic basis of this phenotype will provide new insights into mechanisms underlying severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Donoghue
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn M McFadden
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniel Vargas
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gregory J Smith
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert M Immormino
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timothy P Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samir N P Kelada
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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4
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He K, Barsoumian HB, Puebla-Osorio N, Hu Y, Sezen D, Wasley MD, Bertolet G, Zhang J, Leuschner C, Yang L, Leyton CSK, Fowlkes NW, Green MM, Hettrick L, Chen D, Masrorpour F, Gu M, Maazi H, Revenko AS, Cortez MA, Welsh JW. Inhibition of STAT6 with Antisense Oligonucleotides Enhances the Systemic Antitumor Effects of Radiotherapy and Anti-PD-1 in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:486-500. [PMID: 36700864 PMCID: PMC10099280 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Diverse factors contribute to the limited clinical response to radiotherapy (RT) and immunotherapy in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), among which is the ability of these tumors to recruit a retinue of suppressive immune cells-such as M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAM)-thereby establishing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that contributes to tumor progression and radio resistance. M2 TAMs are activated by the STAT6 signaling pathway. Therefore, we targeted STAT6 using an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) along with hypofractionated RT (hRT; 3 fractions of 12 Gy each) to primary tumors in three bilateral murine NSCLC models (Lewis lung carcinoma, 344SQ-parental, and anti-PD-1-resistant 344SQ lung adenocarcinomas). We found that STAT6 ASO plus hRT slowed growth of both primary and abscopal tumors, decreased lung metastases, and extended survival. Interrogating the mechanism of action showed reduced M2 macrophage tumor infiltration, enhanced TH1 polarization, improved T-cell and macrophage function, and decreased TGFβ levels. The addition of anti-PD-1 further enhanced systemic antitumor responses. These results provide a preclinical rationale for the pursuit of an alternative therapeutic approach for patients with immune-resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewen He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hampartsoum B. Barsoumian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nahum Puebla-Osorio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yun Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Duygu Sezen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mark D. Wasley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Genevieve Bertolet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carola Leuschner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liangpeng Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia S. Kettlun Leyton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natalie Wall Fowlkes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Morgan Maureen Green
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fatemeh Masrorpour
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meidi Gu
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hadi Maazi
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | | | - Maria Angelica Cortez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James W. Welsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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5
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Deng J, Tang H, Zhang Y, Yuan X, Ma N, Hu H, Wang X, Liu C, Xu G, Li Y, Wang S, Guo L, Wang X. House dust mite-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates MUC5AC hypersecretion via TBK1 in airway epithelium. Exp Lung Res 2023; 49:49-62. [PMID: 36719141 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2023.2170494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress regulates mucus hypersecretion, and may activate downstream factors via TBK1 signaling to induce gene expression. However, it remains unclear whether ER stress promotes airway mucus secretion through the TBK1 pathway. We aimed to investigate the role of the TBK1 pathway in the regulation of MUC5AC expression in a mouse model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic asthma. Materials and Methods: Mice with HDM-induced asthma and human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were treated with amlexanox, an anti-allergy drug (25 μM), or 4-PBA (10 mM). Tissue and cell samples were collected. Tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) or periodic acid Schiff (PAS) to evaluate pathology. Protein expression was analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Results: Mice exposed to HDM presented ER stress and hypersecretion of mucus Muc5ac from airway epithelial cells (p < 0.001). Similar results were observed in BEAS-2B cells following exposure to HDM. Both in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that HDM-induced ER stress induced MUC5AC overexpression via TBK1 signaling. Amlexanox and 4-PBA markedly reduced mucus production and weakened the TBK1 signal, which mediates MUC5AC hypersecretion. Conclusion: TBK1 plays a pivotal role in HDM-induced ER stress, leading to overproduction of MUC5AC in the asthmatic airway epithelium. The overproduction of MUC5AC can be significantly decreased by inhibiting TBK1 or ER stress using 4-PBA. These findings highlight potential target-specific therapies for patients with chronic allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Deng
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Tang
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiefang Yuan
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hang Hu
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guofeng Xu
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuejiao Li
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Songping Wang
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Linlin Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xing Wang
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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6
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Paroli M, Caccavale R, Fiorillo MT, Spadea L, Gumina S, Candela V, Paroli MP. The Double Game Played by Th17 Cells in Infection: Host Defense and Immunopathology. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121547. [PMID: 36558881 PMCID: PMC9781511 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
T-helper 17 (Th17) cells represent a subpopulation of CD4+ T lymphocytes that play an essential role in defense against pathogens. Th17 cells are distinguished from Th1 and Th2 cells by their ability to produce members of the interleukin-17 (IL-17) family, namely IL-17A and IL-17F. IL-17 in turn induces several target cells to synthesize and release cytokines, chemokines, and metalloproteinases, thereby amplifying the inflammatory cascade. Th17 cells reside predominantly in the lamina propria of the mucosa. Their main physiological function is to maintain the integrity of the mucosal barrier against the aggression of infectious agents. However, in an appropriate inflammatory microenvironment, Th17 cells can transform into immunopathogenic cells, giving rise to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review aims to analyze the complex mechanisms through which the interaction between Th17 and pathogens can be on the one hand favorable to the host by protecting it from infectious agents, and on the other hand harmful, potentially generating autoimmune reactions and tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino Paroli
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Rosalba Caccavale
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorillo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Spadea
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Gumina
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Candela
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Paroli
- Eye Clinic, Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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7
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Özcan A, Boyman O. Mechanisms regulating neutrophil responses in immunity, allergy, and autoimmunity. Allergy 2022; 77:3567-3583. [PMID: 36067034 PMCID: PMC10087481 DOI: 10.1111/all.15505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil granulocytes, or neutrophils, are the most abundant circulating leukocytes in humans and indispensable for antimicrobial immunity, as exemplified in patients with inborn and acquired defects of neutrophils. Neutrophils were long regarded as the foot soldiers of the immune system, solely destined to execute a set of effector functions against invading pathogens before undergoing apoptosis, the latter of which was ascribed to their short life span. This simplistic understanding of neutrophils has now been revised on the basis of insights gained from the use of mouse models and single-cell high-throughput techniques, revealing tissue- and context-specific roles of neutrophils in guiding immune responses. These studies also demonstrated that neutrophil responses were controlled by sophisticated feedback mechanisms, including directed chemotaxis of neutrophils to tissue-draining lymph nodes resulting in modulation of antimicrobial immunity and inflammation. Moreover, findings in mice and humans showed that neutrophil responses adapted to different deterministic cytokine signals, which controlled their migration and effector function as well as, notably, their biologic clock by affecting the kinetics of their aging. These mechanistic insights have important implications for health and disease in humans, particularly, in allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and allergic asthma bronchiale, as well as in autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Hence, our improved understanding of neutrophils sheds light on novel therapeutic avenues, focusing on molecularly defined biologic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaz Özcan
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Moarbes V, Gaudreault V, Karkout R, Labrie L, Zhao H, Shan J, Fixman ED. STAT6-IP-Dependent Disruption of IL-33-Mediated ILC2 Expansion and Type 2 Innate Immunity in the Murine Lung. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:2192-2202. [PMID: 36426982 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent interest has focused on innate-type cytokines as promoters of type 2 immunity and targets for drug development in asthma. IL-33 induces production of IL-4 and/or IL-13, which is associated with STAT6-dependent responses in innate cells, including group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), macrophages, and eosinophils. Our published data show that STAT6-immunomodulatory peptide (STAT6-IP), an immunomodulatory peptide designed to inhibit the STAT6 transcription factor, reduces induction of Th2 adaptive immunity in respiratory syncytial virus infection and asthma models. Nevertheless, the mechanism of STAT6-IP-dependent inhibition has remained obscure. In this study, we demonstrate that STAT6-IP reduced IL-33-induced type 2 innate lung inflammation. Specifically, our data show that STAT6-IP reduced recruitment and activation of eosinophils as well as polarization of alternatively activated macrophages. Decreases in these cells correlated with reduced levels of IL-5 and IL-13 as well as several type 2 chemokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. STAT6-IP effectively inhibited expansion of ILC2s as well as the number of IL-5- and IL-13-producing ILC2s. Our data suggest that STAT6-IP effectively disrupts IL-13-dependent positive feedback loops, initiated by ILC2 activation, to suppress IL-33-induced type 2 innate immunity in the murine lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Moarbes
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Véronique Gaudreault
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rami Karkout
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lydia Labrie
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hedi Zhao
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jichuan Shan
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elizabeth D Fixman
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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9
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Egholm C, Özcan A, Breu D, Boyman O. Type 2 immune predisposition results in accelerated neutrophil aging causing susceptibility to bacterial infection. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabi9733. [PMID: 35594340 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi9733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Atopic individuals show enhanced type 2 immune cell responses and a susceptibility to infections with certain bacteria and viruses. Although patients with allergic diseases harbor normal counts of circulating neutrophils, these cells exert deficient effector functions. However, the underlying mechanism of this dysregulation of neutrophils remains ill defined. Here, we find that development, aging, and elimination of neutrophils are accelerated in mice with a predisposition to type 2 immunity, which, in turn, causes susceptibility to infection with several bacteria. Neutrophil-mediated immunity to bacterial infection was greatly decreased in mice with a genetic or induced bias to type 2 immunity. Abrogation of interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptor signaling in these animals fully restored their antibacterial defense, which largely depended on Ly6G+ neutrophils. IL-4 signals accelerated the maturation of neutrophils in the bone marrow and caused their rapid release to the circulation and periphery. IL-4-stimulated neutrophils aged more rapidly in the periphery, as evidenced by their phenotypic and functional changes, including their decreased phagocytosis of bacterial particles. Moreover, neutrophils from type 2 immune predisposed mice were eliminated at a higher rate by apoptosis and phagocytosis by macrophages and dendritic cells. Collectively, IL-4 signaling-mediated neutrophil aging constitutes an important adaptive deficiency in type 2 inflammation, contributing to recurrent bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Egholm
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alaz Özcan
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Breu
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Sun H, Damania A, Mair ML, Otukoya E, Li YD, Polsky K, Zeng Y, Alt JA, Citardi MJ, Corry DB, Luong AU, Knight JM. STAT6 Blockade Abrogates Aspergillus-Induced Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Asthma, A Model of Unified Airway Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:818017. [PMID: 35281012 PMCID: PMC8904741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Unified airway disease, including concurrent asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), is a common, but poorly understood disorder with no curative treatment options. To establish a murine model of chronic unified eosinophilic airway inflammation, mice were challenged with Aspergillus niger, and sinonasal mucosa and lung tissue were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and gene expression. Inhalation of A niger conidia resulted in a Th2-biased lung and sinus inflammation that typifies allergic asthma and CRS. Gene network and pathway analysis correlated with human disease with upregulation of not only the JAK-STAT and helper T-cell pathways, but also less expected pathways governing the spliceosome, osteoclast differentiation, and coagulation pathways. Utilizing a specific inhibitor and gene-deficient mice, we demonstrate that STAT6 is required for mycosis-induced sinus inflammation. These findings confirm the relevance of this new model and portend future studies that further extend our understanding of the immunopathologic basis of airway mycosis and unified airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Sun
- Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ashish Damania
- Department of Pediatrics-Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Megan L Mair
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Eniola Otukoya
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yi-Dong Li
- Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Katherine Polsky
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yuying Zeng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jeremiah A Alt
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Martin J Citardi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David B Corry
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Michael E. Debakey VA Center for Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amber U Luong
- Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John Morgan Knight
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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11
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Pivniouk V, Gimenes-Junior JA, Ezeh P, Michael A, Pivniouk O, Hahn S, VanLinden SR, Malone SP, Abidov A, Anderson D, Gozdz J, DeVries A, Martinez FD, Pasquali C, Vercelli D. Airway administration of OM-85, a bacterial lysate, blocks experimental asthma by targeting dendritic cells and the epithelium/IL-33/ILC2 axis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:943-956. [PMID: 34560105 PMCID: PMC8901455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial interventions against allergic asthma have robust epidemiologic underpinnings and the potential to recalibrate disease-inducing immune responses. Oral administration of OM-85, a standardized lysate of human airways bacteria, is widely used empirically to prevent respiratory infections and a clinical trial is testing its ability to prevent asthma in high-risk children. We previously showed that intranasal administration of microbial products from farm environments abrogates experimental allergic asthma. OBJECTIVES We sought to investigate whether direct administration of OM-85 to the airway compartment protects against experimental allergic asthma; and to identify protective cellular and molecular mechanisms activated through this natural route. METHODS Different strains of mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin or Alternaria received OM-85 intranasally, and cardinal cellular and molecular asthma phenotypes were measured. Airway transfer experiments assessed whether OM-85-treated dendritic cells protect allergen-sensitized, OM-85-naive mice against asthma. RESULTS Airway OM-85 administration suppressed allergic asthma in all models acting on multiple innate and adaptive immune targets: the airway epithelium/IL-33/ILC2 axis, lung allergen-induced type 2 responses, and dendritic cells whose Myd88/Trif-dependent tolerogenic reprogramming was sufficient to transfer OM-85-induced asthma protection. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first demonstration that administering a standardized bacterial lysate to the airway compartment protects from experimental allergic asthma by engaging multiple immune pathways. Because protection required a cumulative dose 27- to 46-fold lower than the one reportedly active through the oral route, the efficacy of intranasal OM-85 administration may reflect its direct access to the airway mucosal networks controlling the initiation and development of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Pivniouk
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz; Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz; BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.
| | - Joao A. Gimenes-Junior
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Peace Ezeh
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Ashley Michael
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Oksana Pivniouk
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Seongmin Hahn
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Sydney R. VanLinden
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Sean P. Malone
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Amir Abidov
- Medical Student Research Program, College of Medicine, The
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Dayna Anderson
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Justyna Gozdz
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Avery DeVries
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA,The BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ,
85721, USA
| | - Fernando D. Martinez
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA,The BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ,
85721, USA
| | | | - Donata Vercelli
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA,Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA,The BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ,
85721, USA,Arizona Center for the Biology of Complex Diseases, The
University of Arizona
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12
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Inflammation, Fibrosis and Cancer: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Options and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030552. [PMID: 35158821 PMCID: PMC8833582 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation is a salient factor in multiple chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. In this review, we provided an in-depth analysis of the relationships and distinctions between uncontrolled inflammation, fibrosis and cancers, while emphasizing the challenges and opportunities of developing novel therapies for the treatment and/or management of these diseases. We described how drug delivery systems, combination therapy and the integration of tissue-targeted and/or pathways selective strategies could overcome the challenges of current agents for managing and/or treating chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. We also recognized the value of the re-evaluation of the disease-specific roles of multiple pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers-as well as the application of data from single-cell RNA sequencing in the success of future drug discovery endeavors.
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13
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Hernandez-Ramirez G, Barber D, Tome-Amat J, Garrido-Arandia M, Diaz-Perales A. Alternaria as an Inducer of Allergic Sensitization. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7100838. [PMID: 34682259 PMCID: PMC8539034 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternaria alternata is a saprophytic mold whose spores are disseminated in warm dry air, the typical weather of the Mediterranean climate region (from 30° to 45°), with a peak during the late summer and early autumn. Alternaria spores are known to be biological contaminants and a potent source of aeroallergens. One consequence of human exposure to Alternaria is an increased risk of developing asthma, with Alt a 1 as its main elicitor and a marker of primary sensitization. Although the action mechanism needs further investigation, a key role of the epithelium in cytokine production, TLR-activated alveolar macrophages and innate lymphoid cells in the adaptive response was demonstrated. Furthermore, sensitization to A. alternata seems to be a trigger for the development of co-sensitization to other allergen sources and may act as an exacerbator of symptoms and an elicitor of food allergies. The prevalence of A. alternata allergy is increasing and has led to expanding research on the role of this fungal species in the induction of IgE-mediated respiratory diseases. Indeed, recent research has allowed new perspectives to be considered in the assessment of exposure and diagnosis of fungi-induced allergies, although more studies are needed for the standardization of immunotherapy formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Hernandez-Ramirez
- Centro de Biotecnología Y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223 Madrid, Spain; (G.H.-R.); (J.T.-A.); (M.G.-A.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo Barber
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, 28925 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jaime Tome-Amat
- Centro de Biotecnología Y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223 Madrid, Spain; (G.H.-R.); (J.T.-A.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - Maria Garrido-Arandia
- Centro de Biotecnología Y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223 Madrid, Spain; (G.H.-R.); (J.T.-A.); (M.G.-A.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Araceli Diaz-Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología Y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28223 Madrid, Spain; (G.H.-R.); (J.T.-A.); (M.G.-A.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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14
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Daines M, Pereira R, Cunningham A, Pryor B, Besselsen DG, Liu Y, Luo Q, Chen Y. Novel Mouse Models of Fungal Asthma. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:683194. [PMID: 34485171 PMCID: PMC8415780 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.683194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternaria alternata is a ubiquitous fungus and a major allergen associated with the development of asthma. Inhalation of intact spores is the primary cause of human exposure to fungal allergen. However, allergen-rich cultured fungal filtrates are oftentimes used in the current models of fungal sensitization that do not fully reflect real-life exposures. Thus, establishing novel spore exposure models is imperative. In this study, we established novel fungal exposure models of both adult and neonate to live spores. We examined pathophysiological changes in the spore models as compared to the non-exposure controls and also to the conventional filtrate models. While both Alternaria filtrate- and spore-exposed adult BALB/c mice developed elevated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), filtrates induced a greater IgE mediated response and higher broncholavage eosinophils than spores. In contrast, the mice exposed to Alternaria spores had higher numbers of neutrophils. Both exposures induced comparable levels of lung tissue inflammation and mucous cell metaplasia (MCM). In the neonatal model, exposure to Alternaria spores resulted in a significant increase of AHR in both adult and neonatal mice. Increased levels of IgE in both neonatal and adult mice exposed to spores was associated with increased eosinophilia in the treatment groups. Adult demonstrated increased numbers of lymphocytes that was paralleled by increased IgG1 production. Both adults and neonates demonstrated similarly increased eosinophilia, IgE, tissue inflammation and MCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Daines
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Asthma & Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rhea Pereira
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Aubrey Cunningham
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Barry Pryor
- School of Plant Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - David G Besselsen
- Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Qianwen Luo
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Yin Chen
- Asthma & Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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15
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Faustino LD, Griffith JW, Rahimi RA, Nepal K, Hamilos DL, Cho JL, Medoff BD, Moon JJ, Vignali DAA, Luster AD. Interleukin-33 activates regulatory T cells to suppress innate γδ T cell responses in the lung. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:1371-1383. [PMID: 32989331 PMCID: PMC7578082 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the interleukin (IL)-33 receptor ST2 mediate tissue repair in response to IL-33. Whether Treg cells also respond to the alarmin IL-33 to regulate specific aspects of the immune response is not known. Here we describe an unexpected function of ST2+ Treg cells in suppressing the innate immune response in the lung to environmental allergens without altering the adaptive immune response. Following allergen exposure, ST2+ Treg cells were activated by IL-33 to suppress IL-17-producing γδ T cells. ST2 signaling in Treg cells induced Ebi3, a component of the heterodimeric cytokine IL-35 that was required for Treg cell-mediated suppression of γδ T cells. This response resulted in fewer eosinophil-attracting chemokines and reduced eosinophil recruitment into the lung, which was beneficial to the host in reducing allergen-induced inflammation. Thus, we define a fundamental role for ST2+ Treg cells in the lung as a negative regulator of the early innate γδ T cell response to mucosal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D Faustino
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason W Griffith
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rod A Rahimi
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keshav Nepal
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel L Hamilos
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josalyn L Cho
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin D Medoff
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D Luster
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Jaiswal AK, Makhija S, Stahr N, Sandey M, Suryawanshi A, Mishra A. Pyruvate kinase M2 in lung APCs regulates Alternaria-induced airway inflammation. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151956. [PMID: 32747016 PMCID: PMC7403530 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sensitivity to allergenic fungi (Alternaria alternata) is associated with acute, severe asthma attacks. Antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the lung sense environmental perturbations that induce cellular stress and metabolic changes and are critical for allergic airway inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying such environmental sensing by APCs in the lung remains unclear. Here we show that acute Alternaria challenge rapidly induces neutrophil accumulation in airways, and alter expressions of Pyruvate Kinase (PKM2) and hypoxia-inducible factor -1α (Hif-1α) that correlates with proinflammatory mediator release. Blockade of IL33 signaling in vivo led to reduce oxidative stress and glycolysis in lung APCs. Lung-specific ablation of CD11c+ cells abrogates Alternaria-induced neutrophil accumulation and inflammation. Furthermore, administration of Alternaria into the airways stimulated APCs and elevate the expression of Glut-1. Mechanistically, we establish that PKM2 is a critical modulator of lung APC activation in Alternaria-induced acute inflammation. Allosteric activation of PKM2 by a small molecule ML265 or siRNA-mediated knock down correlated negatively with glycolysis and activation of APCs. These results collectively demonstrates that PKM2-mediated glycolytic reprogramming by fungal allergen Alternaria influences lung APC activation, thereby promotes acute airway inflammation. Our data support a model in which Alternaria sensitization in airways induce a circuitry of glycolysis and PKM2 regulation that confers an acute activation of APCs in the lung, whose targeting might represent a strategy for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Sangeet Makhija
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Natalie Stahr
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Maninder Sandey
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Amol Suryawanshi
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Amarjit Mishra
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States.
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17
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Ray A, Camiolo M, Fitzpatrick A, Gauthier M, Wenzel SE. Are We Meeting the Promise of Endotypes and Precision Medicine in Asthma? Physiol Rev 2020; 100:983-1017. [PMID: 31917651 PMCID: PMC7474260 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00023.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While the term asthma has long been known to describe heterogeneous groupings of patients, only recently have data evolved which enable a molecular understanding of the clinical differences. The evolution of transcriptomics (and other 'omics platforms) and improved statistical analyses in combination with large clinical cohorts opened the door for molecular characterization of pathobiologic processes associated with a range of asthma patients. When linked with data from animal models and clinical trials of targeted biologic therapies, emerging distinctions arose between patients with and without elevations in type 2 immune and inflammatory pathways, leading to the confirmation of a broad categorization of type 2-Hi asthma. Differences in the ratios, sources, and location of type 2 cytokines and their relation to additional immune pathway activation appear to distinguish several different (sub)molecular phenotypes, and perhaps endotypes of type 2-Hi asthma, which respond differently to broad and targeted anti-inflammatory therapies. Asthma in the absence of type 2 inflammation is much less well defined, without clear biomarkers, but is generally linked with poor responses to corticosteroids. Integration of "big data" from large cohorts, over time, using machine learning approaches, combined with validation and iterative learning in animal (and human) model systems is needed to identify the biomarkers and tightly defined molecular phenotypes/endotypes required to fulfill the promise of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ray
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew Camiolo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anne Fitzpatrick
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marc Gauthier
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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18
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Holme JA, Øya E, Afanou AKJ, Øvrevik J, Eduard W. Characterization and pro-inflammatory potential of indoor mold particles. INDOOR AIR 2020; 30:662-681. [PMID: 32078193 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A number of epidemiological studies find an association between indoor air dampness and respiratory health effects. This is often suggested to be linked to enhanced mold growth. However, the role of mold is obviously difficult to disentangle from other dampness-related exposure including microbes as well as non-biological particles and chemical pollutants. The association may partly be due to visible mycelial growth and a characteristic musty smell of mold. Thus, the potential role of mold exposure should be further explored by evaluating information from experimental studies elucidating possible mechanistic links. Such studies show that exposure to spores and hyphal fragments may act as allergens and pro-inflammatory mediators and that they may damage airways by the production of toxins, enzymes, and volatile organic compounds. In the present review, we hypothesize that continuous exposure to mold particles may result in chronic low-grade pro-inflammatory responses contributing to respiratory diseases. We summarize some of the main methods for detection and characterization of fungal aerosols and highlight in vitro research elucidating how molds may induce toxicity and pro-inflammatory reactions in human cell models relevant for airway exposure. Data suggest that the fraction of fungal hyphal fragments in indoor air is much higher than that of airborne spores, and the hyphal fragments often have a higher pro-inflammatory potential. Thus, hyphal fragments of prevalent mold species with strong pro-inflammatory potential may be particularly relevant candidates for respiratory diseases associated with damp/mold-contaminated indoor air. Future studies linking of indoor air dampness with health effects should assess the toxicity and pro-inflammatory potential of indoor air particulate matter and combined this information with a better characterization of biological components including hyphal fragments from both pathogenic and non-pathogenic mold species. Such studies may increase our understanding of the potential role of mold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørn A Holme
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Øya
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medicines Access, Norwegian Medicines Agency, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anani K J Afanou
- Group of Occupational Toxicology, STAMI National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wijnand Eduard
- Group of Occupational Toxicology, STAMI National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Shin SH, Ye MK, Lee DW, Chae MH, Choi SY. Development and immunopathological characteristics of an Alternaria-induced chronic rhinosinusitis mouse model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234731. [PMID: 32544181 PMCID: PMC7297365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Airborne fungi are associated with upper and lower airway inflammatory diseases. Alternaria is commonly found in nasal secretions and induces the production of chemical mediators from sinonasal mucosa. This study aimed to establish an Alternaria-induced chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) mouse model and determine the influence of host allergic background on the immunopathological characteristics of CRS. BALB/c mice were used for establishing the CRS model. Alternaria was intranasally instilled for 8 or 16 weeks with or without ovalbumin (OVA) presensitization. Total serum IgE and Alternaria-specific IgE levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in nasal lavage fluid (NLF) and splenocytes were measured by ELISA and their mRNAs and levels of associated transcription factors in sinonasal mucosa were determined with quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Hematoxylin-eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining were performed to evaluate histological changes. Total serum IgE was increased in both allergic and non-allergic CRS. IL-4 was strongly expressed in NLF in both allergic and non-allergic CRS at 16 weeks and not only eosinophils but also neutrophils were increased in NLF of non-allergic CRS mice. The levels of Th1, Th2, and Treg cytokines and transcription factor mRNAs were significantly increased in sinonasal mucosa of non-allergic CRS mice. Both inflammatory cell infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia were increased in CRS mice. Repeated intranasal instillation of Alternaria results in sinonasal inflammation with inflammatory cell infiltration. The sinonasal mucosal immune responses against Alternaria were shown to differ depending on the host allergic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Heon Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Mi-Kyung Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dong-Won Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Chae
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sung-Yong Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea
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20
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Palmer LD, Maloney KN, Boyd KL, Goleniewska AK, Toki S, Maxwell CN, Chazin WJ, Peebles RS, Newcomb DC, Skaar EP. The Innate Immune Protein S100A9 Protects from T-Helper Cell Type 2-mediated Allergic Airway Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:459-468. [PMID: 30943376 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0217oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calprotectin is a heterodimer of the proteins S100A8 and S100A9, and it is an abundant innate immune protein associated with inflammation. In humans, calprotectin transcription and protein abundance are associated with asthma and disease severity. However, mechanistic studies in experimental asthma models have been inconclusive, identifying both protective and pathogenic effects of calprotectin. To clarify the role of calprotectin in asthma, calprotectin-deficient S100A9-/- and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were compared in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. Mice were intranasally challenged with extracts of the clinically relevant allergen, Alternaria alternata (Alt Ext), or PBS every third day over 9 days. On Day 10, BAL fluid and lung tissue homogenates were harvested and allergic airway inflammation was assessed. Alt Ext challenge induced release of S100A8/S100A9 to the alveolar space and increased protein expression in the alveolar epithelium of WT mice. Compared with WT mice, S100A9-/- mice displayed significantly enhanced allergic airway inflammation, including production of IL-13, CCL11, CCL24, serum IgE, eosinophil recruitment, and airway resistance and elastance. In response to Alt Ext, S100A9-/- mice accumulated significantly more IL-13+IL-5+CD4+ T-helper type 2 cells. S100A9-/- mice also accumulated a significantly lower proportion of CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) cells in the lung that had significantly lower expression of CD25. Calprotectin enhanced WT Treg cell suppressive activity in vitro. Therefore, this study identifies a role for the innate immune protein, S100A9, in protection from CD4+ T-helper type 2 cell hyperinflammation in response to Alt Ext. This protection is mediated, at least in part, by CD4+ Treg cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren D Palmer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and
| | - K Nichole Maloney
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and
| | - A Kasia Goleniewska
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Shinji Toki
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - C Noel Maxwell
- Department of Biochemistry and.,Department of Chemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Walter J Chazin
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and.,Department of Biochemistry and.,Department of Chemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, and
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21
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Bronchial Asthma: Current Trends in Treatment. ACTA MEDICA MARTINIANA 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/acm-2020-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogenous disease which pathophysiology is still poorly understood. Asthma was traditionally divided into allergic (extrinsic) and non-allergic (intrinsic) types, while patients with allergic type responded better to corticosteroids. Since 2013 the definition of asthma has changed. Recently, better insight into clinical consi -derations and underlying inflammatory phenotypes has been gained. Defining these phenotypes has already led to more specific clinical trials and, therefore, to more personalized and successfully targeted therapy. For future, much more effort is put in identifying new phenotype-specific biomarkers which could be helpful in stratification of heterogeneous patients with asthma.
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22
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Th17/IL-17 Axis Regulated by Airway Microbes Get Involved in the Development of Asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2020; 20:11. [PMID: 32172346 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-020-00903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bronchial asthma is a common respiratory disease induced by immune imbalance, characterized by chronic non-specific airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Many factors induce asthma, among which respiratory infection is the important cause. In this review, we discuss how respiratory microbes participate in the occurrence and progression of asthma via Th17/IL-17 axis. RECENT FINDINGS Pathogenesis of asthma has been considered as closely related to the imbalance in number and function of Th1/Th2 in the CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets. Recent studies have shown that Th17 cell and its secretory IL-17 also play an important role in AHR. Respiratory virus, bacteria, fungi, and other respiratory microbial infections can directly or indirectly induce the differentiation of Th17 cell and the production of related cytokines to induce AHR. Respiratory microbial infection can affect the TH17/IL-17A axis through a variety of mechanisms, thereby promoting the occurrence and development of asthma, and these specific mechanisms may provide new effective therapeutic ideas for asthma.
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23
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Hadebe S, Brombacher F. Environment and Host-Genetic Determinants in Early Development of Allergic Asthma: Contribution of Fungi. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2696. [PMID: 31824491 PMCID: PMC6879655 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic debilitating airway disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Although largely thought to be a disease of the first world, it is now clear that it is on the rise in many middle- and lower-income countries. The disease is complex, and its etiology is poorly understood, which explains failure of most treatment strategies. We know that in children, asthma is closely linked to poor lung function in the first 3-years of life, when the lung is still undergoing post-natal alveolarization phase. Epidemiological studies also suggest that environmental factors around that age do play a critical part in the establishment of early wheezing which persists until adulthood. Some of the factors that contribute to early development of asthma in children in Western world are clear, however, in low- to middle-income countries this is likely to differ significantly. The contribution of fungal species in the development of allergic diseases is known in adults and in experimental models. However, it is unclear whether early exposure during perinatal or post-natal lung development influences a protective or promotes allergic asthma. Host immune cells and responses will play a crucial part in early development of allergic asthma. How immune cells and their receptors may recognize fungi and promote allergic asthma or protect by tolerance among other immune mechanisms is not fully understood in this early lung development stage. The aim of this review is to discuss what fungal species are present during early exposure as well as their contribution to the development of allergic responses. We also discuss how the host has evolved to promote tolerance to limit hyper-responsiveness to innocuous fungi, and how host evasion by fungi during early development consequentially results in allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabelo Hadebe
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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24
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Wadhwa R, Dua K, Adcock IM, Horvat JC, Kim RY, Hansbro PM. Cellular mechanisms underlying steroid-resistant asthma. Eur Respir Rev 2019; 28:28/153/190096. [PMID: 31636089 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0096-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe steroid-resistant asthma is clinically important, as patients with this form of the disease do not respond to mainstay corticosteroid therapies. The heterogeneity of this form of asthma and poor understanding of the pathological mechanisms involved hinder the identification of therapeutic targets and the development of more effective therapies. A major limiting factor in the understanding of severe steroid-resistant asthma is the existence of multiple endotypes represented by different immunological and inflammatory phenotypes, particularly in adults. Several clinical and experimental studies have revealed associations between specific respiratory infections and steroid-resistant asthma in adults. Here, we discuss recent findings from other authors as well as our own studies that have developed novel experimental models for interrogating the association between respiratory infections and severe steroid-resistant asthma. These models have enabled the identification of new therapies using macrolides, as well as several novel disease mechanisms, including the microRNA-21/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/histone deacetylase 2 axis and NLRP3 inflammasomes, and highlight the potential of these mechanisms as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridhima Wadhwa
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Kamal Dua
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Ian M Adcock
- The Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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25
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Li E, Knight JM, Wu Y, Luong A, Rodriguez A, Kheradmand F, Corry DB. Airway mycosis in allergic airway disease. Adv Immunol 2019; 142:85-140. [PMID: 31296304 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The allergic airway diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM) and many others, comprise a heterogeneous collection of inflammatory disorders affecting the upper and lower airways and lung parenchyma that represent the most common chronic diseases of humanity. In addition to their shared tissue tropism, the allergic airway diseases are characterized by a distinct pattern of inflammation involving the accumulation of eosinophils, type 2 macrophages, innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2), IgE-secreting B cells, and T helper type 2 (Th2) cells in airway tissues, and the prominent production of type 2 cytokines including interleukin (IL-) 33, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and many others. These factors and related inflammatory molecules induce characteristic remodeling and other changes of the airways that include goblet cell metaplasia, enhanced mucus secretion, smooth muscle hypertrophy, tissue swelling and polyp formation that account for the major clinical manifestations of nasal obstruction, headache, hyposmia, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, wheezing, and, in the most severe cases of lower airway disease, death due to respiratory failure or disseminated, systemic disease. The syndromic nature of the allergic airway diseases that now include many physiological variants or endotypes suggests that distinct endogenous or environmental factors underlie their expression. However, findings from different perspectives now collectively link these disorders to a single infectious source, the fungi, and a molecular pathogenesis that involves the local production of airway proteinases by these organisms. In this review, we discuss the evidence linking fungi and their proteinases to the surprisingly wide variety of chronic airway and systemic disorders and the immune pathogenesis of these conditions as they relate to environmental fungi. We further discuss the important implications these new findings have for the diagnosis and future therapy of these common conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Li
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - J Morgan Knight
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amber Luong
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Health Science at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Antony Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Michael E. DeBakey VA Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Michael E. DeBakey VA Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David B Corry
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Michael E. DeBakey VA Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Houston, TX, United States.
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26
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Li J, Yang L, Wang J, Yang Y, Wu Y, Jiang Q, Yang Y, Ma D, Zhang R, Huang N, Li W, Liu G, Zhu R. Alternaria B Cell Mimotope Immunotherapy Alleviates Allergic Responses in a Mouse Model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:31-38. [PMID: 31092638 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alternaria is a major outdoor allergen. Immunotherapy with Alternaria extracts has been documented to be effective in the sensitized patients. However, Alternaria extracts are notoriously difficult to standardize. Our aim is to screen the B cell mimotopes of Alternaria and to evaluate the therapeutic effects of B cell mimotope peptides on a BALB/c mouse model of Alternaria allergy. After a human sera pool from Alternaria monosensitized patients was established, B cell mimotopes were screened by a phage-displayed random heptamer peptide library that was identified via mixed Alternaria-specific IgE in the sera pool. B cell mimotopes with phage as a carrier were used to perform immunotherapy in an Alternaria allergy mouse model. Serological Ab levels, lung histology, and cytokine profiles were compared in the mimotope immunotherapy group, natural extract immunotherapy group, irrelevant phage control group, Alternaria-sensitized model group, and saline-blank group. Two mimotopes (MISTSRK and QKRNTIT) presented high binding ability with the sera of the Alternaria-allergic patients and mice and, therefore, were selected for immunotherapy in the mouse model. Compared with irrelevant phage control, model, and natural extract immunotherapy group, mimotope immunotherapy group significantly reduced serum IgE levels, inflammatory cells infiltration in the lung tissue, and IL-4 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, whereas serum IgG1 and IFN-γ levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were increased. Our results indicate that B cell mimotopes of Alternaria alleviates allergic response in a mouse model and have potential as novel therapeutic agents for IgE-mediated Alternaria-allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Jingru Wang
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Yongshi Yang
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Yuying Wu
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqi Yang
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Dongxia Ma
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Rongfei Zhu
- Department of Allergy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
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27
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Kim M, Park Y, Kwon Y, Kim Y, Byun J, Jeong MS, Kim HU, Jung HS, Mun JY, Jeoung D. MiR-135-5p-p62 Axis Regulates Autophagic Flux, Tumorigenic Potential, and Cellular Interactions Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles During Allergic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:738. [PMID: 31024564 PMCID: PMC6460569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between autophagy and allergic inflammation. In vitro allergic inflammation was accompanied by an increased autophagic flux in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL2H3) cells. 3-MA, an inhibitor of autophagic processes, negatively regulated allergic inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. The role of p62, a selective receptor of autophagy, in allergic inflammation was investigated. P62, increased by antigen stimulation, mediated in vitro allergic inflammation, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), and passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA). P62 mediated cellular interactions during allergic inflammation. It also mediated tumorigenic and metastatic potential of cancer cells enhanced by PSA. TargetScan analysis predicted that miR-135-5p was a negative regulator of p62. Luciferase activity assay showed that miR-135-5p directly regulated p62. MiR-135-5p mimic negatively regulated features of allergic inflammation and inhibited tumorigenic and metastatic potential of cancer cells enhanced by PSA. MiR-135-5p mimic also inhibited cellular interactions during allergic inflammation. Extracellular vesicles mediated allergic inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. Extracellular vesicles were also necessary for cellular interactions during allergic inflammation. Transmission electron microscopy showed p62 within extracellular vesicles of antigen-stimulated rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL2H3). Extracellular vesicles isolated from antigen-stimulated RBL2H3 cells induced activation of macrophages and enhanced invasion and migration potential of B16F1 mouse melanoma cells in a p62-dependent manner. Extracellular vesicles isolated from PSA-activated BALB/C mouse enhanced invasion and migration potential of B16F1 cells, and induced features of allergic inflammation in RBL2H3 cells. Thus, miR-135-5p-p62 axis might serve as a target for developing anti-allergy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yeongseo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yoojung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jaehwan Byun
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Myeong Seon Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.,Chuncheon Center, Korean Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Han-Ul Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Mun
- Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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28
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Thio CLP, Lai ACY, Chi PY, Webster G, Chang YJ. Toll-like receptor 9-dependent interferon production prevents group 2 innate lymphoid cell-driven airway hyperreactivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:682-697.e9. [PMID: 30914379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are important mediators of allergic asthma. Bacterial components, such as unmethylated CpG DNA, a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 agonist, are known to possess beneficial immunomodulatory effects in patients with T cell-mediated chronic asthma. However, their roles in regulating ILC2s remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the role of TLR9 activation in regulating ILC2 function and to evaluate the therapeutic utility of an immunomodulatory microparticle containing natural TLR9 ligand (MIS416). METHODS We evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of CpG A in IL-33-induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and airway inflammation. The roles of interferons were examined in vivo and in vitro by using signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1)-/- mice and neutralizing antibodies against IFN-γ and IFN-α/β receptor subunit 1, and their cellular sources were identified. The therapeutic utility of MIS416 was investigated in the Alternaria alternata model of allergic asthma and in humanized NSG mice. RESULTS We show that TLR9 activation by CpG A suppresses IL-33-mediated AHR and airway inflammation through inhibition of ILC2s. Activation of TLR9 leads to production of IFN-α, which drives IFN-γ production by natural killer cells. Importantly, IFN-γ is essential for TLR9-driven suppression, and IFN-α cannot compensate for impaired IFN-γ signaling. We further show that IFN-γ directly inhibits ILC2 function through a STAT1-dependent mechanism. Finally, we demonstrate the therapeutic potential of MIS416 in A alternata-induced airway inflammation and validated these findings in human subjects. CONCLUSION TLR9 activation alleviates ILC2-driven AHR and airway inflammation through direct suppression of cell function. Microparticle-based delivery of TLR9 ligands might serve as a therapeutic strategy for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Po-Yu Chi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gill Webster
- Innate Immunotherapeutics, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ya-Jen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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29
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Impellizzieri D, Ridder F, Raeber ME, Egholm C, Woytschak J, Kolios AGA, Legler DF, Boyman O. IL-4 receptor engagement in human neutrophils impairs their migration and extracellular trap formation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:267-279.e4. [PMID: 30768990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 immunity serves to resist parasitic helminths, venoms, and toxins, but the role and regulation of neutrophils during type 2 immune responses are controversial. Helminth models suggested a contribution of neutrophils to type 2 immunity, whereas neutrophils are associated with increased disease severity during type 2 inflammatory disorders, such as asthma. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the effect of the prototypic type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 on human neutrophils. METHODS Human neutrophils from peripheral blood were assessed without or with IL-4 or IL-13 for (1) expression of IL-4 receptor subunits, (2) neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, (3) migration toward CXCL8 in vitro and in humanized mice, and (4) CXCR1, CXCR2, and CXCR4 expression, as well as (5) in nonallergic versus allergic subjects. RESULTS Human neutrophils expressed both types of IL-4 receptors, and their stimulation through IL-4 or IL-13 diminished their ability to form NETs and migrate toward CXCL8 in vitro. Likewise, in vivo chemotaxis in NOD-scid-Il2rg-/- mice was reduced in IL-4-stimulated human neutrophils compared with control values. These effects were accompanied by downregulation of the CXCL8-binding chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 on human neutrophils on IL-4 or IL-13 stimulation in vitro. Ex vivo analysis of neutrophils from allergic patients or exposure of neutrophils from nonallergic subjects to allergic donor serum in vitro impaired their NET formation and migration toward CXCL8, thereby mirroring IL-4/IL-13-stimulated neutrophils. CONCLUSION IL-4 receptor signaling in human neutrophils affects several neutrophil effector functions, which bears important implications for immunity in type 2 inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederike Ridder
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miro E Raeber
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cecilie Egholm
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janine Woytschak
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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30
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Yee MC, Nichols HL, Polley D, Saifeddine M, Pal K, Lee K, Wilson EH, Daines MO, Hollenberg MD, Boitano S, DeFea KA. Protease-activated receptor-2 signaling through β-arrestin-2 mediates Alternaria alkaline serine protease-induced airway inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L1042-L1057. [PMID: 30335499 PMCID: PMC6337008 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00196.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternaria alternata is a fungal allergen associated with severe asthma and asthma exacerbations. Similarly to other asthma-associated allergens, Alternaria secretes a serine-like trypsin protease(s) that is thought to act through the G protein-coupled receptor protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) to induce asthma symptoms. However, specific mechanisms underlying Alternaria-induced PAR2 activation and signaling remain ill-defined. We sought to determine whether Alternaria-induced PAR2 signaling contributed to asthma symptoms via a PAR2/β-arrestin signaling axis, identify the protease activity responsible for PAR2 signaling, and determine whether protease activity was sufficient for Alternaria-induced asthma symptoms in animal models. We initially used in vitro models to demonstrate Alternaria-induced PAR2/β-arrestin-2 signaling. Alternaria filtrates were then used to sensitize and challenge wild-type, PAR2-/- and β-arrestin-2-/- mice in vivo. Intranasal administration of Alternaria filtrate resulted in a protease-dependent increase of airway inflammation and mucin production in wild-type but not PAR2-/- or β-arrestin-2-/- mice. Protease was isolated from Alternaria preparations, and select in vitro and in vivo experiments were repeated to evaluate sufficiency of the isolated Alternaria protease to induce asthma phenotype. Administration of a single isolated serine protease from Alternaria, Alternaria alkaline serine protease (AASP), was sufficient to fully activate PAR2 signaling and induce β-arrestin-2-/--dependent eosinophil and lymphocyte recruitment in vivo. In conclusion, Alternaria filtrates induce airway inflammation and mucus hyperplasia largely via AASP using the PAR2/β-arrestin signaling axis. Thus, β-arrestin-biased PAR2 antagonists represent novel therapeutic targets for treating aeroallergen-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Yee
- Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Program, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
| | - Heddie L Nichols
- Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Program, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
| | - Danny Polley
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Mahmoud Saifeddine
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Kasturi Pal
- Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Program, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
- Cell Molecular and Developmental Biology and Biochemistry Graduate Program, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
| | - Kyu Lee
- Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Program, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
- Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
| | - Emma H Wilson
- Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Program, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
| | - Michael O Daines
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona Health Sciences , Tucson, Arizona
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Scott Boitano
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences , Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona Health Sciences , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kathryn A DeFea
- Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Program, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
- Cell Molecular and Developmental Biology and Biochemistry Graduate Program, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
- Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside , Riverside, California
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31
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Song YD, Li XZ, Wu YX, Shen Y, Liu FF, Gao PP, Sun L, Qian F. Emodin alleviates alternatively activated macrophage and asthmatic airway inflammation in a murine asthma model. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1317-1325. [PMID: 29417945 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) are not only associated with asthma but also lead to asthmatic airway inflammation and remodeling. Inhibition of AAMs is an alternative therapeutic strategy for treating asthma. In this study we investigated whether emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone), isolated from the rhizome of Rheum palmatum, alleviated asthmatic airway inflammation and reduced AAM polarization in a murine asthma model. Mice were sensitized with a triple allergen mix containing dust mite, ragweed and aspergillus (DRA). In mice with DRA-induced asthma, asthmatic inflammation was significantly enhanced. Intraperitoneal injection of emodin (20 mg·kg-1·d-1, ip) 1 h prior to DRA challenge on days 12-14 significantly decreased pulmonary eosinophil and lymphocyte infiltration, mucus secretion and serum IgE production, as well as IL-4 and IL-5 production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In response to emodin treatment, activated markers of AAM Ym-1, Fizz-1 and arginase-1 in the lung tissues were remarkably decreased. In mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in vitro, emodin (2-50 μmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited IL-4-induced AAM polarization and STAT6 phosphorylation. Collectively, our results suggest that emodin effectively ameliorates asthmatic airway inflammation and AAM polarization, and it may therefore become a potential agent for the treatment of asthma.
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32
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Rosenberg HF, Druey KM. Modeling asthma: Pitfalls, promises, and the road ahead. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:41-48. [PMID: 29451705 PMCID: PMC6134392 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr1117-436r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic, heterogeneous, and recurring inflammatory disease of the lower airways, with exacerbations that feature airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Asthma has been modeled extensively via disease induction in both wild-type and genetically manipulated laboratory mice (Mus musculus). Antigen sensitization and challenge strategies have reproduced numerous important features of airway inflammation characteristic of human asthma, notably the critical roles of type 2 T helper cell cytokines. Recent models of disease induction have advanced to include physiologic aeroallergens with prolonged respiratory challenge without systemic sensitization; others incorporate tobacco, respiratory viruses, or bacteria as exacerbants. Nonetheless, differences in lung size, structure, and physiologic responses limit the degree to which airway dynamics measured in mice can be compared to human subjects. Other rodent allergic airways models, including those featuring the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) might be considered for lung function studies. Finally, domestic cats (Feline catus) and horses (Equus caballus) develop spontaneous obstructive airway disorders with clinical and pathologic features that parallel human asthma. Information on pathogenesis and treatment of these disorders is an important resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene F. Rosenberg
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kirk M. Druey
- Molecular Signal Transduction Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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33
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Morimoto Y, Hirahara K, Kiuchi M, Wada T, Ichikawa T, Kanno T, Okano M, Kokubo K, Onodera A, Sakurai D, Okamoto Y, Nakayama T. Amphiregulin-Producing Pathogenic Memory T Helper 2 Cells Instruct Eosinophils to Secrete Osteopontin and Facilitate Airway Fibrosis. Immunity 2018; 49:134-150.e6. [PMID: 29958800 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Memory T cells provide long-lasting protective immunity, and distinct subpopulations of memory T cells drive chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Asthma is a chronic allergic inflammatory disease with airway remodeling including fibrotic changes. The immunological mechanisms that induce airway fibrotic changes remain unknown. We found that interleukin-33 (IL-33) enhanced amphiregulin production by the IL-33 receptor, ST2hi memory T helper 2 (Th2) cells. Amphiregulin-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated signaling directly reprogramed eosinophils to an inflammatory state with enhanced production of osteopontin, a key profibrotic immunomodulatory protein. IL-5-producing memory Th2 cells and amphiregulin-producing memory Th2 cells appeared to cooperate to establish lung fibrosis. The analysis of polyps from patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis revealed fibrosis with accumulation of amphiregulin-producing CRTH2hiCD161hiCD45RO+CD4+ Th2 cells and osteopontin-producing eosinophils. Thus, the IL-33-amphiregulin-osteopontin axis directs fibrotic responses in eosinophilic airway inflammation and is a potential target for the treatment of fibrosis induced by chronic allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Morimoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; AMED-PRIME, AMED, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tomoko Wada
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ichikawa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Toshio Kanno
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Mikiko Okano
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kota Kokubo
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Atsushi Onodera
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Daiju Sakurai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Okamoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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34
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Nagaoka K, Ito T, Ogino K, Eguchi E, Fujikura Y. Human lactoferrin induces asthmatic symptoms in NC/Nga mice. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/15/e13365. [PMID: 28774951 PMCID: PMC5555891 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin in commercial supplements is known to exert anti‐viral and anti‐allergic effects. However, this is the first study to evaluate the induction of allergic airway inflammation in NC/Nga mice. Human lactoferrin was administered intraperitoneally with aluminum oxide for sensitization. Five days later, lactoferrin was inoculated intranasally for 5 days, and then on the 12th day, the single inoculation of lactoferrin intranasally was performed as a challenge. On the 13th day, airway hypersensitivity was assessed (AHR), a bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) cell analysis was conducted, serum IgE and serum lactoferrin‐specific IgG and IgE levels as well as the mRNA expression levels of cytokines and chemokines in the lung were measured, and a histopathological analysis of the lung was performed. Human lactoferrin increased AHR, the number of eosinophils in BALF, serum lactoferrin‐specific IgG levels, and the mRNA levels of IL‐13, eotaxin 1, and eotaxin 2. Moreover, the accumulation of inflammatory cells around the bronchus and the immunohistochemical localization of arginase I and human lactoferrin were detected. Collectively, these results indicate that human lactoferrin induced allergic airway inflammation in mice. Therefore, the commercial use of human lactoferrin in supplements warrants more intensive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Nagaoka
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Ito
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keiki Ogino
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Eri Eguchi
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Fujikura
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
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35
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Geslewitz WE, Percopo CM, Rosenberg HF. Eosinophil persistence in vivo and sustained viability ex vivo in response to respiratory challenge with fungal allergens. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:29-38. [PMID: 29068539 PMCID: PMC5746458 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils are immunomodulatory leucocytes that contribute to the pathogenesis of Th2-driven asthma and allergic lung diseases. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to identify unique properties of eosinophils recruited to the lungs and airways of mice in response to challenge with asthma-associated fungal allergens. METHODS Mice were challenged intranasally on days 0, 3 and 6 with a filtrate of Alternaria alternata. Recruited eosinophils were enumerated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Eosinophils were also isolated from lungs of mice sensitized and challenged with Aspergillus fumigatus and evaluated ex vivo in tissue culture. RESULTS Eosinophils persist in the airways for several weeks in response to brief provocation with A. alternata in wild-type, Gm-csf- and eotaxin-1-gene-deleted mice, while eosinophils are recruited but do not persist in the absence of IL-13. Eosinophils isolated from the lungs A. alternata-challenged mice are cytokine-enriched compared to those from IL5tg mice, including 800-fold higher levels of eotaxin-1. Furthermore, eosinophils from the lungs and spleen of fungal allergen-challenged wild-type mice are capable of prolonged survival ex vivo, in contrast to eosinophils from both untreated and fungal allergen-challenged IL5tg mice, which undergo rapid demise in the absence of exogenous cytokine support. TNF-α (but not IL5, IL-3, eotaxin-1 or GM-CSF) was detected in supernatants of ex vivo eosinophil cultures from the lungs of fungal allergen-challenged wild-type mice. However, neither TNF-α gene deletion nor anti-TNF-α neutralizing antibodies had any impact sustained eosinophil survival ex vivo. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Eosinophils are phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous. As shown here, eosinophils from fungal allergen-challenged wild-type mice maintain a distinct cytokine profile, and, unlike eosinophils isolated from IL5tg mice, they survive ex vivo in the absence of exogenous pro-survival cytokine support. As treatments for asthma currently in development focus on limiting eosinophil viability via strategic cytokine blockade, the molecular mechanisms underlying differential survival merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy E. Geslewitz
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Caroline M. Percopo
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Helene F. Rosenberg
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Damle SR, Martin RK, Cockburn CL, Lownik JC, Carlyon JA, Smith AD, Conrad DH. ADAM10 and Notch1 on murine dendritic cells control the development of type 2 immunity and IgE production. Allergy 2018; 73:125-136. [PMID: 28745029 DOI: 10.1111/all.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergy and allergic asthma are significant health burdens in developed countries and are increasing in prevalence. Dendritic cells (DCs) initiate immune responses to common aeroallergens, and ADAM10 has been demonstrated to be important for the development of adaptive responses. This study's objective was to understand the role of ADAM10 on DCs in the development of allergic and anaphylactic responses. METHODS In this study, we used mouse models of allergic airway inflammation (house dust mice and Alternaria alternata) and OVA-induced models of active anaphylaxis to determine the DC-specific function of ADAM10 and Notch signaling. To examine TH 1 and TH 17 immunity infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Citrobacter rodentium respectively, were used. RESULTS Mice, which have ADAM10 deleted from DCs, have dramatic reductions in IgE production and do not develop significant TH 2 immune responses. Further, ADAM10DC-/- mice are resistant to IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. This response is selective for TH 2 immunity as TH 1 and TH 17 immunity is largely unaffected. Notch1, a known ADAM10 substrate, when knocked out of DCs (Notch1DC-/- ) demonstrated a similar reduction in anaphylaxis and IgE. Without ADAM10 and Notch1 signaling, DCs were unable to make cytokines that stimulate TH 2 cells and cytokines. Anaphylaxis and allergic lung inflammation were restored in ADAM10DC-/- with the overexpression of the Notch1-intracellular domain, confirming the role of Notch signaling. CONCLUSIONS Targeting ADAM10 and Notch1 on DCs represent a novel strategy for modulating TH 2 immune responses and IgE production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. R. Damle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
| | - R. K. Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
| | - C. L. Cockburn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
| | - J. C. Lownik
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
| | - J. A. Carlyon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
| | - A. D. Smith
- United States Department of Agriculture Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center Beltsville MD USA
| | - D. H. Conrad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
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Memory-type ST2 +CD4 + T cells participate in the steroid-resistant pathology of eosinophilic pneumonia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6805. [PMID: 28754914 PMCID: PMC5533714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung develops an unique epithelial barrier system to protect host from continuous invasion of various harmful particles. Interleukin (IL-)33 released from epithelial cells in the lung drives the type 2 immune response by activating ST2− expressed immune cells in various allergic diseases. However, the involvement of memory-type ST2+CD4+ T cells in such lung inflammation remains unclear. Here we demonstrated that intratracheal administration of IL-33 resulted in the substantial increase of numbers of tissue-resident memory-type ST2+CD4+ T cells in the lung. Following enhanced production of IL-5 and IL-13, eosinophilic lung inflammation sequentially developed. IL-33-mediated eosinophilic lung inflammation was not fully developed in T cell-deficient Foxn1nu mice and NSG mice. Dexamethasone treatment showed limited effects on both the cell number and function of memory-type ST2+CD4+ T cells. Thus our study provides novel insight into the pathogenesis of eosinophilic lung disease, showing that memory-type ST2+CD4+ T cells are involved in IL-33-induced eosinophilic inflammation and elicited steroid-resistance.
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