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Deng R, Wang X, Li R. Dermatophyte infection: from fungal pathogenicity to host immune responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1285887. [PMID: 38022599 PMCID: PMC10652793 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1285887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytosis is a common superficial infection caused by dermatophytes, a group of pathogenic keratinophilic fungi. Apart from invasion against skin barrier, host immune responses to dermatophytes could also lead to pathologic inflammation and tissue damage to some extent. Therefore, it is of great help to understand the pathogenesis of dermatophytes, including fungal virulence factors and anti-pathogen immune responses. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in host-fungal interactions, focusing on the mechanisms of anti-fungal immunity and the relationship between immune deficiency and chronic dermatophytosis, in order to facilitate novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to improve the outcomes of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Deng
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
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2
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Generalov E, Yakovenko L. Receptor basis of biological activity of polysaccharides. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:1209-1222. [PMID: 37975017 PMCID: PMC10643635 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides, the most diverse forms of organic molecules in nature, exhibit a large number of different biological activities, such as immunomodulatory, radioprotective, antioxidant, regenerative, metabolic, signaling, antitumor, and anticoagulant. The reaction of cells to a polysaccharide is determined by its specific interaction with receptors present on the cell surface, the type of cells, and their condition. The effect of many polysaccharides depends non-linearly on their concentration. The same polysaccharide in different conditions can have very different effects on cells and organisms, up to the opposite; therefore, when conducting studies of the biological activity of polysaccharides, both for the purpose of developing new drugs or approaches to the treatment of patients, and in order to clarify the features of intracellular processes, information about already known research results is needed. There is a lot of scattered data on the biological activities of polysaccharides, but there are few reviews that would consider natural polysaccharides from various sources and possible molecular mechanisms of their action. The purpose of this review is to present the main results published at different times in order to facilitate the search for information necessary for conducting relevant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Generalov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Leonid Yakovenko
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
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3
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Mayo KH. Heterologous Interactions with Galectins and Chemokines and Their Functional Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14083. [PMID: 37762385 PMCID: PMC10531749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra- and intra-cellular activity occurs under the direction of numerous inter-molecular interactions, and in any tissue or cell, molecules are densely packed, thus promoting those molecular interactions. Galectins and chemokines, the focus of this review, are small, protein effector molecules that mediate various cellular functions-in particular, cell adhesion and migration-as well as cell signaling/activation. In the past, researchers have reported that combinations of these (and other) effector molecules act separately, yet sometimes in concert, but nevertheless physically apart and via their individual cell receptors. This view that each effector molecule functions independently of the other limits our thinking about functional versatility and cooperation, and, in turn, ignores the prospect of physiologically important inter-molecular interactions, especially when both molecules are present or co-expressed in the same cellular environment. This review is focused on such protein-protein interactions with chemokines and galectins, the homo- and hetero-oligomeric structures that they can form, and the functional consequences of those paired interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota Health Sciences Center, 6-155 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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4
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Sun M, Ju J, Xu H, Wang Y. Intestinal fungi and antifungal secretory immunoglobulin A in Crohn's disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1177504. [PMID: 37359518 PMCID: PMC10285161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1177504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract harbors trillions of commensal microorganisms. Emerging evidence points to a possible link between intestinal fungal dysbiosis and antifungal mucosal immunity in inflammatory bowel disease, especially in Crohn's disease (CD). As a protective factor for the gut mucosa, secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) prevents bacteria from invading the intestinal epithelium and maintains a healthy microbiota community. In recent years, the roles of antifungal SIgA antibodies in mucosal immunity, including the regulation of intestinal immunity binding to hyphae-associated virulence factors, are becoming increasingly recognized. Here we review the current knowledge on intestinal fungal dysbiosis and antifungal mucosal immunity in healthy individuals and in patients with CD, discuss the factors governing antifungal SIgA responses in the intestinal mucosa in the latter group, and highlight potential antifungal vaccines targeting SIgA to prevent CD.
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5
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Sumiya K, Izumi H, Sakurai K. Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy of Immunostimulatory CpG-ODN by Silencing SOCS-1 with Polysaccharide/miR-155 Complexes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:774-783. [PMID: 36632777 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
For the induction of antigen-specific immune responses, adjuvants as well as antigens are essential. CpG-ODN is a potent agonist of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and is known as an adjuvant to induce cellular immune responses. We previously developed a therapeutic oligonucleotide delivery system based on the formation of a complex between schizophyllan (SPG), a kind of β-1,3-glucan, and poly(dA), which actively delivered CpG-ODN to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the draining lymph nodes and induced antigen-specific immune responses. However, unfortunately, the signaling pathway of TLR9 is negatively regulated by an intracellular protein called suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1), which suppresses the adjuvant effect of CpG-ODN. To solve this, we focused on microRNA-155 (miR-155), which regulates innate and autoimmune processes by targeting SOCS-1. In this study, we proposed a strategy of combining miR-155 and CpG-ODN, each complexed with SPG (denoted as SPG/miR-155 and SPG/CpG, respectively), to induce a more potent immune response. As a result, we showed that the efficient delivery of miR-155 to APCs by a complex form could induce much more potent cellular immune responses than SPG/CpG alone. Furthermore, the mice treated with the combination of SPG/miR-155 and SPG/CpG showed a long delay in tumor growth occurrence and improved survival after tumor inoculation. These results indicate the possibility of therapeutic strategies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Sumiya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka808-0135, Japan
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Isegaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka807-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka808-0135, Japan
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6
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Fuchsberger FF, Kim D, Baranova N, Vrban H, Kagelmacher M, Wawrzinek R, Rademacher C. Information transfer in mammalian glycan-based communication. eLife 2023; 12:69415. [PMID: 36803584 PMCID: PMC10014076 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan-binding proteins, so-called lectins, are exposed on mammalian cell surfaces and decipher the information encoded within glycans translating it into biochemical signal transduction pathways in the cell. These glycan-lectin communication pathways are complex and difficult to analyze. However, quantitative data with single-cell resolution provide means to disentangle the associated signaling cascades. We chose C-type lectin receptors (CTLs) expressed on immune cells as a model system to study their capacity to transmit information encoded in glycans of incoming particles. In particular, we used nuclear factor kappa-B-reporter cell lines expressing DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), macrophage C-type lectin (MCL), dectin-1, dectin-2, and macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (MINCLE), as well as TNFαR and TLR-1&2 in monocytic cell lines and compared their transmission of glycan-encoded information. All receptors transmit information with similar signaling capacity, except dectin-2. This lectin was identified to be less efficient in information transmission compared to the other CTLs, and even when the sensitivity of the dectin-2 pathway was enhanced by overexpression of its co-receptor FcRγ, its transmitted information was not. Next, we expanded our investigation toward the integration of multiple signal transduction pathways including synergistic lectins, which is crucial during pathogen recognition. We show how the signaling capacity of lectin receptors using a similar signal transduction pathway (dectin-1 and dectin-2) is being integrated by compromising between the lectins. In contrast, co-expression of MCL synergistically enhanced the dectin-2 signaling capacity, particularly at low-glycan stimulant concentration. By using dectin-2 and other lectins as examples, we demonstrate how signaling capacity of dectin-2 is modulated in the presence of other lectins, and therefore, the findings provide insight into how immune cells translate glycan information using multivalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix F Fuchsberger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdamGermany
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
| | - Dongyoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdamGermany
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
| | - Natalia Baranova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
| | - Hanka Vrban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
| | - Marten Kagelmacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdamGermany
| | - Robert Wawrzinek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdamGermany
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdamGermany
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics University of Vienna, Max F. Perutz LabsViennaAustria
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7
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Jang J, Kim B, Jhang SY, Ahn B, Kang M, Park C, Cho ES, Kim YS, Park W, Kim H. Population differentiated copy number variation between Eurasian wild boar and domesticated pig populations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1115. [PMID: 36670113 PMCID: PMC9859782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sus scrofa is a globally distributed livestock species that still maintains two different ways of life: wild and domesticated. Herein, we detected copy number variation (CNV) of 328 animals using short read alignment on Sscrofa11.1. We compared CNV among five groups of porcine populations: Asian domesticated (AD), European domesticated (ED), Asian wild (AW), European wild (EW), and Near Eastern wild (NEW). In total, 21,673 genes were identified on 154,872 copy number variation region (CNVR). Differences in gene copy numbers between populations were measured by considering the variance-based value [Formula: see text] and the one-way ANOVA test followed by Scheffe test. As a result, 111 genes were suggested as copy number variable genes. Abnormally gained copy number on EEA1 in all populations was suggested the presence of minor CNV in the reference genome assembly, Sscrofa11.1. Copy number variable genes were related to meat quality, immune response, and reproduction traits. Hierarchical clustering of all individuals and mean pairwise [Formula: see text] in breed level were visualized genetic relationship of 328 individuals and 56 populations separately. Our findings have shown how the complex history of pig evolution appears in genome-wide CNV of various populations with different regions and lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisung Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongsang Kim
- eGnome, Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yun Jhang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- eGnome, Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongyong Ahn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Mingue Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Eun Seok Cho
- Swine Science Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Young-Sin Kim
- Swine Science Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Woncheoul Park
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- eGnome, Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Schick J, Altunay M, Lacorcia M, Marschner N, Westermann S, Schluckebier J, Schubart C, Bodendorfer B, Christensen D, Alexander C, Wirtz S, Voehringer D, da Costa CP, Lang R. IL-4 and helminth infection downregulate MINCLE-dependent macrophage response to mycobacteria and Th17 adjuvanticity. eLife 2023; 12:72923. [PMID: 36753434 PMCID: PMC9908076 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The myeloid C-type lectin receptor (CLR) MINCLE senses the mycobacterial cell wall component trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (TDM). Recently, we found that IL-4 downregulates MINCLE expression in macrophages. IL-4 is a hallmark cytokine in helminth infections, which appear to increase the risk for mycobacterial infection and active tuberculosis. Here, we investigated functional consequences of IL-4 and helminth infection on MINCLE-driven macrophage activation and Th1/Th17 adjuvanticity. IL-4 inhibited MINCLE and cytokine induction after macrophage infection with Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Infection of mice with BCG upregulated MINCLE on myeloid cells, which was inhibited by IL-4 plasmid injection and by infection with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in monocytes. To determine the impact of helminth infection on MINCLE-dependent immune responses, we vaccinated mice with a recombinant protein together with the MINCLE ligand trehalose-6,6-dibehenate (TDB) as adjuvant. Concurrent infection with N. brasiliensis or with Schistosoma mansoni promoted T cell-derived IL-4 production and suppressed Th1/Th17 differentiation in the spleen. In contrast, helminth infection did not reduce Th1/Th17 induction by TDB in draining peripheral lymph nodes, where IL-4 levels were unaltered. Upon use of the TLR4-dependent adjuvant G3D6A, N. brasiliensis infection impaired selectively the induction of splenic antigen-specific Th1 but not of Th17 cells. Inhibition of MINCLE-dependent Th1/Th17 responses in mice infected with N. brasiliensis was dependent on IL-4/IL-13. Thus, helminth infection attenuated the Th17 response to MINCLE-dependent immunization in an organ- and adjuvant-specific manner via the Th2 cytokines IL-4/IL-13. Taken together, our results demonstrate downregulation of MINCLE expression on monocytes and macrophages by IL-4 as a possible mechanism of thwarted Th17 vaccination responses by underlying helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schick
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Meltem Altunay
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Matthew Lacorcia
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Center for Global Health, Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany,Center for Global Health, Technical University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Nathalie Marschner
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Stefanie Westermann
- Infektionsbiologische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Julia Schluckebier
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Center for Global Health, Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany,Center for Global Health, Technical University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Christoph Schubart
- Infektionsbiologische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Barbara Bodendorfer
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Adjuvant Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum InstitutCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Christian Alexander
- Cellular Microbiology, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center BorstelBorstelGermany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - David Voehringer
- Infektionsbiologische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Clarissa Prazeres da Costa
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Center for Global Health, Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany,Center for Global Health, Technical University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Roland Lang
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany
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Fisher J, Gonzales C, Chroust Z, Liang Y, Soong L. Orientia tsutsugamushi Infection Stimulates Syk-Dependent Responses and Innate Cytosolic Defenses in Macrophages. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010053. [PMID: 36678402 PMCID: PMC9861896 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Orientia tsutsugamushi is an obligately intracellular bacterium and an etiological agent of scrub typhus. Human studies and animal models of scrub typhus have shown robust type 1-skewed proinflammatory responses during severe infection. Macrophages (MΦ) play a critical role in initiating such responses, yet mechanisms of innate recognition for O. tsutsugamushi remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether Syk-dependent C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) contribute to innate immune recognition and the generation of proinflammatory responses. To validate the role of CLRs in scrub typhus, we infected murine bone marrow-derived MΦ with O. tsutsugamushi in the presence of selective Syk inhibitors and analyzed a panel of CLRs and proinflammatory markers via qRT-PCR. We found that Mincle/Clec4a and Clec5a transcription was significantly abrogated upon Syk inhibition at 6 h of infection. The effect of Syk inhibition on Mincle protein expression was validated via Western blot. Syk-inhibited MΦ had diminished expression of type 1 cytokines/chemokines (Il12p40, Tnf, Il27p28, Cxcl1) during infection. Additionally, expression of innate immune cytosolic sensors (Mx1 and Oas1-3) was highly induced in the brain of lethally infected mice. We established that Mx1 and Oas1 expression was reduced in Syk-inhibited MΦ, while Oas2, Oas3, and MerTK were not sensitive to Syk inhibition. This study reveals that Syk-dependent CLRs contribute to inflammatory responses against O. tsutsugamushi. It also provides the first evidence for Syk-dependent activation of intracellular defenses during infection, suggesting a role of pattern recognition receptor crosstalk in orchestrating macrophage-mediated responses to this poorly studied bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Fisher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA
| | - Casey Gonzales
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA
| | - Zachary Chroust
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA
| | - Yuejin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (L.S.)
| | - Lynn Soong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (L.S.)
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10
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Progranulin aggravates lethal Candida albicans sepsis by regulating inflammatory response and antifungal immunity. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010873. [PMID: 36121866 PMCID: PMC9521894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most frequent pathogen of fungal sepsis associated with substantial mortality in critically ill patients and those who are immunocompromised. Identification of novel immune-based therapeutic targets from a better understanding of its molecular pathogenesis is required. Here, we reported that the production of progranulin (PGRN) levels was significantly increased in mice after invasive C.albicans infection. Mice that lacked PGRN exhibited attenuated kidney injury and increased survival upon a lethal systemic infection with C. albicans. In mice, PGRN deficiency protected against systemic candidiasis by decreasing aberrant inflammatory reactions that led to renal immune cell apoptosis and kidney injury, and by enhancing antifungal capacity of macrophages and neutrophils that limited fungal burden in the kidneys. PGRN in hematopoietic cell compartment was important for this effect. Moreover, anti-PGRN antibody treatment limited renal inflammation and fungal burden and prolonged survival after invasive C. albicans infection. In vitro, PGRN loss increased phagocytosis, phagosome formation, reactive oxygen species production, neutrophil extracellular traps release, and killing activity in macrophages or neutrophils. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that PGRN loss up-regulated Dectin-2 expression, and enhanced spleen tyrosine kinase phosphorylation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation in macrophages and neutrophils. In summary, we identified PGRN as a critical factor that contributes to the immunopathology of invasive C.albicans infection, suggesting that targeting PGRN might serve as a novel treatment for fungal infection.
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11
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Hasgur S, Yamamoto Y, Fan R, Nicosia M, Gorbacheva V, Zwick D, Araki M, Fairchild RL, Valujskikh A. Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin activates B cells to promote T cell reconstitution in heart allograft recipients. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:1779-1790. [PMID: 35294793 PMCID: PMC9296143 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Diminishing homeostatic proliferation of memory T cells is essential for improving the efficacy of lymphoablation in transplant recipients. Our previous studies in a mouse heart transplantation model established that B lymphocytes secreting proinflammatory cytokines are critical for T cell recovery after lymphoablation. The goal of the current study was to identify mediators of B cell activation following lymphoablation in allograft recipients. Transcriptome analysis revealed that macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle, Clec4e) expression is up-regulated in B cells from heart allograft recipients treated with murine anti-thymocyte globulin (mATG). Recipient Mincle deficiency diminishes B cell production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and impairs T lymphocyte reconstitution. Mixed bone marrow chimeras lacking Mincle only in B lymphocytes have similar defects in T cell recovery. Conversely, treatment with a synthetic Mincle ligand enhances T cell reconstitution after lymphoablation in non-transplanted mice. Treatment with agonistic CD40 mAb facilitates T cell reconstitution in CD4 T cell-depleted, but not in Mincle-deficient, recipients indicating that CD40 signaling induces T cell proliferation via a Mincle-dependent pathway. These findings are the first to identify an important function of B cell Mincle as a sensor of damage-associated molecular patterns released by the graft and demonstrate its role in clinically relevant settings of organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheyla Hasgur
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Yosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Ran Fan
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Michael Nicosia
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Victoria Gorbacheva
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Daniel Zwick
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA,Present address:
AutonomousTherapeutics, IncRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Motoo Araki
- Department of UrologyOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Robert L. Fairchild
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Anna Valujskikh
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
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12
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) Orchestrates Aspergillus fumigatus-Induced Eosinophil Activation Independently of Canonical Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)/C-Type-Lectin Receptor (CLR) Signaling. mBio 2022; 13:e0123922. [PMID: 35695427 PMCID: PMC9426586 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01239-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilia is associated with various persisting inflammatory diseases and often coincides with chronic fungal infections or fungal allergy as in the case of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Here, we show that intranasal administration of live Aspergillus fumigatus conidia causes fatal lung damage in eosinophilic interleukin-5 (IL-5)-transgenic mice. To further investigate the activation of eosinophils by A. fumigatus, we established a coculture system of mouse bone marrow-derived eosinophils (BMDE) with different A. fumigatus morphotypes and analyzed the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and eicosanoids. A. fumigatus-stimulated BMDE upregulated expression of CD11b and downregulated CD62L and CCR3. They further secreted several proinflammatory mediators, including IL-4, IL-13, IL-18, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α)/CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), MIP-1β/CCL4, and thromboxane. This effect required direct interaction and adherence between eosinophils and A. fumigatus, as A. fumigatus culture supernatants or A. fumigatus mutant strains with impaired adhesion elicited a rather poor eosinophil response. Unexpectedly, canonical Toll-like receptor (TLR) or C-type-lectin receptor (CLR) signaling was largely dispensable, as the absence of MYD88, TRIF, or caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) resulted in only minor alterations. However, transcriptome analysis indicated a role for the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway in A. fumigatus-induced eosinophil activation. Correspondingly, we could show that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors successfully prevent A. fumigatus-induced eosinophil activation. The PI3K pathway in eosinophils may therefore serve as a potential drug target to interfere with undesired eosinophil activation in fungus-elicited eosinophilic disorders.
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13
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Liu X, Jiang B, Hao H, Liu Z. CARD9 Signaling, Inflammation, and Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880879. [PMID: 35432375 PMCID: PMC9005907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-recruitment domain 9 (CARD9) protein is expressed in many cells especially in immune cells, and is critically involved in the function of the innate and adaptive immune systems through extensive interactions between CARD9 and other signaling molecules including NF-κB and MAPK. CARD9-mediated signaling plays a central role in regulating inflammatory responses and oxidative stress through the productions of important cytokines and chemokines. Abnormalities of CARD9 and CARD9 signaling or CARD9 mutations or polymorphism are associated with a variety of pathological conditions including infections, inflammation, and autoimmune disorders. This review focuses on the function of CARD9 and CARD9-mediated signaling pathways, as well as interactions with other important signaling molecules in different cell types and the relations to specific disease conditions including inflammatory diseases, infections, tumorigenesis, and cardiovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyou Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Bimei Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Hao
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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14
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Advances in the Immunomodulatory Properties of Glycoantigens in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081854. [PMID: 35454762 PMCID: PMC9032556 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This work reviews the role of aberrant glycosylation in cancer cells during tumour growth and spreading, as well as in immune evasion. The interaction of tumour-associated glycans with the immune system through C-type lectin receptors can favour immune escape but can also provide opportunities to develop novel tumour immunotherapy strategies. This work highlights the main findings in this area and spotlights the challenges that remain to be investigated. Abstract Aberrant glycosylation in tumour progression is currently a topic of main interest. Tumour-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are expressed in a wide variety of epithelial cancers, being both a diagnostic tool and a potential treatment target, as they have impact on patient outcome and disease progression. Glycans affect both tumour-cell biology properties as well as the antitumor immune response. It has been ascertained that TACAs affect cell migration, invasion and metastatic properties both when expressed by cancer cells or by their extracellular vesicles. On the other hand, tumour-associated glycans recognized by C-type lectin receptors in immune cells possess immunomodulatory properties which enable tumour growth and immune response evasion. Yet, much remains unknown, concerning mechanisms involved in deregulation of glycan synthesis and how this affects cell biology on a major level. This review summarises the main findings to date concerning how aberrant glycans influence tumour growth and immunity, their application in cancer treatment and spotlights of unanswered challenges remaining to be solved.
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15
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Hiengrach P, Visitchanakun P, Finkelman MA, Chancharoenthana W, Leelahavanichkul A. More Prominent Inflammatory Response to Pachyman than to Whole-Glucan Particle and Oat-β-Glucans in Dextran Sulfate-Induced Mucositis Mice and Mouse Injection through Proinflammatory Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074026. [PMID: 35409384 PMCID: PMC8999416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1→3)-β-D-glucans (BG) (the glucose polymers) are recognized as pathogen motifs, and different forms of BGs are reported to have various effects. Here, different BGs, including Pachyman (BG with very few (1→6)-linkages), whole-glucan particles (BG with many (1→6)-glycosidic bonds), and Oat-BG (BG with (1→4)-linkages), were tested. In comparison with dextran sulfate solution (DSS) alone in mice, DSS with each of these BGs did not alter the weight loss, stool consistency, colon injury (histology and cytokines), endotoxemia, serum BG, and fecal microbiome but Pachyman-DSS-treated mice demonstrated the highest serum cytokine elicitation (TNF-α and IL-6). Likewise, a tail vein injection of Pachyman together with intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced the highest levels of these cytokines at 3 h post-injection than LPS alone or LPS with other BGs. With bone marrow-derived macrophages, BG induced only TNF-α (most prominent with Pachyman), while LPS with BG additively increased several cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10); inflammatory genes (iNOS, IL-1β, Syk, and NF-κB); and cell energy alterations (extracellular flux analysis). In conclusion, Pachyman induced the highest LPS proinflammatory synergistic effect on macrophages, followed by WGP, possibly through Syk-associated interactions between the Dectin-1 and TLR-4 signal transduction pathways. Selection of the proper form of BGs for specific clinical conditions might be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratsanee Hiengrach
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.H.); (P.V.)
| | - Peerapat Visitchanakun
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.H.); (P.V.)
| | | | - Wiwat Chancharoenthana
- Tropical Nephrology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Tropical Immunology and Translational Research Unit, Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (A.L.); Tel.: +66-2256-4132 (W.C.); Fax: +66-2252-5952 (W.C.)
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.H.); (P.V.)
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (A.L.); Tel.: +66-2256-4132 (W.C.); Fax: +66-2252-5952 (W.C.)
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16
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Bouchery T, Volpe B, Doolan R, Coakley G, Moyat M, Esser‐von Bieren J, Wickramasinghe LC, Hibbs ML, Sotillo J, Camberis M, Le Gros G, Khan N, Williams D, Harris NL. β‐Glucan receptors on IL‐4 activated macrophages are required for hookworm larvae recognition and trapping. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:223-234. [PMID: 35156238 PMCID: PMC9314611 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of host immunity against parasitic nematodes have revealed the importance of macrophages in trapping tissue migratory larvae. Protective immune mechanisms against the rodent hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) are mediated, at least in part, by IL‐4‐activated macrophages that bind and trap larvae in the lung. However, it is still not clear how host macrophages recognize the parasite. An in vitro co‐culture system of bone marrow‐derived macrophages and Nb infective larvae was utilized to screen for the possible ligand–receptor pair involved in macrophage attack of larvae. Competitive binding assays revealed an important role for β‐glucan recognition in the process. We further identified a role for CD11b and the non‐classical pattern recognition receptor ephrin‐A2 (EphA2), but not the highly expressed β‐glucan dectin‐1 receptor, in this process of recognition. This work raises the possibility that parasitic nematodes synthesize β‐glucans and it identifies CD11b and ephrin‐A2 as important pattern recognition receptors involved in the host recognition of these evolutionary old pathogens. To our knowledge, this is the first time that EphA2 has been implicated in immune responses to a helminth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Bouchery
- Global Health Institute Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne Switzerland
- Laboratory of Intestinal Immunology Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School The Alfred Centre Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Beatrice Volpe
- Global Health Institute Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rory Doolan
- Laboratory of Intestinal Immunology Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School The Alfred Centre Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Gillian Coakley
- Laboratory of Intestinal Immunology Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School The Alfred Centre Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Mati Moyat
- Global Health Institute Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne Switzerland
- Laboratory of Intestinal Immunology Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School The Alfred Centre Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Julia Esser‐von Bieren
- Global Health Institute Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne Switzerland
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Centre Munich Munich Germany
| | - Lakshanie C Wickramasinghe
- Laboratory of Intestinal Immunology Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School The Alfred Centre Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Margaret L Hibbs
- Leukocyte Signaling Laboratory Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School The Alfred Centre Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Cairns QLD Australia
| | - Mali Camberis
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research Wellington New Zealand
| | - Graham Le Gros
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research Wellington New Zealand
| | - Nemat Khan
- Mayne Academy of Paediatrics and Child Health The University of Queensland Herston QLD Australia
| | - David Williams
- Department of Surgery Quillen College of Medicine Center for Inflammation Infectious Disease and Immunity East Tennessee State University Johnson City TN USA
| | - Nicola L Harris
- Global Health Institute Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne Switzerland
- Laboratory of Intestinal Immunology Department of Immunology and Pathology Central Clinical School The Alfred Centre Monash University Melbourne VIC Australia
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17
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Mata-Martínez P, Bergón-Gutiérrez M, del Fresno C. Dectin-1 Signaling Update: New Perspectives for Trained Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:812148. [PMID: 35237264 PMCID: PMC8882614 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.812148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1 was originally described as the β-glucan receptor expressed in myeloid cells, with crucial functions in antifungal responses. However, over time, different ligands both of microbial-derived and endogenous origin have been shown to be recognized by Dectin-1. The outcomes of this recognition are diverse, including pro-inflammatory responses such as cytokine production, reactive oxygen species generation and phagocytosis. Nonetheless, tolerant responses have been also attributed to Dectin-1, depending on the specific ligand engaged. Dectin-1 recognition of their ligands triggers a plethora of downstream signaling pathways, with complex interrelationships. These signaling routes can be modulated by diverse factors such as phosphatases or tetraspanins, resulting either in pro-inflammatory or regulatory responses. Since its first depiction, Dectin-1 has recently gained a renewed attention due to its role in the induction of trained immunity. This process of long-term memory of innate immune cells can be triggered by β-glucans, and Dectin-1 is crucial for its initiation. The main signaling pathways involved in this process have been described, although the understanding of the above-mentioned complexity in the β-glucan-induced trained immunity is still scarce. In here, we have reviewed and updated all these factors related to the biology of Dectin-1, highlighting the gaps that deserve further research. We believe on the relevance to fully understand how this receptor works, and therefore, how we could harness it in different pathological conditions as diverse as fungal infections, autoimmunity, or cancer.
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18
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Shimazu T, Suzuki M, Takasaki R, Besshi A, Suzuki Y, Iwakura Y. Heat-Killed Levilactobacillus brevis as a Candidate Postbiotics Through Immunostimulation Mediated by Macrophage-Inducible C-Type Lectin. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 15:774-784. [PMID: 35048327 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09890-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To understand the beneficial health-promoting effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on immune cells, it is necessary to understand the relationship between LAB and innate immune receptors. We investigated the possible involvement of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) in the immune-stimulating function of LAB in several strains. We found that levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-10 were reduced by the addition of inhibitors for spleen tyrosine kinase (syk), a signaling molecule used by several CLRs. Furthermore, employing CLR-Fc fusion proteins and reporter cells, we found that macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) binds to Levilactobacillus brevis strain La37. Interestingly, this interaction was only observed in heat-killed L. brevis and disappeared after proteinase K treatment. Seven strains of L. brevis from different sources were also examined; among them, six strains showed Mincle reactivity, and the characteristics of the ligand were similar to those of La37. These results may facilitate a better understanding of the immunomodulatory effects of LAB for the development of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Shimazu
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Environment, Miyagi University, Sendai, 982-0215, Japan.
| | - Mai Suzuki
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Environment, Miyagi University, Sendai, 982-0215, Japan
| | - Ryo Takasaki
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Environment, Miyagi University, Sendai, 982-0215, Japan
| | - Asuka Besshi
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Environment, Miyagi University, Sendai, 982-0215, Japan
| | - Yuna Suzuki
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Environment, Miyagi University, Sendai, 982-0215, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
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19
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Burchill L, Williams SJ. From the banal to the bizarre: unravelling immune recognition and response to microbial lipids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:925-940. [PMID: 34989357 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microbes produce a rich array of lipidic species that through their location in the cell wall and ability to mingle with host lipids represent a privileged class of immune-active molecules. Lipid-sensing immunity recognizes microbial lipids from pathogens and commensals causing immune responses. Yet microbial lipids are often heterogeneous, in limited supply and in some cases their structures are incompletely defined. Total synthesis can assist in structural determination, overcome supply issues, and provide access to high-purity, homogeneous samples and analogues. This account highlights synthetic approaches to lipidic species from pathogenic and commensal bacteria and fungi that have supported immunological studies involving lipid sensing through the pattern recognition receptor Mincle and cell-mediated immunity through the CD1-T cell axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Burchill
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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20
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Li XX, Gorman DM, Lee JD, Clark RJ, Woodruff TM. Unexpected Off-Target Activities for Recombinant C5a in Human Macrophages. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:133-142. [PMID: 34853076 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The anaphylatoxin C5a is core effector of complement activation. C5a exerts potent proinflammatory and immunomodulatory actions through interacting with its C5a receptors, C5aR1 and C5aR2, modulating multiple signaling and functional activities of immune cells. Native C5a contains a large N-linked glycosylation site at Asn64, which accounts for up to 25% of its m.w. To date, the vast majority of published studies examining C5a are performed using Escherichia coli-generated recombinant C5a, which is readily available from numerous commercial suppliers, but lacks this glycosylation moiety. However, a plasma-purified "native" form of C5a is also commercially available. The different size and glycosylation of these two C5a versions could have functional implications. Therefore, the current study aimed to compare recombinant human C5a to purified plasma-derived human C5a in driving the signaling and functional activities of human primary macrophages. We found that both versions of C5a displayed similar potencies at triggering C5aR1- and C5aR2-mediated cell signaling, but elicited distinct functional responses in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. Multiple commercial sources of recombinant C5a, but not the plasma-purified or a synthetic C5a version, induced human monocyte-derived macrophages to produce IL-6 and IL-10 in a C5a receptor-independent manner, which was driven through Syk and NF-κB signaling and apparently not due to endotoxin contamination. Our results, therefore, offer caution against the sole use of recombinant human C5a, particularly in functional/cytokine assays conducted in human primary immune cells, and suggest studies using recombinant human C5a should be paired with C5aR1 inhibitors or purified/synthetic human C5a to confirm relevant findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xaria X Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Declan M Gorman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard J Clark
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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21
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Csi-let-7a-5p delivered by extracellular vesicles from a liver fluke activates M1-like macrophages and exacerbates biliary injuries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102206118. [PMID: 34772807 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102206118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with liver flukes (such as Clonorchis sinensis) can induce severe biliary injuries, which can cause cholangitis, biliary fibrosis, and even cholangiocarcinoma. The release of extracellular vesicles by C. sinensis (CsEVs) is of importance in the long-distance communication between the hosts and worms. However, the biological effects of EVs from liver fluke on biliary injuries and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly characterized. In the present study, we found that CsEVs induced M1-like activation. In addition, the mice that were administrated with CsEVs showed severe biliary injuries associated with remarkable activation of M1-like macrophages. We further characterized the signatures of miRNAs packaged in CsEVs and identified a miRNA Csi-let-7a-5p, which was highly enriched. Further study showed that Csi-let-7a-5p facilitated the activation of M1-like macrophages by targeting Socs1 and Clec7a; however, CsEVs with silencing Csi-let-7a-5p showed a decrease in proinflammatory responses and biliary injuries, which involved in the Socs1- and Clec7a-regulated NF-κB signaling pathway. Our study demonstrates that Csi-let-7a-5p delivered by CsEVs plays a critical role in the activation of M1-like macrophages and contributes to the biliary injuries by targeting the Socs1- and Clec7a-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway, which indicates a mechanism contributing to biliary injuries caused by fluke infection. However, molecules other than Csi-let-7a-5p from CsEVs that may also promote M1-like polarization and exacerbate biliary injuries are not excluded.
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22
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Gabius HJ, Cudic M, Diercks T, Kaltner H, Kopitz J, Mayo KH, Murphy PV, Oscarson S, Roy R, Schedlbauer A, Toegel S, Romero A. What is the Sugar Code? Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100327. [PMID: 34496130 PMCID: PMC8901795 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A code is defined by the nature of the symbols, which are used to generate information‐storing combinations (e. g. oligo‐ and polymers). Like nucleic acids and proteins, oligo‐ and polysaccharides are ubiquitous, and they are a biochemical platform for establishing molecular messages. Of note, the letters of the sugar code system (third alphabet of life) excel in coding capacity by making an unsurpassed versatility for isomer (code word) formation possible by variability in anomery and linkage position of the glycosidic bond, ring size and branching. The enzymatic machinery for glycan biosynthesis (writers) realizes this enormous potential for building a large vocabulary. It includes possibilities for dynamic editing/erasing as known from nucleic acids and proteins. Matching the glycome diversity, a large panel of sugar receptors (lectins) has developed based on more than a dozen folds. Lectins ‘read’ the glycan‐encoded information. Hydrogen/coordination bonding and ionic pairing together with stacking and C−H/π‐interactions as well as modes of spatial glycan presentation underlie the selectivity and specificity of glycan‐lectin recognition. Modular design of lectins together with glycan display and the nature of the cognate glycoconjugate account for the large number of post‐binding events. They give an entry to the glycan vocabulary its functional, often context‐dependent meaning(s), hereby building the dictionary of the sugar code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Maré Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida, 33431, USA
| | - Tammo Diercks
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801 A, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Paul V Murphy
- CÚRAM - SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices and the, School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - René Roy
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 888, Succ. Centre-Ville Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Andreas Schedlbauer
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801 A, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Stefan Toegel
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Romero
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, CIB Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Nguyen GT, Xu S, Adams W, Leong JM, Bunnell SC, Mansour MK, Sykes DB, Mecsas J. Neutrophils require SKAP2 for reactive oxygen species production following C-type lectin and Candida stimulation. iScience 2021; 24:102871. [PMID: 34386732 PMCID: PMC8346660 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling cascades converting the recognition of pathogens to efficient inflammatory responses by neutrophils are critical for host survival. SKAP2, an adaptor protein, is required for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation following neutrophil stimulation by integrins, formyl peptide receptors, and for host defense against the Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Using neutrophils from murine HoxB8-immortalized progenitors, we show that SKAP2 in neutrophils is crucial for maximal ROS response to purified C-type lectin receptor agonists and to the fungal pathogens, Candida glabrata and Candida albicans, and for robust killing of C. glabrata. Inside-out signaling to integrin and Syk phosphorylation occurred independently of SKAP2 after Candida infection. However, Pyk2, ERK1/2, and p38 phosphorylation were significantly reduced after infection with C. glabrata and K. pneumoniae in Skap2-/- neutrophils. These data demonstrate the importance of SKAP2 in ROS generation and host defense beyond antibacterial immunity to include CLRs and Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang T. Nguyen
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Shuying Xu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Walter Adams
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - John M. Leong
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Stephen C. Bunnell
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Michael K. Mansour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David B. Sykes
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joan Mecsas
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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24
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Human macrophages utilize a wide range of pathogen recognition receptors to recognize Legionella pneumophila, including Toll-Like Receptor 4 engaging Legionella lipopolysaccharide and the Toll-like Receptor 3 nucleic-acid sensor. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009781. [PMID: 34280250 PMCID: PMC8321404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines made by macrophages play a critical role in determining the course of Legionella pneumophila infection. Prior murine-based modeling indicated that this cytokine response is initiated upon recognition of L. pneumophila by a subset of Toll-like receptors, namely TLR2, TLR5, and TLR9. Through the use of shRNA/siRNA knockdowns and subsequently CRISPR/Cas9 knockouts (KO), we determined that TRIF, an adaptor downstream of endosomal TLR3 and TLR4, is required for full cytokine secretion by human primary and cell-line macrophages. By characterizing a further set of TLR KO's in human U937 cells, we discerned that, contrary to the viewpoint garnered from murine-based studies, TLR3 and TLR4 (along with TLR2 and TLR5) are in fact vital to the macrophage response in the early stages of L. pneumophila infection. This conclusion was bolstered by showing that i) chemical inhibitors of TLR3 and TLR4 dampen the cytokine output of primary human macrophages and ii) transfection of TLR3 and TLR4 into HEK cells conferred an ability to sense L. pneumophila. TLR3- and TLR4-dependent cytokines promoted migration of human HL-60 neutrophils across an epithelial layer, pointing to the biological importance for the newfound signaling pathway. The response of U937 cells to L. pneumophila LPS was dependent upon TLR4, a further contradiction to murine-based studies, which had concluded that TLR2 is the receptor for Legionella LPS. Given the role of TLR3 in sensing nucleic acid (i.e., dsRNA), we utilized newly-made KO U937 cells to document that DNA-sensing by cGAS-STING and DNA-PK are also needed for the response of human macrophages to L. pneumophila. Given the lack of attention given them in the bacterial field, C-type lectin receptors were similarly examined; but, they were not required. Overall, this study arguably represents the most extensive, single-characterization of Legionella-recognition receptors within human macrophages.
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25
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Abstract
Sepsis is a host immune disorder induced by infection. It can lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), which has high morbidity and mortality. There has been great progress in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of sepsis, such as improvements in pathogen detection technology, innovations regarding anti-infection drugs, and the development of organ function support. Abnormal immune responses triggered by pathogens, ranging from excessive inflammation to immunosuppression, are recognized to be an important cause of the high mortality rate. However, no drugs have been approved specifically for treating sepsis. Here, we review the recent research progress on immune responses in sepsis to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of sepsis. Constructing and optimizing a dynamic immune system treatment regimen based on anti-infection treatment, fluid replacement, organ function support, and timely use of immunomodulatory interventions may improve the prognosis of sepsis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of, USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Haiming Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of, USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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26
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Cohen-Kedar S, Keizer D, Schwartz S, Rabinowitz KM, Kaboub K, Shaham Barda E, Sadot E, Wolff-Bar M, Shaltiel T, Dotan I. Commensal fungi and their cell-wall β-glucans direct differential responses in human intestinal epithelial cells. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:864-878. [PMID: 33616974 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are the first to encounter luminal antigens and play an active role in intestinal immune responses. We previously reported that β-glucans, major fungal cell-wall glycans, induced chemokine secretion by IEC lines in a Dectin-1- and Syk-dependent manner. Here, we show that in contrast to β-glucans, stimulation of IEC lines with Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae did not induce secretion of any of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-8, CCL2, CXCL1, and GM-CSF. Commensal fungi and β-glucans activated Syk and ERK in IEC lines. However, only β-glucans activated p38, JNK, and the transcription factors NF-κB p65 and c-JUN, which were necessary for cytokine secretion. Furthermore, costimulation of IEC lines with β-glucans and C. albicans yielded decreased cytokine secretion compared to stimulation with β-glucans alone. Finally, ex vivo stimulation of human colonic mucosal explants with zymosan and C. albicans, leads to epithelial Syk and ERK phosphorylation, implying recognition of fungi and similar initial signaling pathways as in IEC lines. Lack of cytokine secretion in response to commensal fungi may reflect IECs' response to fungal glycans, other than β-glucans, that contribute to mucosal tolerance. Skewed epithelial response to commensal fungi may impair homeostasis and contribute to intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Cohen-Kedar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Danielle Keizer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Suzana Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Keren M Rabinowitz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kawsar Kaboub
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Efrat Shaham Barda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Sadot
- Department of Surgery, Beilinson Campus, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Meirav Wolff-Bar
- Department of Pathology, Beilinson Campus, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Tali Shaltiel
- Department of Surgery, Beilinson Campus, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Iris Dotan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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27
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Dectin-1 and TIM3 Expression in Deep Vein Thrombosis of Lower Limbs (DVTLL). J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113466. [PMID: 33126475 PMCID: PMC7692188 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms of venous thromboembolism are venous stasis, endothelial damage, and hypercoagulability, while less attention has been given to the role of both innate and native immunity. In this paper, we investigate the involvement of the activated immune system detected through some indicators such as TIM3 and Dectin-1 expressed by T lymphocytes. TIM3 and Dectin-1, two surface molecules that regulate the fine-tuning of innate and adaptive immune responses, were evaluated in patients affected by deep vein thrombosis of lower limbs (DVTLL). CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes obtained from patients affected by DVTLL were analysed using fluorescence-conjugated antibodies for TIM3 and Dectin-1 by an imaging flow cytometer. DVTLL patients showed a higher number of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. TIM3 expression in T lymphocytes was very low in both DVTLL patients and controls. On the contrary, an increase in Dectin-1+ cells among CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes from DVTLL patients was observed. Dectin-1 is known to play a role in inflammation and immunity and our result suggests its potential involvement in thrombotic venous disease.
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28
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Huber A, Killy B, Grummel N, Bodendorfer B, Paul S, Wiesmann V, Naschberger E, Zimmer J, Wirtz S, Schleicher U, Vera J, Ekici AB, Dalpke A, Lang R. Mycobacterial Cord Factor Reprograms the Macrophage Response to IFN-γ towards Enhanced Inflammation yet Impaired Antigen Presentation and Expression of GBP1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1580-1592. [PMID: 32796022 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacteria survive in macrophages despite triggering pattern recognition receptors and T cell-derived IFN-γ production. Mycobacterial cord factor trehalose-6,6-dimycolate (TDM) binds the C-type lectin receptor MINCLE and induces inflammatory gene expression. However, the impact of TDM on IFN-γ-induced macrophage activation is not known. In this study, we have investigated the cross-regulation of the mouse macrophage transcriptome by IFN-γ and by TDM or its synthetic analogue trehalose-6,6-dibehenate (TDB). As expected, IFN-γ induced genes involved in Ag presentation and antimicrobial defense. Transcriptional programs induced by TDM and TDB were highly similar but clearly distinct from the response to IFN-γ. The glycolipids enhanced expression of a subset of IFN-γ-induced genes associated with inflammation. In contrast, TDM/TDB exerted delayed inhibition of IFN-γ-induced genes, including pattern recognition receptors, MHC class II genes, and IFN-γ-induced GTPases, with antimicrobial function. TDM downregulated MHC class II cell surface expression and impaired T cell activation by peptide-pulsed macrophages. Inhibition of the IFN-γ-induced GTPase GBP1 occurred at the level of transcription by a partially MINCLE-dependent mechanism that may target IRF1 activity. Although activation of STAT1 was unaltered, deletion of Socs1 relieved inhibition of GBP1 expression by TDM. Nonnuclear Socs1 was sufficient for inhibition, suggesting a noncanonical, cytoplasmic mechanism. Taken together, unbiased analysis of transcriptional reprogramming revealed a significant degree of negative regulation of IFN-γ-induced Ag presentation and antimicrobial gene expression by the mycobacterial cord factor that may contribute to mycobacterial persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Huber
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Killy
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nadine Grummel
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Bodendorfer
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sushmita Paul
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Veit Wiesmann
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Integrierte Schaltungen, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Naschberger
- Molekulare und Experimentelle Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jana Zimmer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schleicher
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julio Vera
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif Bülent Ekici
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Alexander Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Roland Lang
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany;
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29
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Lamendour L, Deluce-Kakwata-Nkor N, Mouline C, Gouilleux-Gruart V, Velge-Roussel F. Tethering Innate Surface Receptors on Dendritic Cells: A New Avenue for Immune Tolerance Induction? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5259. [PMID: 32722168 PMCID: PMC7432195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in immunity and are highly potent at presenting antigens and orienting the immune response. Depending on the environmental signals, DCs could turn the immune response toward immunity or immune tolerance. Several subsets of DCs have been described, with each expressing various surface receptors and all participating in DC-associated immune functions according to their specific skills. DC subsets could also contribute to the vicious circle of inflammation in immune diseases and establishment of immune tolerance in cancer. They appear to be appropriate targets in the control of inflammatory diseases or regulation of autoimmune responses. For all these reasons, in situ DC targeting with therapeutic antibodies seems to be a suitable way of modulating the entire immune system. At present, the field of antibody-based therapies has mainly been developed in oncology, but it is undergoing remarkable expansion thanks to a wide variety of antibody formats and their related functions. Moreover, current knowledge of DC biology may open new avenues for targeting and modulating the different DC subsets. Based on an update of pathogen recognition receptor expression profiles in human DC subsets, this review evaluates the possibility of inducing tolerant DCs using antibody-based therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Florence Velge-Roussel
- GICC EA 7501, Université de Tours, UFR de Médecine, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France; (L.L.); (N.D.-K.-N.); (C.M.); (V.G.-G.)
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30
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Issara-Amphorn J, Somboonna N, Pisitkun P, Hirankarn N, Leelahavanichkul A. Syk inhibitor attenuates inflammation in lupus mice from FcgRIIb deficiency but not in pristane induction: the influence of lupus pathogenesis on the therapeutic effect. Lupus 2020; 29:1248-1262. [PMID: 32700597 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320941106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are responsible for the recognition of pathogen molecules. The downstream signalling of the innate immune responses against pathogen molecules, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BG), and the adaptive immune response to antibodies, Fc gamma receptor (FcgR), is spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). Because pathogen molecules and antibodies could be presented in lupus, impact of Syk and macrophages in lupus is explored. FcgR-IIb deficient (FcgRIIb-/-) mice, a model of inhibitory signalling loss, at 40 weeks old, but not pristane mice (a chemical induction lupus model) demonstrated spontaneous elevation of LPS and BG in serum from gut translocation despite the similarity in faecal microbiome analysis. Syk abundance in FcgRIIb-/- mice was higher than in pristane mice, possibly due to several Syk activators (anti-dsDNA, LPS and BG), and Syk inhibitor-attenuated proteinuria and serum cytokines only in FcgRIIb-/- mice. In addition, LPS + BG enhanced the expression of activating FcgRs, NF-κB and Syk, together with supernatant TNF-α predominantly in FcgRIIb-/- compared to wild-type macrophages. The inhibitors against Dectin-1, Syk and nuclear factor kappa B, but not anti-Raf-1, reduced supernatant TNF-α in LPS+BG-activated macrophages, implying Syk-dependent signalling. The pathogen molecules enhanced activating-FcgRs, without inhibition, through Syk, a shared downstream innate and adaptive signalling, is responsible for the hyper-responsiveness in FcgRIIb-/- macrophages. In conclusion, Syk inhibitor attenuated inflammation in FcgRIIb-/- but not in pristane mice, implying the influence of a lupus genetic background in treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraphorn Issara-Amphorn
- Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary and International Programme, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naraporn Somboonna
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Microbiome Research Unit for Probiotics in Food and Cosmetics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapaporn Pisitkun
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre of Excellence in Immunology and Immune Mediated Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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31
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Tukhvatulin AI, Dzharullaeva AS, Erokhova AS, Scheblyakov DV, Naroditsky BS, Gintsburg AL, Logunov DY. NOD1/2 and the C-Type Lectin Receptors Dectin-1 and Mincle Synergistically Enhance Proinflammatory Reactions Both In Vitro and In Vivo. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:357-368. [PMID: 32801829 PMCID: PMC7383029 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s245638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pathogens consist of a wide variety of evolutionarily conserved molecular structures that are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of innate immunity. Reasonably assuming that no single PRR is ever likely to be the sole trigger of the immune response during infection, a great deal remains unknown about collaborative mechanisms and consequential crosstalk effects between multiple PRRs belonging to different families. Here, we aimed to investigate inflammatory response to combined stimulation of cytosolic nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) receptors: NOD1, NOD2 and membrane-bound C-type lectin receptors (CLRs): Mincle and Dectin-1 in comparison to individual stimulation both in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods For in vitro studies, we used human monocytic THP-1 cells endogenously expressing NOD1,2, as well as Mincle and Dectin-1 receptors. Using reporter gene and immunoassay approaches, we measured activity of key proinflammatory transcription factors (NF-κB and AP-1) and cytokine production after addition of specific PRR agonists or their pairwise combinations. In vivo NF-κB activity (bioluminescent detection in NF-κB-Luc transgenic mice), as well as cytokine levels in mouse blood serum, was measured 3 hours after intramuscular injection of PRR agonists. Results We detected that combined stimulation of NOD1/2 and C-type lectin receptors (Dectin-1, Mincle) strongly potentiates NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factor activity in human monocytic THP-1 cells, as well as resulting in enhanced levels of IL-8 cytokine production. We demonstrated that RIP2- and Syk-dependent signaling pathways downstream of NOD1/2 and Dectin-1/Mincle, respectively, are essential for the potentiated proinflammatory cell response. Lastly, we confirmed that synergy between NOD and C-type lectin receptors resulting in potentiated levels of NF-κB activation and cytokine (IL-6, KC) production also occurs in vivo. Conclusion These findings originally indicate cooperation between NODs and CLRs, leading to potentiated levels of proinflammatory immune response both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir I Tukhvatulin
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina S Dzharullaeva
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina S Erokhova
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Scheblyakov
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris S Naroditsky
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L Gintsburg
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Y Logunov
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
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32
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Lindenwald DL, Lepenies B. C-Type Lectins in Veterinary Species: Recent Advancements and Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145122. [PMID: 32698416 PMCID: PMC7403975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
C-type lectins (CTLs), a superfamily of glycan-binding receptors, play a pivotal role in the host defense against pathogens and the maintenance of immune homeostasis of higher animals and humans. CTLs in innate immunity serve as pattern recognition receptors and often bind to glycan structures in damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. While CTLs are found throughout the whole animal kingdom, their ligand specificities and downstream signaling have mainly been studied in humans and in model organisms such as mice. In this review, recent advancements in CTL research in veterinary species as well as potential applications of CTL targeting in veterinary medicine are outlined.
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33
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Su CH, Tseng YT, Lo KY, Lai MN, Ng LT. Differences in anti-inflammatory properties of water soluble and insoluble bioactive polysaccharides in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:565-576. [PMID: 32666338 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
β-Linked polysaccharides including β-glucans are well known to be important functional ingredients, and are known to possess immunomodulatory and anti-tumor activities. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties and participating receptor of water soluble and insoluble bioactive polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa (GFP, non-digestible water soluble polysaccharides), Laminaria digitata (laminarin, a water soluble β-glucan) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (zymosan, a water insoluble β-glucan) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated parental and Dectin-1 highly expressing RAW264.7 macrophages. Results showed that GFP and laminarin significantly inhibited nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production, but only the GFP with high molecular weight exhibited strong inhibition on pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6) secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. The activation of NF-κB was also significantly down-regulated by GFP treatment as compared with cells treated with LPS alone. Although GFP and laminarin were able to bind to β-glucan receptor Dectin-1, there was no relationship between the inhibitory potency and the content of β-glucans in GFP, and these inhibitory effects were not affected by the expression level of Dectin-1 in macrophage cells. In contrast, zymosan significantly intensified LPS-induced inflammatory responses through Dectin-1. In conclusion, these results suggest that the inhibitory effects of water soluble polysaccharides on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in murine macrophages may not involve β-glucan receptor Dectin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Han Su
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ting Tseng
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yin Lo
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Nan Lai
- Kang Jian Biotech Co., Ltd., Nantou, 54245, Taiwan
| | - Lean-Teik Ng
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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34
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Schick J, Schäfer J, Alexander C, Dichtl S, Murray PJ, Christensen D, Sorg U, Pfeffer K, Schleicher U, Lang R. Cutting Edge: TNF Is Essential for Mycobacteria-Induced MINCLE Expression, Macrophage Activation, and Th17 Adjuvanticity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:323-328. [PMID: 32540999 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
TNF blockade is a successful treatment for human autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease yet increases susceptibility to tuberculosis and other infections. The C-type lectin receptors (CLR) MINCLE, MCL, and DECTIN-2 are expressed on myeloid cells and sense mycobacterial cell wall glycolipids. In this study, we show that TNF is sufficient to upregulate MINCLE, MCL, and DECTIN-2 in macrophages. TNF signaling through TNFR1 p55 was required for upregulation of these CLR and for cytokine secretion in macrophages stimulated with the MINCLE ligand trehalose-6,6-dibehenate or infected with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin. The Th17 response to immunization with the MINCLE-dependent adjuvant trehalose-6,6-dibehenate was specifically abrogated in TNF-deficient mice and strongly attenuated by TNF blockade with etanercept. Together, interference with production or signaling of TNF antagonized the expression of DECTIN-2 family CLR, thwarting vaccine responses and possibly increasing infection risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schick
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johanna Schäfer
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Alexander
- Zelluläre Mikrobiologie, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz Lungenzentrum, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Peter J Murray
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Adjuvant Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Ursula Sorg
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schleicher
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Lang
- Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
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35
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Lin Y, Mao F, Wong NK, Zhang X, Liu K, Huang M, Ma H, Xiang Z, Li J, Xiao S, Zhang Y, Yu Z. Phagocyte Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans (HSPGs) as Major Regulators in Anti-bacterial Defense of Crassostrea hongkongensis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:416. [PMID: 32265912 PMCID: PMC7103635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Invertebrates generally lack adaptive immunity and compensate for this with highly efficient innate immune machineries such as phagocytosis by hemocytes to eradicate invading pathogens. However, how extrinsically cued hemocytes marshal internal signals to accomplish phagocytosis is not yet fully understood. To this end, we established a facile magnetic cell sorting method to enrich professional phagocytes from hemocytes of the Hong Kong oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis), an ecologically and commercially valuable marine invertebrate. Transcriptomic analysis on presorted cells shows that phagocytes maintain a remarkable array of differentially expressed genes that distinguish them from non-phagocytes, including 352 significantly upregulated genes and 479 downregulated genes. Pathway annotations reveal that focal adhesion and extracellular matrix–receptor interactions were the most conspicuously enriched pathways in phagocytes. Phagocytosis rate dramatically declined in the presence of an FAK inhibitor, confirming importance of the focal adhesion pathway in regulating phagocytosis. In addition, we also found that heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) families were lineage-specifically expanded in C. hongkongensis and abundantly expressed in phagocytes. Efficiency of phagocytosis and hemocytes aggregation was markedly reduced upon blockage of endogenous synthesis of HSPGs, thus implicating these proteins as key surface receptors in pathogen recognition and initiation of phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kunna Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minwei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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36
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Cueto FJ, Del Fresno C, Sancho D. DNGR-1, a Dendritic Cell-Specific Sensor of Tissue Damage That Dually Modulates Immunity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3146. [PMID: 32117205 PMCID: PMC7018937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNGR-1 (encoded by CLEC9A) is a C-type lectin receptor (CLR) with an expression profile that is mainly restricted to type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) both in mice and humans. This delimited expression pattern makes it appropriate for defining a cDC1 signature and for therapeutic targeting of this population, promoting immunity in mouse models. Functionally, DNGR-1 binds F-actin, which is confined within the intracellular space in healthy cells, but is exposed when plasma membrane integrity is compromised, as happens in necrosis. Upon F-actin binding, DNGR-1 signals through SYK and mediates cross-presentation of dead cell-associated antigens. Cross-presentation to CD8+ T cells promoted by DNGR-1 during viral infections is key for cross-priming tissue-resident memory precursors in the lymph node. However, in contrast to other closely related CLRs such as Dectin-1, DNGR-1 does not activate NFκB. Instead, recent findings show that DNGR-1 can activate SHP-1 to limit inflammation triggered by heterologous receptors, which results in reduced production of inflammatory chemokines and neutrophil recruitment into damaged tissues in both sterile and infectious processes. Hence, DNGR-1 reduces immunopathology associated with tissue damage, promoting disease tolerance to safeguard tissue integrity. How DNGR-1 signals are conditioned by the microenvironment and the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying DNGR-1 function have not been elucidated. Here, we review the expression pattern and structural features of DNGR-1, and the biological relevance of the detection of tissue damage through this CLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Cueto
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Fresno
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sancho
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
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37
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Albakri MM, Veliz FA, Fiering SN, Steinmetz NF, Sieg SF. Endosomal toll-like receptors play a key role in activation of primary human monocytes by cowpea mosaic virus. Immunology 2020; 159:183-192. [PMID: 31630392 PMCID: PMC6954739 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant virus, cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), has demonstrated a remarkable capacity to induce anti-tumour immune responses following direct administration into solid tumours. The molecular pathways that account for these effects and the capacity of CPMV to activate human cells are not well defined. Here, we examine the ability of CPMV particles to activate human monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Monocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures and purified CD14+ monocytes were readily activated by CPMV in vitro, leading to induction of HLA-DR, CD86, PD-L1, IL-15R and CXCL10 expression. Monocytes released chemokines, CXCL10, MIP-1α and MIP-1β into cell culture supernatants after incubation with CPMV. DC subsets (pDC and mDC) and monocyte-derived macrophages also demonstrated evidence of activation after incubation with CPMV. Inhibitors of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), endocytosis or endocytic acidification impaired the capacity of CPMV to activate monocytes. Furthermore, CPMV activation of monocytes was partially blocked by a TLR7/8 antagonist. These data demonstrate that CPMV activates human monocytes in a manner dependent on SYK signalling, endosomal acidification and with an important contribution from TLR7/8 recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwah M. Albakri
- Department of PathologySchool of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
- Department of Medical Laboratory TechnologyCollege of Applied Medical SciencesTaibah UniversityMedinaSaudi Arabia
| | - Frank A. Veliz
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Steven N. Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthNorris Cotton Cancer CenterLebanonNHUSA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Scott F. Sieg
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV MedicineSchool of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
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38
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Lai JJ, Cruz FM, Rock KL. Immune Sensing of Cell Death through Recognition of Histone Sequences by C-Type Lectin-Receptor-2d Causes Inflammation and Tissue Injury. Immunity 2019; 52:123-135.e6. [PMID: 31859049 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The immune system monitors the health of cells and is stimulated by necrosis. Here we examined the receptors and ligands driving this response. In a targeted screen of C-type lectin receptors, a Clec2d reporter responded to lysates from necrotic cells. Biochemical purification identified histones, both free and bound to nucleosomes or neutrophil extracellular traps, as Clec2d ligands. Clec2d recognized poly-basic sequences in histone tails and this recognition was sensitive to post-translational modifications of these sequences. As compared with WT mice, Clec2d-/- mice exhibited reduced proinflammatory responses to injected histones, and less tissue damage and improved survival in a hepatotoxic injury model. In macrophages, Clec2d localized to the plasma membrane and endosomes. Histone binding to Clec2d did not stimulate kinase activation or cytokine production. Rather, histone-bound DNA stimulated endosomal Tlr9-dependent responses in a Clec2d-dependent manner. Thus, Clec2d binds to histones released upon necrotic cell death, with functional consequences to inflammation and tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiann-Jyh Lai
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Freidrich M Cruz
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kenneth L Rock
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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39
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Abstract
Fungal bioactive polysaccharides are well known and have been widely used in Asia as a part of the traditional diet and medicine. In fact, some biopolymers (mainly β-glucans or glycoconjugate) have already made their way to the market as antitumor or immunostimulating drugs. In the last decades, the relationship between structure and activity of polysaccharides and their detailed mode of action have been the core of intense research to understand and utilize their medicinal properties. Most of the antitumor polysaccharides belong to conserved β-glucans, with a linear β-(1→3)-glucan backbone and attached β-(1→6) branch. Structurally different β-glucans appear to have different affinities toward their receptors and thus generate markedly different host responses. However, their antitumor activities are mainly influenced by molecular mass, degree of branching, conformation, and structure modification of the polysaccharides. β-Glucans act on several immune receptors including Dectin-1, complement receptor (CR3) and TLR-2/6, then trigger both innate and adaptive response and enhance opsonic and nonopsonic phagocytosis. Various receptor interactions explain the possible mode of actions of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing, China.
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40
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Ueno K, Otani Y, Yanagihara N, Nakamura T, Shimizu K, Yamagoe S, Miyazaki Y. Cryptococcus gattii alters immunostimulatory potential in response to the environment. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220989. [PMID: 31398236 PMCID: PMC6688814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus gattii is a capsular fungal pathogen, which causes life-threatening cryptococcosis in immunocompetent individuals. This emerging pathogen is less likely to be recognized by innate immunity compared to traditional Cryptococcus neoformans strains. Previous studies indicate that C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), including dectin-1 and dectin-2, play a role in recognizing cryptococcal cells; however, it remains to be elucidated whether the receptors physically associate with C. gattii yeast cell surfaces. Based on the previous findings, we hypothesized that culture conditions influence the expression or exposure of CLR ligands on C. gattii. Therefore, in the present study, we first investigated the culture conditions that induce exposure of CLR ligands on C. gattii yeast cells via the binding assay using recombinant fusion proteins of mouse CLR and IgG Fc, Fc dectin-1 and Fc dectin-2. Common fungal culture media, such as yeast extract–peptone–dextrose (YPD) broth, Sabouraud broth, and potato dextrose agar, did not induce the exposure of dectin-1 ligands, including β-1,3-glucan, on both capsular and acapsular C. gattii strains, in contrast to Fc dectin-1 and Fc dectin-2 bound to C. gattii cells growing in the conventional synthetic dextrose (SD) medium [may also be referred to as a yeast nitrogen base with glucose medium]. The medium also induced the exposure of dectin-1 ligands on C. neoformans, whereas all tested media induced dectin-1 and dectin-2 ligands in a control fungus Candida albicans. Notably, C. gattii did not expose dectin-1 ligands in SD medium supplemented with yeast extract or neutral buffer. In addition, compared to YPD medium-induced C. gattii, SD medium-induced C. gattii more efficiently induced the phosphorylation of Syk, Akt, and Erk1/2 in murine dendritic cells (DCs). Afterwards, the cells were considerably engulfed by DCs and remarkably induced DCs to secrete the inflammatory cytokines. Overall, the findings suggest that C. gattii alters its immunostimulatory potential in response to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Ueno
- Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoshiko Otani
- Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Yanagihara
- Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Nakamura
- Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiminori Shimizu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamagoe
- Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Miyazaki
- Department of Chemotherapy and Mycoses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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41
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The Unique Immunoregulatory Function of Staphylococcus Aureus Lipoteichoic Acid in Dendritic Cells. J 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/j2030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a structural component of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) that induces severe infection disease and skin inflammation such as atopic dermatitis (AD); the biological function of LTA is still unclear. Dendritic cells (DC) are important regulators in the immune system, and the cells ectopically recognize agents that have an influence on the host immune response. We aimed to reveal the DC-based immune response against LTA to understand the novel mechanism in S. aureus related acute skin inflammation. Materials and Methods: Different doses of LTA were applied on the epidermal barrier dysfunction mice in order to evaluate the epidermal thickness, DC activation, and subsequent immunological response such as effector T-cell (Teff) activation. In addition, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were also treated with LTA, and the immunoregulatory mechanism was investigated. Results: A low dose of LTA did not induce skin inflammation at all; however, a high dose of LTA induced severe skin inflammation on epidermalba rrier dysfunction mice. Those symptoms were correlated with the DC and Teff activation status. The low-dose treatment of LTA showed a suppressive effect in pro-inflammatory cytokine production via a Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-dominant manner, and the effect was significant regarding the co-treatment with another stimulatory signal such as TLR4 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Meanwhile, a high-dose treatment of LTA completely abolished the suppressive effect of a low-dose treatment. This phenomenon was based on C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), because the high dose of LTA greatly enhanced the expression of CLRs in the activated DCs. Conclusions: DCs sensed the dose difference of LTA, and the mechanism contributed to regulating immune responses such as effector T-cell activation, which was directly correlated with inflammatory response. This finding might provide an understanding for the novel immunological effect of LTA and S. aureus pathogenesis under inflammation, as well as the mechanism of symbiosis.
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42
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Kalantari P, Morales Y, Miller EA, Jaramillo LD, Ponichtera HE, Wuethrich MA, Cheong C, Seminario MC, Russo JM, Bunnell SC, Stadecker MJ. CD209a Synergizes with Dectin-2 and Mincle to Drive Severe Th17 Cell-Mediated Schistosome Egg-Induced Immunopathology. Cell Rep 2019; 22:1288-1300. [PMID: 29386115 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunopathology caused by schistosome helminths varies greatly in humans and among mouse strains. A severe form of parasite egg-induced hepatic granulomatous inflammation, seen in CBA mice, is driven by Th17 cells stimulated by IL-1β and IL-23 produced by dendritic cells that express CD209a (SIGNR5), a C-type lectin receptor (CLR) related to human DC-SIGN. Here, we show that CD209a-deficient CBA mice display decreased Th17 responses and are protected from severe immunopathology. In vitro, CD209a augments the egg-induced IL-1β and IL-23 production initiated by the related CLRs Dectin-2 and Mincle. While Dectin-2 and Mincle trigger an FcRγ-dependent signaling cascade that involves the tyrosine kinase Syk and the trimolecular Card9-Bcl10-Malt1 complex, CD209a promotes the sustained activation of Raf-1. Our findings demonstrate that CD209a drives severe Th17 cell-mediated immunopathology in a helminthic disease based on synergy between DC-SIGN- and Dectin-2-related CLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Kalantari
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Yoelkys Morales
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Emily A Miller
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Luis D Jaramillo
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Holly E Ponichtera
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Marcel A Wuethrich
- University of Wisconsin, Microbial Sciences Building, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Cheolho Cheong
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Maria C Seminario
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Joanne M Russo
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Stephen C Bunnell
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Miguel J Stadecker
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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43
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Hansen M, Peltier J, Killy B, Amin B, Bodendorfer B, Härtlova A, Uebel S, Bosmann M, Hofmann J, Büttner C, Ekici AB, Kuttke M, Franzyk H, Foged C, Beer-Hammer S, Schabbauer G, Trost M, Lang R. Macrophage Phosphoproteome Analysis Reveals MINCLE-dependent and -independent Mycobacterial Cord Factor Signaling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:669-685. [PMID: 30635358 PMCID: PMC6442366 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune sensing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis relies on recognition by macrophages. Mycobacterial cord factor, trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (TDM), is the most abundant cell wall glycolipid and binds to the C-type lectin receptor (CLR) MINCLE. To explore the kinase signaling linking the TDM-MINCLE interaction to gene expression, we employed quantitative phosphoproteome analysis. TDM caused upregulation of 6.7% and suppressed 3.8% of the 14,000 phospho-sites identified on 3727 proteins. MINCLE-dependent phosphorylation was observed for canonical players of CLR signaling (e.g. PLCγ, PKCδ), and was enriched for PKCδ and GSK3 kinase motifs. MINCLE-dependent activation of the PI3K-AKT-GSK3 pathway contributed to inflammatory gene expression and required the PI3K regulatory subunit p85α. Unexpectedly, a substantial fraction of TDM-induced phosphorylation was MINCLE-independent, a finding paralleled by transcriptome data. Bioinformatics analysis of both data sets concurred in the requirement for MINCLE for innate immune response pathways and processes. In contrast, MINCLE-independent phosphorylation and transcriptome responses were linked to cell cycle regulation. Collectively, our global analyses show substantial reprogramming of macrophages by TDM and reveal a dichotomy of MINCLE-dependent and -independent signaling linked to distinct biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Hansen
- From the ‡Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Peltier
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK
| | - Barbara Killy
- From the ‡Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bushra Amin
- Chair of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Bodendorfer
- From the ‡Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anetta Härtlova
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK
| | - Sebastian Uebel
- From the ‡Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Bosmann
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Chair of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Büttner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Mario Kuttke
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Unversity of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Unversity of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sandra Beer-Hammer
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, University of Tübingen
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Trost
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK
| | - Roland Lang
- From the ‡Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany;.
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Monteiro JT, Schön K, Ebbecke T, Goethe R, Ruland J, Baumgärtner W, Becker SC, Lepenies B. The CARD9-Associated C-Type Lectin, Mincle, Recognizes La Crosse Virus (LACV) but Plays a Limited Role in Early Antiviral Responses against LACV. Viruses 2019; 11:v11030303. [PMID: 30917612 PMCID: PMC6466035 DOI: 10.3390/v11030303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
La Crosse virus (LACV) is a mosquito-transmitted arbovirus and the main cause of virus-mediated neurological diseases in children. To date, little is known about the role of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)—an important class of pattern recognition receptors—in LACV recognition. DC-SIGN remains the only well-described CLR that recognizes LACV. In this study, we investigated the role of additional CLR/LACV interactions. To this end, we applied a flow-through chromatography method for the purification of LACV to perform an unbiased high-throughput screening of LACV with a CLR-hFc fusion protein library. Interestingly, the CARD9-associated CLRs Mincle, Dectin-1, and Dectin-2 were identified to strongly interact with LACV. Since CARD9 is a common adaptor protein for signaling via Mincle, Dectin-1, and Dectin-2, we performed LACV infection of Mincle−/− and CARD9−/− DCs. Mincle−/− and CARD9−/− DCs produced less amounts of proinflammatory cytokines, namely IL-6 and TNF-α, albeit no reduction of the LACV titer was observed. Together, novel CLR/LACV interactions were identified; however, the Mincle/CARD9 axis plays a limited role in early antiviral responses against LACV.
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Affiliation(s)
- João T Monteiro
- Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Kathleen Schön
- Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
- Institute for Parasitology and & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Tim Ebbecke
- Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ralph Goethe
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Stefanie C Becker
- Institute for Parasitology and & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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Lipoteichoic acid anchor triggers Mincle to drive protective immunity against invasive group A Streptococcus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10662-E10671. [PMID: 30352847 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1809100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that causes a range of diseases, including fatal invasive infections. However, the mechanisms by which the innate immune system recognizes GAS are not well understood. We herein report that the C-type lectin receptor macrophage inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) recognizes GAS and initiates antibacterial immunity. Gene expression analysis of myeloid cells upon GAS stimulation revealed the contribution of the caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) pathway to the antibacterial responses. Among receptors signaling through CARD9, Mincle induced the production of inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and reactive oxygen species upon recognition of the anchor of lipoteichoic acid, monoglucosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), produced by GAS. Upon GAS infection, Mincle-deficient mice exhibited impaired production of proinflammatory cytokines, severe bacteremia, and rapid lethality. GAS also possesses another Mincle ligand, diglucosyldiacylglycerol; however, this glycolipid interfered with MGDG-induced activation. These results indicate that Mincle plays a central role in protective immunity against acute GAS infection.
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Salazar F, Brown GD. Antifungal Innate Immunity: A Perspective from the Last 10 Years. J Innate Immun 2018; 10:373-397. [PMID: 29768268 DOI: 10.1159/000488539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal pathogens can rarely cause diseases in immunocompetent individuals. However, commensal and normally nonpathogenic environmental fungi can cause life-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals. Over the last few decades, there has been a huge increase in the incidence of invasive opportunistic fungal infections along with a worrying increase in antifungal drug resistance. As a consequence, research focused on understanding the molecular and cellular basis of antifungal immunity has expanded tremendously in the last few years. This review will provide an overview of the most exciting recent advances in innate antifungal immunity, discoveries that are helping to pave the way for the development of new strategies that are desperately needed to combat these devastating diseases.
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Del Fresno C, Iborra S, Saz-Leal P, Martínez-López M, Sancho D. Flexible Signaling of Myeloid C-Type Lectin Receptors in Immunity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:804. [PMID: 29755458 PMCID: PMC5932189 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are important sensors of self and non-self that work in concert with other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). CLRs have been previously classified based on their signaling motifs as activating or inhibitory receptors. However, specific features of the ligand binding process may result in distinct signaling through a single motif, resulting in the triggering of non-canonical pathways. In addition, CLR ligands are frequently exposed in complex structures that simultaneously bind different CLRs and other PRRs, which lead to integration of heterologous signaling among diverse receptors. Herein, we will review how sensing by myeloid CLRs and crosstalk with heterologous receptors is modulated by many factors affecting their signaling and resulting in differential outcomes for immunity and inflammation. Finding common features among those flexible responses initiated by diverse CLR-ligand partners will help to harness CLR function in immunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Del Fresno
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Iborra
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Saz-Leal
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Martínez-López
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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Zhai J, Wang Q, Gao Y, Zhang R, Li S, Wei B, You Y, Sun X, Lu C. The mechanisms of Ag85A DNA vaccine activates RNA sensors through new signal transduction. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 59:1-11. [PMID: 29604449 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Low immunogenicity is one of the major problems limiting the clinical use for DNA vaccines, which makes it impossible to obtain a strong protective immune response after vaccination. In order to explore whether Ag85A DNA vaccine could mount more efficiently protective immune response through new RNA sensor and its signal transduction pathway of antigen presentation we designed and synthesized Ag85A gene fragment containing multiple points mutations and transfected the gene fragment into the dendritic cell line (DC2.4) by CRISPR/Cas9. Subsequently, we focused on the changes of RNA sensors RIG-I, Mda-5, and the downstream adaptors MAVS, IRF3, IRF7 and IFN-β. The results indicated the significant increases in the mRNA and protein expression of RNA sensors RIG-I, Mda-5 and related adaptors MAVS, IRF3, IRF7, and IFN-β in the mutant DC 2.4 cells. The flow cytometry results demonstrated that the expression of MHC II on the surface of DC 2.4 significantly increased when compared with that in control. Therefore, it is suggested that Ag85A mutant DNA could release immunogenic message through RNA sensors and related adaptors via non protein pathway. There is at least one RNA signal transduction pathway of Ag85A DNA in DC2.4 cell. The work provides a new mode of action for nucleic acid vaccine to improve immunogenicity and meaningful data for the better understanding of the mechanisms of DNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Zhai
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Brucellosis Institute of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Qiubo Wang
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yunfeng Gao
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Shengjun Li
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yong You
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Changlong Lu
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Brucellosis Institute of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China.
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Söldner CA, Horn AHC, Sticht H. Interaction of Glycolipids with the Macrophage Surface Receptor Mincle - a Systematic Molecular Dynamics Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5374. [PMID: 29599490 PMCID: PMC5876379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic analogues of mycobacterial trehalose-dimycolate such as trehalose acyl esters have been proposed as novel adjuvants for vaccination. They induce an immune response by binding to the macrophage C-type lectin receptor Mincle. The binding site of trehalose is known, but there is yet only very limited structural information about the binding mode of the acyl esters. Here, we performed a systematic molecular dynamics study of trehalose mono-and diesters with different chain lengths. All acyl chains investigated exhibited a high flexibility and interacted almost exclusively with a hydrophobic groove on Mincle. Despite the limited length of this hydrophobic groove, the distal parts of the longer monoesters can still form additional interactions with this surface region due to their conformational flexibility. In diesters, a certain length of the second acyl chain is required to contact the hydrophobic groove. However, a stable concomitant accommodation of both acyl chains in the groove is hampered by the conformational rigidity of Mincle. Instead, multiple dynamic interaction modes are observed, in which the second acyl chain contributes to binding. This detailed structural information is considered helpful for the future design of more affine ligands that may foster the development of novel adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Söldner
- Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Centrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, (FAU), Fahrstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anselm H C Horn
- Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Centrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, (FAU), Fahrstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Centrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, (FAU), Fahrstraße 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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Regulation of human dendritic cell immune functions by ion channels. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 52:27-31. [PMID: 29574094 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs) able to induce both specific immunity and immune tolerance. Using information gathered from the tissue where they reside, DCs adjust their functional activity to ensure that protective immunity is favoured while unwanted or exaggerated immune responses are prevented. The remarkable ability of these cells to induce, enhance and orient the immune response, while at the same time maintaining self-tolerance, makes them key players in the immune system. Despite the fact that the role of Ca2+ has been clearly established in human DC functions, the link between ion homeostasis, mainly Ca2+, and DC functions is not fully understood. After all, a growing number of works clearly show the role of SOCE and associated channels in the maturation step, and those of K+ channels in migration. This review highlights the key papers published over the past few years and summarizes prospects for the near future.
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