1
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Solleti SK, Matthews BE, Rowe RK. SHIP-1 differentially regulates IgE-induced IL-10 and antiviral responses in human monocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.07.579109. [PMID: 38370636 PMCID: PMC10871339 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.07.579109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
IgE-mediated stimulation of monocytes regulates multiple cellular functions including cellular maturation, cytokine release, antiviral responses, and T cell priming and differentiation. The high affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI, is closely linked to serum IgE levels and atopic disease. The signaling molecules which regulate effector functions of this receptor have been well studied in mast cells and basophils, however, less is known about the signaling components, regulatory molecules, and mechanisms downstream of receptor activation in monocytes. This study sought to identify regulators of IgE-mediated cytokine release in human monocytes. SHIP-1 was identified as a negative regulator of IgE-induced IL-10 production. It was also determined that IgE-mediated stimulation and SHIP-1 inhibition decreased antiviral IP-10 production after liposomal poly(I:C) stimulation, indicating differential regulation by SHIP-1 in IgE-driven and antiviral response pathways. Both SHIP-1 and NF-κB were activated following IgE-mediated stimulation of primary monocytes, and NF-κB activation was related to both SHIP-1 and FcεRIα expression levels in monocytes. To our knowledge this is the first study to identify a role for SHIP-1 in regulating IgE-driven responses and antiviral responses in human monocytes. Given the importance of monocytes in inflammation and immune responses, a better understanding of the signaling and regulatory mechanisms downstream of FcεRI receptor could lead to new therapeutic targets in allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Kumar Solleti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Bailey E. Matthews
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Regina K. Rowe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
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2
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Barden M, Holzinger A, Velas L, Mezősi-Csaplár M, Szöőr Á, Vereb G, Schütz GJ, Hombach AA, Abken H. CAR and TCR form individual signaling synapses and do not cross-activate, however, can co-operate in T cell activation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1110482. [PMID: 36817444 PMCID: PMC9929185 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1110482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In engineered T cells the CAR is co-expressed along with the physiological TCR/CD3 complex, both utilizing the same downstream signaling machinery for T cell activation. It is unresolved whether CAR-mediated T cell activation depends on the presence of the TCR and whether CAR and TCR mutually cross-activate upon engaging their respective antigen. Here we demonstrate that the CD3ζ CAR level was independent of the TCR associated CD3ζ and could not replace CD3ζ to rescue the TCR complex in CD3ζ KO T cells. Upon activation, the CAR did not induce phosphorylation of TCR associated CD3ζ and, vice versa, TCR activation did not induce CAR CD3ζ phosphorylation. Consequently, CAR and TCR did not cross-signal to trigger T cell effector functions. On the membrane level, TCR and CAR formed separate synapses upon antigen engagement as revealed by total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) and fast AiryScan microscopy. Upon engaging their respective antigen, however, CAR and TCR could co-operate in triggering effector functions through combinatorial signaling allowing logic "AND" gating in target recognition. Data also imply that tonic TCR signaling can support CAR-mediated T cell activation emphasizing the potential relevance of the endogenous TCR for maintaining T cell capacities in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Barden
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), Division of Genetic Immunotherapy, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Holzinger
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), Division of Genetic Immunotherapy, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Velas
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marianna Mezősi-Csaplár
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Árpád Szöőr
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Vereb
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,ELKH-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Andreas A. Hombach
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Department I Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), Division of Genetic Immunotherapy, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Hinrich Abken,
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3
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Kawakami T, Kasakura K, Kawakami Y, Ando T. Immunoglobulin E-Dependent Activation of Immune Cells in Rhinovirus-Induced Asthma Exacerbation. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:835748. [PMID: 35386658 PMCID: PMC8974681 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.835748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute exacerbation is the major cause of asthma morbidity, mortality, and health-care costs. Respiratory viral infections, particularly rhinovirus (RV) infections, are associated with the majority of asthma exacerbations. The risk for bronchoconstriction with RV is associated with allergic sensitization and type 2 airway inflammation. The efficacy of the humanized anti-IgE monoclonal antibody omalizumab in treating asthma and reducing the frequency and severity of RV-induced asthma exacerbation is well-known. Despite these clinical data, mechanistic details of omalizumab's effects on RV-induced asthma exacerbation have not been well-defined for years due to the lack of appropriate animal models. In this Perspective, we discuss potential IgE-dependent roles of mast cells and dendritic cells in asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Kawakami
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Toshiaki Kawakami
| | - Kazumi Kasakura
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Yu Kawakami
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tomoaki Ando
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Arthur GK, Cruse G. Regulation of Trafficking and Signaling of the High Affinity IgE Receptor by FcεRIβ and the Potential Impact of FcεRIβ Splicing in Allergic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020788. [PMID: 35054974 PMCID: PMC8776166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident immune cells that function in both innate and adaptive immunity through the release of both preformed granule-stored mediators, and newly generated proinflammatory mediators that contribute to the generation of both the early and late phases of the allergic inflammatory response. Although mast cells can be activated by a vast array of mediators to contribute to homeostasis and pathophysiology in diverse settings and contexts, in this review, we will focus on the canonical setting of IgE-mediated activation and allergic inflammation. IgE-dependent activation of mast cells occurs through the high affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI, which is a multimeric receptor complex that, once crosslinked by antigen, triggers a cascade of signaling to generate a robust response in mast cells. Here, we discuss FcεRI structure and function, and describe established and emerging roles of the β subunit of FcεRI (FcεRIβ) in regulating mast cell function and FcεRI trafficking and signaling. We discuss current approaches to target IgE and FcεRI signaling and emerging approaches that could target FcεRIβ specifically. We examine how alternative splicing of FcεRIβ alters protein function and how manipulation of splicing could be employed as a therapeutic approach. Targeting FcεRI directly and/or IgE binding to FcεRI are promising approaches to therapeutics for allergic inflammation. The characteristic role of FcεRIβ in both trafficking and signaling of the FcεRI receptor complex, the specificity to IgE-mediated activation pathways, and the preferential expression in mast cells and basophils, makes FcεRIβ an excellent, but challenging, candidate for therapeutic strategies in allergy and asthma, if targeting can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greer K. Arthur
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
| | - Glenn Cruse
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-919-515-8865
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5
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Tontini C, Bulfone-Paus S. Novel Approaches in the Inhibition of IgE-Induced Mast Cell Reactivity in Food Allergy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:613461. [PMID: 34456900 PMCID: PMC8387944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.613461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergy is an IgE-dependent type-I hypersensitivity reaction that can lead to life-threatening systemic symptoms such as anaphylaxis. In the pathogenesis of the allergic response, the common upstream event is the binding of allergens to specific IgE, inducing cross-linking of the high-affinity FcεRI on mast cells, triggering cellular degranulation and the release of histamine, proteases, lipids mediators, cytokines and chemokines with inflammatory activity. A number of novel therapeutic options to curb mast cell activation are in the pipeline for the treatment of severe allergies. In addition to anti-IgE therapy and allergen-specific immunotherapy, monoclonal antibodies targeted against several key Th2/alarmin cytokines (i.e. IL-4Rα, IL-33, TSLP), active modification of allergen-specific IgE (i.e. inhibitory compounds, monoclonal antibodies, de-sialylation), engagement of inhibitory receptors on mast cells and allergen-specific adjuvant vaccines, are new promising options to inhibit the uncontrolled release of mast cell mediators upon allergen exposure. In this review, we critically discuss the novel approaches targeting mast cells limiting allergic responses and the immunological mechanisms involved, with special interest on food allergy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tontini
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Bulfone-Paus
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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6
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Catalpol exerts antiallergic effects in IgE/ovalbumin-activated mast cells and a murine model of ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107782. [PMID: 34022666 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and mast cells play important roles in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Catalpol, an iridoid glycoside, exerts many biological functions including anti-inflammatory activities. Herein, we investigated catalpol to determine both its antiallergic effects on IgE/ovalbumin (OVA)-stimulated mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells and its therapeutic actions in murine allergic asthma. We found that catalpol dramatically suppressed IgE/OVA-induced mast cell degranulation. Meanwhile, 5 ~ 100 μM of catalpol neither affected the expression level of the high-affinity receptor of IgE (FcεRI) by mast cells nor induced mast cell apoptosis. In addition, mRNA expression levels of inflammatory enzymes including cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, COX-2, and 5-lipoxygenase were downregulated. Administration of catalpol also suppressed production of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-13, while not affecting tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production. Further, catalpol pretreatment significantly attenuated the FcεRI-mediated Akt signaling pathway. In mice with IgE/OVA-induced asthma, oral administration of catalpol remarkably suppressed the production of OVA-specific IgE, the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and the infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils into the lungs. Histological studies demonstrated that catalpol substantially inhibited the recruitment of mast cells and increased mucus production in lung tissues. Catalpol-treated mice had significantly lower levels of helper T cell type 2 (Th2) cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), PGD2, eotaxin-1, and C-X-C chemokine ligand-1 (CXCL1) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) than did the allergic group. Collectively, these results indicated that the suppressive effects of catalpol on degranulation and mediator generation by mast cells were beneficial in treating allergic asthma.
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7
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Taniguchi S, Elhance A, Van Duzer A, Kumar S, Leitenberger J, Oshimori N. Response to Comment on "Tumor-initiating cells establish an IL-33-TGF-β niche signaling loop to promote cancer progression". Science 2021; 372:372/6538/eabf3316. [PMID: 33833096 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf3316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Kamphuis et al argue that macrophages accumulated in the proximity of tumor-initiating cells do not express the high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor FcεRIα. Although we cannot exclude the possibility of nonspecific binding of anti-FcεRIα antibody (clone MAR-1), we provide evidence that macrophages in squamous cell carcinomas express FcεRIα and that IL-33 induces FcεRIα expression in bone marrow cell-derived macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Taniguchi
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ajit Elhance
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Avery Van Duzer
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Justin Leitenberger
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Naoki Oshimori
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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8
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Nagata Y, Ando H, Sasaki Y, Suzuki R. Ephedra Herb, Mao, Inhibits Antigen-Induced Mast Cell Degranulation by Induction of the Affinity Receptor for IgE Internalization. Pharm Res 2021; 38:569-581. [PMID: 33754256 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ephedra herb (Mao) exerts potent anti-allergic effects. This study aimed to examine the underlying mechanisms of Mao on allergic inflammation using in vitro cultured mast cells (MCs) and an in vivo model of MC-dependent anaphylaxis. METHODS Bone marrow-derived MCs (BMMCs) were presensitized with anti-2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) immunoglobulin E (IgE) and challenged with antigens (Ag; DNP-human serum albumin). Degranulation responses and cell surface high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI) expression were assessed with/without Mao treatment. Passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA)-treated mice were administered Mao and the pathophysiological responses were evaluated. RESULTS Mao inhibited Ag-induced BMMC degranulation, but not polyclonal activation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin, indicating that Mao inhibits IgE-dependent activation of BMMCs. Mao-treated BMMCs exhibited significant reductions in expression of surface IgE and its receptor FcεRI. Analysis of subcellular localization revealed that Mao induces FcεRI internalization in BMMCs without degranulation. In the PSA mouse model, Mao administration prevented antigen-induced hypothermia. Mao administration significantly reduced cell surface expression of IgE-bound FcεRI on peritoneal MCs. CONCLUSIONS Mao induced FcεRI internalization in MCs, thereby inhibiting Ag-induced IgE-dependent degranulation. The inhibitory effects of Mao on MC degranulation may offer a novel therapeutic approach for allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Nagata
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi Ishikawa, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ando
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yohei Sasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi Ishikawa, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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9
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Crosson T, Wang JC, Doyle B, Merrison H, Balood M, Parrin A, Pascal M, Mindt BC, Seehus CR, Ozcan A, Huang X, Semenara E, Lai NYY, Majdoubi A, Abdulnour REE, Rajchgot T, Rafei M, Foster SL, Thibodeau J, Fritz JH, Levy BD, Woolf CJ, Talbot S. FcεR1-expressing nociceptors trigger allergic airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:2330-2342. [PMID: 33453289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung nociceptor neurons amplify immune cell activity and mucus metaplasia in response to an inhaled allergen challenge in sensitized mice. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify the cellular mechanisms by which these sensory neurons are activated subsequent to allergen exposure. METHODS We used calcium microscopy and electrophysiologic recording to assess whether vagal neurons directly respond to the model allergen ovalbumin (OVA). Next, we generated the first nociceptor-specific FcεR1γ knockdown (TRPV1Cre::FcεR1γfl/fl) mice to assess whether this targeted invalidation would affect the severity of allergic inflammation in response to allergen challenges. RESULTS Lung-innervating jugular nodose complex ganglion neurons express the high-affinity IgE receptor FcεR1, the levels of which increase in OVA-sensitized mice. FcεR1γ-expressing vagal nociceptor neurons respond directly to OVA complexed with IgE with depolarization, action potential firing, calcium influx, and neuropeptide release. Activation of vagal neurons by IgE-allergen immune complexes, through the release of substance P from their peripheral terminals, directly amplifies TH2 cell influx and polarization in the airways. Allergic airway inflammation is decreased in TRPV1Cre::FcεR1γfl/fl mice and in FcεR1α-/- mice into which bone marrow has been transplanted. Finally, increased in vivo circulating levels of IgE following allergen sensitization enhances the responsiveness of FcεR1 to immune complexes in both mouse jugular nodose complex ganglion neurons and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived nociceptors. CONCLUSIONS Allergen sensitization triggers a feedforward inflammatory loop between IgE-producing plasma cells, FcεR1-expressing vagal sensory neurons, and TH2 cells, which helps to both initiate and amplify allergic airway inflammation. These data highlight a novel target for reducing allergy, namely, FcεR1γ expressed by nociceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Crosson
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jo-Chiao Wang
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Doyle
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Hannah Merrison
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Mohammad Balood
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Parrin
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Maud Pascal
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Barbara C Mindt
- McGill University Research Center on Complex Traits, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Corey R Seehus
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Alp Ozcan
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Xuan Huang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Elise Semenara
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicole Y Y Lai
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Abdelilah Majdoubi
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Raja-Elie E Abdulnour
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Trevor Rajchgot
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Moutih Rafei
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simmie L Foster
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Jacques Thibodeau
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jörg H Fritz
- McGill University Research Center on Complex Traits, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Sebastien Talbot
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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10
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Kanagaratham C, El Ansari YS, Lewis OL, Oettgen HC. IgE and IgG Antibodies as Regulators of Mast Cell and Basophil Functions in Food Allergy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:603050. [PMID: 33362785 PMCID: PMC7759531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy is a major health issue, affecting the lives of 8% of U.S. children and their families. There is an urgent need to identify the environmental and endogenous signals that induce and sustain allergic responses to ingested allergens. Acute reactions to foods are triggered by the activation of mast cells and basophils, both of which release inflammatory mediators that lead to a range of clinical manifestations, including gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and respiratory reactions as well as systemic anaphylaxis. Both of these innate effector cell types express the high affinity IgE receptor, FcϵRI, on their surface and are armed for adaptive antigen recognition by very-tightly bound IgE antibodies which, when cross-linked by polyvalent allergen, trigger degranulation. These cells also express inhibitory receptors, including the IgG Fc receptor, FcγRIIb, that suppress their IgE-mediated activation. Recent studies have shown that natural resolution of food allergies is associated with increasing food-specific IgG levels. Furthermore, oral immunotherapy, the sequential administration of incrementally increasing doses of food allergen, is accompanied by the strong induction of allergen-specific IgG antibodies in both human subjects and murine models. These can deliver inhibitory signals via FcγRIIb that block IgE-induced immediate food reactions. In addition to their role in mediating immediate hypersensitivity reactions, mast cells and basophils serve separate but critical functions as adjuvants for type 2 immunity in food allergy. Mast cells and basophils, activated by IgE, are key sources of IL-4 that tilts the immune balance away from tolerance and towards type 2 immunity by promoting the induction of Th2 cells along with the innate effectors of type 2 immunity, ILC2s, while suppressing the development of regulatory T cells and driving their subversion to a pathogenic pro-Th2 phenotype. This adjuvant effect of mast cells and basophils is suppressed when inhibitory signals are delivered by IgG antibodies signaling via FcγRIIb. This review summarizes current understanding of the immunoregulatory effects of mast cells and basophils and how these functions are modulated by IgE and IgG antibodies. Understanding these pathways could provide important insights into innovative strategies for preventing and/or reversing food allergy in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Kanagaratham
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yasmeen S El Ansari
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Owen L Lewis
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hans C Oettgen
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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11
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Upchurch K, Wiest M, Cardenas J, Skinner J, Nattami D, Lanier B, Millard M, Joo H, Turner J, Oh S. Whole blood transcriptional variations between responders and non-responders in asthma patients receiving omalizumab. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:1017-1034. [PMID: 32472607 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-IgE (omalizumab) has been used for the treatment of moderate-to-severe asthma that is not controlled by inhaled steroids. Despite its success, it does not always provide patients with significant clinical benefits. OBJECTIVE To investigate the transcriptional variations between omalizumab responders and non-responders and to study the mechanisms of action of omalizumab. METHODS The whole blood transcriptomes of moderate-to-severe adult asthma patients (N = 45:34 responders and 11 non-responders) were analysed over the course of omalizumab treatment. Non-asthmatic healthy controls (N = 17) were used as controls. RESULTS Transcriptome variations between responders and non-responders were identified using the genes significant (FDR < 0.05) in at least one comparison of each patient response status and time point compared with control subjects. Using gene ontology and network analysis, eight clusters of genes were identified. Longitudinal analyses of individual clusters revealed that responders could maintain changes induced with omalizumab treatment and become more similar to the control subjects, while non-responders tend to remain more similar to their pre-treatment baseline. Further analysis of an inflammatory gene cluster revealed that genes associated with neutrophil/eosinophil activities were up-regulated in non-responders and, more importantly, omalizumab did not significantly alter their expression levels. The application of modular analysis supported our findings and further revealed variations between responders and non-responders. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provides not only transcriptional variations between omalizumab responders and non-responders, but also molecular insights for controlling asthma by omalizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Wiest
- Baylor University, Institute for Biomedical Studies, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Jacob Cardenas
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jason Skinner
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Durgha Nattami
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bobby Lanier
- North Texas Institute for Clinical Trials, Ft Worth, TX, USA
| | - Mark Millard
- Martha Foster Lung Care Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - HyeMee Joo
- Baylor University, Institute for Biomedical Studies, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Jacob Turner
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, USA
| | - SangKon Oh
- Baylor University, Institute for Biomedical Studies, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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12
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Joo HM, Hong EH, Cho SJ, Nam SY, Kim JY. Preventative and Therapeutic Effects of Low-dose Ionizing Radiation on the Allergic Response of Rat Basophilic Leukemia Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16079. [PMID: 31695078 PMCID: PMC6834612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of allergies has increased over the last four decades. In allergic reactions, mast cells induce a hypersensitive immune response to a substance that is normally harmless. Ionizing radiation has different biological effects depending on the dose and dose rate. In this study, we investigated whether low-dose irradiation before (preventative effect) or after (therapeutic effect) an antigen-antibody reaction has an anti-allergic effect. To test this, we activated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) mast cells with anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl IgE (antibody) and 2,4-dinitrophenyl human serum albumin, which served as an antigen. To test for both the potential of a preventative effect and a therapeutic effect, we irradiated mast cells both before and after mast cell activation, and we measured mediator release and signaling pathway activity. Low-dose ionizing radiation suppressed mediator release from RBL-2H3 mast cells activated by the antigen-antibody reaction regardless of when the mast cells were irradiated. These results were due to the suppression of FcεRI expression. Therefore, we suggest that low-dose ionizing radiation has a preventative and therapeutic effect in allergic reactions via the FcεRI-mediated RBL-2H3 mast cell activation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Mi Joo
- Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd, Seoul, 132-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Hong
- Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd, Seoul, 132-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Cho
- Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd, Seoul, 132-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Young Nam
- Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd, Seoul, 132-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd, Seoul, 132-703, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Tracing IgE-Producing Cells in Allergic Patients. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090994. [PMID: 31466324 PMCID: PMC6769703 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is the key immunoglobulin in the pathogenesis of IgE associated allergic diseases affecting 30% of the world population. Recent data suggest that allergen-specific IgE levels in serum of allergic patients are sustained by two different mechanisms: inducible IgE production through allergen exposure, and continuous IgE production occurring even in the absence of allergen stimulus that maintains IgE levels. This assumption is supported by two observations. First, allergen exposure induces transient increases of systemic IgE production. Second, reduction in IgE levels upon depletion of IgE from the blood of allergic patients using immunoapheresis is only temporary and IgE levels quickly return to pre-treatment levels even in the absence of allergen exposure. Though IgE production has been observed in the peripheral blood and locally in various human tissues (e.g., nose, lung, spleen, bone marrow), the origin and main sites of IgE production in humans remain unknown. Furthermore, IgE-producing cells in humans have yet to be fully characterized. Capturing IgE-producing cells is challenging not only because current staining technologies are inadequate, but also because the cells are rare, they are difficult to discriminate from cells bearing IgE bound to IgE-receptors, and plasma cells express little IgE on their surface. However, due to the central role in mediating both the early and late phases of allergy, free IgE, IgE-bearing effector cells and IgE-producing cells are important therapeutic targets. Here, we discuss current knowledge and unanswered questions regarding IgE production in allergic patients as well as possible therapeutic approaches targeting IgE.
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14
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Seyed Jafari SM, Gadaldi K, Feldmeyer L, Yawalkar N, Borradori L, Schlapbach C. Effects of Omalizumab on FcεRI and IgE Expression in Lesional Skin of Bullous Pemphigoid. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1919. [PMID: 31474990 PMCID: PMC6702353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest an important role of immunoglobulin E (IgE) as an alternative pathogenic pathway in the development of bullous pemphigoid (BP), as the most frequent subepidermal blistering disease of the skin Use of IgE targeted therapies, such as omalizumab, has been shown promising in recent studies. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of omalizumab on FcεRI and IgE expression on circulating basophils and on lesional intradermal cells in BP to generate insight into the immunological effects of omalizumab in BP. We report two cases of BP patients treated with omalizumab. Efficacy of treatment was assessed clinically 4 months after initiation of the therapy. Lesional and non-lesional skin biopsies where taken before and 4 weeks after initiation of omalizumab therapy. In addition, FcεRI expression on circulating cells and IgE levels in serum and in the skin samples, as well as anti-BP180 and anti-BP230 in serum and eosinophils and basophils counts in blood were assessed before and during treatment. Both patients showed a marked improvement after 4 months, with no adverse effects. Down-regulation of FcεRI, IgE in lesional skin and on circulating basophils were observed in parallel with clinical improvement. The current case study supports the role of omalizumab in the treatment of a subset of BP patients. Our observations suggest that omalizumab represents a valuable therapeutic option in the management of BP patients. Its efficacy might be related to reduction in FcεRI+ and IgE+ basophils and intradermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christoph Schlapbach
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital-Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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15
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Berings M, Gevaert P, De Ruyck N, Derycke L, Holtappels G, Pilette C, Bachert C, Lambrecht BN, Dullaers M. FcεRI expression and IgE binding by dendritic cells and basophils in allergic rhinitis and upon allergen immunotherapy. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:970-980. [PMID: 29682789 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, both basophils and dendritic cells (DCs) express the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI). OBJECTIVE To gain more insight into the relation between serum IgE levels and FcεRI expression and IgE binding by DCs and basophils in house dust mite (HDM) allergy and during subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). METHODS We measured FcεRI, IgE and HDM allergen on DCs (conventional type 2 DCs, cDC2s; plasmacytoid dendritic cells, pDCs) and basophils by flow cytometry in 22 non-allergic vs 52 allergic subjects and upon HDM SCIT in 28 allergic subjects. IgE levels were measured in serum. RESULTS Serum IgE correlated differentially with FcεRI expression and IgE binding depending on cell type and allergic status. In non-allergic subjects, FcεRI/IgE surface densities increased with serum IgE to a significantly stronger degree on basophils compared to cDC2s. By contrast, in allergic subjects FcεRI/IgE surface densities increased with serum IgE to a slightly stronger degree on cDC2s compared to basophils. In addition, the data set suggests sequential loading of IgE onto FcεRI expressed by these cells (basophils>cDC2s>pDCs). Finally, HDM SCIT induced a temporary increase in serum IgE, which was paralleled by a peak in FcεRI and IgE on DCs, but not on basophils. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provides a comprehensive insight into the relation between serum IgE and FcεRI/IgE on basophils and DC subsets. The novel finding that HDM SCIT induces a temporary increase in FcεRI expression on DCs, but not on basophils, can be an incentive for future research on the potential tolerogenic role of IgE/FcεRI signalling in DCs in the setting of allergen immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Berings
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Gevaert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N De Ruyck
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Derycke
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - G Holtappels
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Pilette
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - B N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Dullaers
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium.,Clinical Immunology Research Lab, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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16
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IL-3 but not monomeric IgE regulates FcεRI levels and cell survival in primary human basophils. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:510. [PMID: 29724998 PMCID: PMC5938712 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Binding of allergen-specific IgE to its primary receptor FcεRI on basophils and mast cells represents a central event in the development of allergic diseases. The high-affinity interaction between IgE and FcεRI results in permanent sensitization of these allergic effector cells and critically regulates their release of pro-inflammatory mediators upon IgE cross-linking by allergens. In addition, binding of monomeric IgE has been reported to actively regulate FcεRI surface levels and promote survival of mast cells in the absence of allergen through the induction of autocrine cytokine secretion including interleukin-3 (IL-3). As basophils and mast cells share many biological commonalities we sought to assess the role of monomeric IgE binding and IL-3 signaling in FcεRI regulation and cell survival of primary human basophils. FcεRI cell surface levels and survival of isolated blood basophils were assessed upon addition of monomeric IgE or physiologic removal of endogenous cell-bound IgE with a disruptive IgE inhibitor by flow cytometry. We further determined basophil cell numbers in both low and high serum IgE blood donors and mice that are either sufficient or deficient for FcεRI. Ultimately, we investigated the effect of IL-3 on basophil surface FcεRI levels by protein and gene expression analysis. Surface levels of FcεRI were passively stabilized but not actively upregulated in the presence of monomeric IgE. In contrast to previous observations with mast cells, monomeric IgE binding did not enhance basophil survival. Interestingly, we found that IL-3 transcriptionally regulates surface levels of FcεRI in human primary basophils. Our data suggest that IL-3 but not monomeric IgE regulates FcεRI expression and cell survival in primary human basophils. Thus, blocking of IL-3 signaling in allergic effector cells might represent an interesting approach to diminish surface FcεRI levels and to prevent prolonged cell survival in allergic inflammation.
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17
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S1P₄ Regulates Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis in Mice but Is Dispensable for Canonical IgE-Mediated Responses in Mast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051279. [PMID: 29693558 PMCID: PMC5983835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are key players in the development of inflammatory allergic reactions. Cross-linking of the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI) on mast cells leads to the generation and secretion of the sphingolipid mediator, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) which is able, in turn, to transactivate its receptors on mast cells. Previous reports have identified the expression of two of the five receptors for S1P on mast cells, S1P1 and S1P2, with functions in FcεRI-mediated chemotaxis and degranulation, respectively. Here, we show that cultured mouse mast cells also express abundant message for S1P4. Genetic deletion of S1pr4 did not affect the differentiation of bone marrow progenitors into mast cells or the proliferation of mast cells in culture. A comprehensive characterization of IgE-mediated responses in S1P4-deficient bone marrow-derived and peritoneal mouse mast cells indicated that this receptor is dispensable for mast cell degranulation, cytokine/chemokine production and FcεRI-mediated chemotaxis in vitro. However, interleukin-33 (IL-33)-mediated enhancement of IgE-induced degranulation was reduced in S1P4-deficient peritoneal mast cells, revealing a potential negative regulatory role for S1P4 in an IL-33-rich environment. Surprisingly, genetic deletion of S1pr4 resulted in exacerbation of passive systemic anaphylaxis to IgE/anti-IgE in mice, a phenotype likely related to mast cell-extrinsic influences, such as the high circulating levels of IgE in these mice which increases FcεRI expression and consequently the extent of the response to FcεRI engagement. Thus, we provide evidence that S1P4 modulates anaphylaxis in an unexpected manner that does not involve regulation of mast cell responsiveness to IgE stimulation.
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18
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Odaka T, Suetake H, Maeda T, Miyadai T. Teleost Basophils Have IgM-Dependent and Dual Ig-Independent Degranulation Systems. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29514952 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, mammalian basophils have been highlighted as having roles in allergy and antiparasitic immunity; however, there is little information about the functions and evolutionary origin of basophils, because they are the least abundant leukocyte in most vertebrates. In this study, we characterized the teleost basophils that are abundant in the peripheral blood of fugu (Takifugu rubripes). Fugu basophils have two distinct granules: reddish-purple and dark violet ones. Teleost fish do not have IgG and IgE, but we found that fugu IgM bound on the surface of the basophils, and the cross-linked IgM induced degranulation of both types of granules. This indicates that teleost basophils can be activated in an Ab-dependent manner. Furthermore, papain induced the degranulation of the reddish-purple granules, which contain histamine, and the released granules stimulated the migration of various leukocytes. In contrast, chitin elicited the degranulation of the dark violet granules, which resulted in CD4+ T cell-specific migration. Thus, fugu basophils control immune responses via two distinct Ab-independent mechanisms. In addition, fugu basophils endocytosed soluble Ag and expressed MHC class II and B7-H1/DC. These findings suggested that fugu basophils can interact with T cells as APCs. Thus, the Ab-dependent basophil activation predates the emergence of IgG and IgE, and fish basophils exhibit different dynamics and features of degranulation to distinct stimuli compared with mammalian basophils. Some features of teleost basophils are more similar to those of mammalian mast cells than to those of mammalian basophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Odaka
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suetake
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
| | - Tomoki Maeda
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Miyadai
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
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19
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Rigoni A, Colombo MP, Pucillo C. Mast cells, basophils and eosinophils: From allergy to cancer. Semin Immunol 2018; 35:29-34. [PMID: 29428698 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Basophils, eosinophils and mast cells were first recognized by Paul Ehrlich in the late 19th century. These cells have common, but non-redundant roles, in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and in the protection against parasites. Nevertheless, in virtue of their shared-adeptness to produce a huge variety of immunological mediators and express membrane-bound receptors, they are able to interact with immune and non-immune components of the tissue microenvironment, contributing to the regulation of tissue homeostasis and immune response while participating to further deregulation of tissues transforming into neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rigoni
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M P Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - C Pucillo
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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20
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Qibi O, Audusseau S, Mogas A, Allakhverdi Z, Soussi Gounni A, Al Heialy S, Hamid Q. No evidence for IgE receptor FcεRI expression on bronchial epithelial cells of asthmatic patients. AIMS ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2018.4.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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21
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Pelaia C, Calabrese C, Terracciano R, de Blasio F, Vatrella A, Pelaia G. Omalizumab, the first available antibody for biological treatment of severe asthma: more than a decade of real-life effectiveness. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2018; 12:1753466618810192. [PMID: 30400762 PMCID: PMC6236630 DOI: 10.1177/1753466618810192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Omalizumab was the first, and for a long time the only available monoclonal antibody for the add-on treatment of severe allergic asthma. In particular, omalizumab selectively targets human immunoglobulin (Ig)E, forming small-size immune complexes that inhibit IgE binding to its high- and low-affinity receptors. Therefore, omalizumab effectively blunts the immune response in atopic asthmatic patients, thus significantly improving the control of asthma symptoms and successfully preventing disease exacerbations. These very positive effects of omalizumab make it possible to drastically decrease both referrals to the emergency room and hospitalizations for asthma exacerbations. Such important therapeutic actions of omalizumab have been documented by several randomized clinical trials, and especially by more than 10 years of real-life experience in daily clinical practice. Omalizumab can also interfere with airway remodelling by inhibiting the activation of IgE receptors located on structural cells such as bronchial epithelial cells and airway smooth muscle cells. Moreover, omalizumab is characterized by a very good safety and tolerability profile. Hence, omalizumab represents a valuable therapeutic option for the add-on biological treatment of severe allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences,
University ‘Magna Græcia’ of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cecilia Calabrese
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory
Sciences, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Terracciano
- Department of Health Sciences, University ‘Magna
Græcia’ of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco de Blasio
- Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary
Rehabilitation Section, Clinic Center Private Hospital, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences ‘V.
Tiberio’, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry,
University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences,
University ‘Magna Græcia’ of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; Campus
Universitario ‘Salvatore Venuta’, Viale Europa – Località Germaneto,
Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
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22
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de Montjoye L, Herman A, Nicolas JF, Baeck M. Treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria: Immunomodulatory approaches. Clin Immunol 2017; 190:53-63. [PMID: 29129806 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper summarizes and reviews the mechanisms of action and data concerning efficacy of recommended treatments as well as other treatments that have been tested, independently of the outcomes, in the management of chronic spontaneous urticaria. Due to the central role of mast cells, basophils and histamine in the pathophysiology of this disease, H1-antihistamines remain the first-line treatment. However, current knowledge about this complex disease, also recognizes an important role for T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and autoantibodies. Implications of these others mediators thus provide further targets for treatment. Indeed, agents previously used to treat other autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, have demonstrated efficacy in chronic spontaneous urticaria and are therefore potential therapeutic alternatives for antihistamine unresponsive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence de Montjoye
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Luc University Hospital, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Anne Herman
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Luc University Hospital, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Nicolas
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Center Lyon Sud, Lyon, France; CIRI- INSERM U1111 - CNRS UMR5308, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Baeck
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Luc University Hospital, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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23
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Khoryati L, Augusto JF, Shipley E, Contin-Bordes C, Douchet I, Mitrovic S, Truchetet ME, Lazaro E, Duffau P, Couzi L, Jacquemin C, Barnetche T, Vacher P, Schaeverbeke T, Blanco P, Richez C. IgE Inhibits Toll-like Receptor 7- and Toll-like Receptor 9-Mediated Expression of Interferon-α by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:2221-31. [PMID: 26991804 DOI: 10.1002/art.39679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) play a central role in pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) through their unique ability to produce large amounts of type I interferon (IFN) upon Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7) and TLR-9 triggering. PDCs express specific surface regulatory receptors involved in negative regulation of IFNα secretion. These receptors use the γ-chain of high-affinity Fc receptor (FcR) for IgE, FcɛRI. We undertook this study to test our hypothesis that IgE engagement of FcɛRI on PDCs may impact IFNα production in SLE patients. METHODS Serum levels of total IgE were measured in healthy volunteers, SLE patients, and patients with IgE-dependent allergic disorders. FcɛRI expression on PDCs from SLE patients was evaluated by flow cytometry. Purified PDCs were incubated with monoclonal IgE for 24 hours, then stimulated for 18 hours with TLR agonists or immune complexes (ICs). IFNα production by PDCs was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of TLR-7, TLR-9, and IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7) in PDCs was quantified by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS We observed significantly higher IgE levels in SLE patients with quiescent disease than in those with active disease. In SLE patients, IgE levels correlated inversely with disease activity. IgE levels were not associated with the presence of antinuclear IgE. Purified PDCs treated for 24 hours with monoclonal IgE up-regulated FcɛRI expression in an IgE dose-dependent manner. IgE-treated PDCs significantly decreased IFNα secretion and down-regulated CCR7 expression upon stimulation with TLR-7 and TLR-9 ligands and ICs from lupus patients. IgE treatment down-regulated expression of TLR-9 and IRF-7. CONCLUSION Our results support the notion that IgE plays a protective role in SLE pathogenesis through the modulation of inflammatory response by PDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Khoryati
- Université de Bordeaux and Immuno ConcEpT, CNRS-UMR 5164, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Emilie Shipley
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Contin-Bordes
- Université de Bordeaux, Immuno ConcEpT, CNRS-UMR 5164, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Stéphane Mitrovic
- Immuno ConcEpT, CNRS-UMR 5164, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Elise Truchetet
- Université de Bordeaux, Immuno ConcEpT, CNRS-UMR 5164, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Estibaliz Lazaro
- Université de Bordeaux, Immuno ConcEpT, CNRS-UMR 5164, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Duffau
- Université de Bordeaux, Immuno ConcEpT, CNRS-UMR 5164, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lionel Couzi
- Université de Bordeaux, Immuno ConcEpT, CNRS-UMR 5164, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Clément Jacquemin
- Université de Bordeaux and Immuno ConcEpT, CNRS-UMR 5164, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Pierre Vacher
- Université de Bordeaux and INSERM U916, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Schaeverbeke
- Université de Bordeaux and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Blanco
- Université de Bordeaux, Immuno ConcEpT, CNRS-UMR 5164, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Richez
- Université de Bordeaux, Immuno ConcEpT, CNRS-UMR 5164, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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24
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Kaplan AP, Giménez-Arnau AM, Saini SS. Mechanisms of action that contribute to efficacy of omalizumab in chronic spontaneous urticaria. Allergy 2017; 72:519-533. [PMID: 27861988 DOI: 10.1111/all.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody, omalizumab, was the first drug approved for use in patients with chronic idiopathic/spontaneous urticaria (CIU/CSU) who remain symptomatic despite H1 -antihistamine treatment. Omalizumab binds to free IgE, which lowers free IgE levels and causes FcεRI receptors on basophils and mast cells to be downregulated. It has been shown to improve symptoms of CIU/CSU, but its mechanism of action is not currently understood. Potential mechanisms in CIU/CSU include reducing mast cell releasability, reversing basopenia and improving basophil IgE receptor function, reducing activity of IgG autoantibodies against FcεRI and IgE, reducing activity of IgE autoantibodies against an antigen or autoantigen that has yet to be definitively identified, reducing the activity of intrinsically 'abnormal' IgE, and decreasing in vitro coagulation abnormalities associated with disease activity. However, none of these theories alone or in combination fully account for the pattern of symptom improvement seen with omalizumab therapy, and therefore, no one mechanism is likely to be the definitive mechanism of action. Additional research is needed to further clarify the involvement of omalizumab in relieving symptoms associated with the complex, multifactorial pathogenesis of CIU/CSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Kaplan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Department of Medicine; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
| | - A. M. Giménez-Arnau
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar D'Investigacions Mediques; Universitat Autònoma; Barcelona Spain
| | - S. S. Saini
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center; Baltimore MD USA
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25
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Puan KJ, Andiappan AK, Lee B, Kumar D, Lai TS, Yeo G, Bercin D, Starke M, Haase D, Lum J, Chew FT, Connolly J, Wong SC, Zolezzi F, Poidinger M, Wang DY, Rötzschke O. Systematic characterization of basophil anergy. Allergy 2017; 72:373-384. [PMID: 27271846 DOI: 10.1111/all.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cohort studies indicated that in certain individuals the basophils do not respond toward allergens due to a desensitization of their Fc epsilon receptor pathway. Cause and functional role as well as the implications on allergic reactions, however, are not clear yet. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in the tropical urban environment of Singapore, where the allergic response is dominated by a single allergen (house dust mite; HDM). Blood samples were collected from 476 individuals and analyzed comprehensively to correlate the functional state of their basophils with the clinical state as well as the composition of the cellular and soluble plasma components. RESULTS Inactivation of basophils ('basophil anergy') was observed in about 10% of the cohort. It was associated with a downregulation of basophil Syk and an apparent reduction in the incidence of allergic rhinitis. Correlations on the cohort level suggest that it represents a transitional state to be passed through during the interconversion of responder and nonresponder state. CONCLUSIONS Basophil anergy thus seems to function as activation barrier to prevent unwanted reactions against minor allergens. It may therefore be relevant for diagnostic purposes or therapeutic interventions of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kia Joo Puan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); A*STAR (Agency for Science; Technology and Research); Singapore Singapore
| | - Anand Kumar Andiappan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); A*STAR (Agency for Science; Technology and Research); Singapore Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); A*STAR (Agency for Science; Technology and Research); Singapore Singapore
| | - Dilip Kumar
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); A*STAR (Agency for Science; Technology and Research); Singapore Singapore
| | - Tuck Siong Lai
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); A*STAR (Agency for Science; Technology and Research); Singapore Singapore
| | - Giminna Yeo
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); A*STAR (Agency for Science; Technology and Research); Singapore Singapore
| | - Derya Bercin
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); A*STAR (Agency for Science; Technology and Research); Singapore Singapore
| | - Mireille Starke
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); A*STAR (Agency for Science; Technology and Research); Singapore Singapore
| | - Doreen Haase
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); A*STAR (Agency for Science; Technology and Research); Singapore Singapore
| | - Josephine Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); A*STAR (Agency for Science; Technology and Research); Singapore Singapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - John Connolly
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB); A*STAR (Agency for Science; Technology and Research); Singapore Singapore
| | - Siew Cheng Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); A*STAR (Agency for Science; Technology and Research); Singapore Singapore
| | - Francesca Zolezzi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); A*STAR (Agency for Science; Technology and Research); Singapore Singapore
| | - Michael Poidinger
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); A*STAR (Agency for Science; Technology and Research); Singapore Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - Olaf Rötzschke
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN); A*STAR (Agency for Science; Technology and Research); Singapore Singapore
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Kawakami T, Blank U. From IgE to Omalizumab. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 197:4187-4192. [PMID: 27864548 PMCID: PMC5123831 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IgE is the least abundant Ig isotype, yet it plays a critical role in allergic reactions and host protection from helminth infection. Although IgE was discovered 50 years ago, the ultimate evidence for its role in human allergic diseases was obtained by the efficacy of anti-IgE therapy in many clinical trials on asthma and other allergic diseases. Beginning from the discovery of IgE 50 y ago, followed by studies of IgE receptors and activation mechanisms, this review provides a historic perspective of allergy research that has led to the development of anti-IgE therapy and other strategies targeting IgE and its receptors. Current IgE studies toward future precision medicine are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037;
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ulrich Blank
- INSERM Unité 1149, Centre de Recherche sur I'Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France
- CNRS Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 8252, 75018 Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, 75018 Paris, France; and
- Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Xavier Bichat Site, 75018 Paris, France
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27
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Oetjen LK, Noti M, Kim BS. New insights into basophil heterogeneity. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:549-61. [PMID: 27178409 PMCID: PMC5010479 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Basophils have become increasingly recognized as important innate immune cells that mediate antihelminth immunity and barrier inflammation. Recent discoveries have uncovered previously unrecognized heterogeneity in basophil populations. However, how diversity in basophil regulation and function impacts human disease remains poorly defined. The goal of the present review is to highlight how new insights into basophil heterogeneity can help us to better understand disease pathogenesis and inform the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon K Oetjen
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8123, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mario Noti
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Brian S Kim
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8123, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Sakanaka M, Kurimune Y, Yamada K, Hyodo N, Natsuhara M, Ichikawa A, Furuta K, Tanaka S. Down-modulation of antigen-induced activation of murine cultured mast cells sensitized with a highly cytokinergic IgE clone. Immunol Lett 2016; 174:1-8. [PMID: 27060497 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that several IgE clones can activate mast cells during the sensitization phase even in the absence of antigen. They were found to induce pro-inflammatory cytokine release, histamine synthesis, chemotaxis, adhesion, and accelerated maturation of mast cells, although it remains unknown whether antigen-induced responses can be affected by differences of IgE clones. We compared two IgE clones, which were different in the capacity to activate mast cells during sensitization, in terms of potentials to affect antigen-induced degranulation and cytokine releases using IL-3-dependent murine bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells (BMMCs). Antigen-induced degranulation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release were augmented, when BMMCs were sensitized with elevated concentrations of a clone IgE-3, which did not induce phosphorylation of JNK and cytokine release in the absence of antigen, whereas those were significantly rather decreased, when BMMCs were sensitized with elevated concentrations of a clone SPE-7, one of the most potent cytokinergic IgE clones, which intensively induced phosphorylation of JNK. This attenuated response with SPE-7 was accompanied by decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of the cellular proteins including Syk upon antigen stimulation. SP600125, which is known to inhibit JNK, restored the levels of antigen-induced degranulation and phosphorylation of Syk in BMMCs sensitized with higher concentrations of a clone SPE-7 when it was added before sensitization. Treatment with anisomycin, a potent activator of JNK, before IgE sensitization significantly suppressed antigen-induced degranulation. These findings suggest that differences of sensitizing IgE clones can affect antigen-induced responses and activation of JNK during sensitization might suppress antigen-induced activation of mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Sakanaka
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Yuki Kurimune
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamada
- Department of Immunobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Nao Hyodo
- Department of Immunobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Mayuko Natsuhara
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ichikawa
- Institute for Biosciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Koshien, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Furuta
- Department of Immunobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Immunobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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Sheldon E, Schwickart M, Li J, Kim K, Crouch S, Parveen S, Kell C, Birrell C. Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of MEDI4212, an Anti-IgE Monoclonal Antibody, in Subjects with Atopy: A Phase I Study. Adv Ther 2016; 33:225-51. [PMID: 26843086 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-016-0287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The anti-IgE therapy omalizumab is currently licensed for the treatment of moderate to severe allergic asthma and chronic idiopathic urticaria. Owing to limitations in the use of omalizumab, a need exists for optimized anti-IgE therapies to broaden clinical indications and patient populations, and to improve dosing schedules. The objective of this phase I, randomized, placebo/omalizumab-controlled, first-in-human, dose-escalation study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of the high-affinity, anti-IgE therapy MEDI4212 in non-Japanese and Japanese subjects with atopy and/or diagnostic IgE ≥ 30 IU/mL. METHODS Subjects with atopy and/or baseline IgE ≥ 30 IU/mL were randomized to a single dose of subcutaneous (5, 15, 60, 150, or 300 mg) or intravenous (300 mg) MEDI4212, subcutaneous omalizumab, or placebo. Following administration, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic [IgE (free and total), and cellular FcεRI expression], and safety assessments were made. RESULTS MEDI4212 rapidly suppressed free serum IgE to a greater extent than omalizumab; however, recovery of free IgE to baseline in MEDI4212-dosed subjects was rapid when compared with the slow and gradual recovery seen in omalizumab-dosed individuals. The loss of IgE suppression corresponded with a rapid decrease of serum MEDI4212. FcεRI expression on dendritic cells and basophils was reduced following MEDI4212 dosing. MEDI4212 was well tolerated by subjects; adverse events were generally of low severity and no subjects discontinued due to adverse events. CONCLUSIONS The increased potency of MEDI4212 may be of clinical interest for individuals with high-diagnostic IgE levels where more extensive IgE suppression is required for clinical response. However, the modest duration of free IgE suppression below the target concentration noted with MEDI4212 in this study suggests limited potential for dosing schedule advantages over omalizumab. FUNDING MedImmune. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01544348.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jing Li
- MedImmune, Mountain View, CA, USA
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30
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The role of FcεRI expressed in dendritic cells and monocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2349-60. [PMID: 25715742 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Early studies regarding the function of FcεRI in dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes have focused on its role in mediating inflammatory signaling and enhancing T cell immunity. It has been the case in part because FcεRI is the major receptor that mediates allergic inflammatory signaling in mast cells and basophils and because DCs and monocytes are antigen presenting cells capable of activating naïve and/or effector T cells. These studies have led to the general belief that FcεRI-mediated DC signaling and antigen presentation promote development and activation of Th2 cells and contribute to allergic inflammatory diseases. However, this belief has long suffered from a lack of evidence. Recently, studies have emerged that provide evidence supporting an opposing role: that FcεRI on DCs instead promotes immune homeostasis and regulation. In this review, we will update the current status of our understanding of FcεRI biology and function, with a specific focus on DCs and monocytes.
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31
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Schwartz SL, Yan Q, Telmer CA, Lidke KA, Bruchez MP, Lidke DS. Fluorogen-activating proteins provide tunable labeling densities for tracking FcεRI independent of IgE. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:539-46. [PMID: 25343439 PMCID: PMC4340345 DOI: 10.1021/cb5005146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Crosslinking of IgE bound FcεRI on mast cells and basophils by multivalent antigen leads to degranulation and the release of key inflammatory mediators that stimulate the allergic response. Here, we present and characterize the use of fluorogen-activating proteins (FAPs) for single particle tracking of FcεRI to investigate how receptor mobility is influenced after IgE-induced changes in mast cell behavior. FAPs are genetically encoded tags that bind a fluorogen dye and increase its brightness upon binding up to 20,000-fold. We demonstrate that, by titrating fluorogen concentration, labeling densities from ensemble to single particle can be achieved, independent of expression level and without the need for wash steps or photobleaching. The FcεRI γ-subunit fused to a FAP (FAP-γ) provides, for the first time, an IgE-independent probe for tracking this signaling subunit of FcεRI at the single molecule level. We show that the FcεRI γ-subunit dynamics are controlled by the IgE-binding α-subunit and that the cytokinergic IgE, SPE-7, induces mast cell activation without altering FcεRI mobility or promoting internalization. We take advantage of the far-red emission of the malachite green (MG) fluorogen to track FcεRI relative to dynamin-GFP and find that immobilized receptors readily correlate with locations of dynamin recruitment only under conditions that promote rapid endocytosis. These studies demonstrate the usefulness of the FAP system for single molecule studies and have provided new insights into the relationship among FcεRI structure, activity, and mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Schwartz
- Department of Pathology and Cancer
Research and Treatment Center, ‡Department of Physics
and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
- Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, ∥Department of Biological
Sciences, ⊥Lane Center for
Computational Biology, #Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Pathology and Cancer
Research and Treatment Center, ‡Department of Physics
and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
- Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, ∥Department of Biological
Sciences, ⊥Lane Center for
Computational Biology, #Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Cheryl A. Telmer
- Department of Pathology and Cancer
Research and Treatment Center, ‡Department of Physics
and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
- Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, ∥Department of Biological
Sciences, ⊥Lane Center for
Computational Biology, #Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Keith A. Lidke
- Department of Pathology and Cancer
Research and Treatment Center, ‡Department of Physics
and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
- Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, ∥Department of Biological
Sciences, ⊥Lane Center for
Computational Biology, #Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Marcel P. Bruchez
- Department of Pathology and Cancer
Research and Treatment Center, ‡Department of Physics
and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
- Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, ∥Department of Biological
Sciences, ⊥Lane Center for
Computational Biology, #Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Diane S. Lidke
- Department of Pathology and Cancer
Research and Treatment Center, ‡Department of Physics
and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
- Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, ∥Department of Biological
Sciences, ⊥Lane Center for
Computational Biology, #Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Bonini M, Di Maria G, Paggiaro P, Rossi A, Senna G, Triggiani M, Canonica GW. Potential benefit of omalizumab in respiratory diseases. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 113:513-9. [PMID: 25442695 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide an overview of primary and secondary mechanisms associated with anti-IgE therapy and their relation to other potential indications in diseases affecting the respiratory tract. DATA SOURCES Literature from PubMed searches for publications providing insight into secondary mechanisms resulting from anti-IgE therapy and publications reporting on the use of omalizumab to treat conditions that affect the respiratory tract, other than severe atopic asthma. STUDY SELECTIONS Clinical trials or case reports were identified for asthma in patients without atopy, allergic rhinitis, nasal polyposis, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. RESULTS There is substantial evidence from controlled trials supporting a benefit for allergic rhinitis. Case reports and series on more than 50 patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis have been published, including patients with or without cystic fibrosis; most have reported benefits in terms of decreased steroid use, exacerbation rates, and, in patients with cystic fibrosis, improvement in lung function. Several small controlled studies on nasal polyposis have shown equivocal results. One small controlled trial in patients with nonatopic asthma showed a significant improvement for lung function but not in exacerbation rate or asthma scores. CONCLUSION Recent insight into the immunopathology of respiratory diseases should be used to identify patient populations likely to respond to anti-IgE therapy. Controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm efficacy and determine the clinical significance of the effects of omalizumab in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bonini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Maria
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Bio-Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Paggiaro
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Molecular Biology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Pulmonary Unit, University and General Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - GianEnrico Senna
- Allergology Unit, University and General Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Clinica Pneumologica e Allergologia, DIMI, Università di Genova, IRCCS AOU San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
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Messingham KN, Holahan HM, Frydman AS, Fullenkamp C, Srikantha R, Fairley JA. Human eosinophils express the high affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI, in bullous pemphigoid. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107725. [PMID: 25255430 PMCID: PMC4177878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease mediated by autoantibodies targeting BP180 (type XVII collagen). Patient sera and tissues typically have IgG and IgE autoantibodies and elevated eosinophil numbers. Although the pathogenicity of the IgE autoantibodies is established in BP, their contribution to the disease process is not well understood. Our aims were two-fold: 1) To establish the clinical relationships between total and BP180-specific IgE, eosinophilia and other markers of disease activity; and 2) To determine if eosinophils from BP patients express the high affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI, as a potential mechanism of action for IgE in BP. Our analysis of 48 untreated BP patients revealed a correlation between BP180 IgG and both BP180 IgE and peripheral eosinophil count. Additionally, we established a correlation between total IgE concentration and both BP180 IgE levels and eosinophil count. When only sera from patients (n = 16) with total IgE ≥ 400 IU/ml were analyzed, BP180 IgG levels correlated with disease severity, BP230 IgG, total circulating IgE and BP180 IgE. Finally, peripheral eosinophil count correlated more strongly with levels of BP180 IgE then with BP180 IgG. Next, eosinophil FcεRI expression was investigated in the blood and skin using several methods. Peripheral eosinophils from BP patients expressed mRNA for all three chains (α, β and γ) of the FcεRI. Surface expression of the FcεRIα was confirmed on both peripheral and tissue eosinophils from most BP patients by immunostaining. Furthermore, using a proximity ligation assay, interaction of the α- and β-chains of the FcεRI was observed in some biopsy specimens, suggesting tissue expression of the trimeric receptor form in some patients. These studies provide clinical support for the relevance of IgE in BP disease and provide one mechanism of action of these antibodies, via binding to the FcεRI on eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly N. Messingham
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Heather M. Holahan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Alexandra S. Frydman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Colleen Fullenkamp
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Rupasree Srikantha
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Janet A. Fairley
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
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MacGlashan D. Reply: To PMID 23791510. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:1494-5. [PMID: 24642142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Greer AM, Wu N, Putnam AL, Woodruff PG, Wolters P, Kinet JP, Shin JS. Serum IgE clearance is facilitated by human FcεRI internalization. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1187-98. [PMID: 24569373 DOI: 10.1172/jci68964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI is constitutively expressed in mast cells and basophils and is required for transmitting stimulatory signals upon engagement of IgE-bound allergens. FcεRI is also constitutively expressed in dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes in humans; however, the specific functions of the FcεRI expressed by these cells are not completely understood. Here, we found that FcεRI expressed by human blood DC antigen 1-positive (BDCA1+) DCs and monocytes, but not basophils, traffics to endolysosomal compartments under steady-state conditions. Furthermore, IgE bound to FcεRI on BDCA1+ DCs was rapidly endocytosed, transported to the lysosomes, and degraded in vitro. IgE injected into mice expressing human FcεRIα (FCER1A-Tg mice) was endocytosed by conventional DCs and monocytes, and endocytosis was associated with rapid clearance of circulating IgE from these mice. Importantly, this rapid IgE clearance was dependent on monocytes or DCs but not basophils. These findings strongly suggest that constitutive internalization of human FcεRI by DCs and monocytes distinctively contributes to serum IgE clearance.
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Słodka A, Wiktorska M, Brzezińska-Błaszczyk E. IgE by Itself Affects Mature Rat Mast Cell Preformed and De Novo-Synthesized Mediator Release and Amplifies Mast Cell Migratory Response. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79286. [PMID: 24205379 PMCID: PMC3813586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunoglobulin E (IgE) binds to high affinity receptor FcεRI numerously expressed on mast cells. Recent findings have revealed that IgE by itself may regulate various aspects of mast cell biology, however, detailed data is still limited. Methodology/Findings Here, we have examined the influence of IgE alone, used at different concentrations, on mast cell activity and releasability. For the study we have employed in vivo differentiated mature tissue mast cells isolated from rat peritoneal cavity. Mast cells were exposed to IgE alone and then the release of preformed and de novo-synthesized mediators, surface FcεRI expression and mast cell migratory response were assessed. IgE by itself was found to up-regulate FcεRI expression and activate mast cells to degranulation, as well as de novo synthesis and release of cysteinyl leukotrienes and TNF. We have provided evidence that IgE alone also amplified spontaneous and CCL5- or TNF-induced migration of mast cells. Importantly, IgE was effective only at concentrations ≥ 3 µg/mL. A molecular basis investigation using an array of specific inhibitors showed that Src kinases, PLC/PLA2, MAP kinases (ERK and p38) and PI3K were entirely or partially involved in IgE-induced mast cell response. Furthermore, IgE alone stimulated the phosphorylation of MAP kinases and PI3K in rat mast cells. Conclusion Our results clearly demonstrated that IgE by itself, at higher concentrations, influences mast cell activity and releasability. As there are different conditions when the IgE level is raised it might be supposed that in vivo IgE is one of the important factors modulating mast cell biology within tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Słodka
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wiktorska
- Department of Molecular and Medical Biophysics, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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Macglashan DW, Saini SS. Omalizumab increases the intrinsic sensitivity of human basophils to IgE-mediated stimulation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:906-11.e1-4. [PMID: 23791510 PMCID: PMC4302343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of allergic patients with omalizumab results in a paradoxical increase in their basophil histamine release (HR) response ex vivo to cross-linking anti-IgE antibody. It is not known whether this change in response is associated with an increase in intrinsic cellular sensitivity, which would be a paradoxical response. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether the increase in response to anti-IgE antibody is a reflection of an increased cellular sensitivity expressed as molecules of antigen-specific IgE per basophil required to produce 50% of the maximal response. METHODS Patients were treated with omalizumab or placebo for 12 weeks (NCT01003301 at ClinicalTrials.gov), and the metric of basophil sensitivity was assessed at 4 time points: baseline, 6 to 8 weeks, 12 weeks (after which treatment stopped), and 24 weeks (12 weeks after the end of treatment). RESULTS As observed previously, treatment with omalizumab resulted in a marked increase in the maximal HR induced by cross-linking anti-IgE antibody. This change was accompanied by a marked shift in intrinsic basophil sensitivity, ranging from 2.5- to 125-fold, with an average of 6-fold at the midpoint of the treatment to 12-fold after 12 weeks. The magnitude of the increase in cellular sensitivity was inversely related to the starting sensitivity or the starting maximum HR. The increased cellular sensitivity also occurred when using leukotriene C4 secretion as a metric of the basophil response. Twelve weeks after the end of treatment, cellular sensitivity was found to shift toward the baseline value, although the return to baseline was not yet complete at this time point. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with omalizumab results in a markedly increased sensitivity of basophils to IgE-mediated stimulation in terms of the number of IgE molecules required to produce a given response. These results provide a better quantitative sense of the phenotypic change that occurs in basophils during omalizumab treatment, which has both mechanistic and clinical implications.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Anti-Allergic Agents/administration & dosage
- Anti-Allergic Agents/immunology
- Anti-Allergic Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/blood
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/immunology
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Basophils/drug effects
- Basophils/immunology
- Female
- Histamine Release
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/therapy
- Immunoglobulin E/blood
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Leukotriene C4/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Omalizumab
- Receptors, Fc/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald W Macglashan
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.
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Frandsen PM, Krohn IJMK, Hoffmann HJ, Schiøtz PO. The Influence of IgE on Cultured Human Mast Cells. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013; 5:409-14. [PMID: 24179689 PMCID: PMC3810549 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2013.5.6.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The mast cell plays a pivotal role in the human immune response. Crosslinking of 2 IgE molecules bound to the high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) on the surface of the mast cell results in mast cell degranulation and the release of several proinflammatory mediators. Patients with type-I allergy have increased levels of IgE in the blood compared to healthy individuals. Methods In a 6-week culture system of stem cells to human mast cells we investigated the effect of the concentration of IgE. The mast cells were cultured with different concentrations of IgE for the last 10 days of the maturation period. It was observed how the IgE concentration affects the histamine release, FcεRI density on the mast cell surface and the concentration of other mediators. Results A clear correlation between IgE concentration in culture medium and the release of histamine upon activation was observed. It showed a bell-shaped dose response curve, with maximal response around an IgE-concentration of 250 ng/mL. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the mast cells and surface density of FcεRI on mast cell surface was also influenced by the IgE concentration in the culture medium. Conclusions IgE in the culture medium during the last 10 days of mast cell maturation influences the release of the preformed mediator histamine after mast cell activation and the density of FcεRI on the mast cell surface. The release of the de novo synthetized mediator prostaglandin D2 and the expression of chymase and tryptase are not influenced by IgE in culture medium.
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MacGlashan DW. IgE-dependent signaling as a therapeutic target for allergies. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33:502-9. [PMID: 22749712 PMCID: PMC3427396 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Atopic diseases are complex, with many immunological participants, but the central element in their expression is IgE antibody. In an atopic individual, the immune system pathologically reacts to environmental substances by producing IgE, and these allergen-specific IgE antibodies confer to IgE receptor-bearing cells responsiveness to the environmental substances. Mast cells and basophils are central to the immediate hypersensitivity reaction that is mediated by IgE. In humans, there are various other immune cells, notably dendritic cells and B cells, which can also bind IgE. For mast cells, basophils and dendritic cells, the receptor that binds IgE is the high-affinity receptor, FcɛRI. For B cells and a few other cell types, the low affinity receptor, FcɛRII, provides the cell with a means to sense the presence of IgE. This overview will focus on events following activation of the high-affinity receptor because FcɛRI generates the classical immediate hypersensitivity reaction.
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Manikandan J, Kothandaraman N, Hande MP, Pushparaj PN. Deciphering the structure and function of FcεRI/mast cell axis in the regulation of allergy and anaphylaxis: a functional genomics paradigm. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:1917-29. [PMID: 22146792 PMCID: PMC11114762 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Allergy and anaphylaxis are inflammatory disorders caused by immune reactions mainly induced by immunoglobulin-E that signal through the high-affinity FcεRI receptor to release the inflammatory mediators from innate immune cells. The FcεRI/mast cell axis is potently involved in triggering various intracellular signaling molecules to induce calcium release from the internal stores, induction of transcription factors such as NF-kB, secretion of various cytokines as well as lipid mediators, and degranulation, resulting in the induction of allergy and anaphylaxis. In this review, we discuss various cellular and molecular mechanisms triggered through FcεRI/mast cell axis in allergy and anaphylaxis with a special emphasis on the functional genomics paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayapal Manikandan
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies and mast cells have been so convincingly linked to the pathophysiology of anaphylaxis and other acute allergic reactions that it can be difficult to think of them in other contexts. However, a large body of evidence now suggests that both IgE and mast cells are also key drivers of the long-term pathophysiological changes and tissue remodeling associated with chronic allergic inflammation in asthma and other settings. Such potential roles include IgE-dependent regulation of mast-cell functions, actions of IgE that are largely independent of mast cells and roles of mast cells that do not directly involve IgE. In this review, we discuss findings supporting the conclusion that IgE and mast cells can have both interdependent and independent roles in the complex immune responses that manifest clinically as asthma and other allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA.
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Burton OT, Oettgen HC. Beyond immediate hypersensitivity: evolving roles for IgE antibodies in immune homeostasis and allergic diseases. Immunol Rev 2011; 242:128-43. [PMID: 21682742 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2011.01024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies have long been recognized as the antigen-specific triggers of allergic reactions. This review briefly introduces the established functions of IgE in immediate hypersensitivity and then focuses on emerging evidence from our own investigations as well as those of others that IgE plays important roles in protective immunity against parasites and exerts regulatory influences in the expression of its own receptors, FcεRI and CD23, as well as controlling mast cell homeostasis. We provide an overview of the multifaceted ways in which IgE antibodies contribute to the pathology of food allergy and speculate regarding potential mechanisms of action of IgE blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver T Burton
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Human mast cell line-1 (HMC-1) cells transfected with FcεRIα are sensitive to IgE/antigen-mediated stimulation demonstrating selectivity towards cytokine production. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1002-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kashiwakura JI, Otani IM, Kawakami T. Monomeric IgE and mast cell development, survival and function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 716:29-46. [PMID: 21713650 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9533-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells play a major role in allergy and anaphylaxis, as well as a protective role in immunity against bacteria and venoms (innate immunity) and T-cell activation (acquired immunity).1,2 It was long thought that two steps are essential to mast cell activation. The first step (sensitization) occurs when antigen-specific IgE binds to its high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) expressed on the surface of mast cells. The second step occurs when antigen (Ag) or anti-IgE binds antigen-specific IgE antibodies bound to FcεRI present on the mast cell surface (this mode of stimulation hereafter referred to as IgE+Ag or IgE+anti-IgE stimulation, respectively).Conventional wisdom has been that monomeric IgE plays only an initial, passive role in mast cell activation. However, recent findings have shown that IgE binding to its receptor FcεRI can mediate mast cell activation events even in the absence of antigen (this mode of stimulation hereafter referred to as IgE(-Ag) stimulation). Different subtypes of monomeric IgEs act via IgE(-Ag) stimulation to elicit varied effects on mast cells function, survival and differentiation. This chapter will describe the role of monomeric IgE molecules in allergic reaction, the various effects and mechanisms of action of IgE(-Ag) stimulation on mast cells and what possible developments may arise from this knowledge in the future. Since mast cells are involved in a variety of pathologic and protective responses, understanding the role that monomeric IgE plays in mast cell function, survival and differentiation will hopefully lead to better understanding and treatment of asthma and other allergic diseases, as well as improved understanding of host response to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Kashiwakura
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
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Abstract
The prevalence of diseases such as allergic asthma and rhinitis continues to increase in the United States, affecting millions of people. It is well-established that allergy contributes to the pathogenesis of most asthma, especially in children and young adults. Despite current therapy (eg, inhaled corticosteroids, anti-leukotrienes, and bronchodilators), patients with moderate to severe asthma remain symptomatic and experience frequent exacerbations of disease requiring oral corticosteroids, emergency department treatments, and hospitalizations. Allergic diseases are traditionally referred to as immediate or type 1 hypersensitivity reactions, with IgE as a critical factor. IgE is involved in allergic inflammation, especially in early-phase response, but it may also be involved in the late-phase allergic response. A direct correlation between serum IgE levels and asthma exists. As logarithm IgE values increase, asthma prevalence increases linearly, even in patients who are categorized as having nonallergic asthma. In addition, there is a significant, although low association in allergic rhinitis with IgE levels and positive skin test reactivity to pollens. Recent advances in our understanding of the role of IgE in allergic inflammation have led to the development of a monoclonal antibody to IgE that reduces IgE levels, thereby reducing allergic inflammation. This review aims to provide an overview of the basic science of the IgE molecule and the clinical efficacy of anti-IgE therapy in allergic and asthmatic diseases.
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Larché M. Immune mechanisms of sublingual immunotherapy: Are oral Langerhans cells the masters of tolerance? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126:646-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Untersmayr E, Bises G, Starkl P, Bevins CL, Scheiner O, Boltz-Nitulescu G, Wrba F, Jensen-Jarolim E. The high affinity IgE receptor Fc epsilonRI is expressed by human intestinal epithelial cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9023. [PMID: 20126404 PMCID: PMC2814858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE antibodies play a paramount role in the pathogenesis of various intestinal disorders. To gain insights in IgE-mediated pathophysiology of the gut, we investigated the expression of the high affinity IgE receptor Fc epsilonRI in human intestinal epithelium. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Fc epsilonRI alpha-chain, as detected by immunohistochemistry, was positive in epithelial cells for eight of eleven (8/11) specimens from colon cancer patients and 5/11 patients with inflammation of the enteric mucosa. The Fc epsilonRIalpha positive epithelial cells co-expressed Fc epsilonRIgamma, whereas with one exception, none of the samples was positive for the beta-chain in the epithelial layer. The functionality of Fc epsilonRI was confirmed in situ by human IgE binding. In experiments with human intestinal tumor cell lines, subconfluent Caco-2/TC7 and HCT-8 cells were found to express the alpha- and gamma-chains of Fc epsilonRI and to bind IgE, whereas confluent cells were negative for gamma-chains. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our data provide the first evidence that the components of a functional Fc epsilonRI are in vitro expressed by the human intestinal epithelial cells depending on differentiation and, more importantly, in situ in epithelia of patients with colon cancer or gastrointestinal inflammations. Thus, a contribution of Fc epsilonRI either to immunosurveillance or pathophysiology of the intestinal epithelium is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Untersmayr
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Patou J, Holtappels G, Affleck K, Gevaert P, Perez-Novo C, Van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C. Enhanced release of IgE-dependent early phase mediators from nasal polyp tissue. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2009; 6:11. [PMID: 19379488 PMCID: PMC2674877 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-6-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background The mast cell is a crucial effector cell in allergic rhinitis and other inflammatory diseases. During the acute allergic reaction preformed mediators such as histamine, but also de novo produced mediators such as leukotrienes (LTC4/D4/E4) and prostaglandins (PGD2) are released. Mast cells represent targets for therapeutic intervention, and thus a human ex-vivo model to stimulate mast cells taken from mucosal sites would be instrumental for drug intervention studies. We have aimed to activate mast cells within ex-vivo human nasal tissue by IgE/anti-IgE specific (ε chain specific) stimulations and in this respect to test the usability of nasal polyps versus inferior turbinates Methods Biopsy samples were collected from patients with nasal polyps and inferior turbinates from patients who underwent sinus or septal surgery. Tissue fragments were primed with IgE 1 μg/ml for 60 minutes and then stimulated for 30 minutes with tissue culture medium (negative control), anti-IgE 10 μg/ml, anti-IgE 30 μg/ml and ionomycin 10 μM (positive control). Histamine, leukotrienes and PGD2 were measured in supernatants. To help provide an understanding of the extent of the response, the number of tryptase and FcεRIα positive cells was evaluated by means of immunohistochemistry and the FcεRIα-chain was measured by means of quantitative PCR in the nasal polyp and inferior turbinate tissues. Finally, the correlation between IgE concentrations in the nasal tissue and the release of mediators was analysed. Results Stimulations with anti-IgE on IgE-primed nasal tissue fragments lead to a concentration-dependent release of histamine, leukotrienes and PGD2. The release of these early phase mediators was significantly higher in nasal polyps compared to inferior turbinates, although tryptase, FcεRIα positive cells and FcεRIα-chain transcripts were equally present in both groups. No correlation was found between baseline concentrations of IgE, and the release of histamine, LTC4/LTD4/LTE4 and PGD2 after stimulation. Conclusion This human nasal challenge model mimics the allergic early phase reaction. The release of histamine, cys-leukotrienes and PGD2 was significantly higher in nasal polyps versus inferior turbinates, however, this observation could not be explained by differences in mast cell or FcεRI+ cell numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke Patou
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Abstract
Rab5 is a small GTPase that regulates early endocytic events and is activated by RabGEF1/Rabex-5. Rabaptin-5, a Rab5 interacting protein, was identified as a protein critical for potentiating RabGEF1/Rabex-5's activation of Rab5. Using Rabaptin-5 shRNA knockdown, we show that Rabaptin-5 is dispensable for Rab5-dependent processes in intact mast cells, including high affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) internalization and endosome fusion. However, Rabaptin-5 deficiency markedly diminished expression of FcepsilonRI and beta1 integrin on the mast cell surface by diminishing receptor surface stability. This in turn reduced the ability of mast cells to bind IgE and significantly diminished both mast cell sensitivity to antigen (Ag)-induced mediator release and Ag-induced mast cell adhesion and migration. These findings show that, although dispensable for canonical Rab5 processes in mast cells, Rabaptin-5 importantly contributes to mast cell IgE-dependent immunologic function by enhancing mast cell receptor surface stability.
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Association of three sets of high-affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonR1) polymorphisms with aspirin-intolerant asthma. Respir Med 2008; 102:1132-9. [PMID: 18595682 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2008.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 03/07/2008] [Accepted: 03/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The high-affinity IgE receptor comprises a tetramer of the ligand-binding alpha chain, a signal-augmenting beta chain, and a signal-transducing gamma chain dimer on mast cells. We hypothesized that the three subsets of the FCER1 gene may play a role in the development of the aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA) phenotype and analyzed these genetic polymorphisms in association with clinical parameters in AIA patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Six polymorphisms of FCER1 (FCERIA-344C>T, FCER1A-95T>C, MS4A2-109T>C, MS4A2 E237G, FCER1G-237A>G, FCER1G-54G>T) were genotyped in 126 AIA patients compared to 177 patients with aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA) and 222 normal health controls (NC). RESULTS A significant difference in the genotype frequencies of FCER1G-237A>G was detected between AIA and ATA patients (p<0.05) both in co-dominant and recessive analysis models, whereas no significant relationships were identified between the frequencies of the other five single-nucleotide polymorphisms and AIA, ATA, and NC subjects. In addition, AIA patients carrying the homozygous AA genotype of FCER1G-237A>G exhibited significantly higher total serum IgE levels than did those with the GG/AG genotype (p=0.012). AIA patients expressing the CT/TT genotype at FCERIA-344C>T showed a higher prevalence of serum IgE specific to Staphylococcal enterotoxin A than did those with the CC genotype (p=0.008). CONCLUSION The FCER1G-237A>G and FCERIA-344C>T polymorphisms may contribute to the development of AIA in a Korean population.
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