1
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Collins CA, Waller C, Batourina E, Kumar L, Mendelsohn CL, Gilbert NM. Nur77 protects the bladder urothelium from intracellular bacterial infection. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8308. [PMID: 39333075 PMCID: PMC11436794 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracellular infections by Gram-negative bacteria are a significant global health threat. The nuclear receptor Nur77 (also called TR3, NGFI-B, or NR4A1) was recently shown to sense cytosolic bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the potential role for Nur77 in controlling intracellular bacterial infection has not been examined. Here we show that Nur77 protects against intracellular infection in the bladder by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the leading cause of urinary tract infections (UTI). Nur77 deficiency in mice promotes the formation of UPEC intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) in the cells lining the bladder lumen, leading to persistent infection in bladder tissue. Conversely, treatment with a small-molecule Nur77 agonist, cytosporone B, inhibits invasion and enhances the expulsion of UPEC from human urothelial cells in vitro, and significantly reduces UPEC IBC formation and bladder infection in mice. Our findings reveal a new role for Nur77 in control of bacterial infection and suggest that pharmacologic agonism of Nur77 function may represent a promising antibiotic-sparing therapeutic approach for UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Collins
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chevaughn Waller
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ekaterina Batourina
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lokesh Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cathy L Mendelsohn
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole M Gilbert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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2
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Lee JW, Chen EY, Hu T, Perret R, Chaffee ME, Martinov T, Mureli S, McCurdy CL, Jones LA, Gafken PR, Chanana P, Su Y, Chapuis AG, Bradley P, Schmitt TM, Greenberg PD. Overcoming immune evasion from post-translational modification of a mutant KRAS epitope to achieve TCR-engineered T cell-mediated antitumor activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.18.612965. [PMID: 39345486 PMCID: PMC11429761 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.18.612965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR)-T cell immunotherapy, in which T cells are engineered to express a TCR specific for a tumor epitope, is a form of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) that has demonstrated promise against various tumor types. Mutants of oncoprotein KRAS, particularly at glycine-12 (G12), are frequent drivers of tumorigenicity, but also attractive targets for TCR-T cell therapy. However, MHC class I-restricted TCRs specifically targeting G12-mutant KRAS epitopes in the context of tumors expressing HLA-A2, the most common human HLA-A allele, have remained elusive despite evidence that an epitope encompassing the mutation can bind HLA-A2 and induce T cell responses. We report that post-translational modifications of the protein on this epitope may allow tumor cells to evade immunologic pressure from TCR-T cells. A lysine side chain-methylated KRAS G12V peptide, rather than unmodified epitope, may be presented in HLA-A2 by tumor cells and impact recognition by TCRs. Using a novel computationally guided approach to design TCRs, we developed by mutagenesis TCRs that recognize this methylated peptide, enhancing tumor recognition and destruction. Additionally, we identified TCRs with similar functional activity in normal repertoires from rare primary T cells by stimulation with modified peptide, clonal expansion, and selection. Mechanistically, a gene knockout screen to identify mechanism(s) by which tumor cells methylate or demethylate this epitope unveiled SPT6 as a demethylating protein that could be targeted to improve effectiveness of these TCRs. These findings highlight the role of post-translational modifications in immune evasion and suggest that identifying and targeting such modifications should facilitate development of more effective TCR-T cell therapies.
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3
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Serniuck NJ, Kapcan E, Moogk D, Moore AE, Lake BP, Denisova G, Hammill JA, Bramson JL, Rullo AF. Electrophilic proximity-inducing synthetic adapters enhance universal T cell function by covalently enforcing immune receptor signaling. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200842. [PMID: 39045028 PMCID: PMC11264187 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Proximity-induction of cell-cell interactions via small molecules represents an emerging field in basic and translational sciences. Covalent anchoring of these small molecules represents a useful chemical strategy to enforce proximity; however, it remains largely unexplored for driving cell-cell interactions. In immunotherapeutic applications, bifunctional small molecules are attractive tools for inducing proximity between immune effector cells like T cells and tumor cells to induce tumoricidal function. We describe a two-component system composed of electrophilic bifunctional small molecules and paired synthetic antigen receptors (SARs) that elicit T cell activation. The molecules, termed covalent immune recruiters (CIRs), were designed to affinity label and covalently engage SARs. We evaluated the utility of CIRs to direct anti-tumor function of human T cells engineered with three biologically distinct classes of SAR. Irrespective of the electrophilic chemistry, tumor-targeting moiety, or SAR design, CIRs outperformed equivalent non-covalent bifunctional adapters, establishing a key role for covalency in maximizing functionality. We determined that covalent linkage enforced early T cell activation events in a manner that was dependent upon each SARs biology and signaling threshold. These results provide a platform to optimize universal SAR-T cell functionality and more broadly reveal new insights into how covalent adapters modulate cell-cell proximity-induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas J. Serniuck
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Eden Kapcan
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Duane Moogk
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Allyson E. Moore
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin P.M. Lake
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Galina Denisova
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joanne A. Hammill
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan L. Bramson
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony F. Rullo
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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4
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Sharma G, Round J, Teng F, Ali Z, May C, Yung E, Holt RA. A synthetic cytotoxic T cell platform for rapidly prototyping TCR function. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:182. [PMID: 39160299 PMCID: PMC11333705 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Current tools for functionally profiling T cell receptors with respect to cytotoxic potency and cross-reactivity are hampered by difficulties in establishing model systems to test these proteins in the contexts of different HLA alleles and against broad arrays of potential antigens. We have implemented a granzyme-activatable sensor of T cell cytotoxicity in a universal prototyping platform which enables facile recombinant expression of any combination of TCR-, peptide-, and class I MHC-coding sequences and direct assessment of resultant responses. This system consists of an engineered cell platform based on the immortalized natural killer cell line, YT-Indy, and the MHC-null antigen-presenting cell line, K562. These cells were engineered to furnish the YT-Indy/K562 pair with appropriate protein domains required for recombinant TCR expression and function in a non-T cell chassis, integrate a fluorescence-based target-centric early detection reporter of cytotoxic function, and deploy a set of protective genetic interventions designed to preserve antigen-presenting cells for subsequent capture and downstream characterization. Our data show successful reconstitution of the surface TCR complex in the YT-Indy cell line at biologically relevant levels. We also demonstrate successful induction and highly sensitive detection of antigen-specific response in multiple distinct model TCRs. Additionally, we monitored destruction of targets in co-culture and found that our survival-optimized system allowed for complete preservation after 24 h exposure to cytotoxic effectors. With this bioplatform, we anticipate investigators will be empowered to rapidly express and characterize T cell receptor responses, generate knowledge regarding the patterns of T cell receptor recognition, and optimize therapeutic T cell receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Sharma
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James Round
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fei Teng
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zahra Ali
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chris May
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eric Yung
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert A Holt
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
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5
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Brennan M, DeBruin D, Nwokolo C, Hunt KS, Piening A, Donlin MJ, Ferris ST, Teague RM, DiPaolo RJ, Alspach E. T-Cell Expression of CXCL13 is Associated with Immunotherapy Response in a Sex-Dependent Manner in Patients with Lung Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:956-963. [PMID: 38695618 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence in preclinical models demonstrates that antitumor immunity is not equivalent between males and females. However, more investigation in patients and across a wider range of cancer types is needed to fully understand sex as a variable in tumor immune responses. We investigated differences in T-cell responses between male and female patients with lung cancer by performing sex-based analysis of single cell transcriptomic datasets. We found that the transcript encoding CXC motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), which has recently been shown to correlate with T-cell tumor specificity, is expressed at greater levels in T cells isolated from female compared with male patients. Furthermore, increased CXCL13 expression was associated with response to PD1-targeting immunotherapy in female but not male patients. These findings suggest that there are sex-based differences in T-cell function required for response to anti-PD1 therapy in lung cancer that may need to be considered during patient treatment decisions. See related Spotlight by Cruz-Hinojoza and Stromnes, p. 952.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Brennan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David DeBruin
- Department of Biochemistry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Chinye Nwokolo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Katey S Hunt
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alexander Piening
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Maureen J Donlin
- Department of Biochemistry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Stephen T Ferris
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ryan M Teague
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Richard J DiPaolo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Elise Alspach
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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6
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Ni Z, Shi Y, Liu Q, Wang L, Sun X, Rao Y. Degradation-Based Protein Profiling: A Case Study of Celastrol. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308186. [PMID: 38664976 PMCID: PMC11220716 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Natural products, while valuable for drug discovery, encounter limitations like uncertainty in targets and toxicity. As an important active ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine, celastrol exhibits a wide range of biological activities, yet its mechanism remains unclear. In this study, they introduced an innovative "Degradation-based protein profiling (DBPP)" strategy, which combined PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTAC) technology with quantitative proteomics and Immunoprecipitation-Mass Spectrometry (IP-MS) techniques, to identify multiple targets of natural products using a toolbox of degraders. Taking celastrol as an example, they successfully identified its known targets, including inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta (IKKβ), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PI3Kα), and cellular inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A), as well as potential new targets such as checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), O-GlcNAcase (OGA), and DNA excision repair protein ERCC-6-like (ERCC6L). Furthermore, the first glycosidase degrader is developed in this work. Finally, by employing a mixed PROTAC toolbox in quantitative proteomics, they also achieved multi-target identification of celastrol, significantly reducing costs while improving efficiency. Taken together, they believe that the DBPP strategy can complement existing target identification strategies, thereby facilitating the rapid advancement of the pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Ni
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein SciencesSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesMOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yi Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein SciencesSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesMOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Qianlong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein SciencesSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesMOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Liguo Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein SciencesSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesMOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | | | - Yu Rao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein SciencesSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesMOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical BiologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- Changping LaboratoryBeijing102206China
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7
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Ford ES, Li AZ, Laing KJ, Dong L, Diem K, Jing L, Mayer-Blackwell K, Basu K, Ott M, Tartaglia J, Gurunathan S, Reid JL, Ecsedi M, Chapuis AG, Huang ML, Magaret AS, Johnston C, Zhu J, Koelle DM, Corey L. Expansion of the HSV-2-specific T cell repertoire in skin after immunotherapeutic HSV-2 vaccine. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e179010. [PMID: 39133650 PMCID: PMC11383358 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.179010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin at the site of HSV-2 reactivation is enriched for HSV-2-specific T cells. To evaluate whether an immunotherapeutic vaccine could elicit skin-based memory T cells, we studied skin biopsies and HSV-2-reactive CD4+ T cells from PBMCs by T cell receptor (TCR) β chain (TRB) sequencing before and after vaccination with a replication-incompetent whole-virus HSV-2 vaccine candidate (HSV529). The representation of HSV-2-reactive CD4+ TRB sequences from PBMCs in the skin TRB repertoire increased after the first vaccine dose. We found sustained expansion after vaccination of unique, skin-based T cell clonotypes that were not detected in HSV-2-reactive CD4+ T cells isolated from PBMCs. In one participant, a switch in immunodominance occurred with the emergence of a TCR αβ pair after vaccination that was not detected in blood. This TCRαβ was shown to be HSV-2 reactive by expression of a synthetic TCR in a Jurkat-based NR4A1 reporter system. The skin in areas of HSV-2 reactivation possessed an oligoclonal TRB repertoire that was distinct from the circulation. Defining the influence of therapeutic vaccination on the HSV-2-specific TRB repertoire requires tissue-based evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Ford
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Alvason Z Li
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kerry J Laing
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Lichun Dong
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Kurt Diem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lichen Jing
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Krithi Basu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Mariliis Ott
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | | | - Jack L Reid
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matyas Ecsedi
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Aude G Chapuis
- Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Meei-Li Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Amalia S Magaret
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christine Johnston
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jia Zhu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and
| | - David M Koelle
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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8
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Liu Q, Zheng Y, Sturmlechner I, Jain A, Own M, Yang Q, Zhang H, Pinto e Vairo F, Cerosaletti K, Buckner JH, Warrington KJ, Koster MJ, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. IKZF1 and UBR4 gene variants drive autoimmunity and Th2 polarization in IgG4-related disease. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e178692. [PMID: 38885295 PMCID: PMC11324302 DOI: 10.1172/jci178692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic immune-mediated fibroinflammatory disease whose pathomechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we identified gene variants in familial IgG4-RD and determined their functional consequences. All 3 affected members of the family shared variants of the transcription factor IKAROS, encoded by IKZF1, and the E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR4. The IKAROS variant increased binding to the FYN promoter, resulting in higher transcription of FYN in T cells. The UBR4 variant prevented the lysosomal degradation of the phosphatase CD45. In the presence of elevated FYN, CD45 functioned as a positive regulatory loop, lowering the threshold for T cell activation. Consequently, T cells from the affected family members were hyperresponsive to stimulation. When transduced with a low-avidity, autoreactive T cell receptor, their T cells responded to the autoantigenic peptide. In parallel, high expression of FYN in T cells biased their differentiation toward Th2 polarization by stabilizing the transcription factor JunB. This bias was consistent with the frequent atopic manifestations in patients with IgG4-RD, including the affected family members in the present study. Building on the functional consequences of these 2 variants, we propose a disease model that is not only instructive for IgG4-RD but also for atopic diseases and autoimmune diseases associated with an IKZF1 risk haplotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Filippo Pinto e Vairo
- Center for Individualized Medicine and Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Karen Cerosaletti
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jane H. Buckner
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington, USA
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9
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Diercks BP. The importance of Ca 2+ microdomains for the adaptive immune response. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119710. [PMID: 38522726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Calcium signaling stands out as the most widespread and universally used signaling system and is of utmost importance for immunity. Controlled elevations in cytosolic and organellar Ca2+ concentrations in T cells control complex and essential effector functions including proliferation, differentiation, cytokine secretion, and cytotoxicity, among others. Additionally, disruptions in Ca2+ regulation in T cells contribute to diverse autoimmune, inflammatory, and immunodeficiency conditions. Among the initial intracellular signals, which occurring even before T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation are highly localized, spatially and temporally restricted so-called Ca2+ microdomains, caused by adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins (ECM proteins). The Ca2+ microdomains present both before and within the initial seconds following TCR stimulation are likely to play a crucial role in fine-tuning the downstream activity of T cell activation and thus, shaping an adaptive immune response. In this review, the emphasis is on the recent advances of adhesion-dependent Ca2+ microdomains (ADCM) in the absence of TCR stimulation, initial Ca2+ microdomains evoked by TCR stimulation (TDCM), the downstream signaling processes as well as possible therapeutic targets for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn-Philipp Diercks
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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10
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Witt LT, Greenfield KG, Knoop KA. Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli induce distinct effector γδ T cell responses during neonatal sepsis. iScience 2024; 27:109669. [PMID: 38646164 PMCID: PMC11033170 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonates born prematurely are vulnerable to life-threatening conditions such as bacterial sepsis. Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) and Escherichia coli are frequent causative pathogens of neonatal sepsis, however, it remains unclear if these pathogens induce differential immune responses. We find that γδ T cells rapidly respond to single-organism GBS and E. coli bloodstream infections in neonatal mice. Furthermore, GBS and E. coli induce distinct cytokine production from IFN-γ and IL-17 producing γδ T cells, respectively. We also find that IL-17 production during E. coli infection is driven by γδTCR signaling, whereas IFN-γ production during GBS infection occurs independently of γδTCR signaling. The divergent effector responses of γδ T cells during GBS and E. coli infections impart distinctive neuroinflammatory phenotypes on the neonatal brain. Thus, the neonatal adaptive immune system differentially responds to distinct bacterial stimuli, resulting in unique neuroinflammatory phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila T. Witt
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN 55901, USA
- Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
| | | | - Kathryn A. Knoop
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN 55901, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA
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11
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Dobersberger M, Sumesgutner D, Zajc CU, Salzer B, Laurent E, Emminger D, Sylvander E, Lehner E, Teufl M, Seigner J, Bobbili MR, Kunert R, Lehner M, Traxlmayr MW. An engineering strategy to target activated EGFR with CAR T cells. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100728. [PMID: 38492569 PMCID: PMC11045874 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown remarkable response rates in hematological malignancies. In contrast, CAR T cell treatment of solid tumors is associated with several challenges, in particular the expression of most tumor-associated antigens at lower levels in vital organs, resulting in on-target/off-tumor toxicities. Thus, innovative approaches to improve the tumor specificity of CAR T cells are urgently needed. Based on the observation that many human solid tumors activate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on their surface through secretion of EGFR ligands, we developed an engineering strategy for CAR-binding domains specifically directed against the ligand-activated conformation of EGFR. We show, in several experimental systems, that the generated binding domains indeed enable CAR T cells to distinguish between active and inactive EGFR. We anticipate that this engineering concept will be an important step forward to improve the tumor specificity of CAR T cells directed against EGFR-positive solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Dobersberger
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, BOKU University, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Delia Sumesgutner
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, BOKU University, 1190 Vienna, Austria; CD Laboratory for Next Generation CAR T Cells, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlotte U Zajc
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, BOKU University, 1190 Vienna, Austria; CD Laboratory for Next Generation CAR T Cells, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Salzer
- CD Laboratory for Next Generation CAR T Cells, 1090 Vienna, Austria; St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, CCRI, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Laurent
- BOKU Core Facility Biomolecular & Cellular Analysis, BOKU University, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Emminger
- CD Laboratory for Next Generation CAR T Cells, 1090 Vienna, Austria; St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, CCRI, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elise Sylvander
- CD Laboratory for Next Generation CAR T Cells, 1090 Vienna, Austria; St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, CCRI, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Lehner
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, BOKU University, 1190 Vienna, Austria; CD Laboratory for Next Generation CAR T Cells, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Teufl
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, BOKU University, 1190 Vienna, Austria; CD Laboratory for Next Generation CAR T Cells, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacqueline Seigner
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, BOKU University, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, BOKU University, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Madhusudhan Reddy Bobbili
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, BOKU University, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Kunert
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, BOKU University, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Lehner
- CD Laboratory for Next Generation CAR T Cells, 1090 Vienna, Austria; St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, CCRI, 1090 Vienna, Austria; St. Anna Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael W Traxlmayr
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, BOKU University, 1190 Vienna, Austria; CD Laboratory for Next Generation CAR T Cells, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Tripathi A, Dasgupta D, Pant A, Bugbee A, Yellapu NK, Choi BHY, Giri S, Pyaram K. Nrf2 regulates the activation-driven expansion of CD4 + T-cells by differentially modulating glucose and glutamine metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.18.590146. [PMID: 38712097 PMCID: PMC11071319 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.18.590146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Upon antigenic stimulation, CD4 + T-cells undergo clonal expansion, elevating their bioenergetic demands and utilization of nutrients like glucose and glutamine. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a well-known regulator of oxidative stress, but its involvement in modulating the metabolism of CD4 + T-cells remains unexplored. Here, we elucidate the role of Nrf2 beyond the traditional antioxidation, in modulating activation-driven expansion of CD4 + T-cells by influencing their nutrient metabolism. T-cell-specific activation of Nrf2 enhances early activation and IL-2 secretion, upregulates TCR-signaling, and increases activation-driven proliferation of CD4 + T-cells. Mechanistically, high Nrf2 inhibits glucose metabolism through glycolysis but promotes glutamine metabolism via glutaminolysis to support increased T-cell proliferation. Further, Nrf2 expression is temporally regulated in activated CD4 + T-cells with elevated expression during the early activation, but decreased expression thereafter. Overall, our findings uncover a novel role of Nrf2 as a metabolic modulator of CD4 + T-cells, thus providing a framework for improving Nrf2-targeting therapies and T-cell immunotherapies.
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13
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Tone M, Iwahori K, Hirata M, Ueyama A, Tani A, Haruta JI, Takeda Y, Shintani Y, Kumanogoh A, Wada H. Tetracyclines enhance antitumor T-cell immunity via the Zap70 signaling pathway. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008334. [PMID: 38621815 PMCID: PMC11328671 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer immunotherapy including immune checkpoint inhibitors is only effective for a limited population of patients with cancer. Therefore, the development of novel cancer immunotherapy is anticipated. In preliminary studies, we demonstrated that tetracyclines enhanced T-cell responses. Therefore, we herein investigated the efficacy of tetracyclines on antitumor T-cell responses by human peripheral T cells, murine models, and the lung tumor tissues of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with a focus on signaling pathways in T cells. METHODS The cytotoxicity of peripheral and lung tumor-infiltrated human T cells against tumor cells was assessed by using bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) technology (BiTE-assay system). The effects of tetracyclines on T cells in the peripheral blood of healthy donors and the tumor tissues of patients with NSCLC were examined using the BiTE-assay system in comparison with anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibody, nivolumab. T-cell signaling molecules were analyzed by flow cytometry, ELISA, and qRT-PCR. To investigate the in vivo antitumor effects of tetracyclines, tetracyclines were administered orally to BALB/c mice engrafted with murine tumor cell lines, either in the presence or absence of anti-mouse CD8 inhibitors. RESULTS The results obtained revealed that tetracyclines enhanced antitumor T-cell cytotoxicity with the upregulation of granzyme B and increased secretion of interferon-γ in human peripheral T cells and the lung tumor tissues of patients with NSCLC. The analysis of T-cell signaling showed that CD69 in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was upregulated by minocycline. Downstream of T-cell receptor signaling, Zap70 phosphorylation and Nur77 were also upregulated by minocycline in the early phase after T-cell activation. These changes were not observed in T cells treated with anti-PD-1 antibodies under the same conditions. The administration of tetracyclines exhibited antitumor efficacy with the upregulation of CD69 and increases in tumor antigen-specific T cells in murine tumor models. These changes were canceled by the administration of anti-mouse CD8 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, tetracyclines enhanced antitumor T-cell immunity via Zap70 signaling. These results will contribute to the development of novel cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Tone
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kota Iwahori
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michinari Hirata
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Biopharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Azumi Ueyama
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Biopharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Tani
- Compound Library Screening Center, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Haruta
- Lead Explorating Units, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development - Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Wada
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Zhang L, Toboso-Navasa A, Gunawan A, Camara A, Nakagawa R, Katja F, Chakravarty P, Newman R, Zhang Y, Eilers M, Wack A, Tolar P, Toellner KM, Calado DP. Regulation of BCR-mediated Ca 2+ mobilization by MIZ1-TMBIM4 safeguards IgG1 + GC B cell-positive selection. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadk0092. [PMID: 38579014 PMCID: PMC7615907 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adk0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The transition from immunoglobulin M (IgM) to affinity-matured IgG antibodies is vital for effective humoral immunity. This is facilitated by germinal centers (GCs) through affinity maturation and preferential maintenance of IgG+ B cells over IgM+ B cells. However, it is not known whether the positive selection of the different Ig isotypes within GCs is dependent on specific transcriptional mechanisms. Here, we explored IgG1+ GC B cell transcription factor dependency using a CRISPR-Cas9 screen and conditional mouse genetics. We found that MIZ1 was specifically required for IgG1+ GC B cell survival during positive selection, whereas IgM+ GC B cells were largely independent. Mechanistically, MIZ1 induced TMBIM4, an ancestral anti-apoptotic protein that regulated inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-mediated calcium (Ca2+) mobilization downstream of B cell receptor (BCR) signaling in IgG1+ B cells. The MIZ1-TMBIM4 axis prevented mitochondrial dysfunction-induced IgG1+ GC cell death caused by excessive Ca2+ accumulation. This study uncovers a unique Ig isotype-specific dependency on a hitherto unidentified mechanism in GC-positive selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Immunity and Cancer, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Arief Gunawan
- Immunity and Cancer, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Rebecca Newman
- Immune Receptor Activation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin Eilers
- Theodor Boveri Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Pavel Tolar
- Immune Receptor Activation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kai-Michael Toellner
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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15
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Eichholz K, Fukazawa Y, Peterson CW, Haeseleer F, Medina M, Hoffmeister S, Duell DM, Varco-Merth BD, Dross S, Park H, Labriola CS, Axthelm MK, Murnane RD, Smedley JV, Jin L, Gong J, Rust BJ, Fuller DH, Kiem HP, Picker LJ, Okoye AA, Corey L. Anti-PD-1 chimeric antigen receptor T cells efficiently target SIV-infected CD4+ T cells in germinal centers. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e169309. [PMID: 38557496 PMCID: PMC10977982 DOI: 10.1172/jci169309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint marker commonly expressed on memory T cells and enriched in latently HIV-infected CD4+ T cells. We engineered an anti-PD-1 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to assess the impact of PD-1 depletion on viral reservoirs and rebound dynamics in SIVmac239-infected rhesus macaques (RMs). Adoptive transfer of anti-PD-1 CAR T cells was done in 2 SIV-naive and 4 SIV-infected RMs on antiretroviral therapy (ART). In 3 of 6 RMs, anti-PD-1 CAR T cells expanded and persisted for up to 100 days concomitant with the depletion of PD-1+ memory T cells in blood and tissues, including lymph node CD4+ follicular helper T (TFH) cells. Loss of TFH cells was associated with depletion of detectable SIV RNA from the germinal center (GC). However, following CAR T infusion and ART interruption, there was a marked increase in SIV replication in extrafollicular portions of lymph nodes, a 2-log higher plasma viremia relative to controls, and accelerated disease progression associated with the depletion of CD8+ memory T cells. These data indicate anti-PD-1 CAR T cells depleted PD-1+ T cells, including GC TFH cells, and eradicated SIV from this immunological sanctuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Eichholz
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yoshinori Fukazawa
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Christopher W. Peterson
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Francoise Haeseleer
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Manuel Medina
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Shelby Hoffmeister
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Derick M. Duell
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Varco-Merth
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Sandra Dross
- Washington National Primate Research Center (WaNPRC), Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Haesun Park
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Caralyn S. Labriola
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael K. Axthelm
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Robert D. Murnane
- Washington National Primate Research Center (WaNPRC), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeremy V. Smedley
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Lei Jin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jiaxin Gong
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Blake J. Rust
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Deborah H. Fuller
- Washington National Primate Research Center (WaNPRC), Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Louis J. Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Afam A. Okoye
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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16
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Sekiya T, Hidano S, Takaki S. Tonic TCR and IL-1β signaling mediate phenotypic alterations of naive CD4 + T cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113954. [PMID: 38492221 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Inert naive CD4+ T (TN) cells differentiate into functional T helper (Th) or regulatory T (Treg) cell subsets upon encountering antigens, mediating properly directed immune responses. Although all TN cells can differentiate into any of the Th and Treg cell subsets, heterogeneity exists among TN cells. By constructing reporter mice to detect ongoing T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, we identify that interleukin (IL)-1β signaling affects TN cell characteristics, independent of tonic TCR signaling, which also alters TN cell phenotypes. IL-1β reversibly attenuates the differentiation potential of TN cells toward Treg cells. IL-1β signaling is elevated in the splenic TN cells, consequently attenuating their differentiation potential toward Treg cells. Aberrant elevation of IL-1β signaling augments colitogenic activities of TN cells. TN cells in patients with colitis exhibited elevated IL-1β signaling. We demonstrate that phenotypic alteration in TN cells by IL-1β is an important mechanism in the regulation of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sekiya
- Section of Immune Response Modification, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516, Japan; Department of Immune Regulation, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516, Japan.
| | - Shinya Hidano
- Department of Immune Regulation, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takaki
- Department of Immune Regulation, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516, Japan
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17
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Lv Y, Luo X, Xie Z, Qiu J, Yang J, Deng Y, Long R, Tang G, Zhang C, Zuo J. Prospects and challenges of CAR-T cell therapy combined with ICIs. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1368732. [PMID: 38571495 PMCID: PMC10989075 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1368732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules are a group of molecules expressed on the surface of immune cells that primarily regulate their immune homeostasis. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is an immunotherapeutic technology that realizes tumor-targeted killing by constructing synthetic T cells expressing specific antigens through biotechnology. Currently, CAR-T cell therapy has achieved good efficacy in non-solid tumors, but its treatment of solid tumors has not yielded the desired results. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with CAR-T cell therapy is a novel combination therapy with high expectations to defeat solid tumors. This review addresses the challenges and expectations of this combination therapy in the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Lv
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xinyu Luo
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhuoyi Xie
- Transformation Research Lab, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jieya Qiu
- Transformation Research Lab, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jinsai Yang
- Computer Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yuqi Deng
- Transformation Research Lab, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Rou Long
- Transformation Research Lab, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyang Tang
- Transformation Research Lab, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chaohui Zhang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jianhong Zuo
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Transformation Research Lab, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Computer Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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18
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Witt LT, Greenfield KG, Knoop KA. Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli Induce Distinct Effector γδ T Cell Responses During Neonatal Sepsis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.02.560561. [PMID: 37873122 PMCID: PMC10592965 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Neonates born prematurely are highly vulnerable to life-threatening conditions such as bacterial sepsis. Streptococcus agalactiae, also known as group B Streptococcus (GBS) and Escherichia coli are frequent causative pathogens of neonatal sepsis, however, it remains unclear if distinct sepsis pathogens induce differential adaptive immune responses. In the present study, we find that γδ T cells in neonatal mice rapidly respond to single-organism GBS and E. coli bloodstream infections and that these pathogens induce distinct activation and cytokine production from IFN-γ and IL-17 producing γδ T cells, respectively. We also report differential reliance on γδTCR signaling to elicit effector cytokine responses during neonatal sepsis, with IL-17 production during E. coli infection being driven by γδTCR signaling, and IFN-γ production during GBS infection occurring independently of γδTCR signaling. Furthermore, we report that the divergent effector responses of γδ T cells during GBS and E. coli infections impart distinctive neuroinflammatory phenotypes on the neonatal brain. The present study reveals that the neonatal adaptive immune system differentially responds to distinct bacterial stimuli, resulting in unique neuroinflammatory phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila T Witt
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA 55901
- Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic
| | | | - Kathryn A Knoop
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA 55901
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic
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19
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Brock VJ, Lory NC, Möckl F, Birus M, Stähler T, Woelk LM, Jaeckstein M, Heeren J, Koch-Nolte F, Rissiek B, Mittrücker HW, Guse AH, Werner R, Diercks BP. Time-resolved role of P2X4 and P2X7 during CD8 + T cell activation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1258119. [PMID: 38426095 PMCID: PMC10902106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1258119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are a crucial part of the adaptive immune system, responsible for combating intracellular pathogens and tumor cells. The initial activation of T cells involves the formation of highly dynamic Ca2+ microdomains. Recently, purinergic signaling was shown to be involved in the formation of the initial Ca2+ microdomains in CD4+ T cells. In this study, the role of purinergic cation channels, particularly P2X4 and P2X7, in CD8+ T cell signaling from initial events to downstream responses was investigated, focusing on various aspects of T cell activation, including Ca2+ microdomains, global Ca2+ responses, NFAT-1 translocation, cytokine expression, and proliferation. While Ca2+ microdomain formation was significantly reduced in the first milliseconds to seconds in CD8+ T cells lacking P2X4 and P2X7 channels, global Ca2+ responses over minutes were comparable between wild-type (WT) and knockout cells. However, the onset velocity was reduced in P2X4-deficient cells, and P2X4, as well as P2X7-deficient cells, exhibited a delayed response to reach a certain level of free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). NFAT-1 translocation, a crucial transcription factor in T cell activation, was also impaired in CD8+ T cells lacking P2X4 and P2X7. In addition, the expression of IFN-γ, a major pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by activated CD8+ T cells, and Nur77, a negative regulator of T cell activation, was significantly reduced 18h post-stimulation in the knockout cells. In line, the proliferation of T cells after 3 days was also impaired in the absence of P2X4 and P2X7 channels. In summary, the study demonstrates that purinergic signaling through P2X4 and P2X7 enhances initial Ca2+ events during CD8+ T cell activation and plays a crucial role in regulating downstream responses, including NFAT-1 translocation, cytokine expression, and proliferation on multiple timescales. These findings suggest that targeting purinergic signaling pathways may offer potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J. Brock
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niels Christian Lory
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Möckl
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melina Birus
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Stähler
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena-Marie Woelk
- Department of Applied Medical Informatics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Jaeckstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Rissiek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Guse
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - René Werner
- Department of Applied Medical Informatics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn-Philipp Diercks
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Kellner AV, Hunter R, Do P, Eggert J, Jaffe M, Geitgey DK, Lee M, Hamilton JAG, Ross AJ, Ank RS, Bender RL, Ma R, Porter CC, Dreaden EC, Au-Yeung BB, Haynes KA, Henry CJ, Salaita K. The T-cell niche tunes immune function through modulation of the cytoskeleton and TCR-antigen forces. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.31.578101. [PMID: 38352441 PMCID: PMC10862838 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.31.578101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health crisis given its rampant growth and association with an increased risk for cancer. Interestingly, patients with obesity tend to have an increased tumor burden and decreased T-cell function. It remains unclear how obesity compromises T-cell mediated immunity. To address this question, we modeled the adipocyte niche using the secretome released from adipocytes as well as the niche of stromal cells and investigated how these factors modulated T-cell function. We found that the secretomes altered antigen-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) triggering and activation. RNA-sequencing analysis identified thousands of gene targets modulated by the secretome including those associated with cytoskeletal regulation and actin polymerization. We next used molecular force probes to show that T-cells exposed to the adipocyte niche display dampened force transmission to the TCR-antigen complex and conversely, stromal cell secreted factors lead to significantly enhanced TCR forces. These results were then validated in diet-induced obese mice. Importantly, secretome-mediated TCR force modulation mirrored the changes in T-cell functional responses in human T-cells using the FDA-approved immunotherapy, blinatumomab. Thus, this work shows that the adipocyte niche contributes to T-cell dysfunction through cytoskeletal modulation and reduces TCR triggering by dampening TCR forces consistent with the mechanosensor model of T-cell activation.
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21
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Teixeira AP, Fussenegger M. Synthetic Gene Circuits for Regulation of Next-Generation Cell-Based Therapeutics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309088. [PMID: 38126677 PMCID: PMC10885662 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Arming human cells with synthetic gene circuits enables to expand their capacity to execute superior sensing and response actions, offering tremendous potential for innovative cellular therapeutics. This can be achieved by assembling components from an ever-expanding molecular toolkit, incorporating switches based on transcriptional, translational, or post-translational control mechanisms. This review provides examples from the three classes of switches, and discusses their advantages and limitations to regulate the activity of therapeutic cells in vivo. Genetic switches designed to recognize internal disease-associated signals often encode intricate actuation programs that orchestrate a reduction in the sensed signal, establishing a closed-loop architecture. Conversely, switches engineered to detect external molecular or physical cues operate in an open-loop fashion, switching on or off upon signal exposure. The integration of such synthetic gene circuits into the next generation of chimeric antigen receptor T-cells is already enabling precise calibration of immune responses in terms of magnitude and timing, thereby improving the potency and safety of therapeutic cells. Furthermore, pre-clinical engineered cells targeting other chronic diseases are gathering increasing attention, and this review discusses the path forward for achieving clinical success. With synthetic biology at the forefront, cellular therapeutics holds great promise for groundbreaking treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Teixeira
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH ZurichKlingelbergstrasse 48BaselCH‐4056Switzerland
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH ZurichKlingelbergstrasse 48BaselCH‐4056Switzerland
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of BaselKlingelbergstrasse 48BaselCH‐4056Switzerland
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22
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Ford ES, Li A, Laing KJ, Dong L, Diem K, Jing L, Basu K, Ott M, Tartaglia J, Gurunathan S, Reid JL, Ecsedi M, Chapuis AG, Huang ML, Magaret AS, Johnston C, Zhu J, Koelle DM, Corey L. Expansion of the HSV-2-specific T cell repertoire in skin after immunotherapeutic HSV-2 vaccine. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2022.02.04.22270210. [PMID: 38352384 PMCID: PMC10863019 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.04.22270210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The skin at the site of HSV-2 reactivation is enriched for HSV-2-specific T cells. To evaluate whether an immunotherapeutic vaccine could elicit skin-based memory T cells, we studied skin biopsies and HSV-2-reactive CD4+ T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by T cell receptor β (TRB) sequencing before and after vaccination with a replication-incompetent whole virus HSV-2 vaccine candidate (HSV529). The representation of HSV-2-reactive CD4+ TRB sequences from PBMCs in the skin TRB repertoire increased after the first vaccine dose. We found sustained expansion after vaccination of unique, skin-based T-cell clonotypes that were not detected in HSV-2-reactive CD4+ T cells isolated from PBMCs. In one participant a switch in immunodominance occurred with the emergence of a T cell receptor (TCR) αβ pair after vaccination that was not detected in blood. This TCRαβ was shown to be HSV-2-reactive by expression of a synthetic TCR in a Jurkat-based NR4A1 reporter system. The skin in areas of HSV-2 reactivation possesses an oligoclonal TRB repertoire that is distinct from the circulation. Defining the influence of therapeutic vaccination on the HSV-2-specific TRB repertoire requires tissue-based evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Ford
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle WA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Alvason Li
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle WA
| | - Kerry J Laing
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Lichun Dong
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Kurt Diem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Lichen Jing
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Krithi Basu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Mariliis Ott
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | | | | | - Jack L Reid
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle WA
| | - Matyas Ecsedi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle WA
| | - Aude G Chapuis
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle WA
| | - Meei-Li Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Amalia S Magaret
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle WA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Christine Johnston
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle WA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Jia Zhu
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle WA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - David M Koelle
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle WA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle WA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle WA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle WA
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23
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Talvard-Balland N, Lambert M, Chevalier MF, Minet N, Salou M, Tourret M, Bohineust A, Milo I, Parietti V, Yvorra T, Socié G, Lantz O, Caillat-Zucman S. Human MAIT cells inhibit alloreactive T cell responses and protect against acute graft-versus-host disease. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e166310. [PMID: 38300704 PMCID: PMC11143928 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of immunoregulatory cells can prevent or ameliorate graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which remains the main cause of nonrelapse mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells were recently associated with tissue repair capacities and with lower rates of GVHD in humans. Here, we analyzed the immunosuppressive effect of MAIT cells in an in vitro model of alloreactivity and explored their adoptive transfer in a preclinical xenogeneic GVHD model. We found that MAIT cells, whether freshly purified or short-term expanded, dose-dependently inhibited proliferation and activation of alloreactive T cells. In immunodeficient mice injected with human PBMCs, MAIT cells greatly delayed GVHD onset and decreased severity when transferred early after PBMC injection but could also control ongoing GVHD when transferred at delayed time points. This effect was associated with decreased proliferation and effector function of human T cells infiltrating tissues of diseased mice and was correlated with lower circulating IFN-γ and TNF-α levels and increased IL-10 levels. MAIT cells acted partly in a contact-dependent manner, which likely required direct interaction of their T cell receptor with MHC class I-related molecule (MR1) induced on host-reactive T cells. These results support the setup of clinical trials using MAIT cells as universal therapeutic tools to control severe GVHD or mucosal inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Talvard-Balland
- INSERM UMR-976 HIPI, Saint Louis Research Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marion Lambert
- INSERM UMR-976 HIPI, Saint Louis Research Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu F. Chevalier
- INSERM UMR-976 HIPI, Saint Louis Research Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Norbert Minet
- INSERM UMR-976 HIPI, Saint Louis Research Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marion Salou
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Marie Tourret
- INSERM UMR-976 HIPI, Saint Louis Research Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Armelle Bohineust
- INSERM UMR-976 HIPI, Saint Louis Research Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Idan Milo
- INSERM UMR-976 HIPI, Saint Louis Research Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Parietti
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CNRS, UMS Saint-Louis (US53/UAR2030), Paris, France
| | - Thomas Yvorra
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3666, INSERM U1143, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Socié
- INSERM UMR-976 HIPI, Saint Louis Research Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Hematology Transplantation, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lantz
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Centre d’investigation Clinique en Biothérapie Gustave-Roussy Institut Curie (CIC-BT1428), Paris, France
| | - Sophie Caillat-Zucman
- INSERM UMR-976 HIPI, Saint Louis Research Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Immunology Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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24
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Son YM, Cheon IS, Li C, Sun J. Persistent B Cell-Derived MHC Class II Signaling Is Required for the Optimal Maintenance of Tissue-Resident Helper T Cells. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:163-171. [PMID: 38345472 PMCID: PMC10916357 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have identified the critical roles of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (TRM) and B (BRM) cells in the protection against mucosal viral infections, but the underlying mechanisms regulating robust development of TRM and BRM cells remain incompletely understood. We have recently shown that tissue-resident helper CD4+ T (TRH) cells, developed following influenza virus infection, function to sustain the optimal maintenance of TRM and BRM cells at the mucosal surface. In this study, we have explored the cellular and molecular cues modulating lung TRH persistence after influenza infection in C57BL/6 mice. We found that TRH cells were colocalized in tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) with local B cells. Abolishing TLSs or the depletion of B cells impaired lung TRH cell numbers. Of note, we found that persistent TCR signaling is needed for the maintenance of TRH cells after the clearance of infectious influenza virus. Furthermore, selective ablation of B cell-derived MHC class II resulted in partial reduction of lung TRH cell number after influenza infection. Our findings suggest that the interaction between lung-resident TRH cells and B cells, along with persistent Ag stimulation, is required to maintain TRH cells after respiratory viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Son
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
| | - In Su Cheon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Chaofan Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Jie Sun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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25
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Ono E, Lenief V, Lefevre MA, Cuzin R, Guironnet-Paquet A, Mosnier A, Nosbaum A, Nicolas JF, Vocanson M. Topical corticosteroids inhibit allergic skin inflammation but are ineffective in impeding the formation and expansion of resident memory T cells. Allergy 2024; 79:52-64. [PMID: 37539746 DOI: 10.1111/all.15819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue-resident memory T (TRM ) cells are detrimental in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), in which they contribute to the chronicity and severity of the disease. METHODS We assessed the impact of a standard topical corticosteroid (TCS) treatment, triamcinolone acetonide (TA), on the formation, maintenance and reactivation of epidermal TRM cells in a preclinical model of ACD to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. TA 0.01% was applied at different time points of ACD response and we monitored skin inflammation and tracked CD8+ CD69+ CD103+ TRM by flow cytometry and RNA sequencing. RESULTS The impact of TA on TRM formation depended on treatment regimen: (i) in a preventive mode, that is, in sensitized mice before challenge, TA transiently inhibited the infiltration of effector T cells and the accumulation of TRM upon hapten challenge. In contrast, (ii) in a curative mode, that is, at the peak of the ACD response, TA blocked skin inflammation but failed to prevent the formation of TRM . Finally, (iii) in a proactive mode, that is, on previous eczema lesions, TA had no effect on the survival of skin TRM , but transiently inhibited their reactivation program upon allergen reexposure. Indeed, specific TRM progressively regained proliferative functions upon TA discontinuation and expanded in the tissue, leading to exaggerated iterative responses. Interestingly, TRM re-expansion correlated with the decreased clearance of hapten moieties from the skin induced by repeated TA applications. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that TCS successfully treat ACD inflammation, but are mostly ineffective in impeding the formation and expansion of allergen-specific TRM , which certainly restricts the induction of lasting tolerance in patients with chronic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Ono
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Vanina Lenief
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Marine-Alexia Lefevre
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Roxane Cuzin
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Guironnet-Paquet
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5308, Lyon, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Auvergne Rhône-Alpes, Apheresis Unit, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Amandine Mosnier
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Nosbaum
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5308, Lyon, France
- Allergology and Clinical Immunology Department, Lyon Sud University Hospital, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Jean-Francois Nicolas
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5308, Lyon, France
- Allergology and Clinical Immunology Department, Lyon Sud University Hospital, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Marc Vocanson
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5308, Lyon, France
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26
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Wheeler BD, Gagnon JD, Zhu WS, Muñoz-Sandoval P, Wong SK, Simeonov DS, Li Z, DeBarge R, Spitzer MH, Marson A, Ansel KM. The lncRNA Malat1 inhibits miR-15/16 to enhance cytotoxic T cell activation and memory cell formation. eLife 2023; 12:RP87900. [PMID: 38127070 PMCID: PMC10735224 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper activation of cytotoxic T cells via the T cell receptor and the costimulatory receptor CD28 is essential for adaptive immunity against viruses, intracellular bacteria, and cancers. Through biochemical analysis of RNA:protein interactions, we uncovered a non-coding RNA circuit regulating activation and differentiation of cytotoxic T cells composed of the long non-coding RNA Malat1 (Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1) and the microRNA family miR-15/16. miR-15/16 is a widely and highly expressed tumor suppressor miRNA family important for cell proliferation and survival. miR-15/16 play important roles in T cell responses to viral infection, including the regulation of antigen-specific T cell expansion and memory. Comparative Argonaute-2 high-throughput sequencing of crosslinking immunoprecipitation (AHC) combined with gene expression profiling in normal and miR-15/16-deficient mouse T cells revealed a large network of hundreds of direct miR-15/16 target mRNAs, many with functional relevance for T cell activation, survival and memory formation. Among these targets, Malat1 contained the largest absolute magnitude miR-15/16-dependent AHC peak. This binding site was among the strongest lncRNA:miRNA interactions detected in the T cell transcriptome. We used CRISPR targeting with homology directed repair to generate mice with a 5-nucleotide mutation in the miR-15/16-binding site in Malat1. This mutation interrupted Malat1:miR-15/16 interaction, and enhanced the repression of other miR-15/16 target genes, including CD28. Interrupting Malat1 interaction with miR-15/16 decreased cytotoxic T cell activation, including the expression of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and a broader CD28-responsive gene program. Accordingly, Malat1 mutation diminished memory cell persistence in mice following LCMV Armstrong and Listeria monocytogenes infection. This study marks a significant advance in the study of long non-coding RNAs in the immune system by ascribing cell-intrinsic, sequence-specific in vivo function to Malat1. These findings have implications for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, antiviral and anti-tumor immunity, as well as lung adenocarcinoma and other malignancies where Malat1 is overexpressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Wheeler
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - John D Gagnon
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Wandi S Zhu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Priscila Muñoz-Sandoval
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Simon K Wong
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Dimitre S Simeonov
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Zhongmei Li
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic ImmunologySan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Rachel DeBarge
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic ImmunologySan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic ImmunologySan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Alexander Marson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic ImmunologySan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Medicine, University of California San FranciscoLexingtonUnited States
| | - K Mark Ansel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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27
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Lee K, Park J, Tanno H, Georgiou G, Diamond B, Kim SJ. Peripheral T cell activation, not thymic selection, expands the T follicular helper repertoire in a lupus-prone murine model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309780120. [PMID: 37983487 PMCID: PMC10691248 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309780120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Many autoimmune diseases are characterized by the activation of autoreactive T cells. The T cell repertoire is established in the thymus; it remains uncertain whether the presence of disease-associated autoreactive T cells reflects abnormal T cell selection in the thymus or aberrant T cell activation in the periphery. Here, we describe T cell selection, activation, and T cell repertoire diversity in female mice deficient for B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein (BLIMP)-1 in dendritic cells (DCs) (Prdm1 CKO). These mice exhibit a lupus-like phenotype with an expanded population of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells having a more diverse T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire than wild-type mice and, in turn, develop a lupus-like pathology. To understand the origin of the aberrant Tfh population, we analyzed the TCR repertoire of thymocytes and naive CD4 T cells from Prdm1 CKO mice. We show that early development and selection of T cells in the thymus are not affected. Importantly, however, we observed increased TCR signal strength and increased proliferation of naive T cells cultured in vitro with antigen and BLIMP1-deficient DCs compared to control DCs. Moreover, there was increased diversity in the TCR repertoire in naive CD4+ T cells stimulated in vitro with BLIMP1-deficient DCs. Collectively, our data indicate that lowering the threshold for peripheral T cell activation without altering thymic selection and naive T cell TCR repertoire leads to an expanded repertoire of antigen-activated T cells and impairs peripheral T cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungwoo Lee
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY11030
- Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY11549
| | - Juyeon Park
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Hidetaka Tanno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
- Cancer Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo156-8506, Japan
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Betty Diamond
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY11030
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health-Hofstra School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY11549
| | - Sun Jung Kim
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY11030
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health-Hofstra School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY11549
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28
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Sharma G, Round J, Teng F, Ali Z, May C, Yung E, Holt RA. A Synthetic Cytotoxic T cell Platform for Rapidly Prototyping TCR Function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.20.567960. [PMID: 38045272 PMCID: PMC10690155 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.567960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Current tools for functionally profiling T cell receptors with respect to cytotoxic potency and cross-reactivity are hampered by difficulties in establishing model systems to test these proteins in the contexts of different HLA alleles and against broad arrays of potential antigens. We have implemented and validated a granzyme-activatable sensor of T cell cytotoxicity in a novel universal prototyping platform which enables facile recombinant expression of any combination of TCR-, peptide-, and class I MHC-coding sequences and direct assessment of resultant responses. This system consists of an engineered cell platform based on the immortalized natural killer cell line, YT-Indy, and the MHC-null antigen-presenting cell line, K562. These cells were engineered using contemporary gene-editing techniques to furnish the YT-Indy/K562 pair with appropriate protein domains required for recombinant TCR expression and function in a non-T cell chassis, integrate a fluorescence-based target-centric early detection reporter of cytotoxic function, and deploy a set of protective genetic interventions designed to preserve antigen-presenting cells for subsequent capture and downstream characterization. Our data show successful reconstitution of the surface TCR complex in the YT-Indy cell line at biologically relevant levels. We also demonstrate successful induction and highly sensitive detection of antigen-specific response in multiple distinct model TCRs, with significant responses (p < 0.05 and Cohen's d >1.9) in all cases. Additionally, we monitored destruction of targets in co-culture and found that our survival-optimized system allowed for complete preservation after 24-hour exposure to cytotoxic effectors. With this bioplatform, we anticipate investigators will be empowered to rapidly express and characterize T cell receptor responses, generate new knowledge regarding the patterns of T cell receptor recognition, and optimize novel therapeutic T cell receptors for improved cytotoxic potential and reduced cross-reactivity to undesired antigenic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Sharma
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre; British Columbia Cancer Research Institute; 675 W 10 Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3; Canada
| | - James Round
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre; British Columbia Cancer Research Institute; 675 W 10 Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3; Canada
| | - Fei Teng
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre; British Columbia Cancer Research Institute; 675 W 10 Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3; Canada
| | - Zahra Ali
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre; British Columbia Cancer Research Institute; 675 W 10 Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3; Canada
| | - Chris May
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre; British Columbia Cancer Research Institute; 675 W 10 Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3; Canada
| | - Eric Yung
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre; British Columbia Cancer Research Institute; 675 W 10 Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3; Canada
| | - Robert A. Holt
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre; British Columbia Cancer Research Institute; 675 W 10 Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3; Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; C201 – 4500 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1; Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; Simon Fraser University; SSB8166 – 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6; Canada
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Hägglöf T, Parthasarathy R, Liendo N, Dudley EA, Leadbetter EA. RIPK1 deficiency prevents thymic NK1.1 expression and subsequent iNKT cell development. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1103591. [PMID: 37965338 PMCID: PMC10642909 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1103591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase 1 (RIPK1) and caspase-8 (Casp8) jointly orchestrate apoptosis, a key mechanism for eliminating developing T cells which have autoreactive or improperly arranged T cell receptors. Mutations in the scaffolding domain of Ripk1 gene have been identified in humans with autoinflammatory diseases like Cleavage Resistant RIPK1 Induced Autoinflammatory (CRIA) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. RIPK1 protein also contributes to conventional T cell differentiation and peripheral T cell homeostasis through its scaffolding domain in a cell death independent context. Ripk1 deficient mice do not survive beyond birth, so we have studied the function of this kinase in vivo against a backdrop Ripk3 and Casp8 deficiency which allows the mice to survive to adulthood. These studies reveal a key role for RIPK1 in mediating NK1.1 expression, including on thymic iNKT cells, which is a key requirement for thymic stage 2 to stage 3 transition as well as iNKT cell precursor development. These results are consistent with RIPK1 mediating responses to TcR engagement, which influence NK1.1 expression and iNKT cell thymic development. We also used in vivo and in vitro stimulation assays to confirm a role for both Casp8 and RIPK1 in mediating iNKT cytokine effector responses. Finally, we also noted expanded and hyperactivated iNKT follicular helper (iNKTFH) cells in both DKO (Casp8-, Ripk3- deficient) and TKO mice (Ripk1-, Casp8-, Ripk3- deficient). Thus, while RIPK1 and Casp8 jointly facilitate iNKT effector function, RIPK1 uniquely influenced thymic iNKT cell development most likely by regulating molecular responses to T cell receptor engagement. iNKT developmental and functional aberrances were not evident in mice expressing a kinase-dead version of RIPK1 (RIPK1kd), indicating that the scaffolding function of this protein exerts the critical regulation of iNKT cells. Our findings suggest that small molecule inhibitors of RIPK1 could be used to regulate iNKT cell development and effector function to alleviate autoinflammatory conditions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hägglöf
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Raksha Parthasarathy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Nathaniel Liendo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- St Mary’s University, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Leadbetter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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30
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Aigner-Radakovics K, De Sousa Linhares A, Salzer B, Lehner M, Izadi S, Castilho A, Pickl WF, Leitner J, Steinberger P. The ligand-dependent suppression of TCR signaling by the immune checkpoint receptor LAG3 depends on the cytoplasmic RRFSALE motif. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadg2610. [PMID: 37788323 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adg2610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3) is an inhibitory immune checkpoint receptor that restrains autoimmune and antitumor responses, but its evolutionarily conserved cytoplasmic tail lacks classical inhibitory motifs. Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) is an established LAG3 ligand, and fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1), lymph node sinusoidal endothelial cell C-type lectin (LSECtin), and Galectin-3 have been proposed as alternative binding partners that play important roles in LAG3 function. Here, we used a fluorescent human T cell reporter system to study the function of LAG3. We found that LAG3 reduced the response to T cell receptor stimulation in the presence of MHC class II molecules to a lesser extent compared with the receptor programmed cell death protein 1. Analysis of deletion mutants demonstrated that the RRFSALE motif in the cytoplasmic tail of LAG3 was necessary and sufficient for LAG3-mediated inhibition. In this system, FGL1, but not LSECtin or Galectin-3, acted as a LAG3 ligand that weakly induced inhibition. LAG3-blocking antibodies attenuated LAG3-mediated inhibition in our reporter cells and enhanced reporter cell activation even in the absence of LAG3 ligands, indicating that they could potentially enhance T cell responses independently of their blocking effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Aigner-Radakovics
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annika De Sousa Linhares
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Salzer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Next Generation CAR T Cells, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Lehner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Next Generation CAR T Cells, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shiva Izadi
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology and Cell Biology (IPBT), Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology (DAGZ), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Castilho
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology and Cell Biology (IPBT), Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology (DAGZ), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner University, Krems, Austria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Vienna, Austria
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31
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Paiola M, McGuire CC, Lopez Ruiz V, De Jesús Andino F, Robert J. Larval T Cells Are Functionally Distinct from Adult T Cells in Xenopus laevis. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:696-707. [PMID: 37870488 PMCID: PMC10615653 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The amphibian Xenopus laevis tadpole provides a unique comparative experimental organism for investigating the roles of innate-like T (iT) cells in tolerogenic immunity during early development. Unlike mammals and adult frogs, where conventional T cells are dominant, tadpoles rely mostly on several prominent distinct subsets of iT cells interacting with cognate nonpolymorphic MHC class I-like molecules. In the present study, to investigate whole T cell responsiveness ontogenesis in X. laevis, we determined in tadpoles and adult frogs the capacity of splenic T cells to proliferate in vivo upon infection with two different pathogens, ranavirus FV3 and Mycobacterium marinum, as well as in vitro upon PHA stimulation using the thymidine analogous 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine and flow cytometry. We also analyzed by RT-quantitative PCR T cell responsiveness upon PHA stimulation. In vivo tadpole splenic T cells showed limited capacity to proliferate, whereas the in vitro proliferation rate was higher than adult T cells. Gene markers for T cell activation and immediate-early genes induced upon TCR activation were upregulated with similar kinetics in tadpole and adult splenocytes. However, the tadpole T cell signature included a lower amplitude in the TCR signaling, which is a hallmark of mammalian memory-like T cells and iT or "preset" T cells. This study suggests that reminiscent of mammalian neonatal T cells, tadpole T cells are functionally different from their adult counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Paiola
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Connor C. McGuire
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Vania Lopez Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | | | - Jacques Robert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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Ray A, Bassette M, Hu KH, Pass LF, Samad B, Combes A, Johri V, Davidson B, Hernandez G, Zaleta-Linares I, Krummel MF. Multimodal identification of rare potent effector CD8 T cells in solid tumors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.26.559470. [PMID: 37808790 PMCID: PMC10557647 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.26.559470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Antitumor immunity is driven by CD8 T cells, yet we lack signatures for the exceptional effectors in tumors, amongst the vast majority of CD8 T cells undergoing exhaustion. By leveraging the measurement of a canonical T cell activation protein (CD69) together with its RNA (Cd69), we found a larger classifier for TCR stimulation-driven effector states in vitro and in vivo. This revealed exceptional 'star' effectors-highly functional cells distinguished amidst progenitor and terminally exhausted cells. Although rare in growing mouse and human tumors, they are prominent in mice during T cell-mediated tumor clearance, where they engage with tumor antigen and are superior in tumor cell killing. Employing multimodal CITE-Seq allowed de novo identification of similar rare effectors amidst T cell populations in human cancer. The identification of rare and exceptional immune states provides rational avenues for enhancement of antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arja Ray
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Molly Bassette
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kenneth H Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lomax F Pass
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bushra Samad
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alexis Combes
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Vrinda Johri
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Brittany Davidson
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Grace Hernandez
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Itzia Zaleta-Linares
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew F Krummel
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Page A, Delles M, Nègre D, Costa C, Fusil F, Cosset FL. Engineering B cells with customized therapeutic responses using a synthetic circuit. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:1-14. [PMID: 37359346 PMCID: PMC10285500 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of genetic engineering has brought a new dimension for synthetic immunology. Immune cells are perfect candidates because of their ability to patrol the body, interact with many cell types, proliferate upon activation, and differentiate in memory cells. This study aimed at implementing a new synthetic circuit in B cells, allowing the expression of therapeutic molecules in a temporally and spatially restricted manner that is induced by the presence of specific antigens. This should enhance endogenous B cell functions in terms of recognition and effector properties. We developed a synthetic circuit encoding a sensor (a membrane-anchored B cell receptor targeting a model antigen), a transducer (a minimal promoter induced by the activated sensor), and effector molecules. We isolated a 734-bp-long fragment of the NR4A1 promoter, specifically activated by the sensor signaling cascade in a fully reversible manner. We demonstrate full antigen-specific circuit activation as its recognition by the sensor induced the activation of the NR4A1 promoter and the expression of the effector. Overall, such novel synthetic circuits offer huge possibilities for the treatment of many pathologies, as they are completely programmable; thus, the signal-specific sensors and effector molecules can be adapted to each disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Page
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, University Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, 46 Allée d’Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Marie Delles
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, University Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, 46 Allée d’Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Didier Nègre
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, University Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, 46 Allée d’Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Costa
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, University Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, 46 Allée d’Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Floriane Fusil
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, University Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, 46 Allée d’Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - François-Loïc Cosset
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, University Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, 46 Allée d’Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
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34
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Ramirez De Oleo I, Kim V, Atisha-Fregoso Y, Shih AJ, Lee K, Diamond B, Kim SJ. Phenotypic and functional characteristics of murine CD11c+ B cells which is suppressed by metformin. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241531. [PMID: 37744368 PMCID: PMC10512061 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the description of age-associated or autoimmune-associated B cells (ABCs), there has been a growing interest in the role of these cells in autoimmunity. ABCs are differently defined depending on the research group and are heterogenous subsets. Here, we sought to characterize ABCs in Sle1/2/3 triple congenic (TC) mice, which is a well accepted mouse model of lupus. Compared to follicular (FO) B cells, ABCs have many distinct functional properties, including antigen presentation. They express key costimulatory molecules for T cell activation and a distinct profile of cytokines. Moreover, they exhibit an increased capacity for antigen uptake. ABCs were also compared with germinal center (GC) B cells, which are antigen activated B cell population. There are several phenotypic similarities between ABCs and GC B cells, but GC B cells do not produce proinflammatory cytokines or take up antigen. While T cell proliferation and activation is induced by both FO B and ABCs in an antigen-dependent manner, ABCs induce stronger T cell receptor signaling in naïve CD4+ T cells and preferentially induce differentiation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. We found that ABCs exhibit a distinct transcriptomic profile which is focused on metabolism, cytokine signaling and antigen uptake and processing. ABCs exhibit an increase in both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation compared to FO B cells. Treatment of ABCs with metformin suppresses antigen presentation by decreasing antigen uptake, resulting in decreased Tfh differentiation. Taken together, these findings define a fundamental connection between metabolism and function within ABCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ramirez De Oleo
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Vera Kim
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Yemil Atisha-Fregoso
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Andrew J. Shih
- Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Kyungwoo Lee
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Biology at Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Betty Diamond
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Sun Jung Kim
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
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35
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Nagashima K, Zhao A, Atabakhsh K, Bae M, Blum JE, Weakley A, Jain S, Meng X, Cheng AG, Wang M, Higginbottom S, Dimas A, Murugkar P, Sattely ES, Moon JJ, Balskus EP, Fischbach MA. Mapping the T cell repertoire to a complex gut bacterial community. Nature 2023; 621:162-170. [PMID: 37587342 PMCID: PMC10948025 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Certain bacterial strains from the microbiome induce a potent, antigen-specific T cell response1-5. However, the specificity of microbiome-induced T cells has not been explored at the strain level across the gut community. Here, we colonize germ-free mice with complex defined communities (roughly 100 bacterial strains) and profile T cell responses to each strain. The pattern of responses suggests that many T cells in the gut repertoire recognize several bacterial strains from the community. We constructed T cell hybridomas from 92 T cell receptor (TCR) clonotypes; by screening every strain in the community against each hybridoma, we find that nearly all the bacteria-specific TCRs show a one-to-many TCR-to-strain relationship, including 13 abundant TCR clonotypes that each recognize 18 Firmicutes. By screening three pooled bacterial genomic libraries, we discover that these 13 clonotypes share a single target: a conserved substrate-binding protein from an ATP-binding cassette transport system. Peripheral regulatory T cells and T helper 17 cells specific for an epitope from this protein are abundant in community-colonized and specific pathogen-free mice. Our work reveals that T cell recognition of commensals is focused on widely conserved, highly expressed cell-surface antigens, opening the door to new therapeutic strategies in which colonist-specific immune responses are rationally altered or redirected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Nagashima
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aishan Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katayoon Atabakhsh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Minwoo Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jamie E Blum
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Allison Weakley
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sunit Jain
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiandong Meng
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alice G Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steven Higginbottom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alex Dimas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth S Sattely
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily P Balskus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Fischbach
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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36
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Faust MA, Rasé VJ, Lamb TJ, Evavold BD. What's the Catch? The Significance of Catch Bonds in T Cell Activation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:333-342. [PMID: 37459191 PMCID: PMC10732538 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
One of the main goals in T cell biology has been to investigate how TCR recognition of peptide:MHC (pMHC) determines T cell phenotype and fate. Ag recognition is required to facilitate survival, expansion, and effector function of T cells. Historically, TCR affinity for pMHC has been used as a predictor for T cell fate and responsiveness, but there have now been several examples of nonfunctional high-affinity clones and low-affinity highly functional clones. Recently, more attention has been paid to the TCR being a mechanoreceptor where the key biophysical determinant is TCR bond lifetime under force. As outlined in this review, the fundamental parameters between the TCR and pMHC that control Ag recognition and T cell triggering are affinity, bond lifetime, and the amount of force at which the peak lifetime occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Faust
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Viva J Rasé
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Tracey J Lamb
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Brian D Evavold
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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37
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Seok J, Cho SD, Lee J, Choi Y, Kim SY, Lee SM, Kim SH, Jeong S, Jeon M, Lee H, Kim AR, Choi B, Ha SJ, Jung I, Yoon KJ, Park JE, Kim JH, Kim BJ, Shin EC, Park SH. A virtual memory CD8 + T cell-originated subset causes alopecia areata through innate-like cytotoxicity. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1308-1317. [PMID: 37365384 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01547-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Virtual memory T (TVM) cells are a T cell subtype with a memory phenotype but no prior exposure to foreign antigen. Although TVM cells have antiviral and antibacterial functions, whether these cells can be pathogenic effectors of inflammatory disease is unclear. Here we identified a TVM cell-originated CD44super-high(s-hi)CD49dlo CD8+ T cell subset with features of tissue residency. These cells are transcriptionally, phenotypically and functionally distinct from conventional CD8+ TVM cells and can cause alopecia areata. Mechanistically, CD44s-hiCD49dlo CD8+ T cells could be induced from conventional TVM cells by interleukin (IL)-12, IL-15 and IL-18 stimulation. Pathogenic activity of CD44s-hiCD49dlo CD8+ T cells was mediated by NKG2D-dependent innate-like cytotoxicity, which was further augmented by IL-15 stimulation and triggered disease onset. Collectively, these data suggest an immunological mechanism through which TVM cells can cause chronic inflammatory disease by innate-like cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Seok
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Dong Cho
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsoo Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseo Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Stem Cell Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- The Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongju Jeong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Jeon
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyoung Lee
- The Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - A Reum Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Baekgyu Choi
- Department of Biological Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyung Jung
- Department of Biological Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jun Yoon
- Department of Biological Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Stem Cell Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- The Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- The Center for Epidemic Preparedness, KAIST Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Wheeler BD, Gagnon JD, Zhu WS, Muñoz-Sandoval P, Wong SK, Simeonov DR, Li Z, Debarge R, Spitzer MH, Marson A, Ansel KM. The lncRNA Malat1 Inhibits miR-15/16 to Enhance Cytotoxic T Cell Activation and Memory Cell Formation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.14.536843. [PMID: 37547023 PMCID: PMC10401941 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.14.536843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Proper activation of cytotoxic T cells via the T cell receptor and the costimulatory receptor CD28 is essential for adaptive immunity against viruses, many intracellular bacteria and cancers. Through biochemical analysis of RNA:protein interactions, we uncovered a non-coding RNA circuit regulating activation and differentiation of cytotoxic T cells composed of the long non-coding RNA Malat1 (Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1) and the microRNA family miR-15/16. miR-15/16 is a widely and highly expressed tumor suppressor miRNA family important for cell proliferation and survival. miR-15/16 also play important roles in T cell responses to viral infection, including the regulation of antigen-specific T cell expansion and T cell memory. Comparative Argonaute-2 high throughput sequencing of crosslinking immunoprecipitation (Ago2 HITS-CLIP, or AHC) combined with gene expression profiling in normal and miR-15/16-deficient T cells revealed a large network of several hundred direct miR-15/16 target mRNAs, many with functional relevance for T cell activation, survival and memory formation. Among these targets, the long non-coding RNA Malat1 contained the largest absolute magnitude miR-15/16-dependent AHC peak in T cells. This binding site was also among the strongest lncRNA:miRNA interactions detected in the T cell transcriptome. We used CRISPR targeting with homology directed repair to generate mice with a 5-nucleotide mutation in the miR-15/16 binding site in Malat1. This mutation interrupted Malat1:miR-15/16 interaction, and enhanced the repression of other miR-15/16 target genes, including CD28. Interrupting Malat1 interaction with miR-15/16 decreased cytotoxic T cell activation, including the expression of IL-2 and a broader CD28-responsive gene program. Accordingly, Malat1 mutation diminished memory cell persistence following LCMV Armstrong and Listeria monocytogenes infection. This study marks a significant advance in the study of long noncoding RNAs in the immune system by ascribing cell-intrinsic, sequence-specific in vivo function to Malat1. These findings have implications for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, antiviral and anti-tumor immunity, as well as lung adenocarcinoma and other malignancies where Malat1 is overexpressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Wheeler
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John D Gagnon
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wandi S Zhu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Priscila Muñoz-Sandoval
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Simon K Wong
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dimitre R Simeonov
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Zhongmei Li
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Rachel Debarge
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Alexander Marson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - K Mark Ansel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Hao Y, Miraghazadeh B, Chand R, Davies AR, Cardinez C, Kwong K, Downes MB, Sweet RA, Cañete PF, D'Orsogna LJ, Fulcher DA, Choo S, Yip D, Peters G, Yip S, Witney MJ, Nekrasov M, Feng ZP, Tscharke DC, Vinuesa CG, Cook MC. CTLA4 protects against maladaptive cytotoxicity during the differentiation of effector and follicular CD4 + T cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2023:10.1038/s41423-023-01027-8. [PMID: 37161048 PMCID: PMC10166697 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As chronic antigenic stimulation from infection and autoimmunity is a feature of primary antibody deficiency (PAD), analysis of affected patients could yield insights into T-cell differentiation and explain how environmental exposures modify clinical phenotypes conferred by single-gene defects. CD57 marks dysfunctional T cells that have differentiated after antigenic stimulation. Indeed, while circulating CD57+ CD4+ T cells are normally rare, we found that they are increased in patients with PAD and markedly increased with CTLA4 haploinsufficiency or blockade. We performed single-cell RNA-seq analysis of matched CD57+ CD4+ T cells from blood and tonsil samples. Circulating CD57+ CD4+ T cells (CD4cyt) exhibited a cytotoxic transcriptome similar to that of CD8+ effector cells, could kill B cells, and inhibited B-cell responses. CTLA4 restrained the formation of CD4cyt. While CD57 also marked an abundant subset of follicular helper T cells, which is consistent with their antigen-driven differentiation, this subset had a pre-exhaustion transcriptomic signature marked by TCF7, TOX, and ID3 expression and constitutive expression of CTLA4 and did not become cytotoxic even after CTLA4 inhibition. Thus, CD57+ CD4+ T-cell cytotoxicity and exhaustion phenotypes are compartmentalised between blood and germinal centers. CTLA4 is a key modifier of CD4+ T-cell cytotoxicity, and the pathological CD4cyt phenotype is accentuated by infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Hao
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Bahar Miraghazadeh
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Rochna Chand
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ainsley R Davies
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Chelisa Cardinez
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kristy Kwong
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Morgan B Downes
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Rebecca A Sweet
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Pablo F Cañete
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lloyd J D'Orsogna
- Department of Immunology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David A Fulcher
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sharon Choo
- Department of Immunology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Desmond Yip
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sonia Yip
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Unit, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew J Witney
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Maxim Nekrasov
- The ACRF Biomolecular Resource Facility, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Zhi-Ping Feng
- ANU Bioinformatics Consultancy, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - David C Tscharke
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Carola G Vinuesa
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Matthew C Cook
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
- Translational Research Unit, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
- ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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40
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Bending D, Zikherman J. Nr4a nuclear receptors: markers and modulators of antigen receptor signaling. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 81:102285. [PMID: 36764055 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Nr4a1-3 encode a small family of orphan nuclear hormone receptors with transcriptional activity. Their expression reflects both acute and chronic antigen-receptor signaling in T and B-cells, and they have been implicated in critical aspects of lymphocyte development, tolerance, and function. These include roles in regulatory T-cell (Treg), thymic-negative selection, humoral responses, anergy, and exhaustion. Here, we review recent advances in this field such as functional roles in B-cells, transcriptional targets, and mechanism of action. We highlight recurrent themes, including integration of antigen-receptor signaling with costimulatory input, as well as unanswered questions and translational applications of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bending
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Julie Zikherman
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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41
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Yin X, He L, Guo Z. T-cell exhaustion in CAR-T-cell therapy and strategies to overcome it. Immunology 2023. [PMID: 36942414 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour immunotherapy has achieved good therapeutic effects in clinical practice and has received increased attention. Cytotoxic T cells undoubtedly play an important role in tumour immunotherapy. As a revolutionary tumour immunotherapy approach, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T-cell) therapy has made breakthroughs in the treatment of haematological cancers. However, T cells are easily exhausted in vivo, especially after they enter solid tumours. The exhaustion of T cells can lead to poor results of CAR-T-cell therapy in the treatment of solid tumours. Here, we review the reasons for T-cell exhaustion and how T-cell exhaustion develops. We also review and discuss ways to improve CAR-T-cell therapy effects by regulating T-cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lingfeng He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- CAR-T R&D, Nanjing Blue Shield Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210023, China
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42
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Mandarano AH, Harris TL, Creasy BM, Wehenkel M, Duggar M, Wilander BA, Mishra A, Crawford JC, Mullen SA, Williams KM, Pillai M, High AA, McGargill MA. DRAK2 contributes to type 1 diabetes by negatively regulating IL-2 sensitivity to alter regulatory T cell development. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112106. [PMID: 36773294 PMCID: PMC10412737 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Drak2-deficient (Drak2-/-) mice are resistant to multiple models of autoimmunity yet effectively eliminate pathogens and tumors. Thus, DRAK2 represents a potential target to treat autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms by which DRAK2 contributes to autoimmunity, particularly type 1 diabetes (T1D), remain unresolved. Here, we demonstrate that resistance to T1D in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice is due to the absence of Drak2 in T cells and requires the presence of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Contrary to previous hypotheses, we show that DRAK2 does not limit TCR signaling. Rather, DRAK2 regulates IL-2 signaling by inhibiting STAT5A phosphorylation. We further demonstrate that enhanced sensitivity to IL-2 in the absence of Drak2 augments thymic Treg development. Overall, our data indicate that DRAK2 contributes to autoimmunity in multiple ways by regulating thymic Treg development and by impacting the sensitivity of conventional T cells to Treg-mediated suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra H Mandarano
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Tarsha L Harris
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Blaine M Creasy
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Marie Wehenkel
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Marygrace Duggar
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Benjamin A Wilander
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ashutosh Mishra
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jeremy Chase Crawford
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sarah A Mullen
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Katherine M Williams
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Meenu Pillai
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Anthony A High
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Maureen A McGargill
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Yadav N, Patel H, Parmar R, Patidar M, Dalai SK. TCR-signals downstream adversely correlate with the survival signals of memory CD8 + T cells under homeostasis. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152354. [PMID: 36854249 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The significance of self-peptide-MHC-I/TCR (SMT) interaction in the survival of CD8+ T cells during naïve- and developmental-stages is well documented. However, the same for the memory stage is contentious. Previous studies have attempted to address the issue using MHC-I or TCR deficient systems, but inconsistent findings with memory CD8+ T cells of different TCR specificities have complicated the interpretation. Differential presence and/or processing of TCR-signals downstream in memory CD8+ T cells of different TCR specificities could be thought of as a reason. In this study, we examined the TCR-signals downstream in memory CD8+ T cells and compared them to the presence of survival-related signals (Annexin-V, Bcl-2, and Ki-67). We categorically tracked foreign antigen-experienced memory CD8+ T (TM) cells generated after Plasmodium pre-erythrocytic-stage malaria infection in C57BL/6 mice. Interestingly, we found that memory CD8+ T cells had more TCR-signals downstream than naive cells. We reasoned and attributed the increased expression of cell adhesion molecules to the enhanced TCR-signaling. TCR-signals downstream correlate more closely with survival signals in naive CD8+ T cells than with death signals in TM cells. Further investigation using antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and diverse infection systems would aid in conceptualizing the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Yadav
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Hardik Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India; Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rajesh Parmar
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Manoj Patidar
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India; Department of Zoology, Govt. College Manawar, Dhar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sarat K Dalai
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India.
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Lowe MM, Cohen JN, Moss MI, Clancy S, Adler J, Yates A, Naik HB, Pauli M, Taylor I, McKay A, Harris H, Kim E, Hansen SL, Rosenblum MD, Moreau JM. Tertiary Lymphoid Structures Sustain Cutaneous B cell Activity in Hidradenitis Suppurativa. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.14.528504. [PMID: 36824918 PMCID: PMC9949072 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.14.528504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) skin lesions are highly inflammatory and characterized by a large immune infiltrate. While B cells and plasma cells comprise a major component of this immune milieu the biology and contribution of these cells in HS pathogenesis is unclear. Objective We aimed to investigate the dynamics and microenvironmental interactions of B cells within cutaneous HS lesions. Methods We combined histological analysis, single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq), and spatial transcriptomic profiling of HS lesions to define the tissue microenvironment relative to B cell activity within this disease. Results Our findings identify tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) within HS lesions and describe organized interactions between T cells, B cells, antigen presenting cells and skin stroma. We find evidence that B cells within HS TLS actively undergo maturation, including participation in germinal center reactions and class switch recombination. Moreover, skin stroma and accumulating T cells are primed to support the formation of TLS and facilitate B cell recruitment during HS. Conclusion Our data definitively demonstrate the presence of TLS in lesional HS skin and point to ongoing cutaneous B cell maturation through class switch recombination and affinity maturation during disease progression in this inflamed non-lymphoid tissue.
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Seok J, Cho SD, Seo SJ, Park SH. Roles of Virtual Memory T Cells in Diseases. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e11. [PMID: 36911806 PMCID: PMC9995991 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory T cells that mediate fast and effective protection against reinfections are usually generated upon recognition on foreign Ags. However, a "memory-like" T-cell population, termed virtual memory T (TVM) cells that acquire a memory phenotype in the absence of foreign Ag, has been reported. Although, like innate cells, TVM cells reportedly play a role in first-line defense to bacterial or viral infections, their protective or pathological roles in immune-related diseases are largely unknown. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of TVM cells, focusing on their distinct characteristics, immunological properties, and roles in various immune-related diseases, such as infections and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Seok
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Sung-Dong Cho
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seong Jun Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.,The Center for Epidemic Preparedness, KAIST Institute, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Hou D, Castro B, Dapash M, Zolp A, Katz J, Arrieta V, Biermann J, Melms J, Kueckelhaus J, Benotmane J, Youngblood M, Rashidi A, Billingham L, Dmello C, Vazquez-Cervantes G, Lopez-Rosas A, Han Y, Patel R, Chia TY, Sun L, Prins R, Izar B, Heiland DH, Zhang P, Sonabend A, Miska J, Lesniak M, Zhao J, Lee-Chang C. B-cells Drive Response to PD-1 Blockade in Glioblastoma Upon Neutralization of TGFβ-mediated Immunosuppression. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2399170. [PMID: 36711497 PMCID: PMC9882679 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2399170/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment but has yet to be translated into brain tumors. Studies in other solid tumors suggest a central role of B-cell immunity in driving immune-checkpoint-blockade efficacy. Using single-cell and single-nuclei transcriptomics of human glioblastoma and melanoma brain metastasis, we found that tumor-associated B-cells have high expression of checkpoint molecules, known to block B-cell-receptor downstream effector function such as plasmablast differentiation and antigen-presentation. We also identified TGFβ-1/TGFβ receptor-2 interaction as a crucial modulator of B-cell suppression. Treatment of glioblastoma patients with pembrolizumab induced expression of B-cell checkpoint molecules and TGFβ-receptor-2. Abrogation of TGFβ using different conditional knockouts expanded germinal-center-like intratumoral B-cells, enhancing immune-checkpoint-blockade efficacy. Finally, blocking αVβ8 integrin (which controls the release of active TGFβ) and PD-1 significantly increased B-cell-dependent animal survival and immunological memory. Our study highlights the importance of intratumoral B-cell immunity and a remodeled approach to boost the effects of immunotherapy against brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jason Miska
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
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47
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Amititeloaie C, Chelaru L, Geleţu GL, Sava A, Jităreanu A, Tibeică AM, Costuleanu M. Apoptosis of pro-B lymphocytes induced by NR4A1 activation in the presence of gingival fibroblast exosomes and TNFα, caspase 8, STAT3, and Akt pathways modulators. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2023; 64:35-40. [PMID: 37128789 PMCID: PMC10257780 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.64.1.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of data in the mainstream literature regarding the interactions between gingival fibroblasts, as a component of the local niche, and tumor precursors of B-lymphocytes. Although it is known that the development of tumors and tumor precursors depends on the local environment's characteristics. In order to experimentally evaluate the apoptosis of pro-B type lymphocytes, induced as a result of the known activation of orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1), through Cytosporone B (Csn-B, 10 μM), in the presence or absence of exosomes derived from gingival fibroblasts, we administered as a treatment: 1 μM R-7050 [functional inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)], 1 μM Z-IETD-FMK (functional inhibitor of caspase 8), 1 μM GSK690693 (functional inhibitor of Akt 1∕2∕3 pathways) and, last but not least, 1 μM scutellarin [functional inhibitor of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL)] and therefore of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. Firstly, it is really clear that the presence of exosomes in the pro-B lymphocytes culture medium amplified the apoptotic effects of 10 μM Csn-B. The inhibition of tumoral precursors development, namely the pro-B type, might be highly dependent on the inhibition of Akt 1∕2∕3 pathways, the first and most important consequence being apoptosis induced by the activation of NR4A1 orphan nuclear receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Amititeloaie
- PhD Student, Department of Dentoalveolar and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Liliana Chelaru
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Luminiţa Geleţu
- Department of Implantology, Removable Restorations, and Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Anca Sava
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Jităreanu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Andreea Mihaela Tibeică
- PhD Student, Department of Dentoalveolar and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Marcel Costuleanu
- Department of Dentoalveolar and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania
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48
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Lu W, Helou YA, Shrinivas K, Liou J, Au-Yeung BB, Weiss A. The phosphatidylinositol-transfer protein Nir3 promotes PI(4,5)P 2 replenishment in response to TCR signaling during T cell development and survival. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:136-147. [PMID: 36581712 PMCID: PMC9810531 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) by phospholipase C-γ (PLCγ1) represents a critical step in T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling and subsequent thymocyte and T cell responses. PIP2 replenishment following its depletion in the plasma membrane (PM) is dependent on delivery of its precursor phosphatidylinositol (PI) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the PM. We show that a PI transfer protein (PITP), Nir3 (Pitpnm2), promotes PIP2 replenishment following TCR stimulation and is important for T cell development. In Nir3-/- T lineage cells, the PIP2 replenishment following TCR stimulation is slower. Nir3 deficiency attenuates calcium mobilization in double-positive (DP) thymocytes in response to weak TCR stimulation. This impaired TCR signaling leads to attenuated thymocyte development at TCRβ selection and positive selection as well as diminished mature T cell fitness in Nir3-/- mice. This study highlights the importance of PIP2 replenishment mediated by PITPs at ER-PM junctions during TCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lu
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Departments of Medicine and of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ynes A Helou
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Departments of Medicine and of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Clade Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Krishna Shrinivas
- NSF-Simons Center for Mathematical & Statistical Analysis of Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jen Liou
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Byron B Au-Yeung
- Division of Immunology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arthur Weiss
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Departments of Medicine and of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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49
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Oladipo OO, Adedeji BO, Adedokun SP, Gbadamosi JA, Salaudeen M. Regulation of effector and memory CD8 + T cell differentiation: a focus on orphan nuclear receptor NR4A family, transcription factor, and metabolism. Immunol Res 2022; 71:314-327. [PMID: 36571657 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CD8 + T cells undergo rapid expansion followed by contraction and the development of memory cells after their receptors are activated. The development of immunological memory following acute infection is a complex phenomenon that involves several molecular, transcriptional, and metabolic mechanisms. As memory cells confer long-term protection and respond to secondary stimulation with strong effector function, understanding the mechanisms that influence their development is of great importance. Orphan nuclear receptors, NR4As, are immediate early genes that function as transcription factors and bind with the NBRE region of chromatin. Interestingly, the NBRE region of activated CD8 + T cells is highly accessible at the same time the expression of NR4As is induced. This suggests a potential role of NR4As in the early events post T cell activation that determines cell fate decisions. In this review, we will discuss the influence of NR4As on the differentiation of CD8 + T cells during the immune response to acute infection and the development of immunological memory. We will also discuss the signals, transcription factors, and metabolic mechanisms that control cell fate decisions. HIGHLIGHTS: Memory CD8 + T cells are an essential subset that mediates long-term protection after pathogen encounters. Some specific environmental cues, transcriptional factors, and metabolic pathways regulate the differentiation of CD8 + T cells and the development of memory cells. Orphan nuclear receptor NR4As are early genes that act as transcription factors and are highly expressed post-T cell receptor activation. NR4As influence the effector function and differentiation of CD8 + T cells and also control the development of immunological memory following acute infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo O Oladipo
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
- College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Bernard O Adedeji
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Samson P Adedokun
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Jibriil A Gbadamosi
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Marzuq Salaudeen
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
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50
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Elliot TAE, Jennings EK, Lecky DAJ, Rouvray S, Mackie GM, Scarfe L, Sheriff L, Ono M, Maslowski KM, Bending D. Nur77-Tempo mice reveal T cell steady state antigen recognition. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 1:kyac009. [PMID: 36704407 PMCID: PMC7614040 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In lymphocytes, Nr4a gene expression is specifically regulated by antigen receptor signalling, making them ideal targets for use as distal T cell receptor (TCR) reporters. Nr4a3-Timer of cell kinetics and activity (Tocky) mice are a ground-breaking tool to report TCR-driven Nr4a3 expression using Fluorescent Timer protein (FT). FT undergoes a time-dependent shift in its emission spectrum following translation, allowing for the temporal reporting of transcriptional events. Our recent work suggested that Nr4a1/Nur77 may be a more sensitive gene to distal TCR signals compared to Nr4a3, so we, therefore, generated Nur77-Timer-rapidly-expressed-in-lymphocytes (Tempo) mice that express FT under the regulation of Nur77. We validated the ability of Nur77-Tempo mice to report TCR and B cell receptor signals and investigated the signals regulating Nur77-FT expression. We found that Nur77-FT was sensitive to low-strength TCR signals, and its brightness was graded in response to TCR signal strength. Nur77-FT detected positive selection signals in the thymus, and analysis of FT expression revealed that positive selection signals are often persistent in nature, with most thymic Treg expressing FT Blue. We found that active TCR signals in the spleen are low frequency, but CD69+ lymphoid T cells are enriched for FT Blue+ Red+ T cells, suggesting frequent TCR signalling. In non-lymphoid tissue, we saw a dissociation of FT protein from CD69 expression, indicating that tissue residency is not associated with tonic TCR signals. Nur77-Tempo mice, therefore, combine the temporal dynamics from the Tocky innovation with increased sensitivity of Nr4a1 to lower TCR signal strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. E. Elliot
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emma K. Jennings
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - David A. J. Lecky
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sophie Rouvray
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gillian M. Mackie
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lisa Scarfe
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lozan Sheriff
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Kendle M. Maslowski
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - David Bending
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK,Correspondence: David Bending, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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