1
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Lan BH, Becker M, Freund C. The mode of action of tapasin on major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) molecules. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102987. [PMID: 36758805 PMCID: PMC10040737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tapasin (Tsn) plays a critical role in antigen processing and presentation by major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules. The mechanism of Tsn-mediated peptide loading and exchange hinges on the conformational dynamics governing the interaction of Tsn and MHC-I with recent structural and functional studies pinpointing the critical sites of direct or allosteric regulation. In this review, we highlight these recent findings and relate them to the extensive molecular and cellular data that are available for these evolutionary interdependent proteins. Furthermore, allotypic differences of MHC-I with regard to the editing and chaperoning function of Tsn are reviewed and related to the mechanistic observations. Finally, evolutionary aspects of the mode of action of Tsn will be discussed, a short comparison with the Tsn-related molecule TAPBPR (Tsn-related protein) will be given, and the impact of Tsn on noncanonical MHC-I molecules will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- By Huan Lan
- Institute of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Becker
- Institute of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Institute of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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A transformer-based model to predict peptide–HLA class I binding and optimize mutated peptides for vaccine design. NAT MACH INTELL 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s42256-022-00459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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3
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Abualrous ET, Sticht J, Freund C. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II proteins: impact of polymorphism on antigen presentation. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 70:95-104. [PMID: 34052735 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci are amongst the most polymorphic regions in the genomes of vertebrates. In the human population, thousands of MHC gene variants (alleles) exist that translate into distinct allotypes equipped with overlapping but unique peptide binding profiles. Understanding the differential structural and dynamic properties of MHC alleles and their interaction with critical regulators of peptide exchange bears the potential for more personalized strategies of immune modulation in the context of HLA-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam T Abualrous
- Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Sticht
- Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Illing PT, van Hateren A, Darley R, Croft NP, Mifsud NA, King S, Kostenko L, Bharadwaj M, McCluskey J, Elliott T, Purcell AW. Kinetics of Abacavir-Induced Remodelling of the Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Peptide Repertoire. Front Immunol 2021; 12:672737. [PMID: 34093574 PMCID: PMC8170132 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abacavir hypersensitivity syndrome can occur in individuals expressing the HLA-B*57:01 major histocompatibility complex class I allotype when utilising the drug abacavir as a part of their anti-retroviral regimen. The drug is known to bind within the HLA-B*57:01 antigen binding cleft, leading to the selection of novel self-peptide ligands, thus provoking life-threatening immune responses. However, the sub-cellular location of abacavir binding and the mechanics of altered peptide selection are not well understood. Here, we probed the impact of abacavir on the assembly of HLA-B*57:01 peptide complexes. We show that whilst abacavir had minimal impact on the maturation or average stability of HLA-B*57:01 molecules, abacavir was able to differentially enhance the formation, selectively decrease the dissociation, and alter tapasin loading dependency of certain HLA-B*57:01-peptide complexes. Our data reveals a spectrum of abacavir mediated effects on the immunopeptidome which reconciles the heterogeneous functional T cell data reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia T. Illing
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Andy van Hateren
- Institute for Life Sciences and Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Darley
- Institute for Life Sciences and Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan P. Croft
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole A. Mifsud
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel King
- Institute for Life Sciences and Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Lyudmila Kostenko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mandvi Bharadwaj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tim Elliott
- Institute for Life Sciences and Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony W. Purcell
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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5
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Thomas C, Tampé R. MHC I assembly and peptide editing - chaperones, clients, and molecular plasticity in immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 70:48-56. [PMID: 33689959 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Peptides presented on MHC I molecules allow the immune system to detect diseased cells. The displayed peptides typically stem from proteasomal degradation of cytoplasmic proteins and are translocated into the ER lumen where they are trimmed and loaded onto MHC I. Peptide translocation is carried out by the transporter associated with antigen processing, which forms the central building block of a dynamic assembly called the peptide-loading complex (PLC). By coordinating peptide transfer with MHC I loading and peptide optimization, the PLC is a linchpin in the adaptive immune system. Peptide loading and optimization is catalyzed by the PLC component tapasin and the PLC-independent TAPBPR, two MHC I-dedicated enzymes chaperoning empty or suboptimally loaded MHC I and selecting stable peptide-MHC I complexes in a process called peptide editing or proofreading. Recent structural and functional studies of peptide editing have dramatically improved our understanding of this pivotal event in antigen processing/presentation. This review is dedicated to Vincenzo Cerundolo (1959-2020) for his pioneering work in the field of antigen processing/presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Thomas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, Frankfurt, 60438 Main, Germany.
| | - Robert Tampé
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, Frankfurt, 60438 Main, Germany.
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6
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HLA polymorphism and tapasin independence influence outcomes of HIV and dengue virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:31570-31572. [PMID: 33239443 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020109117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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7
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Zaitoua AJ, Kaur A, Raghavan M. Variations in MHC class I antigen presentation and immunopeptidome selection pathways. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 33014341 PMCID: PMC7525337 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.26935.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) proteins mediate immunosurveillance against pathogens and cancers by presenting antigenic or mutated peptides to antigen receptors of CD8+ T cells and by engaging receptors of natural killer (NK) cells. In humans, MHC-I molecules are highly polymorphic. MHC-I variations permit the display of thousands of distinct peptides at the cell surface. Recent mass spectrometric studies have revealed unique and shared characteristics of the peptidomes of individual MHC-I variants. The cell surface expression of MHC-I–peptide complexes requires the functions of many intracellular assembly factors, including the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP), tapasin, calreticulin, ERp57, TAP-binding protein related (TAPBPR), endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases (ERAPs), and the proteasomes. Recent studies provide important insights into the structural features of these factors that govern MHC-I assembly as well as the mechanisms underlying peptide exchange. Conformational sensing of MHC-I molecules mediates the quality control of intracellular MHC-I assembly and contributes to immune recognition by CD8 at the cell surface. Recent studies also show that several MHC-I variants can follow unconventional assembly routes to the cell surface, conferring selective immune advantages that can be exploited for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita J Zaitoua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Malini Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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8
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Ilca FT, Drexhage LZ, Brewin G, Peacock S, Boyle LH. Distinct Polymorphisms in HLA Class I Molecules Govern Their Susceptibility to Peptide Editing by TAPBPR. Cell Rep 2020; 29:1621-1632.e3. [PMID: 31693900 PMCID: PMC7057265 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how peptide selection is controlled on different major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules is pivotal for determining how variations in these proteins influence our predisposition to infectious diseases, cancer, and autoinflammatory conditions. Although the intracellular chaperone TAPBPR edits MHC I peptides, it is unclear which allotypes are subjected to TAPBPR-mediated peptide editing. Here, we examine the ability of 97 different human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I allotypes to interact with TAPBPR. We reveal a striking preference of TAPBPR for HLA-A, particularly for supertypes A2 and A24, over HLA-B and -C molecules. We demonstrate that the increased propensity of these HLA-A molecules to undergo TAPBPR-mediated peptide editing is determined by molecular features of the HLA-A F pocket, specifically residues H114 and Y116. This work reveals that specific polymorphisms in MHC I strongly influence their susceptibility to chaperone-mediated peptide editing, which may play a significant role in disease predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tudor Ilca
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Linnea Z Drexhage
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gemma Brewin
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Box 209, Level 6 ATC, Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sarah Peacock
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Box 209, Level 6 ATC, Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Louise H Boyle
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.
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9
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Molecular determinants of chaperone interactions on MHC-I for folding and antigen repertoire selection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25602-25613. [PMID: 31796585 PMCID: PMC6926029 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915562116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between a highly polymorphic set of MHC-I alleles and molecular chaperones shapes the repertoire of peptide antigens displayed on the cell surface for T cell surveillance. Here, we demonstrate that the molecular chaperone TAP-binding protein related (TAPBPR) associates with a broad range of partially folded MHC-I species inside the cell. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and deep mutational scanning reveal that TAPBPR recognition is polarized toward the α2 domain of the peptide-binding groove, and depends on the formation of a conserved MHC-I disulfide epitope in the α2 domain. Conversely, thermodynamic measurements of TAPBPR binding for a representative set of properly conformed, peptide-loaded molecules suggest a narrower MHC-I specificity range. Using solution NMR, we find that the extent of dynamics at "hotspot" surfaces confers TAPBPR recognition of a sparsely populated MHC-I state attained through a global conformational change. Consistently, restriction of MHC-I groove plasticity through the introduction of a disulfide bond between the α1/α2 helices abrogates TAPBPR binding, both in solution and on a cellular membrane, while intracellular binding is tolerant of many destabilizing MHC-I substitutions. Our data support parallel TAPBPR functions of 1) chaperoning unstable MHC-I molecules with broad allele-specificity at early stages of their folding process, and 2) editing the peptide cargo of properly conformed MHC-I molecules en route to the surface, which demonstrates a narrower specificity. Our results suggest that TAPBPR exploits localized structural adaptations, both near and distant to the peptide-binding groove, to selectively recognize discrete conformational states sampled by MHC-I alleles, toward editing the repertoire of displayed antigens.
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10
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Illing PT, Pymm P, Croft NP, Hilton HG, Jojic V, Han AS, Mendoza JL, Mifsud NA, Dudek NL, McCluskey J, Parham P, Rossjohn J, Vivian JP, Purcell AW. HLA-B57 micropolymorphism defines the sequence and conformational breadth of the immunopeptidome. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4693. [PMID: 30410026 PMCID: PMC6224591 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07109-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunophenotypic differences between closely related human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles have been associated with divergent clinical outcomes in infection, autoimmunity, transplantation and drug hypersensitivity. Here we explore the impact of micropolymorphism on peptide antigen presentation by three closely related HLA molecules, HLA-B*57:01, HLA-B*57:03 and HLA-B*58:01, that are differentially associated with the HIV elite controller phenotype and adverse drug reactions. For each allotype, we mine HLA ligand data sets derived from the same parental cell proteome to define qualitative differences in peptide presentation using classical peptide binding motifs and an unbiased statistical approach. The peptide repertoires show marked qualitative overlap, with 982 peptides presented by all allomorphs. However, differences in peptide abundance, HLA-peptide stability, and HLA-bound conformation demonstrate that HLA micropolymorphism impacts more than simply the range of peptide ligands. These differences provide grounds for distinct immune reactivity and insights into the capacity of micropolymorphism to diversify immune outcomes. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are multi-allelic and polymorphic genes that present antigens to immune cells for inducing protective immunity. Here, using systems biology and structural approaches, the authors show that micropolymorphism of three HLA has effects beyond the modulation of antigen diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia T Illing
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Phillip Pymm
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Nathan P Croft
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Hugo G Hilton
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA.,Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, 94080, CA, USA
| | - Vladimir Jojic
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, 94080, CA, USA
| | - Alex S Han
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Juan L Mendoza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA.,Institute for Molecular Engineering and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, IL, USA
| | - Nicole A Mifsud
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Nadine L Dudek
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Peter Parham
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Julian P Vivian
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia. .,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Anthony W Purcell
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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11
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Trowitzsch S, Tampé R. ABC Transporters in Dynamic Macromolecular Assemblies. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:4481-4495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Kelly A, Trowsdale J. Genetics of antigen processing and presentation. Immunogenetics 2018; 71:161-170. [PMID: 30215098 PMCID: PMC6394470 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-018-1082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immune response to disease requires coordinated expression of an army of molecules. The highly polymorphic MHC class I and class II molecules are key to control of specificity of antigen presentation. Processing of the antigen, to peptides or other moieties, requires other sets of molecules. For classical class I, this includes TAP peptide transporters, proteasome components and Tapasin, genes which are encoded within the MHC. Similarly, HLA-DO and -DM, which influence presentation by HLA class II molecules, are encoded in the MHC region. Analysis of MHC mutants, including point mutations and large deletions, has been central to understanding the roles of these genes. Mouse genetics has also played a major role. Many other genes have been identified including those controlling expression of HLA class I and class II at the transcriptional level. Another genetic approach that has provided insight has been the analysis of microorganisms, including viruses and bacteria that escape immune recognition by blocking these antigen processing and presentation pathways. Here, we provide a brief history of the genetic approaches, both traditional and modern, that have been used in the quest to understand antigen processing and presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kelly
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB21QP, UK
| | - John Trowsdale
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB21QP, UK.
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13
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Wieczorek M, Abualrous ET, Sticht J, Álvaro-Benito M, Stolzenberg S, Noé F, Freund C. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class I and MHC Class II Proteins: Conformational Plasticity in Antigen Presentation. Front Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28367149 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00292.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins is essential for adaptive immunity. Prior to presentation, peptides need to be generated from proteins that are either produced by the cell's own translational machinery or that are funneled into the endo-lysosomal vesicular system. The prolonged interaction between a T cell receptor and specific pMHC complexes, after an extensive search process in secondary lymphatic organs, eventually triggers T cells to proliferate and to mount a specific cellular immune response. Once processed, the peptide repertoire presented by MHC proteins largely depends on structural features of the binding groove of each particular MHC allelic variant. Additionally, two peptide editors-tapasin for class I and HLA-DM for class II-contribute to the shaping of the presented peptidome by favoring the binding of high-affinity antigens. Although there is a vast amount of biochemical and structural information, the mechanism of the catalyzed peptide exchange for MHC class I and class II proteins still remains controversial, and it is not well understood why certain MHC allelic variants are more susceptible to peptide editing than others. Recent studies predict a high impact of protein intermediate states on MHC allele-specific peptide presentation, which implies a profound influence of MHC dynamics on the phenomenon of immunodominance and the development of autoimmune diseases. Here, we review the recent literature that describe MHC class I and II dynamics from a theoretical and experimental point of view and we highlight the similarities between MHC class I and class II dynamics despite the distinct functions they fulfill in adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Wieczorek
- Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Esam T Abualrous
- Computational Molecular Biology Group, Institute for Mathematics , Berlin , Germany
| | - Jana Sticht
- Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Miguel Álvaro-Benito
- Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Frank Noé
- Computational Molecular Biology Group, Institute for Mathematics , Berlin , Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
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14
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Wieczorek M, Abualrous ET, Sticht J, Álvaro-Benito M, Stolzenberg S, Noé F, Freund C. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class I and MHC Class II Proteins: Conformational Plasticity in Antigen Presentation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:292. [PMID: 28367149 PMCID: PMC5355494 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 560] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins is essential for adaptive immunity. Prior to presentation, peptides need to be generated from proteins that are either produced by the cell’s own translational machinery or that are funneled into the endo-lysosomal vesicular system. The prolonged interaction between a T cell receptor and specific pMHC complexes, after an extensive search process in secondary lymphatic organs, eventually triggers T cells to proliferate and to mount a specific cellular immune response. Once processed, the peptide repertoire presented by MHC proteins largely depends on structural features of the binding groove of each particular MHC allelic variant. Additionally, two peptide editors—tapasin for class I and HLA-DM for class II—contribute to the shaping of the presented peptidome by favoring the binding of high-affinity antigens. Although there is a vast amount of biochemical and structural information, the mechanism of the catalyzed peptide exchange for MHC class I and class II proteins still remains controversial, and it is not well understood why certain MHC allelic variants are more susceptible to peptide editing than others. Recent studies predict a high impact of protein intermediate states on MHC allele-specific peptide presentation, which implies a profound influence of MHC dynamics on the phenomenon of immunodominance and the development of autoimmune diseases. Here, we review the recent literature that describe MHC class I and II dynamics from a theoretical and experimental point of view and we highlight the similarities between MHC class I and class II dynamics despite the distinct functions they fulfill in adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Wieczorek
- Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Esam T Abualrous
- Computational Molecular Biology Group, Institute for Mathematics , Berlin , Germany
| | - Jana Sticht
- Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Miguel Álvaro-Benito
- Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Frank Noé
- Computational Molecular Biology Group, Institute for Mathematics , Berlin , Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Protein Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
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15
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Dellgren C, Ekwelum VAC, Ormhøj M, Pallesen N, Knudsen J, Nehlin JO, Barington T. Low Constitutive Cell Surface Expression of HLA-B Is Caused by a Posttranslational Mechanism Involving Glu180 and Arg239. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4807-4816. [PMID: 27821669 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
HLA class I cell surface expression is crucial for normal immune responses, and variability in HLA expression may influence the course of infections. We have previously shown that classical HLA class I expression on many human cell types is biased with greatly reduced expression of HLA-B compared with HLA-A in the absence of inflammatory signals. In the search for the mechanisms responsible for this discrepancy, we have recently reported that the regulation is mainly posttranslational and that the C-terminal part of the α2 domain and the α3 domain contain the molecular determinants that explain most of the variability of expression between common HLA-A and -B allomorphs. In this study, we present a fine mapping of the structural determinants that allow such variability by exchanging key amino acids located within the C-terminal part of the α2 domain and the α3 domain of HLA-A2 and -B8, including Glu/Asp at position 177, Gln/Glu at position 180, Gly/Arg at position 239, and Pro/Ser at position 280. We found that the HLA-A2 and -B8 expression profiles could be interconverted to a large extent by mutual exchange of Gln/Glu at position 180 or by Gly/Arg at position 239. The presence of Gln180 and Gly239, as in HLA-A2, led to higher cell surface expression levels when compared with the presence of Glu180 and Arg239, as in HLA-B8. This indicates that the amino acids at positions 180 and 239 determine the level of cell surface expression of common HLA-A and -B allomorphs, probably by affecting HLA processing in the Ag presentation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Dellgren
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Vanessa A C Ekwelum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Ormhøj
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Nicole Pallesen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Julie Knudsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan O Nehlin
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Torben Barington
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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16
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Manandhar T, Kunze-Schumacher H, Huyton T, Celik AA, Blasczyk R, Bade-Doeding C. Understanding the obstacle of incompatibility at residue 156 within HLA-B*35 subtypes. Immunogenetics 2016; 68:247-60. [PMID: 26758079 PMCID: PMC4799800 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-015-0896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Defining permissive and non-permissive mismatches for transplantation is a demanding challenge. Single mismatches at amino acid (AA) position 156 of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I have been described to alter the peptide motif, repertoire, or mode of peptide loading through differential interaction with the peptide-loading complex. Hence, a single mismatch can tip the balance and trigger an immunological reaction. HLA-B*35 subtypes have been described to evade the loading complex, 156 mismatch distinguishing B*35:01 and B*35:08 changes the binding groove sufficiently to alter the sequence features of the selected peptide repertoire. To understand the functional influences of residue 156 in B*35 variants, we analyzed the peptide binding profiles of HLA-B*35:01156Leu, B*35:08156Arg and B*35:62156Trp. The glycoprotein tapasin represents a target for immune evasions and functions within the multimeric peptide-loading complex to stabilize empty class I molecules and promote acquisition of high-affinity peptides. All three B*35 subtypes showed a tapasin-independent mode of peptide acquisition. HLA-B*35-restricted peptides of low- and high-binding affinities were recovered in the presence and absence of tapasin and subsequently sequenced utilizing mass spectrometry. The peptides derived from B*35 variants differ substantially in their features dependent on their mode of recruitment; all peptides were preferentially anchored by Pro at p2 and Tyr, Phe, Leu, or Lys at pΩ. However, the Trp at residue 156 altered the p2 motif to an Ala and restricted the pΩ to a Trp. Our results highlight the importance of understanding the impact of key micropolymorphism and how a single AA mismatch orchestrates the neighboring AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trishna Manandhar
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 5, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike Kunze-Schumacher
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 5, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Trevor Huyton
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 5, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander A Celik
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 5, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 5, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Bade-Doeding
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 5, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Hermann C, Trowsdale J, Boyle LH. TAPBPR: a new player in the MHC class I presentation pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 85:155-66. [PMID: 25720504 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to provide specificity for T cell responses against pathogens and tumours, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules present high-affinity peptides at the cell surface to T cells. A key player for peptide loading is the MHC class I-dedicated chaperone tapasin. Recently we discovered a second MHC class I-dedicated chaperone, the tapasin-related protein TAPBPR. Here, we review the major steps in the MHC class I pathway and the TAPBPR data. We discuss the potential function of TAPBPR in the MHC class I pathway and the involvement of this previously uncharacterised protein in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hermann
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
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18
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Cell surface expression level variation between two common Human Leukocyte Antigen alleles, HLA-A2 and HLA-B8, is dependent on the structure of the C terminal part of the alpha 2 and the alpha 3 domains. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135385. [PMID: 26258424 PMCID: PMC4530957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive cell surface expression of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I antigens vary extremely from tissue to tissue and individual antigens may differ widely in expression levels. Down-regulation of class I expression is a known immune evasive mechanism used by cancer cells and viruses. Moreover, recent observations suggest that even minor differences in expression levels may influence the course of viral infections and the frequency of complications to stem cell transplantation. We have shown that some human multipotent stem cells have high expression of HLA-A while HLA-B is only weakly expressed, and demonstrate here that this is also the case for the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293T. Using quantitative flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction we found expression levels of endogenous HLA-A3 (median 71,204 molecules per cell) 9.2-fold higher than the expression of-B7 (P = 0.002). Transfection experiments with full-length HLA-A2 and -B8 encoding plasmids confirmed this (54,031 molecules per cell vs. 2,466, respectively, P = 0.001) independently of transcript levels suggesting a post-transcriptional regulation. Using chimeric constructs we found that the cytoplasmic tail and the transmembrane region had no impact on the differential cell surface expression. In contrast, ~65% of the difference could be mapped to the six C-terminal amino acids of the alpha 2 domain and the alpha 3 domain (amino acids 176–284), i.e. amino acids not previously shown to be of importance for differential expression levels of HLA class I molecules. We suggest that the differential cell surface expression of two common HLA-A and–B alleles is regulated by a post-translational mechanism that may involve hitherto unrecognized molecules.
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van de Weijer ML, Luteijn RD, Wiertz EJHJ. Viral immune evasion: Lessons in MHC class I antigen presentation. Semin Immunol 2015; 27:125-37. [PMID: 25887630 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The MHC class I antigen presentation pathway enables cells infected with intracellular pathogens to signal the presence of the invader to the immune system. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are able to eliminate the infected cells through recognition of pathogen-derived peptides presented by MHC class I molecules at the cell surface. In the course of evolution, many viruses have acquired inhibitors that target essential stages of the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway. Studies on these immune evasion proteins reveal fascinating strategies used by viruses to elude the immune system. Viral immunoevasins also constitute great research tools that facilitate functional studies on the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway, allowing the investigation of less well understood routes, such as TAP-independent antigen presentation and cross-presentation of exogenous proteins. Viral immunoevasins have also helped to unravel more general cellular processes. For instance, basic principles of ER-associated protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway have been resolved using virus-induced degradation of MHC class I as a model. This review highlights how viral immunoevasins have increased our understanding of MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rutger D Luteijn
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel J H J Wiertz
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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20
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Abualrous ET, Fritzsche S, Hein Z, Al-Balushi MS, Reinink P, Boyle LH, Wellbrock U, Antoniou AN, Springer S. F pocket flexibility influences the tapasin dependence of two differentially disease-associated MHC Class I proteins. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1248-57. [PMID: 25615938 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The human MHC class I protein HLA-B*27:05 is statistically associated with ankylosing spondylitis, unlike HLA-B*27:09, which differs in a single amino acid in the F pocket of the peptide-binding groove. To understand how this unique amino acid difference leads to a different behavior of the proteins in the cell, we have investigated the conformational stability of both proteins using a combination of in silico and experimental approaches. Here, we show that the binding site of B*27:05 is conformationally disordered in the absence of peptide due to a charge repulsion at the bottom of the F pocket. In agreement with this, B*27:05 requires the chaperone protein tapasin to a greater extent than the conformationally stable B*27:09 in order to remain structured and to bind peptide. Taken together, our data demonstrate a method to predict tapasin dependence and physiological behavior from the sequence and crystal structure of a particular class I allotype. Also watch the Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam T Abualrous
- Department of Life Science and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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21
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Ostermeir K, Springer S, Zacharias M. Coupling between side chain interactions and binding pocket flexibility in HLA-B*44:02 molecules investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Mol Immunol 2015; 63:312-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ameres S, Besold K, Plachter B, Moosmann A. CD8 T cell-evasive functions of human cytomegalovirus display pervasive MHC allele specificity, complementarity, and cooperativity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5894-905. [PMID: 24808364 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunoevasive proteins ("evasins") of human CMV (HCMV) modulate stability and localization of MHC class I (MHC I) molecules, and their supply of antigenic peptides. However, it is largely unknown to what extent these evasins interfere with recognition by virus-specific CD8 T cells. We analyzed the recognition of HCMV-infected cells by a panel of CD8 T cells restricted through one of nine different MHC I allotypes. We employed a set of HCMV mutants deleted for three or all four of the MHC I modulatory genes US2, US3, US6, and US11. We found that different HCMV evasins exhibited different allotype-specific patterns of interference with CD8 T cell recognition of infected cells. In contrast, recognition of different epitopes presented by the same given MHC I allotype was uniformly reduced. For some allotypes, single evasins largely abolished T cell recognition; for others, a concerted action of evasins was required to abrogate recognition. In infected cells whose Ag presentation efficiency had been enhanced by IFN-γ pretreatment, HCMV evasins cooperatively impared T cell recognition for several different MHC I allotypes. T cell recognition and MHC I surface expression under influence of evasins were only partially congruent, underscoring the necessity to probe HCMV immunomodulation using specific T cells. We conclude that the CD8 T cell evasins of HCMV display MHC I allotype specificity, complementarity, and cooperativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Ameres
- Klinische Kooperationsgruppe Immunonkologie, Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum der Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; Abteilung Genvektoren, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, 81675 Munich, Germany; and
| | - Katrin Besold
- Institut für Virologie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bodo Plachter
- Institut für Virologie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Moosmann
- Klinische Kooperationsgruppe Immunonkologie, Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum der Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; Abteilung Genvektoren, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, 81675 Munich, Germany; and
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23
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Magor KE, Miranzo Navarro D, Barber MRW, Petkau K, Fleming-Canepa X, Blyth GAD, Blaine AH. Defense genes missing from the flight division. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 41:377-88. [PMID: 23624185 PMCID: PMC7172724 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Birds have a smaller repertoire of immune genes than mammals. In our efforts to study antiviral responses to influenza in avian hosts, we have noted key genes that appear to be missing. As a result, we speculate that birds have impaired detection of viruses and intracellular pathogens. Birds are missing TLR8, a detector for single-stranded RNA. Chickens also lack RIG-I, the intracellular detector for single-stranded viral RNA. Riplet, an activator for RIG-I, is also missing in chickens. IRF3, the nuclear activator of interferon-beta in the RIG-I pathway is missing in birds. Downstream of interferon (IFN) signaling, some of the antiviral effectors are missing, including ISG15, and ISG54 and ISG56 (IFITs). Birds have only three antibody isotypes and IgD is missing. Ducks, but not chickens, make an unusual truncated IgY antibody that is missing the Fc fragment. Chickens have an expanded family of LILR leukocyte receptor genes, called CHIR genes, with hundreds of members, including several that encode IgY Fc receptors. Intriguingly, LILR homologues appear to be missing in ducks, including these IgY Fc receptors. The truncated IgY in ducks, and the duplicated IgY receptor genes in chickens may both have resulted from selective pressure by a pathogen on IgY FcR interactions. Birds have a minimal MHC, and the TAP transport and presentation of peptides on MHC class I is constrained, limiting function. Perhaps removing some constraint, ducks appear to lack tapasin, a chaperone involved in loading peptides on MHC class I. Finally, the absence of lymphotoxin-alpha and beta may account for the observed lack of lymph nodes in birds. As illustrated by these examples, the picture that emerges is some impairment of immune response to viruses in birds, either a cause or consequence of the host-pathogen arms race and long evolutionary relationship of birds and RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine E Magor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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Ashraf S, Nitschke K, Warshow UM, Brooks CR, Kim AY, Lauer GM, Hydes TJ, Cramp ME, Alexander G, Little AM, Thimme R, Neumann-Haefelin C, Khakoo SI. Synergism of tapasin and human leukocyte antigens in resolving hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology 2013; 58:881-9. [PMID: 23532923 PMCID: PMC3759612 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED CD8+ T-cell responses to hepatitis C virus (HCV) are important in generating a successful immune response and spontaneously clearing infection. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I presents viral peptides to CD8+ T cells to permit detection of infected cells, and tapasin is an important component of the peptide loading complex for HLA class I. We sought to determine if tapasin polymorphisms affected the outcome of HCV infection. Patients with resolved or chronic HCV infection were genotyped for the known G/C coding polymorphism in exon 4 of the tapasin gene. In a European, but not a US, Caucasian population, the tapasin G allele was significantly associated with the outcome of HCV infection, being found in 82.5% of resolvers versus 71.3% of persistently infected individuals (P = 0.02, odds ratio [OR] = 1.90 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11-3.23). This was more marked at the HLA-B locus at which heterozygosity of both tapasin and HLA-B was protective (P < 0.03). Individuals with an HLA-B allele with an aspartate at residue 114 and the tapasin G allele were more likely to spontaneously resolve HCV infection (P < 0.00003, OR = 3.2 95% CI = 1.6-6.6). Additionally, individuals with chronic HCV and the combination of an HLA-B allele with an aspartate at residue 114 and the tapasin G allele also had stronger CD8+ T-cell responses (P = 0.02, OR = 2.58, 95% CI-1.05-6.5). CONCLUSION Tapasin alleles contribute to the outcome of HCV infection by synergizing with polymorphisms at HLA-B in a population-specific manner. This polymorphism may be relevant for peptide vaccination strategies against HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Ashraf
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
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25
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Geironson L, Thuring C, Harndahl M, Rasmussen M, Buus S, Røder G, Paulsson KM. Tapasin facilitation of natural HLA-A and -B allomorphs is strongly influenced by peptide length, depends on stability, and separates closely related allomorphs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:3939-47. [PMID: 23980206 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite an abundance of peptides inside a cell, only a small fraction is ultimately presented by HLA-I on the cell surface. The presented peptides have HLA-I allomorph-specific motifs and are restricted in length. So far, detailed length studies have been limited to few allomorphs. Peptide-HLA-I (pHLA-I) complexes of different allomorphs are qualitatively and quantitatively influenced by tapasin to different degrees, but again, its effect has only been investigated for a small number of HLA-I allomorphs. Although both peptide length and tapasin dependence are known to be important for HLA-I peptide presentation, the relationship between them has never been studied. In this study, we used random peptide libraries from 7- to 13-mers and studied binding in the presence and absence of a recombinant truncated form of tapasin. The data show that HLA-I allomorphs are differentially affected by tapasin, different lengths of peptides generated different amounts of pHLA-I complexes, and HLA-A allomorphs are generally less restricted than HLA-B allomorphs to peptides of the classical length of 8-10 aa. We also demonstrate that tapasin facilitation varies for different peptide lengths, and that the correlation between high degree of tapasin facilitation and low stability is valid for different random peptide mixes of specific lengths. In conclusion, these data show that tapasin has specificity for the combination of peptide length and HLA-I allomorph, and suggest that tapasin promotes formation of pHLA-I complexes with high on and off rates, an important intermediary step in the HLA-I maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Geironson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Immunology Section, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
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26
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HLA-specific intracellular epitope processing shapes an immunodominance pattern for HLA-B*57 that is distinct from HLA-B*58:01. J Virol 2013; 87:10889-94. [PMID: 23864640 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01122-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-B*57 is strongly associated with immune control of HIV and delayed AIDS progression. The closely related, but less protective, HLA-B*58:01 presents similar epitopes, but HLA-B*58:01(+) individuals do not generate CD8(+) T cells targeting the KF11-Gag epitope, which has been linked to low viremia. Here we show that HLA-B*58:01 binds and presents KF11 peptide, but HIV-infected HLA-B*58:01(+) cells fail to process KF11. This unexpected finding demonstrates that immunodominance patterns can be influenced by intracellular events independent of HLA binding motifs.
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27
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Ameres S, Mautner J, Schlott F, Neuenhahn M, Busch DH, Plachter B, Moosmann A. Presentation of an immunodominant immediate-early CD8+ T cell epitope resists human cytomegalovirus immunoevasion. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003383. [PMID: 23717207 PMCID: PMC3662661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) depends on CD8+ T cell responses that are shaped by an individual's repertoire of MHC molecules. MHC class I presentation is modulated by a set of HCMV-encoded proteins. Here we show that HCMV immunoevasins differentially impair T cell recognition of epitopes from the same viral antigen, immediate-early 1 (IE-1), that are presented by different MHC class I allotypes. In the presence of immunoevasins, HLA-A- and HLA-B-restricted T cell clones were ineffective, but HLA-C*0702-restricted T cell clones recognized and killed infected cells. Resistance of HLA-C*0702 to viral immunoevasins US2 and US11 was mediated by the alpha3 domain and C-terminal region of the HLA heavy chain. In healthy donors, HLA-C*0702-restricted T cells dominated the T cell response to IE-1. The same HLA-C allotype specifically protected infected cells from attack by NK cells that expressed a corresponding HLA-C-specific KIR. Thus, allotype-specific viral immunoevasion allows HCMV to escape control by NK cells and HLA-A- and HLA-B-restricted T cells, while the virus becomes selectively vulnerable to an immunodominant population of HLA-C-restricted T cells. Our work identifies a T cell population that may be of particular efficiency in HCMV-specific immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Ameres
- Clinical Cooperation Group Immunooncology, Department of Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, and Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- DZIF – German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Josef Mautner
- DZIF – German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Pediatric Tumor Immunology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Children's Hospital, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Schlott
- DZIF – German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Immune Monitoring, Helmholtz Zentrum München and Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Neuenhahn
- DZIF – German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Immune Monitoring, Helmholtz Zentrum München and Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- DZIF – German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Immune Monitoring, Helmholtz Zentrum München and Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bodo Plachter
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Moosmann
- Clinical Cooperation Group Immunooncology, Department of Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, and Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- DZIF – German Center for Infection Research, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Tapasin-related protein TAPBPR is an additional component of the MHC class I presentation pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:3465-70. [PMID: 23401559 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1222342110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tapasin is an integral component of the peptide-loading complex (PLC) important for efficient peptide loading onto MHC class I molecules. We investigated the function of the tapasin-related protein, TAPBPR. Like tapasin, TAPBPR is widely expressed, IFN-γ-inducible, and binds to MHC class I coupled with β2-microglobulin in the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast to tapasin, TAPBPR does not bind ERp57 or calreticulin and is not an integral component of the PLC. β2-microglobulin is essential for the association between TAPBPR and MHC class I. However, the association between TAPBPR and MHC class I occurs in the absence of a functional PLC, suggesting peptide is not required. Expression of TAPBPR decreases the rate of MHC class I maturation through the secretory pathway and prolongs the association of MHC class I on the PLC. The TAPBPR:MHC class I complex trafficks through the Golgi apparatus, demonstrating a function of TAPBPR beyond the endoplasmic reticulum/cis-Golgi. The identification of TAPBPR as an additional component of the MHC class I antigen-presentation pathway demonstrates that mechanisms controlling MHC class I expression remain incompletely understood.
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Hesse J, Ameres S, Besold K, Krauter S, Moosmann A, Plachter B. Suppression of CD8+ T-cell recognition in the immediate-early phase of human cytomegalovirus infection. J Gen Virol 2012; 94:376-386. [PMID: 23100361 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.045682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) interferes with MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation and thereby reduces recognition by CD8(+) T-cells. This interference is mediated primarily by endoplasmic reticulum-resident glycoproteins that are encoded in the US2-11 region of the viral genome. Such a suppression of recognition would be of particular importance immediately after infection, because several immunodominant viral antigens are already present in the cell in this phase. However, which of the evasion proteins gpUS2-11 interfere(s) with antigen presentation to CD8(+) T-cells at this time of infection is not known. Here we address this question, using recombinant viruses (RV) that express only one of the immunoevasins gpUS2, gpUS3 or gpUS11. Infection with RV-US3 had only a limited impact on the presentation of peptides from the CD8(+) T-cell antigens IE1 and pp65 under immediate-early (IE) conditions imposed by cycloheximide/actinomycin D blocking. Unexpectedly, both RV-US2 and RV-US11 considerably impaired the recognition of IE1 and pp65 by CD8(+) T-cells, and both US2 and, to a lesser extent, US11 were transcribed under IE conditions. Thus, gpUS2 and gpUS11 are key effectors of MHC class I immunoevasion immediately after HCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hesse
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ameres
- Clinical Cooperation Group Immunooncology, Helmholtz Zentrum München and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Besold
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffi Krauter
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Moosmann
- Clinical Cooperation Group Immunooncology, Helmholtz Zentrum München and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bodo Plachter
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Gras S, Burrows SR, Turner SJ, Sewell AK, McCluskey J, Rossjohn J. A structural voyage toward an understanding of the MHC-I-restricted immune response: lessons learned and much to be learned. Immunol Rev 2012; 250:61-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2012.01159.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Gras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; School of Biomedical Sciences; Monash University; Clayton; Australia
| | - Scott R. Burrows
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research and Australian Centre for Vaccine Development; Brisbane; Australia
| | - Stephen J. Turner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Melbourne; Parkville; Australia
| | - Andrew K. Sewell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity; Cardiff University School of Medicine; Cardiff; UK
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Melbourne; Parkville; Australia
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Magira EE, Papasteriades C, Kanterakis S, Toubis M, Roussos C, Monos DS. HLA-A and HLA-DRB1 amino acid polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility and protection to pulmonary tuberculosis in a Greek population. Hum Immunol 2012; 73:641-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Moraru M, Cisneros E, Gómez-Lozano N, de Pablo R, Portero F, Cañizares M, Vaquero M, Roustán G, Millán I, López-Botet M, Vilches C. Host genetic factors in susceptibility to herpes simplex type 1 virus infection: contribution of polymorphic genes at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4412-20. [PMID: 22490439 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
HSV-1 establishes life-long latency that can result in clinical relapses or in asymptomatic virus shedding. Although virtually all adults have been exposed to HSV-1, the clinical course varies remarkably. Genetic host variability could be related to this clinical diversity. In this study, we analyzed the contribution of gene families in chromosomes 1, 6, 12, and 19, which encode key regulators of the innate and adaptive immunity, in a cohort of 302 individuals. Class I and class II alleles of the HLA system, the copy-number variation of NK cell receptor genes (KIR and NKG2C), the combinations of killer cell Ig-like receptor and their HLA ligands, and CD16A and CD32A allotypes of variable affinity for IgG subclasses were all studied. Although no major susceptibility locus for HSV-1 was identified, our results show that the risk of suffering clinical HSV-1 infection is modified by MHC class I allotypes (B*18, C*15, and the group of alleles encoding A19), the high-affinity receptor/ligand pair KIR2DL2/HLA-C1, and the CD16A-158V/F dimorphism. Conversely, HLA class II and CD32A polymorphisms and NKG2C deletion did not seem to influence the clinical course of herpetic infection. Collectively, these findings support an important role in host defense against herpetic infection for several polymorphic genes implicated in adaptive immunity and in surveillance of its subversion. They confirm the crucial role of cytotoxic cells (CTL and NK) and the contribution of genetic diversity to the clinical course of HSV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Moraru
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenética-HLA, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda 28220, Spain
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Garstka MA, Fritzsche S, Lenart I, Hein Z, Jankevicius G, Boyle LH, Elliott T, Trowsdale J, Antoniou AN, Zacharias M, Springer S. Tapasin dependence of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules correlates with their conformational flexibility. FASEB J 2011; 25:3989-98. [PMID: 21836024 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-190249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules present cell internally derived peptides at the plasma membrane for surveillance by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The surface expression of most class I molecules at least partially depends on the endoplasmic reticulum protein, tapasin, which helps them to bind peptides of the right length and sequence. To determine what makes a class I molecule dependent on support by tapasin, we have conducted in silico molecular dynamics (MD) studies and laboratory experiments to assess the conformational state of tapasin-dependent and -independent class I molecules. We find that in the absence of peptide, the region around the F pocket of the peptide binding groove of the tapasin-dependent molecule HLA-B*44:02 is in a disordered conformational state and that it is converted to a conformationally stable state by tapasin. This novel chaperone function of tapasin has not been described previously. We demonstrate that the disordered state of class I is caused by the presence of two adjacent acidic residues in the bottom of the F pocket of class I, and we suggest that conformational disorder is a common feature of tapasin-dependent class I molecules, making them essentially unable to bind peptides on their own. MD simulations are a useful tool to predict such conformational disorder of class I molecules.
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Antoniou AN, Guiliano DB, Lenart I, Burn G, Powis SJ. The oxidative folding and misfolding of human leukocyte antigen-b27. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:669-84. [PMID: 21671754 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex class I molecule human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 is strongly associated with a group of inflammatory arthritic disorders known as the spondyloarthropathies. Many autoimmune diseases exhibit associations with major histocompatibility complex molecules encoded within the class II locus with defined immune responses either mediated by T or B-lymphocytes. Despite the association being known for over 30 years, no defined immune response and target autoantigens have been characterized for the spondyloarthropathies. Thus, the mechanism and role of HLA-B27 in disease pathogenesis remains undetermined. One hypothesis that has recently received much attention has focused around the enhanced propensity for HLA-B27 to misfold and the increased tendency of the heavy chain to dimerize. The misfolding of HLA-B27 has been associated with its redox status and this is postulated to be involved in disease development. Here we discuss the impact of the redox status on HLA-B27 biosynthesis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony N Antoniou
- Division of Infection and Immunity/Centre of Rheumatology, Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, University College London, Windeyer Institute of Medical Science, London, United Kingdom.
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Cho K, Cho S, Lee SO, Oh C, Kang K, Ryoo J, Lee S, Kang S, Ahn K. Redox-regulated peptide transfer from the transporter associated with antigen processing to major histocompatibility complex class I molecules by protein disulfide isomerase. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:621-33. [PMID: 21299467 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Most antigenic peptides are generated by proteasomes in the cytosol and are transported by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) into the endoplasmic reticulum, where they bind with nascent major histocompatibilitiy complex class I molecule (MHC-I). Although the overall process of peptide-MHC-I complex assembly is well studied, the mechanism by which free peptides are delivered from TAP to MHC-I is unknown. In this study, we investigated the possible role of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) as a peptide carrier between TAP and MHC-I. Analysis of PDI-peptide complexes reconstituted in vitro showed that PDI exhibits some degree of specificity for peptides corresponding to antigenic ligands of various human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. Mutations of either anchor residues of the peptide ligand or the peptide-binding site of PDI inhibited the PDI-peptide interaction. The PDI-peptide interaction increased under reducing conditions, whereas binding of the peptide to PDI decreased under oxidizing conditions. TAP-associated PDI was predominantly present in the reduced form, whereas the MHC-I-associated PDI was present in the oxidized form. Further, upon binding of optimal peptides, PDI was released from TAP and sequentially associated with HLA-A2.1. Our data revealed a redox-regulated chaperone function of PDI in delivering antigenic peptides from TAP to MHC-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangmin Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Creative Research Center for Antigen Presentation, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Roder G, Geironson L, Rasmussen M, Harndahl M, Buus S, Paulsson K. Tapasin discriminates peptide-human leukocyte antigen-A*02:01 complexes formed with natural ligands. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:20547-57. [PMID: 21518758 PMCID: PMC3121515 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.230151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A plethora of peptides are generated intracellularly, and most peptide-human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-I interactions are of a transient, unproductive nature. Without a quality control mechanism, the HLA-I system would be stressed by futile attempts to present peptides not sufficient for the stable peptide-HLA-I complex formation required for long term presentation. Tapasin is thought to be central to this essential quality control, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we report that the N-terminal region of tapasin, Tpn(1-87), assisted folding of peptide-HLA-A*02:01 complexes according to the identity of the peptide. The facilitation was also specific for the identity of the HLA-I heavy chain, where it correlated to established tapasin dependence hierarchies. Two large sets of HLA-A*02:01 binding peptides, one extracted from natural HLA-I ligands from the SYFPEITHI database and one consisting of medium to high affinity non-SYFPEITHI ligands, were studied in the context of HLA-A*02:01 binding and stability. We show that the SYFPEITHI peptides induced more stable HLA-A*02:01 molecules than the other ligands, although affinities were similar. Remarkably, Tpn(1-87) could functionally discriminate the selected SYFPEITHI peptides from the other peptide binders with high sensitivity and specificity. We suggest that this HLA-I- and peptide-specific function, together with the functions exerted by the more C-terminal parts of tapasin, are major features of tapasin-mediated HLA-I quality control. These findings are important for understanding the biogenesis of HLA-I molecules, the selection of presented T-cell epitopes, and the identification of immunogenic targets in both basic research and vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Roder
- From the Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Panum DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark and
| | - Linda Geironson
- the Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael Rasmussen
- From the Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Panum DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark and
| | - Mikkel Harndahl
- From the Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Panum DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark and
| | - Søren Buus
- From the Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Panum DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark and
| | - Kajsa Paulsson
- From the Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Panum DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark and
- the Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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Park B, Buti L, Lee S, Matsuwaki T, Spooner E, Brinkmann M, Nishihara M, Ploegh H. Granulin Is a Soluble Cofactor for Toll-like Receptor 9 Signaling. Immunity 2011; 34:505-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Park B, Spooner E, Houser BL, Strominger JL, Ploegh HL. The HCMV membrane glycoprotein US10 selectively targets HLA-G for degradation. J Exp Med 2010; 207:2033-41. [PMID: 20713594 PMCID: PMC2931171 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20091793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encodes an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident transmembrane glycoprotein, US10, expressed early in the replicative cycle of HCMV as part of the same cluster that encodes the known immunoevasins US2, US3, US6, and US11. We show that US10 down-regulates cell surface expression of HLA-G, but not that of classical class I MHC molecules. The unique and short cytoplasmic tail of HLA-G (RKKSSD) is essential in its role as a US10 substrate, and a tri-leucine motif in the cytoplasmic tail of US10 is responsible for down-regulation of HLA-G. Both the kinetics of HLA-G degradation and the mechanisms responsible appear to be distinct from those used by the US2 and US11 pathways, suggesting the existence of a third route of protein dislocation from the ER. We show that US10-mediated degradation of HLA-G interferes with HLA-G-mediated NK cell inhibition. Given the role of HLA-G in protecting the fetus from attack by the maternal immune system and in directing the differentiation of human dendritic cells to promote the evolution of regulatory T cells, HCMV likely targets the HLA-G-dependent axis of immune recognition no less efficiently than it interferes with classical class I MHC-restricted antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyoun Park
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02115
| | - Eric Spooner
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02115
| | - Brandy L. Houser
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Jack L. Strominger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Hidde L. Ploegh
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02115
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Lee S, Park B, Kang K, Ahn K. Redox-regulated export of the major histocompatibility complex class I-peptide complexes from the endoplasmic reticulum. Mol Biol Cell 2009; 20:3285-94. [PMID: 19477919 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e09-03-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the fairly well-characterized mechanism of assembly of MHC class I-peptide complexes, the disassembly mechanism by which peptide-loaded MHC class I molecules are released from the peptide-loading complex and exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is poorly understood. Optimal peptide binding by MHC class I molecules is assumed to be sufficient for triggering exit of peptide-filled MHC class I molecules from the ER. We now show that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) controls MHC class I disassembly by regulating dissociation of the tapasin-ERp57 disulfide conjugate. PDI acts as a peptide-dependent molecular switch; in the peptide-bound state, it binds to tapasin and ERp57 and induces dissociation of the tapasin-ERp57 conjugate. In the peptide-free state, PDI is incompetent to bind to tapasin or ERp57 and fails to dissociate the tapasin-ERp57 conjugates, resulting in ER retention of MHC class I molecules. Thus, our results indicate that even after optimal peptide loading, MHC class I disassembly does not occur by default but, rather, is a regulated process involving PDI-mediated interactions within the peptide-loading complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwook Lee
- National Creative Research Center for Antigen Presentation, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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40
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Kim Y, Kang K, Kim I, Lee YJ, Oh C, Ryoo J, Jeong E, Ahn K. Molecular mechanisms of MHC class I-antigen processing: redox considerations. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:907-36. [PMID: 19178136 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2008.2316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules present antigenic peptides to the cell surface for screening by CD8(+) T cells. A number of ER-resident chaperones assist the assembly of peptides onto MHC class I molecules, a process that can be divided into several steps. Early folding of the MHC class I heavy chain is followed by its association with beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m). The MHC class I heavy chain-beta(2)m heterodimer is incorporated into the peptide-loading complex, leading to peptide loading, release of the peptide-filled MHC class I molecules from the peptide-loading complex, and exit of the complete MHC class I complex from the ER. Because proper antigen presentation is vital for normal immune responses, the assembly of MHC class I molecules requires tight regulation. Emerging evidence indicates that thiol-based redox regulation plays critical roles in MHC class I-restricted antigen processing and presentation, establishing an unexpected link between redox biology and antigen processing. We review the influences of redox regulation on antigen processing and presentation. Because redox signaling pathways are a rich source of validated drug targets, newly discovered redox biology-mediated mechanisms of antigen processing may facilitate the development of more selective and therapeutic drugs or vaccines against immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngkyun Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Antigen Presentation, Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Blanco-Gelaz MA, Suárez-Alvarez B, Díaz-Peña R, López-Larrea C. HLA-B27 polymorphism at position 116 critically influences the association with TAP/tapasin, intracellular trafficking and conformational homodimers formation. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:1304-11. [PMID: 19167761 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HLA-B27 confers susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis but AS disease mechanisms remain unknown. We determined here the effect of polymorphism and tapasin dependence on the expression, intracellular maturation and homodimer formation among HLA-B27 subtypes. We found that B*2709 with a histidine at position 116 was strongly associated with the transporter associated with antigen processing complex, correlated with lower, non-conformational expression on the cell surface, delayed maturation rate and minimal conformational and non-conformational homodimer formation. In contrast, B*2705 showed a low dependence for transporter associated with antigen processing, faster intracellular maturation and increased levels of homodimeric forms. The absence of tapasin significantly influenced the rate of intracellular maturation of B*2709, showing faster transport out of the endoplasmic reticulum, but similar to that of B*2705. All B27 subtypes examined were unable to express conformational homodimeric forms in the absence of tapasin. This study suggests that HLA-B27 polymorphism drives the tapasin dependency, rates of intracellular maturation and expressions of homodimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Blanco-Gelaz
- Histocompatibility and Transplantation Unit. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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Biochemical Features of HLA-B27 and Antigen Processing. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009; 649:210-6. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0298-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
Peptide binding to MHC class I molecules is a component of a folding and assembly process that occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and uses both cellular chaperones and dedicated factors. The involvement of glycoprotein quality-control chaperones and cellular oxidoreductases in peptide binding has led to models that are gradually being refined. Some aspects of the peptide loading process (e.g., the biosynthesis and degradation of MHC class I complexes) conform to models of glycoprotein quality control, but other aspects (e.g., the formation of a stable disulfide-linked dimer between tapasin and ERp57) deviate from models of chaperone and oxidoreductase function. Here we review what is known about the intersection of glycoprotein folding, oxidative reactions, and MHC class I peptide loading, emphasizing events that occur in the ER and within the MHC class I peptide loading complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Peaper
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
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Escobar H, Crockett DK, Reyes-Vargas E, Baena A, Rockwood AL, Jensen PE, Delgado JC. Large Scale Mass Spectrometric Profiling of Peptides Eluted from HLA Molecules Reveals N-Terminal-Extended Peptide Motifs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:4874-82. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.7.4874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Santos SG, Lynch S, Campbell EC, Antoniou AN, Powis SJ. Induction of HLA-B27 heavy chain homodimer formation after activation in dendritic cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 10:R100. [PMID: 18759962 PMCID: PMC2575614 DOI: 10.1186/ar2492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a severe, chronic inflammatory arthritis, with a strong association to the human major histocompatibilty complex (MHC) class I allele human leucocyte antigen (HLA) B27. Disulfide-linked HLA-B27 heavy-chain homodimers have been implicated as novel structures involved in the aetiology of AS. We have studied the formation of HLA-B27 heavy-chain homodimers in human dendritic cells, which are key antigen-presenting cells and regulators of mammalian immune responses. METHOD Both an in vitro dendritic-like cell line and monocyte-derived dendritic cells from peripheral blood were studied. The KG-1 dendritic-like cell line was transfected with HLA-B27 cDNA constructs, and the cellular distribution, intracellular assembly and ability of HLA-B27 to form heavy-chain homodimers was compared with human monocyte-derived dendritic cells after stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RESULTS Immature KG-1 cells expressing HLA-B27 display an intracellular source of MHC class I heavy-chain homodimers partially overlapping with the Golgi bodies, but not the endoplasmic reticulum, which is lost at cell maturation with phorbyl-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin. Significantly, the formation of HLA-B27 homodimers in transfected KG-1 cells is induced by maturation, with a transient induction also seen in LPS-stimulated human monocyte-derived dendritic cells expressing HLA-B27. The weak association of wildtype HLA-B*2705 with the transporter associated with antigen processing could also be enhanced by mutation of residues at position 114 and 116 in the peptide-binding groove to those present in the HLA-B*2706 allele. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that HLA-B27 heavy-chain homodimer formation can be induced by dendritic cell activation, implying that these novel structures may not be displayed to the immune system at all times. Our data suggests that the behaviour of HLA-B27 on dendritic cells may be important in the study of inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana G Santos
- Bute Medical School, Westburn Lane, University of St Andrews, Fife, UK
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46
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Carretero R, Romero JM, Ruiz-Cabello F, Maleno I, Rodriguez F, Camacho FM, Real LM, Garrido F, Cabrera T. Analysis of HLA class I expression in progressing and regressing metastatic melanoma lesions after immunotherapy. Immunogenetics 2008; 60:439-47. [PMID: 18545995 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-008-0303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the potential efficacy of cancer immunotherapy in preclinical studies, it did not show yet significant positive clinical results in humans with only a small number of cancer patients demonstrating objective tumor regression. This poor clinical outcome can be explained by the generation of sophisticated tumor immune escape mechanism, in particular, abnormalities in the expression of HLA class I antigens. We have studied the expression of HLA class I antigens in ten metastatic lesions obtained from a melanoma patient undergoing immunotherapy. Five lesions were obtained after Interferon-alpha-2b treatment and five after autologous vaccination plus BCG (M-VAX). Eight metastases were regressing after immunotherapy while two were progressing. The eight regressing metastases showed high level of HLA class I expression, whereas the two progressing lesions had low levels as measured by real time PCR and immunohistological techniques. These results indicate a strong association between HLA class I expression and progression or regression of the metastatic lesions. Our data support the hypothesis that the level of HLA class I expression is an important parameter of tumor immune escape that needs to be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Carretero
- Departamento de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Avd. Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain
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47
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Røder G, Kristensen O, Kastrup JS, Buus S, Gajhede M. Structure of a SARS coronavirus-derived peptide bound to the human major histocompatibility complex class I molecule HLA-B*1501. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2008; 64:459-62. [PMID: 18540051 PMCID: PMC2496847 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309108012396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I system comprises a highly polymorphic set of molecules that specifically bind and present peptides to cytotoxic T cells. HLA-B*1501 is a prototypical member of the HLA-B62 supertype and only two peptide-HLA-B*1501 structures have been determined. Here, the crystal structure of HLA-B*1501 in complex with a SARS coronavirus-derived nonapeptide (VQQESSFVM) has been determined at high resolution (1.87 A). The peptide is deeply anchored in the B and F pockets, but with the Glu4 residue pointing away from the floor in the peptide-binding groove, making it available for interactions with a potential T-cell receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Røder
- Institute of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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48
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Purcell AW, Elliott T. Molecular machinations of the MHC-I peptide loading complex. Curr Opin Immunol 2008; 20:75-81. [PMID: 18243674 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of an optimal peptide ligand by MHC class I molecules is crucial for the generation of immunity to viruses and tumors. This process is orchestrated by a molecular machine known as the peptide loading complex (PLC) that consists of specialized and general ER-resident molecules. These proteins collaborate to ensure the loading of an optimal peptide ligand into the antigen binding cleft of class I molecules. The surprising diversity of peptides bound to MHC class I molecules and recapitulation of class I assembly in vitro have provided new insights into the molecular machinations of peptide loading. Coupled with the extraordinary polymorphism of class I molecules and their differential dependence on various components of the PLC for cell surface expression, a picture of peptide loading at the molecular level has recently emerged and will be discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W Purcell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Specificity of amyloid precursor-like protein 2 interactions with MHC class I molecules. Immunogenetics 2008; 60:303-13. [PMID: 18452037 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-008-0296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed amyloid precursor-like protein 2 (APLP2) has been previously found to regulate cell surface expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule K(d) and bind strongly to K(d). In the study reported here, we demonstrated that APLP2 binds, in varied degrees, to several other mouse MHC class I allotypes and that the ability of APLP2 to affect cell surface expression of an MHC class I molecule is not limited to K(d). L(d), like K(d), was found associated with APLP2 in the Golgi, but K(d) was also associated with APLP2 within intracellular vesicular structures. We also investigated the effect of beta(2)m on APLP2/MHC interaction and found that human beta(2)m transfection increased the association of APLP2 with mouse MHC class I molecules, likely by affecting H2 class I heavy chain conformation. APLP2 was demonstrated to bind specifically to the conformation of L(d) having folded outer domains, consistent with our previous results with K(d) and indicating APLP2 interacts with the alpha1alpha2 region on each of these H2 class I molecules. Furthermore, we observed that binding to APLP2 involved the MHC alpha3/transmembrane/cytoplasmic region, suggesting that conserved as well as polymorphic regions of the H2 class I molecule may participate in interaction with APLP2. In summary, we demonstrated that APLP2's binding, co-localization pattern, and functional impact vary among H2 class I molecules and that APLP2/MHC association is influenced by multiple domains of the MHC class I heavy chain and by beta(2)m's effects on the conformation of the heavy chain.
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Viral proteins interfering with antigen presentation target the major histocompatibility complex class I peptide-loading complex. J Virol 2008; 82:8246-52. [PMID: 18448533 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00207-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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