1
|
Kumar S, Mickael C, Kumar R, Prasad RR, Campbell NV, Zhang H, Li M, McKeon BA, Allen TE, Graham BB, Yu YRA, Stenmark KR. Single cell transcriptomic analyses reveal diverse and dynamic changes of distinct populations of lung interstitial macrophages in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1372959. [PMID: 38690277 PMCID: PMC11059952 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypoxia is a common pathological driver contributing to various forms of pulmonary vascular diseases leading to pulmonary hypertension (PH). Pulmonary interstitial macrophages (IMs) play pivotal roles in immune and vascular dysfunction, leading to inflammation, abnormal remodeling, and fibrosis in PH. However, IMs' response to hypoxia and their role in PH progression remain largely unknown. We utilized a murine model of hypoxia-induced PH to investigate the repertoire and functional profiles of IMs in response to acute and prolonged hypoxia, aiming to elucidate their contributions to PH development. Methods We conducted single-cell transcriptomic analyses to characterize the repertoire and functional profiles of murine pulmonary IMs following exposure to hypobaric hypoxia for varying durations (0, 1, 3, 7, and 21 days). Hallmark pathways from the mouse Molecular Signatures Database were utilized to characterize the molecular function of the IM subpopulation in response to hypoxia. Results Our analysis revealed an early acute inflammatory phase during acute hypoxia exposure (Days 1-3), which was resolved by Day 7, followed by a pro-remodeling phase during prolonged hypoxia (Days 7-21). These phases were marked by distinct subpopulations of IMs: MHCIIhiCCR2+EAR2+ cells characterized the acute inflammatory phase, while TLF+VCAM1hi cells dominated the pro-remodeling phase. The acute inflammatory phase exhibited enrichment in interferon-gamma, IL-2, and IL-6 pathways, while the pro-remodeling phase showed dysregulated chemokine production, hemoglobin clearance, and tissue repair profiles, along with activation of distinct complement pathways. Discussion Our findings demonstrate the existence of distinct populations of pulmonary interstitial macrophages corresponding to acute and prolonged hypoxia exposure, pivotal in regulating the inflammatory and remodeling phases of PH pathogenesis. This understanding offers potential avenues for targeted interventions, tailored to specific populations and distinct phases of the disease. Moreover, further identification of triggers for pro-remodeling IMs holds promise in unveiling novel therapeutic strategies for pulmonary hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Claudia Mickael
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ram Raj Prasad
- Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Nzali V. Campbell
- Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - B. Alexandre McKeon
- Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Thaddeus E. Allen
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Brian B. Graham
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yen-Rei A. Yu
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zuo Y, Li B, Gao M, Xiong R, He R, Li N, Geng Q. Novel insights and new therapeutic potentials for macrophages in pulmonary hypertension. Respir Res 2024; 25:147. [PMID: 38555425 PMCID: PMC10981837 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and immune processes underlie pulmonary hypertension progression. Two main different activated phenotypes of macrophages, classically activated M1 macrophages and alternatively activated M2 macrophages, are both involved in inflammatory processes related to pulmonary hypertension. Recent advances suggest that macrophages coordinate interactions among different proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, and other cellular components such as smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, including the origin of pulmonary macrophages and their response to triggers of pulmonary hypertension. We then discuss the interactions among macrophages, cytokines, and vascular adventitial fibroblasts in pulmonary hypertension, as well as the potential therapeutic benefits of macrophages in this disease. Identifying the critical role of macrophages in pulmonary hypertension will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of this pathophysiological abnormality, and may provide new perspectives for pulmonary hypertension management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zuo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Boyang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Minglang Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ruyuan He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roy RM, Allawzi A, Burns N, Sul C, Rubio V, Graham J, Stenmark K, Nozik ES, Tuder RM, Vohwinkel CU. Lactate produced by alveolar type II cells suppresses inflammatory alveolar macrophages in acute lung injury. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23316. [PMID: 37983890 PMCID: PMC10914122 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301722r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar inflammation is a hallmark of acute lung injury (ALI), and its clinical correlate is acute respiratory distress syndrome-and it is as a result of interactions between alveolar type II cells (ATII) and alveolar macrophages (AM). In the setting of acute injury, the microenvironment of the intra-alveolar space is determined in part by metabolites and cytokines and is known to shape the AM phenotype. In response to ALI, increased glycolysis is observed in AT II cells, mediated by the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α, which has been shown to decrease inflammation. We hypothesized that in acute lung injury, lactate, the end product of glycolysis, produced by ATII cells shifts AMs toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype, thus mitigating ALI. We found that local intratracheal delivery of lactate improved ALI in two different mouse models. Lactate shifted cytokine expression of murine AMs toward increased IL-10, while decreasing IL-1 and IL-6 expression. Mice with ATII-specific deletion of Hif1a and mice treated with an inhibitor of lactate dehydrogenase displayed exacerbated ALI and increased inflammation with decreased levels of lactate in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; however, all those parameters improved with intratracheal lactate. When exposed to LPS (to recapitulate an inflammatory stimulus as it occurs in ALI), human primary AMs co-cultured with alveolar epithelial cells had reduced inflammatory responses. Taken together, these studies reveal an innate protective pathway, in which lactate produced by ATII cells shifts AMs toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype and dampens excessive inflammation in ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- René M. Roy
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ayed Allawzi
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nana Burns
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christina Sul
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Victoria Rubio
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jessica Graham
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kurt Stenmark
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eva S. Nozik
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rubin M. Tuder
- Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christine U. Vohwinkel
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Developmental Lung Biology, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sakarin S, Rungsipipat A, Surachetpong SD. Perivascular inflammatory cells and their association with pulmonary arterial remodelling in dogs with pulmonary hypertension due to myxomatous mitral valve disease. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1505-1521. [PMID: 36976445 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH), an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), may occur in dogs affected with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Recent studies suggest that an accumulation of perivascular inflammatory cells may be involved with medial thickening which is a sign of the pulmonary artery remodelling in PH. The aim of this study was to characterise perivascular inflammatory cells in the surrounding pulmonary arteries of dogs with PH due to MMVD compared to MMVD dogs and healthy control dogs. Nineteen lung samples were collected from cadavers of small-breed dogs (control n = 5; MMVD n = 7; MMVD + PH n = 7). Toluidine blue stain and multiple IHC targeting α-SMA, vWF, CD20, CD68 and CD3 was performed to examine intimal and medial thickening, assess muscularisation of the small pulmonary arteries and characterise perivascular leucocytes. Medial thickening without intimal thickening of pulmonary arteries and muscularisation of normally non-muscularised small pulmonary arteries was observed in the MMVD and MMVD + PH groups compared with the control group. The perivascular numbers of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and macrophages was significantly increased in the MMVD + PH group compared with the MMVD and control groups. In contrast, the perivascular number of mast cells was significantly higher in the MMVD group compared with the MMVD + PH and control groups. This study suggested that pulmonary artery remodelling as medial thickening and muscularisation of the normally non-muscular small pulmonary arteries is accompanied by the accumulation of perivascular inflammatory cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siriwan Sakarin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- Companion Animal Cancer Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirilak Disatian Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Duan H, Wang L, Huangfu M, Li H. The impact of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids on macrophage activities in disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic potentials. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115276. [PMID: 37542852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from the fermentation of carbohydrates by gut microbiota play a crucial role in regulating host physiology. Among them, acetate, propionate, and butyrate are key players in various biological processes. Recent research has revealed their significant functions in immune and inflammatory responses. For instance, butyrate reduces the development of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) generating cells while promoting the development of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Propionate inhibits the initiation of a Th2 immune response by dendritic cells (DCs). Notably, SCFAs have an inhibitory impact on the polarization of M2 macrophages, emphasizing their immunomodulatory properties and potential for therapeutics. In animal models of asthma, both butyrate and propionate suppress the M2 polarization pathway, thus reducing allergic airway inflammation. Moreover, dysbiosis of gut microbiota leading to altered SCFA production has been implicated in prostate cancer progression. SCFAs trigger autophagy in cancer cells and promote M2 polarization in macrophages, accelerating tumor advancement. Manipulating microbiota- producing SCFAs holds promise for cancer treatment. Additionally, SCFAs enhance the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) by blocking histone deacetylase, resulting in increased production of antibacterial effectors and improved macrophage-mediated elimination of microorganisms. This highlights the antimicrobial potential of SCFAs and their role in host defense mechanisms. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of the latest research on the functional aspects and underlying mechanisms of SCFAs in relation to macrophage activities in a wide range of diseases, including infectious diseases and cancers. By elucidating the intricate interplay between SCFAs and macrophage functions, this review aims to contribute to the understanding of their therapeutic potential and pave the way for future interventions targeting SCFAs in disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Duan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - LiJuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Mingmei Huangfu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Hanyang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Plecitá-Hlavatá L, Brázdová A, Křivonosková M, Hu CJ, Phang T, Tauber J, Li M, Zhang H, Hoetzenecker K, Crnkovic S, Kwapiszewska G, Stenmark KR. Microenvironmental regulation of T-cells in pulmonary hypertension. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1223122. [PMID: 37497214 PMCID: PMC10368362 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In pulmonary hypertension (PH), pulmonary arterial remodeling is often accompanied by perivascular inflammation. The inflammation is characterized by the accumulation of activated macrophages and lymphocytes within the adventitial stroma, which is comprised primarily of fibroblasts. The well-known ability of fibroblasts to secrete interleukins and chemokines has previously been implicated as contributing to this tissue-specific inflammation in PH vessels. We were interested if pulmonary fibroblasts from PH arteries contribute to microenvironmental changes that could activate and polarize T-cells in PH. Methods We used single-cell RNA sequencing of intact bovine distal pulmonary arteries (dPAs) from PH and control animals and flow cytometry, mRNA expression analysis, and respirometry analysis of blood-derived bovine/human T-cells exposed to conditioned media obtained from pulmonary fibroblasts of PH/control animals and IPAH/control patients (CM-(h)PH Fibs vs CM-(h)CO Fibs). Results Single-cell RNA sequencing of intact bovine dPAs from PH and control animals revealed a pro-inflammatory phenotype of CD4+ T-cells and simultaneous absence of regulatory T-cells (FoxP3+ Tregs). By exposing T-cells to CM-(h)PH Fibs we stimulated their proinflammatory differentiation documented by increased IFNγ and decreased IL4, IL10, and TGFβ mRNA and protein expression. Interestingly, we demonstrated a reduction in the number of suppressive T-cell subsets, i.e., human/bovine Tregs and bovine γδ T-cells treated with CM-(h)PH-Fibs. We also noted inhibition of anti-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL10, TGFβ, IL4). Pro-inflammatory polarization of bovine T-cells exposed to CM-PH Fibs correlated with metabolic shift to glycolysis and lactate production with increased prooxidant intracellular status as well as increased proliferation of T-cells. To determine whether metabolic reprogramming of PH-Fibs was directly contributing to the effects of PH-Fibs conditioned media on T-cell polarization, we treated PH-Fibs with the HDAC inhibitor SAHA, which was previously shown to normalize metabolic status and examined the effects of the conditioned media. We observed significant suppression of inflammatory polarization associated with decreased T-cell proliferation and recovery of mitochondrial energy metabolism. Conclusion This study demonstrates how the pulmonary fibroblast-derived microenvironment can activate and differentiate T-cells to trigger local inflammation, which is part of the vascular wall remodeling process in PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Plecitá-Hlavatá
- Laboratory of Pancreatic Islet Research, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Andrea Brázdová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Monika Křivonosková
- Laboratory of Pancreatic Islet Research, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Cheng-Jun Hu
- Department of Craniofacial Biology School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Tzu Phang
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jan Tauber
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Min Li
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | | - Slaven Crnkovic
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Lung Health, Member of the German Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Lung Health, Member of the German Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Crnkovic S, Kwapiszewska G. Guilt by Association: Stepwise Entanglement of the Role of Hypoxia-inducible Factor in Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:6-7. [PMID: 37075325 PMCID: PMC10324046 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0103ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Slaven Crnkovic
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research Graz, Austria
- Division of Physiology Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
- Institute for Lung Health Member of the German Lung Center Giessen, Germany
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research Graz, Austria
- Division of Physiology Medical University of Graz Graz, Austria
- Institute for Lung Health Member of the German Lung Center Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou Y, Dan H, Bai L, Jia L, Lu B, Gu G, Cui W. Continuous Positive Linear Association between the Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Hypertens 2022; 2022:8501726. [PMID: 36532605 PMCID: PMC9754848 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8501726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension poses a major threat to human health, and inflammation is associated with hypertension. The monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) represents a new inflammatory indicator. However, the relationship between the MHR and hypertension remains unclear. The present study investigated the association of MHR with hypertension. METHOD For this cross-sectional study, we continuously collected data from the Physical Examination Centre of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University (N = 6632). The data included patients' demographic information and clinical information including blood pressure, blood biochemical measurements, and MHR. The relationship between the MHR and hypertension was examined using different methods in univariate and multivariate logistic analysis, smooth function analysis, the threshold saturation effect analysis and subgroup analysis. RESULTS The results showed that MHR was positively associated with hypertension without adjustment (odds ratio [OR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-1.12, P < 0.001). The positive association still existed in minimally and fully adjusted models (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.06-1.10, P < 0.001; OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.05-1.10, P < 0.001). Smooth function analysis of a generalized additive model revealed a continuous positive linear association between the MHR and hypertension throughout all MHR data (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.05-1.10, P < 0.001). Subgroups analysis showed the homogeneity of the positive association among different subgroups. CONCLUSIONS A continuous positive linear association was found between the MHR and hypertension in a health examination population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Zhou
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Haijun Dan
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Long Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Limei Jia
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Baojin Lu
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Institute of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Florentin J, Zhao J, Tai YY, Sun W, Ohayon LL, O'Neil SP, Arunkumar A, Zhang X, Zhu J, Al Aaraj Y, Watson A, Sembrat J, Rojas M, Chan SY, Dutta P. Loss of Amphiregulin drives inflammation and endothelial apoptosis in pulmonary hypertension. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/11/e202101264. [PMID: 35732465 PMCID: PMC9218345 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a vascular disease characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, leading to right ventricular failure and death. Pathogenic features of PH include endothelial apoptosis and vascular inflammation, which drive vascular remodeling and increased pulmonary arterial pressure. Re-analysis of the whole transcriptome sequencing comparing human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) isolated from PH and control patients identified AREG, which encodes Amphiregulin, as a key endothelial survival factor. PAECs from PH patients and mice exhibited down-regulation of AREG and its receptor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Moreover, the deficiency of AREG and EGFR in ECs in vivo and in vitro heightened inflammatory leukocyte recruitment, cytokine production, and endothelial apoptosis, as well as diminished angiogenesis. Correspondingly, hypoxic mice lacking Egfr in ECs (cdh5 cre/+ Egfr fl/fl) displayed elevated RVSP and pulmonary remodeling. Computational analysis identified NCOA6, PHB2, and RRP1B as putative genes regulating AREG in endothelial cells. The master transcription factor of hypoxia HIF-1⍺ binds to the promoter regions of these genes and up-regulates their expression in hypoxia. Silencing of these genes in cultured PAECs decreased inflammation and apoptosis, and increased angiogenesis in hypoxic conditions. Our pathway analysis and gene silencing experiments revealed that BCL2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD) is a downstream mediator of AREG BAD silencing in ECs lacking AREG mitigated inflammation and apoptosis, and suppressed tube formation. In conclusion, loss of Amphiregulin and its receptor EGFR in PH is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of PH, promoting pulmonary endothelial cell death, influx of inflammatory myeloid cells, and vascular remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Florentin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jingsi Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yi-Yin Tai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lee L Ohayon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Scott P O'Neil
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anagha Arunkumar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yassmin Al Aaraj
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Annie Watson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John Sembrat
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Partha Dutta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA .,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lai X, Najafi M. Redox Interactions in Chemo/Radiation Therapy-induced Lung Toxicity; Mechanisms and Therapy Perspectives. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1261-1276. [PMID: 35792117 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220705123315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lung toxicity is a key limiting factor for cancer therapy, especially lung, breast, and esophageal malignancies. Radiotherapy for chest and breast malignancies can cause lung injury. However, systemic cancer therapy with chemotherapy may also induce lung pneumonitis and fibrosis. Radiotherapy produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly via interacting with water molecules within cells. However, radiation and other therapy modalities may induce the endogenous generation of ROS and nitric oxide (NO) by immune cells and some nonimmune cells such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells. There are several ROS generating enzymes within lung tissue. NADPH Oxidase enzymes, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), dual oxidases (DUOX1 and DUOX2), and the cellular respiratory system in the mitochondria are the main sources of ROS production following exposure of the lung to anticancer agents. Furthermore, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has a key role in the generation of NO following radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Continuous generation of ROS and NO by endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and lymphocytes causes apoptosis, necrosis, and senescence, which lead to the release of inflammatory and pro-fibrosis cytokines. This review discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms of redox-induced lung injury following cancer therapy and proposes some targets and perspectives to alleviate lung toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Lai
- The Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Affiliated with the Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gu Y, Lawrence T, Mohamed R, Liang Y, Yahaya BH. The emerging roles of interstitial macrophages in pulmonary fibrosis: A perspective from scRNA-seq analyses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:923235. [PMID: 36211428 PMCID: PMC9536737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.923235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is an irreversible and progressive disease affecting the lungs, and the etiology remains poorly understood. This disease can be lethal and currently has no specific clinical therapeutic regimen. Macrophages, the most common type of immune cell in the lungs, have been reported to play a key role in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disease. The lung macrophage population is mostly composed of alveolar macrophages and interstitial macrophages, both of which have not been thoroughly studied in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. Interstitial macrophages have recently been recognised for their participation in lung fibrosis due to new technology arising from a combination of bioinformatics and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. This paper reviews recent developments regarding lung macrophage classification and summarizes the origin and replenishment of interstitial macrophages and their function in pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Gu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Lung Stem Cells and Gene Therapy Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Toby Lawrence
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Cancer Research UK King’s Health Partners Centre, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rafeezul Mohamed
- Lung Stem Cells and Gene Therapy Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Yinming Liang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yinming Liang, ; Badrul Hisham Yahaya,
| | - Badrul Hisham Yahaya
- Lung Stem Cells and Gene Therapy Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Yinming Liang, ; Badrul Hisham Yahaya,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Remes A, Körbelin J, Arnold C, Rohwedder C, Heckmann MB, Mairbauerl H, Frank D, Korff T, Frey N, Trepel M, Müller OJ. AAV-mediated gene transfer of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to an animal model of pulmonary hypertension. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:959-967. [PMID: 35850528 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by progressive obstruction of pulmonary arteries due to inflammatory processes, cellular proliferation, and extracellular matrix deposition and vasoconstriction. As treatment options are limited, we studied gene transfer of an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors specifically targeted to endothelial cells of pulmonary vessels in a murine model of PH. Adult mice were intravenously injected with AAV vectors expressing iNOS. Mice were subjected to hypoxia for three weeks and sacrificed afterwards. We found elevated levels of iNOS both in lung tissue and pulmonary endothelial cells in hypoxic controls which could be further increased by AAV-mediated iNOS gene transfer. This additional increase in iNOS was associated with decreased wall thickness of pulmonary vessels, less macrophage infiltration, and reduced molecular markers of fibrosis. Taken together, using a tissue-targeted approach, we show that AAV-mediated iNOS overexpression in endothelial cells of the pulmonary vasculature significantly decreases vascular remodeling in a murine model of PH, suggesting upregulation of iNOS as promising target for treatment of PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anca Remes
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany, Kiel, Germany;
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Martinistr. 52, Division of Pneumology, Hamburg, Germany, 20246;
| | - Caroline Arnold
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Germany, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Carolin Rohwedder
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Markus Benjamin Heckmann
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Heimo Mairbauerl
- Medical Clinic VII, Heidelberg University, Germany and Translational Lung Research Center, part of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Germany, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Derk Frank
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany, Kiel, Germany;
| | - Thomas Korff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, Germany, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Norbert Frey
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Martin Trepel
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Germany, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Augsburg, Germany, Ausburg, Germany;
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany, Kiel, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cunningham CM, Li M, Ruffenach G, Doshi M, Aryan L, Hong J, Park J, Hrncir H, Medzikovic L, Umar S, Arnold AP, Eghbali M. Y-Chromosome Gene, Uty, Protects Against Pulmonary Hypertension by Reducing Proinflammatory Chemokines. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:186-196. [PMID: 35504005 PMCID: PMC9887415 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202110-2309oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a terminal pulmonary vascular disease characterized by increased pressure, right ventricular failure, and death. PAH exhibits a striking sex bias and is up to four times more prevalent in females. Understanding the molecular basis behind sex differences could help uncover novel therapies. Objectives: We previously discovered that the Y chromosome is protective against hypoxia-induced experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH), which may contribute to sex differences in PAH. Here, we identify the gene responsible for Y-chromosome protection, investigate key downstream autosomal genes, and demonstrate a novel preclinical therapy. Methods: To test the effect of Y-chromosome genes on PH development, we knocked down each Y-chromosome gene expressed in the lung by means of intratracheal instillation of siRNA in gonadectomized male mice exposed to hypoxia and monitored changes in right ventricular and pulmonary artery hemodynamics. We compared the lung transcriptome of Uty knockdown mouse lungs to those of male and female PAH patient lungs to identify common downstream pathogenic chemokines and tested the effects of these chemokines on human pulmonary artery endothelial cells. We further inhibited the activity of these chemokines in two preclinical pulmonary hypertension models to test the therapeutic efficacy. Measurements and Main Results: Knockdown of the Y-chromosome gene Uty resulted in more severe PH measured by increased right ventricular pressure and decreased pulmonary artery acceleration time. RNA sequencing revealed an increase in proinflammatory chemokines Cxcl9 and Cxcl10 as a result of Uty knockdown. We found CXCL9 and CXCL10 significantly upregulated in human PAH lungs, with more robust upregulation in females with PAH. Treatment of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells with CXCL9 and CXCL10 triggered apoptosis. Inhibition of Cxcl9 and Cxcl10 expression in male Uty knockout mice and CXCL9 and CXCL10 activity in female rats significantly reduced PH severity. Conclusions:Uty is protective against PH. Reduction of Uty expression results in increased expression of proinflammatory chemokines Cxcl9 and Cxcl10, which trigger endothelial cell death and PH. Inhibition of CLXC9 and CXLC10 rescues PH development in multiple experimental models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Cunningham
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology,,School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California;,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; and
| | - Min Li
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology
| | | | - Mitali Doshi
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology,,University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Laila Aryan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology
| | - Jason Hong
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology,,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - John Park
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology
| | - Haley Hrncir
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Soban Umar
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology
| | - Arthur P. Arnold
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Campbell NV, Mickael C, Kumar S, Zhang H, Campbell IL, Gillen AE, Trentin CO, Diener K, Gao B, Kheyfets VO, Gu S, Kumar R, Phang T, Brown RD, Graham BB, Stenmark KR. Single-cell RNA sequencing and binary hierarchical clustering define lung interstitial macrophage heterogeneity in response to hypoxia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L58-L68. [PMID: 35608266 PMCID: PMC9273277 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00104.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have examined lung interstitial macrophage (IM) molecular phenotypes after being exposed to hypoxia in vivo at the single-cell level, even though macrophages contribute to hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (PH). We aimed to determine IM diversity and its association with hypoxia-induced PH. We hypothesized that integrating single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and binary hierarchal clustering (BHC) could resolve IM heterogeneity under normal homeostatic conditions and changes induced by hypoxia exposure. Cx3cr1GFP/+ reporter mice were exposed to normoxic conditions (∼21% [Formula: see text]) or exposed to 1 day (D1) or 7 days (D7) of hypoxia (∼10% [Formula: see text]). We used flow cytometry to isolate Cx3cr1+ IMs and the 10X Genomics platform for scRNAseq, Cell Ranger, Seurat, ClusterMap, monocle, ingenuity pathway analysis, and Fisher's exact test (q value < 0.05) for functional investigations. n = 374 (normoxia), n = 2,526 (D1), and n = 1,211 (D7) IMs were included in the analyses. We identified three normoxia-related cell types, five hypoxia-associated cell types that emerged at D1, and three that appeared at D7. We describe the existence of a putative resident trained innate IM, which is present in normoxia, transiently depleted at D1, and recovered after 7 days of sustained hypoxia. We also define a rare putative pathogenic population associated with transcripts implicated in PH development that emerges at D7. In closing, we describe the successful integration of BHC with scRNAseq to determine IM heterogeneity and its association with PH. These results shed light on how resident-trained innate IMs become more heterogeneous but ultimately accustomed to hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nzali V Campbell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Claudia Mickael
- Department of Medicine-Pulmonary Sciences & Critical Care, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ian L Campbell
- School of Humanities and Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Austin E Gillen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Caio O Trentin
- Department of Medicine-Pulmonary Sciences & Critical Care, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Katrina Diener
- Department of Medicine-Pulmonary Sciences & Critical Care, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bifeng Gao
- Department of Medicine-Pulmonary Sciences & Critical Care, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Vitaly O Kheyfets
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sue Gu
- Department of Medicine-Pulmonary Sciences & Critical Care, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tzu Phang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine-Bioinformatics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - R Dale Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Brian B Graham
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Florentin J, O'Neil SP, Ohayon LL, Uddin A, Vasamsetti SB, Arunkumar A, Ghosh S, Boatz JC, Sui J, Kliment CR, Chan SY, Dutta P. VEGF Receptor 1 Promotes Hypoxia-Induced Hematopoietic Progenitor Proliferation and Differentiation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:882484. [PMID: 35634304 PMCID: PMC9133347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.882484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is well known that hypoxia incites unleashed cellular inflammation, the mechanisms of exaggerated cellular inflammation in hypoxic conditions are not known. We observed augmented proliferation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC), precursors of inflammatory leukocytes, in mice under hypoxia. Consistently, a transcriptomic analysis of human HSPC exposed to hypoxic conditions revealed elevated expression of genes involved in progenitor proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, bone marrow cells in mice expressed high amount of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and HSPC elevated VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFr1) and its target genes in hypoxic conditions. In line with this, VEGFr1 blockade in vivo and in vitro decreased HSPC proliferation and attenuated inflammation. In silico and ChIP experiments demonstrated that HIF-1α binds to the promoter region of VEGFR1. Correspondingly, HIF1a silencing decreased VEGFr1 expression in HSPC and diminished their proliferation. These results indicate that VEGF signaling in HSPC is an important mediator of their proliferation and differentiation in hypoxia-induced inflammation and represents a potential therapeutic target to prevent aberrant inflammation in hypoxia-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Florentin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Scott P O'Neil
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lee L Ohayon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Afaz Uddin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sathish Babu Vasamsetti
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Anagha Arunkumar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Samit Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer C Boatz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Justin Sui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Corrine R Kliment
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Partha Dutta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Moshkelgosha S, Duong A, Wilson G, Andrews T, Berra G, Renaud-Picard B, Liu M, Keshavjee S, MacParland S, Yeung J, Martinu T, Juvet S. Interferon-stimulated and metallothionein-expressing macrophages are associated with acute and chronic allograft dysfunction after lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022; 41:1556-1569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
|
17
|
Chen J, Rodriguez M, Miao J, Liao J, Jain PP, Zhao M, Zhao T, Babicheva A, Wang Z, Parmisano S, Powers R, Matti M, Paquin C, Soroureddin Z, Shyy JYJ, Thistlethwaite PA, Makino A, Wang J, Yuan JXJ. Mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 is required for pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L737-L760. [PMID: 35318857 PMCID: PMC9076422 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00447.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentric pulmonary vascular wall thickening due partially to increased pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation contributes to elevating pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Although pulmonary vasoconstriction may be an early contributor to increasing PVR, the transition of contractile PASMCs to proliferative PASMCs may play an important role in the development and progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling in PH. A rise in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) is a trigger for PASMC contraction and proliferation. Here, we report that upregulation of Piezo1, a mechanosensitive cation channel, is involved in the contractile-to-proliferative phenotypic transition of PASMCs and potential development of pulmonary vascular remodeling. By comparing freshly isolated PA (contractile PASMCs) and primary cultured PASMCs (from the same rat) in a growth medium (proliferative PASMCs), we found that Piezo1, Notch2/3, and CaSR protein levels were significantly higher in proliferative PASMCs than in contractile PASMCs. Upregulated Piezo1 was associated with an increase in expression of PCNA, a marker for cell proliferation, whereas downregulation (with siRNA) or inhibition (with GsMTx4) of Piezo1 attenuated PASMC proliferation. Furthermore, Piezo1 in the remodeled PA from rats with experimental PH was upregulated compared with PA from control rats. These data indicate that PASMC contractile-to-proliferative phenotypic transition is associated with the transition or adaptation of membrane channels and receptors. Upregulated Piezo1 may play a critical role in PASMC phenotypic transition and PASMC proliferation. Upregulation of Piezo1 in proliferative PASMCs may likely be required to provide sufficient Ca2+ to assure nuclear/cell division and PASMC proliferation, contributing to the development and progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling in PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Chen
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Marisela Rodriguez
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jinrui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pritesh P Jain
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Manjia Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tengteng Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Aleksandra Babicheva
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sophia Parmisano
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ryan Powers
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Moreen Matti
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Cole Paquin
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Zahra Soroureddin
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Patricia A Thistlethwaite
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jian Wang
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Potential long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the pulmonary vasculature: a global perspective. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 19:314-331. [PMID: 34873286 PMCID: PMC8647069 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The lungs are the primary target of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, with severe hypoxia being the cause of death in the most critical cases. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is extremely heterogeneous in terms of severity, clinical phenotype and, importantly, global distribution. Although the majority of affected patients recover from the acute infection, many continue to suffer from late sequelae affecting various organs, including the lungs. The role of the pulmonary vascular system during the acute and chronic stages of COVID-19 has not been adequately studied. A thorough understanding of the origins and dynamic behaviour of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the potential causes of heterogeneity in COVID-19 is essential for anticipating and treating the disease, in both the acute and the chronic stages, including the development of chronic pulmonary hypertension. Both COVID-19 and chronic pulmonary hypertension have assumed global dimensions, with potential complex interactions. In this Review, we present an update on the origins and behaviour of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and discuss the potential causes of the heterogeneity of COVID-19. In addition, we summarize the pathobiology of COVID-19, with an emphasis on the role of the pulmonary vasculature, both in the acute stage and in terms of the potential for developing chronic pulmonary hypertension. We hope that the information presented in this Review will help in the development of strategies for the prevention and treatment of the continuing COVID-19 pandemic. In this Review, the authors discuss the potential causes of the heterogeneity of COVID-19 and summarize the pathobiology of the disease, with an emphasis on the role of the pulmonary vasculature in the acute stage and the potential for developing chronic pulmonary hypertension. A thorough understanding of the dynamic behaviour of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential to understanding its heterogeneous effects on the pulmonary vasculature in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The severity and clinical phenotype of COVID-19 are influenced by host factors, including socioeconomic factors and genetics. Silent hypoxia is a major and independent cause of lung damage in COVID-19; the use of modern imaging techniques is proving to be very valuable in identifying silent hypoxia. The pulmonary vascular system has a major role in the pathobiology of COVID-19. Both COVID-19 and chronic pulmonary hypertension are global diseases with a complex interaction.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is characterized by obliteration and obstruction of the pulmonary arterioles that in turn results in high right ventricular afterload and right heart failure. The pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension is complex, with contributions from multiple pathophysiologic processes that are regulated by a variety of molecular mechanisms. This nature likely explains the limited efficacy of our current therapies, which only target a small portion of the pathobiological mechanisms that underlie advanced disease. Here we review the pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension, focusing on the systemic, cellular, and molecular mechanisms that underlie the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Room 128A Hanes House, 330 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Yen-Rei A Yu
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, 12605 E. 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kumar S, Frid MG, Zhang H, Li M, Riddle S, Brown RD, Yadav SC, Roy MK, Dzieciatkowska ME, D'Alessandro A, Hansen KC, Stenmark KR. Complement-containing small extracellular vesicles from adventitial fibroblasts induce proinflammatory and metabolic reprogramming in macrophages. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e148382. [PMID: 34499621 PMCID: PMC8663554 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe cardiopulmonary disease characterized by complement-dependent, fibroblast-induced perivascular accumulation and proinflammatory activation of macrophages. We hypothesized that, in PH, nanoscale-sized small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), released by perivascular/adventitial fibroblasts, are critical mediators of complement-dependent proinflammatory activation of macrophages. Pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts were isolated from calves with severe PH (PH-Fibs) and age-matched controls (CO-Fibs). PH-Fibs exhibited increased secretion of sEVs, compared with CO-Fibs, and sEV biological activity was tested on mouse and bovine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and showed similar responses. Compared with sEVs derived from CO-Fibs, sEVs derived from PH-Fibs (PH-Fib-sEVs) induced augmented expression of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines and metabolic genes in BMDMs. Pharmacological blockade of exosome release from PH-Fibs resulted in significant attenuation of proinflammatory activation of BMDMs. "Bottom-up" proteomic analyses revealed significant enrichment of complement and coagulation cascades in PH-Fib-sEVs, including augmented expression of the complement component C3. We therefore examined whether the PH-Fib-sEV-mediated proinflammatory activation of BMDMs was complement C3 dependent. Treatment of PH-Fibs with siC3-RNA significantly attenuated the capacity of PH-Fib-sEVs for proinflammatory activation of BMDMs. PH-Fib-sEVs mediated proglycolytic alterations and complement-dependent activation of macrophages toward a proinflammatory phenotype, as confirmed by metabolomic studies. Thus, fibroblast-released sEVs served as critical mediators of complement-induced perivascular/microenvironmental inflammation in PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Maria G Frid
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Min Li
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Suzette Riddle
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - R Dale Brown
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Micaela K Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Monika E Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Karoor V, Swindle D, Pak DI, Strassheim D, Fini MA, Dempsey E, Stenmark KR, Hassell K, Nuss R, Buehler PW, Irwin DC. Evidence supporting a role for circulating macrophages in the regression of vascular remodeling following sub-chronic exposure to hemoglobin plus hypoxia. Pulm Circ 2021; 11:20458940211056806. [PMID: 34777787 PMCID: PMC8573496 DOI: 10.1177/20458940211056806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous population with both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions play an essential role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, promoting inflammation under pathological conditions, and tissue repair after injury. In pulmonary hypertension, the M1 phenotype is more pro-inflammatory compared to the M2 phenotype, which is involved in tissue repair. The role of macrophages in the initiation and progression of pulmonary hypertension is well studied. However, their role in the regression of established pulmonary hypertension is not well known. Rats chronically exposed to hemoglobin (Hb) plus hypoxia (HX) share similarities to humans with pulmonary hypertension associated with hemolytic disease, including the presence of a unique macrophage phenotype surrounding distal vessels that are associated with vascular remodeling. These lung macrophages are characterized by high iron content, HO-1, ET-1, and IL-6, and are recruited from the circulation. Depletion of macrophages in this model prevents the development of pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling. In this study, we specifically investigate the regression of pulmonary hypertension over a four-week duration after rats were removed from Hb + HX exposure with and without gadolinium chloride administration. Withdrawal of Hb + HX reversed systolic pressures and right ventricular function after Hb + Hx exposure in four weeks. Our data show that depleting circulating monocytes/macrophages during reversal prevents complete recovery of right ventricular systolic pressure and vascular remodeling in this rat model of pulmonary hypertension at four weeks post exposure. The data presented offer a novel insight into the role of macrophages in the processes of pulmonary hypertension regression in a rodent model of Hb + Hx-driven disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Karoor
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Delaney Swindle
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David I Pak
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Derek Strassheim
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mehdi A Fini
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edward Dempsey
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kathryn Hassell
- Division of Hematology Colorado Sickle Cell Treatment and Research Center, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rachelle Nuss
- Division of Hematology Colorado Sickle Cell Treatment and Research Center, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul W. Buehler
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Center for Blood Oxygen Transport, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David C. Irwin
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Karoor V, Strassheim D, Sullivan T, Verin A, Umapathy NS, Dempsey EC, Frank DN, Stenmark KR, Gerasimovskaya E. The Short-Chain Fatty Acid Butyrate Attenuates Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling and Inflammation in Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9916. [PMID: 34576081 PMCID: PMC8467617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive cardiovascular disorder in which local vascular inflammation leads to increased pulmonary vascular remodeling and ultimately to right heart failure. The HDAC inhibitor butyrate, a product of microbial fermentation, is protective in inflammatory intestinal diseases, but little is known regarding its effect on extraintestinal diseases, such as PH. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that butyrate is protective in a Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model of hypoxic PH. Treatment with butyrate (220 mg/kg intake) prevented hypoxia-induced right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), hypoxia-induced increases in right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), pulmonary vascular remodeling, and permeability. A reversal effect of butyrate (2200 mg/kg intake) was observed on elevated RVH. Butyrate treatment also increased the acetylation of histone H3, 25-34 kDa, and 34-50 kDa proteins in the total lung lysates of butyrate-treated animals. In addition, butyrate decreased hypoxia-induced accumulation of alveolar (mostly CD68+) and interstitial (CD68+ and CD163+) lung macrophages. Analysis of cytokine profiles in lung tissue lysates showed a hypoxia-induced upregulation of TIMP-1, CINC-1, and Fractalkine and downregulation of soluble ICAM (sICAM). The expression of Fractalkine and VEGFα, but not CINC-1, TIMP-1, and sICAM was downregulated by butyrate. In rat microvascular endothelial cells (RMVEC), butyrate (1 mM, 2 and 24 h) exhibited a protective effect against TNFα- and LPS-induced barrier disruption. Butyrate (1 mM, 24 h) also upregulated tight junctional proteins (occludin, cingulin, claudin-1) and increased the acetylation of histone H3 but not α-tubulin. These findings provide evidence of the protective effect of butyrate on hypoxic PH and suggest its potential use as a complementary treatment for PH and other cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Karoor
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Derek Strassheim
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Timothy Sullivan
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Alexander Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.V.); (N.S.U.)
| | - Nagavedi S. Umapathy
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.V.); (N.S.U.)
- Center for Blood Disorders, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Edward C. Dempsey
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA;
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (V.K.); (D.S.); (T.S.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li M, Riddle S, Kumar S, Poczobutt J, McKeon BA, Frid MG, Ostaff M, Reisz JA, Nemkov T, Fini MA, Laux A, Hu CJ, El Kasmi KC, D’Alessandro A, Brown RD, Zhang H, Stenmark KR. Microenvironmental Regulation of Macrophage Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Profiles in Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640718. [PMID: 33868271 PMCID: PMC8044406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recruitment and subsequent polarization of inflammatory monocytes/macrophages in the perivascular regions of pulmonary arteries is a key feature of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the mechanisms driving macrophage polarization within the adventitial microenvironment during PH progression remain unclear. We previously established that reciprocal interactions between fibroblasts and macrophages are essential in driving the activated phenotype of both cell types although the signals involved in these interactions remain undefined. We sought to test the hypothesis that adventitial fibroblasts produce a complex array of metabolites and proteins that coordinately direct metabolomic and transcriptomic re-programming of naïve macrophages to recapitulate the pathophysiologic phenotype observed in PH. Media conditioned by pulmonary artery adventitial fibroblasts isolated from pulmonary hypertensive (PH-CM) or age-matched control (CO-CM) calves were used to activate bone marrow derived macrophages. RNA-Seq and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analyses were performed. Fibroblast conditioned medium from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension or controls were used to validate transcriptional findings. The microenvironment was targeted in vitro using a fibroblast-macrophage co-culture system and in vivo in a mouse model of hypoxia-induced PH. Both CO-CM and PH-CM actively, yet distinctly regulated macrophage transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles. Network integration revealed coordinated rewiring of pro-inflammatory and pro-remodeling gene regulation in concert with altered mitochondrial and intermediary metabolism in response to PH-CM. Pro-inflammation and metabolism are key regulators of macrophage phenotype in vitro, and are closely related to in vivo flow sorted lung interstitial/perivascular macrophages from hypoxic mice. Metabolic changes are accompanied by increased free NADH levels and increased expression of a metabolic sensor and transcriptional co-repressor, C-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1), a mechanism shared with adventitial PH-fibroblasts. Targeting the microenvironment created by both cell types with the CtBP1 inhibitor MTOB, inhibited macrophage pro-inflammatory and metabolic re-programming both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, coordinated transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming is a critical mechanism regulating macrophage polarization in response to the complex adventitial microenvironment in PH. Targeting the adventitial microenvironment can return activated macrophages toward quiescence and attenuate pathological remodeling that drives PH progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Suzette Riddle
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Joanna Poczobutt
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - B. Alexandre McKeon
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Maria G. Frid
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Maureen Ostaff
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Julie A. Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mehdi A. Fini
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Aya Laux
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Cheng-Jun Hu
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Karim C. El Kasmi
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - R. Dale Brown
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Qiu H, Zhang Y, Li Z, Jiang P, Guo S, He Y, Guo Y. Donepezil Ameliorates Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Inhibiting M2-Macrophage Activation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:639541. [PMID: 33791350 PMCID: PMC8005547 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.639541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The beneficial effects of parasympathetic stimulation in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have been reported. However, the specific mechanism has not been completely clarified. Donepezil, an oral cholinesterase inhibitor, enhances parasympathetic activity by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, whose therapeutic effects in PAH and its mechanism deserve to be investigated. Methods: The PAH model was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline (MCT, 50 mg/kg) in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Donepezil was administered via intraperitoneal injection daily after 1 week of MCT administration. At the end of the study, PAH status was confirmed by echocardiography and hemodynamic measurement. Testing for acetylcholinesterase activity and cholinergic receptor expression was used to evaluate parasympathetic activity. Indicators of pulmonary arterial remodeling and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction were assayed. The proliferative and apoptotic ability of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), inflammatory reaction, macrophage infiltration in the lung, and activation of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were also tested. PASMCs from the MCT-treated rats were co-cultured with the supernatant of BMDMs treated with donepezil, and then, the proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs were evaluated. Results: Donepezil treatment effectively enhanced parasympathetic activity. Furthermore, it markedly reduced mean pulmonary arterial pressure and RV systolic pressure in the MCT-treated rats, as well as reversed pulmonary arterial remodeling and RV dysfunction. Donepezil also reduced the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of PASMCs in the MCT-treated rats. In addition, it suppressed the inflammatory response and macrophage activation in both lung tissue and BMDMs in the model rats. More importantly, donepezil reduced the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of PASMCs by suppressing M2-macrophage activation. Conclusion: Donepezil could prevent pulmonary vascular and RV remodeling, thereby reversing PAH progression. Moreover, enhancement of the parasympathetic activity could reduce the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of PASMCs in PAH by suppressing M2-macrophage activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Qiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Florentin J, Zhao J, Tai YY, Vasamsetti SB, O’Neil SP, Kumar R, Arunkumar A, Watson A, Sembrat J, Bullock GC, Sanders L, Kassa B, Rojas M, Graham BB, Chan SY, Dutta P. Interleukin-6 mediates neutrophil mobilization from bone marrow in pulmonary hypertension. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:374-384. [PMID: 33420357 PMCID: PMC8027442 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells, such as neutrophils, are produced in the bone marrow in high quantities and are important in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as pulmonary hypertension (PH). Although neutrophil recruitment into sites of inflammation has been well studied, the mechanisms of neutrophil egress from the bone marrow are not well understood. Using computational flow cytometry, we observed increased neutrophils in the lungs of patients and mice with PH. Moreover, we found elevated levels of IL-6 in the blood and lungs of patients and mice with PH. We observed that transgenic mice overexpressing Il-6 in the lungs displayed elevated neutrophil egress from the bone marrow and exaggerated neutrophil recruitment to the lungs, resulting in exacerbated pulmonary vascular remodeling, and dysfunctional hemodynamics. Mechanistically, we found that IL-6-induced neutrophil egress from the bone marrow was dependent on interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF-4)-mediated CX3CR1 expression in neutrophils. Consequently, Cx3cr1 genetic deficiency in hematopoietic cells in Il-6-transgenic mice significantly reduced neutrophil egress from bone marrow and decreased neutrophil counts in the lungs, thus ameliorating pulmonary remodeling and hemodynamics. In summary, these findings define a novel mechanism of IL-6-induced neutrophil egress from the bone marrow and reveal a new therapeutic target to curtail neutrophil-mediated inflammation in pulmonary vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Florentin
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Jingsi Zhao
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Yi-Yin Tai
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Sathish Babu Vasamsetti
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Scott P. O’Neil
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California San Francisco, Building 100, 2nd floor, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Anagha Arunkumar
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Annie Watson
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - John Sembrat
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Grant C. Bullock
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433Division of Hematopathology, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Linda Sanders
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDepartment of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Building RC2, 9th floor, 12700 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Biruk Kassa
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California San Francisco, Building 100, 2nd floor, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Brian B. Graham
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDepartment of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Building RC2, 9th floor, 12700 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Stephen Y. Chan
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Partha Dutta
- grid.412689.00000 0001 0650 7433Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Delaney C, Davizon-Castillo P, Allawzi A, Posey J, Gandjeva A, Neeves K, Tuder RM, Di Paola J, Stenmark KR, Nozik ES. Platelet activation contributes to hypoxia-induced inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 320:L413-L421. [PMID: 33264579 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00519.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is central to the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Inflammation precedes remodeling in preclinical models, thus supporting the concept that changes in immunity drive remodeling in PH. Platelets are recognized as mediators of inflammation, but whether platelets contribute to hypoxia-driven inflammation has not been studied. We utilized a murine hypoxia model to test the hypothesis that platelets drive hypoxia-induced inflammation. We evaluated male and female 9-wk-old normoxic and hypoxic mice and in selected experiments included hypoxic thrombocytopenic mice. Thrombocytopenic mice were generated with an anti-GP1bα rat IgG antibody. We also performed immunostaining of lung sections from failed donor controls and patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. We found that platelets are increased in the lungs of hypoxic mice and hypoxia induces platelet activation. Platelet depletion prevents hypoxia-driven increases in the proinflammatory chemokines CXCL4 and CCL5 and attenuates hypoxia-induced increase in plasma CSF-2. Pulmonary interstitial macrophages are increased in the lungs of hypoxic mice; this increase is prevented in thrombocytopenic mice. To determine the potential relevance to human disease, lung sections from donors and patients with advanced idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH) were immunostained for the platelet-specific protein CD41. We observed iPAH lungs had a two-fold increase in CD41, compared with controls. Our data provide evidence that the platelet count is increased in the lungs and activated in mice with hypoxia-induced inflammation and provides rationale for the further study of the potential contribution of platelets to inflammatory mediated vascular remodeling and PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy Delaney
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Pavel Davizon-Castillo
- Section of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ayed Allawzi
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Janelle Posey
- Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Aneta Gandjeva
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Keith Neeves
- Section of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Eva S Nozik
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hu Y, Chi L, Kuebler WM, Goldenberg NM. Perivascular Inflammation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112338. [PMID: 33105588 PMCID: PMC7690279 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular inflammation is a prominent pathologic feature in most animal models of pulmonary hypertension (PH) as well as in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients. Accumulating evidence suggests a functional role of perivascular inflammation in the initiation and/or progression of PAH and pulmonary vascular remodeling. High levels of cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory mediators can be detected in PAH patients and correlate with clinical outcome. Similarly, multiple immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes characteristically accumulate around pulmonary vessels in PAH. Concomitantly, vascular and parenchymal cells including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts change their phenotype, resulting in altered sensitivity to inflammatory triggers and their enhanced capacity to stage inflammatory responses themselves, as well as the active secretion of cytokines and chemokines. The growing recognition of the interaction between inflammatory cells, vascular cells, and inflammatory mediators may provide important clues for the development of novel, safe, and effective immunotargeted therapies in PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Hu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada;
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Leon Chi
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada;
| | - Wolfgang M. Kuebler
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada;
- Departments of Physiology and Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada
- Institute of Physiology, Charité Universitäts Medizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-528-501
| | - Neil M. Goldenberg
- Departments of Physiology and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada;
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5B1W8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Huertas A, Tu L, Humbert M, Guignabert C. Chronic inflammation within the vascular wall in pulmonary arterial hypertension: more than a spectator. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:885-893. [PMID: 31813986 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review seeks to provide an update of preclinical findings and available clinical data on the chronic persistent inflammation and its direct role on the pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) progression. We reviewed the different mechanisms by which the inflammatory and immune pathways contribute to the structural and functional changes occurring in the three vascular compartments: the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. We also discussed how these inflammatory mediator changes may serve as a biomarker of the PAH progression and summarize unanswered questions and opportunities for future studies in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Huertas
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 133, Avenue de la Résistance; 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service de Pneumologie, AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ly Tu
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 133, Avenue de la Résistance; 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 133, Avenue de la Résistance; 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Service de Pneumologie, AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 133, Avenue de la Résistance; 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kumar R, Mickael C, Kassa B, Sanders L, Hernandez-Saavedra D, Koyanagi DE, Kumar S, Pugliese SC, Thomas S, McClendon J, Maloney JP, Janssen WJ, Stenmark KR, Tuder RM, Graham BB. Interstitial macrophage-derived thrombospondin-1 contributes to hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:2021-2030. [PMID: 31710666 PMCID: PMC7519884 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling is required for chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). The activation of TGF-β by thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) contributes to the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced PH. However, neither the cellular source of pathologic TSP-1 nor the downstream signalling pathway that link activated TGF-β to PH have been determined. In this study, we hypothesized that circulating monocytes, which are recruited to become interstitial macrophages (IMs), are the major source of TSP-1 in hypoxia-exposed mice, and TSP-1 activates TGF-β with increased Rho-kinase signalling, causing vasoconstriction. METHODS AND RESULTS Flow cytometry revealed that a specific subset of IMs is the major source of pathologic TSP-1 in hypoxia. Intravenous depletion and parabiosis experiments demonstrated that these cells are circulating prior to recruitment into the interstitium. Rho-kinase-mediated vasoconstriction was a major downstream target of active TGF-β. Thbs1 deficient bone marrow (BM) protected against hypoxic-PH by blocking TGF-β activation and Rho-kinase-mediated vasoconstriction. CONCLUSION In hypoxia-challenged mice, BM derived and circulating monocytes are recruited to become IMs which express TSP-1, resulting in TGF-β activation and Rho-kinase-mediated vasoconstriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California, San Francisco, Building 100, 3rd floor, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Claudia Mickael
- Department of Medicine, Program in Translational Lung Research, Anschutz Medical Campus, Building RC2, 9th floor, 12700 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Biruk Kassa
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California, San Francisco, Building 100, 3rd floor, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Linda Sanders
- Department of Medicine, Program in Translational Lung Research, Anschutz Medical Campus, Building RC2, 9th floor, 12700 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel Hernandez-Saavedra
- Department of Medicine, Program in Translational Lung Research, Anschutz Medical Campus, Building RC2, 9th floor, 12700 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Daniel E Koyanagi
- Department of Medicine, Program in Translational Lung Research, Anschutz Medical Campus, Building RC2, 9th floor, 12700 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Anschutz Medical Campus, Building RC2, 8th floor, 12700 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Steve C Pugliese
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 831 Gates building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stacey Thomas
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Jazalle McClendon
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - James P Maloney
- Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Building RC2, 9th floor, 12700 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - William J Janssen
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Anschutz Medical Campus, Building RC2, 8th floor, 12700 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rubin M Tuder
- Department of Medicine, Program in Translational Lung Research, Anschutz Medical Campus, Building RC2, 9th floor, 12700 E 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brian B Graham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California, San Francisco, Building 100, 3rd floor, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Song JQ, Jiang LY, Fu CP, Wu X, Liu ZL, Xie L, Wu XD, Hao SY, Li SQ. Heterozygous SOD2 deletion deteriorated chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced lung inflammation and vascular remodeling through mtROS-NLRP3 signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1197-1207. [PMID: 32066884 PMCID: PMC7608479 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is the hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Among the first line of defense against oxidative stress is the dismutation of superoxide radicals, which in the mitochondria is carried out by manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2). In this study, wild-type (WT) and SOD2-heterozygous knockout (SOD2+/−) mice were exposed to CIH or normoxic (Nor) conditions. After 4 weeks, pulmonary artery pressure was measured, and the mice were processed to harvest either serum for cytokine assays or lungs for flow cytometry and histopathological studies. Herein, we showed that heterozygous deletion of SOD2 markedly deteriorated pulmonary remodeling and increased the oxidative stress, especially promoted the infiltration of macrophages in the lungs of CIH mouse. Moreover, in the intermittent hypoxia (IH)-treated RAW264.7 cells, SOD2 knockdown increased the nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation accompanied with the IL-1β elevation and caspase-1 activity. Additionally, mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) scavenger mito-TEMPO abolished NLRP3 inflammasome activation in IH-treated RAW264.7 cells. Collectively, our results supported that SOD2 contributed to the pathogenesis of CIH-induced lung remodeling. Meanwhile, SOD2 knockdown exacerbates oxidative damage through assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. SOD2 may be a novel therapeutic target for CIH-induced pulmonary inflammation and arteriole remodeling.
Collapse
|
31
|
Meng L, Teng X, Liu Y, Yang C, Wang S, Yuan W, Meng J, Chi H, Duan L, Liu X. Vital Roles of Gremlin-1 in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Induced by Systemic-to-Pulmonary Shunts. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016586. [PMID: 32750294 PMCID: PMC7792280 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Heterozygous mutation in BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) receptor 2 is rare, but BMP cascade suppression is common in congenital heart disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (CHD-PAH); however, the underling mechanism of BMP cascade suppression independent of BMP receptor 2 mutation is unknown. Methods and Results Pulmonary hypertensive status observed in CHD-PAH was surgically reproduced in rats. Gremlin-1 expression was increased, but BMP cascade was suppressed, in lungs from CHD-PAH patients and shunted rats, whereas shunt correction retarded these trends in rats. Immunostaining demonstrated increased gremlin-1 was mainly in the endothelium and media of remodeled pulmonary arteries. However, mechanical stretch time- and amplitude-dependently stimulated gremlin-1 secretion and suppressed BMP cascade in distal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from healthy rats. Under static condition, gremlin-1 significantly promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of distal pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from healthy rats via BMP cascade. Furthermore, plasma gremlin-1 closely correlated with hemodynamic parameters in CHD-PAH patients and shunted rats. Conclusions Serving as an endogenous antagonist of BMP cascade, the increase of gremlin-1 in CHD-PAH may present a reasonable mechanism explanation for BMP cascade suppression independent of BMP receptor 2 mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liukun Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Xiao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Shengwei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Center Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Diseases Beijing China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Medical Research Center Beijing Chao-Yang HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Jian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Hongjie Chi
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research Beijing Chao-Yang HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Lihua Duan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Medical Research Center Beijing Chao-Yang HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing China.,Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research Beijing Chao-Yang HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhao J, Florentin J, Tai YY, Torrino S, Ohayon L, Brzoska T, Tang Y, Yang J, Negi V, Woodcock CSC, Risbano MG, Nouraie SM, Sundd P, Bertero T, Dutta P, Chan SY. Long Range Endocrine Delivery of Circulating miR-210 to Endothelium Promotes Pulmonary Hypertension. Circ Res 2020; 127:677-692. [PMID: 32493166 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Unproven theories abound regarding the long-range uptake and endocrine activity of extracellular blood-borne microRNAs into tissue. In pulmonary hypertension (PH), microRNA-210 (miR-210) in pulmonary endothelial cells promotes disease, but its activity as an extracellular molecule is incompletely defined. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether chronic and endogenous endocrine delivery of extracellular miR-210 to pulmonary vascular endothelial cells promotes PH. METHODS AND RESULTS Using miR-210 replete (wild-type [WT]) and knockout mice, we tracked blood-borne miR-210 using bone marrow transplantation and parabiosis (conjoining of circulatory systems). With bone marrow transplantation, circulating miR-210 was derived predominantly from bone marrow. Via parabiosis during chronic hypoxia to induce miR-210 production and PH, miR-210 was undetectable in knockout-knockout mice pairs. However, in plasma and lung endothelium, but not smooth muscle or adventitia, miR-210 was observed in knockout mice of WT-knockout pairs. This was accompanied by downregulation of miR-210 targets ISCU (iron-sulfur assembly proteins)1/2 and COX10 (cytochrome c oxidase assembly protein-10), indicating endothelial import of functional miR-210. Via hemodynamic and histological indices, knockout-knockout pairs were protected from PH, whereas knockout mice in WT-knockout pairs developed PH. In particular, pulmonary vascular engraftment of miR-210-positive interstitial lung macrophages was observed in knockout mice of WT-knockout pairs. To address whether engrafted miR-210-positive myeloid or lymphoid cells contribute to paracrine miR-210 delivery, we studied miR-210 knockout mice parabiosed with miR-210 WT; Cx3cr1 knockout mice (deficient in myeloid recruitment) or miR-210 WT; Rag1 knockout mice (deficient in lymphocytes). In both pairs, miR-210 knockout mice still displayed miR-210 delivery and PH, thus demonstrating a pathogenic endocrine delivery of extracellular miR-210. CONCLUSIONS Endogenous blood-borne transport of miR-210 into pulmonary vascular endothelial cells promotes PH, offering fundamental insight into the systemic physiology of microRNA activity. These results also describe a platform for RNA-mediated crosstalk in PH, providing an impetus for developing blood-based miR-210 technologies for diagnosis and therapy in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingsi Zhao
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood Vascular Medicine Institute (J.Z., J.F., Y.-Y.T., L.O., T. Brzoska, Y.T., J.Y., V.N., C.-S.C.W., M.G.R., S.M.N., P.S., P.D., S.Y.C.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jonathan Florentin
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood Vascular Medicine Institute (J.Z., J.F., Y.-Y.T., L.O., T. Brzoska, Y.T., J.Y., V.N., C.-S.C.W., M.G.R., S.M.N., P.S., P.D., S.Y.C.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yi-Yin Tai
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood Vascular Medicine Institute (J.Z., J.F., Y.-Y.T., L.O., T. Brzoska, Y.T., J.Y., V.N., C.-S.C.W., M.G.R., S.M.N., P.S., P.D., S.Y.C.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Stéphanie Torrino
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France (S.T., T. Bertero)
| | - Lee Ohayon
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood Vascular Medicine Institute (J.Z., J.F., Y.-Y.T., L.O., T. Brzoska, Y.T., J.Y., V.N., C.-S.C.W., M.G.R., S.M.N., P.S., P.D., S.Y.C.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Tomasz Brzoska
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood Vascular Medicine Institute (J.Z., J.F., Y.-Y.T., L.O., T. Brzoska, Y.T., J.Y., V.N., C.-S.C.W., M.G.R., S.M.N., P.S., P.D., S.Y.C.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ying Tang
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood Vascular Medicine Institute (J.Z., J.F., Y.-Y.T., L.O., T. Brzoska, Y.T., J.Y., V.N., C.-S.C.W., M.G.R., S.M.N., P.S., P.D., S.Y.C.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jimin Yang
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood Vascular Medicine Institute (J.Z., J.F., Y.-Y.T., L.O., T. Brzoska, Y.T., J.Y., V.N., C.-S.C.W., M.G.R., S.M.N., P.S., P.D., S.Y.C.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Vinny Negi
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood Vascular Medicine Institute (J.Z., J.F., Y.-Y.T., L.O., T. Brzoska, Y.T., J.Y., V.N., C.-S.C.W., M.G.R., S.M.N., P.S., P.D., S.Y.C.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Chen-Shan Chen Woodcock
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood Vascular Medicine Institute (J.Z., J.F., Y.-Y.T., L.O., T. Brzoska, Y.T., J.Y., V.N., C.-S.C.W., M.G.R., S.M.N., P.S., P.D., S.Y.C.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Michael G Risbano
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood Vascular Medicine Institute (J.Z., J.F., Y.-Y.T., L.O., T. Brzoska, Y.T., J.Y., V.N., C.-S.C.W., M.G.R., S.M.N., P.S., P.D., S.Y.C.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.G.R., S.M.N., P.S.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Seyed Mehdi Nouraie
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood Vascular Medicine Institute (J.Z., J.F., Y.-Y.T., L.O., T. Brzoska, Y.T., J.Y., V.N., C.-S.C.W., M.G.R., S.M.N., P.S., P.D., S.Y.C.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.G.R., S.M.N., P.S.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Prithu Sundd
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood Vascular Medicine Institute (J.Z., J.F., Y.-Y.T., L.O., T. Brzoska, Y.T., J.Y., V.N., C.-S.C.W., M.G.R., S.M.N., P.S., P.D., S.Y.C.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (M.G.R., S.M.N., P.S.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Thomas Bertero
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France (S.T., T. Bertero)
| | - Partha Dutta
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood Vascular Medicine Institute (J.Z., J.F., Y.-Y.T., L.O., T. Brzoska, Y.T., J.Y., V.N., C.-S.C.W., M.G.R., S.M.N., P.S., P.D., S.Y.C.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.D., S.Y.C.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood Vascular Medicine Institute (J.Z., J.F., Y.-Y.T., L.O., T. Brzoska, Y.T., J.Y., V.N., C.-S.C.W., M.G.R., S.M.N., P.S., P.D., S.Y.C.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (P.D., S.Y.C.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hume PS, Gibbings SL, Jakubzick CV, Tuder RM, Curran-Everett D, Henson PM, Smith BJ, Janssen WJ. Localization of Macrophages in the Human Lung via Design-based Stereology. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:1209-1217. [PMID: 32197050 PMCID: PMC7233346 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201911-2105oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Interstitial macrophages (IMs) and airspace macrophages (AMs) play critical roles in lung homeostasis and host defense, and are central to the pathogenesis of a number of lung diseases. However, the absolute numbers of macrophages and the precise anatomic locations they occupy in the healthy human lung have not been quantified.Objectives: To determine the precise number and anatomic location of human pulmonary macrophages in nondiseased lungs and to quantify how this is altered in chronic cigarette smokers.Methods: Whole right upper lobes from 12 human donors without pulmonary disease (6 smokers and 6 nonsmokers) were evaluated using design-based stereology. CD206 (cluster of differentiation 206)-positive/CD43+ AMs and CD206+/CD43- IMs were counted in five distinct anatomical locations using the optical disector probe.Measurements and Main Results: An average of 2.1 × 109 IMs and 1.4 × 109 AMs were estimated per right upper lobe. Of the AMs, 95% were contained in diffusing airspaces and 5% in airways. Of the IMs, 78% were located within the alveolar septa, 14% around small vessels, and 7% around the airways. The local density of IMs was greater in the alveolar septa than in the connective tissue surrounding the airways or vessels. The total number and density of IMs was 36% to 56% greater in the lungs of cigarette smokers versus nonsmokers.Conclusions: The precise locations occupied by pulmonary macrophages were defined in nondiseased human lungs from smokers and nonsmokers. IM density was greatest in the alveolar septa. Lungs from chronic smokers had increased IM numbers and overall density, supporting a role for IMs in smoking-related disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Hume
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Sophie L. Gibbings
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Claudia V. Jakubzick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Rubin M. Tuder
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Douglas Curran-Everett
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, and
| | - Peter M. Henson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Bradford J. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - William J. Janssen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Huang S, Yue Y, Feng K, Huang X, Li H, Hou J, Yang S, Huang S, Liang M, Chen G, Wu Z. Conditioned medium from M2b macrophages modulates the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by deregulating the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9110. [PMID: 32411539 PMCID: PMC7207208 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunity and inflammation are considered to be central features of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), in which macrophages are one of the main components of inflammatory cell infiltration around the pulmonary artery. M2b macrophages, which are different from M1 and M2 macrophages, are believed to have immunomodulatory activities and produce little fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of M2b macrophages on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) derived from monocrotaline-induced PAH rats. Methods PASMCs were cultured in serum-free medium, the supernatant of M0 macrophages, or the supernatant of M2b macrophages for 24 hours. Then cell proliferation was assessed by cell counting kit-8 and cell migration ability was detected by wound healing and transwell assays. The apoptosis rate of cells was determined by TUNEL staining and annexin V-PE/7-ADD staining. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, cleaved caspase-9 and PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway. LY294002 (a specific inhibitor of PI3K) was used to investigate its effect on PASMCs and its relationship with M2b macrophages. Results Conditioned medium from M2b macrophages significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of PASMCs compared with the control group and M0 macrophage group. Furthermore, conditioned medium from M2b macrophages promote PASMC apoptosis and increased the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and cleaved caspase-9, inhibited the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl. Finally, conditioned medium from M2b macrophages inhibited the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway also significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis resistance of PASMCs. Conclusion Conditioned medium from M2b macrophages can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis resistance of PASMCs, which may be at least partially by deregulating the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suiqing Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangni Feng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huayang Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiosurgery Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaojie Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengya Liang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangxian Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongkai Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Catala A, Youssef LA, Reisz JA, Dzieciatkowska M, Powers NE, Marchetti C, Karafin M, Zimring JC, Hudson KE, Hansen KC, Spitalnik SL, D'Alessandro A. Metabolic Reprogramming of Mouse Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages Following Erythrophagocytosis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:396. [PMID: 32425810 PMCID: PMC7204509 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Reticuloendothelial macrophages engulf ∼0.2 trillion senescent erythrocytes daily in a process called erythrophagocytosis (EP). This critical mechanism preserves systemic heme-iron homeostasis by regulating red blood cell (RBC) catabolism and iron recycling. Although extensive work has demonstrated the various effects on macrophage metabolic reprogramming by stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines, little is known about the impact of EP on the macrophage metabolome and proteome. Thus, we performed mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and proteomics analyses of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) before and after EP of IgG-coated RBCs. Further, metabolomics was performed on BMDMs incubated with free IgG to ensure that changes to macrophage metabolism were due to opsonized RBCs and not to free IgG binding. Uniformly labeled tracing experiments were conducted on BMDMs in the presence and absence of IgG-coated RBCs to assess the flux of glucose through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). In this study, we demonstrate that EP significantly alters amino acid and fatty acid metabolism, the Krebs cycle, OXPHOS, and arachidonate-linoleate metabolism. Increases in levels of amino acids, lipids and oxylipins, heme products, and RBC-derived proteins are noted in BMDMs following EP. Tracing experiments with U-13C6 glucose indicated a slower flux through glycolysis and enhanced PPP activation. Notably, we show that it is fueled by glucose derived from the macrophages themselves or from the extracellular media prior to EP, but not from opsonized RBCs. The PPP-derived NADPH can then fuel the oxidative burst, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species necessary to promote digestion of phagocytosed RBC proteins via radical attack. Results were confirmed by redox proteomics experiments, demonstrating the oxidation of Cys152 and Cys94 of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and hemoglobin-β, respectively. Significant increases in early Krebs cycle and C5-branched dibasic acid metabolites (α-ketoglutarate and 2-hydroxyglutarate, respectively) indicate that EP promotes the dysregulation of mitochondrial metabolism. Lastly, EP stimulated aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase and arginase activity as indicated by significant accumulations of ALA and ornithine after IgG-mediated RBC ingestion. Importantly, EP-mediated metabolic reprogramming of BMDMs does not occur following exposure to IgG alone. In conclusion, we show that EP reprograms macrophage metabolism and modifies macrophage polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Catala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lyla A Youssef
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Nicholas E Powers
- Department of Medicine - Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Carlo Marchetti
- Department of Medicine - Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Matthew Karafin
- Medical Sciences Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin (Versiti), Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - James C Zimring
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Krystalyn E Hudson
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Steven L Spitalnik
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Koltermann-Jülly J, Ma-Hock L, Gröters S, Landsiedel R. Appearance of Alveolar Macrophage Subpopulations in Correlation With Histopathological Effects in Short-Term Inhalation Studies With Biopersistent (Nano)Materials. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 48:446-464. [PMID: 32162596 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319896347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Following inhalation and deposition in the alveolar region at sufficient dose, biopersistent (nano)materials generally provoke pulmonary inflammation. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are mediators of pulmonary immune responses and were broadly categorized in pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. This study aimed at identifying AM phenotype as M1 or M2 upon short-term inhalation exposure to different (nano)materials followed by a postexposure period. Phenotyping of AM was retrospectively performed using immunohistochemistry. M1 (CD68+iNOS+) and M2 (CD68+CD206+ and CD68+ArgI+) AMs were characterized in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung tissue of rats exposed for 6 hours/day for 5 days to air, 100 mg/m3 nano-TiO2, 25 mg/m3 nano-CeO2, 32 mg/m3 multiwalled carbon nanotubes, or 100 mg/m3 micron-sized quartz. During acute inflammation, relative numbers of M1 AMs were markedly increased, whereas relative numbers of M2 were generally decreased compared to control. Following an exposure-free period, changes in iNOS or CD206 expression correlated with persistence, regression, or progression of inflammation, suggesting a role of M1/M2 AMs in the pathogenesis of pulmonary inflammation. However, no clear correlation of AM subpopulations with qualitatively distinct histopathological findings caused by different (nano)materials was found. A more detailed understanding of the processes underlaying these morphological changes is needed to identify biomarkers for different histopathological outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Koltermann-Jülly
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany.,Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Lan Ma-Hock
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sibylle Gröters
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Koudstaal T, Boomars KA, Kool M. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: An Immunological Perspective. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E561. [PMID: 32092864 PMCID: PMC7074374 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a debilitating progressive disease characterized by increased pulmonary arterial pressures, leading to right ventricular (RV) failure, heart failure and, eventually, death. Based on the underlying conditions, PH patients can be subdivided into the following five groups: (1) pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), (2) PH due to left heart disease, (3) PH due to lung disease, (4) chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH), and (5) PH with unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms. Currently, even with PAH-specific drug treatment, prognosis for PAH and CTEPH patients remains poor, with mean five-year survival rates of 57%-59% and 53%-69% for PAH and inoperable CTEPH, respectively. Therefore, more insight into the pathogenesis of PAH and CTEPH is highly needed, so that new therapeutic strategies can be developed. Recent studies have shown increased presence and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells in both PAH and CTEPH patients. Moreover, extensive biomarker research revealed that many inflammatory and immune markers correlate with the hemodynamics and/or prognosis of PAH and CTEPH patients. Increased evidence of the pathological role of immune cells in innate and adaptive immunity has led to many promising pre-clinical interventional studies which, in turn, are leading to innovative clinical trials which are currently being performed. A combination of immunomodulatory therapies might be required besides current treatment based on vasodilatation alone, to establish an effective treatment and prevention of progression for this disease. In this review, we describe the recent progress on our understanding of the involvement of the individual cell types of the immune system in PH. We summarize the accumulating body of evidence for inflammation and immunity in the pathogenesis of PH, as well as the use of inflammatory biomarkers and immunomodulatory therapy in PAH and CTEPH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Koudstaal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Doctor Molenwaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.A.B.); (M.K.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yu YRA, Malakhau Y, Yu CHA, Phelan SLJ, Cumming RI, Kan MJ, Mao L, Rajagopal S, Piantadosi CA, Gunn MD. Nonclassical Monocytes Sense Hypoxia, Regulate Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling, and Promote Pulmonary Hypertension. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1474-1485. [PMID: 31996456 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence suggests that bone marrow-derived myeloid cells play a critical role in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the true requirement for myeloid cells in PH development has not been demonstrated, and a specific disease-promoting myeloid cell population has not been identified. Using bone marrow chimeras, lineage labeling, and proliferation studies, we determined that, in murine hypoxia-induced PH, Ly6Clo nonclassical monocytes are recruited to small pulmonary arteries and differentiate into pulmonary interstitial macrophages. Accumulation of these nonclassical monocyte-derived pulmonary interstitial macrophages around pulmonary vasculature is associated with increased muscularization of small pulmonary arteries and disease severity. To determine if the sensing of hypoxia by nonclassical monocytes contributes to the development of PH, mice lacking expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in the Ly6Clo monocyte lineage were exposed to hypoxia. In these mice, vascular remodeling and PH severity were significantly reduced. Transcriptome analyses suggest that the Ly6Clo monocyte lineage regulates PH through complement, phagocytosis, Ag presentation, and chemokine/cytokine pathways. Consistent with these murine findings, relative to controls, lungs from pulmonary arterial hypertension patients displayed a significant increase in the frequency of nonclassical monocytes. Taken together, these findings show that, in response to hypoxia, nonclassical monocytes in the lung sense hypoxia, infiltrate small pulmonary arteries, and promote vascular remodeling and development of PH. Our results demonstrate that myeloid cells, specifically cells of the nonclassical monocyte lineage, play a direct role in the pathogenesis of PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Rei A Yu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710;
| | - Yuryi Malakhau
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Chen-Hsin A Yu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Stefan-Laural J Phelan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - R Ian Cumming
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Matthew J Kan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115; and
| | - Lan Mao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Claude A Piantadosi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Michael D Gunn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Frid MG, McKeon BA, Thurman JM, Maron BA, Li M, Zhang H, Kumar S, Sullivan T, Laskowsky J, Fini MA, Hu S, Tuder RM, Gandjeva A, Wilkins MR, Rhodes CJ, Ghataorhe P, Leopold JA, Wang RS, Holers VM, Stenmark KR. Immunoglobulin-driven Complement Activation Regulates Proinflammatory Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:224-239. [PMID: 31545648 PMCID: PMC6961733 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201903-0591oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening cardiopulmonary disorder in which inflammation and immunity have emerged as critical early pathogenic elements. Although proinflammatory processes in PH and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are the focus of extensive investigation, the initiating mechanisms remain elusive.Objectives: We tested whether activation of the complement cascade is critical in regulating proinflammatory and pro-proliferative processes in the initiation of experimental hypoxic PH and can serve as a prognostic biomarker of outcome in human PAH.Methods: We used immunostaining of lung tissues from experimental PH models and patients with PAH, analyses of genetic murine models lacking specific complement components or circulating immunoglobulins, cultured human pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts, and network medicine analysis of a biomarker risk panel from plasma of patients with PAH.Measurements and Main Results: Pulmonary perivascular-specific activation of the complement cascade was identified as a consistent critical determinant of PH and PAH in experimental animal models and humans. In experimental hypoxic PH, proinflammatory and pro-proliferative responses were dependent on complement (alternative pathway and component 5), and immunoglobulins, particularly IgG, were critical for activation of the complement cascade. We identified Csf2/GM-CSF as a primary complement-dependent inflammatory mediator. Furthermore, using network medicine analysis of a biomarker risk panel from plasma of patients with PAH, we demonstrated that complement signaling can serve as a prognostic factor for clinical outcome in PAH.Conclusions: This study establishes immunoglobulin-driven dysregulated complement activation as a critical pathobiological mechanism regulating proinflammatory and pro-proliferative processes in the initiation of experimental hypoxic PH and demonstrates complement signaling as a critical determinant of clinical outcome in PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Frid
- Division of Critical Care Medicine and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine
| | - B. Alexandre McKeon
- Division of Critical Care Medicine and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine
| | | | - Bradley A. Maron
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Min Li
- Division of Critical Care Medicine and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine
| | - Hui Zhang
- Division of Critical Care Medicine and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Division of Critical Care Medicine and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine
| | - Timothy Sullivan
- Division of Critical Care Medicine and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine
| | | | - Mehdi A. Fini
- Division of Critical Care Medicine and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine
| | - Samantha Hu
- Division of Critical Care Medicine and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine
| | - Rubin M. Tuder
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Aneta Gandjeva
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Martin R. Wilkins
- Department of Medicine and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Christopher J. Rhodes
- Department of Medicine and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Pavandeep Ghataorhe
- Department of Medicine and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jane A. Leopold
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rui-Sheng Wang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Brigham Health Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - V. Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Division of Critical Care Medicine and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tseng V, Ni K, Allawzi A, Prohaska C, Hernandez-Lagunas L, Elajaili H, Cali V, Midura R, Hascall V, Triggs-Raine B, Petrache I, Hart CM, Nozik-Grayck E. Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Regulates Early Vascular Hyaluronan Remodeling in Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension. Sci Rep 2020; 10:280. [PMID: 31937874 PMCID: PMC6959284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia leads to pathologic remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature and pulmonary hypertension (PH). The antioxidant enzyme extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) protects against hypoxia-induced PH. Hyaluronan (HA), a ubiquitous glycosaminoglycan of the lung extracellular matrix, is rapidly recycled at sites of vessel injury and repair. We investigated the hypothesis that SOD3 preserves HA homeostasis by inhibiting oxidative and enzymatic hyaluronidase-mediated HA breakdown. In SOD3-deficient mice, hypoxia increased lung hyaluronidase expression and activity, hyaluronan fragmentation, and effacement of HA from the vessel wall of small pulmonary arteries. Hyaluronan fragmentation corresponded to hypoxic induction of the cell surface hyaluronidase-2 (Hyal2), which was localized in the vascular media. Human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) demonstrated hypoxic induction of Hyal2 and SOD-suppressible hyaluronidase activity, congruent to our observations in vivo. Fragmentation of homeostatic high molecular weight HA promoted HPASMC proliferation in vitro, whereas pharmacologic inhibition of hyaluronidase activity prevented hypoxia- and oxidant-induced proliferation. Hypoxia initiates SOD3-dependent alterations in the structure and regulation of hyaluronan in the pulmonary vascular extracellular matrix. These changes occurred soon after hypoxia exposure, prior to appearance of PH, and may contribute to the early pathogenesis of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tseng
- Emory University Department of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin Ni
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ayed Allawzi
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Clare Prohaska
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Laura Hernandez-Lagunas
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hanan Elajaili
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Valbona Cali
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ronald Midura
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vincent Hascall
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Barbara Triggs-Raine
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Irina Petrache
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - C Michael Hart
- Emory University Department of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hu CJ, Poth JM, Zhang H, Flockton A, Laux A, Kumar S, McKeon B, Mouradian G, Li M, Riddle S, Pugliese SC, Brown RD, Wallace EM, Graham BB, Frid MG, Stenmark KR. Suppression of HIF2 signalling attenuates the initiation of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:13993003.00378-2019. [PMID: 31515405 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00378-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Most published studies addressing the role of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension development employ models that may not recapitulate the clinical setting, including the use of animals with pre-existing lung/vascular defects secondary to embryonic HIF ablation or activation. Furthermore, critical questions including how and when HIF signalling contributes to hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension remain unanswered.Normal adult rodents in which global HIF1 or HIF2 was inhibited by inducible gene deletion or pharmacological inhibition (antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and small molecule inhibitors) were exposed to short-term (4 days) or chronic (4-5 weeks) hypoxia. Haemodynamic studies were performed, the animals euthanised, and lungs and hearts obtained for pathological and transcriptomic analysis. Cell-type-specific HIF signals for pulmonary hypertension initiation were determined in normal pulmonary vascular cells in vitro and in mice (using cell-type-specific HIF deletion).Global Hif1a deletion in mice did not prevent hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension at 5 weeks. Mice with global Hif2a deletion did not survive long-term hypoxia. Partial Hif2a deletion or Hif2-ASO (but not Hif1-ASO) reduced vessel muscularisation, increases in pulmonary arterial pressures and right ventricular hypertrophy in mice exposed to 4-5 weeks of hypoxia. A small molecule HIF2 inhibitor (PT2567) significantly attenuated early events (monocyte recruitment and vascular cell proliferation) in rats exposed to 4 days of hypoxia, as well as vessel muscularisation, tenascin C accumulation and pulmonary hypertension development in rats exposed to 5 weeks of hypoxia. In vitro, HIF2 induced a distinct set of genes in normal human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, mediating inflammation and proliferation of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Endothelial Hif2a knockout prevented hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice.Inhibition of HIF2 (but not HIF1) can provide a therapeutic approach to prevent the development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Future studies are needed to investigate the role of HIFs in pulmonary hypertension progression and reversal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jun Hu
- Dept of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,These authors share first authorship.,These authors are joint corresponding authors
| | - Jens M Poth
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,Dept of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,These authors share first authorship
| | - Hui Zhang
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Amanda Flockton
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Aya Laux
- Dept of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brittany McKeon
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gary Mouradian
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Min Li
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Suzette Riddle
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Steven C Pugliese
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - R Dale Brown
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Brian B Graham
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Maria G Frid
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA .,These authors are joint corresponding authors
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Allawzi A, McDermott I, Delaney C, Nguyen K, Banimostafa L, Trumpie A, Hernandez-Lagunas L, Riemondy K, Gillen A, Hesselberth J, El Kasmi K, Sucharov CC, Janssen WJ, Stenmark K, Bowler R, Nozik-Grayck E. Redistribution of EC-SOD resolves bleomycin-induced inflammation via increased apoptosis of recruited alveolar macrophages. FASEB J 2019; 33:13465-13475. [PMID: 31560857 PMCID: PMC6894081 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901038rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A human single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the matrix-binding domain of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), with arginine to glycine substitution at position 213 (R213G), redistributes EC-SOD from the matrix into extracellular fluids. We reported that, following bleomycin (bleo), knockin mice harboring the human R213G SNP (R213G mice) exhibit enhanced resolution of inflammation and protection against fibrosis, compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the EC-SOD R213G SNP promotes resolution via accelerated apoptosis of recruited alveolar macrophage (AM). RNA sequencing and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis 7 d postbleo in recruited AM implicated increased apoptosis and blunted inflammatory responses in the R213G strain exhibiting accelerated resolution. We validated that the percentage of apoptosis was significantly elevated in R213G recruited AM vs. WT at 3 and 7 d postbleo in vivo. Recruited AM numbers were also significantly decreased in R213G mice vs. WT at 3 and 7 d postbleo. ChaC glutathione-specific γ-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (Chac1), a proapoptotic γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase that depletes glutathione, was increased in the R213G recruited AM. Overexpression of Chac1 in vitro induced apoptosis of macrophages and was blocked by administration of cell-permeable glutathione. In summary, we provide new evidence that redistributed EC-SOD accelerates the resolution of inflammation through redox-regulated mechanisms that increase recruited AM apoptosis.-Allawzi, A., McDermott, I., Delaney, C., Nguyen, K., Banimostafa, L., Trumpie, A., Hernandez-Lagunas, L., Riemondy, K., Gillen, A., Hesselberth, J., El Kasmi, K., Sucharov, C. C., Janssen, W. J., Stenmark, K., Bowler, R., Nozik-Grayck, E. Redistribution of EC-SOD resolves bleomycin-induced inflammation via increased apoptosis of recruited alveolar macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayed Allawzi
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ivy McDermott
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Cassidy Delaney
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kianna Nguyen
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Laith Banimostafa
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ashley Trumpie
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Laura Hernandez-Lagunas
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kent Riemondy
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Austin Gillen
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jay Hesselberth
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Karim El Kasmi
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach, Germany
| | - Carmen C. Sucharov
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and
| | | | - Kurt Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Russell Bowler
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tseng V, Sutliff RL, Hart CM. Redox Biology of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ in Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:874-897. [PMID: 30582337 PMCID: PMC6751396 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) maintains pulmonary vascular health through coordination of antioxidant defense systems, inflammation, and cellular metabolism. Insufficient PPARγ contributes to pulmonary hypertension (PH) pathogenesis, whereas therapeutic restoration of PPARγ activity attenuates PH in preclinical models. Recent Advances: Numerous studies in the past decade have elucidated the complex mechanisms by which PPARγ in the pulmonary vasculature and right ventricle (RV) protects against PH. The scope of PPARγ-interconnected pathways continues to expand and includes induction of antioxidant genes, transrepression of inflammatory signaling, regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetic integrity, control of cell cycle and proliferation, and regulation of vascular tone through interactions with nitric oxide and endogenous vasoactive molecules. Furthermore, PPARγ interacts with an extensive regulatory network of transcription factors and microRNAs leading to broad impact on cell signaling. Critical Issues: Abundant evidence suggests that targeting PPARγ exerts diverse salutary effects in PH and represents a novel and potentially translatable therapeutic strategy. However, progress has been slowed by an incomplete understanding of how specific PPARγ pathways are critically disrupted across PH disease subtypes and lack of optimal pharmacological ligands. Future Directions: Recent studies indicate that ligand-induced post-translational modifications of the PPARγ receptor differentially induce therapeutic benefits versus adverse side effects of PPARγ receptor activation. Strategies to selectively target PPARγ activity in diseased cells of pulmonary circulation and RV, coupled with development of ligands designed to specifically regulate post-translational PPARγ modifications, may unlock the full therapeutic potential of this versatile master transcriptional and metabolic regulator in PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tseng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - C Michael Hart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Redinus K, Baek JH, Yalamanoglu A, Shin HKH, Moldova R, Harral JW, Swindle D, Pak D, Ferguson SK, Nuss R, Hassell K, Nozik-Grayck E, Palmer AF, Fini MA, Karoor V, Stenmark KR, Buehler PW, Irwin DC. An Hb-mediated circulating macrophage contributing to pulmonary vascular remodeling in sickle cell disease. JCI Insight 2019; 4:127860. [PMID: 31391342 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating macrophages recruited to the lung contribute to pulmonary vascular remodeling in various forms of pulmonary hypertension (PH). In this study we investigated a macrophage phenotype characterized by intracellular iron accumulation and expression of antioxidant (HO-1), vasoactive (ET-1), and proinflammatory (IL-6) mediators observed in the lung tissue of deceased sickle cell disease (SCD) patients with diagnosed PH. To this end, we evaluated an established rat model of group 5 PH that is simultaneously exposed to free hemoglobin (Hb) and hypobaric hypoxia (HX). Here, we tested the hypothesis that pulmonary vascular remodeling observed in human SCD with concomitant PH could be replicated and mechanistically driven in our rat model by a similar macrophage phenotype with iron accumulation and expression of a similar mixture of antioxidant (HO-1), vasoactive (ET-1), and inflammatory (IL-6) proteins. Our data suggest phenotypic similarities between pulmonary perivascular macrophages in our rat model and human SCD with PH, indicating a potentially novel maladaptive immune response to concomitant bouts of Hb and HX exposure. Moreover, by knocking out circulating macrophages with gadolinium trichloride (GdCl3), the response to combined Hb and hypobaric HX was significantly attenuated in rats, suggesting a critical role for macrophages in the exacerbation of SCD PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Redinus
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jin Hyen Baek
- Division of Blood Components and Devices, Office of Blood Research and Review, The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Ayla Yalamanoglu
- Division of Blood Components and Devices, Office of Blood Research and Review, The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Hye Kyung H Shin
- Division of Blood Components and Devices, Office of Blood Research and Review, The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Julie W Harral
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Delaney Swindle
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David Pak
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Scott K Ferguson
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rachelle Nuss
- Division of Hematology and Colorado Sickle Cell Treatment and Research Center, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kathryn Hassell
- Division of Hematology and Colorado Sickle Cell Treatment and Research Center, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Andre F Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mehdi A Fini
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Paul W Buehler
- Division of Blood Components and Devices, Office of Blood Research and Review, The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - David C Irwin
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and its severe subtype pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) encompass a set of multifactorial diseases defined by sustained elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance leading to right ventricular failure and subsequent death. Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by vascular remodeling in association with smooth muscle cell proliferation of the arterioles, medial thickening, and plexiform lesion formation. Despite our recent advances in understanding its pathogenesis and related therapeutic discoveries, PH still remains a progressive disease without a cure. Nevertheless, development of drugs that specifically target molecular pathways involved in disease pathogenesis has led to improvement in life quality and clinical outcomes in patients with PAH. There are presently more than 12 Food and Drug Administration-approved vasodilator drugs in the United States for the treatment of PAH; however, mortality with contemporary therapies remains high. More recently, there have been exuberant efforts to develop new pharmacologic therapies that target the fundamental origins of PH and thus could represent disease-modifying opportunities. This review aims to summarize recent developments on key signaling pathways and molecular targets that drive PH disease progression, with emphasis on new therapeutic options under development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Shan Chen Woodcock
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Y. Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Willis GR, Fernandez-Gonzalez A, Anastas J, Vitali SH, Liu X, Ericsson M, Kwong A, Mitsialis SA, Kourembanas S. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Exosomes Ameliorate Experimental Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Restore Lung Function through Macrophage Immunomodulation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 197:104-116. [PMID: 28853608 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201705-0925oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) therapies have shown promise in preclinical models of pathologies relevant to newborn medicine, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). We have reported that the therapeutic capacity of MSCs is comprised in their secretome, and demonstrated that the therapeutic vectors are exosomes produced by MSCs (MSC-exos). OBJECTIVES To assess efficacy of MSC-exo treatment in a preclinical model of BPD and to investigate mechanisms underlying MSC-exo therapeutic action. METHODS Exosomes were isolated from media conditioned by human MSC cultures. Newborn mice were exposed to hyperoxia (HYRX; 75% O2), treated with exosomes on Postnatal Day (PN) 4 and returned to room air on PN7. Treated animals and appropriate controls were harvested on PN7, -14, or -42 for assessment of pulmonary parameters. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS HYRX-exposed mice presented with pronounced alveolar simplification, fibrosis, and pulmonary vascular remodeling, which was effectively ameliorated by MSC-exo treatment. Pulmonary function tests and assessment of pulmonary hypertension showed functional improvements after MSC-exo treatment. Lung mRNA sequencing demonstrated that MSC-exo treatment induced pleiotropic effects on gene expression associated with HYRX-induced inflammation and immune responses. MSC-exos modulate the macrophage phenotype fulcrum, suppressing the proinflammatory "M1" state and augmenting an antiinflammatory "M2-like" state, both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS MSC-exo treatment blunts HYRX-associated inflammation and alters the hyperoxic lung transcriptome. This results in alleviation of HYRX-induced BPD, improvement of lung function, decrease in fibrosis and pulmonary vascular remodeling, and amelioration of pulmonary hypertension. The MSC-exo mechanism of action is associated with modulation of lung macrophage phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth R Willis
- 1 Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,2 Department of Pediatrics and
| | | | - Jamie Anastas
- 1 Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,3 Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sally H Vitali
- 4 Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and.,2 Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Xianlan Liu
- 1 Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Maria Ericsson
- 3 Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - April Kwong
- 1 Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- 1 Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,2 Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- 1 Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,2 Department of Pediatrics and
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Macrophage Origin, Metabolic Reprogramming and IL-1 Signaling: Promises and Pitfalls in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030298. [PMID: 30832375 PMCID: PMC6468621 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are tissue-resident cells that act as immune sentinels to maintain tissue integrity, preserve self-tolerance and protect against invading pathogens. Lung macrophages within the distal airways face around 8000–9000 L of air every day and for that reason are continuously exposed to a variety of inhaled particles, allergens or airborne microbes. Chronic exposure to irritant particles can prime macrophages to mediate a smoldering inflammatory response creating a mutagenic environment and favoring cancer initiation. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the majority of the tumor stroma and maintain intricate interactions with malignant cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) largely influencing the outcome of cancer growth and metastasis. A number of macrophage-centered approaches have been investigated as potential cancer therapy and include strategies to limit their infiltration or exploit their antitumor effector functions. Recently, strategies aimed at targeting IL-1β signaling pathway using a blocking antibody have unexpectedly shown great promise on incident lung cancer. Here, we review the current understanding of the bridge between TAM metabolism, IL-1β signaling, and effector functions in lung adenocarcinoma and address the challenges to successfully incorporating these pathways into current anticancer regimens.
Collapse
|
48
|
Humbert M, Guignabert C, Bonnet S, Dorfmüller P, Klinger JR, Nicolls MR, Olschewski AJ, Pullamsetti SS, Schermuly RT, Stenmark KR, Rabinovitch M. Pathology and pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension: state of the art and research perspectives. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.01887-2018. [PMID: 30545970 PMCID: PMC6351340 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01887-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 699] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and translational research has played a major role in advancing our understanding of pulmonary hypertension (PH), including pulmonary arterial hypertension and other forms of PH with severe vascular remodelling (e.g. chronic thromboembolic PH and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease). However, PH remains an incurable condition with a high mortality rate, underscoring the need for a better transfer of novel scientific knowledge into healthcare interventions. Herein, we review recent findings in pathology (with the questioning of the strict morphological categorisation of various forms of PH into pre- or post-capillary involvement of pulmonary vessels) and cellular mechanisms contributing to the onset and progression of pulmonary vascular remodelling associated with various forms of PH. We also discuss ways to improve management and to support and optimise drug development in this research field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Humbert
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation (TORINO), Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Quebec, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Dept of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Peter Dorfmüller
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Pathology Dept, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - James R Klinger
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Cardiovascular Institute, Dept of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine/VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,The Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrea J Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Soni S Pullamsetti
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research Bad Nauheim, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Excellence Cluster Cardio Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig University Giessen and Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Cardiovascular Institute, Dept of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine/VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,The Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gosemann JH, Friedmacher F, Hofmann A, Zimmer J, Kuebler JF, Rittinghausen S, Suttkus A, Lacher M, Alvarez L, Corcionivoschi N, Puri P. Prenatal treatment with rosiglitazone attenuates vascular remodeling and pulmonary monocyte influx in experimental congenital diaphragmatic hernia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206975. [PMID: 30418988 PMCID: PMC6231640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extensive vascular remodeling causing pulmonary hypertension (PH) represents a major cause of mortality in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). The chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a biomarker for the severity of PH and its activation is accompanied by pulmonary influx of monocytes and extensive vascular remodeling. MCP-1 activation can be reversed by application of rosiglitazone (thiazolidinedione). We performed this study to evaluate the role of MCP-1 for the pathogenesis of PH in experimental CDH. We hypothesized that vascular remodeling and MCP-1 activation is accompanied by pulmonary influx of fetal monocytes and can be attenuated by prenatal treatment with rosiglitazone. Methods In a first set of experiments pregnant rats were treated with either nitrofen or vehicle on gestational day 9 (D9). Fetal lungs were harvested on D21 and divided into CDH and control. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to evaluate MCP-1 expression, activation, and localization. Quantification and localization of pulmonary monocytes/macrophages were carried out by IHC. In a second set of experiments nitrofen-exposed dams were randomly assigned to prenatal treatment with rosiglitazone or placebo on D18+D19. Fetal lungs were harvested on D21, divided into control, CDH+rosiglitazone, and CDH+placebo and evaluated by WB as well as IHC. Results Increased thickness of pulmonary arteries of CDH fetuses was accompanied by increased systemic and perivascular MCP-1 protein expression and significantly higher amounts of pulmonary monocytes/macrophages compared to controls (p<0.01). These effects were reversed by prenatal treatment with rosiglitazone (p<0.01 vs. CDH+P; control). Conclusion Prenatal treatment with rosiglitazone has the potential to attenuate activation of pulmonary MCP-1, pulmonary monocyte influx, and vascular remodeling in experimental CDH. These results provide a basis for future research on prenatal immunomodulation as a novel treatment strategy to decrease secondary effects of PH in CDH.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chemokine CCL2/blood
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/drug therapy
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/etiology
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/metabolism
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/pathology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Phenyl Ethers/adverse effects
- Pregnancy
- Prenatal Care
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rosiglitazone/pharmacology
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Gosemann
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Florian Friedmacher
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Hofmann
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Zimmer
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joachim F. Kuebler
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Rittinghausen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Suttkus
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Lacher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luis Alvarez
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Prem Puri
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Science and Conway Institute of Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sturrock A, Woller D, Freeman A, Sanders K, Paine R. Consequences of Hypoxia for the Pulmonary Alveolar Epithelial Cell Innate Immune Response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:3411-3420. [PMID: 30381478 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary innate immune responses involve a highly regulated multicellular network to defend the enormous surface area of the lung. Disruption of these responses renders the host susceptible to pneumonia. Alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) are a critical source of innate immune molecules such as GM-CSF, which determine the functional maturation of alveolar macrophages. In many pulmonary diseases, heterogeneous ventilation leads to regional hypoxia in the lung. The effect of hypoxia on AEC innate immune function is unknown. We now report that exposure of primary murine AEC to hypoxia (1% oxygen) for 24 h results in significant suppression of key innate immune molecules, including GM-CSF, CCL2, and IL-6. This exposure did not cause toxicity but did induce stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α protein (HIF-1α) and shift to glycolytic metabolism. Focusing on GM-CSF, we found that hypoxia greatly decreased the rate of GM-CSF transcription. Hypoxia both decreased NF-κB signaling in AEC and induced chromosomal changes, resulting in decreased accessibility in the GM-CSF proximal promoter of target sequences for NF-κB binding. In mice exposed to hypoxia in vivo (12% oxygen for 2 d), lung GM-CSF protein expression was reduced. In vivo phagocytosis of fluorescent beads by alveolar macrophages was also suppressed, but this effect was reversed by treatment with GM-CSF. These studies suggest that in critically ill patients, local hypoxia may contribute to the susceptibility of poorly ventilated lung units to infection through complementary effects on several pathways, reducing AEC expression of GM-CSF and other key innate immune molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sturrock
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medicine Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148; and.,Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132
| | - Diana Woller
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medicine Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148; and.,Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132
| | - Andrew Freeman
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medicine Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148; and.,Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132
| | - Karl Sanders
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medicine Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148; and.,Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132
| | - Robert Paine
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medicine Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148; and .,Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132
| |
Collapse
|