1
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Feng Y, Huang C, Wang Y, Chen J. SIRPα: A key player in innate immunity. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350375. [PMID: 37672390 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) is a crucial inhibitory regulator expressed on the surface of myeloid cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, monocytes, neutrophils, and microglia. SIRPα plays an indispensable role in innate immune and adoptive immune responses in cancer immunology, tissue homeostasis, and other physiological or phycological conditions. This review provides an overview of the research history, ligands, signal transduction pathways, and functional mechanisms associated with SIRPα. Additionally, we summarize the therapeutic implications of targeting SIRPα as a promising novel strategy in immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyi Feng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunliu Huang
- Molecular Imaging Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yingzhao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
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2
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Emerging phagocytosis checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:104. [PMID: 36882399 PMCID: PMC9990587 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, mainly including immune checkpoints-targeted therapy and the adoptive transfer of engineered immune cells, has revolutionized the oncology landscape as it utilizes patients' own immune systems in combating the cancer cells. Cancer cells escape immune surveillance by hijacking the corresponding inhibitory pathways via overexpressing checkpoint genes. Phagocytosis checkpoints, such as CD47, CD24, MHC-I, PD-L1, STC-1 and GD2, have emerged as essential checkpoints for cancer immunotherapy by functioning as "don't eat me" signals or interacting with "eat me" signals to suppress immune responses. Phagocytosis checkpoints link innate immunity and adaptive immunity in cancer immunotherapy. Genetic ablation of these phagocytosis checkpoints, as well as blockade of their signaling pathways, robustly augments phagocytosis and reduces tumor size. Among all phagocytosis checkpoints, CD47 is the most thoroughly studied and has emerged as a rising star among targets for cancer treatment. CD47-targeting antibodies and inhibitors have been investigated in various preclinical and clinical trials. However, anemia and thrombocytopenia appear to be formidable challenges since CD47 is ubiquitously expressed on erythrocytes. Here, we review the reported phagocytosis checkpoints by discussing their mechanisms and functions in cancer immunotherapy, highlight clinical progress in targeting these checkpoints and discuss challenges and potential solutions to smooth the way for combination immunotherapeutic strategies that involve both innate and adaptive immune responses.
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3
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Bian HT, Shen YW, Zhou YD, Nagle DG, Guan YY, Zhang WD, Luan X. CD47: Beyond an immune checkpoint in cancer treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188771. [PMID: 35931392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane protein, CD47, is recognized as an important innate immune checkpoint, and CD47-targeted drugs have been in development with the aim of inhibiting the interaction between CD47 and the regulatory glycoprotein SIRPα, for antitumor immunotherapy. Further, CD47 mediates other essential functions such as cell proliferation, caspase-independent cell death (CICD), angiogenesis and other integrin-activation-dependent cell phenotypic responses when bound to thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) or other ligands. Mounting strategies that target CD47 have been developed in pre-clinical and clinical trials, including antibodies, small molecules, siRNAs, and peptides, and some of them have shown great promise in cancer treatment. Herein, the authors endeavor to provide a retrospective of ligand-mediated CD47 regulatory mechanisms, their roles in controlling antitumor intercellular and intracellular signal transduction, and an overview of CD47-targetd drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ting Bian
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi-Wen Shen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Dong Zhou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Liberal Arts, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677-1848, USA
| | - Dale G Nagle
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of BioMolecular Sciences and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Ying-Yun Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xin Luan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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4
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Alausa A, Lawal KA, Babatunde OA, Obiwulu ENO, Oladokun OC, Fadahunsi OS, Celestine UO, Moses EU, Rejoice AI, Adegbola PI. Overcoming Immunotherapeutic Resistance in PDAC: SIRPα-CD47 blockade. Pharmacol Res 2022; 181:106264. [PMID: 35597384 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A daily increase in the number of new cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains an issue of contention in cancer research. The data revealed that a global cumulated case of about 500, 000 have been reported. This has made PDAC the fourteenth most occurring tumor case in cancer research. Furthermore, PDAC is responsible for about 466,003 deaths annually, representing the seventh prevalent type of cancer mortality. PDAC has no salient symptoms in its early stages. This has exasperated several attempts to produce a perfect therapeutic agent against PDAC. Recently, immunotherapeutic research has shifted focus to the blockade of checkpoint proteins in the management and of some cancers. Investigations have centrally focused on developing therapeutic agents that could at least to a significant extent block the SIRPα-CD47 signaling cascade (a cascade which prevent phagocytosis of tumors by dendritic cells, via the deactivation of innate immunity and subsequently resulting in tumor regression) with minimal side effects. The concept on the blockade of this interaction as a possible mechanism for inhibiting the progression of PDAC is currently being debated. This review examined the structure--function activity of SIRPα-CD47 interaction while discussing in detail the mechanism of tumor resistance in PDAC. Further, this review details how the blockade of SIRPα-CD47 interaction serve as a therapeutic option in the management of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi Alausa
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo state.
| | - Khadijat Ayodeji Lawal
- Heamtalogy and Blood Transfusion Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | | | - E N O Obiwulu
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Delta, Agbor, Delta State
| | | | | | - Ugwu Obiora Celestine
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Enugu State University of Science and Technology
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5
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Ren B, Xia H, Liao Y, Zhou H, Wang Z, Shi Y, Zhu M. Endothelial SIRPα signaling controls VE-cadherin endocytosis for thymic homing of progenitor cells. eLife 2022; 11:69219. [PMID: 35511221 PMCID: PMC9071265 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic homing of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) is tightly regulated for proper T cell development. Previously we have identified a subset of specialized thymic portal endothelial cells (TPECs), which is important for thymic HPC homing. However, the underlying molecular mechanism still remains unknown. Here, we found that signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) is preferentially expressed on TPECs. Disruption of CD47-SIRPα signaling in mice resulted in reduced number of thymic early T cell progenitors (ETPs), impaired thymic HPC homing, and altered early development of thymocytes. Mechanistically, Sirpa-deficient ECs and Cd47-deficient bone marrow progenitor cells or T lymphocytes demonstrated impaired transendothelial migration (TEM). Specifically, SIRPα intracellular ITIM motif-initiated downstream signaling in ECs was found to be required for TEM in an SHP2- and Src-dependent manner. Furthermore, CD47 signaling from migrating cells and SIRPα intracellular signaling were found to be required for VE-cadherin endocytosis in ECs. Thus, our study reveals a novel role of endothelial SIRPα signaling for thymic HPC homing for T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yijun Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongnan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyao Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Gheibihayat SM, Cabezas R, Nikiforov NG, Jamialahmadi T, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. CD47 in the Brain and Neurodegeneration: An Update on the Role in Neuroinflammatory Pathways. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133943. [PMID: 34203368 PMCID: PMC8271744 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CD47 is a receptor belonging to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and broadly expressed on cell membranes. Through interactions with ligands such as SIRPα, TSP-1, integrins, and SH2-domain bearing protein tyrosine phosphatase substrate-1 (SHPS-1), CD47 regulates numerous functions like cell adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, homeostasis, and the immune system. In this aspect, previous research has shown that CD47 modulates phagocytosis via macrophages, the transmigration of neutrophils, and the activation of T-cells, dendritic cells, and B-cells. Moreover, several studies have reported the increased expression of the CD47 receptor in a variety of diseases, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), multiple myeloma (MM), bladder cancer, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), Gaucher disease, Multiple Sclerosis and stroke among others. The ubiquitous expression of the CD47 cell receptor on most resident cells of the CNS has previously been established through different methodologies. However, there is little information concerning its precise functions in the development of different neurodegenerative pathologies in the CNS. Consequently, further research pertaining to the specific functions and roles of CD47 and SIRP is required prior to its exploitation as a druggable approach for the targeting of various neurodegenerative diseases that affect the human population. The present review attempts to summarize the role of both CD47 and SIRP and their therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8916188635, Iran;
| | - Ricardo Cabezas
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá 111511, Colombia;
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan 19395/1495, Iran;
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran
| | - Thomas P. Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64131, USA;
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6907, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13944-91388, Iran
- Correspondence: or
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7
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Kelley SM, Ravichandran KS. Putting the brakes on phagocytosis: "don't-eat-me" signaling in physiology and disease. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52564. [PMID: 34041845 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Timely removal of dying or pathogenic cells by phagocytes is essential to maintaining host homeostasis. Phagocytes execute the clearance process with high fidelity while sparing healthy neighboring cells, and this process is at least partially regulated by the balance of "eat-me" and "don't-eat-me" signals expressed on the surface of host cells. Upon contact, eat-me signals activate "pro-phagocytic" receptors expressed on the phagocyte membrane and signal to promote phagocytosis. Conversely, don't-eat-me signals engage "anti-phagocytic" receptors to suppress phagocytosis. We review the current knowledge of don't-eat-me signaling in normal physiology and disease contexts where aberrant don't-eat-me signaling contributes to pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Kelley
- Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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8
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Okunuki Y, Tabor SJ, Lee MY, Connor KM. CD47 Deficiency Ameliorates Ocular Autoimmune Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680568. [PMID: 34093583 PMCID: PMC8174453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune uveitis is a sight-threatening ocular inflammatory condition in which the retina and uveal tissues become a target of autoreactive immune cells. The CD47 is a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane protein which plays multiple roles in fundamental cellular functions including phagocytosis, proliferation, and adhesion. Signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), one of the CD47 ligands, is predominantly expressed in myeloid lineage cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) or macrophages, and CD47-SIRPα signaling pathway is implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases. Our current study demonstrates how CD47 depletion is effective in the prevention of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), an animal model of human autoimmune uveitis, in animals deficient of CD47 (CD47-/- ). Systemic suppression of SIRPα+ DCs in animals deficient in CD47 resulted in the inability of autoreactive CD4+ T cells to develop, which is crucial to induction of EAU. Of interest, retinal microglia, the resident immune cell of the retina, express SIRPα, however these cells were not operative in EAU suppression in response to CD47 depletion. These results identify CD47 as a significant regulator in the development of SIRPα+ DCs that is vital to disease induction in EAU.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kip M. Connor
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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9
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Mao XW, Nishiyama NC, Byrum SD, Stanbouly S, Jones T, Holley J, Sridharan V, Boerma M, Tackett AJ, Willey JS, Pecaut MJ, Delp MD. Spaceflight induces oxidative damage to blood-brain barrier integrity in a mouse model. FASEB J 2020; 34:15516-15530. [PMID: 32981077 PMCID: PMC8191453 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001754r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many factors contribute to the health risks encountered by astronauts on missions outside Earth's atmosphere. Spaceflight-induced potential adverse neurovascular damage and late neurodegeneration are a chief concern. The goal of the present study was to characterize the effects of spaceflight on oxidative damage in the mouse brain and its impact on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Ten-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were launched to the International Space Station (ISS) for 35 days as part of Space-X 12 mission. Ground control (GC) mice were maintained on Earth in flight hardware cages. Within 38 ± 4 hours after returning from the ISS, mice were euthanized and brain tissues were collected for analysis. Quantitative assessment of brain tissue demonstrated that spaceflight caused an up to 2.2-fold increase in apoptosis in the hippocampus compared to the control group. Immunohistochemical analysis of the mouse brain revealed an increased expression of aquaporin4 (AQP4) in the flight hippocampus compared to the controls. There was also a significant increase in the expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and a decrease in the expression of the BBB-related tight junction protein, Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). These results indicate a disturbance of BBB integrity. Quantitative proteomic analysis showed significant alterations in pathways responsible for neurovascular integrity, mitochondrial function, neuronal structure, protein/organelle transport, and metabolism in the brain after spaceflight. Changes in pathways associated with adhesion and molecular remodeling were also documented. These data indicate that long-term spaceflight may have pathological and functional consequences associated with neurovascular damage and late neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao W Mao
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Loma Linda University School of Medicine and Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Nina C Nishiyama
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Loma Linda University School of Medicine and Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie D Byrum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Seta Stanbouly
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Loma Linda University School of Medicine and Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Tamako Jones
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Loma Linda University School of Medicine and Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jacob Holley
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Loma Linda University School of Medicine and Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Marjan Boerma
- Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Alan J Tackett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael J Pecaut
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Loma Linda University School of Medicine and Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Michael D Delp
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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10
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Lu Q, Chen X, Wang S, Lu Y, Yang C, Jiang G. Potential New Cancer Immunotherapy: Anti-CD47-SIRPα Antibodies. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:9323-9331. [PMID: 33061420 PMCID: PMC7520119 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s249822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CD47 belongs to immunoglobulin superfamily and is widely expressed on the surface of cell membrane, while another transmembrane protein SIRPα is restricted to the surface of macrophages, dendritic cells, and nerve cells. As a cell surface receptor and ligand, respectively, CD47 and SIRPα interact to regulate cell migration and phagocytic activity, and maintain immune homeostasis. In recent years, studies have found that immunoglobulin superfamily CD47 is overexpressed widely across tumor types, and CD47 plays an important role in suppressing phagocytes activity through binding to the transmembrane protein SIRPα in phagocytic cells. Therefore, targeting CD47 may be a novel strategy for cancer immunotherapy, and a variety of anti-CD47 antibodies have appeared, such as humanized 5F9 antibody, B6H12 antibody, ZF1 antibody, and so on. This review mainly describes the research history of CD47-SIRPα and focuses on macrophage-mediated CD47-SIRPα immunotherapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quansheng Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an 223002, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, People's Republic of China
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11
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Nishimura T, Saito Y, Washio K, Komori S, Respatika D, Kotani T, Murata Y, Ohnishi H, Mizobuchi S, Matozaki T. SIRPα on CD11c + cells induces Th17 cell differentiation and subsequent inflammation in the CNS in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1560-1570. [PMID: 32438469 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) is expressed predominantly on type 2 conventional dendritic cells (cDC2s) and macrophages. We previously showed that mice systemically lacking SIRPα were resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Here, we showed that deletion of SIRPα in CD11c+ cells of mice (SirpaΔDC mice) also markedly ameliorated the development of EAE. The frequency of cDCs and migratory DCs (mDCs), as well as that of Th17 cells, were significantly reduced in draining lymph nodes of SirpaΔDC mice at the onset of EAE. In addition, we found the marked reduction in the number of Th17 cells and DCs in the CNS of SirpaΔDC mice at the peak of EAE. Whereas inducible systemic ablation of SIRPα before the induction of EAE prevented disease development, that after EAE onset did not ameliorate the clinical signs of disease. We also found that EAE development was partially attenuated in mice with CD11c+ cell-specific ablation of CD47, a ligand of SIRPα. Collectively, our results suggest that SIRPα expressed on CD11c+ cells, such as cDC2s and mDCs, is indispensable for the development of EAE, being required for the priming of self-reactive Th17 cells in the periphery as well as for the inflammation in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Nishimura
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Saito
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ken Washio
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satomi Komori
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Datu Respatika
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Reconstruction, Oculoplasty, and Oncology, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Takenori Kotani
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoji Murata
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohnishi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mizobuchi
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Surgery Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Matozaki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
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12
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Mishra A, Kataria I, Nair S. Pharmacokinetics and Systems Pharmacology of Anti-CD47 Macrophage Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Hu5F9-G4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1875692117666190820105134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Hu5F9-G4, a human immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) monoclonal antibody
(mAb) has recently been granted fast-track designation by the FDA for the treatment
of relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular
lymphoma. Hu5F9-G4 has the ability to block CD47-SIRPα signaling along with anti-
EGFR and anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint activity that is involved in a variety of cancers
like solid tumors, Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL), colorectal cancer (CRC), breast,
ovarian and bladder cancers, and hematological malignancies. Thus, Hu5F9-G4 is an important
biologic that has increasing clinical relevance in cancer care.
Methods:
We queried PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Scopus
databases with keywords pertaining to Hu5F9-G4. In addition, we have included the
Hu5F9-G4 data presented at the 60th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual
Meeting, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting and 23rd
Congress of the European Hematology Association (EHA).
Results:
We discuss the mechanistic basis and preclinical evidence for the anticancer activity
of Hu5F9-G4. Further, we delineate clinical studies, alone and in combination with
anti-CD20 mAb rituximab, anti-EGFR mAb cetuximab, PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors avelumab
and atezolizumab, and anti-HER2 mAb trastuzumab. Moreover, the potential adverse
effects, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of Hu5F9-G4 with emphasis on
the role of CD47-SIRPα signaling in phagocytosis are presented.
Conclusions:
Taken together, we review the pharmacokinetics and systems pharmacology
of Hu5F9-G4 which appears to hold great promise for the future of cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Mishra
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy &Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS University, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai – 400 056, India
| | - Ishant Kataria
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy &Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS University, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai – 400 056, India
| | - Sujit Nair
- SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai - 400 056, India
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13
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Zhang Q, Stachelek SJ, Inamdar VV, Alferiev I, Nagaswami C, Weisel JW, Hwang JH, Meyerhoff ME. Studies of combined NO-eluting/CD47-modified polyurethane surfaces for synergistic enhancement of biocompatibility. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 192:111060. [PMID: 32450498 PMCID: PMC7572543 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The blood compatibility of various intravascular (IV) devices (e.g., catheters, sensors, etc.) is compromised by activation of platelets that can cause thrombus formation and device failure. Such devices also carry a high risk of microbial infection. Recently, nitric oxide (NO) releasing polymers/devices have been proposed to reduce these clinical problems. CD47, a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane protein with proven anti-inflammation/anti-platelet properties when immobilized on polymeric surfaces, is a good candidate to complement NO release in both effectiveness and longevity. In this work, we successfully appended CD47 peptides (pepCD47) to the surface of biomedical grade polyurethane (PU) copolymers. SIRPα binding and THP-1 cell attachment experiments strongly suggested that the pepCD47 retains its biological properties when bound to PU films. In spite of the potentially high reactivity of NO toward various amino acid residues in CD47, the efficacy of surface-immobilized pepCD47 to prevent inflammatory cell attachment was not inhibited after being subjected to a high flux of NO for three days, demonstrating excellent compatibility of the two species. We further constructed a CD47 surface immobilized silicone tubing filled with NO releasing S-nitrosoglutathione/ascorbic acid (GSNO/AA) solution for synergistic biocompatibility evaluation. Via an ex vivo Chandler loop model, we demonstrate for the first time that NO release and CD47 modification could function synergistically at the blood/material interface and produce greatly enhanced anti-inflammatory/anti-platelet effects. This concept should be readily implementable to create a new generation of thromboresistant/antimicrobial implantable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States
| | - Stanley J Stachelek
- Division of Cardiology-Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Vaishali V Inamdar
- Division of Cardiology-Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Ivan Alferiev
- Division of Cardiology-Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States; Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Chandrasekaran Nagaswami
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - John W Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Jeong Hyun Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States
| | - Mark E Meyerhoff
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, United States
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14
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Li J, He J, Zhang X, Li J, Zhao P, Fei P. TSP1 ameliorates age-related macular degeneration by regulating the STAT3-iNOS signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2020; 388:111811. [PMID: 31899207 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration is a progressive ocular disease that is the leading cause of vision loss among elderly. AMD usually is divided into two types: wet and dry AMD, which is linked with inflammation. Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV) formation or wet AMD is also associated with oxidative stress. Previously, TSP1 has been shown to have a significant alleviating effect on CNV in TSP1 knockout (TSP1-/-) mice. However, the mechanism by which TSP1 ameliorates CNV remains unclear. Here we report that TSP1 reduces nitric oxide production to prevent cells from forming tubes formation and reduced the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and lipid peroxides (LPO) during oxidative stress. We measured RF/6A cell viability by CCK-8 assay and apoptosis by flow cytometry. RF/6A cell were transfected with TSP1 and STAT3 overexpression, and then the mRNA and protein levels of TSP1 and also the signal pathways were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Migration assays were performed using a transwell system. Co-Immunoprecipitation was used to analyze the binding relationship between CD47 and SHP-2. The results show that overexpression of TSP1 alleviated the damage of oxidative stress to RF/6A cells including increased cell activity and migration, decreased apoptosis and reduced migration compared to the control group. SHP-2 was activated by TSP1 through its receptor CD47 and STAT3 phosphorylation was reduced by activation of SHP-2, thereby blocking STAT3-iNOS pathway and reducing NO concentration in RF/6A cells ultimately protecting them from oxidative stress. Finally, the CNV mice model confirmed that TSP1 overexpression could protect the mice against CNV in vivo, modified the antioxidants levels and decreased the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 under laser irradiation. These results indicate a potential mechanism of TSP1 to slow down formation of CNV in wet AMD, which may bring hope for new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiaqi He
- Department of General Surgery, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201104, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiakai Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Peiquan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Ping Fei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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15
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Amon L, Lehmann CHK, Baranska A, Schoen J, Heger L, Dudziak D. Transcriptional control of dendritic cell development and functions. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 349:55-151. [PMID: 31759434 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are major regulators of adaptive immunity, as they are not only capable to induce efficient immune responses, but are also crucial to maintain peripheral tolerance and thereby inhibit autoimmune reactions. DCs bridge the innate and the adaptive immune system by presenting peptides of self and foreign antigens as peptide MHC complexes to T cells. These properties render DCs as interesting target cells for immunomodulatory therapies in cancer, but also autoimmune diseases. Several subsets of DCs with special properties and functions have been described. Recent achievements in understanding transcriptional programs on single cell level, together with the generation of new murine models targeting specific DC subsets, advanced our current understanding of DC development and function. Thus, DCs arise from precursor cells in the bone marrow with distinct progenitor cell populations splitting the monocyte populations and macrophage populations from the DC lineage, which upon lineage commitment can be separated into conventional cDC1, cDC2, and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). The DC populations harbor intrinsic programs enabling them to react for specific pathogens in dependency on the DC subset, and thereby orchestrate T cell immune responses. Similarities, but also varieties, between human and murine DC subpopulations are challenging, and will require further investigation of human specimens under consideration of the influence of the tissue micromilieu and DC subset localization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Amon
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian H K Lehmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Baranska
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janina Schoen
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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16
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Ghimire K, Chiba T, Minhas N, Meijles DN, Lu B, O'Connell P, Rogers NM. Deficiency in SIRP-α cytoplasmic recruitment confers protection from acute kidney injury. FASEB J 2019; 33:11528-11540. [PMID: 31370677 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900583r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains an important source of progressive chronic kidney injury. Loss of renal blood flow with subsequent restoration, termed ischemia reperfusion (IR), is a common cause of AKI. The cell surface receptor signal regulatory protein α (SIRP-α) is expressed on macrophages and limits inflammation and phagocytosis. SIRP-α has recently been found to have wider cell-based expression and play a role in renal IR. We have explored this in a genetic model of deficient SIRP-α signaling. Mice lacking SIRP-α cytoplasmic signaling (SIRP-αmut) and wild-type (WT) littermate controls underwent renal ischemia and reperfusion. Chimeric mice transplanted with WT or SIRP-αmut bone marrow were similarly challenged following engraftment. Molecular and immunohistochemical analysis of renal function, tissue damage, and key molecular targets was performed. SIRP-αmut mice were protected from renal IR compared with WT animals, demonstrating improved serum creatinine, less histologic damage, reduced proinflammatory cytokine production, and diminished production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Resistance to renal IR in SIRP-αmut occurred alongside down-regulation of CD47 and thrombospondin-1, which are known to exert SIRP-α crosstalk and also promote IR. In chimeric mice, lack of SIRP-α signaling conferred protection to IR regardless of the genotype of circulating cells. Renal tubular epithelial cells from SIRP-αmut mice produced fewer ROS and proinflammatory cytokines in vitro. These results identify parenchymal SIRP-α as an independent driver of IR-mediated AKI and a potential therapeutic target.-Ghimire, K., Chiba, T., Minhas, N., Meijles, D. N., Lu, B., O'Connell, P., Rogers, N. M. Deficiency in SIRP-α cytoplasmic recruitment confers protection from acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedar Ghimire
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Takuto Chiba
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nikita Minhas
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel N Meijles
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Lu
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Philip O'Connell
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natasha M Rogers
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Medicine, Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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17
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Salvesen Ø, Tatzelt J, Tranulis MA. The prion protein in neuroimmune crosstalk. Neurochem Int 2018; 130:104335. [PMID: 30448564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a medium-sized glycoprotein, attached to the cell surface by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. PrPC is encoded by a single-copy gene, PRNP, which is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system and at lower levels in non-neuronal cells, including those of the immune system. Evidence from experimental knockout of PRNP in rodents, goats, and cattle and the occurrence of a nonsense mutation in goat that prevents synthesis of PrPC, have shown that the molecule is non-essential for life. Indeed, no easily recognizable phenotypes are associate with a lack of PrPC, except the potentially advantageous trait that animals without PrPC cannot develop prion disease. This is because, in prion diseases, PrPC converts to a pathogenic "scrapie" conformer, PrPSc, which aggregates and eventually induces neurodegeneration. In addition, endogenous neuronal PrPC serves as a toxic receptor to mediate prion-induced neurotoxicity. Thus, PrPC is an interesting target for treatment of prion diseases. Although loss of PrPC has no discernable effect, alteration of its normal physiological function can have very harmful consequences. It is therefore important to understand cellular processes involving PrPC, and research of this topic has advanced considerably in the past decade. Here, we summarize data that indicate the role of PrPC in modulating immune signaling, with emphasis on neuroimmune crosstalk both under basal conditions and during inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øyvind Salvesen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Sandnes, Norway.
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Department Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
| | - Michael A Tranulis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
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18
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Bedoui Y, Neal JW, Gasque P. The Neuro-Immune-Regulators (NIREGs) Promote Tissue Resilience; a Vital Component of the Host's Defense Strategy against Neuroinflammation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2018; 13:309-329. [PMID: 29909495 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-9793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An effective protective inflammatory response in the brain is crucial for the clearance of pathogens (e.g. microbes, amyloid fibrils, prionSC) and should be closely regulated. However, the CNS seems to have limited tissue resilience to withstand the detrimental effects of uncontrolled inflammation compromising functional recovery and tissue repair. Newly described neuro-immune-regulators (NIREGs) are functionally related proteins regulating the severity and duration of the host inflammatory response. NIREGs such as CD200, CD47 and CX3CL1 are vital for increasing tissue resilience and are constitutively expressed by neurons. The interaction with co-receptors (CD200R, CD172a, CX3CR1) will maintain microglia in the resting phenotype, directing aggressive microglia phenotype and limiting bystander injuries. Neurons can also express many of the complement NIREGs (CD55, CD46, CD59 and factor H). Neurons and glia also express suppressor of cytokine signaling proteins (SOCS) down regulating janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway and to lead to the polarization of microglia towards anti-inflammatory phenotype. Other NIREGs such as serine protease inhibitors (serpins) and thrombomodulin (CD141) inhibit neurotoxic systemic coagulation proteins such as thrombin. The unfolded protein response (UPR) detects misfolded proteins and other stressors to prevent irreversible cell injury. Microglial pattern recognition receptors (PRR) (TREM-2, CR3, FcγR) are important to clear apoptotic cells and cellular debris but in non-phlogystic manner through inhibitory signaling pathways. The TYRO3, Axl, Mer (TAM) tyrosine receptor kinases activated by Gas 6 and PROS1 regulate inflammation by inhibiting Toll like receptors (TLR) /JAK-STAT activation and contribute to NIREG's functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Bedoui
- Université de la Réunion, CRNS 9192, INSERM U1187, IRD249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Saint -Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Jim W Neal
- Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Philippe Gasque
- Laboratoire de biologie, secteur laboratoire d'immunologie Clinique et expérimentale ZOI, LICE-OI, CHU Felix Guyon Bellepierre, St Denis, La Réunion, France.
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19
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Beaino W, Janssen B, Kooij G, van der Pol SMA, van Het Hof B, van Horssen J, Windhorst AD, de Vries HE. Purinergic receptors P2Y12R and P2X7R: potential targets for PET imaging of microglia phenotypes in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:259. [PMID: 29273052 PMCID: PMC5741931 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-1034-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia are major players in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and may play a dual role in disease progression. The activation status of microglia in vivo is highly dynamic and occurs as a continuum, with the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes on either end of this spectrum. Little is known about in vivo dynamics of microglia phenotypes in MS due to the lack of diagnostic tools. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a powerful non-invasive technique that allows real-time imaging of microglia activation phenotypes in the central nervous system, depending on the availability of selective PET tracers. Our objective is to investigate and characterize the expression of the purinergic receptors P2Y12R and P2X7R as potential targets for PET tracer development and subsequent PET imaging in order to evaluate the dynamics of microglia status in vivo. Methods We used immunohistochemical analysis to explore the expression of P2Y12R and P2X7R in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) post-mortem tissues and different stages of well-characterized MS lesions. We evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction the expression of P2Y12R and P2X7R in human polarized microglia, and we performed autoradiography binding assay with radiolabeled P2Y12R and P2X7R antagonists using MS and rat EAE tissues. Results Here, we demonstrate that P2X7R is associated with a pro-inflammatory phenotype of human microglia in vitro, and is highly expressed in microglia in MS lesions as well as during the peak of EAE. In contrast, P2Y12R was associated with an anti-inflammatory phenotype in human microglia in vitro and was expressed at lower levels in active inflammatory MS lesions compared to normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and similarly in EAE, while its expression increased in the remission phase of EAE. Binding of radiolabeled tracers specific for P2Y12R and P2X7R on ex vivo tissues validated the value of these receptors as PET imaging targets for microglia phenotypes in vivo. Conclusion Our results suggest that P2Y12R and P2X7R are excellent targets for PET imaging to discriminate distinct microglia phenotypes in MS. Ultimately, this may provide insight into the role of microglia in disease progression and monitor novel treatment strategies to alter microglia phenotype. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-017-1034-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Beaino
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Bieneke Janssen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VUmc MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne M A van der Pol
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VUmc MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B van Het Hof
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VUmc MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jack van Horssen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VUmc MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VUmc MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Matlung HL, Szilagyi K, Barclay NA, van den Berg TK. The CD47-SIRPα signaling axis as an innate immune checkpoint in cancer. Immunol Rev 2017; 276:145-164. [PMID: 28258703 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including those targeting CTLA-4/B7 and the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory pathways, are now available for clinical use in cancer patients, with other interesting checkpoint inhibitors being currently in development. Most of these have the purpose to promote adaptive T cell-mediated immunity against cancer. Here, we review another checkpoint acting to potentiate the activity of innate immune cells towards cancer. This innate immune checkpoint is composed of what has become known as the 'don't-eat me' signal CD47, which is a protein broadly expressed on normal cells and often overexpressed on cancer cells, and its counter-receptor, the myeloid inhibitory immunoreceptor SIRPα. Blocking CD47-SIRPα interactions has been shown to promote the destruction of cancer cells by phagocytes, including macrophages and neutrophils. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that targeting of the CD47-SIRPα axis may also promote antigen-presenting cell function and thereby stimulate adaptive T cell-mediated anti-cancer immunity. The development of CD47-SIRPα checkpoint inhibitors and the potential side effects that these may have are discussed. Collectively, this identifies the CD47-SIRPα axis as a promising innate immune checkpoint in cancer, and with data of the first clinical studies with CD47-SIRPα checkpoint inhibitors expected within the coming years, this is an exciting and rapidly developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanke L Matlung
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katka Szilagyi
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neil A Barclay
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timo K van den Berg
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, VU medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Lumniczky K, Szatmári T, Sáfrány G. Ionizing Radiation-Induced Immune and Inflammatory Reactions in the Brain. Front Immunol 2017; 8:517. [PMID: 28529513 PMCID: PMC5418235 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced late brain injury consisting of vascular abnormalities, demyelination, white matter necrosis, and cognitive impairment has been described in patients subjected to cranial radiotherapy for brain tumors. Accumulating evidence suggests that various degrees of cognitive deficit can develop after much lower doses of ionizing radiation, as well. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these alterations are not elucidated so far. A permanent deficit in neurogenesis, chronic microvascular alterations, and blood–brain barrier dysfunctionality are considered among the main causative factors. Chronic neuroinflammation and altered immune reactions in the brain, which are inherent complications of brain irradiation, have also been directly implicated in the development of cognitive decline after radiation. This review aims to give a comprehensive overview on radiation-induced immune alterations and inflammatory reactions in the brain and summarizes how these processes can influence cognitive performance. The available data on the risk of low-dose radiation exposure in the development of cognitive impairment and the underlying mechanisms are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Lumniczky
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Szatmári
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- Division of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
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22
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Schulze AB, Schmidt LH, Baie L, Heitkötter B, Kuemmel A, Mohr M, Buhl R, Hillmann H, Geißler G, Kelsch R, Görlich D, Berdel WE, Hartmann W, Wiewrodt R. Rhesus CE expression on patient red blood cells is an independent prognostic factor for adenocarcinoma of the lung. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2017; 12:1106-1117. [PMID: 28398662 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The influence of blood group antigens on cancerogenesis is shown for distinct tumor types, yet the impact of Rhesus blood group antigens in lung cancer is not clarified. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the impact of Rhesus blood groups a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) collective (n = 1047) was analyzed retrospectively. Using a second cohort of n = 340 primarily operated stage I-III NSCLC patients, we evaluated immunohistochemistry of CD47-antibody stained tissue samples in correlation to histopathologic subtype and Rhesus blood group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In 516 of 1047 patients blood group data were available. Seven different RhCE phenotypes were grouped as "··ee," "ccE·," and "C·E·." Adenocarcinoma patients with Rh "··ee" revealed improved overall survival (29 (21.2-36.8) m; HR 1.00 [index]) compared with Rh "ccE·" (19 (1.9-36.1) m; HR 1.76 [1.15-2.70]) and Rh "C·E·" (10 (7.4-12.6) m; HR 2.65 [1.70-4.12]) univariately (P < .001) and multivariately (P < .001). Rh "··ee" showed reduced incidence of CNS-metastasis (P = .014) and metastasis count (P = .032) in stage IV adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry associated CD47-positivity with adenocarcinomas (n = 340, P = .048). In n = 51 cases blood group data were available. The prognostic effect of Rh "··ee" compared with Rh "ccE·" and Rh "C·E·" was stated (P = .001), foremost in CD47-positive adenocarcinomas (Rh "··ee" vs. Rh "ccE·" and Rh "C·E·," P = .008). Inversely Rh "ccE·" or Rh "C·E·" was found beneficial in CD47-negative non-adenocarcinomas (P = .046). Phenotypic RhCE expression may be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in adeno-NSCLC. We hypothesize an erythrocytic-immunologic interaction with tumor tissue, possibly altered by RhCE and CD47, resulting in a metastatic prone condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Schulze
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - L H Schmidt
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - L Baie
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - B Heitkötter
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - A Kuemmel
- III. Medical Department, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Mohr
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - R Buhl
- III. Medical Department, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - H Hillmann
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - G Geißler
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - R Kelsch
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - D Görlich
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - W E Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - W Hartmann
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - R Wiewrodt
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Azcutia V, Bassil R, Herter JM, Engelbertsen D, Newton G, Autio A, Mayadas T, Lichtman AH, Khoury SJ, Parkos CA, Elyaman W, Luscinskas FW. Defects in CD4+ T cell LFA-1 integrin-dependent adhesion and proliferation protect Cd47-/- mice from EAE. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 101:493-505. [PMID: 27965383 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a1215-546rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD47 is known to play an important role in CD4+ T cell homeostasis. We recently reported a reduction in mice deficient in the Cd47 gene (Cd47-/-) CD4+ T cell adhesion and transendothelial migration (TEM) in vivo and in vitro as a result of impaired expression of high-affinity forms of LFA-1 and VLA-4 integrins. A prior study concluded that Cd47-/- mice were resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a result of complete failure in CD4+ T cell activation after myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35-55 aa (MOG35-55) immunization. As the prior EAE study was published before our report, authors could not have accounted for defects in T cell integrin function as a mechanism to protect Cd47-/- in EAE. Thus, we hypothesized that failure of T cell activation involved defects in LFA-1 and VLA-4 integrins. We confirmed that Cd47-/- mice were resistant to MOG35-55-induced EAE. Our data, however, supported a different mechanism that was not a result of failure of CD4+ T cell activation. Instead, we found that CD4+ T cells in MOG35-55-immunized Cd47-/- mice were activated, but clonal expansion contracted within 72 h after immunization. We used TCR crosslinking and mitogen activation in vitro to investigate the underlying mechanism. We found that naïve Cd47-/- CD4+ T cells exhibited a premature block in proliferation and survival because of impaired activation of LFA-1, despite effective TCR-induced activation. These results identify CD47 as an important regulator of LFA-1 and VLA-4 integrin-adhesive functions in T cell proliferation, as well as recruitment, and clarify the roles played by CD47 in MOG35-55-induced EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Azcutia
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ribal Bassil
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jan M Herter
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Engelbertsen
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gail Newton
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anu Autio
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tanya Mayadas
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew H Lichtman
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samia J Khoury
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Abou Haidar Neuroscience Institute, American University of Beirut, Lebanon; and
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Wassim Elyaman
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
| | - Francis W Luscinskas
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
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24
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Divergent modulation of normal and neoplastic stem cells by thrombospondin-1 and CD47 signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:184-194. [PMID: 27163531 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 is a secreted matricellular protein that regulates the differentiation and function of many cell types. Thrombospondin-1 is not required for embryonic development, but studies using lineage-committed adult stem cells have identified positive and negative effects of thrombospondin-1 on stem cell differentiation and self-renewal and identified several thrombospondin-1 receptors that mediate these responses. Genetic studies in mice reveal a broad inhibitory role of thrombospondin-1 mediated by its receptor CD47. Cells and tissues lacking thrombospondin-1 or CD47 exhibit an increased capacity for self-renewal associated with increased expression of the stem cell transcription factors c-Myc, Sox2, Klf4, and Oct4. Thrombospondin-1 inhibits expression of these transcription factors in a CD47-dependent manner. However, this regulation differs in some neoplastic cells. Tumor initiating/cancer stem cells express high levels of CD47, but in contrast to nontransformed stem cells CD47 signaling supports cancer stem cells. Suppression of CD47 expression in cancer stem cells or ligation of CD47 by function blocking antibodies or thrombospondin-1 results in loss of self-renewal. Therefore, the therapeutic CD47 antagonists that are in clinical development for stimulating innate anti-tumor immunity may also inhibit tumor growth by suppressing cancer stem cells. These and other therapeutic modulators of thrombospondin-1 and CD47 signaling may also have applications in regenerative medicine to enhance the function of normal stem cells.
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25
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Gao Q, Zhang Y, Han C, Hu X, Zhang H, Xu X, Tian J, Liu Y, Ding Y, Liu J, Wang C, Guo Z, Yang Y, Cao X. Blockade of CD47 ameliorates autoimmune inflammation in CNS by suppressing IL-1-triggered infiltration of pathogenic Th17 cells. J Autoimmun 2016; 69:74-85. [PMID: 26994903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The migration of Th17 cells into central nervous system (CNS) tissue is the key pathogenic step in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. However, the mechanism underlying the pathogenic Th17 cell migration remains elusive. Here we report that blockade of CD47 with CD47-Fc fusion protein is effective in preventing and curing EAE by impairing infiltration of Th17 cells into CNS. However, CD47 deficiency does not directly impair the migration of Th17 cells. Mechanistic studies showed that CD47 deficiency inhibited degradation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in proteasome of macrophages by Src activation and led to the increased nitric oxide (NO) production. Then NO suppressed inflammasome activation-induced IL-1β production. This lower IL-1β reduces the expression of IL-1R1 and migration-related chemokine receptors on CD47(-/-) Th17 cells, inhibiting the ability of Th17 cells to infiltrate into the CNS of CD47(-/-) mice and therefore suppressing EAE development. In vivo administration of exogenous IL-1β indeed promoted the infiltration CD47(-/-) Th17 cells into CNS and antagonized the protective role of CD47 deficiency in EAE pathogenesis. Our results demonstrate a potential preventive and therapeutic application of CD47 blockade in controlling EAE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangguo Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chaofeng Han
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiongfei Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yiqi Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ding
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Juan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhenhong Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yongguang Yang
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China; Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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26
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Lim JL, van der Pol SMA, Di Dio F, van Het Hof B, Kooij G, de Vries HE, van Horssen J. Protective effects of monomethyl fumarate at the inflamed blood-brain barrier. Microvasc Res 2015; 105:61-9. [PMID: 26679389 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species play a key role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis as they induce blood-brain barrier disruption and enhance transendothelial leukocyte migration. Thus, therapeutic compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential could have clinical value in multiple sclerosis. The aim of the current study was to elucidate the therapeutic effects of monomethyl fumarate on inflammatory-mediated changes in blood-brain barrier function and gain insight into the underlying mechanism. METHODS The effects of monomethyl fumarate on monocyte transendothelial migration across and adhesion to inflamed human brain endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) were quantified using standardized in vitro migration and adhesion assays. Flow cytometry analysis and qPCR were used to measure the concomitant effects of monomethyl fumarate treatment on protein expression of cell adhesion molecules. Furthermore, the effects of monomethyl fumarate on the expression and nuclear localization of proteins involved in the activation of antioxidant and inflammatory pathways in human brain endothelial cells were elucidated using nuclear fractionation and Western blotting. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test. RESULTS Our results show that monomethyl fumarate induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and concomitant production of the antioxidant enzymes heme oxygenase-1 and NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase-1 in brain endothelial cells. Importantly, monomethyl fumarate treatment markedly decreased monocyte transendothelial migration across and adhesion to inflamed human brain endothelial cells. Treatment of brain endothelial cells with monomethyl fumarate resulted in a striking reduction of vascular cell adhesion molecule expression. Surprisingly, monomethyl fumarate did not affect nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-кB suggesting that monomethyl fumarate potentially affects activity of nuclear factor-ĸB downstream of nuclear translocation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we show that monomethyl fumarate, the primary metabolite of dimethyl fumarate, which is currently used in the clinics for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, demonstrates beneficial therapeutic effects at the inflamed blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Lim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Susanne M A van der Pol
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Flaminia Di Dio
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Bert van Het Hof
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jack van Horssen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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27
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van Strien ME, de Vries HE, Chrobok NL, Bol JGJM, Breve JJP, van der Pol SMP, Kooij G, van Buul JD, Karpuj M, Steinman L, Wilhelmus MM, Sestito C, Drukarch B, Van Dam AM. Tissue Transglutaminase contributes to experimental multiple sclerosis pathogenesis and clinical outcome by promoting macrophage migration. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 50:141-154. [PMID: 26133787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a serious neurological disorder, resulting in e.g., sensory, motor and cognitive deficits. A critical pathological aspect of multiple sclerosis (MS) is the influx of immunomodulatory cells into the central nervous system (CNS). Identification of key players that regulate cellular trafficking into the CNS may lead to the development of more selective treatment to halt this process. The multifunctional enzyme tissue Transglutaminase (TG2) can participate in various inflammation-related processes, and is known to be expressed in the CNS. In the present study, we question whether TG2 activity contributes to the pathogenesis of experimental MS, and could be a novel therapeutic target. In human post-mortem material, we showed the appearance of TG2 immunoreactivity in leukocytes in MS lesions, and particular in macrophages in rat chronic-relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (cr-EAE), an experimental MS model. Clinical deficits as observed in mouse EAE were reduced in TG2 knock-out mice compared to littermate wild-type mice, supporting a role of TG2 in EAE pathogenesis. To establish if the enzyme TG2 represents an attractive therapeutic target, cr-EAE rats were treated with TG2 activity inhibitors during ongoing disease. Reduction of TG2 activity in cr-EAE animals dramatically attenuated clinical deficits and demyelination. The mechanism underlying these beneficial effects pointed toward a reduction in macrophage migration into the CNS due to attenuated cytoskeletal flexibility and RhoA GTPase activity. Moreover, iNOS and TNFα levels were selectively reduced in the CNS of cr-EAE rats treated with a TG2 activity inhibitor, whereas other relevant inflammatory mediators were not affected in CNS or spleen by reducing TG2 activity. We conclude that modulating TG2 activity opens new avenues for therapeutic intervention in MS which does not affect peripheral levels of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E van Strien
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Anatomy & Neurosciences, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Navina L Chrobok
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Anatomy & Neurosciences, The Netherlands
| | - John G J M Bol
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Anatomy & Neurosciences, The Netherlands
| | - John J P Breve
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Anatomy & Neurosciences, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne M P van der Pol
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Kooij
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- Dept. Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lawrence Steinman
- Beckman Center for Molecular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Micha M Wilhelmus
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Anatomy & Neurosciences, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Sestito
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Anatomy & Neurosciences, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Drukarch
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Anatomy & Neurosciences, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Van Dam
- VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Dept. Anatomy & Neurosciences, The Netherlands.
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28
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Hepatitis E virus infection activates signal regulator protein α to down-regulate type I interferon. Immunol Res 2015; 64:115-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Regulation of Phagocyte Migration by Signal Regulatory Protein-Alpha Signaling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127178. [PMID: 26057870 PMCID: PMC4461249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling through the inhibitory receptor signal regulatory protein-alpha (SIRPα) controls effector functions in phagocytes. However, there are also indications that interactions between SIRPα and its ligand CD47 are involved in phagocyte transendothelial migration. We have investigated the involvement of SIRPα signaling in phagocyte migration in vitro and in vivo using mice that lack the SIRPα cytoplasmic tail. During thioglycolate-induced peritonitis in SIRPα mutant mice, both neutrophil and macrophage influx were found to occur, but to be significantly delayed. SIRPα signaling appeared to be essential for an optimal transendothelial migration and chemotaxis, and for the amoeboid type of phagocyte migration in 3-dimensional environments. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, that SIRPα signaling can directly control phagocyte migration, and this may contribute to the impaired inflammatory phenotype that has been observed in the absence of SIRPα signaling.
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30
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Hernangómez M, Carrillo-Salinas FJ, Mecha M, Correa F, Mestre L, Loría F, Feliú A, Docagne F, Guaza C. Brain innate immunity in the regulation of neuroinflammation: therapeutic strategies by modulating CD200-CD200R interaction involve the cannabinoid system. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 20:4707-22. [PMID: 24588829 PMCID: PMC4157566 DOI: 10.2174/1381612820666140130202911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) innate immune response includes an arsenal of molecules and receptors expressed by professional phagocytes, glial cells and neurons that is involved in host defence and clearance of toxic and dangerous cell debris. However, any uncontrolled innate immune responses within the CNS are widely recognized as playing a major role in the development of autoimmune disorders and neurodegeneration, with multiple sclerosis (MS) Alzheimer's disease (AD) being primary examples. Hence, it is important to identify the key regulatory mechanisms involved in the control of CNS innate immunity and which could be harnessed to explore novel therapeutic avenues. Neuroimmune regulatory proteins (NIReg) such as CD95L, CD200, CD47, sialic acid, complement regulatory proteins (CD55, CD46, fH, C3a), HMGB1, may control the adverse immune responses in health and diseases. In the absence of these regulators, when neurons die by apoptosis, become infected or damaged, microglia and infiltrating immune cells are free to cause injury as well as an adverse inflammatory response in acute and chronic settings. We will herein provide new emphasis on the role of the pair CD200-CD200R in MS and its experimental models: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and Theiler’s virus induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD). The interest of the cannabinoid system as inhibitor of inflammation prompt us to introduce our findings about the role of endocannabinoids (eCBs) in promoting CD200-CD200 receptor (CD200R) interaction and the benefits caused in TMEV-IDD. Finally, we also review the current data on CD200-CD200R interaction in AD, as well as, in the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carmen Guaza
- Neuroimmunology Group, Functional and Systems Neurobiology Department, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, 28002 Madrid, Spain.
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31
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Zhang H, Li F, Yang Y, Chen J, Hu X. SIRP/CD47 signaling in neurological disorders. Brain Res 2015; 1623:74-80. [PMID: 25795378 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Microglia play important roles in the process of neuronal injury and recovery. Numeous surface receptors have been described to regulate microglial activation. These receptors tightly mediate normal microglial functions including cell mobility, phagocytosis, and production of inflammatory mediators or trophic factors. In recent years, significant progresses have been achieved for understanding the signaling mechanisms underlying these receptors. Their specific roles in neurological diseases have been documented. This review will focus on the signal regulatory protein (SIRP) and its ligand CD47, two surface receptors expressed on microglia and other cells in the central nervous system (CNS) such as neurons. We will discuss the involvement of SIRP/CD47 signaling in microglial activation and in the interplay between microglia and other CNS cells. Current studies reveal the importance of CD47 and SIRPα in the process of neuroinflammation in the CNS disorders. The dual and contradictory role of CD47 suggests that targeting the SIRPα/CD47 signaling may achieve different effects depending on disease stage. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Cell Interactions In Stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Zhang
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Xianaya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fengwu Li
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Teaching Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Xianaya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Teaching Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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32
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Zen K, Guo Y, Bian Z, Lv Z, Zhu D, Ohnishi H, Matozaki T, Liu Y. Inflammation-induced proteolytic processing of the SIRPα cytoplasmic ITIM in neutrophils propagates a proinflammatory state. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2436. [PMID: 24026300 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα), an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-containing receptor, is an essential negative regulator of leukocyte inflammatory responses. Here we report that SIRPα cytoplasmic signalling ITIMs in neutrophils are cleaved during active inflammation and that the loss of SIRPα ITIMs enhances the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) inflammatory response. Using human leukocytes and two inflammatory models in mice, we show that the cleavage of SIRPα ITIMs in PMNs but not monocytes occurs at the post-acute stage of inflammation and correlates with increased PMN recruitment to inflammatory loci. Enhanced transmigration of PMNs and PMN-associated tissue damage are confirmed in mutant mice expressing SIRPα but lacking the ITIMs. Moreover, the loss of SIRPα ITIMs in PMNs during colitis is blocked by an anti-interleukin-17 (IL-17) antibody. These results demonstrate a SIRPα-based mechanism that dynamically regulates PMN inflammatory responses by generating a CD47-binding but non-signalling SIRPα 'decoy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zen
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing 210093, China
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Luissint AC, Nusrat A, Parkos CA. JAM-related proteins in mucosal homeostasis and inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:211-26. [PMID: 24667924 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-014-0421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells that form a physical barrier protecting the body against external noxious substances and pathogens. At a molecular level, the mucosal barrier is regulated by tight junctions (TJs) that seal the paracellular space between adjacent epithelial cells. Transmembrane proteins within TJs include junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) that belong to the cortical thymocyte marker for Xenopus family of proteins. JAM family encompasses three classical members (JAM-A, JAM-B, and JAM-C) and related molecules including JAM4, JAM-like protein, Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), CAR-like membrane protein and endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule. JAMs have multiple functions that include regulation of endothelial and epithelial paracellular permeability, leukocyte recruitment during inflammation, angiogenesis, cell migration, and proliferation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the roles of the JAM family members in the regulation of mucosal homeostasis and leukocyte trafficking with a particular emphasis on barrier function and its perturbation during pathological inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny-Claude Luissint
- Epithelial pathobiology and mucosal inflammation research unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, 30306, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Barclay AN, van den Berg TK. The Interaction Between Signal Regulatory Protein Alpha (SIRPα) and CD47: Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Target. Annu Rev Immunol 2014; 32:25-50. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Neil Barclay
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK;
| | - Timo K. van den Berg
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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Similarities and differences in the regulation of leukocyte extravasation and vascular permeability. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:177-92. [PMID: 24638889 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-014-0419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte extravasation is regulated and mediated by a multitude of adhesion and signaling molecules. Many of them enable the capturing and docking of leukocytes to the vessel wall. Others allow leukocytes to crawl on the apical surface of endothelial cells to appropriate sites of exit. While these steps are well understood and the adhesion molecules mediating these interactions are largely identified, a still growing number of adhesion receptors mediate the diapedesis process, the actual migration of leukocytes through the endothelial cell layer, and the underlying basement membrane. In most cases, it is not known which molecular processes they actually mediate, whether they enable the migration of leukocytes through the endothelial cell layer or whether they are involved in the destabilization of endothelial junctions. In addition, leukocytes are able to circumvent junctions and transcytose directly through the body of endothelial cells. While this latter route indeed exists, recent work has highlighted in vivo the junctional pathway as the prevalent way of leukocyte exit in various inflamed tissues. Recent work elucidating molecular mechanisms that regulate endothelial junctions and thereby leukocyte extravasation and vascular permeability will be discussed.
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Ha B, Lv Z, Bian Z, Zhang X, Mishra A, Liu Y. 'Clustering' SIRPα into the plasma membrane lipid microdomains is required for activated monocytes and macrophages to mediate effective cell surface interactions with CD47. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77615. [PMID: 24143245 PMCID: PMC3797048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRPα, an ITIMs-containing signaling receptor, negatively regulates leukocyte responses through extracellular interactions with CD47. However, the dynamics of SIRPα-CD47 interactions on the cell surface and the governing mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that while the purified SIRPα binds to CD47 and that SIRPα is expressed on monocytes and monocytic THP-1 or U937, these SIRPα are ineffective to mediate cell binding to immobilized CD47. However, cell binding to CD47 is significantly enhanced when monocytes transmigrating across endothelia, or being differentiated into macrophages. Cell surface labeling reveals SIRPα to be diffused on naïve monocytes but highly clustered on transmigrated monocytes and macrophages. Protein crosslink and equilibrium centrifugation confirm that SIRPα in the latter cells forms oligomerized complexes resulting in increased avidity for CD47 binding. Furthermore, formation of SIRPα complexes/clusters requires the plasma membrane ‘lipid rafts’ and the activity of Src family kinase during macrophage differentiation. These results together suggest that ‘clustering’ SIRPα into plasma membrane microdomains is essential for activated monocytes and macrophages to effectively interact with CD47 and initiate intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Ha
- Program of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Zhiyuan Lv
- Program of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Bian
- Program of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiugen Zhang
- Program of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Aarti Mishra
- Program of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yuan Liu
- Program of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Center of Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Azcutia V, Routledge M, Williams MR, Newton G, Frazier WA, Manica A, Croce KJ, Parkos CA, Schmider AB, Turman MV, Soberman RJ, Luscinskas FW. CD47 plays a critical role in T-cell recruitment by regulation of LFA-1 and VLA-4 integrin adhesive functions. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:3358-68. [PMID: 24006483 PMCID: PMC3814154 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-01-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD47 plays an important but incompletely understood role in the innate and adaptive immune responses. CD47, also called integrin-associated protein, has been demonstrated to associate in cis with β1 and β3 integrins. Here we test the hypothesis that CD47 regulates adhesive functions of T-cell α4β1 (VLA-4) and αLβ2 (LFA-1) in in vivo and in vitro models of inflammation. Intravital microscopy studies reveal that CD47(-/-) Th1 cells exhibit reduced interactions with wild-type (WT) inflamed cremaster muscle microvessels. Similarly, murine CD47(-/-) Th1 cells, as compared with WT, showed defects in adhesion and transmigration across tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-activated murine endothelium and in adhesion to immobilized intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1) under flow conditions. Human Jurkat T-cells lacking CD47 also showed reduced adhesion to TNF-α-activated endothelium and ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. In cis interactions between Jurkat T-cell β2 integrins and CD47 were detected by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Unexpectedly, Jurkat CD47 null cells exhibited a striking defect in β1 and β2 integrin activation in response to Mn(2+) or Mg(2+)/ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid treatment. Our results demonstrate that CD47 associates with β2 integrins and is necessary to induce high-affinity conformations of LFA-1 and VLA-4 that recognize their endothelial cell ligands and support leukocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Azcutia
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre 90010-395, Brazil Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Gastrointestinal Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
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Martinelli R, Newton G, Carman CV, Greenwood J, Luscinskas FW. Novel role of CD47 in rat microvascular endothelium: signaling and regulation of T-cell transendothelial migration. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2566-76. [PMID: 23990210 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although endothelial CD47, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, has been implicated in leukocyte diapedesis, its capacity for intracellular signaling and physical localization during this process has not been addressed in detail. This study examined endothelial CD47 spatiotemporal behavior and signaling pathways involved in regulating T-cell transendothelial migration. APPROACH AND RESULTS By biochemical methods, transmigration assays, and live-cell microscopy techniques, we show that endothelial CD47 engagement results in intracellular calcium mobilization, increased permeability, and activation of Src and AKT1/phosphoinositide 3-kinase in brain microvascular endothelial cells. These signaling pathways converge to induce cytoskeleton remodeling and vascular endothelial cadherin phosphorylation, which are necessary steps during T-cell transendothelial migration. In addition, during T-cell migration, transmigratory cups and podo-prints enriched in CD47 appear on the surface of the endothelium, indicating that the spatial distribution of CD47 changes after its engagement. Consistent with previous findings of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, blockade of CD47 results in decreased T-cell transmigration across microvascular endothelium. The overlapping effect of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and CD47 suggests their involvement in different steps of the diapedesis process. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal a novel role for CD47-mediated signaling in the control of the molecular network governing endothelial-dependent T-cell diapedesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Martinelli
- From the Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.M., G.N., F.W.L.); Department of Medicine, Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R.M., C.V.C.); and Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, UCL, London, United Kingdom (R.M., J.G.)
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How does the brain limit the severity of inflammation and tissue injury during bacterial meningitis? J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2013; 72:370-85. [PMID: 23584204 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e3182909f2f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The most devastating CNS bacterial infection, bacterial meningitis, has both acute and long-term neurologic consequences. The CNS defends itself against bacterial invasion through a combination of physical barriers (i.e. blood-brain barrier, meninges, and ependyma), which contain macrophages that express a range of pattern-recognition receptors that detect pathogens before they gain access to the CNS and cerebrospinal fluid. This activates an antipathogen response consisting of inflammatory cytokines, complement, and chemoattractants. Regulation of the antipathogen inflammatory response is essential for preventing irreversible brain injury and protecting stem cell populations in the ventricle wall. The severity of brain inflammation is regulated by the clearance of apoptotic inflammatory cells and neurons. Death signaling pathways are expressed by glia to stimulate apoptosis of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and damaged neurons and to regulate in flammation and remove necrotic cells. The emerging group of neuroimmunoregulatory molecules adjusts the balance of the anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory response to provide optimal conditions for effective clearance of pathogens and apoptotic cells but reduce the severity of the inflammatory response to prevent injury to brain cells, including stem cell populations. The neuroimmunoregulatory molecules and other CNS anti-inflammatory pathways represent potential therapeutic targets capable of reducing brain injury caused by bacterial infection.
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Zhu D, Pan C, Li L, Bian Z, Lv Z, Shi L, Zhang J, Li D, Gu H, Zhang CY, Liu Y, Zen K. MicroRNA-17/20a/106a modulate macrophage inflammatory responses through targeting signal-regulatory protein α. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:426-36.e8. [PMID: 23562609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal-regulatory protein α (SIRPα) is an essential signaling molecule that modulates leukocyte inflammatory responses. However, the regulation of selective SIRPα synthesis and its dynamic changes in leukocytes under inflammatory stimulation remain incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify the microRNAs (miRNAs) that posttranscriptionally regulate SIRPα synthesis and their roles in modulating macrophage inflammatory responses. METHODS SIRPα was induced in SIRPα-negative promyelocytic cells by retinoic acid or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and the differential expression of miRNAs was assessed by means of microarray and quantitative RT-PCR assays. The roles of identified miRNAs in controlling SIRPα synthesis in leukocytes and leukocyte inflammatory responses were determined. RESULTS We identified SIRPα as a common target gene of miR-17, miR-20a, and miR-106a. During SIRPα induction, levels of these 3 miRNAs were all reduced, and their downregulation by retinoic acid or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate occurred through suppression of the c-Myc signaling pathway. All miR-17, miR-20a, and miR-106a specifically bound to the same seed sequence within the SIRPα 3' untranslated region and correlated inversely with SIRPα protein levels in various cells. In macrophages upregulation of miR-17, miR-20a, and miR-106a by LPS served as the mechanism underlying LPS-induced SIRPα reduction and macrophage activation. Both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrate that miR-17, miR-20a, and miR-106a regulate macrophage infiltration, phagocytosis, and proinflammatory cytokine secretion through targeting SIRPα. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate for the first time that miR-17, miR-20a, and miR-106a regulate SIRPα synthesis and SIRPα-mediated macrophage inflammatory responses in a redundant fashion, providing a novel pathway in which a panel of miRNAs can modulate immune polarization through regulation of macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dihan Zhu
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Transmigration of polymorphnuclear neutrophils and monocytes through the human blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier after bacterial infection in vitro. J Neuroinflammation 2013; 10:31. [PMID: 23448224 PMCID: PMC3663685 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial invasion through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) during bacterial meningitis causes secretion of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines followed by the recruitment of leukocytes into the CNS. In this study, we analyzed the cellular and molecular mechanisms of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) and monocyte transepithelial transmigration (TM) across the BCSFB after bacterial infection. Methods Using an inverted transwell filter system of human choroid plexus papilloma cells (HIBCPP), we studied leukocyte TM rates, the migration route by immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy and focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy, the secretion of cytokines/chemokines by cytokine bead array and posttranslational modification of the signal regulatory protein (SIRP) α via western blot. Results PMNs showed a significantly increased TM across HIBCPP after infection with wild-type Neisseria meningitidis (MC58). In contrast, a significantly decreased monocyte transmigration rate after bacterial infection of HIBCPP could be observed. Interestingly, in co-culture experiments with PMNs and monocytes, TM of monocytes was significantly enhanced. Analysis of paracellular permeability and transepithelial electrical resistance confirmed an intact barrier function during leukocyte TM. With the help of the different imaging techniques we could provide evidence for para- as well as for transcellular migrating leukocytes. Further analysis of secreted cytokines/chemokines showed a distinct pattern after stimulation and transmigration of PMNs and monocytes. Moreover, the transmembrane glycoprotein SIRPα was deglycosylated in monocytes, but not in PMNs, after bacterial infection. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that PMNs and monoctyes differentially migrate in a human BCSFB model after bacterial infection. Cytokines and chemokines as well as transmembrane proteins such as SIRPα may be involved in this process.
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CD47: A Cell Surface Glycoprotein Which Regulates Multiple Functions of Hematopoietic Cells in Health and Disease. ISRN HEMATOLOGY 2013; 2013:614619. [PMID: 23401787 PMCID: PMC3564380 DOI: 10.1155/2013/614619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between cells and their surroundings are important for proper function and homeostasis in a multicellular organism. These interactions can either be established between the cells and molecules in their extracellular milieu, but also involve interactions between cells. In all these situations, proteins in the plasma membranes are critically involved to relay information obtained from the exterior of the cell. The cell surface glycoprotein CD47 (integrin-associated protein (IAP)) was first identified as an important regulator of integrin function, but later also was shown to function in ways that do not necessarily involve integrins. Ligation of CD47 can induce intracellular signaling resulting in cell activation or cell death depending on the exact context. By binding to another cell surface glycoprotein, signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), CD47 can regulate the function of cells in the monocyte/macrophage lineage. In this spotlight paper, several functions of CD47 will be reviewed, although some functions may be more briefly mentioned. Focus will be on the ways CD47 regulates hematopoietic cells and functions such as CD47 signaling, induction of apoptosis, and regulation of phagocytosis or cell-cell fusion.
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Correa FG, Hernangómez M, Guaza C. Understanding microglia-neuron cross talk: relevance of the microglia-neuron cocultures. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1041:215-229. [PMID: 23813382 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-520-0_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microglia-neuron interaction is a complex process involving a plethora of ligands and receptors. The outcome of this intricate process will depend on the prevailing signals (i.e., whether the microglial cells will produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and/or phagocyte a dying neuron or whether it will produce neurotrophic factors and support neuronal growth, among other possible scenarios). In order to study this complex process, several tools have been developed, ranging from in vivo models (knockout and knock-in mice, conditional transgenic mice, imaging techniques) to in vitro models (microglia-neuron cocultures, transwell cell cultures). Here we describe a protocol for primary microglia-neuron coculture. this coculture allows to combine neurons and microglial cells coming from wild-type and KO mice, making this coculture a useful method to study in vitro the interaction of different sets of ligand-receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando G Correa
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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Irandoust M, Alvarez Zarate J, Hubeek I, van Beek EM, Schornagel K, Broekhuizen AJF, Akyuz M, van de Loosdrecht AA, Delwel R, Valk PJ, Sonneveld E, Kearns P, Creutzig U, Reinhardt D, de Bont ESJM, Coenen EA, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Zwaan CM, Kaspers GJL, Cloos J, van den Berg TK. Engagement of SIRPα inhibits growth and induces programmed cell death in acute myeloid leukemia cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52143. [PMID: 23320069 PMCID: PMC3540026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies show the importance of interactions between CD47 expressed on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and the inhibitory immunoreceptor, signal regulatory protein-alpha (SIRPα) on macrophages. Although AML cells express SIRPα, its function has not been investigated in these cells. In this study we aimed to determine the role of the SIRPα in acute myeloid leukemia. DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed the expression of SIRPα, both on mRNA and protein level in AML patients and we further investigated whether the expression of SIRPα on two low SIRPα expressing AML cell lines could be upregulated upon differentiation of the cells. We determined the effect of chimeric SIRPα expression on tumor cell growth and programmed cell death by its triggering with an agonistic antibody in these cells. Moreover, we examined the efficacy of agonistic antibody in combination with established antileukemic drugs. RESULTS By microarray analysis of an extensive cohort of primary AML samples, we demonstrated that SIRPα is differentially expressed in AML subgroups and its expression level is dependent on differentiation stage, with high levels in FAB M4/M5 AML and low levels in FAB M0-M3. Interestingly, AML patients with high SIRPα expression had a poor prognosis. Our results also showed that SIRPα is upregulated upon differentiation of NB4 and Kasumi cells. In addition, triggering of SIRPα with an agonistic antibody in the cells stably expressing chimeric SIRPα, led to inhibition of growth and induction of programmed cell death. Finally, the SIRPα-derived signaling synergized with the activity of established antileukemic drugs. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that triggering of SIRPα has antileukemic effect and may function as a potential therapeutic target in AML.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Child
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Growth Inhibitors/physiology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/therapy
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahban Irandoust
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julian Alvarez Zarate
- Sanquin Research & Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Hubeek
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen M. van Beek
- Sanquin Research & Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Schornagel
- Sanquin Research & Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aart J. F. Broekhuizen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mercan Akyuz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ruud Delwel
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Valk
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Sonneveld
- Dutch Childhood Oncology Group (DCOG), The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Kearns
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ursula Creutzig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Eva A. Coenen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Erasmus MC/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - C. Michel Zwaan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Erasmus MC/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan J. L. Kaspers
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo K. van den Berg
- Sanquin Research & Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Bian Z, Guo Y, Luo Y, Tremblay A, Zhang X, Dharma S, Mishra A, Liu Y. CD47 deficiency does not impede polymorphonuclear neutrophil transmigration but attenuates granulopoiesis at the postacute stage of colitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012. [PMID: 23203922 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that CD47, an essential cell-surface protein, plays an important role in polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) transmigration across tissue cells and extracellular matrix. In the current study, the role of CD47 in PMN transmigration and infiltration into tissues was further evaluated by investigating the function of CD47(-/-) PMN and inflammatory conditions induced in CD47(-/-) mice. Using in vitro time-course assays, we found that CD47(-/-) PMN exhibited no impediment, but slightly enhanced response to and transmigration toward, the chemoattractant fMLF. In vivo analysis in CD47(-/-) mice by inducing acute peritonitis and aggressive colitis observed consistent results, indicating that both PMN and monocytes effectively infiltrated inflammatory sites despite the absence of CD47 on these leukocytes or the surrounding tissue cells. Although PMN transmigration was not delayed in CD47(-/-) mice, fewer PMN were found in the intestine at the postacute/chronic stage of chronic colitis induced with sustained low-dose dextran sulfate sodium. Further analysis suggested that the paucity of PMN accumulation was attributable to attenuated granulopoiesis secondary to assessed lower levels of IL-17. Administration of exogenous IL-17A markedly increased PMN availability and rapidly rendered severe colitis in CD47(-/-) mice under dextran sulfate sodium treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Bian
- Program of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Department of Biology, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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46
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van Beek E, Zarate J, van Bruggen R, Schornagel K, Tool A, Matozaki T, Kraal G, Roos D, van den Berg T. SIRPα Controls the Activity of the Phagocyte NADPH Oxidase by Restricting the Expression of gp91phox. Cell Rep 2012; 2:748-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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47
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Per-Arne O. Role of CD47 and Signal Regulatory Protein Alpha (SIRPα) in Regulating the Clearance of Viable or Aged Blood Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:315-20. [PMID: 23801922 DOI: 10.1159/000342537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY The ubiquitously expressed cell surface glycoprotein CD47 is expressed by virtually all cells in the host, where it can function to regulate integrin-mediated responses, or constitute an important part of the erythrocyte band 3/Rh multi-protein complex. In addition, CD47 can protect viable cells from being phagocytosed by macrophages or dendritic cells. The latter mechanism is dependent on the interaction between target cell CD47 and SIRPα on the phagocyte. In this context, SIRPα functions to inhibit prophagocytic signaling from Fcγ receptors, complement receptors, and LDL receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1), but not scavenger receptors. The expression level and/or distribution of CD47 may be altered on the surface of apoptotic/senescent cells, rendering the phagocytosis inhibitory function of the CD47/SIRPα interaction reduced or eliminated. Instead, the interaction between these 2 proteins may serve to enhance the binding of apoptotic/senescent target cells to the phagocyte to promote phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oldenborg Per-Arne
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Histology and Cell Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Colak T, Cine N, Bamac B, Kurtas O, Ozbek A, Bicer U, Sunnetci D, Savlı H. Microarray-based gene expression analysis of an animal model for closed head injury. Injury 2012; 43:1264-70. [PMID: 22341557 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in both children and the elderly. Mortality from TBI is said account for 1-2% of all deaths. One-third to one-half of all traumatic deaths is due to head injury. Of those who survive, the majority is left with significant disabilities, including 3% who remain in a vegetative state and only approximately 30% who make a good recovery. Microarray studies and other genomic techniques facilitate the discovery of new targets for the treatment of diseases, which aids in drug development, immunotherapeutics and gene therapy. Gene expression profiling or microarray analysis enables the measurement of thousands of genes in a single RNA sample. METHODS In this study, adult Wistar-albino rats underwent TBI using a trauma device. Brain tissues and blood samples were taken for gene expression at 1, 12 and 48 h post-trauma and were then analysed via microarray. Total RNA was isolated using an RNeasy Mini Kit (QIAGEN-Sample & Assay Technologies, Hilden, Germany) and tested using a 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA). Overall changes in gene expression were evaluated using Agilent Whole Rat Genome 4 × 44 K oligonucleotide arrays and analysed with GeneSpring (GeneSpring 6.1, Silicon Genetics, Redwood City, CA) software. Only genes with a signal-to-noise ratio of above 2 in the experiments were included in the statistical analysis. RESULTS ANOVA (p<0.05) was performed to identify differentially expressed probe sets. Additional filtering (minimum 2-fold change) was applied to extract the most differentially expressed genes based on the study groups (Control vs. 1st hour, Control vs. 12th hour, Control vs. 48th hour). Differentially expressed genes were detected via microarray analysis. A gene interaction-based network investigation of the genes that were identified via traditional microarray data analysis describes a significantly relevant gene network that includes the C1ql2, Cbnl, Sdc1, Bdnf, MMP9, and Cd47 genes, which were differentially expressed compared with the controls. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we will review the current understanding of the genetic susceptibility of TBI with microarrays. Our results highlight the importance of genes that control the response of the brain to injury as well as the suitability of microarrays for identifying specific targets for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Colak
- Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Turkey.
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Azcutia V, Stefanidakis M, Tsuboi N, Mayadas T, Croce KJ, Fukuda D, Aikawa M, Newton G, Luscinskas FW. Endothelial CD47 promotes vascular endothelial-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation and participates in T cell recruitment at sites of inflammation in vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:2553-62. [PMID: 22815286 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
At sites of inflammation, endothelial adhesion molecules bind leukocytes and transmit signals required for transendothelial migration (TEM). We previously reported that adhesive interactions between endothelial cell CD47 and leukocyte signal regulatory protein γ (SIRPγ) regulate human T cell TEM. The role of endothelial CD47 in T cell TEM in vivo, however, has not been explored. In this study, CD47⁻/⁻ mice showed reduced recruitment of blood T cells as well as neutrophils and monocytes in a dermal air pouch model of TNF-α-induced inflammation. Reconstitution of CD47⁻/⁻ mice with wild-type bone marrow cells did not restore leukocyte recruitment to the air pouch, indicating a role for endothelial CD47. The defect in leukocyte TEM in the CD47⁻/⁻ endothelium was corroborated by intravital microscopy of inflamed cremaster muscle microcirculation in bone marrow chimera mice. In an in vitro human system, CD47 on both HUVEC and T cells was required for TEM. Although previous studies showed CD47-dependent signaling required G(αi)-coupled pathways, this was not the case for endothelial CD47 because pertussis toxin, which inactivates G(αi), had no inhibitory effect, whereas G(αi) was required by the T cell for TEM. We next investigated the endothelial CD47-dependent signaling events that accompany leukocyte TEM. Ab-induced cross-linking of CD47 revealed robust actin cytoskeleton reorganization and Src- and Pyk-2-kinase dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of the vascular endothelial-cadherin cytoplasmic tail. This signaling was pertussis toxin insensitive, suggesting that endothelial CD47 signaling is independent of G(αi). These findings suggest that engagement of endothelial CD47 by its ligands triggers outside-in signals in endothelium that facilitate leukocyte TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Azcutia
- Department of Pathology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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van Doorn R, Lopes Pinheiro MA, Kooij G, Lakeman K, van het Hof B, van der Pol SMA, Geerts D, van Horssen J, van der Valk P, van der Kam E, Ronken E, Reijerkerk A, de Vries HE. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 5 mediates the immune quiescence of the human brain endothelial barrier. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:133. [PMID: 22715976 PMCID: PMC3425155 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator FTY720P (Gilenya®) potently reduces relapse rate and lesion activity in the neuroinflammatory disorder multiple sclerosis. Although most of its efficacy has been shown to be related to immunosuppression through the induction of lymphopenia, it has been suggested that a number of its beneficial effects are related to altered endothelial and blood–brain barrier (BBB) functionality. However, to date it remains unknown whether brain endothelial S1P receptors are involved in the maintenance of the function of the BBB thereby mediating immune quiescence of the brain. Here we demonstrate that the brain endothelial receptor S1P5 largely contributes to the maintenance of brain endothelial barrier function. Methods We analyzed the expression of S1P5 in human post-mortem tissues using immunohistochemistry. The function of S1P5 at the BBB was assessed in cultured human brain endothelial cells (ECs) using agonists and lentivirus-mediated knockdown of S1P5. Subsequent analyses of different aspects of the brain EC barrier included the formation of a tight barrier, the expression of BBB proteins and markers of inflammation and monocyte transmigration. Results We show that activation of S1P5 on cultured human brain ECs by a selective agonist elicits enhanced barrier integrity and reduced transendothelial migration of monocytes in vitro. These results were corroborated by genetically silencing S1P5 in brain ECs. Interestingly, functional studies with these cells revealed that S1P5 strongly contributes to brain EC barrier function and underlies the expression of specific BBB endothelial characteristics such as tight junctions and permeability. In addition, S1P5 maintains the immunoquiescent state of brain ECs with low expression levels of leukocyte adhesion molecules and inflammatory chemokines and cytokines through lowering the activation of the transcription factor NFκB. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that S1P5 in brain ECs contributes to optimal barrier formation and maintenance of immune quiescence of the barrier endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben van Doorn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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