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Nie C, Zou Y, Liao S, Gao Q, Li Q. Molecular Targets and Mechanisms of 6,7-Dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyphenanthrene from Chinese Yam Modulating NF-κB/COX-2 Signaling Pathway: The Application of Molecular Docking and Gene Silencing. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040883. [PMID: 36839242 PMCID: PMC9963849 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita) tuber has a significant effect of invigorating the intestine and improving the symptoms of long-term diarrhea according to the records of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Phenanthrene polyphenols from Chinese yam, with higher inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) than anti-inflammatory drugs, are an important material basis in alleviating ulcerative colitis via nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/COX-2 pathway, based on our previous research. The present study further explored the target and molecular mechanisms of phenanthrenes' modulation of the NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathway by means of molecular docking and gene silencing. Firstly, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression of 6-hydroxy-2,4,7-trimethoxyphenanthrene (PC2)/6,7-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyphe-nanthrene (PC4) were compared on TNF-α induced human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. Secondly, molecular docking and dynamics simulation were implemented for PC2/PC4 and COX-2. Finally, COX-2 silencing was performed on TNF-α induced Caco-2 cells to confirm the target of PC4 on NF-κB/COX-2 pathway. Lower expression of IL-8 and TNF-α in PC4 treated Caco-2 cells indicated that PC4 had stronger anti-inflammatory activity than PC2. The binding of PC4 and COX-2 was stronger due to the hydrogen bond between hydroxyl group and Tyr385. No significant differences were found in phosphorylation nuclear factor kappa-B inhibitor alpha (pIkBα), phosphorylation NF-κB (pNF-κB) and phosphorylation extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) expression between control and PC4 group after silencing, while these protein expressions significantly decreased in PC4 group without silencing, which confirmed that COX-2 was the important target for PC4 in alleviating ulcerative colitis. These findings indicate that PC4 was supposed to have inhibited NF-κB pathway mediated inflammation via suppression of positive feedback targeting COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyi Nie
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuxiao Zou
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Sentai Liao
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Qunyu Gao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qian Li
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13430362787
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Abstract
Inflammation and its timely resolution are critical to ensure effective host defense and appropriate tissue repair after injury and or infection. Chronic, unresolved inflammation typifies many prevalent pathologies. The key mediators that initiate and drive the inflammatory response are well defined and targeted by conventional anti-inflammatory therapeutics. More recently, there is a growing appreciation that specific mediators, including arachidonate-derived lipoxins, are generated in self-limiting inflammatory responses to promote the resolution of inflammation and endogenous repair mechanisms without compromising host defense. We discuss the proresolving biological actions of lipoxins and recent efforts to harness their therapeutic potential through the development of novel, potent lipoxin mimetics generated via efficient, modular stereoselective synthetic pathways. We consider the evidence that lipoxin mimetics may have applications in limiting inflammation and reversing fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Godson
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;
- The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick Guiry
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoin Brennan
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;
- The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Alhouayek M, Ameraoui H, Muccioli GG. Bioactive lipids in inflammatory bowel diseases - From pathophysiological alterations to therapeutic opportunities. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1866:158854. [PMID: 33157277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are lifelong diseases that remain challenging to treat. IBDs are characterized by alterations in intestinal barrier function and dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immunity. An increasing number of lipids are found to be important regulators of inflammation and immunity as well as gut physiology. Therefore, the study of lipid mediators in IBDs is expected to improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and lead to novel therapeutic opportunities. Here, through selected examples - such as fatty acids, specialized proresolving mediators, lysophospholipids, endocannabinoids, and oxysterols - we discuss how lipid signaling is involved in IBD physiopathology and how modulating lipid signaling pathways could affect IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Alhouayek
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Hafsa Ameraoui
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Abma W, Noreby M, Wheelock CE, Dahlén SE, Adner M, Säfholm J. Lipoxin A 4 reduces house dust mite and TNFα-induced hyperreactivity in the mouse trachea. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 149:106428. [PMID: 32070748 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is considered a specialised pro-resolving mediator that decreases inflammation: however, pro-inflammatory effects have been described in the airways. Here, we investigated whether LXA4 could influence airway hyperreactivity induced in mouse trachea by house dust mite extract (HDM) or TNFα. Intranasal instillation of HDM caused a serotonin (5-HT) mediated airway hyperreactivity ex vivo (Emax: 78.1 ± 16.2 % versus control 12.8 ± 1.0 %) that was reduced by LXA4 installation one hour prior to HDM (Emax: 49.9 ± 11.4 %). Also, in isolated tracheal segments cultured for four days, HDM induced a hyperreactivity (Emax: 33.2 ± 3.1 % versus control 9.0 ± 0.7 %) that was decreased by LXA4 (Emax: 18.7 ± 1.5 %). One part of the HDM-induced hyperreactivity could be inhibited by the TNFα-inhibitor etanercept. TNFα-induced upregulation of 5-HT responses (Emax: 51.3 ± 1.2 % versus control 13.9 ± 0.5 %) was decreased by 10-1000 nM LXA4. In precontracted tracheal segments, LXA4 had no relaxing effect. Overall, LXA4 was able to decrease airway hyperreactivity induced by both HDM and TNFα, thus having a sub-acute anti-inflammatory effect in airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Abma
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 5B, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 5B, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Noreby
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 5B, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 5B, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 9A, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven-Erik Dahlén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 5B, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 5B, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Adner
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 5B, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 5B, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Säfholm
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 5B, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum 5B, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Luo YY, Wu SH, Lu HY, Li BJ, Li SJ, Sun ZY, Jin R, Chen XQ. Lipoxin A4 attenuates hyperoxia‑induced lung epithelial cell injury via the upregulation of heme oxygenase‑1 and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:429-437. [PMID: 31746387 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined whether lipoxin A4 (LXA4) increases the expression of HO‑1, and inhibits the production of interleukin 6 (IL‑6) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP‑1) in LXA4‑induced protection during hyperoxia‑induced injury in murine lung epithelial cells (MLE‑12) and what signal pathway may participate in the actions of LXA4 inhibiting IL‑6 and MCP‑1. MLE‑12 cells were exposed to air or hyperoxia with or without pretreatment with LXA4, Zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP‑IX), IL‑6, anti‑IL‑6, MCP‑1, anti‑MCP‑1, inhibitors of p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways. The cell survival rates, cell viability, apoptosis rates, expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), heme oxygenase‑1 (HO‑1), IL‑6 and MCP‑1, and the activations of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and Akt were measured. LXA4 significantly increased the cell survival rates, cell viability, SOD levels and HO‑1 expression, reduced the apoptosis rates, and inhibited the MCP‑1 and IL‑6 levels induced by hyperoxia in cells. ZnPP‑IX, an inhibitor of HO‑1, blocked LXA4‑induced protection on cell viability in cells exposed to hyperoxia. Anti‑IL‑6 and anti‑MCP‑1 improved the cell viability of cells exposed to hyperoxia. Inhibition of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 blocked the expression of MCP‑1 and IL‑6 induced by hyperoxia. LXA4 inhibited the activation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 induced by hyperoxia, and increased the activation of the Akt signaling pathway, which was inhibited by hyperoxia. Therefore, LXA4 attenuated hyperoxia‑induced injury in MLE‑12 cells via the upregulation of HO‑1 expression. The protection of LXA4 in hyperoxia‑induced cell injury may be associated with the downregulation IL‑6 and MCP‑1 levels via the inhibition of the p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Hua Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Jie Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Jun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Yi Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Thoo L, Noti M, Krebs P. Keep calm: the intestinal barrier at the interface of peace and war. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:849. [PMID: 31699962 PMCID: PMC6838056 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial barriers have to constantly cope with both harmless and harmful stimuli. The epithelial barrier therefore serves as a dynamic and not static wall to safeguard its proper physiological function while ensuring protection. This is achieved through multiple defence mechanisms involving various cell types - epithelial and non-epithelial - that work in an integrated manner to build protective barriers at mucosal sites. Damage may nevertheless occur, due to pathogens, physical insults or dysregulated immune responses, which trigger a physiologic acute or a pathologic chronic inflammatory cascade. Inflammation is often viewed as a pathological condition, particularly due to the increasing prevalence of chronic inflammatory (intestinal) diseases. However, inflammation is also necessary for wound healing. The aetiology of chronic inflammatory diseases is incompletely understood and identification of the underlying mechanisms would reveal additional therapeutic approaches. Resolution is an active host response to end ongoing inflammation but its relevance is under-appreciated. Currently, most therapies aim at dampening inflammation at damaged mucosal sites, yet these approaches do not efficiently shut down the inflammation process nor repair the epithelial barrier. Therefore, future treatment strategies should also promote the resolution phase. Yet, the task of repairing the barrier can be an arduous endeavour considering its multiple integrated layers of defence - which is advantageous for damage prevention but becomes challenging to repair at multiple levels. In this review, using the intestines as a model epithelial organ and barrier paradigm, we describe the consequences of chronic inflammation and highlight the importance of the mucosae to engage resolving processes to restore epithelial barrier integrity and function. We further discuss the contribution of pre-mRNA alternative splicing to barrier integrity and intestinal homeostasis. Following discussions on current open questions and challenges, we propose a model in which resolution of inflammation represents a key mechanism for the restoration of epithelial integrity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lester Thoo
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mario Noti
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Gastro-Intestinal Health, Immunology, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Krebs
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Zhang T, Hao H, Zhou XY. The role of lipoxin in regulating tumor immune microenvironments. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 144:106341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Downregulation of TNF- α/TNF-R1 Signals by AT-Lipoxin A4 May Be a Significant Mechanism of Attenuation in SAP-Associated Lung Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:9019404. [PMID: 31097921 PMCID: PMC6487108 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9019404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies verified the potent anti-inflammatory effects against severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) of AT-Lipoxin A4 and their analogues. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of AT-Lipoxin A4 on SAP-associated lung injury are not thoroughly known. We used western blot, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunofluorescence to investigate the downregulation of TNF-α signals in cellular and animal models of SAP-associated lung injury following AT-Lipoxin A4 intervention. In vitro, we found that AT-Lipoxin A4 markedly suppressed protein expression in TNF-α signals in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell, such as tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), TNF-R1-associated death domain (TRADD), receptor-interacting protein (RIP), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin. Moreover, AT-Lipoxin A4 inhibited downstream signals activated by TNF-α, including NF-κB/p65, JNK/MAPK, and ERK/MAPK. In vivo, AT-Lipoxin A4 significantly decreased pathological scores of the pancreas and lungs and the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. Immunofluorescence, western blotting, and real-time PCR assay showed that AT-Lipoxin A4 significantly attenuated the expression of TNF-R1, TRADD, TRAF2, and RIP in the lungs of SAP rats. In addition, the activation of NF-κB was also downregulated by AT-Lipoxin A4 administration as compared with SAP rats. AT-Lipoxin A4 could inhibit the production of proinflammatory mediators and activation of TNF-α downstream signals such as NF-κB and MAPK. Downregulation of TNF-α signals by AT-Lipoxin A4 may be a significant mechanism in the attenuation of SAP-associated lung injury.
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9
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Quiros M, Nusrat A. Saving Problematic Mucosae: SPMs in Intestinal Mucosal Inflammation and Repair. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:124-135. [PMID: 30642681 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa serves as a highly selective barrier that allows the absorption of nutrients and water while restricting microbiota access to tissues. This barrier is compromised in inflammatory conditions such as infectious colitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In response to mucosal injury, there is a temporal recruitment of leukocytes that crosstalk with epithelial cells to orchestrate repair. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) play an important role in the resolution of inflammation and epithelial repair. SPMs actively promote resolution of inflammation by contributing to the clearance of neutrophils, stimulating efferocytosis, and promoting epithelial repair. SPMs have potential to serve as targeted therapeutic agents to be used in adjuvant therapy to promote resolution of inflammation and epithelial repair in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Quiros
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Brennan EP, Mohan M, McClelland A, de Gaetano M, Tikellis C, Marai M, Crean D, Dai A, Beuscart O, Derouiche S, Gray SP, Pickering R, Tan SM, Godson-Treacy M, Sheehan S, Dowdall JF, Barry M, Belton O, Ali-Shah ST, Guiry PJ, Jandeleit-Dahm K, Cooper ME, Godson C, Kantharidis P. Lipoxins Protect Against Inflammation in Diabetes-Associated Atherosclerosis. Diabetes 2018; 67:2657-2667. [PMID: 30213823 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to the fact that defects in the resolution of inflammatory pathways predisposes individuals to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, including diabetic complications such as accelerated atherosclerosis. The resolution of inflammation is dynamically regulated by the production of endogenous modulators of inflammation, including lipoxin A4 (LXA4). Here, we explored the therapeutic potential of LXA4 and a synthetic LX analog (Benzo-LXA4) to modulate diabetic complications in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic ApoE-/- mouse and in human carotid plaque tissue ex vivo. The development of diabetes-induced aortic plaques and inflammatory responses of aortic tissue, including the expression of vcam-1, mcp-1, il-6, and il-1β, was significantly attenuated by both LXA4 and Benzo-LXA4 in diabetic ApoE-/- mice. Importantly, in mice with established atherosclerosis, treatment with LXs for a 6-week period, initiated 10 weeks after diabetes onset, led to a significant reduction in aortic arch plaque development (19.22 ± 2.01% [diabetic]; 12.67 ± 1.68% [diabetic + LXA4]; 13.19 ± 1.97% [diabetic + Benzo-LXA4]). Secretome profiling of human carotid plaque explants treated with LXs indicated changes to proinflammatory cytokine release, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. LXs also inhibited platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and transmigration and endothelial cell inflammation. These data suggest that LXs may have therapeutic potential in the context of diabetes-associated vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin P Brennan
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetes Complications, Diabetes Division, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Muthukumar Mohan
- JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetes Complications, Diabetes Division, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aaron McClelland
- JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetes Complications, Diabetes Division, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Monica de Gaetano
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christos Tikellis
- JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetes Complications, Diabetes Division, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mariam Marai
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel Crean
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aozhi Dai
- JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetes Complications, Diabetes Division, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ophelie Beuscart
- JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetes Complications, Diabetes Division, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sinda Derouiche
- JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetes Complications, Diabetes Division, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen P Gray
- JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetes Complications, Diabetes Division, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Raelene Pickering
- JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetes Complications, Diabetes Division, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sih Min Tan
- JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetes Complications, Diabetes Division, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Molly Godson-Treacy
- Department of Vascular Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Sheehan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph F Dowdall
- Department of Vascular Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Barry
- Department of Vascular Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orina Belton
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Syed Tasadaque Ali-Shah
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick J Guiry
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetes Complications, Diabetes Division, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark E Cooper
- JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetes Complications, Diabetes Division, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine Godson
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Phillip Kantharidis
- JDRF Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetes Complications, Diabetes Division, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Doyle R, Sadlier DM, Godson C. Pro-resolving lipid mediators: Agents of anti-ageing? Semin Immunol 2018; 40:36-48. [PMID: 30293857 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential response to injury and its timely and adequate resolution permits tissue repair and avoidance of chronic inflammation. Ageing is associated with increased inflammation, sub-optimal resolution and these act as drivers for a number of ageing-associated pathologies. We describe the role played by specialised proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) in the resolution of inflammation and how insufficient levels of these mediators, or compromised responsiveness may play a role in the pathogenesis of many ageing-associated pathologies, e.g. Alzheimer's Disease, atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes and kidney disease. Detailed examination of the resolution phase of inflammation highlights the potential to harness these lipid mediators and or mimetics of their bioactions, in particular, their synthetic analogues to promote effective resolution of inflammation, without compromising the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Doyle
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St., Inns Quay, Dublin 7, Ireland.
| | - Denise M Sadlier
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St., Inns Quay, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Catherine Godson
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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12
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Aspirin in the prevention of preeclampsia: the conundrum of how, who and when. J Hum Hypertens 2018; 33:1-9. [DOI: 10.1038/s41371-018-0113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Unraveling the Interaction of Aspirin, Ticagrelor, and Rosuvastatin on the Progression of Atherosclerosis and Inflammation in Diabetic Mice. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2018; 31:489-500. [PMID: 29185103 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-017-6763-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We explored the effects of rosuvastatin, aspirin, ticagrelor, and clopidogrel, alone or in combinations on the progression of atherosclerosis and inflammasome activation in diabetic mice. Statins and ticagrelor increase the production of 15-epi-lipoxin A4 via cyclooxygenase-2. Aspirin alone increases 15-epi-lipoxin A4, but when combined with statins, cyclooxygenase-2 is completely blocked. METHODS ApoE-/-/db+/db+ double-knockout mice received rosuvastatin (5 mg/kg/day), aspirin (25 mg/kg/day), ticagrelor (300 mg/kg/day), clopidogrel (75 mg/kg/day), or their combination for 14 weeks. Serum 15-epi-lipoxin A4 levels and aortic wall cholesterol content, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, and plaque area were assessed. RESULTS Aspirin, ticagrelor, and rosuvastatin increased 15-epi-lipoxin A4 levels. The combination of rosuvastatin + ticagrelor provided an additive effect. Aspirin attenuated the effect of both ticagrelor and rosuvastatin. Aspirin, ticagrelor, and rosuvastatin reduced the area of the atherosclerotic plaque. The combination of ticagrelor + rosuvastatin provided additive effects. There was a negative interaction when aspirin was combined with ticagrelor or rosuvastatin. Aspirin, ticagrelor, and rosuvastatin decreased serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels. There was no interaction between aspirin and ticagrelor or aspirin and rosuvastatin, whereas combining rosuvastatin and ticagrelor provided an additive effect. Aspirin, ticagrelor, and rosuvastatin all decreased TNF-α levels. Aspirin attenuated the effect of both ticagrelor and rosuvastatin, and there was no additive effect of combining ticagrelor + rosuvastatin. CONCLUSIONS We found an intricate interaction between aspirin, ticagrelor, and rosuvastatin, as aspirin reduced both ticagrelor and rosuvastatin ability to ameliorate inflammation and atherosclerosis. In contrast, we found additive effects when ticagrelor and rosuvastatin were combined.
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Wang RX, Colgan SP. Special pro-resolving mediator (SPM) actions in regulating gastro-intestinal inflammation and gut mucosal immune responses. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:93-101. [PMID: 28232096 PMCID: PMC5797700 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Surfaces covered by epithelial cells, termed mucosal surfaces, serve special functions as selectively permeable barriers that partition the host and the outside world. Given its close association to microbial antigens, the intestinal mucosa has evolved creative mechanisms to maintain homeostasis, to prevent excessive inflammatory responses, and to promote rapid and full inflammatory resolution. In recent years, an active role for the epithelium has been attributed to the local generation of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) in the maintenance of immunological homeostasis. In this brief review, we highlight evidence that the epithelium actively contributes to coordination and resolution of inflammation, principally through the generation of SPMs. These autacoids are derived from omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Acting through widely expressed G-protein coupled receptors, SPMs are implicated in the resolution of acute inflammation that manifests specific, epithelial-directed actions focused on mucosal-homeostasis, including regulation of leukocyte trafficking, the generation of antimicrobial peptides, the dampening of endotoxin signaling, and the attenuation of mucosal cytokine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth X Wang
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Moreno JJ. Eicosanoid receptors: Targets for the treatment of disrupted intestinal epithelial homeostasis. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 796:7-19. [PMID: 27940058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The importance of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways and the consequent eicosanoid synthesis in the physiology and pathophysiology of the intestinal epithelium is currently being established. Each eicosanoid (prostanoid, leukotriene, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid) preferentially recognizes one or more receptors coupled to one or more signal-transduction processes. This overview focuses on the role of eicosanoid receptors in the maintenance of intestinal epithelium physiology through the control of proliferation/differentiation/apoptosis processes. Furthermore, it is reported that the role of these receptors on the regulation of the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium have arisen through the regulation of absorption/secretion processes, tight-junction state and the control of the intestinal immune response. Also, this review considers the implication of AA cascade in the disruption of epithelial homeostasis during inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer as well as the therapeutic values and potential of the eicosanoid receptors as novel targets for the treatments of the pathologies above mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Moreno
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Avda. Prat de la Riba 171, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
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Romano M, Cianci E, Simiele F, Recchiuti A. Lipoxins and aspirin-triggered lipoxins in resolution of inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 760:49-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Gobbetti T, Ducheix S, le Faouder P, Perez T, Riols F, Boue J, Bertrand-Michel J, Dubourdeau M, Guillou H, Perretti M, Vergnolle N, Cenac N. Protective effects of n-6 fatty acids-enriched diet on intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion injury involve lipoxin A4 and its receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:910-23. [PMID: 25296998 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Long-term intake of dietary fatty acids is known to predispose to chronic inflammation, but their effects on acute intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the consequences of a diet rich in n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on intestinal I/R-induced damage. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were fed three different isocaloric diets: a balanced diet used as a control and two different PUFA-enriched diets, providing either high levels of n-3 or of n-6 PUFA. Intestinal injury was evaluated after intestinal I/R. PUFA metabolites were quantitated in intestinal tissues by LC-MS/MS. KEY RESULTS In control diet-fed mice, intestinal I/R caused inflammation and increased COX and lipoxygenase-derived metabolites compared with sham-operated animals. Lipoxin A4 (LxA4 ) was significantly and selectively increased after ischaemia. Animals fed a high n-3 diet did not display a different inflammatory profile following intestinal I/R compared with control diet-fed animals. In contrast, intestinal inflammation was decreased in the I/R group fed with high n-6 diet and level of LxA4 was increased post-ischaemia compared with control diet-fed mice. Blockade of the LxA4 receptor (Fpr2), prevented the anti-inflammatory effects associated with the n-6 rich diet. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study indicates that high levels of dietary n-6, but not n-3, PUFAs provides significant protection against intestinal I/R-induced damage and demonstrates that the endogenous production of LxA4 can be influenced by diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gobbetti
- Inserm, U1043, Toulouse, France; CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, France; Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; WHRI, Queen Mary University, London, UK
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Tibrewal S, Ivanir Y, Sarkar J, Nayeb-Hashemi N, Bouchard CS, Kim E, Jain S. Hyperosmolar stress induces neutrophil extracellular trap formation: implications for dry eye disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:7961-9. [PMID: 25406284 PMCID: PMC4263134 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-15332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if hyperosmolar stress can stimulate human neutrophils to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and to investigate potential strategies to reduce formation of NETs (NETosis) in a hyperosmolar environment. METHODS Neutrophils were isolated from peripheral venous blood of healthy subjects and incubated in iso-osmolar (280 mOsM) or hyperosmolar (420 mOsM) media for 4 hours. Neutrophil extracellular traps were quantified using a PicoGreen dye assay to measure extracellular DNA. Two known inhibitors of NETosis, staurosporine and anti-β2 integrin blocking antibody, and two proresolution formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) agonists, annexin/lipocortin-1 mimetic peptide and 15-epi-lipoxin A4, were evaluated as possible strategies to reduce hyperosmolarity-induced NETosis. RESULTS The amount of NETs induced by hyperosmolar medium (420 mOsM) increased linearly over time to 3.2 ± 0.3 times that induced by iso-osmolar medium at 4 hours (P < 0.05). NETosis increased exponentially with increasing osmolarity and was independent of the stimulus used to increase osmolarity. Upon neutrophil exposure to hyperosmolar stress, restoration of iso-osmolar conditions decreased NET formation by 52.7% ± 5% (P < 0.05) but did not completely abrogate it. Among the strategies tested to reduce NETosis in a hyperosmolar environment, annexin-1 peptide was the most efficacious. CONCLUSIONS Hyperosmolarity induces formation of NETs by neutrophils. This NETosis mechanism may explain the presence of excessive NETs on the ocular surface of patients with dry eye disease. Because they reduce hyperosmolarity-induced NETosis, FPR2 agonists may have therapeutic potential in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Tibrewal
- Corneal Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Yair Ivanir
- Corneal Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Joy Sarkar
- Corneal Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Neema Nayeb-Hashemi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States
| | - Charles S. Bouchard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States
| | - Eunjae Kim
- Corneal Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Sandeep Jain
- Corneal Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Kojima F, Kapoor M, Kawai S, Crofford LJ. New insights into eicosanoid biosynthetic pathways: implications for arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 2:277-91. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2.2.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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El-Agamy DS, Makled MN, Gamil NM. Protective effects of BML-111 against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice. J Physiol Biochem 2013; 70:141-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-013-0288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Harvey BS, Nicotra LL, Vu M, Smid SD. Cannabinoid CB2 receptor activation attenuates cytokine-evoked mucosal damage in a human colonic explant model without changing epithelial permeability. Cytokine 2013; 63:209-17. [PMID: 23706402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor activation is protective in animal colitis models. We sought to investigate if cannabinoids attenuated colitis-like tissue damage in human colonic specimens, with the hypothesis that cannabinoids would be protective in a cytokine-driven model of human colonic mucosal damage. Healthy human colonic mucosa was incubated with pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β to elicit colitis-like tissue damage. The cytokine-driven increase in scored crypt and mucosal damage and lymphocyte density was attenuated with concomitant hydrocortisone pretreatment. The cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) receptor-selective agonist JWH-015 significantly reduced colitis scores following cytokine incubation, as evidenced by a reduction in mucosal crypt and luminal epithelial damage and lymphocyte density in the lamina propria. The effect of JWH-015 was reversed in the presence of the CB2 receptor inverse agonist JTE-907. Anandamide was also protective in the cytokine-incubated explant colitis model in a manner reversible with JTE-907, while CB1 receptor agonism with ACEA was without effect. TNF-α and IL-1β together evoked an increase in paracellular epithelial permeability in Caco-2 cell monolayers over 48h of incubation. However, neither CB2 nor CB1 receptor activation altered the cytokine-evoked increase in permeability. These findings support a discrete role for CB2 receptors in the attenuation of detrimental pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated mucosal damage in the human colon without directly affecting mucosal epithelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Harvey
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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22
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Li Y, Ye D. Molecular biology for formyl peptide receptors in human diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 91:781-9. [PMID: 23404331 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leukocytes accumulate at sites of inflammation and immunological reaction in response to locally existing chemotactic mediators. The first chemotactic factors structurally defined were N-formyl peptides. Subsequently, numerous ligands were identified to activate formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) that belong to the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. FPRs interact with this menagerie of structurally diverse pro- and anti-inflammatory ligands to possess important regulatory effects in multiple diseases, including inflammation, amyloidosis, Alzheimer's disease, prion disease, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. How these receptors recognize diverse ligands and how they contribute to disease pathogenesis and host defense are basic questions currently under investigation that would open up new avenues for the future management of inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Börgeson E, Godson C. Resolution of inflammation: therapeutic potential of pro-resolving lipids in type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated renal complications. Front Immunol 2012; 3:318. [PMID: 23087692 PMCID: PMC3474937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated complications is increasingly recognized. The resolution of inflammation is actively regulated by endogenously produced lipid mediators such as lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins. Here we review the potential role of these lipid mediators in diabetes-associated pathologies, specifically focusing on adipose inflammation and diabetic kidney disease, i.e., diabetic nephropathy (DN). DN is one of the major complications of T2DM and we propose that pro-resolving lipid mediators may have therapeutic potential in this context. Adipose inflammation is also an important component of T2DM-associated insulin resistance and altered adipokine secretion. Promoting the resolution of adipose inflammation would therefore likely be a beneficial therapeutic approach in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Börgeson
- UCD Diabetes Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
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Vong L, Ferraz JGP, Dufton N, Panaccione R, Beck PL, Sherman PM, Perretti M, Wallace JL. Up-regulation of Annexin-A1 and lipoxin A(4) in individuals with ulcerative colitis may promote mucosal homeostasis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39244. [PMID: 22723974 PMCID: PMC3377644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the characteristics of an active episode of ulcerative colitis (UC) is the intense mucosal infiltration of leukocytes. The pro-resolution mediators Annexin-A1 (AnxA1) and lipoxin A4 (LXA4) exert counter-regulatory effects on leukocyte recruitment, however to date, the dual/cumulative effects of these formyl peptide receptor-2 (FPR2/ALX) agonists in the context of human intestinal diseases are unclear. To define the contribution of these mediators, we measured their expression in biopsies from individuals with UC. Methods Colonic mucosal biopsies were collected from two broad patient groups: healthy volunteers without (‘Ctrl’ n = 20) or with a prior history of UC (‘hx of UC’ n = 5); individuals with UC experiencing active disease (‘active’ n = 8), or in medically-induced remission (‘remission’ n = 16). We assessed the mucosal expression of LXA4, AnxA1, and the FPR2/ALX receptor in each patient group using a combination of fluorescence microscopy, biochemical and molecular analyses. Results Mucosal expression of LXA4 was elevated exclusively in biopsies from individuals in remission (3-fold, P<0.05 vs. Ctrl). Moreover, in this same group we observed an upregulation of AnxA1 protein expression (2.5-fold increase vs. Ctrl, P<.01), concurrent with an increased level of macrophage infiltration, and an elevation in FPR2/ALX mRNA (7-fold increase vs. Ctrl, P<.05). Importantly, AnxA1 expression was not limited to cells infiltrating the lamina propria but was also detected in epithelial cells lining the intestinal crypts. Conclusions Our results demonstrate a specific up-regulation of this pro-resolution circuit in individuals in remission from UC, and suggest a significant role for LXA4 and AnxA1 in promoting mucosal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Vong
- Hospital for Sick Children, Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Börgeson E, McGillicuddy FC, Harford KA, Corrigan N, Higgins DF, Maderna P, Roche HM, Godson C. Lipoxin A4 attenuates adipose inflammation. FASEB J 2012; 26:4287-94. [PMID: 22700871 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-208249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aging and adiposity are associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, which underlies the development of obesity-associated complications, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The mechanisms underlying adipose inflammation may include macrophage infiltration and activation, which, in turn, affect insulin sensitivity of adipocytes. There is a growing appreciation that specific lipid mediators (including lipoxins, resolvins, and protectins) can promote the resolution of inflammation. Here, we investigated the effect of lipoxin A4 (LXA4), the predominant endogenously generated lipoxin, on adipose tissue inflammation. Using adipose tissue explants from perigonadal depots of aging female C57BL/6J mice (Animalia, Chordata, Mus musculus) as a model of age-associated adipose inflammation, we report that LXA4 (1 nM) attenuates adipose inflammation, decreasing IL-6 and increasing IL-10 expression (P<0.05). The altered cytokine milieu correlated with increased GLUT-4 and IRS-1 expression, suggesting improved insulin sensitivity. Further investigations revealed the ability of LXA4 to rescue macrophage-induced desensitization to insulin-stimulated signaling and glucose uptake in cultured adipocytes, using vehicle-stimulated cells as controls. This was associated with preservation of Akt activation and reduced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α. We therefore propose that LXA4 may represent a potentially useful and novel therapeutic strategy to subvert adipose inflammation and insulin resistance, key components of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Börgeson
- UCD Diabetes Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Chinthamani S, Odusanwo O, Mondal N, Nelson J, Neelamegham S, Baker OJ. Lipoxin A4 inhibits immune cell binding to salivary epithelium and vascular endothelium. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 302:C968-78. [PMID: 22205391 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00259.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxins are formed by leukocytes during cell-cell interactions with epithelial or endothelial cells. Native lipoxin A(4) (LXA(4)) binds to the G protein-coupled lipoxin receptors formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2)/ALX and CysLT1. Furthermore, LXA(4) inhibits recruitment of neutrophils, by attenuating chemotaxis, adhesion, and transmigration across vascular endothelial cells. LXA(4) thus appears to serve as an endogenous "stop signal" for immune cell-mediated tissue injury (Serhan CN; Annu Rev Immunol 25: 101-137, 2007). The role of LXA(4) has not been addressed in salivary epithelium, and little is known about its effects on vascular endothelium. Here, we determined that interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) receptor activation in vascular endothelium and salivary epithelium upregulated the expression of adhesion molecules that facilitates the binding of immune cells. We hypothesize that the activation of the ALX/FPR2 and/or CysLT1 receptors by LXA(4) decreases this cytokine-mediated upregulation of cell adhesion molecules that enhance lymphocyte binding to both the vascular endothelium and salivary epithelium. In agreement with this hypothesis, we observed that nanomolar concentrations of LXA(4) blocked IL-1β- and TNF-α-mediated upregulation of E-selectin and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Binding of Jurkat cells to stimulated HUVECs was abrogated by LXA(4). Furthermore, LXA(4) preincubation with human submandibular gland cell line (HSG) also blocked TNF-α-mediated upregulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in these cells, and it reduced lymphocyte adhesion. These findings suggest that ALX/FPR2 and/or CysLT1 receptor activation in endothelial and epithelial cells blocks cytokine-induced adhesion molecule expression and consequent binding of lymphocytes, a critical event in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedevi Chinthamani
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 14214-3092, USA
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Hussain M, Javeed A, Ashraf M, Zhao Y, Mukhtar MM, Rehman MU. Aspirin and immune system. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 12:10-20. [PMID: 22172645 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The time-tested gradual exploration of aspirin's diverse pharmacological properties has made it the most reliable therapeutic agent worldwide. In addition to its well-argued anti-inflammatory effects, many new and exciting data have emerged regarding the role of aspirin in cells of the immune system and certain immunopathological states. For instance, aspirin induces tolerogenic activity in dendritic cells and determines the fate of naive T cells to regulatory phenotypes, which suggests its immunoregulatory potential in relevance to immune tolerance. It also displays some intriguing traits to modulate the innate and adaptive immune responses. In this article, the immunomodulatory relation of aspirin to different immune cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and the T and B lymphocytes has been highlighted. Moreover, the clinical prospects of aspirin in terms of autoimmunity, allograft rejection and immune tolerance have also been outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Elizondo G, Rodríguez-Sosa M, Estrada-Muñiz E, Gonzalez FJ, Vega L. Deletion of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor enhances the inflammatory response to Leishmania major infection. Int J Biol Sci 2011; 7:1220-9. [PMID: 22110376 PMCID: PMC3221360 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7.1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated receptor that mediates the toxicity of environmental pollutants, such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Recently, it has been shown that the AhR plays a role in immune and inflammatory regulation. However, most of these studies are based on the activation of AhR by exogenous ligands. Therefore, in the present study, we addressed the role of this transcription factor, in the absent of exogenous ligand, on the immune response to Leishmania major infection. Our results indicate that inactivation of the AhR results in an alteration of the levels of several cytokines. Lymph node cells from infected Ahr-null animals displayed an increase in IFNγ and IL-12 levels, together with a decrease in IL-4 and IL-10 levels compared to wild-type (wt) mice. Ahr-null mice also presented higher serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α prior to parasite inoculation and during infection compared to wt mice. Moreover, a 30% decrease in the population of Treg cells was observed in Ahr-null mice. This decrease was associated with a reduction in Foxp3 mRNA levels. Finally, the alteration in the cytokine profile results in a better resolution of the L. major infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Elizondo
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Biología Celular, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, C. P. 07360, México D. F., México
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Prieto P, Cuenca J, Través PG, Fernández-Velasco M, Martín-Sanz P, Boscá L. Lipoxin A4 impairment of apoptotic signaling in macrophages: implication of the PI3K/Akt and the ERK/Nrf-2 defense pathways. Cell Death Differ 2010; 17:1179-88. [PMID: 20094061 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoxin A(4) (LXA(4)) is an endogenous lipid mediator that requires transcellular metabolic traffic for its synthesis. The targets of LXA(4) on neutrophils are well described, contributing to attenuation of inflammation. However, effects of lipoxins on macrophage are less known, particularly the action of LXA(4) on the regulation of apoptosis of these cells. Our data show that pretreatment of human or murine macrophages with LXA(4) at the concentrations prevailing in the course of resolution of inflammation (nanomolar range) significantly inhibits the apoptosis induced by staurosporine, etoposide and S-nitrosoglutathione or by more pathophysiological stimuli, such as LPS/IFNgamma challenge. The release of mitochondrial mediators of apoptosis and the activation of caspases was abrogated in the presence of LXA(4). In addition to this, the synthesis of reactive oxygen species induced by staurosporine was attenuated and antiapoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family accumulated in the presence of lipoxin. Analysis of the targets of LXA(4) identified an early activation of the PI3K/Akt and ERK/Nrf-2 pathways, which was required for the observation of the antiapoptotic effects of LXA(4). These data suggest that the LXA(4), released after the recruitment of neutrophils to sites of inflammation, exerts a protective effect on macrophage viability that might contribute to a better resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Centro Mixto CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Dichotomy in duration and severity of acute inflammatory responses in humans arising from differentially expressed proresolution pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:8842-7. [PMID: 20421472 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1000373107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxins (Lxs) and aspirin-triggered epi-Lxs (15-epi-LxA(4)) act through the ALX/FPRL1 receptor to block leukocyte trafficking, dampen cytokine/chemokine synthesis, and enhance phagocytic clearance of apoptotic leukocytes-key requisites for inflammatory resolution. Although studies using primarily inbred rodents have highlighted resolution as an active event, little is known about the role resolution pathways play in controlling the duration/profile of inflammatory responses in humans. To examine this, we found two types of responders to cantharidin-induced skin blisters in male healthy volunteers: those with immediate leukocyte accumulation and cytokine/chemokine synthesis followed by early resolution and a second group whose inflammation increased gradually over time followed by delayed resolution. In early resolvers, blister 15-epi-LxA(4) and leukocyte ALX were low, but increased as inflammation abated. In contrast, in delayed resolvers, 15-epi-LxA(4) and ALX were high early in the response but waned as inflammation progressed. Elevating 15-epi-LxA(4) in early resolvers using aspirin increased blister leukocyte ALX but reduced cytokines/chemokines as well as polymorphonuclear leukocyte and macrophage numbers. These findings show that two phenotypes exist in humans with respect to inflammation severity/longevity controlled by proresolution mediators, namely 15-epi-LxA(4). These data have implications for understanding the etiology of chronic inflammation and future directions in antiinflammatory therapy.
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Ritchie SA, Ahiahonu PWK, Jayasinghe D, Heath D, Liu J, Lu Y, Jin W, Kavianpour A, Yamazaki Y, Khan AM, Hossain M, Su-Myat KK, Wood PL, Krenitsky K, Takemasa I, Miyake M, Sekimoto M, Monden M, Matsubara H, Nomura F, Goodenowe DB. Reduced levels of hydroxylated, polyunsaturated ultra long-chain fatty acids in the serum of colorectal cancer patients: implications for early screening and detection. BMC Med 2010; 8:13. [PMID: 20156336 PMCID: PMC2833138 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-8-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are currently no accurate serum markers for detecting early risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We therefore developed a non-targeted metabolomics technology to analyse the serum of pre-treatment CRC patients in order to discover putative metabolic markers associated with CRC. Using tandem-mass spectrometry (MS/MS) high throughput MS technology we evaluated the utility of selected markers and this technology for discriminating between CRC and healthy subjects. METHODS Biomarker discovery was performed using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). Comprehensive metabolic profiles of CRC patients and controls from three independent populations from different continents (USA and Japan; total n = 222) were obtained and the best inter-study biomarkers determined. The structural characterization of these and related markers was performed using liquid chromatography (LC) MS/MS and nuclear magnetic resonance technologies. Clinical utility evaluations were performed using a targeted high-throughput triple-quadrupole multiple reaction monitoring (TQ-MRM) method for three biomarkers in two further independent populations from the USA and Japan (total n = 220). RESULTS Comprehensive metabolomic analyses revealed significantly reduced levels of 28-36 carbon-containing hydroxylated polyunsaturated ultra long-chain fatty-acids in all three independent cohorts of CRC patient samples relative to controls. Structure elucidation studies on the C28 molecules revealed two families harbouring specifically two or three hydroxyl substitutions and varying degrees of unsaturation. The TQ-MRM method successfully validated the FTICR-MS results in two further independent studies. In total, biomarkers in five independent populations across two continental regions were evaluated (three populations by FTICR-MS and two by TQ-MRM). The resultant receiver-operator characteristic curve AUCs ranged from 0.85 to 0.98 (average = 0.91 +/- 0.04). CONCLUSIONS A novel comprehensive metabolomics technology was used to identify a systemic metabolic dysregulation comprising previously unknown hydroxylated polyunsaturated ultra-long chain fatty acid metabolites in CRC patients. These metabolites are easily measurable in serum and a decrease in their concentration appears to be highly sensitive and specific for the presence of CRC, regardless of ethnic or geographic background. The measurement of these metabolites may represent an additional tool for the early detection and screening of CRC.
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Forsman H, Dahlgren C. Lipoxin A4Metabolites/Analogues from Two Commercial Sources have No Effects on TNF-α-mediated Priming or Activation through the Neutrophil Formyl Peptide Receptors. Scand J Immunol 2009; 70:396-402. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2009.02311.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Ye RD, Boulay F, Wang JM, Dahlgren C, Gerard C, Parmentier M, Serhan CN, Murphy PM. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXIII. Nomenclature for the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) family. Pharmacol Rev 2009; 61:119-61. [PMID: 19498085 DOI: 10.1124/pr.109.001578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 600] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are a small group of seven-transmembrane domain, G protein-coupled receptors that are expressed mainly by mammalian phagocytic leukocytes and are known to be important in host defense and inflammation. The three human FPRs (FPR1, FPR2/ALX, and FPR3) share significant sequence homology and are encoded by clustered genes. Collectively, these receptors bind an extraordinarily numerous and structurally diverse group of agonistic ligands, including N-formyl and nonformyl peptides of different composition, that chemoattract and activate phagocytes. N-formyl peptides, which are encoded in nature only by bacterial and mitochondrial genes and result from obligatory initiation of bacterial and mitochondrial protein synthesis with N-formylmethionine, is the only ligand class common to all three human receptors. Surprisingly, the endogenous anti-inflammatory peptide annexin 1 and its N-terminal fragments also bind human FPR1 and FPR2/ALX, and the anti-inflammatory eicosanoid lipoxin A4 is an agonist at FPR2/ALX. In comparison, fewer agonists have been identified for FPR3, the third member in this receptor family. Structural and functional studies of the FPRs have produced important information for understanding the general pharmacological principles governing all leukocyte chemoattractant receptors. This article aims to provide an overview of the discovery and pharmacological characterization of FPRs, to introduce an International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR)-recommended nomenclature, and to discuss unmet challenges, including the mechanisms used by these receptors to bind diverse ligands and mediate different biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, M/C 868, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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Ereso AQ, Cureton EL, Cripps MW, Sadjadi J, Dua MM, Curran B, Victorino GP. Lipoxin a(4) attenuates microvascular fluid leak during inflammation. J Surg Res 2009; 156:183-8. [PMID: 19524267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The release of proinflammatory cytokines during inflammation disturbs the endothelial barrier and can initiate significant intravascular volume loss. Proinflammatory cytokines also induce the expression of anti-inflammatory mediators, such as lipoxin, which promote the resolution of inflammation. Our hypothesis is that lipoxin A(4) (LXA(4)) reverses the increased microvascular fluid leak observed during inflammatory conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microvascular fluid leak (L(p)) was measured in rat mesenteric venules using a micro-cannulation technique. L(p) was measured under the following conditions: (1) LXA(4) (100 nM) alone (n = 5), (2) LXA(4) (100 nM) administered after endothelial hyperpermeability induced by a continuous perfusion of 10 nM platelet activating factor (PAF) (n = 5), (3) LXA(4) (100 nM) perfused after inflammation induced by a systemic bolus of 10 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (n = 5), and (4) LXA(4) (100 nM) perfused after LPS-induced inflammation during inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (n = 4). RESULTS LXA(4) alone slightly increased L(p) from baseline (L(p)-baseline = 1.05 +/- 0.03, L(p)-LXA(4) = 1.55 +/- 0.04; P < 0.0001). PAF increased L(p) 4-fold (L(p)-baseline = 1.20 +/- 0.10, L(p)-PAF = 4.49 +/- 0.95; P < 0.0001). LXA(4) administration after PAF decreased L(p) 66% versus PAF alone (from 4.49 +/- 0.95 to 1.54 +/- 0.13; P = 0.0004). LPS-induced inflammation increased L(p) over 2-fold (L(p)-baseline = 1.05 +/- 0.03, L(p)-LPS = 2.27 +/- 0.13; P < 0.0001). LXA(4) administration after LPS decreased L(p) 42% versus LPS alone (from 2.27 +/- 0.13 to 1.31 +/- 0.05; P < 0.0001). The effect of c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibition during LPS-induced inflammation attenuated the decrease in leak cause by LXA(4) by 51% (P = 0.0002). CONCLUSION After either LPS or PAF, LXA(4) attenuated the intravascular volume loss caused by these inflammatory mediators. The activity of LXA(4) may be partly mediated by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway. These data support an anti-inflammatory role for LXA(4) and suggests a potential pharmacologic role for LXA(4) during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Q Ereso
- Department of Surgery, UCSF-East Bay, Alameda County Medical Center, Oakland, California 94602, USA
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O'Meara SJ, Rodgers K, Godson C. Lipoxins: update and impact of endogenous pro-resolution lipid mediators. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 160:47-70. [PMID: 18481030 DOI: 10.1007/112_2006_0606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxins (LXs) are endogenously produced eicosanoids that are typically generated by transcellular biosynthesis. These trihydroxytetraene-containing lipid mediators and their stable synthetic analogues possess a wide spectrum of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution bioactions both in vitro and in vivo. More recently, LXs have emerged as potential anti-fibrotic mediators that may influence pro-fibrotic cytokines and matrix-associated gene expression in response to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Here we review the biosynthesis, metabolism and bioactions of LXs and LX analogues and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J O'Meara
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and UCB Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Medeiros R, Rodrigues GB, Figueiredo CP, Rodrigues EB, Grumman A, Menezes-de-Lima O, Passos GF, Calixto JB. Molecular Mechanisms of Topical Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lipoxin A4in Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 74:154-61. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.108.046870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Design and synthesis of benzo-lipoxin A4 analogs with enhanced stability and potent anti-inflammatory properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1382-7. [PMID: 18249111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 12/31/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A new class of chemically and metabolically stable lipoxin analogs featuring a replacement of the tetraene unit of native LXA(4) with a substituted benzo-fused ring system have been designed and studied. These molecules were readily synthesized via a convergent synthetic route involving iterative palladium-mediated cross-coupling, and exhibit enhanced chemical stability, as well as resistance to metabolic inactivation via eicosanoid oxido-reductase. These new LX analogs were evaluated in a model of acute inflammation and were shown to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory properties, significantly decreasing neutrophil infiltration in vivo. The most potent among these was compound 9 (o-[9,12]-benzo-15-epi-LXA(4) methyl ester. Taken together, these findings help identify a new class of stable and easily prepared LX analogs that may serve as novel tools and as promising leads for new anti-inflammatory agents with improved therapeutic profile.
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Zhang L, Wan J, Li H, Wu P, Jin S, Zhou X, Yuan P, Xiong W, Li Y, Ye D. Protective effects of BML-111, a lipoxin A(4) receptor agonist, on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. Hepatol Res 2007; 37:948-56. [PMID: 17610505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2007.00154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoxins (LX) are trihydroxytetraene-containing eicosanoids that display unique anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving actions during various inflammatory conditions, but the pathophysiological significance of LX in liver disorders remains unknown. METHODS In the present study, we used a murine model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced acute liver injury to investigate the effects of LX on the progression of acute liver injury. RESULTS The results indicated that the lipoxin A(4) receptor (ALX) was upregulated after giving CCl(4). BML-111, a commercially available ALX agonist, effectively protected the liver from CCl(4)-induced injury as evidenced by decreased serum aminotransferase (ALT, AST) levels and improved histological damage. The dampened liver injury was accompanied byreduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in liver homogenates and decreased concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the serum. Most interestingly, BML-111 markedly upregulated hepatic heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in CCl(4)-treated mice, which might provide antioxidative activities in the liver. CONCLUSION These data indicate that ALX agonist BML-111 plays a critical protective role in CCl(4)-induced acute liver injury through limiting the inflammatory response and promoting antioxidative protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Bonnans C, Gras D, Chavis C, Mainprice B, Vachier I, Godard P, Chanez P. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory effect of lipoxins in human airway epithelial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2007; 61:261-7. [PMID: 17418999 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2007.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the synthesis of lipoxins (LXs) and their anti-inflammatory effects in different human airway epithelial cell culture models. After cell incubation with exogenous 5(S),6(R)-dihydroxy-7,9-trans-11,14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid, LXA(4) was detected in supernatants of differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells by contrast to non-differentiated cells. Exogenous LXA(4) significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) release in the different epithelial cell types and the potency of inhibition was dependent of the accessibility of the specific LXA(4) receptor, formyl-peptide receptor like-1 (FPRL-1) expressed by all these cells. Immunohistochemistry analysis on human bronchial biopsies showed a high expression of FPRL-1 in the epithelium. Finally, an FPRL-1 receptor antagonist, boc-2 peptide reversed LXA(4) effect on IL-8 generation. Together, these findings indicate that differentiated human bronchial epithelium synthesizes LX in vivo which could have autocrine actions through its specific receptor FPRL-1 to promote resolution of airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bonnans
- Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires, INSERM U454-IFR 3, CHU-Montpellier, France
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Wu SH, Wu XH, Lu C, Dong L, Zhou GP, Chen ZQ. Lipoxin A4 inhibits connective tissue growth factor-induced production of chemokines in rat mesangial cells. Kidney Int 2006; 69:248-56. [PMID: 16408113 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is involved in mitogenesis, matrix production, and chemotaxis in mesenchymal cells. The effects of CTGF on the production of chemokines remain unclear. The present studies investigate the regulatory role of CTGF in the production of fractalkine, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) in cultured mesangial cells of rats, and the modulatory effects of lipoxin A(4) (LXA(4)) on actions of CTGF. CTGF enhanced the mRNA expression and protein release of fractalkine, MCP-1, and RANTES, the expression of phospho (P)-p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), P-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K), P-Akt, and activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in mesangial cells. P-p42/44 MAPK blockade inhibited the CTGF-induced expression of P-p42/44 MAPK but not NF-kappaB, and partially decreased the levels of the above chemokines in supernatants. P-PI3-K blockade downregulated the CTGF-stimulated expression of P-PI3-K, P-Akt, and NF-kappaB but not P-p42/44 MAPK, and partially decreased the release of the above chemokines. NF-kappaB blockade abrogated the CTGF-activated NF-kappaB and partially decreased the secretion of the above chemokines. LXA(4) dose-dependently inhibited the CTGF-stimulated mRNA expression and protein release of the above chemokines, and the expression of P-p42/44MAPK, P-PI3-K, P-Akt, and NF-kappaB. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that CTGF induces production of fractalkine, MCP-1, and RANTES via the p42/44 MAPK-, PI3-K/Akt-, and NF-kappaB-dependent signal pathway, and LXA(4) downregulates the above effects of CTGF on rat mesangial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Petasis NA, Akritopoulou-Zanze I, Fokin VV, Bernasconi G, Keledjian R, Yang R, Uddin J, Nagulapalli KC, Serhan CN. Design, synthesis and bioactions of novel stable mimetics of lipoxins and aspirin-triggered lipoxins. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2005; 73:301-21. [PMID: 16098719 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2005.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The lipoxins (LX) are a class of potent endogenous oxygenated products that are enzymatically generated from arachidonic acid and have novel anti-inflammatory properties and promote resolution. Elucidation of the biochemical pathways involved in the metabolic inactivation of LX and the discovery of the aspirin-triggered lipoxins (ATL) provided the basis for the design and synthesis of stable analogs of LX and ATL. This special issue review describes the efforts that led to the design and synthesis of stable LX/ATL mimetics, which permitted the detailed elucidation of their novel biological roles, leading to the development of new anti-inflammatory agents that mimic their actions. These synthetic molecules provided the means to uncover the physiologic roles of both the LX and the ATL biosynthetic pathways which led to several unexpected discoveries. Among these findings is the involvement of polyisoprenyl phosphates (PIPP) in intracellular signaling mediated by presqualene diphosphate (PSDP), and the recognition of the novel roles of these lipid mediators in regulating cell trafficking during inflammation as well as in promoting resolution of inflammatory processes. These efforts also provided the basis for examining the potential therapeutic role of LX/ATL stable mimetics and led to the development of new analogs with improved pharmacokinetics that opened the way to potentially new approaches to treating human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicos A Petasis
- Department of Chemistry and the Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Abstract
Eicosanoids play a key role in the initiation, progression and resolution of the inflammatory response. Although most current anti-inflammatory strategies are focused on the pharmacological inhibition of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, mounting evidence indicates the existence of potent endogenous eicosanoids able to control inflammation and orchestrate its resolution. The first eicosanoids recognized as anti-inflammatory compounds generated by our own organism were the lipoxins (LXs). More recently, a new series of carbon-15 epimers of LXs, with anti-inflammatory properties similar to those of native LXs, was identified during aspirin treatment. Since their formation is specific to this venerable non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the term aspirin-triggered LXs (ATLs) was coined for these compounds. This chapter deals with the biosynthesis of LXs and ATLs in the liver, the largest solid organ/gland in the body, and discusses the most relevant actions of these lipid mediators in the context of liver inflammation and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Clària
- DNA Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
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Abstract
Dysregulated neutrophilic inflammation and chronic infection lead to progressive destruction of the airways in cystic fibrosis (CF). Despite considerable recent progress in therapy, the median survival of patients with CF remains around 30 years. The lipoxins are endogenous anti-inflammatory lipid mediators that are important regulators of neutrophilic inflammation. Recent data indicate that there is a pathophysiologically important defect in lipoxin-mediated anti-inflammatory activity in the CF airway, suggesting novel approaches to pathogenesis and therapy in this lethal genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Karp
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45208, USA.
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Wu SH, Lu C, Dong L, Zhou GP, He ZG, Chen ZQ. Lipoxin A4 inhibits TNF-α-induced production of interleukins and proliferation of rat mesangial cells. Kidney Int 2005; 68:35-46. [PMID: 15954894 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that lipoxin A(4) (LXA(4)) and its analogues inhibited proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells induced by leukotriene D(4) (LTD(4)) or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 in renal tissue of ischemic injury. In the present studies, we examine whether LXA(4) have inhibitory effects on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced productions of IL-1beta and IL-6 and proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells of rat, and explore the molecular mechanisms of signal pathway of LXA(4). METHODS Cultured glomerular mesangial cells were treated with TNF-alpha (10 ng/mL), with or without preincubation with LXA(4) at the different concentrations. Cell proliferation was assessed by [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation. Proteins of IL-1beta and IL-6 in supernatant were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expressions of mRNA of IL-1beta and IL-6 were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cyclin E by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Proteins of cyclin E, threonine phosphorylated Akt(1) at 308 site (Thr(308)) and p27(kip1) were analyzed by Western blotting studies. Activities of signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (STAT(3)), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) were determined by electrophroretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Expression of Src homology (SH) 2-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-2) was assessed by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. RESULTS TNF-alpha-stimulated proliferation, release of proteins and expressions of mRNA of IL-1beta and IL-6 in mesangial cells were inhibited by LXA(4) in a dose-dependent manner. The marked increments in mRNA expression and protein synthesis of cyclin E induced by TNF-alpha in parallel with proliferation of mesangial cells were down-regulated by LXA(4). LXA(4) antagonized the phosphorylation of SHP-2 and activity of NF-kappaB induced by TNF-alpha. Pretreatment of the cells with NF-kappaB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithio-carbamate (PDTC) blocked the productions of IL-1beta, IL-6, and activation of NF-kappaB induced by TNF-alpha. Stimulation of mesangial cells with TNF-alpha resulted in enhanced DNA-binding activity of STAT(3). This increment was inhibited by LXA(4) in a dose-dependent manner. Threonine phosphorylated Akt(1) protein at 308 site stimulated by TNF-alpha was reduced by LXA(4.) TNF-alpha-induced decrement in expression of p27(kip1) protein was ameliorated by LXA(4) in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION TNF-alpha-induced proliferation and increment of cyclin E of rat mesangial cells can be inhibited by LXA(4), and these inhibitory effects might be through the mechanisms of STAT(3) and Akt(1)/p27(kip1) pathway-dependent signal transduction. LXA(4) also antagonized TNF-alpha-stimulated IL-1beta and IL-6 synthesis, and these antagonisms were related to SHP-2 and NF-kappaB pathway-dependent signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hua Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Kimball ES, Wallace NH, Schneider CR, D'Andrea MR, Hornby PJ. Vanilloid receptor 1 antagonists attenuate disease severity in dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2004; 16:811-8. [PMID: 15601431 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2004.00549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenic mechanisms have been implicated in the induction of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Vanilloid receptor type 1 (TRPV1) has been visualized on nerve terminals of intrinsic and extrinsic afferent neurones innervating the gastrointestinal tract and local administration of a TRPV1 antagonist, capsazepine, reduces the severity of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats (Gut 2003; 52: 713-9(1)). Our aim was to test whether systemically or orally administered TRPV1 antagonists attenuate experimental colitis induced by 5% DSS in Balb/c mice. Intraperitoneal capsazepine (2.5 mg kg(-1), bid), significantly reduced the overall macroscopic damage severity compared with vehicle-treated animals (80% inhibition, P < 0.05); however, there was no effect on myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels. An experimental TRPV1 antagonist given orally was tested against DSS-induced colitis, and shown to reverse the macroscopic damage score at doses of 0.5 and 5.0 mg kg(-1). Epithelial damage assessed microscopically was significantly reduced. MPO levels were attenuated by approximately 50%, and diarrhoea scores were reduced by as much as 70%. These results suggest that pharmacological modulation of TRPV1 attenuates indices of experimental colitis in mice, and that development of orally active TRPV1 antagonists might have therapeutic potential for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Kimball
- Drug Discovery Division, Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, PA 19477, USA.
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Bonnans C, Chanez P, Chavis C. Lipoxins in asthma: potential therapeutic mediators on bronchial inflammation? Allergy 2004; 59:1027-41. [PMID: 15355460 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid metabolism represents an important source of mediators with ambivalent actions. Among these, lipoxins (LXs) are the first agents identified and recognized as anti-inflammatory endogenous lipid mediators, which are involved in the resolution of inflammation and are present in the airways of asthmatic patients. Lipoxins result mainly from the interaction between 5 and 15-lipoxygenases (LO) and their levels are modulated by the degree of bronchial inflammation as well as by the long-term glucocorticoid treatments. In the airways, LX synthesis is higher in mild asthmatics than in severe asthmatics, whereas in vitro chemokine release inhibition by LXs is more effective in cells from severe asthmatics than from mild asthmatics. LipoxinA(4) effects on interleukin (IL)-8 released by blood mononuclear cells and on calcium influx in epithelial cells are mediated by the specific receptor ALX. Lipoxin generation by lung epithelial cells depends mainly on 15-LO activity. Mild asthmatics present higher 15-LOb expression at the epithelium level than severe patients, whereas the LX deficit in severe asthma is associated with an up-regulation of the 15-LOa expressions. Therefore, bronchial epithelial cells become a target for therapeutic intervention and LXs represent a potential therapeutic solution for bronchial inflammation resolution in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bonnans
- Inserm U454-IFR 3, Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires, CHU de Montpellier, France
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Collin M, Rossi A, Cuzzocrea S, Patel NSA, Di Paola R, Hadley J, Collino M, Sautebin L, Thiemermann C. Reduction of the multiple organ injury and dysfunction caused by endotoxemia in 5-lipoxygenase knockout mice and by the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton. J Leukoc Biol 2004; 76:961-70. [PMID: 15328337 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0604338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) in the pathophysiology of the organ injury/dysfunction caused by endotoxin is not known. Here, we investigate the effects of treatment with 5-LOX inhibitor zileuton in rats and targeted disruption of the 5-LOX gene in mice (5-LOX(-/-)) on multiple organ injury/dysfunction caused by severe endotoxemia. We also investigate the expression of beta2-integrins CD11a/CD18 and CD11b/CD18 on rat leukocytes by flow cytometry. Zileuton [3 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.)] or vehicle (10% dimethyl sulfoxide) was administered to rats 15 min prior to lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Escherichia coli, 6 mg/kg i.v.) or vehicle (saline). 5-LOX(-/-) mice and wild-type littermate controls were treated with LPS (E. coli, 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or vehicle (saline). Endotoxemia for 6 h in rats or 16 h in mice resulted in liver injury/dysfunction (increase in the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin), renal dysfunction (creatinine), and pancreatic injury (lipase, amylase). Absence of functional 5-LOX (zileuton treatment or targeted disruption of the 5-LOX gene) reduced the multiple organ injury/dysfunction caused by endotoxemia. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration (myeloperoxidase activity) in the lung and ileum as well as pulmonary injury (histology) were markedly reduced in 5-LOX(-/-) mice. Zileuton also reduced the LPS-induced expression of CD11b/CD18 on rat leukocytes. We propose that endogenous 5-LOX metabolites enhance the degree of multiple organ injury/dysfunction caused by severe endotoxemia by promoting the expression of the adhesion molecule CD11b/CD18 and that inhibitors of 5-LOX may be useful in the therapy of the organ injury/dysfunction associated with endotoxic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Collin
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Nephrology and Critical Care, The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, UK
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Patel NSA, Cuzzocrea S, Chatterjee PK, Di Paola R, Sautebin L, Britti D, Thiemermann C. Reduction of Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in 5-Lipoxygenase Knockout Mice and by the 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor Zileuton. Mol Pharmacol 2004; 66:220-7. [PMID: 15266012 DOI: 10.1124/mol.66.2.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) in the pathophysiology of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is not known. Here we investigate the effects of 1) the 5-LOX inhibitor zileuton and 2) 5-LOX gene knockout (5-LOX(-/-)) mice on renal dysfunction and injury caused by I/R of the kidney in mice. Wild-type mice treated with zileuton (3 mg/kg i.v.) or 5-LOX(-/-) mice were subjected to bilateral renal artery occlusion (30 min) followed by reperfusion (24 h). Plasma urea, creatinine, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured as markers of renal dysfunction and reperfusion injury. Kidneys were used for histological evaluation of renal injury. Renal myeloperoxidase activity was measured and used as an indicator of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration and renal expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was determined using immunohistochemistry. Administration of zileuton before I/R significantly reduced the degree of renal dysfunction (urea, creatinine) and injury (AST, histology). In addition, zileuton reduced the expression of ICAM-1 and the associated PMN infiltration caused by I/R of the mouse kidney. Compared with wild-type mice, the degree of renal dysfunction, injury, and inflammation caused by I/R in 5-LOX(-/-) mice was also significantly reduced, confirming the pathophysiological role of 5-LOX in the development of renal I/R injury. We propose that 1) endogenous 5-LOX metabolites enhance the degree of renal injury, dysfunction, and inflammation caused by I/R of the kidney by promoting the expression of adhesion molecules, and 2) inhibitors of 5-LOX may be useful in the treatment of conditions associated with I/R of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimesh S A Patel
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Nephrology & Critical Care, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary - University of London, United Kingdom
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Kieran NE, Maderna P, Godson C. Lipoxins: Potential anti-inflammatory, proresolution, and antifibrotic mediators in renal disease. Kidney Int 2004; 65:1145-54. [PMID: 15086453 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00487.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipoxins are lipoxygenase-derived lipid mediators with both anti-inflammatory and proresolution properties that have been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. The bioactivity profile of lipoxins in vitro suggests that they have therapeutic potential in acute renal failure and glomerulonephritis; predictions that have been borne out to date in experimental models of renal disease. We review recent developments on the molecular basis of lipoxin bioactions mediated through receptor crosstalk and the accumulating evidence that lipoxins may have potential as novel anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh E Kieran
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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McMahon B, Godson C. Lipoxins: endogenous regulators of inflammation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004; 286:F189-201. [PMID: 14707005 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00224.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, compelling in vivo and in vitro studies have highlighted lipoxins (LXs) and aspirin-triggered LXs (ATLs) as endogenously produced anti-inflammatory eicosanoids. LXs and ATLs elicit distinct anti-inflammatory and proresolution bioactions that include inhibition of leukocyte-mediated injury, stimulation of macrophage clearance of apoptotic neutrophils, repression of proinflammatory cytokine production, modulation of cytokine-stimulated metalloproteinase activity, and inhibition of cell proliferation and migration. An overview of recent advances in LX physiology is provided, with particular emphasis on the cellular and molecular processes involved. These data coupled with in vivo models of inflammatory diseases suggest that LX bioactions may be amenable to pharmacological mimicry for therapeutic gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaithin McMahon
- Centre for Molecular Inflammation and Vascular research, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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