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Fritah H, Graciotti M, Lai-Lai Chiang C, Huguenin- Bergenat AL, Petremand R, Ahmed R, Guillaume P, Schmidt J, Stevenson BJ, Gfeller D, Harari A, Kandalaft LE. Cancer vaccines based on whole-tumor lysate or neoepitopes with validated HLA binding outperform those with predicted HLA-binding affinity. iScience 2023; 26:106288. [PMID: 36950115 PMCID: PMC10025090 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen selection and prioritization represent crucial determinants of vaccines' efficacy. Here, we compare two personalized dendritic cell-based vaccination strategies using whole-tumor lysate or neoantigens. Data in mouse and in cancer patients demonstrate that peptide vaccines using neoantigens predicted on the sole basis of in silico peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) binding affinity underperform relative to whole-tumor-lysate vaccines. In contrast, effective in vitro peptide-MHC binding affinity and peptide immunogenicity significantly improve the prioritization of tumor-rejecting neoepitopes and result in more efficacious vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Fritah
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, and Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Graciotti
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, and Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl Lai-Lai Chiang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, and Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Laure Huguenin- Bergenat
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, and Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Petremand
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, and Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ritaparna Ahmed
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, and Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Guillaume
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, and Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Schmidt
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, and Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brian J. Stevenson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, and Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Gfeller
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, and Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, and Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Corresponding author
| | - Lana E. Kandalaft
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, and Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Corresponding author
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Sadeghi Najafabadi SA, Bolhassani A, Aghasadeghi MR. Tumor cell-based vaccine: an effective strategy for eradication of cancer cells. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:639-654. [PMID: 35481358 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole tumor cell-based vaccines include all potential antigen-rich cell lysates to target a specific type of tumor without the need to find the best antigen candidate in protein- or peptide-based vaccines. Preparation of whole tumor cell lysates inducing cell death and inactivating immunosuppressive cytokine secretion from the tumor cells is highly enviable. Generally, modified whole tumor cells, tumor cell-derived exosomes, autologous tumor cell-derived ribonucleic acid, and personalized mutanome-derived tumor antigen are promising immunotherapeutic approaches. Autologous dendritic cells loaded with tumor-associated antigens also induce the generation of immunological memory and antitumor response as an effective method for the treatment of cancer. The present review briefly describes tumor cell-based vaccines as a promising strategy for eradication of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis & AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
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Ding X, Zhao T, Lee CC, Yan C, Du H. Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency Controls T- and B-Regulatory Cell Homeostasis in the Lymph Nodes of Mice with Human Cancer Xenotransplants. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 191:353-367. [PMID: 33159889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of proper preclinical models accelerates development of immunotherapeutics and the study of the interplay between human malignant cells and immune cells. Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) is a critical lipid hydrolase that generates free fatty acids and cholesterol. Ablation of LAL suppresses immune rejection and allows growth of human lung cancer cells in lal-/- mice. In the lal-/- lymph nodes, the percentages of both T- and B-regulatory cells (Tregs and Bregs, respectively) are increased, with elevated expression of programmed death-ligand 1 and IL-10, and decreased expression of interferon-γ. Levels of enzymes in the glucose and glutamine metabolic pathways are elevated in Tregs and Bregs of the lal-/- lymph nodes. Pharmacologic inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase, which controls the transition from glycolysis to the citric acid cycle, effectively reduces Treg and Breg elevation in the lal-/- lymph nodes. Blocking the mammalian target of rapamycin or reactivating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, an LAL downstream effector, reduces lal-/- Treg and Breg elevation and PD-L1 expression in lal-/- Tregs and Bregs, and improves human cancer cell rejection. Treatment with PD-L1 antibody also reduces Treg and Breg elevation in the lal-/- lymph nodes and improves human cancer cell rejection. These observations conclude that LAL-regulated lipid metabolism is essential to maintain antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Ding
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Chih-Chun Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Cong Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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Palm Tocotrienol-Adjuvanted Dendritic Cells Decrease Expression of the SATB1 Gene in Murine Breast Cancer Cells and Tissues. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040198. [PMID: 31783698 PMCID: PMC6963955 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of immunotherapy using dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with tumor lysate (a DC vaccine) in combination with daily supplementation of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) to potentiate anti-tumor immune responses. We had previously reported that DC-vaccine immunotherapy together with TRF supplementation induced protective immunity to tumor challenge. Breast cancer was induced in female BALB/c mice. The mice were randomly assigned into the treatment groups. At autopsy, peripheral blood was collected in heparinized tube and the expression of cell surface molecules (CD40, CD80, CD83, and CD86) that are crucial for T-cell activation and survival were analyzed by flow cytometry. Tumor was excised from each animal and snap-frozen. Total RNA was extracted from each tumor tissue for microarray and gene expression analysis. Total protein was extracted from tumor tissue for protein expression studies using Western blotting. The results show that systemic administration of 1 mg TRF daily in combination with DC-vaccine immunotherapy (DC + TL + TRF) caused a marked reduction (p < 0.05) of tumor size and increased (p < 0.05) the survival rates of the tumor-inoculated mice. The expression of CD40, CD80, CD83, and CD86 were upregulated in peripheral blood from the DC + TL + TRF group compared to other groups. In addition, there was higher expression of FasL in tumor-excised mice from the DC + TL + TRF group compared to other groups. FasL plays an important role in maintaining immune privilege and is required for cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity. Microarray analysis identified several genes involved in the regulation of cancer. In this study, we focused on the special AT rich binding protein 1 (SATB1) gene, which was reported to have dual functions, one of which was to induce aggressive growth in breast cancer cells. Tumors from DC + TL + TRF mice showed lower (p < 0.05) expression of SATB1 gene. Further study will be conducted to investigate the molecular functions of and the role of SATB1 in 4T1 mammary cancer cells and DC. In conclusion, TRF supplementation can potentiate the effectiveness of DC-vaccine immunotherapy.
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Pradhan P, Leleux J, Liu J, Roy K. A simple, clinically relevant therapeutic vaccine shows long-term protection in an aggressive, delayed-treatment B lymphoma model. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92522. [PMID: 29202455 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite initial remission after successful treatments, B lymphoma patients often encounter relapses and resistance causing high mortality. Thus, there is a need to develop therapies that prevent relapse by providing long-term protection and, ultimately, lead to functional cure. In this study, our goal was to develop a simple, clinically relevant, and easily translatable therapeutic vaccine that provides durable immune protection against aggressive B cell lymphoma and identify critical immune biomarkers that are predictive of long-term survival. In a delayed-treatment, aggressive, murine model of A20 B lymphoma that mimics human diffuse large B cell lymphoma, we show that therapeutic A20 lysate vaccine adjuvanted with an NKT cell agonist, α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), provides long-term immune protection against lethal tumor challenges and the antitumor immunity is primarily CD8 T cell dependent. Using experimental and computational methods, we demonstrate that the initial strength of germinal center reaction and the magnitude of class-switching into a Th1 type humoral response are the best predictors for the long-term immunity of B lymphoma lysate vaccine. Our results not only provide fundamentally insights for successful immunotherapy and long-term protection against B lymphomas, but also present a simple, therapeutic vaccine that can be translated easily due to the facile and inexpensive method of preparation.
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Pham VQ, Nguyen ST, Mai TT, Phan NK, Van Pham P. Breast cancer tumor growth is efficiently inhibited by dendritic cell transfusion in a murine model. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2014. [DOI: 10.7603/s40730-014-0014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abdul Hafid SR, Chakravarthi S, Nesaretnam K, Radhakrishnan AK. Tocotrienol-adjuvanted dendritic cells inhibit tumor growth and metastasis: a murine model of breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74753. [PMID: 24069344 PMCID: PMC3777960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) from palm oil is reported to possess anti-cancer and immune-enhancing effects. In this study, TRF supplementation was used as an adjuvant to enhance the anti-cancer effects of dendritic cells (DC)-based cancer vaccine in a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer. Female BALB/c mice were inoculated with 4T1 cells in mammary pad to induce tumor. When the tumor was palpable, the mice in the experimental groups were injected subcutaneously with DC-pulsed with tumor lysate (TL) from 4T1 cells (DC+TL) once a week for three weeks and fed daily with 1 mg TRF or vehicle. Control mice received unpulsed DC and were fed with vehicle. The combined therapy of using DC+TL injections and TRF supplementation (DC+TL+TRF) inhibited (p<0.05) tumor growth and metastasis. Splenocytes from the DC+TL+TRF group cultured with mitomycin-C (MMC)-treated 4T1 cells produced higher (p<0.05) levels of IFN-γ and IL-12. The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) assay also showed enhanced tumor-specific killing (p<0.05) by CD8(+) T-lymphocytes isolated from mice in the DC+TL+TRF group. This study shows that TRF has the potential to be used as an adjuvant to enhance effectiveness of DC-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitti Rahma Abdul Hafid
- Pathology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Nutrition Unit, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Srikumar Chakravarthi
- Pathology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan
- Pathology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytokines play important roles in regulating immune responses. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has usually been used as an adjuvant to enhance antitumour immune responses. However, its crucial role in activation-induced cell death, inhibition of homeostatic proliferation of CD8+ memory T cells and its notable biological side effects impair its prospect of application. IL-15 has several similar functions to IL-2 and shows potential advantages over IL-2, and is being investigated to enhance antitumour dendritic cell (DC) vaccine strategies in our ongoing studies. OBJECTIVE In this preliminary study, we evaluated the ability of IL-15, compared with IL-2, to act as an adjuvant to enhance T-cell responses activated by DCs in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) were pulsed with tumour antigens and used to stimulate lymphocyte responses in the presence of IL-15 or IL-2. The activated T lymphocytes were examined by flow cytometric analysis, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot and cytotoxicity assays. RESULTS IL-15 was observed to activate lymphocytes with comparable phenotype characteristics of activated/memory CD8+ lymphocytes, compared with IL-2. Both in primary and secondary stimulation with DCs, when using IL-15 as an adjuvant, activated lymphocytes showed higher proportions of IFN-γ-secreting subsets. In secondary stimulation with BMDCs in the presence of IL-15, the activated lymphocytes showed a stronger cytotoxicity to antigen-specific tumour target cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that IL-15 might be a prospective adjuvant for a DC vaccine strategy against cancers. The further observation that IL-15 acts as an adjuvant for an antitumour DC vaccine strategy is worth investigating.
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Cai Q, Kublo L, Cumberland R, Gooding W, Baar J. Optimized systemic dosing with CpG DNA enhances dendritic cell-mediated rejection of a poorly immunogenic mammary tumor in BALB/c mice. Clin Transl Sci 2010; 2:62-6. [PMID: 20443869 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2008.00073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To model a clinical trial of dendritic cell (DC) therapy of a poorly immunogenic mammary tumor, we treated BALB/c mice bearing an established TS/A mammary tumor with lysate-pulsed DCs and CpG DNA. We observed that the dose of CpG DNA required to activate DCs in vitro was insufficient to mediate tumor rejection in vivo. We therefore undertook in vivo studies to identify an optimized dose of CpG DNA for tumor therapy, defined as the lowest and least frequently administered dose of CpG DNA that mediated complete tumor rejection. We show that one priming dose of 15 nanomoles and one booster dose of 10 nanomoles of CpG DNA given 7 days apart, respectively, with lysate-loaded DCs were sufficient to mediate complete tumor rejection in vivo. This dose of CpG DNA was 42-fold higher than that required to activate DCs in vitro but was not associated with any toxicity in mice. Also, the cured mice rejected a subsequent challenge with fresh TS/A tumor, and both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were required for tumor rejection. We conclude that effective DC-based therapy of a poorly immunogenic TS/A tumor is enhanced by optimized dosing of CpG DNA. Our data have important implications for DC-based clinical trials of breast cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Cai
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Dong B, Sun L, Wu X, Zhang P, Wang L, Wei H, Zhou L, Hu X, Yu Y, Hua S, Wang L. Vaccination with TCL plus MHSP65 induces anti-lung cancer immunity in mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:899-908. [PMID: 20087582 PMCID: PMC11030583 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To develop effective anti-lung cancer vaccines, we directly mixed mycobacterial heat shock protein 65 (MHSP65) and tumor cell lysate (TCL) from Lewis lung cancer cells in vitro and tested its efficacy on stimulating anti-tumor immunity. Our results showed that MHSP65-TCL immunization significantly inhibited the growth of lung cancer in mice and prolonged the survival of lung cancer bearing mice. In vivo and in vitro data suggest that MHSP65-TCL could induce specific CTL responses and non-specific immunity, both of which could contribute to the tumor inhibition. Thus, this report provides an easy approach to prepare an efficient TCL based tumor vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Dong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Luguo Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Xiuli Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Peiyin Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Hongfei Wei
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Yongli Yu
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Shucheng Hua
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
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Silva IA, Olkiewicz K, Askew D, Fisher JM, Chaudhary MN, Vannella KM, Deurloo DT, Choi SW, Pierce EM, Clouthier SG, Liu C, Cooke KR. Secondary lymphoid organs contribute to, but are not required for the induction of graft-versus-host responses following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a shifting paradigm for T cell allo-activation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2010; 16:598-611. [PMID: 20117226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains the major complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). GVHD fundamentally depends upon the activation of donor T cells by host antigen-presenting cells (APCs), but the precise location of these interactions remains uncertain. We examined the role of secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) in the induction of GVHD by using homozygous aly/aly mice that are deficient in lymph nodes (LNs) and Peyer's patches (PPs). Lethally irradiated, splenectomized, aly/aly (LN/PP/Sp-/-) mice and sham-splenectomized, aly/+ (LN/PP/Sp+/+) mice received BMT from either syngeneic (aly/aly) or allogeneic, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) disparate donors. Surprisingly, although LN/PP/Sp-/- allo-BMT recipients experience a survival advantage, they developed significant systemic and target organ GVHD that is comparable to LN/PP/Sp+/+ controls. Early after allo-BMT, the activation and proliferation of donor T cells was significantly greater in the BM cavity of LN/PP/Sp-/- mice compared to LN/PP/Sp+/+ controls. Donor T cells in LN/PP/Sp-/- mice demonstrated cytolytic activity in vitro, but Graft vs Leukemia (GVL) activity could be overcome by increasing the tumor burden. These data suggest that SLO contribute to, but are not required for, allogeneic T cell responses, and suggest that the BM may represent an alternative, albeit less efficient site for T cell activation following allo-BMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines A Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Immunization with host-type CD8{alpha}+ dendritic cells reduces experimental acute GVHD in an IL-10-dependent manner. Blood 2009; 115:724-35. [PMID: 19965670 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-06-229708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the role of active immunization in suppressing undesirable immune responses. Because CD8alpha(+) dendritic cells (DCs) suppress certain immune responses, we tested the hypothesis that immunization of donors with host-derived CD8alpha(+) DCs will reduce host-specific donor T-cell responses. BALB/c T cells from the animals that were immunized with B6 CD8alpha(+) DCs demonstrated, in vitro and in vivo, significantly reduced proliferation and secretion of inflammatory cytokines but showed enhanced secretion of interleukin-10 (IL-10). The responses against third-party and model antigens were preserved demonstrating antigen specificity. The in vivo relevance was further demonstrated by the reduction on graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in both a major histocompatibility complex-mismatched clinically relevant BALB/c --> B6 model and major histocompatibility complex-matched, minor-mismatched C3H.SW --> B6 model of GVHD. Immunization of the donors that were deficient in IL-10 (IL-10(-/-)) or with CD8alpha(+) DCs from B6 class II (class II(-/-)) failed to reduce T-cell responses, demonstrating (1) a critical role for secretion of IL-10 by donor T cells and (2) a direct contact between the T cells and the CD8alpha(+) DCs. Together, these data may represent a novel strategy for reducing GVHD and suggest a broad counterintuitive role for vaccination strategies in mitigating undesirable immune responses in an antigen-specific manner.
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Becker MI, Fuentes A, Del Campo M, Manubens A, Nova E, Oliva H, Faunes F, Valenzuela MA, Campos-Vallette M, Aliaga A, Ferreira J, De Ioannes AE, De Ioannes P, Moltedo B. Immunodominant role of CCHA subunit of Concholepas hemocyanin is associated with unique biochemical properties. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:330-9. [PMID: 19159699 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Revised: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Delirezh N, Moazzeni SM, Shokri F, Shokrgozar MA, Atri M, Kokhaei P. Autologous dendritic cells loaded with apoptotic tumor cells induce T cell-mediated immune responses against breast cancer in vitro. Cell Immunol 2009; 257:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2009.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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15
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Cai Q, Kublo L, Cumberland R, Gooding W, Baar J. Optimized Systemic Dosing with CpG DNA Enhances Dendritic Cell-Mediated Rejection of a Poorly Immunogenic Mammary Tumor in BALB/c Mice. Clin Transl Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2009.00073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Swartz MA, Hubbell JA, Reddy ST. Lymphatic drainage function and its immunological implications: from dendritic cell homing to vaccine design. Semin Immunol 2008; 20:147-56. [PMID: 18201895 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The slow interstitial flow that drains fluid from the blood capillaries into the lymphatic capillaries provides transport of macromolecular nutrients to cells in the interstitium. We discuss herein how this flow also provides continuous access to immune cells residing in the lymph nodes of antigens from self or from pathogens residing in the interstitium. We also address mechanisms by which dendritic cells in the periphery sense interstitial flow to home efficiently into the lymphatics after activation, and how lymphatic endothelium can be activated by this flow, including how it can act as a lymphatic morphoregulator. Further, we present concepts on how interstitial flow can be exploited with biomaterial systems to deliver antigen and adjuvant molecules directly into the lymphatics, to target dendritic cells residing in the lymph nodes rather than in the peripheral tissues, using particles that are small enough to be carried along by flow through the network structure of the interstitium. Finally, we present recent work on lymphatic and lymphoid tissue engineering, including how interstitial flow can be used as a design principle. Thus, an understanding of the physiological processes that govern transport in the interstitium guides new understanding of both immune cell interactions with the lymphatics as well as therapeutic interventions exploiting the lymphatics as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody A Swartz
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Liu JY, Wu Y, Zhang XS, Yang JL, Li HL, Mao YQ, Wang Y, Cheng X, Li YQ, Xia JC, Masucci M, Zeng YX. Single administration of low dose cyclophosphamide augments the antitumor effect of dendritic cell vaccine. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:1597-604. [PMID: 17440723 PMCID: PMC11031050 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-007-0305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Single administration of low dose cyclophosphamide (CTX) was previously reported to enhance the antitumor efficacy of immunotherapies. To investigate the possible mechanisms for this effect, we examined whether a single administration of low dose CTX could augment the immunogenicity of dendritic cell (DC) vaccines. Fifty milligrams per kilogram body weight dose of CTX was administrated intraperitoneally to mice after B16 melanoma or C26 colon carcinoma tumor models were established, DC vaccine generated from mouse bone marrow and pulsed with B16 or C26 tumor cells lysates were vaccinated 4 days later. CTX treatment potentiated the antitumor effects of the DC vaccine, and increased the proportion of IFN-gamma secreting lymphocytes in spleens. Furthermore, a significantly reduced proportion of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells was detected by flow cytometry in spleen lymphocytes from tumor-bearing mice treated with CTX. Thus, a single administration of low dose CTX could augment antitumor immune responses of DC vaccine by reducing the proportion of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells in tumor-bearing mice. Our results suggested a possible mechanism of CTX-induced immunopotentiation and provided a strategy of immunotherapy combining a low dose CTX with DC vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Shi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Liang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qiu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Chuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Maria Masucci
- Microbiology and Tumor Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
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21
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Li B, Li Q, Zhao QL, Wei XB, Zhang XH, Wu CQ, Zhong CP. Murine dendritic cells modified with CXCL10 gene and tumour cell lysate mediate potent antitumour immune responses in mice. Scand J Immunol 2007; 65:8-13. [PMID: 17212761 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our present study was to estimate the effect of a therapeutic vaccine against tumour based on dendritic cells (DC) vaccine modified with tumour cell lysate and chemokine CXCL10 gene. In this study, mouse bone marrow DC were pulsed with tumour cell (RM-1) lysate and then transfected with a plasmid vector expressing CXCL10 cDNA by DOTAP liposome. The protective and therapeutic effects of the DC vaccine in RM-1 tumour model were assessed (divided into CXCL10/Lysate-DC, CXCL10/DC, pcDNA/Lysate-DC, Lysate-DC, pcDNA-DC, DC and PBS). The DC transfected with CXCL10 gene were capable of synthesizing and secreting CXCL10 chemokine. The highest CTL activity against RM-1 cells was induced in mice immunized with DC vaccine that was modified with RM-1 lysate and CXCL10 gene (CXCL10/Lysate-DC) when compared with its counterpart in mice. The CXCL10/Lysate-DC immunized mice also exhibited resistance to tumour challenge most effectively. In the RM-1 tumour model, immunization of CXCL10/Lysate-DC inhibited the tumour growth most significantly when compared with other groups and the survival time of the mice treated with CXCL10/Lysate-DC was greatly extended. These findings provide a potential strategy to improve the efficacy of DC-based tumour vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Li
- Department of Urology, The Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan Shandong, China.
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22
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Reddy ST, Swartz MA, Hubbell JA. Targeting dendritic cells with biomaterials: developing the next generation of vaccines. Trends Immunol 2006; 27:573-9. [PMID: 17049307 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current vaccine and immunotherapy technology faces ongoing challenges in both efficacy and practicality: many chronic diseases cannot yet be addressed by vaccination, and several vaccines that do function well require multiple injections, which is a substantial limitation in various parts of the world. A possible key to developing the next generation of vaccines is the ability to deliver antigen to dendritic cells (DCs) more specifically and induce the subsequent activation of T-cell immunity. However, antigen delivery to, and activation of, DCs is a complex problem, involving antigen transport to DC-rich areas, DC binding and antigen uptake, and antigen processing and presentation. Addressing these challenges requires novel and multidisciplinary approaches, for example, the application of biomaterials to immunotechnology. Here, we review the latest advances in biomaterial drug vehicles, such as polymer microparticles and nanoparticles, and liposomes, that are being used to target DCs in new strategies for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai T Reddy
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Weiss JM, Allen C, Shivakumar R, Feller S, Li LH, Liu LN. Efficient responses in a murine renal tumor model by electroloading dendritic cells with whole-tumor lysate. J Immunother 2006; 28:542-50. [PMID: 16224271 DOI: 10.1097/01.cji.0000179437.95335.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Electroporation of dendritic cells (DCs) with tumor lysate elicited greater antitumor responses in vitro and in vivo, using less lysate than standard coincubation. Electroloaded DCs had normal surface marker expression and matured into competent antigen-presenting cells. In a renal carcinoma (RENCA) model, mice were pretreated with lysate-loaded DCs before tumor challenge. Mice that received DCs electroloaded with RENCA lysate had significantly smaller tumors (9+/-6 mm2) than mice given DCs coincubated with the same lysate (23+/-5 mm2). To evaluate a metastatic therapeutic tumor model, mice were first injected with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and then given 2 doses of cryopreserved LLC lysate-loaded DCs. Mice treated with electroloaded DCs had a 50% reduction in lung metastases compared with control mice that received no DCs or DCs loaded with liver lysate. In contrast, DCs coincubated with LLC lysate were indistinguishable from controls. Tumor lysate-electroloaded but not-coincubated DCs also primed syngeneic mouse splenocytes in vitro to produce interferon-gamma and, specifically, lyse tumor cells. The electroloaded DCs elicited specific T-cell responses with less lysate than the amount reported in standard coincubation procedures. This approach may be particularly useful when small amounts of tumor material are available.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/therapy
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/therapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dextrans/metabolism
- Electroporation
- Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate/analogs & derivatives
- Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate/metabolism
- Immunotherapy
- Kidney Neoplasms/immunology
- Kidney Neoplasms/therapy
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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24
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Gatza E, Okada CY. Adjuvant IL-15 does not enhance the efficacy of tumor cell lysate-pulsed dendritic cell vaccines for active immunotherapy of T cell lymphoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006; 55:420-32. [PMID: 16025264 PMCID: PMC11030804 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-005-0006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2004] [Accepted: 03/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There has been a recent interest in using IL-15 to enhance antitumor activity in several models because of its ability to stimulate CD8+ T cell expansion, inhibit apoptosis and promote memory T cell survival and maintenance. Previously, we reported that C6VL tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cell vaccines significantly enhanced the survival of tumor-bearing mice by stimulating a potent tumor-specific CD8+ T cell response. In this study, we determined whether IL-15 used as immunologic adjuvant would augment vaccine-primed CD8+ T cell immunity against C6VL and further improve the survival of tumor-bearing mice. We report that IL-15 given after C6VL lysate-pulsed dendritic cell vaccines stimulated local and systemic expansion of NK, NKT and CD8+ CD44hi T cells. IL-15 did not, however, augment innate or cellular responses against the tumor. T cells from mice infused with IL-15 following vaccination did not secrete increased levels of tumor-specific TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma or have enhanced C6VL-specific CTL activity compared to T cells from recipients of the vaccine alone. Lastly, IL-15 did not enhance the survival of tumor-bearing vaccinated mice. Thus, while activated- and memory-phenotype CD8+ T cells were dramatically expanded by IL-15 infusion, vaccine-primed CD8+ T cell specific for C6VL were not significantly expanded. This is the first account of using IL-15 as an adjuvant in a therapeutic model of active immunotherapy where there was not a preexisting pool of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. Our results contrast the recent studies where IL-15 was successfully used to augment tumor-reactivity of adoptively transferred transgenic CD8+ T cells. This suggests that the adjuvant potential of IL-15 may be greatest in settings where it can augment the number and activity of preexisting tumor-specific CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Gatza
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Craig Y. Okada
- Present Address: Division of Hospital and Specialty Medicine, Portland VA Medical Center, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, R&D 54, Portland, OR 97239 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
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25
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Abstract
AIM: To investigate the morphological characterization of tumor infiltrating dendritic cells (TIDCs) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in human rectal cancer.
METHODS: Light and electron microscopy as well as immunohistochemistry were used to observe the distributive and morphological changes of TIDCs and TILs.
RESULTS: TIDCs were mainly located in tumor-surrounding tissue. The number of TIDCs in the earlier stage was higher than that in the later stage (P < 0.01). TILs were mainly seen in adjacent tissue of cancers and tumor-surrounding tissue. There were more TILs in the earlier stage than that in the later stage (P <0.01). Under electron microscope, TIDCs were irregular in shape and exhibited many dendritic protrusions. It isn’t obvious that cancer cells perforated the basement membrane and TILs were arranged along the basement membrane in the earlier stage. In the later stage, it is explicit that cancer cells perforated the basement membrane and surrounded by TILs. There were contacts among TIDCs, TILs and tumor cell. One TIDCs contacted one or several TILs which clustered around TIDCs. Glycogen granules were seen between TIDCs and TILs.
CONCLUSION: The number of TIDCs and TILs is related with tumor progression There exist close relationships among TIDCs, TILs and tumor cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun-Jiang Xie
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, No. 194 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
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26
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Vose JM. Personalized immunotherapy for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a promising approach. Hematol Oncol 2006; 24:47-55. [PMID: 16447298 DOI: 10.1002/hon.770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies has been demonstrated in recent years. In patients with B-cell lymphomas, particularly indolent lymphoma, the use of passive immunotherapy, such as the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab, has made an impressive impact on patient outcome. Personalized immunotherapy, a method that triggers the immune system to mount a response against tumor cells, has shown promising results in early clinical trials in hematologic malignancies. This therapeutic modality appears safe, with the most common adverse events being transient, local reactions at the site of injection. Furthermore, personalized immunotherapy has the potential to generate immunologic memory, which could provide prolonged remission. Currently, 3 large phase III studies are evaluating the efficacy and safety of personalized immunotherapy in patients with follicular lymphoma. It is hoped that the results of these studies will lead to the incorporation of this promising approach into the standard treatment of patients with lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Vose
- Section of Oncology/Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 681980-7680, USA.
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27
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Ramanathapuram LV, Hahn T, Dial SM, Akporiaye ET. Chemo-Immunotherapy of Breast Cancer Using Vesiculated α-Tocopheryl Succinate in Combination With Dendritic Cell Vaccination. Nutr Cancer 2005; 53:177-93. [PMID: 16573379 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc5302_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of vesiculated alpha-tocopheryl succinate (Valpha-TOS) in combination with non-antigen pulsed, nonmatured dendritic cells (nmDC) to treat pre-established tumors of the highly metastatic murine mammary cancer cell line 4T1. We demonstrated that Valpha-TOS in combination with non-antigen pulsed nmDC significantly inhibits the growth of established tumors in vivo and prolongs survival of treated mice. In addition, when initiated after resection of the established primary tumor, the combination treatment dramatically inhibits residual metastatic disease. The clinical response achieved with the combination therapy was correlated with increased interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 (IL-4) production by splenic lymphocytes and draining lymph node cells. Interestingly, when used in combination with Valpha-TOS, nmDC were as effective as tumor necrosis factor-alpha matured DC at inhibiting the growth of pre-established tumors. Valpha-TOS-induced cellular factors collected by high-speed centrifugation of supernatant from Valpha-TOS-treated tumor cells caused maturation of DC as evidenced by the up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules and secretion of IL-12p70. These results demonstrate the potential usefulness of Valpha-TOS + DC chemo-immunotherapy in treating established primary mammary tumors as well as residual metastatic disease.
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28
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Reddy P, Maeda Y, Liu C, Krijanovski OI, Korngold R, Ferrara JLM. A crucial role for antigen-presenting cells and alloantigen expression in graft-versus-leukemia responses. Nat Med 2005; 11:1244-9. [PMID: 16227991 DOI: 10.1038/nm1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2005] [Accepted: 09/07/2005] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) response after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) represents one of the most potent forms of immunotherapy against malignant diseases. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are crucial for the induction of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the most serious complication of allogeneic BMT, but their role in GVL responses is unclear. Using a series of clinically relevant mouse GVL tumor models, we found that APCs and alloantigen expression on tumors are crucial for GVL. Moreover, APCs of host origin predominated in GVL responses although donor APCs contributed as the acuity of tumor burden decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Cancer Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0942, USA.
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29
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Gritzapis AD, Perez SA, Baxevanis CN, Papamichail M. Pooled peptides from HER-2/neu-overexpressing primary ovarian tumours induce CTL with potent antitumour responses in vitro and in vivo. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:72-9. [PMID: 15583693 PMCID: PMC2361747 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Unfractionated peptides (MW: up to 10 kDa), derived from HLA-A2.1 positive (+) HER-2/neu-overexpressing primary tumour cell acid cell extracts (ACE), were successfully used to generate in vitro cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Primary tumour cells were collected from peritoneal malignant effusions of patients with ovarian cancer. Acid cell extracts-induced CTL specifically lysed in an HLA-A2-restricted manner HER-2/neu+ autologous primary tumour cells as well as HER-2/neu+ tumour cell lines. In addition, adoptive transfer of such CTL significantly prolonged the survival of SCID mice xenografted with HLA-A2.1+, HER-2/neu+ human breast and ovarian tumour cell lines. Acid cell extracts collected from HLA-A2.1+ HER-2/neu negative (-) primary ovarian tumours induced HLA-A2.1-restricted CTL with weak in vitro and in vivo antitumour capacity, suggesting that HER-2/neu peptides within ACE from HER-2/neu-overexpressing primary ovarian tumour cells are immunodominant. The results presented herein serve as a rationale for the initiation of vaccination studies in patients with HER-2/neu-overexpressing ovarian tumours utilising autologous tumour-derived ACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Gritzapis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - S A Perez
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - C N Baxevanis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, 171 Alexandras Ave., 11522 Athens, Greece. E-mail:
| | - M Papamichail
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece
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30
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Chu XY, Chen LB, Zang J, Wang JH, Zhang Q, Geng HC. Effect of bone marrow-derived monocytes transfected with RNA of mouse colon carcinoma on specific antitumor immunity. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:760-3. [PMID: 15655840 PMCID: PMC4250757 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i5.760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of bone marrow-derived monocytes transfected with RNA of CT-26 (a cell line of mouse colon carcinoma) on antitumor immunity.
METHODS: Mouse bone marrow-derived monocytes were incubated with mouse granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (mGM-CSF) in vitro, and the purity of monocytes was detected by flow cytometry. Total RNA of CT-26 was obtained by TRIzol’s process, and monocytes were transfected by TransMessenger in vitro. The activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vivo was estimated by the modified lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Changes of tumor size in mice and animal’s survival time were observed in different groups.
RESULTS: Monocytes from mouse bone marrow were successfully incubated, and the positive rate of CD11b was over 95%. Vaccination of the monocytes transfected with total RNA induced a high level of specific CTL activity in vivo, and made mice resistant to the subsequent challenge of parental tumor cells. In vivo effects induced by monocytes transfected with total RNA were stronger than those induced by monocytes pulsed with tumor cell lysates.
CONCLUSION: Antigen presenting cells transfected with total RNA of CT-26 can present endogenous tumor antigens, activate CTL, and effectively induce specific antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yuan Chu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing General Hospital of PLA, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.
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31
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Cooper LJN, Kalos M, DiGiusto D, Brown C, Forman SJ, Raubitschek A, Jensen MC. T-cell genetic modification for re-directed tumor recognition. CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY AND BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE MODIFIERS 2005; 22:293-324. [PMID: 16110618 DOI: 10.1016/s0921-4410(04)22014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence J N Cooper
- Cancer Immunotherapeutic Program, City of Hope NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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32
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mycosis fungoides and the Sézary syndrome represent a heterogeneous group of good-to-intermediate-risk non-Hodgkin lymphomas that have recently been identified as distinct histopathologic and clinical entities by the World Health Organization and European Organization for Research on the Treatment of Cancer lymphoma classification systems. Significant progress has been made in identifying and categorizing patients based on clinical prognostic factors, but there is little information regarding the etiology, molecular biology, and molecular genetics of these diseases. This review outlines recent advances in clinical diagnosis and prognosis as well as novel therapeutic approaches. RECENT FINDINGS A number of reports have further defined clinical prognostic subgroups among early-stage patients and those with circulating Sézary cells. The recent availability and demonstrated efficacy of the oral RXR retinoid, bexarotene, has altered the treatment paradigm of early-stage patients who would not otherwise be exposed to systemic therapies. Novel targeted agents and receptor-directed therapies, including the fusion toxin, denileukin diftitox, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and novel nucleoside analog therapies, have demonstrated promising activity and are undergoing further clinical evaluation. The evolution of immunotherapy has been augmented by studies demonstrating the efficacy of peptide-loaded dendritic cells as well as the use of photopheresis to generate an anti-idiotype cytotoxic T-cell response. SUMMARY This review will enumerate the most recent findings with respect to clinical staging, prognosis, and treatment of patients with mycosis fungoides and the Sézary syndrome. Novel treatment options will be reviewed and treatment paradigms will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Foss
- Lymphoma and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
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33
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Ito F, Li Q, Shreiner AB, Okuyama R, Jure-Kunkel MN, Teitz-Tennenbaum S, Chang AE. Anti-CD137 monoclonal antibody administration augments the antitumor efficacy of dendritic cell-based vaccines. Cancer Res 2004; 64:8411-9. [PMID: 15548712 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In weakly and poorly immunogenic tumor models, we examined the effects of stimulating CD137 (4-1BB) in vivo by administering anti-CD137 monoclonal antibody after tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cell (TP-DC) vaccination. TP-DC subcutaneous vaccination induced a transient up-regulation of CD137 on T cells and natural killer (NK) cells within vaccine-primed lymph nodes (VPLNs). In established pulmonary and subcutaneous tumor models, anti-CD137 synergistically enhanced tumor regression after TP-DC vaccination. In the subcutaneous tumor model, the combined therapy resulted in improved survival. Combined therapy also resulted in improved local control of subcutaneous tumor after surgical resection. Anti-CD137 polarized the cytokine release of VPLNs and spleen cells in response to tumor antigen toward a type 1 (interferon-gamma) versus a type 2 (interleukin-4) profile. Cell depletion and the use of knockout animals identified that CD8(+), CD4(+), and NK cells were involved in the tumor rejection response and that CD8(+) cells had the major effector role. Anti-CD137 administration resulted in increased proliferation of adoptively transferred OT-1 CD8(+) T cells in the VPLNs of mice inoculated with B16-OVA TP-DCs. Polarization toward type 1 (interferon-gamma) versus type 2 (interleukin-4) was also observed with the OT-1 cells from VPLNs and spleen cells after anti-CD137 injections. This polarization effect was abrogated by the in vivo depletion of NK cells. These findings indicate that the adjuvant effect of anti-CD137 given in conjunction with TP-DC vaccination is associated with the polarization of T effector cells toward a type 1 response to tumor antigen and is mediated via NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumito Ito
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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34
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van Broekhoven CL, Parish CR, Demangel C, Britton WJ, Altin JG. Targeting Dendritic Cells with Antigen-Containing Liposomes. Cancer Res 2004; 64:4357-65. [PMID: 15205352 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent stimulators of immunity, and DCs pulsed with tumor antigen ex vivo have applications in tumor immunotherapy. However, DCs are a small population of cells, and their isolation and pulsing with antigen can be impractical. Here we show that a crude preparation of plasma membrane vesicles (PMV) from the highly metastatic murine melanoma (B16-OVA) and a surrogate tumor antigen (OVA) can be targeted directly to DCs in vivo to elicit functional effects. A novel metal-chelating lipid, 3(nitrilotriacetic acid)-ditetradecylamine, was incorporated into B16-OVA-derived PMV, allowing recombinant hexahistidine-tagged forms of single chain antibody fragments to the DC surface molecules CD11c and DEC-205, to be conveniently "engrafted" onto the vesicle surface by metal-chelating linkage. The modified PMV, or similarly engrafted synthetic stealth liposomes containing OVA or OVA peptide antigen, were found to target DCs in vitro and in vivo, in experiments using flow cytometry and fluorescence confocal microscopy. When used as vaccines in syngeneic mice, the preparations stimulated strong B16-OVA-specific CTL responses in splenic T cells and a marked protection against tumor growth. Protection was dependent on the simultaneous delivery of both antigen and a DC maturation or "danger signal" signal (IFN-gamma or lipopolysaccharide). Administration of the DC-targeting vaccine to mice challenged with B16-OVA cells induced a dramatic immunotherapeutic effect and prolonged disease-free survival. The results show that the targeting of antigen to DCs in this way is highly effective at inducing immunity and protection against the tumor, with protection being at least partially dependent on the eosinophil chemokine eotaxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L van Broekhoven
- School of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Wang L, Yin XY, Lu MD, Li BJ, Huang JF. Eliciting specific antitumor immunity against hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro by fusions of HCC patient-derived dendritic cells with HCC cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12:774-777. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v12.i4.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the ability of fusions of HCC patient-derived dendritic cells (DC) with HCC cells to induce autologous T lymphocytes to elicit specific immunity against HCC in vitro.
METHODS: Dendritic cells isolated from HCC patient peripheral blood were cultured and proliferated in vitro for one wk by using recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (rhIL-4). Expression of DC surface markers was assessed by flow cytometry. Fusions of DC with HepG2 cells (HepG2/DC) were achieved by polythyleneglycol (PEG). The ability of HepG2/DC to stimulate proliferation and differentiation of autologous T lymphocytes was assessed by MTT method, and the specific killing efficacy of HepG2/DC-induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to HepG2 was evaluated.
RESULTS: Following one wk culture, DC presented a high-level expression of CD1a, HLA-DR, CD54, CD80 and CD86. Fusions had remarkably greater ability to stimulate proliferation of autologous T lymphocytes in comparison with HepG2, HepG2+DC, DC and PBS, with an A value of 0.816±0.019 vs 0.541±0.020, 0.632±0.018, 0.564±0.018, 0.345±0.013, respectively (P<0.05). The HepG2/DC-activated CTLs showed a potent specific killing efficacy to HepG2.
CONCLUSION: Fusions of HCC patient-derived DC with HCC cells can effectively stimulate autologous T lymphocytes to elicit specific antitumor immunity against HCC, and may represent as a promising approach of immunotherapy for HCC.
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Schultze JL, Fiore F, von Bergwelt-Baildon M. DCs in lymphoma — biology and therapeutic aspects. Cytotherapy 2004; 6:138-47. [PMID: 15203990 DOI: 10.1080/14653240410006095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J L Schultze
- Molecular Tumor Biology and Tumor Immunology, Internal Medicine I, Hematology and Oncology Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Lambert SL, Okada CY, Levy R. TCR Vaccines against a Murine T Cell Lymphoma: A Primary Role for Antibodies of the IgG2c Class in Tumor Protection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:929-36. [PMID: 14707065 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.2.929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated proteins can act as effective immunotherapeutic targets. Immunization with tumor TCR protein conjugated to the immunogenic protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) protects mice from tumor challenge with the murine T cell lymphoma C6VL. The immune mechanisms responsible for this tumor protection are of interest for designing more effective vaccine strategies. Previous studies using depletion experiments had suggested a CD8-mediated component of protection induced by TCR-KLH vaccines. In this study we used CD8alpha knockout, micro MT, and FcgammaR knockout mice to investigate the relative roles of CD8+ T cells and Ab in protective immunity induced by TCR-KLH immunization. We found that CD8+ T cells are not required for tumor protection, although they may contribute to protection. Vaccine-induced Abs are sufficient to mediate protection against this murine T cell lymphoma through an FcR-dependent mechanism. This was confirmed with Ab transfers, which protect challenged mice. Additionally, recombinase-activating gene 1(-/-) splenocytes can mediate Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against this tumor in the presence of bound anti-TCR Abs. IFN-gamma knockout mice demonstrated a requirement for IFN-gamma, probably via generation of IgG2c Abs, in vaccine-induced tumor protection. IFN-gamma knockout mice were not protected by immunization and had a severe impairment in IgG2c Ab production in response to immunization. Although mock-depleted anti-TCR Abs could transfer tumor protection, IgG2c-deficient anti-TCR Abs were unable to transfer tumor protection to wild-type mice. These results suggest that TCR-KLH vaccine-induced tumor protection in the C6VL system is primarily attributable to the induction of IgG2c Abs and humoral immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/physiology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/genetics
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Hemocyanins/administration & dosage
- Hemocyanins/immunology
- Immunization, Passive
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin G/physiology
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/physiology
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Interleukin-12/administration & dosage
- Interleukin-12/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Fc/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacie L Lambert
- Division of Oncology and Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 369 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Timmerman JM. Therapeutic idiotype vaccines for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2004; 51:271-93. [PMID: 15464914 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(04)51012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M Timmerman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles Center for Health Sciences, 42-121 Los Angeles, California 90095-1678, USA
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