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Kwok M, Evans E, Hemmings O, Marknell DeWitt Å, O'Rourke C, Bahnson HT, Lack G, Santos AF. Ara h 2 Peptide Mix Improves the Diagnosis of Peanut Allergy and Is Relevant for Ara h 2-Induced Mast Cell Activation. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:3485-3492.e2. [PMID: 37495080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A precise diagnosis of peanut allergy is extremely important. We identified 4 Ara h 2 peptides that improved Ara h 2-specific IgE (sIgE) diagnostic accuracy. OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic utility of sIgE to the mixture of these peptides and their role in mast cell response to peanut allergens. METHODS sIgE to the peptide mix was determined using ImmunoCAP. Its diagnostic utility was compared with Ara h 2-sIgE and sIgE to the individual peptides. The functional relevance of the peptides was tested on the mast cell activation test using laboratory of allergic diseases 2 cell line and flow cytometry. RESULTS A total of 52 peanut-allergic (PA), 36 peanut-sensitized but tolerant, and 9 nonsensitized nonallergic children were studied. Peptide mix-sIgE improved the diagnostic performance of Ara h 2-sIgE compared with Ara h 2-sIgE alone (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve .92 vs .89, respectively; P = .056). The sensitivity and specificity of Ara h 2-sIgE combined with the peptide mix were 85% and 96%, respectively. sIgE to individual peptides had the highest specificity (91%-96%) but the lowest sensitivity (10%-52%) compared with Ara h 2-sIgE (69% specificity and 87% sensitivity) or with peptide mix-sIgE (82% specificity and 63% sensitivity). Peptide 3 directly induced mast cell activation, and the peptide mix inhibited Ara h 2-induced activation of mast cells sensitized with plasma from Ara h 2-positive PA patients. CONCLUSIONS sIgE to the peptide mix improved the diagnostic performance of Ara h 2-sIgE similarly to sIgE to individual peptides. The peptides interfered with Ara h 2-induced mast cell activation, confirming its relevance in peanut allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Kwok
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Oliver Hemmings
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Henry T Bahnson
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Wash; Immune Tolerance Network, Seattle, Wash
| | - Gideon Lack
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra F Santos
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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Rinaldi DA, Kanagy WK, Kaye HC, Grattan RM, Lucero SR, Pérez MP, Wester MJ, Lidke KA, Wilson BS, Lidke DS. Antigen Geometry Tunes Mast Cell Signaling Through Distinct FcεRI Aggregation and Structural Changes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.04.552060. [PMID: 37609336 PMCID: PMC10441289 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.04.552060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing Fc receptors are critical components of the innate and adaptive immune systems. FcεRI mediates the allergic response via crosslinking of IgE-bound receptors by multivalent antigens. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms that govern the response of FcεRI to specific antigens remain poorly understood. We compared responses induced by two antigens with distinct geometries, high valency DNP-BSA and trivalent DF3, and found unique secretion and receptor phosphorylation profiles that are due to differential recruitment of Lyn and SHIP1. To understand how these two antigens can cause such markedly different outcomes, we used direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) super-resolution imaging combined with Bayesian Grouping of Localizations (BaGoL) analysis to compare the nanoscale characteristics of FcεRI aggregates. DF3 aggregates were found to be smaller and more densely packed than DNP-BSA aggregates. Using lifetime-based Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements, we discovered that FcεRI subunits undergo structural rearrangements upon crosslinking with either antigen, and in response to interaction with monovalent antigen presented on a supported lipid bilayer. The extent of conformational change is positively correlated with signaling efficiency. Finally, we provide evidence for forces in optimizing FcεRI signaling, such that immobilizing DF3 on a rigid surface promoted degranulation while increasing DNP-BSA flexibility lowered degranulation. These results provide a link between the physical attributes of allergens, including size, shape, valency, and flexibility, and FcεRI signaling strength. Thus, the antigen modulates mast cell outcomes by creating unique aggregate geometries that tune FcεRI conformation, phosphorylation and signaling partner recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A. Rinaldi
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - William K. Kanagy
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
- Present address: Department of Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Hannah C. Kaye
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Rachel M. Grattan
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Shayna R. Lucero
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | | | - Michael J. Wester
- Department Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Keith A. Lidke
- Department Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Bridget S. Wilson
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Diane S. Lidke
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
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Schneider L, Rabe KS, Domínguez CM, Niemeyer CM. Hapten-Decorated DNA Nanostructures Decipher the Antigen-Mediated Spatial Organization of Antibodies Involved in Mast Cell Activation. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6719-6730. [PMID: 36990450 PMCID: PMC10100567 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The immunological response of mast cells is controlled by the multivalent binding of antigens to immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies bound to the high-affinity receptor FcεRI on the cell membrane surface. However, the spatial organization of antigen-antibody-receptor complexes at the nanometer scale and the structural constraints involved in the initial events at the cell surface are not yet fully understood. For example, it is unclear what influence the affinity and nanoscale distance between the binding partners involved have on the activation of mast cells to degranulate inflammatory mediators from storage granules. We report the use of DNA origami nanostructures (DON) functionalized with different arrangements of the haptenic 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) ligand to generate multivalent artificial antigens with full control over valency and nanoscale ligand architecture. To investigate the spatial requirements for mast cell activation, the DNP-DON complexes were initially used in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis to study the binding kinetics of isolated IgE under physiological conditions. The most stable binding was observed in a narrow window of approximately 16 nm spacing between haptens. In contrast, affinity studies with FcεRI-linked IgE antibodies on the surface of rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-2H3) indicated virtually no distance-dependent variations in the binding of the differently structured DNP-DON complexes but suggested a supramolecular oligovalent nature of the interaction. Finally, the use of DNP-DON complexes for mast cell activation revealed that antigen-directed tight assembly of antibody-receptor complexes is the critical factor for triggering degranulation, even more critical than ligand valence. Our study emphasizes the significance of DNA nanostructures for the study of fundamental biological processes.
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Smith SA, Chruszcz M, Chapman MD, Pomés A. Human Monoclonal IgE Antibodies-a Major Milestone in Allergy. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2023; 23:53-65. [PMID: 36459330 PMCID: PMC9831959 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-022-01055-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bound to its high affinity receptor on mast cells and basophils, the IgE antibody molecule plays an integral role in the allergic reaction. Through interactions with the allergen, it provides the sensitivity and specificity parameters for cell activation and mediator release that produce allergic symptoms. Advancements in human hybridoma technologies allow for the generation and molecular definition of naturally occurring allergen-specific human IgE monoclonal antibodies. RECENT FINDINGS A high-resolution structure of dust mite allergen Der p 2 in complex with Fab of the human IgE mAb 2F10 was recently determined using X-ray crystallography. The structure reveals the fine molecular details of IgE 2F10 binding its 750 Å2 conformational epitope on Der p 2. This review provides an overview of this major milestone in allergy, the first atomic resolution structure of an authentic human IgE epitope. The molecular insights that IgE epitopes provide will allow for structure-based design approaches to the development of novel diagnostics, antibody therapeutics, and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Smith
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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Tan ZC, Meyer AS. A general model of multivalent binding with ligands of heterotypic subunits and multiple surface receptors. Math Biosci 2021; 342:108714. [PMID: 34637774 PMCID: PMC8612982 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2021.108714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent cell surface receptor binding is a ubiquitous biological phenomenon with functional and therapeutic significance. Predicting the amount of ligand binding for a cell remains an important question in computational biology as it can provide great insight into cell-to-cell communication and rational drug design toward specific targets. In this study, we extend a mechanistic, two-step multivalent binding model. This model predicts the behavior of a mixture of different multivalent ligand complexes binding to cells expressing various types of receptors. It accounts for the combinatorially large number of interactions between multiple ligands and receptors, optionally allowing a mixture of complexes with different valencies and complexes that contain heterogeneous ligand units. We derive the macroscopic predictions and demonstrate how this model enables large-scale predictions on mixture binding and the binding space of a ligand. This model thus provides an elegant and computationally efficient framework for analyzing multivalent binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Cyrillus Tan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
| | - Aaron S Meyer
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States.
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6
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Tesfaye A, Rodríguez‐Nogales A, Benedé S, Fernández TD, Paris JL, Rodriguez MJ, Jiménez‐Sánchez IM, Bogas G, Mayorga C, Torres MJ, Montañez MI. Nanoarchitectures for efficient IgE cross-linking on effector cells to study amoxicillin allergy. Allergy 2021; 76:3183-3193. [PMID: 33784407 PMCID: PMC8518075 DOI: 10.1111/all.14834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amoxicillin (AX) is nowadays the β-lactam that more frequently induces immediate allergic reactions. Nevertheless, diagnosis of AX allergy is occasionally challenging due to risky in vivo tests and non-optimal sensitivity of in vitro tests. AX requires protein haptenation to form multivalent conjugates with increased size to be immunogenic. Knowing adduct structural features for promoting effector cell activation would help to improve in vitro tests. We aimed to identify the optimal structural requirement in specific cellular degranulation to AX using well-precised nanoarchitectures of different lengths. METHOD We constructed eight Bidendron Antigens (BiAns) based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkers of different lengths (600-12,000 Da), end-coupled with polyamidoamine dendrons that were terminally multi-functionalized with amoxicilloyl (AXO). In vitro IgE recognition was studied by competitive radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and antibody-nanoarchitecture complexes by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Their allergenic activity was evaluated using bone marrow-derived mast cells (MCs) passively sensitized with mouse monoclonal IgE against AX and humanized RBL-2H3 cells sensitized with polyclonal antibodies from sera of AX-allergic patients. RESULTS All BiAns were recognized by AX-sIgE. Dose-dependent activation responses were observed in both cellular assays, only with longer structures, containing spacers in the range of PEG 6000-12,000 Da. Consistently, greater proportion of immunocomplexes and number of antibodies per complex for longer BiAns were visualized by TEM. CONCLUSIONS BiAns are valuable platforms to study the mechanism of effector cell activation. These nanomolecular tools have demonstrated the importance of the adduct size to promote effector cell activation in AX allergy, which will impact for improving in vitro diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amene Tesfaye
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology‐BIONANDMálagaSpain
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
| | - Alba Rodríguez‐Nogales
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology‐BIONANDMálagaSpain
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
| | - Sara Benedé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIALCSIC‐UAM)MadridSpain
| | - Tahía D. Fernández
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
- Departamento de Biología Celular Genética y FisiologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - Juan L. Paris
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology‐BIONANDMálagaSpain
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
| | - Maria J. Rodriguez
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology‐BIONANDMálagaSpain
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
| | - Isabel M. Jiménez‐Sánchez
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology‐BIONANDMálagaSpain
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
| | - Gador Bogas
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
- Allergy UnitHospital Regional Universitario de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - Cristobalina Mayorga
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology‐BIONANDMálagaSpain
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
- Allergy UnitHospital Regional Universitario de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - María J. Torres
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology‐BIONANDMálagaSpain
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
- Allergy UnitHospital Regional Universitario de MálagaMálagaSpain
- Departamento de MedicinaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - María I. Montañez
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology‐BIONANDMálagaSpain
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga‐IBIMAMálagaSpain
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Ando T, Kitaura J. Tuning IgE: IgE-Associating Molecules and Their Effects on IgE-Dependent Mast Cell Reactions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071697. [PMID: 34359869 PMCID: PMC8305778 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) drugs and their candidates for humans has endorsed the significance of IgE-dependent pathways in allergic disorders. IgE is distributed locally in the tissues or systemically to confer a sensory mechanism in a domain of adaptive immunity to the otherwise innate type of effector cells, namely, mast cells and basophils. Bound on the high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI, IgE enables fast memory responses against revisiting threats of venoms, parasites, and bacteria. However, the dysregulation of IgE-dependent reactions leads to potentially life-threatening allergic diseases, such as asthma and anaphylaxis. Therefore, reactivity of the IgE sensor is fine-tuned by various IgE-associating molecules. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic basis for how IgE-dependent mast cell activation is regulated by the IgE-associating molecules, including the newly developed therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Ando
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (J.K.); Tel.: +81-3-5802-1591 (T.A. & J.K.)
| | - Jiro Kitaura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Science of Allergy and Inflammation, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (J.K.); Tel.: +81-3-5802-1591 (T.A. & J.K.)
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
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9
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Shi P, Wang Y. Synthetic DNA for Cell-Surface Engineering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11580-11591. [PMID: 33006229 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cell membrane is not only a physical barrier, but also a functional organelle that regulates the communication between a cell and its environment. The ability to functionalize the cell membrane with synthetic molecules or nanostructures would advance cellular functions beyond what evolution has provided. The aim of this Minireview is to introduce recent progress in using synthetic DNA and DNA-based nanostructures for cell-surface engineering. We first introduce chemical conjugation and physical binding methods for monovalent and polyvalent surface engineering. We then introduce the application of these methods for either the promotion or inhibition of cell-environment communication in numerous applications, including the promotion of cell-cell recognition, regulation of intracellular pathways, protection of therapeutic cells, and sensing of the intracellular and extracellular microenvironments. Lastly, we summarize current challenges existing in this area and potential solutions to solve these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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10
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Bachem G, Wamhoff E, Silberreis K, Kim D, Baukmann H, Fuchsberger F, Dernedde J, Rademacher C, Seitz O. Rational Design of a DNA‐Scaffolded High‐Affinity Binder for Langerin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Bachem
- Department of Chemistry Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Eike‐Christian Wamhoff
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Kim Silberreis
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health 13353 Berlin Germany
| | - Dongyoon Kim
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Hannes Baukmann
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Felix Fuchsberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Jens Dernedde
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health 13353 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces 14424 Potsdam Germany
| | - Oliver Seitz
- Department of Chemistry Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 12489 Berlin Germany
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11
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Bachem G, Wamhoff E, Silberreis K, Kim D, Baukmann H, Fuchsberger F, Dernedde J, Rademacher C, Seitz O. Rational Design of a DNA-Scaffolded High-Affinity Binder for Langerin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21016-21022. [PMID: 32749019 PMCID: PMC7693190 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Binders of langerin could target vaccines to Langerhans cells for improved therapeutic effect. Since langerin has low affinity for monovalent glycan ligands, highly multivalent presentation has previously been key for targeting. Aiming to reduce the amount of ligand required, we rationally designed molecularly defined high-affinity binders based on the precise display of glycomimetic ligands (Glc2NTs) on DNA-PNA scaffolds. Rather than mimicking langerin's homotrimeric structure with a C3-symmetric scaffold, we developed readily accessible, easy-to-design bivalent binders. The method considers the requirements for bridging sugar binding sites and statistical rebinding as a means to both strengthen the interactions at single binding sites and amplify the avidity enhancement provided by chelation. This gave a 1150-fold net improvement over the affinity of the free ligand and provided a nanomolar binder (IC50 =300 nM) for specific internalization by langerin-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Bachem
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin12489BerlinGermany
| | - Eike‐Christian Wamhoff
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces14424PotsdamGermany
| | - Kim Silberreis
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and PathobiochemistryCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health13353BerlinGermany
| | - Dongyoon Kim
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces14424PotsdamGermany
| | - Hannes Baukmann
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces14424PotsdamGermany
| | - Felix Fuchsberger
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces14424PotsdamGermany
| | - Jens Dernedde
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and PathobiochemistryCharité-Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health13353BerlinGermany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces14424PotsdamGermany
| | - Oliver Seitz
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin12489BerlinGermany
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12
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Sun X, Liu H. Nucleic Acid Nanostructure Assisted Immune Modulation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2765-2778. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
- Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
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13
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Yeldell SB, Seitz O. Nucleic acid constructs for the interrogation of multivalent protein interactions. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6848-6865. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00518e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-programmed self-assembly provides multivalent nucleic acid–ligand constructs used as tailor-made probes for unravelling and exploiting the mechanisms of multivalency-enhanced interactions on protein receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean B. Yeldell
- Department of Chemistry
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Brook-Taylor-Str. 2
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Oliver Seitz
- Department of Chemistry
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Brook-Taylor-Str. 2
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
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14
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Bucaite G, Kang-Pettinger T, Moreira J, Gould HJ, James LK, Sutton BJ, McDonnell JM. Interplay between Affinity and Valency in Effector Cell Degranulation: A Model System with Polcalcin Allergens and Human Patient-Derived IgE Antibodies. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1693-1700. [PMID: 31462504 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An allergic reaction is rapidly generated when allergens bind and cross-link IgE bound to its receptor FcεRI on effector cells, resulting in cell degranulation and release of proinflammatory mediators. The extent of effector cell activation is linked to allergen affinity, oligomeric state, valency, and spacing of IgE-binding epitopes on the allergen. Whereas most of these observations come from studies using synthetic allergens, in this study we have used Timothy grass pollen allergen Phl p 7 and birch pollen allergen Bet v 4 to study these effects. Despite the high homology of these polcalcin family allergens, Phl p 7 and Bet v 4 display different binding characteristics toward two human patient-derived polcalcin-specific IgE Abs. We have used native polcalcin dimers and engineered multimeric allergens to test the effects of affinity and oligomeric state on IgE binding and effector cell activation. Our results indicate that polcalcin multimers are required to stimulate high levels of effector cell degranulation when using the humanized RBL-SX38 cell model and that multivalency can overcome the need for high-affinity interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gintare Bucaite
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.,Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Tara Kang-Pettinger
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.,Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jorge Moreira
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.,Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah J Gould
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.,Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Louisa K James
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.,Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.,Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Brian J Sutton
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.,Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - James M McDonnell
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; .,Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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15
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Barbero N, Fernández‐Santamaría R, Mayorga C, Martin‐Serrano Á, Salas M, Bogas G, Nájera F, Pérez‐Sala D, Pérez‐Inestrosa E, Fernandez TD, Montañez MI, Torres MJ. Identification of an antigenic determinant of clavulanic acid responsible for IgE-mediated reactions. Allergy 2019; 74:1490-1501. [PMID: 30829415 DOI: 10.1111/all.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective reactions to clavulanic acid (CLV) account for around 30% of immediate reactions after administration of amoxicillin-CLV. Currently, no immunoassay is available for detecting specific IgE to CLV, and its specific recognition in patients with immediate reactions has only been demonstrated by basophil activation testing, however with suboptimal sensitivity. The lack of knowledge regarding the structure of the drug that remains bound to proteins (antigenic determinant) is hampering the development of in vitro diagnostics. We aimed to identify the antigenic determinants of CLV as well as to evaluate their specific IgE recognition and potential role for diagnosis. METHODS Based on complex CLV degradation mechanisms, we hypothesized the formation of two antigenic determinants for CLV, AD-I (N-protein, 3-oxopropanamide) and AD-II (N-protein, 3-aminopropanamide), and designed different synthetic analogs to each one. IgE recognition of these structures was evaluated in basophils from patients with selective reactions to CLV and tolerant subjects. In parallel, the CLV fragments bound to proteins were identified by proteomic approaches. RESULTS Two synthetic analogs of AD-I were found to activate basophils from allergic patients. This determinant was also detected bound to lysines 195 and 475 of CLV-treated human serum albumin. One of these analogs was able to activate basophils in 59% of patients whereas CLV only in 41%. Combining both results led to an increase in basophil activation in 69% of patients, and only in 12% of controls. CONCLUSION We have identified AD-I as one CLV antigenic determinant, which is the drug fragment that remains protein-bound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nekane Barbero
- Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology – BIONANDMálaga Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry IBIMAUniversity of Málaga Málaga Spain
| | | | - Cristobalina Mayorga
- Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology – BIONANDMálaga Spain
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigacion Biomédica de Malaga‐IBIMA Málaga Spain
- Allergy UnitHospital Regional Universitario de Malaga Málaga Spain
| | - Ángela Martin‐Serrano
- Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology – BIONANDMálaga Spain
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigacion Biomédica de Malaga‐IBIMA Málaga Spain
| | - María Salas
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigacion Biomédica de Malaga‐IBIMA Málaga Spain
- Allergy UnitHospital Regional Universitario de Malaga Málaga Spain
| | - Gador Bogas
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigacion Biomédica de Malaga‐IBIMA Málaga Spain
- Allergy UnitHospital Regional Universitario de Malaga Málaga Spain
| | - Francisco Nájera
- Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology – BIONANDMálaga Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry IBIMAUniversity of Málaga Málaga Spain
| | | | - Ezequiel Pérez‐Inestrosa
- Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology – BIONANDMálaga Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry IBIMAUniversity of Málaga Málaga Spain
| | - Tahia D. Fernandez
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigacion Biomédica de Malaga‐IBIMA Málaga Spain
| | - María I. Montañez
- Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology – BIONANDMálaga Spain
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigacion Biomédica de Malaga‐IBIMA Málaga Spain
| | - María J. Torres
- Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology – BIONANDMálaga Spain
- Allergy Research GroupInstituto de Investigacion Biomédica de Malaga‐IBIMA Málaga Spain
- Allergy UnitHospital Regional Universitario de Malaga Málaga Spain
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16
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Seitz O. Templated chemistry for bioorganic synthesis and chemical biology. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3198. [PMID: 31309674 PMCID: PMC6771651 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In light of the 2018 Max Bergmann Medal, this review discusses advancements on chemical biology-driven templated chemistry developed in the author's laboratories. The focused review introduces the template categories applied to orient functional units such as functional groups, chromophores, biomolecules, or ligands in space. Unimolecular templates applied in protein synthesis facilitate fragment coupling of unprotected peptides. Templating via bimolecular assemblies provides control over proximity relationships between functional units of two molecules. As an instructive example, the coiled coil peptide-templated labelling of receptor proteins on live cells will be shown. Termolecular assemblies provide the opportunity to put the proximity of functional units on two (bio)molecules under the control of a third party molecule. This allows the design of conditional bimolecular reactions. A notable example is DNA/RNA-triggered peptide synthesis. The last section shows how termolecular and multimolecular assemblies can be used to better characterize and understand multivalent protein-ligand interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Seitz
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt University BerlinBerlinGermany
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17
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Felce JH, Sezgin E, Wane M, Brouwer H, Dustin ML, Eggeling C, Davis SJ. CD45 exclusion- and cross-linking-based receptor signaling together broaden FcεRI reactivity. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/561/eaat0756. [PMID: 30563863 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aat0756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
For many years, the high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (IgE) FcεRI, which is expressed by mast cells and basophils, has been widely held to be the exemplar of cross-linking (that is, aggregation dependent) signaling receptors. We found, however, that FcεRI signaling could occur in the presence or absence of receptor cross-linking. Using both cell and cell-free systems, we showed that FcεRI signaling was stimulated by surface-associated monovalent ligands through the passive, size-dependent exclusion of the receptor-type tyrosine phosphatase CD45 from plasma membrane regions of FcεRI-ligand engagement. Similarly to the T cell receptor, FcεRI signaling could also be initiated in a ligand-independent manner. These data suggest that a simple mechanism of CD45 exclusion-based receptor triggering could function together with cross-linking-based FcεRI signaling, broadening mast cell and basophil reactivity by enabling these cells to respond to both multivalent and surface-presented monovalent antigens. These findings also strengthen the case that a size-dependent, phosphatase exclusion-based receptor triggering mechanism might serve generally to facilitate signaling by noncatalytic immune receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Felce
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.,Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Madina Wane
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.,Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Heather Brouwer
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.,Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK.
| | - Christian Eggeling
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Simon J Davis
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK. .,Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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18
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Molina N, Martin-Serrano A, Fernandez TD, Tesfaye A, Najera F, Torres MJ, Mayorga C, Vida Y, Montañez MI, Perez-Inestrosa E. Dendrimeric Antigens for Drug Allergy Diagnosis: A New Approach for Basophil Activation Tests. Molecules 2018; 23:E997. [PMID: 29695102 PMCID: PMC6100007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23050997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimeric Antigens (DeAns) consist of dendrimers decorated with multiple units of drug antigenic determinants. These conjugates have been shown to be a powerful tool for diagnosing penicillin allergy using in vitro immunoassays, in which they are recognized by specific IgE from allergic patients. Here we propose a new diagnostic approach using DeAns in cellular tests, in which recognition occurs through IgE bound to the basophil surface. Both IgE molecular recognition and subsequent cell activation may be influenced by the tridimensional architecture and size of the immunogens. Structural features of benzylpenicilloyl-DeAn and amoxicilloyl-DeAn (G2 and G4 PAMAM) were studied by diffusion Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments and are discussed in relation to molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) observations. IgE recognition was clinically evaluated using the basophil activation test (BAT) for allergic patients and tolerant subjects. Diffusion NMR experiments, MDS and cellular studies provide evidence that the size of the DeAn, its antigen composition and tridimensional distribution play key roles in IgE-antigen recognition at the effector cell surface. These results indicate that the fourth generation DeAns induce a higher level of basophil activation in allergic patients. This approach can be considered as a potential complementary diagnostic method for evaluating penicillin allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Molina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Angela Martin-Serrano
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590 Málaga, Spain.
- Research Laboratory, IBIMA-Regional University Hospital of Málaga-UMA, 29009 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Tahia D Fernandez
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590 Málaga, Spain.
- Research Laboratory, IBIMA-Regional University Hospital of Málaga-UMA, 29009 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Amene Tesfaye
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590 Málaga, Spain.
- Research Laboratory, IBIMA-Regional University Hospital of Málaga-UMA, 29009 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Francisco Najera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590 Málaga, Spain.
| | - María J Torres
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590 Málaga, Spain.
- Allergy Unit, IBIMA-Regional University Hospital of Málaga-UMA, 29009 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Cristobalina Mayorga
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590 Málaga, Spain.
- Research Laboratory, IBIMA-Regional University Hospital of Málaga-UMA, 29009 Málaga, Spain.
- Allergy Unit, IBIMA-Regional University Hospital of Málaga-UMA, 29009 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Vida
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Maria I Montañez
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590 Málaga, Spain.
- Research Laboratory, IBIMA-Regional University Hospital of Málaga-UMA, 29009 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Ezequiel Perez-Inestrosa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, 29590 Málaga, Spain.
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19
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Bandlow V, Liese S, Lauster D, Ludwig K, Netz RR, Herrmann A, Seitz O. Spatial Screening of Hemagglutinin on Influenza A Virus Particles: Sialyl-LacNAc Displays on DNA and PEG Scaffolds Reveal the Requirements for Bivalency Enhanced Interactions with Weak Monovalent Binders. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16389-16397. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Bandlow
- Institute
of Chemistry, and ‡Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, and ∥Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Susanne Liese
- Institute
of Chemistry, and ‡Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, and ∥Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Daniel Lauster
- Institute
of Chemistry, and ‡Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, and ∥Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Kai Ludwig
- Institute
of Chemistry, and ‡Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, and ∥Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Roland R. Netz
- Institute
of Chemistry, and ‡Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, and ∥Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Institute
of Chemistry, and ‡Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, and ∥Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Oliver Seitz
- Institute
of Chemistry, and ‡Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, and ∥Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
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20
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Rodriguez MJ, Mascaraque A, Ramos-Soriano J, Torres MJ, Perkins JR, Gomez F, Garrido-Arandia M, Cubells-Baeza N, Andreu D, Diaz-Perales A, Rojo J, Mayorga C. Pru p 3-Epitope-based sublingual immunotherapy in a murine model for the treatment of peach allergy. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Rodriguez
- Research Laboratory; IBIMA; Regional University Hospital of Malaga; UMA; Malaga Spain
| | - Ainhoa Mascaraque
- Glycosystems Laboratory; Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla; Sevilla Spain
| | - Javier Ramos-Soriano
- Glycosystems Laboratory; Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla; Sevilla Spain
| | - Maria J. Torres
- Allergy Unit; IBIMA; Regional University Hospital of Malaga; UMA; Malaga Spain
| | - James R. Perkins
- Research Laboratory; IBIMA; Regional University Hospital of Malaga; UMA; Malaga Spain
| | - Francisca Gomez
- Allergy Unit; IBIMA; Regional University Hospital of Malaga; UMA; Malaga Spain
| | | | | | - David Andreu
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems Laboratory; Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla; Sevilla Spain
| | - Cristobalina Mayorga
- Research Laboratory; IBIMA; Regional University Hospital of Malaga; UMA; Malaga Spain
- Allergy Unit; IBIMA; Regional University Hospital of Malaga; UMA; Malaga Spain
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21
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Marczynke M, Gröger K, Seitz O. Selective Binders of the Tandem Src Homology 2 Domains in Syk and Zap70 Protein Kinases by DNA-Programmed Spatial Screening. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2384-2392. [PMID: 28767218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Syk family of tyrosine kinases arrange Src homology 2 (SH2) domains in tandem to allow the firm binding of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based interaction motifs (ITAMs). While the advantages provided by the bivalency enhanced interactions are evident, the impact on binding specificity is less-clear. For example, the spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and the ζ-chain-associated protein kinase (ZAP-70) recognize the consensus sequence pYXXI/L(X)6-8 pYXXI/L with near-identical nanomolar affinity. The nondiscriminatory recognition, on the one hand, poses a specificity challenge for the design of subtype selective protein binders and, on the other hand, raises the question as to how differential activation of Syk and ZAP-70 is ensured when both kinases are co-expressed. Herein, we identified the criteria for the design of binders that specifically address either the Syk or the Zap-70 tSH2 domain. Our approach is based on DNA-programmed spatial screening. Tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides containing the pYXXI/L motif were attached to oligonucleotides and aligned in tandem on a DNA template by means of nucleic acid hybridization. The distance between the pYXXI/L motifs and the orientation of strands were varied. The exploration exposed remarkably different recognition characteristics. While Syk tSH2 has a rather broad substrate scope, ZAP-70 tSH2 required a proximal arrangement of the phosphotyrosine ligands in defined strand orientation. The spatial screen led to the design of mutually selective, DNA-free binders, which discriminate Zap-70 and Syk tSH2 by 1 order of magnitude in affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Marczynke
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Gröger
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Seitz
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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22
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Kuang Y, Liang S, Ma F, Chen S, Long Y, Zeng R. Silver nanoclusters stabilized with denatured fish sperm DNA and the application on trace mercury ions detection. LUMINESCENCE 2016; 32:674-679. [PMID: 27891763 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, fluorescent silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) were synthesized using denatured fish sperm DNA as the template. In contrast to other methods, this method did not use artificial DNA as the template. After their reaction with denatured fish sperm DNA, Ag+ ions were reduced by NaBH4 to form Ag NCs. The Ag NCs showed a strong fluorescence emission at 650 nm when excited at 585 nm. The fluorescence intensity increased fourfold at pH 3.78, controlled with Britton-Robinson buffer solution. The fluorescence of the Ag NCs was quenched in the presence of trace mercury ions (Hg2+ ) in a weakly acidic medium and nitrogen atmosphere. The extent of the fluorescence quenching of Ag NCs strongly depends on the Hg2+ ion concentration over a linear range from 2.0 nmol L-1 to 3.0 μmol L-1 . The detection limit (3σ/k) for Hg2+ was 0.7 nmol L-1 . Thus, a sensitive and rapid method was developed for the detection of Hg2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfang Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Long
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, People's Republic of China
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23
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A sensitive spectrofluorometric method for detection of berberine hydrochloride using Ag nanoclusters directed by natural fish sperm DNA. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:758-763. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Angelin A, Weigel S, Garrecht R, Meyer R, Bauer J, Kumar RK, Hirtz M, Niemeyer CM. Multiscale Origami Structures as Interface for Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Angelin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz, 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen (Germany)
| | - Simone Weigel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz, 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen (Germany)
| | - Ruben Garrecht
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz, 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen (Germany)
| | - Rebecca Meyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz, 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen (Germany)
| | - Jens Bauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz, 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen (Germany)
| | - Ravi Kapoor Kumar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nanotechnology (INT) & Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz, 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen (Germany)
| | - Michael Hirtz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nanotechnology (INT) & Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz, 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen (Germany)
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz, 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen (Germany)
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Angelin A, Weigel S, Garrecht R, Meyer R, Bauer J, Kumar RK, Hirtz M, Niemeyer CM. Multiscale Origami Structures as Interface for Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15813-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Angelin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz, 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen (Germany)
| | - Simone Weigel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz, 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen (Germany)
| | - Ruben Garrecht
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz, 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen (Germany)
| | - Rebecca Meyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz, 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen (Germany)
| | - Jens Bauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz, 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen (Germany)
| | - Ravi Kapoor Kumar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nanotechnology (INT) & Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz, 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen (Germany)
| | - Michael Hirtz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nanotechnology (INT) & Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz, 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen (Germany)
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz, 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen (Germany)
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Varner CT, Rosen T, Martin JT, Kane RS. Recent advances in engineering polyvalent biological interactions. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:43-55. [PMID: 25426695 PMCID: PMC4294584 DOI: 10.1021/bm5014469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyvalent interactions, where multiple ligands and receptors interact simultaneously, are ubiquitous in nature. Synthetic polyvalent molecules, therefore, have the ability to affect biological processes ranging from protein-ligand binding to cellular signaling. In this review, we discuss recent advances in polyvalent scaffold design and applications. First, we will describe recent developments in the engineering of polyvalent scaffolds based on biomolecules and novel materials. Then, we will illustrate how polyvalent molecules are finding applications as toxin and pathogen inhibitors, targeting molecules, immune response modulators, and cellular effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad T. Varner
- The Howard P. Isermann Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Tania Rosen
- The Howard P. Isermann Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Jacob T. Martin
- The Howard P. Isermann Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Ravi S. Kane
- The Howard P. Isermann Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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Suzuki R, Scheffel J, Rivera J. New insights on the signaling and function of the high-affinity receptor for IgE. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2015; 388:63-90. [PMID: 25553795 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-13725-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Clustering of the high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (FcεRI) through the interaction of receptor-bound immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies with their cognate antigen is required to couple IgE antibody production to cellular responses and physiological consequences. IgE-induced responses through FcεRI are well known to defend the host against certain infectious agents and to lead to unwanted allergic responses to normally innocuous substances. However, the cellular and/or physiological response of individuals that produce IgE antibodies may be markedly different and such antibodies (even to the same antigenic epitope) can differ in their antigen-binding affinity. How affinity variation in the interaction of FcεRI-bound IgE antibodies with antigen is interpreted into cellular responses and how the local environment may influence these responses is of interest. In this chapter, we focus on recent advances that begin to unravel how FcεRI distinguishes differences in the affinity of IgE-antigen interactions and how such discrimination along with surrounding environmental stimuli can shape the (patho) physiological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Suzuki
- Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenetics, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Abstract
Our long-term efforts to elucidate receptor-mediated signalling in immune cells, particularly transmembrane signalling initiated by FcɛRI, the receptor for IgE in mast cells, led us unavoidably to contemplate the role of the heterogeneous plasma membrane. Our early investigations with fluorescence microscopy revealed co-redistribution of certain lipids and signalling components with antigen-cross-linked IgE-FcɛRI and pointed to participation of ordered membrane domains in the signalling process. With a focus on this function, we have worked along with others to develop diverse and increasingly sophisticated tools to analyse the complexity of membrane structure that facilitates regulation and targeting of signalling events. The present chapter describes how initial membrane interactions of clustered IgE-FcɛRI lead to downstream cellular responses and how biochemical information integrated with nanoscale resolution spectroscopy and imaging is providing mechanistic insights at the level of molecular complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Holowka
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
| | - Barbara Baird
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
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Levin M, Davies AM, Liljekvist M, Carlsson F, Gould HJ, Sutton BJ, Ohlin M. Human IgE against the major allergen Bet v 1--defining an epitope with limited cross-reactivity between different PR-10 family proteins. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 44:288-99. [PMID: 24447087 PMCID: PMC4215112 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The interaction between IgE and allergen is a key event at the initiation of an allergic response, and its characteristics have substantial effects on the clinical manifestation. Despite this, the molecular details of the interaction between human IgE and the major birch allergen Bet v 1, one of the most potent tree allergens, still remain poorly investigated. Objective To isolate Bet v 1-specific human monoclonal IgE and characterize their interaction with the allergen. Methods Recombinant human IgE were isolated from a combinatorial antibody fragment library and their interaction with Bet v 1 assessed using various immunological assays. The structure of one such IgE in the single-chain fragment variable format was determined using X-ray crystallography. Results We present four novel Bet v 1-specific IgE, for one of which we solve the structure, all with their genetic origin in the IGHV5 germline gene, and demonstrate that they target two non-overlapping epitopes on the surface of Bet v 1, thereby fulfilling the basic criteria for FcεRI cross-linkage. We further define these epitopes and for one epitope pinpoint single amino acid residues important for the interaction with human IgE. This provides a potential explanation, at the molecular level, for the differences in recognition of isoforms of Bet v 1 and other allergens in the PR-10 protein family displayed by IgE targeting this epitope. Finally, we present the first high-resolution structure of a human allergen-specific IgE fragment in the single-chain fragment variable (scFv) format. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance We here display the usefulness of allergen-specific human monoclonal IgE as a tool in studies of the crucial molecular interaction taking place at the initiation of an allergic response. Such studies may aid us in development of better diagnostic tools and guide us in the development of new therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Levin
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Chylek LA, Holowka DA, Baird BA, Hlavacek WS. An Interaction Library for the FcεRI Signaling Network. Front Immunol 2014; 5:172. [PMID: 24782869 PMCID: PMC3995055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen receptors play a central role in adaptive immune responses. Although the molecular networks associated with these receptors have been extensively studied, we currently lack a systems-level understanding of how combinations of non-covalent interactions and post-translational modifications are regulated during signaling to impact cellular decision-making. To fill this knowledge gap, it will be necessary to formalize and piece together information about individual molecular mechanisms to form large-scale computational models of signaling networks. To this end, we have developed an interaction library for signaling by the high-affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI. The library consists of executable rules for protein–protein and protein–lipid interactions. This library extends earlier models for FcεRI signaling and introduces new interactions that have not previously been considered in a model. Thus, this interaction library is a toolkit with which existing models can be expanded and from which new models can be built. As an example, we present models of branching pathways from the adaptor protein Lat, which influence production of the phospholipid PIP3 at the plasma membrane and the soluble second messenger IP3. We find that inclusion of a positive feedback loop gives rise to a bistable switch, which may ensure robust responses to stimulation above a threshold level. In addition, the library is visualized to facilitate understanding of network circuitry and identification of network motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily A Chylek
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY , USA ; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Division, Center for Non-linear Studies , Los Alamos, NM , USA
| | - David A Holowka
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY , USA
| | - Barbara A Baird
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY , USA
| | - William S Hlavacek
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Division, Center for Non-linear Studies , Los Alamos, NM , USA
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31
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Janssen BMG, Lempens EHM, Olijve LLC, Voets IK, van Dongen JLJ, de Greef TFA, Merkx M. Reversible blocking of antibodies using bivalent peptide–DNA conjugates allows protease-activatable targeting. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc22033h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Bax HJ, Keeble AH, Gould HJ. Cytokinergic IgE Action in Mast Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2012; 3:229. [PMID: 22888332 PMCID: PMC3412263 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Some 10 years ago it emerged that at sufficiently high concentrations certain monoclonal mouse IgEs exert previously unsuspected effects on mast cells. Thus they can both promote survival and induce activation of mast cells without the requirement for antigens. This was a wake up call that appears to have been missed (or dismissed) by the majority of immunologists. The structural attributes responsible for the potency of the so-called “highly cytokinergic” or HC IgEs have not yet been determined, but the events that ensue when such IgEs bind to the high-affinity receptor, FcεRI, on mast cells have been thoroughly studied, and are strikingly similar to those engendered by antigens when they form cross-linked complexes with the receptors. We review the evidence for the cytokinergic activity of IgE, and the structural features and known properties of immunoglobulins, and of IgE in particular, most likely to be implicated in the phenomenon. We suggest that IgEs with cytokinergic activity may be generated by local germinal center reactions in the target organs of allergy. We consider also the important implications that the existence of cytokinergic IgE may have for a fuller understanding of adaptive immunity and of the action of IgE in asthma and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Bax
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London London, UK
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Hunt J, Keeble AH, Dale RE, Corbett MK, Beavil RL, Levitt J, Swann MJ, Suhling K, Ameer-Beg S, Sutton BJ, Beavil AJ. A fluorescent biosensor reveals conformational changes in human immunoglobulin E Fc: implications for mechanisms of receptor binding, inhibition, and allergen recognition. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:17459-17470. [PMID: 22442150 PMCID: PMC3366799 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.331967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
IgE binding to its high affinity receptor FcεRI on mast cells and basophils is a key step in the mechanism of allergic disease and a target for therapeutic intervention. Early indications that IgE adopts a bent structure in solution have been confirmed by recent x-ray crystallographic studies of IgEFc, which further showed that the bend, contrary to expectation, is enhanced in the crystal structure of the complex with receptor. To investigate the structure of IgEFc and its conformational changes that accompany receptor binding in solution, we created a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor using biologically encoded fluorescent proteins fused to the N- and C-terminal IgEFc domains (Cε2 and Cε4, respectively) together with the theoretical basis for quantitating its behavior. This revealed not only that the IgEFc exists in a bent conformation in solution but also that the bend is indeed enhanced upon FcεRI binding. No change in the degree of bending was seen upon binding to the B cell receptor for IgE, CD23 (FcεRII), but in contrast, binding of the anti-IgE therapeutic antibody omalizumab decreases the extent of the bend, implying a conformational change that opposes FcεRI engagement. HomoFRET measurements further revealed that the (Cε2)(2) and (Cε4)(2) domain pairs behave as rigid units flanking the conformational change in the Cε3 domains. Finally, modeling of the accessible conformations of the two Fab arms in FcεRI-bound IgE revealed a mutual exclusion not seen in IgG and Fab orientations relative to the membrane that may predispose receptor-bound IgE to cross-linking by allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Hunt
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL; The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL; The Division of Asthma Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL
| | - Anthony H Keeble
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL; The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL; The Division of Asthma Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL
| | - Robert E Dale
- The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL
| | - Melissa K Corbett
- The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL
| | - Rebecca L Beavil
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL; The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL; The Division of Asthma Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL
| | - James Levitt
- The Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS
| | - Marcus J Swann
- Farfield Group Limited, Voyager, Chicago Avenue, Manchester Airport, Manchester, M90 3DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Suhling
- The Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS
| | - Simon Ameer-Beg
- The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL
| | - Brian J Sutton
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL; The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL
| | - Andrew J Beavil
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL; The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL; The Division of Asthma Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL.
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Gordon K, Sannigrahi B, Mcgeady P, Wang XQ, Mendenhall J, Khan IM. Synthesis of Optically Active Helical Poly(2-methoxystyrene). Enhancement of HeLa and Osteoblast Cell Growth on Optically Active Helical Poly(2-methoxystyrene) Surfaces. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 20:2055-72. [DOI: 10.1163/156856208x399116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Gordon
- a Department of Chemistry, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Drive, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA; NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA
| | - Biswajit Sannigrahi
- b Department of Chemistry, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Drive, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Paul Mcgeady
- c Department of Chemistry, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Drive, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - X. Q. Wang
- d Department of Physics, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Drive, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Juana Mendenhall
- e Department of Chemistry, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Drive, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Ishrat M. Khan
- f Department of Chemistry, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Drive, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
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Calenoff E. Interplaying factors that effect multiple sclerosis causation and sustenance. ISRN NEUROLOGY 2012; 2012:851541. [PMID: 22462023 PMCID: PMC3302019 DOI: 10.5402/2012/851541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The author hypothesized that multiple sclerosis (MS) is a humoral autoimmune disease, caused by faulty interplay between myelin-specific, dimeric IgE, specifically competing non-IgE antibodies and IgE-triggered degranulating mast cells. The principal fault was believed to be insufficient quantity of protective, specific non-IgE antibodies. Also conjectured was the possibility of an unexpected and adverse immune suppression caused by none-MS pharmaceuticals being consumed by patients for their MS or for other conditions. To test both hypotheses, a mimotopic, peptide antigen-based, serum immunoassay was developed to measure dimer-bound IgE excess among MS patients, wherein the IgE specifically complexes with two or more myelin surface epitopes at an interval of 40–100 Angstroms, a separation critical for mast cell degranulation and cell damaging effect. MS test sensitivity and specificity, when analyzing five previously untreated patients for dimeric IgE presence, was 100%. In direct comparison, twenty age- and gender-matched female and male control subjects were test negative. Analysis of 35 multiple sclerosis patients, who were concomitantly being treated with potentially immunosuppressive pharmaceuticals, appeared to show the substances' negative effect upon MS causation, progression, or specific immunoassay performance. Therefore, MS is likely an autoimmune disease caused by IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation possibly in conjunction with immunosuppressive agents.
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Deng Z, Weng IC, Li JR, Chen HY, Liu FT, Liu GY. Engineered nanostructures of antigen provide an effective means for regulating mast cell activation. ACS NANO 2011; 5:8672-83. [PMID: 21999491 PMCID: PMC3228856 DOI: 10.1021/nn202510n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures containing 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) as antigen were designed and produced to investigate antibody-mediated activation of mast cells. The design consists of nanogrids of DNP termini inlaid in alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Using scanning probe-based nanografting, nanometer precision was attained for designed geometry, size, and periodicity. Rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells exhibited high sensitivity to the geometry and local environment of DNP presented on these nanostructures. The impact included cellular adherence, spreading, membrane morphology, cytoskeleton structure, and activation. The highest level of spreading and activation was induced by nanogrids of 17 nm line width and 40 nm periodicity, with DNP haptens 1.4 nm above the surroundings. The high efficacy is attributed to two main factors. First, DNP sites in the nanostructure are highly accessible by anti-DNP IgE during recognition. Second, the arrangement or geometry of DNP termini in nanostructures promotes clustering of FcεRI receptors that are prelinked to IgE. The clustering effectively initiates Lyn-mediated signaling cascades, ultimately leading to the degranulation of RBL cells. This work demonstrates an important concept: that nanostructures of ligands provide new and effective cues for directing cellular signaling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - I-Chun Weng
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Sacramento, University of California at Davis, CA 95817
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jie-Ren Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Huan-Yuan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Sacramento, University of California at Davis, CA 95817
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Sacramento, University of California at Davis, CA 95817
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, ROC
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: Phone: (530) 754-9678: Fax: (530) 754-8557
| | - Gang-yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: Phone: (530) 754-9678: Fax: (530) 754-8557
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Spatio-temporal signaling in mast cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 716:91-106. [PMID: 21713653 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9533-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This chapter summarizes the evidence for localized signaling domains in mast cells and basophils, with a particular focus on the high affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI and its crosstalk with other membrane proteins. It is noteworthy that a literature spanning 30 years established the FcεRI as a model receptor for studying activation-induced changes in receptor diffusion and lipid raft association. Now a combination of high resolution microscopy methods, including immunoelectron microscopy and sophisticated fluorescence-based techniques, provide new insight into the nanoscale spatial and temporal aspects of receptor topography on the mast cell plasma membrane. Physical crosslinking of FcεRI with multivalent ligands leads to formation of IgE receptor clusters, termed "signaling patches," that recruit downstream signaling molecules. However, classes of receptors that engage solely withmono valent ligands can also form distinctive signaling patches. The dynamic relationships between receptor diffusion, aggregation state, clustering, signal initiation and signal strength are discussed in the context of these recent findings.
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Huang YF, Liu H, Xiong X, Chen Y, Tan W. Nanoparticle-mediated IgE-receptor aggregation and signaling in RBL mast cells. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:17328-34. [PMID: 19929020 PMCID: PMC2786779 DOI: 10.1021/ja907125t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Complex cell behaviors are usually triggered by multivalent ligands that first bind to membrane receptors and then promote receptor clustering, thus altering intracellular signal transduction. While it is possible to produce such altered signal transduction by synthetic means, the development of chemically defined multivalent ligands of effectors is sometimes difficult and tedious. Specifically, the average spacing between two binding sites within an antibody and the average distance between receptors on the cell membrane are usually larger than most organic molecules. In this study, we directly address these challenges by demonstrating how gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of precisely controlled mean diameters can be easily synthesized and surface-modified with dinitrophenyl (DNP) at an equally well-controlled ligand density or spacing. We found that both nanoparticle size and surface ligand density play key regulatory roles in the process of membrane antibody-receptor (IgE-Fc epsilonRI) binding and cross-linking, which, in turn, leads to degranulation and consequent release of chemical mediators on rat basophilic leukemia cells. In addition, by adjusting DNP-AuNP architecture, we discovered that our conjugates could either promote or inhibit cellular activation. Thus, these results demonstrate that nanoparticles serve not only as simple platforms for multivalent binding but also as mediators for key biological functions. As such, the findings we report here may provide insight into the use of nanoparticles as a comprehensive tool for use in detailed receptor/ligand interaction studies and in the design of nanoscale delivery and therapeutic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fen Huang
- Center for Research at Bio/nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC, 30013
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Center for Research at Bio/nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200
| | - Xiangling Xiong
- Center for Research at Bio/nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200
| | | | - Weihong Tan
- Center for Research at Bio/nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200
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Andrews NL, Pfeiffer JR, Martinez AM, Haaland DM, Davis RW, Kawakami T, Oliver JM, Wilson BS, Lidke DS. Small, mobile FcepsilonRI receptor aggregates are signaling competent. Immunity 2009; 31:469-79. [PMID: 19747859 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2009.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Crosslinking of IgE-bound FcepsilonRI triggers mast cell degranulation. Previous fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and phosphorescent anisotropy studies suggested that FcepsilonRI must immobilize to signal. Here, single quantum dot (QD) tracking and hyperspectral microscopy methods were used for defining the relationship between receptor mobility and signaling. QD-IgE-FcepsilonRI aggregates of at least three receptors remained highly mobile over extended times at low concentrations of antigen that induced Syk kinase activation and near-maximal secretion. Multivalent antigen, presented as DNP-QD, also remained mobile at low doses that supported secretion. FcepsilonRI immobilization was marked at intermediate and high antigen concentrations, correlating with increases in cluster size and rates of receptor internalization. The kinase inhibitor PP2 blocked secretion without affecting immobilization or internalization. We propose that immobility is a feature of highly crosslinked immunoreceptor aggregates and a trigger for receptor internalization, but is not required for tyrosine kinase activation leading to secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Andrews
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research and Treatment Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Abstract
High-affinity ligands recognizing biomolecules with high specificity are crucial for drug discovery and biomolecule detection. We describe here a simple approach to preparing aptamer-based ligands with enhanced binding affinity. In this approach, two aptamer ligands with suboptimal binding properties are covalently linked with a long flexible linker to create a bivalent ligand with significantly improved binding affinity. We first used a simple oligonucleotide-based model, which mimicked the interaction between bivalent ligands and their target molecules, to investigate the principles governing the affinity enhancement. These experiments showed that as long as the individual ligands had at least submicromolar binding affinities, they could be linked with a nanometer-scale flexible linker to produce bivalent ligands with improved binding affinity and specificity. Furthermore, comparison of the experimental data with the bivalent ligand properties predicted by a wormlike chain model showed that this model provided a good approximation of the binding properties of nanometer-scale flexible bivalent ligands. To verify the practicality of bivalent ligands with nanometer-scale flexible linkers, we constructed aptamer-based bivalent ligands for human alpha-thrombin. In agreement with the predictions derived from the model system, the binding affinities and the anticlotting activities of thrombin bivalent ligands were significantly improved compared to those of the individual ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tian
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University Medical School, 1100 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA
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41
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Isolation at physiological temperature of detergent-resistant membranes with properties expected of lipid rafts: the influence of buffer composition. Biochem J 2008; 417:525-33. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20081385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The failure of most non-ionic detergents to release patches of DRM (detergent-resistant membrane) at 37 °C undermines the claim that DRMs consist of lipid nanodomains that exist in an Lo (liquid ordered) phase on the living cell surface. In the present study, we have shown that inclusion of cations (Mg2+, K+) to mimic the intracellular environment stabilizes membranes during solubilization sufficiently to allow the isolation of DRMs at 37 °C, using either Triton X-100 or Brij 96. These DRMs are sensitive to chelation of cholesterol, maintain outside-out orientation of membrane glycoproteins, have prolonged (18 h) stability at 37 °C, and are vesicles or sheets up to 150–200 nm diameter. DRMs containing GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol)-anchored proteins PrP (prion protein) and Thy-1 can be separated by immunoaffinity isolation, in keeping with their separate organization and trafficking on the neuronal surface. Thy-1, but not PrP, DRMs are associated with actin. EM (electron microscopy) immunohistochemistry shows most PrP, and some Thy-1, to be clustered on DRMs, again maintaining their organization on the neuronal surface. For DRMs labelled for either protein, the bulk of the surface of the DRM is not labelled, indicating that the GPI-anchored protein is a minor component of its lipid domain. These 37 °C DRMs thus have properties expected of raft membrane, yet pose more questions about how proteins are organized within these nanodomains.
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42
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MacGlashan D. IgE receptor and signal transduction in mast cells and basophils. Curr Opin Immunol 2008; 20:717-23. [PMID: 18822373 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There are many aspects of mast cell and basophil biology that are being explored today. Notably, there is a wide variety of studies of the roles these two cell types play in the development of a multitude of diseases and the role they play in the general immune response. But the original reasons for studying these two cells types--because they are considered crucial to immediate hypersensitivity reactions--remain a driving force for research. These two cell types express the complete high affinity IgE receptor and aggregation of this receptor results in the secretion of multiple potent mediators that cause many of the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction. Understanding more about the biology of the receptor and the signaling that it initiates remains important to the development of new therapeutic approaches to inhibit this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald MacGlashan
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
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43
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Sannigrahi B, Sil D, Baird B, Wang XQ, Khan IM. Synthesis and Characterization of α,ω‐bi[2,4‐dinitrophenyl (DNP)] poly(2‐methoxystyrene) Functional Polymers. Initial Evaluation of the Interaction of the Functional Polymers with RBL Mast Cells. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320802168918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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44
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Torres AJ, Wu M, Holowka D, Baird B. Nanobiotechnology and Cell Biology: Micro- and Nanofabricated Surfaces to Investigate Receptor-Mediated Signaling. Annu Rev Biophys 2008; 37:265-88. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biophys.36.040306.132651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Advances in microfabrication and nanofabrication are opening new opportunities to investigate complicated questions of cell biology in ways not before possible. In particular, the spatial regulation of cellular processes can be examined by engineering the chemical and physical environment to which the cell responds. Lithographic methods and selective chemical modification schemes can provide biocompatible surfaces that control cellular interactions on the micron and submicron scales on which cells are organized. Combined with fluorescence microscopy and other approaches of cell biology, a widely expanded toolbox is becoming available. This review illustrates the potential of these integrated engineering tools, with an emphasis on patterned surfaces, for investigating fundamental mechanisms of receptor-mediated signaling in cells. We highlight progress made with immune cells and in particular with the IgE receptor system, which has been valuable for developing technology to gain new information about spatial regulation in signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J. Torres
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - David Holowka
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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45
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Sil D, Lee JB, Luo D, Holowka D, Baird B. Trivalent ligands with rigid DNA spacers reveal structural requirements for IgE receptor signaling in RBL mast cells. ACS Chem Biol 2007; 2:674-84. [PMID: 18041817 DOI: 10.1021/cb7001472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-mediated cross-linking of IgE bound to its receptor, FcRI, stimulates degranulation, phospholipid metabolism, and cytokine production in mast cells and basophils to initiate inflammatory and allergic responses. Previous studies suggested that spatial organization of the clustered receptors affects the assembly of the transmembrane signaling complexes. To investigate systematically the structural constraints in signal initiation, we utilized rigid double-stranded DNA scaffolds to synthesize ligands with tunable lengths. We characterized a series of symmetric trivalent DNA ligands with rigid spacing between 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) haptenic groups in the range of 5-15 nm. These ligands all bind to anti-DNP IgE on RBL mast cells with similar avidity, and they all cross-link IgE-FcRI complexes effectively. We observe length-dependent stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of FcRI beta and gamma subunits and the adaptor protein LAT: the shortest ligand is approximately 5-10-fold more potent than the longest. Stimulated Ca2+ mobilization and degranulation also exhibits kinetics and magnitudes that differ as a function of ligand length. In contrast, tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase Cgamma1 and consequent Ca2+ release from intracellular stores do not show this dependence on ligand length. Our results with these rigid, DNA-based ligands provide direct support for receptor transphosphorylation as a key step in amplified signaling leading to degranulation, and they further reveal branching of pathways in signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwaipayan Sil
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Jong Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - David Holowka
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Barbara Baird
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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46
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Cairo CW. Signaling by committee: receptor clusters determine pathways of cellular activation. ACS Chem Biol 2007; 2:652-5. [PMID: 18041814 DOI: 10.1021/cb700214x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Receptor clustering is a common signaling mechanism for cell surface receptors. Exogenous ligands such as antibodies or synthetic analogues can be used to artificially induce clustering. New studies using defined synthetic ligands suggest that the spatial organization of these clusters attenuates signaling in one pathway but has no effect in another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W. Cairo
- Department of Chemistry, Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Carbohydrate Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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47
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Holowka D, Sil D, Torigoe C, Baird B. Insights into immunoglobulin E receptor signaling from structurally defined ligands. Immunol Rev 2007; 217:269-79. [PMID: 17498065 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2007.00517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetrical structure of bent immunoglobulin E (IgE) bound to its high-affinity receptor, Fc epsilon RI, suggests a possible role for this configuration in the regulation of signaling mediated by cross-linking of Fc epsilon RI on the surface of mast cells and basophils. Indeed, the presence of bound IgE strongly influences the capacity of cross-linked Fc epsilon RI dimers to trigger mast cell degranulation, implicating orientational constraints by bound IgE. Bivalent ligands that cross-link by binding to bivalent IgE can form linear and cyclic chains of IgE/Fc epsilon RI complexes, and these exhibit only limited capacity to stimulate downstream signaling and degranulation, whereas structurally analogous trivalent ligands, which can form branched networks of cross-linked IgE/Fc epsilon RI complexes, are more effective at cell activation. Long bivalent ligands with flexible spacers can form intramolecular cross-links with IgE, and these stable 1:1 complexes are very potent inhibitors of mast cell degranulation stimulated by multivalent antigen. In contrast, trivalent ligands with rigid double-stranded DNA spacers effectively stimulate degranulation responses in a length-dependent manner, providing direct evidence for receptor transphosphorylation as a key step in the mechanism of signaling by Fc epsilon RI. Thus, studies with chemically defined oligovalent ligands show important features of IgE receptor cross-linking that regulate signaling, leading to mast cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Holowka
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1301, USA.
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48
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Kiessling LL, Gestwicki JE, Strong LE. Synthetische multivalente Liganden als Sonden für die Signaltransduktion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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49
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Kiessling LL, Gestwicki JE, Strong LE. Synthetic multivalent ligands as probes of signal transduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:2348-68. [PMID: 16557636 PMCID: PMC2842921 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 687] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell-surface receptors acquire information from the extracellular environment and coordinate intracellular responses. Many receptors do not operate as individual entities, but rather as part of dimeric or oligomeric complexes. Coupling the functions of multiple receptors may endow signaling pathways with the sensitivity and malleability required to govern cellular responses. Moreover, multireceptor signaling complexes may provide a means of spatially segregating otherwise degenerate signaling cascades. Understanding the mechanisms, extent, and consequences of receptor co-localization and interreceptor communication is critical; chemical synthesis can provide compounds to address the role of receptor assembly in signal transduction. Multivalent ligands can be generated that possess a variety of sizes, shapes, valencies, orientations, and densities of binding elements. This Review focuses on the use of synthetic multivalent ligands to characterize receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Kiessling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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50
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Ram S, Ward ES, Ober RJ. Beyond Rayleigh's criterion: a resolution measure with application to single-molecule microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:4457-62. [PMID: 16537357 PMCID: PMC1450193 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0508047103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rayleigh's criterion is extensively used in optical microscopy for determining the resolution of microscopes. This criterion imposes a resolution limit that has long been held as an impediment for studying nanoscale biological phenomenon through an optical microscope. However, it is well known that Rayleigh's criterion is based on intuitive notions. For example, Rayleigh's criterion is formulated in a deterministic setting that neglects the photon statistics of the acquired data. Hence it does not take into account the number of detected photons, which, in turn, raises concern over the use of Rayleigh's criterion in photon-counting techniques such as single-molecule microscopy. Here, we re-examine the resolution problem by adopting a stochastic framework and present a resolution measure that overcomes the limitations of Rayleigh's criterion. This resolution measure predicts that the resolution of optical microscopes is not limited and that it can be improved by increasing the number of detected photons. Experimental verification of the resolution measure is carried out by imaging single-molecule pairs with different distances of separation. The resolution measure provides a quantitative tool for designing and evaluating single-molecule experiments that probe biomolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sripad Ram
- *Center for Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Texas Arlington/University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - E. Sally Ward
- *Center for Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Raimund J. Ober
- *Center for Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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