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Yu F, Du Z, Zhong Z, Yu X, Chen J, Lu Y, Lin J. Creb2 involved in innate immunity by activating PpMitf-mediated melanogenesis in Pteria penguin. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:108809. [PMID: 37182797 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
cAMP response element binding protein 2 (CREB2) acts as an intracellular transcriptional factor and regulates many physiological processes, including melanogenesis and melanocyte differentiation. In our previous research, the Creb2 gene has been characterized from Pteria penguin (P. penguin), but its role and regulatory mechanism in P. penguin are still unclear. In this study, first, the function of PpCreb2 in melanogenesis and innate immunity were identified. PpCreb2 silencing significantly decreased the tyrosinase activity and melanin content, indicating PpCreb2 played an important role in melanogenesis. Meanwhile, PpCreb2 silencing visibly suppressed the antibacterial activity of hemolymph supernatant, indicating that PpCreb2 was involved in innate immunity of P. penguin. Second, the PpCreb2 was confirmed to perform immune function by regulating the melanogenesis. The decreased melanin oxidation product due to PpCreb2 silencing triggered the declining of antibacterial activity of hemolymph supernatant, which then could be rescued by adding exogenous melanin oxidation products. Third, the regulation pathway of PpCreb2 involved in innate immunity was analyzed. The promoter sequence analysis of PpMitf discovered 5 conserved cAMP response element (CRE), which were specifically recognized by basic Leucine zipper domain (bZIP) of upstream activation transcription factor. The luciferase activities analysis showed that PpCreb2 could activate the CRE in PpMitf promoter via highly conserved bZIP domain and regulate the expression of PpMitf, which further regulated the PpTyr expression. Therefore, the results collectively demonstrated that PpCreb2 participated in innate immunity by activating PpMitf-mediated melanogenesis in P. penguin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Yu
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Academician Joint Laboratory of Germplasm Resource Exploitation, Utilization and Health Assessment for Aquatic Animal, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Zexin Du
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Zhiming Zhong
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Academician Joint Laboratory of Germplasm Resource Exploitation, Utilization and Health Assessment for Aquatic Animal, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Xiangyong Yu
- Ocean College, South China Agriculture University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Academician Joint Laboratory of Germplasm Resource Exploitation, Utilization and Health Assessment for Aquatic Animal, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Academician Joint Laboratory of Germplasm Resource Exploitation, Utilization and Health Assessment for Aquatic Animal, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| | - Jinji Lin
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Academician Joint Laboratory of Germplasm Resource Exploitation, Utilization and Health Assessment for Aquatic Animal, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
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Bender MJ, McPherson AC, Phelps CM, Pandey SP, Laughlin CR, Shapira JH, Medina Sanchez L, Rana M, Richie TG, Mims TS, Gocher-Demske AM, Cervantes-Barragan L, Mullett SJ, Gelhaus SL, Bruno TC, Cannon N, McCulloch JA, Vignali DAA, Hinterleitner R, Joglekar AV, Pierre JF, Lee STM, Davar D, Zarour HM, Meisel M. Dietary tryptophan metabolite released by intratumoral Lactobacillus reuteri facilitates immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. Cell 2023; 186:1846-1862.e26. [PMID: 37028428 PMCID: PMC10148916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of probiotics by cancer patients is increasing, including among those undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. Here, we elucidate a critical microbial-host crosstalk between probiotic-released aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist indole-3-aldehyde (I3A) and CD8 T cells within the tumor microenvironment that potently enhances antitumor immunity and facilitates ICI in preclinical melanoma. Our study reveals that probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (Lr) translocates to, colonizes, and persists within melanoma, where via its released dietary tryptophan catabolite I3A, it locally promotes interferon-γ-producing CD8 T cells, thereby bolstering ICI. Moreover, Lr-secreted I3A was both necessary and sufficient to drive antitumor immunity, and loss of AhR signaling within CD8 T cells abrogated Lr's antitumor effects. Further, a tryptophan-enriched diet potentiated both Lr- and ICI-induced antitumor immunity, dependent on CD8 T cell AhR signaling. Finally, we provide evidence for a potential role of I3A in promoting ICI efficacy and survival in advanced melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie J Bender
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alex C McPherson
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Catherine M Phelps
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Graduate Program of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Surya P Pandey
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Colin R Laughlin
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jake H Shapira
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Luzmariel Medina Sanchez
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Graduate Program of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mohit Rana
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tanner G Richie
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Tahliyah S Mims
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Angela M Gocher-Demske
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Steven J Mullett
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacy L Gelhaus
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tullia C Bruno
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nikki Cannon
- Genetics and Microbiome Core, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John A McCulloch
- Genetics and Microbiome Core, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Reinhard Hinterleitner
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alok V Joglekar
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sonny T M Lee
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Diwakar Davar
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hassane M Zarour
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Medicine and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marlies Meisel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Leopold Wager CM, Bonifacio JR, Simper J, Naoun AA, Arnett E, Schlesinger LS. Activation of transcription factor CREB in human macrophages by Mycobacterium tuberculosis promotes bacterial survival, reduces NF-kB nuclear transit and limits phagolysosome fusion by reduced necroptotic signaling. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011297. [PMID: 37000865 PMCID: PMC10096260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a first line of defense against pathogens. However, certain invading microbes modify macrophage responses to promote their own survival and growth. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is a human-adapted intracellular pathogen that exploits macrophages as an intracellular niche. It was previously reported that M.tb rapidly activates cAMP Response Element Binding Protein (CREB), a transcription factor that regulates diverse cellular responses in macrophages. However, the mechanism(s) underlying CREB activation and its downstream roles in human macrophage responses to M.tb are largely unknown. Herein we determined that M.tb-induced CREB activation is dependent on signaling through MAPK p38 in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Using a CREB-specific inhibitor, we determined that M.tb-induced CREB activation leads to expression of immediate early genes including COX2, MCL-1, CCL8 and c-FOS, as well as inhibition of NF-kB p65 nuclear localization. These early CREB-mediated signaling events predicted that CREB inhibition would lead to enhanced macrophage control of M.tb growth, which we observed over days in culture. CREB inhibition also led to phosphorylation of RIPK3 and MLKL, hallmarks of necroptosis. However, this was unaccompanied by cell death at the time points tested. Instead, bacterial control corresponded with increased colocalization of M.tb with the late endosome/lysosome marker LAMP-1. Increased phagolysosomal fusion detected during CREB inhibition was dependent on RIPK3-induced pMLKL, indicating that M.tb-induced CREB signaling limits phagolysosomal fusion through inhibition of the necroptotic signaling pathway. Altogether, our data show that M.tb induces CREB activation in human macrophages early post-infection to create an environment conducive to bacterial growth. Targeting certain aspects of the CREB-induced signaling pathway may represent an innovative approach for development of host-directed therapeutics to combat TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrissy M. Leopold Wager
- Host Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jordan R. Bonifacio
- Host Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jan Simper
- Host Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Adrian A. Naoun
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eusondia Arnett
- Host Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Larry S. Schlesinger
- Host Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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Álvarez GI, Hernández Del Pino RE, Barbero AM, Estermann MA, Celano J, Musella RM, Palmero DJ, García VE, Pasquinelli V. Association of IFN-γ +874 A/T SNP and hypermethylation of the -53 CpG site with tuberculosis susceptibility. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1080100. [PMID: 36743307 PMCID: PMC9892940 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1080100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is now the 2nd leading infectious killer after COVID-19 and the 13th leading cause of death worldwide. Moreover, TB is a lethal combination for HIV-patients. Th1 responses and particularly IFN-γ are crucial for immune protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Many gene variants for IFNG that confer susceptibility to TB have been described in multiple ethnic populations. Likewise, some epigenetic modifications have been evaluated, being CpG methylation the major epigenetic mark that makes chromatin inaccessible to transcription factors, thus avoiding the initiation of IFNG transcription. Methods We evaluated both genetic and epigenetic changes involved in IFN-γ production and TB susceptibility in Argentine population. Amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) was performed for the IFN-γ +874 A/T polymorphism (rs2430561) genotyping in 199 healthy donors (HD) and 173 tuberculosis (TB) patients. IFN-γ levels from M. tuberculosis-stimulated PBMCs were measured by ELISA. The methylation status at the -53 CpG site of the IFNG promoter in individuals with latent infection (LTBI), TB and HD was determine by pyrosequencing. Results Using a case-control study, we found that A allele and, consequently, AA genotype were overrepresented in patients with active disease. Moreover, HD carrying T allele (AT or TT genotype) evidenced an augmented IFN-γ secretion compared to TB patients. Codominance was the genetic model that best fits our results according to the Akaike information criterion (AIC). In addition, increased methylation levels at the -53 CpG site in the IFN-γ promoter were observed in whole blood of patients with active TB compared to LTBI individuals. Discussion IFN-γ is regulated by genetic variants and epigenetic modifications during TB. Besides, AA genotype of the rs2430561 single nucleotide polymorphism could be considered as a potential TB susceptibility genetic biomarker in Argentina and the methylation of the -53 CpG site could result in a useful predictor of TB reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Inés Álvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencias del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIT NOBA), UNNOBA- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio de Areco (UNSAdA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) – CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Emanuel Hernández Del Pino
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencias del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIT NOBA), UNNOBA- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio de Areco (UNSAdA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Angela María Barbero
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencias del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIT NOBA), UNNOBA- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio de Areco (UNSAdA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Andrés Estermann
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Josefina Celano
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Verónica Edith García
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Pasquinelli
- Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas (CIBA), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNNOBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencias del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIT NOBA), UNNOBA- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio de Areco (UNSAdA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina,*Correspondence: Virginia Pasquinelli, ,
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5
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Amoroso M, Langgartner D, Lowry CA, Reber SO. Rapidly Growing Mycobacterium Species: The Long and Winding Road from Tuberculosis Vaccines to Potent Stress-Resilience Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312938. [PMID: 34884743 PMCID: PMC8657684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases and stressor-related psychiatric disorders, for which inflammation is a risk factor, are increasing in modern Western societies. Recent studies suggest that immunoregulatory approaches are a promising tool in reducing the risk of suffering from such disorders. Specifically, the environmental saprophyte Mycobacterium vaccae National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC) 11659 has recently gained attention for the prevention and treatment of stress-related psychiatric disorders. However, effective use requires a sophisticated understanding of the effects of M. vaccae NCTC 11659 and related rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGMs) on microbiome–gut–immune–brain interactions. This historical narrative review is intended as a first step in exploring these mechanisms and provides an overview of preclinical and clinical studies on M. vaccae NCTC 11659 and related RGMs. The overall objective of this review article is to increase the comprehension of, and interest in, the mechanisms through which M. vaccae NCTC 11659 and related RGMs promote stress resilience, with the intention of fostering novel clinical strategies for the prevention and treatment of stressor-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Amoroso
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Center for Neuroscience and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), The Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Senior Fellow, inVIVO Planetary Health, of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 07093, USA
| | - Stefan O. Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.A.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Mager LF, Burkhard R, Pett N, Cooke NCA, Brown K, Ramay H, Paik S, Stagg J, Groves RA, Gallo M, Lewis IA, Geuking MB, McCoy KD. Microbiome-derived inosine modulates response to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. Science 2020; 369:1481-1489. [PMID: 32792462 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc3421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 601] [Impact Index Per Article: 150.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several species of intestinal bacteria have been associated with enhanced efficacy of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, but the underlying mechanisms by which the microbiome enhances antitumor immunity are unclear. In this study, we isolated three bacterial species-Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Lactobacillus johnsonii, and Olsenella species-that significantly enhanced efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in four mouse models of cancer. We found that intestinal B. pseudolongum modulated enhanced immunotherapy response through production of the metabolite inosine. Decreased gut barrier function induced by immunotherapy increased systemic translocation of inosine and activated antitumor T cells. The effect of inosine was dependent on T cell expression of the adenosine A2A receptor and required costimulation. Collectively, our study identifies a previously unknown microbial metabolite immune pathway activated by immunotherapy that may be exploited to develop microbial-based adjuvant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas F Mager
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Regula Burkhard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Nicola Pett
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Noah C A Cooke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kirsty Brown
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Hena Ramay
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Seungil Paik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ryan A Groves
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Marco Gallo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ian A Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Markus B Geuking
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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Zhang K, Liu Y, Liu X, Peng M, Liu J, Zhang Q. A functional polymorphism in the promoter of RhoB is associated with susceptibility to Vibrio anguillarum in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:269-277. [PMID: 31306762 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As an isoform of Rho family GTPases, RhoB plays a pivotal role in cytoskeletal organization, cell proliferation, apoptosis and immune response. However, the regulatory mechanisms of RhoB expression in aquatic animals are still unknown. In the present study, we first construct Vibrio anguillarum infection model in S. maximus, including susceptible and resistant individuals. Then the temporal expression of RhoB was detected after V. anguillarum challenge using qRT-PCR and found that RhoB transcripts were significantly induced in the liver, gill and blood despite of differential expression levels and responsive time points. In addition, the mRNA levels of RhoB in resistant individuals were significantly higher than in susceptible ones. The length of 2083 bp sequences of RhoB promoter was cloned and characterized. Moreover, DNA methylation of the RhoB promoter was measured by bisulfite sequencing (BSP) and hypo-methylated was detected in the CpG islands. Three SNPs (-1590, -1575 and -1449) and two haplotypes in the promoter region of RhoB were identified to be associated with V. anguillarum resistance in turbot by association analysis in group 17-R and 17-S. Deletion analysis indicated that these SNPs could negatively mediate the activity of RhoB promoter. Site-directed mutagenesis and qRT-PCR of individuals with different genotypes demonstrated that -1575 T/A polymorphism affected promoter activity. Further study showed that this mutation altered the binding site of the transcription factor CREB. Co-transfection of SmCREB and RhoB promoter was performed in HEK293T cells which confirmed the -1575 allelic differences on transcriptional activity, with the susceptibility allele showing reduced activity. Taken together, our findings implicate that losing of binding of CREB to SmRhoB promoter due to -1575T/A polymorphisms enhances SmRhoB expression in resistant turbot, which provide insights into the effect of SmRhoB expression in response to V. anguillarum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Meiting Peng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jinxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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8
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Rolandelli A, Pellegrini JM, Hernández Del Pino RE, Tateosian NL, Amiano NO, Morelli MP, Castello FA, Casco N, Levi A, Palmero DJ, García VE. The Non-synonymous rs763780 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism in IL17F Gene Is Associated With Susceptibility to Tuberculosis and Advanced Disease Severity in Argentina. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2248. [PMID: 31616423 PMCID: PMC6764169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 lymphocytes, that produce IL17A, IL17F, and IL22, play a crucial role during the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Whereas, the contribution of IL17A in immunity to tuberculosis is usually accepted, the role of IL17F has been scarcely studied so far. The aim of this work was to evaluate the existence of a potential association of the non-synonymous variant rs763780 SNP of the IL17F gene with human tuberculosis. Accordingly, by comparing healthy donors (HD) and tuberculosis patients (TB) populations we demonstrated an association between the C allele of the SNP and the susceptibility to tuberculosis disease in Argentina. Furthermore, we found that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from individuals with a more effective immune response against Mtb secreted the highest levels of IL17F when stimulated with a lysate of Mtb (Mtb-Ag). Besides, we evidenced that Mtb-Ag-stimulated PBMCs from HD carrying the C variant of the SNP displayed the lowest IFNG secretion, proliferation index, and SLAM expression as compared to TT carriers. Moreover, Mtb-Ag-stimulated PBMCs from TB carrying the C allele produced the lowest levels of IFNG, the highest level of IL17A, and the minimum proliferation indexes as compared to TT TB, suggesting a relationship between the C allele and tuberculosis severity. In fact, TB carrying the C allele presented a more severe disease, with the highest bacilli burden in sputum. Together, our findings identify the IL17F rs763780 SNP as a biomarker of tuberculosis susceptibility and advanced disease severity in Argentina, suggesting that IL17F could be a critical cytokine in tuberculosis immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Rolandelli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), School of Sciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Biological Chemistry of Exact and Natural Sciences (IQUIBICEN), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joaquín Miguel Pellegrini
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), School of Sciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Biological Chemistry of Exact and Natural Sciences (IQUIBICEN), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Emanuel Hernández Del Pino
- Center of Investigation and Transference of National Northwest University of Buenos Aires (CITNOBA), The National Northwest University of Buenos Aires (UNNOBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy Liliana Tateosian
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), School of Sciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Biological Chemistry of Exact and Natural Sciences (IQUIBICEN), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Oscar Amiano
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), School of Sciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Biological Chemistry of Exact and Natural Sciences (IQUIBICEN), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Paula Morelli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), School of Sciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Biological Chemistry of Exact and Natural Sciences (IQUIBICEN), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Andrea Castello
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), School of Sciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Biological Chemistry of Exact and Natural Sciences (IQUIBICEN), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Casco
- Tisioneumonology Division, F. J. Muñiz Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Levi
- Tisioneumonology Division, F. J. Muñiz Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Verónica Edith García
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), School of Sciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Biological Chemistry of Exact and Natural Sciences (IQUIBICEN), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Chung YT, Pasquinelli V, Jurado JO, Wang X, Yi N, Barnes PF, Garcia VE, Samten B. Elevated Cyclic AMP Inhibits Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Stimulated T-cell IFN-γ Secretion Through Type I Protein Kinase A. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:1821-1831. [PMID: 29438524 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is critical in immune regulation, and its role in tuberculosis infection remains unclear. We determined the levels of cAMP in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from tuberculosis patients and the mechanisms for cAMP suppression of IFN-γ production. PBMC from tuberculosis patients contained significantly elevated cAMP than latent tuberculosis infected subjects (LTBI), with an inverse correlation with IFN-γ production. Consistent with this, the expression of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), activating transcription factor (ATF)-2 and c-Jun were reduced in tuberculosis patients compared with LTBI. PKA type I specific cAMP analogs inhibited Mtb-stimulated IFN-g production by PBMC through suppression of Mtb-induced IFN-γ promoter binding activities of CREB, ATF-2, and c-Jun and also miR155, the target miRNA of these transcription factors. Neutralizing both IL-10 and TGF-β1 or supplementation of IL-12 restored cAMP-suppressed IFN-g production. We conclude that increased cAMP inhibits IFN-g production through PKA type I pathway in tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Tae Chung
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler
| | - Virginia Pasquinelli
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Junín, Argentina
| | - Javier O Jurado
- Departamento de Química Biológica, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Xisheng Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler
| | - Na Yi
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler
| | - Peter F Barnes
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler
| | - Veronica E Garcia
- Departamento de Química Biológica, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Buka Samten
- Department of Pulmonary Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler
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10
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Upadhyay R, Dua B, Sharma B, Natrajan M, Jain AK, Kithiganahalli Narayanaswamy B, Joshi B. Transcription factors STAT-4, STAT-6 and CREB regulate Th1/Th2 response in leprosy patients: effect of M. leprae antigens. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:52. [PMID: 30642265 PMCID: PMC6332553 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3601-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leprosy is an ideal human disease to study T cell regulation as patients show correlation between cytokine skewed Th1-Th2 responses and clinical forms of the disease. The Role of transcription factors on the modulation of Th1 and Th2 responses by M. leprae antigens has not been adequately studied. In the present study, we studied the effect of M. leprae antigens on transcription factors STAT-4, STAT-6 and CREB and their correlation with Th1/Th2 cell mediated immune responses in leprosy. Methods Leprosy patients of both categories of tuberculoid leprosy (BT/TT) and lepromatous leprosy (BL/LL) were selected from the OPD of NJ1L & OMD, (ICMR), Agra and healthy individuals (H) were chosen from the staff and students working in the institute. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the study subjects were stimulated with M. leprae antigens (WCL, MLSA, and PGL-1). Sandwich ELISA was done in the culture supernatants of healthy and leprosy patients to detect IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ. Further, expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 and activation of STAT4, STAT6 and CREB transcription factors in CD4+ T cell with or without stimulation of M. leprae antigens was investigated by flow cytometry. Results Lepromatous leprosy patients showed significantly lower IFN-γ and higher IL-4 levels in culture supernatant and significantly low expression of IFN-γ and higher expression of IL-4 by CD4+ T cells than healthy individuals with or without antigenic stimulation. Antigenic stimulation significantly increased IL-10 in BL/LL patients but not in BT/TT patients or healthy individuals. PGL-1 stimulation led to significantly higher activation of STAT-6 in BT/TT and BL/LL patients in comparison to healthy individuals. All the three antigens led to activation of CREB in healthy and BT/TT patients but not in BL/LL patients. Conclusion Our findings show that M. leprae antigens differentially modulate activation of T cell transcription factors STAT-4/STAT-6 and CREB. These transcription factors are well known to regulate Th1 and Th2 mediated immune response which in turn could play vital role in the clinical manifestations of leprosy. These observations may help to determine how these T cell transcription factors affect the development of immune dysfunction and whether these new pathways have a role in immunomodulation in intracellular diseases like leprosy and TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Upadhyay
- Department of Immunology, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Tajganj, Agra, 282004, India
| | - Bhavyata Dua
- Department of Immunology, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Tajganj, Agra, 282004, India
| | - Bhawna Sharma
- Department of Immunology, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Tajganj, Agra, 282004, India
| | - Mohan Natrajan
- Clinical Division, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & OMD, Tajganj, Agra, 282004, India
| | - Ajai Kumar Jain
- Department of Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474001, India
| | | | - Beenu Joshi
- Department of Immunology, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Tajganj, Agra, 282004, India.
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11
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Blanco FC, Soria MA, Klepp LI, Bigi F. ERAP1 and PDE8A Are Downregulated in Cattle Protected against Bovine Tuberculosis. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 27:237-245. [PMID: 28903115 DOI: 10.1159/000479183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis that is responsible for significant economic losses worldwide. In spite of its relevance, the limited knowledge about the host immune responses that provide effective protection against the disease has long hampered the development of an effective vaccine. The identification of host proteins with an expression that correlates with protection against bTB would contribute to the understanding of the cattle defence mechanisms against M. bovis infection. In this study, we found that ERAP1 and PDE8A were downregulated in vaccinated cattle that were protected from experimental M. bovis challenge. Remarkably, both genes encode proteins that have been negatively associated with immune protection against bTB.
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12
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Gonnermann D, Oberg HH, Kellner C, Peipp M, Sebens S, Kabelitz D, Wesch D. Resistance of cyclooxygenase-2 expressing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells against γδ T cell cytotoxicity. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e988460. [PMID: 25949900 DOI: 10.4161/2162402x.2014.988460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostaglandin (PG) synthetase cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) promotes tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis in a variety of human cancer entities including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this study, we demonstrate that in PDAC cells such as Colo357 cells, enhanced Cox-2 expression and increased release of the Cox-2 metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promotes resistance against γδ T cell-mediated lysis. Co-culture with activated γδ T cells induced an upregulation of Cox-2 expression in Colo357 cells, and thereby an enhanced PGE2 release, in response to tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) secretion from γδ T cells. The PGE2-mediated inhibition of γδ T cell cytotoxicity against Cox-2-expressing PDAC cells can be partially overcome by Cox-2 inhibitors. Our results show that differences between PDAC cells in regards to sensitivity to γδ T-cell cytotoxicity can be due to distinct levels of Cox-2 expression associated with varying amounts of PGE2 release. While γδ T cell cytotoxicity against PDAC cells expressing low levels of Cox-2 can be effectively enhanced by tribody [(Her2)2×Vγ9] with specificity for Vγ9 T cell receptor and HER-2/neu on PDAC cells, a combination of tribody [(Her2)2×Vγ9] and Cox-2 inhibitor is necessary to induce complete lysis of Cox-2 high expressing Colo357. In conclusion, our results suggest that the application of tribody [(Her2)2×Vγ9] that enhances γδ T-cell cytotoxicity and Cox-2 inhibitors that overcome PGE2-mediated resistance of PDAC cells to the cytotoxic activity of γδ T cells might offer a promising combined immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gonnermann
- Institute of Immunology; Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Christian Kellner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy; Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy; Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Medicine; Christian-Albrechts-University ; Kiel
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology; Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Wesch
- Institute of Immunology; Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel, Germany
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13
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Williams CL, Schilling MM, Cho SH, Lee K, Wei M, Aditi, Boothby M. STAT4 and T-bet are required for the plasticity of IFN-γ expression across Th2 ontogeny and influence changes in Ifng promoter DNA methylation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:678-87. [PMID: 23761633 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells developing toward a Th2 fate express IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 while inhibiting production of cytokines associated with other Th types, such as the Th1 cytokine IFN- γ. IL-4-producing Th2 effector cells give rise to a long-lived memory population committed to reactivation of the Th2 cytokine gene expression program. However, reactivation of these effector-derived cells under Th1-skewing conditions leads to production of IFN-γ along with IL-4 in the same cell. We now show that this flexibility ("plasticity") of cytokine expression is preceded by a loss of the repressive DNA methylation of the Ifng promoter acquired during Th2 polarization yet requires STAT4 along with T-box expressed in T cells. Surprisingly, loss of either STAT4 or T-box expressed in T cells increased Ifng promoter CpG methylation in both effector and memory Th2 cells. Taken together, our data suggest a model in which the expression of IFN-γ by Th2-derived memory cells involves attenuation of epigenetic repression in memory Th2 cells, combined with Th1-polarizing signals after their recall activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Williams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37232, USA
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14
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Pasquinelli V, Rovetta AI, Alvarez IB, Jurado JO, Musella RM, Palmero DJ, Malbrán A, Samten B, Barnes PF, García VE. Phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases contributes to interferon γ production in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2012; 207:340-50. [PMID: 23125442 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis depends on interferon γ (IFN-γ)-producing CD4(+) lymphocytes. Previous studies have shown that T cells from patients with tuberculosis produce less IFN-γ, compared with healthy donors, in response to mycobacterial antigens, although IFN-γ responses to mitogens are preserved. In this work, we found that M. tuberculosis-induced IFN-γ production by human T cells correlated with phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38. Moreover, the majority of IFN-γ-producing T cells expressed signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM), and SLAM activation further increased ERK phosphorylation. Interestingly, patients with tuberculosis had delayed activation of ERK and p38, and this was most marked in patients with the poorest IFN-γ responses (ie, low responders). Besides, SLAM signaling failed to phosphorylate ERK in low responders. Our findings suggest that activation of p38 and ERK, in part through SLAM, mediates T-cell IFN-γ production in response to M. tuberculosis, a pathway that is defective in patients with tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Pasquinelli
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica, Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Qiliqiangxin affects L type ca(2+) current in the normal and hypertrophied rat heart. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:131830. [PMID: 22536279 PMCID: PMC3320132 DOI: 10.1155/2012/131830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Qiliqiangxin capsule is newly developed Chinese patent drug and proved to be effective and safe for the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure. We compared the effects of different dose Qiliqiangxin on L type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca-L)) between normal and hypertrophied myocytes. A total of 40 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study. The rats were randomly divided into two groups (control group and hypertrophy group). Cardiac hypertrophy was induced by pressure overload produced by partial ligation of the abdominal aorta. The control group was the sham-operated group. After 1 month, cardiac ventricular myocytes were isolated from the hearts of rats. Ventricular myocytes were exposed to 10 and 50 μmol/L Qiliqiangxin, and whole cell patch-clamp technique was used to study the effects of Qiliqiangxin on I(Ca-L). The current densities of I(Ca-L) were similar in control group (-12.70 ± 0.53 pA/pF, n = 12) and in hypertrophy group (-12.39 ± 0.62 pA/pF, n = 10). They were not statistically significant. 10 and 50 μmol/L Qiliqiangxin can decrease I(Ca-L) peak current 48.6%±16.8% and 59.0%±4.4% in control group. However, the peak current was only reduced 16.73%±8.03% by 50 μmol/L Qiliqiangxin in hypertrophied myocytes. The inhibited action of Qiliqiangxin on I(Ca-L) of hypertrophy group was lower than in control group. Qiliqiangxin affected L-type Ca(2+) channel and blocked I(Ca-L), as well as affected cardiac function finally. Qiliqiangxin has diphasic action that is either class IV antiarrhythmic agent or the agent of effect cardiac function.
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16
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Abstract
Biliary atresia (BA) is a virus-induced autoimmune disease associated with abnormal DNA methylation patterns that contribute to disease presentation. This study examined DNA methylation patterns, changes to genes associated with methylation regulation, and changes to the autoimmune-related gene interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in CD4+ T cells from BA patients. We demonstrated that genomic DNA isolated from CD4+ T cells harvested from infants presenting with BA were hypomethylated relative to healthy controls. In addition, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1) and DNMT3a mRNA levels were significantly lower in BA CD4+ T cells compared with controls and methyl-DNA-binding domain proteins (MBD1) mRNA expression (but not MBD4 detected at higher levels in BA patients), which was significantly lower in CD4+ T cells from BA infants than in controls. DNMT1 expression positively correlated with global DNA methylation in BA CD4+ T cells. IFN-γ mRNA expression levels in BA patients were also significantly increased, and the IFN-γ gene promoter region was hypomethylated in BA CD4+ T cells compared with controls and negatively correlated with DNA methylation. These data suggest that methylation changes in CD4+ cells may contribute to BA disease presentation and progression by affecting the expression of genes associated with autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 201102 People's Republic of China
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17
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Barnes PF, Samten B, Shams H, Vankayalapatib R. Progress in understanding the human immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2011; 89 Suppl 1:S5-9. [PMID: 20006306 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-9792(09)70004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Development of an effective vaccine against tuberculosis hinges on an improved understanding of the human immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Work in this area at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler has led to advances in four areas: (1) natural killer cells contribute to innate immunity by lysing M. tuberculosis-infected mononuclear phagocytes, and to adaptive immunity by enhancing the CD8+ T-cell effector function and inhibiting expansion of T regulatory cells; (2) Interferon-gamma plays a central role in resistance to many intracellular pathogens, including M. tuberculosis, and we have identified three transcription factors that bind to the Interferon-gamma proximal promoter and increase Interferon-gamma transcription in live T-cells that are activated by M. tuberculosis antigens; (3) A DNA vaccine that encodes the M. tuberculosis 10fts;kDa culture filtrate protein and the lysosomal integral membrane protein-2 was produced to direct vaccine antigens to the MHC class II processing and presentation pathway. When this vaccine was coated with polyethylenimine and administered to mice, it yielded a remarkably potent pulmonary immune response that reduced the bacillary burden by 90% after M. tuberculosis challenge; (4) The early secreted antigenic target of 6fts;kDa (ESAT-6) is a putative vaccine antigen. We found that high concentrations of this antigen markedly inhibit Interferon-gamma production by T-cells and are working to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect. Developing methods to enhance NK cell functions that favor protective immunity, increase interferon-gamma transcription, elicit protective pulmonary immune responses and prevent ESAT-6 from inhibiting T-cell function will contribute significantly to development of antituberculosis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Barnes
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA.
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18
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESX-1 system-secreted protein ESAT-6 but not CFP10 inhibits human T-cell immune responses. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2011; 89 Suppl 1:S74-6. [PMID: 20006311 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-9792(09)70017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The secreted proteins of M. tuberculosis, early secreted antigenic target 6 kDa (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 kDa (CFP10), have been identified as antigenic proteins with potent T-cell stimulatory effects, and therefore have been the focus of tuberculosis vaccine studies. However, recent work showed that secretion of these proteins by the specialized ESAT-6 secretion system (ESX)-1 of M. tuberculosis is associated with virulence and pathogenesis. The studies demonstrated that ESAT-6 inhibits antigen-presenting cell function by reducing IL-12 production by macrophages through interrupting TLR2 signaling pathways and inducing macrophage apoptosis. However, the effect of ESAT-6 on T cells remains unexplored. To address this question, we studied the effect of recombinant ESAT-6 and CFP10 on human primary T-cell IFN-gamma secretion and proliferation. ESAT-6, but not CFP10, inhibited IFN-gamma production by T cells stimulated with M. tuberculosis or with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28, in a dose-dependent manner. ESAT-6 also inhibited T-cell production of IL-17 and TNF-a, but not IL-2. Presence of CFP10 as part of the ESAT-6/CFP10 heterodimer did not affect ESAT-6 inhibition of T-cell IFN-gamma production. ESAT-6 inhibited the proliferation of CD3+ cells in response to TCR stimulation. ESAT-6 decreased T-cell IFN-gamma secretion by mechanisms independent of cytotoxicity or apoptosis. ESAT-6 reduced IFN-gamma mRNA levels by inhibiting the expression of the transcription factors, ATF-2, c-Jun and CREB, which upregulate IFN-gamma gene expression in T cells through binding to the IFN-gamma proximal promoter. ESAT-6, but not CFP10, bound to T cells and inhibited expression of early activation markers without reducing phosphorylation of ZAP70, a proximal TCR signaling molecule. We conclude that ESAT-6 directly inhibits human T-cell responses by affecting TCR signaling pathways downstream of ZAP70.
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19
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Peng H, Wang X, Barnes PF, Tang H, Townsend JC, Samten B. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis early secreted antigenic target of 6 kDa inhibits T cell interferon-γ production through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:24508-18. [PMID: 21586573 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.234062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported previously that the early secreted antigenic target of 6 kDa (ESAT-6) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly inhibits human T cell IFN-γ production and proliferation in response to stimulation with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28. To determine the mechanism of this effect, we treated T cells with kinase inhibitors before stimulation with ESAT-6. Only the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, abrogated ESAT-6-mediated inhibition of IFN-γ production in a dose-dependent manner. SB203580 did not reverse ESAT-6-mediated inhibition of IL-17 and IL-10 production, suggesting a specific effect of SB203580 on IFN-γ production. SB203580 did not act through inhibition of AKT (PKB) as an AKT inhibitor did not affect ESAT-6 inhibition of T cell IFN-γ production and proliferation. ESAT-6 did not reduce IFN-γ production by expanding FoxP3(+) T regulatory cells. Incubation of T cells with ESAT-6 induced phosphorylation and increased functional p38 MAPK activity, but not activation of ERK or JNK. Incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with ESAT-6 induced activation of p38 MAPK, and inhibition of p38 MAPK with SB203580 reversed ESAT-6 inhibition of M. tuberculosis-stimulated IFN-γ production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from subjects with latent tuberculosis infection. Silencing of p38α MAPK with siRNA rendered T cells resistant to ESAT-6 inhibition of IFN-γ production. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ESAT-6 inhibits T cell IFN-γ production in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas 75708, USA
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20
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Le Bert N, Chain BM, Rook G, Noursadeghi M. DC priming by M. vaccae inhibits Th2 responses in contrast to specific TLR2 priming and is associated with selective activation of the CREB pathway. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18346. [PMID: 21483768 PMCID: PMC3069967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The environmental mycobacterium, M. vaccae has been used in mouse models to support the contemporary hygiene hypothesis that non-pathogenic microorganisms reduce allergy associated T helper (Th)2 responses and inflammatory diseases by augmenting regulatory T cells. However, data for human models and possible mechanisms are limited. We tested the effect of innate immune interactions between human DC and M. vaccae on DC-dependent T cell responses. M. vaccae activation of DC via Toll like receptor (TLR)2 was compared to a specific TLR2 ligand (Pam(3)CSK4) and alternative stimulation with a TLR4 ligand (LPS). M. vaccae induced DC dependent inhibition of Th2 responses, in contrast to Pam(3)CSK4, which had the opposite effect and LPS, which had no polarizing effect. DC maturation, gene expression and cytokine production, in response to each stimulus did not correlate with the specific functional effects. Comparable DC transcriptional responses to M. vaccae and Pam(3)CSK4 suggested that TLR2 mediated transcriptional regulation was not sufficient for inhibition of Th2 responses. Transcription factor enrichment analysis and assessment of signaling events, implicated a role for selective early activation of the CREB pathway by M. vaccae. Further study of the CREB pathway may provide novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of DC-dependent T cell polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Le Bert
- Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin M. Chain
- Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Rook
- Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Feng Y, Kong Y, Barnes PF, Huang FF, Klucar P, Wang X, Samten B, Sengupta M, Machona B, Donis R, Tvinnereim AR, Shams H. Exposure to cigarette smoke inhibits the pulmonary T-cell response to influenza virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect Immun 2011; 79:229-37. [PMID: 20974820 PMCID: PMC3019896 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00709-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is associated with increased susceptibility to tuberculosis and influenza. However, little information is available on the mechanisms underlying this increased susceptibility. Mice were left unexposed or were exposed to cigarette smoke and then infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis by aerosol or influenza A by intranasal infection. Some mice were given a DNA vaccine encoding an immunogenic M. tuberculosis protein. Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production by T cells from the lungs and spleens was measured. Cigarette smoke exposure inhibited the lung T-cell production of IFN-γ during stimulation in vitro with anti-CD3, after vaccination with a construct expressing an immunogenic mycobacterial protein, and during infection with M. tuberculosis and influenza A virus in vivo. Reduced IFN-γ production was mediated through the decreased phosphorylation of transcription factors that positively regulate IFN-γ expression. Cigarette smoke exposure increased the bacterial burden in mice infected with M. tuberculosis and increased weight loss and mortality in mice infected with influenza virus. This study provides the first demonstration that cigarette smoke exposure directly inhibits the pulmonary T-cell response to M. tuberculosis and influenza virus in a physiologically relevant animal model, increasing susceptibility to both pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, Georgia 30333
| | - Ying Kong
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, Georgia 30333
| | - Peter F. Barnes
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, Georgia 30333
| | - Fang-Fang Huang
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, Georgia 30333
| | - Peter Klucar
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, Georgia 30333
| | - Xisheng Wang
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, Georgia 30333
| | - Buka Samten
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, Georgia 30333
| | - Mayami Sengupta
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, Georgia 30333
| | - Bruce Machona
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, Georgia 30333
| | - Ruben Donis
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, Georgia 30333
| | - Amy R. Tvinnereim
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, Georgia 30333
| | - Homayoun Shams
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, Georgia 30333
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22
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Sever-Chroneos Z, Krupa A, Davis J, Hasan M, Yang CH, Szeliga J, Herrmann M, Hussain M, Geisbrecht BV, Kobzik L, Chroneos ZC. Surfactant protein A (SP-A)-mediated clearance of Staphylococcus aureus involves binding of SP-A to the staphylococcal adhesin eap and the macrophage receptors SP-A receptor 210 and scavenger receptor class A. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:4854-70. [PMID: 21123169 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.125567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes life-threatening pneumonia in hospitals and deadly superinfection during viral influenza. The current study investigated the role of surfactant protein A (SP-A) in opsonization and clearance of S. aureus. Previous studies showed that SP-A mediates phagocytosis via the SP-A receptor 210 (SP-R210). Here, we show that SP-R210 mediates binding and control of SP-A-opsonized S. aureus by macrophages. We determined that SP-A binds S. aureus through the extracellular adhesin Eap. Consequently, SP-A enhanced macrophage uptake of Eap-expressing (Eap(+)) but not Eap-deficient (Eap(-)) S. aureus. In a reciprocal fashion, SP-A failed to enhance uptake of Eap(+) S. aureus in peritoneal Raw264.7 macrophages with a dominant negative mutation (SP-R210(DN)) blocking surface expression of SP-R210. Accordingly, WT mice cleared infection with Eap(+) but succumbed to sublethal infection with Eap- S. aureus. However, SP-R210(DN) cells compensated by increasing non-opsonic phagocytosis of Eap(+) S. aureus via the scavenger receptor scavenger receptor class A (SR-A), while non-opsonic uptake of Eap(-) S. aureus was impaired. Macrophages express two isoforms: SP-R210(L) and SP-R210(S). The results show that WT alveolar macrophages are distinguished by expression of SP-R210(L), whereas SR-A(-/-) alveolar macrophages are deficient in SP-R210(L) expressing only SP-R210(S). Accordingly, SR-A(-/-) mice were highly susceptible to both Eap(+) and Eap(-) S. aureus. The lungs of susceptible mice generated abnormal inflammatory responses that were associated with impaired killing and persistence of S. aureus infection in the lung. In conclusion, alveolar macrophage SP-R210(L) mediates recognition and killing of SP-A-opsonized S. aureus in vivo, coordinating inflammatory responses and resolution of S. aureus pneumonia through interaction with SR-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvjezdana Sever-Chroneos
- Center of Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas 75708-3154, USA.
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23
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CREB is a positive transcriptional regulator of gamma interferon in latent but not active tuberculosis infections. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2010; 17:1377-80. [PMID: 20685939 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00242-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) is a crucial cytokine for protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but the mechanism of IFN-gamma transcription is still unclear. The cyclic AMP (cAMP) responsive element binding (CREB) proteins belong to the bZip (basic leucine zipper) family of transcription factors and are essential for T-cell function and cytokine production. This study focused on the capacity of CREB proteins to regulate IFN-gamma transcription in CD3(+) T cells obtained from tuberculosis (TB) patients and persons with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in China. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and Western blotting were used to demonstrate the regulatory role of CREB. EMSA (in vitro) and ChIP (in vivo) experiments suggested CREB could bind to the IFN-gamma proximal promoter in persons with LTBI, whereas no binding was detected in TB patients. Western blotting confirmed the expression of CREB proteins, especially serine-133-phosphorylated CREB, was markedly reduced in TB patients compared with persons with LTBI. These results suggested that CREB could promote the transcription and production of IFN-gamma through binding with the IFN-gamma proximal promoter, but the regulatory role of CREB was decreased in tuberculosis patients owing to diminished expression of CREB proteins, which in turn reduced the IFN-gamma production.
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24
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Vav1 couples the T cell receptor to cAMP response element activation via a PKC-dependent pathway. Cell Signal 2010; 22:944-54. [PMID: 20138987 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) is a regulator of the expression of several genes important for lymphocyte activation and proliferation. However, the proximal signaling events leading to activation of CREB in T cells upon antigen receptor stimulation remain unknown. Here we identify a role for Vav1 in the activation of the cAMP response element (CRE), the binding site for CREB. T cell receptor (TCR)/CD28 - induced costimulation of Jurkat T cells expressing Vav1 but not a GEF-deficient mutant showed increased CRE activation (7.2+/-2.4 fold over control), whereas Vav1 downregulation by siRNA reduced activation of CRE by 2.6+/-1.3 fold. Inhibition of PKC and MEK but not p38 could reduce Vav1-mediated CRE activation, suggesting that Vav1 transmits TCR and CD28 signals to activation of CRE via PKC and ERK signaling pathways. As a consequence, downregulation of Vav1 impaired the expression of several CRE-containing genes like cyclin D1, INFgamma and IL-2, whereas overexpression of Vav1 enhanced CRE-dependent gene expression. Furthermore, cAMP-induced CRE-dependent transcription and gene expression was also modulated by Vav1, but did not require activation of PKC and the GEF function of Vav1. Our data provide insights into the signal transduction events regulating CRE-mediated gene expression in T cells, which affects T cell development, proliferation and activation. We identify Vav1 as an essential component of TCR-induced CRE activation and gene expression, which underlines the central role for Vav1 as key player for TCR signal transduction and gene expression.
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25
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Aydemir TB, Liuzzi JP, McClellan S, Cousins RJ. Zinc transporter ZIP8 (SLC39A8) and zinc influence IFN-gamma expression in activated human T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 86:337-48. [PMID: 19401385 PMCID: PMC2726764 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1208759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc transporter ZIP8 is highly expressed in T cells derived from human subjects. T cell ZIP8 expression was markedly up-regulated upon in vitro activation. T cells collected from human subjects who had received oral zinc supplementation (15 mg/day) had higher expression of the activation marker IFN-gamma upon in vitro activation, indicating a potentiating effect of zinc on T cell activation. Similarly, in vitro zinc treatment of T cells along with activation resulted in increased IFN-gamma expression with a maximum effect at 3.1 microM. Knockdown of ZIP8 in T cells by siRNA decreased ZIP8 levels in nonactivated and activated cells and concomitantly reduced secretion of IFN-gamma and perforin, both signatures of activation. Overexpression of ZIP8 by transient transfection caused T cells to exhibit enhanced activation. Confocal microscopy established that ZIP8 is localized to the lysosome where ZIP8 abundance is increased upon activation. Loss of lysosomal labile zinc in response to activation was measured by flow cytometry using a zinc fluorophore. Zinc between 0.8 and 3.1 microM reduced CN phosphatase activity. CN was also inhibited by the CN inhibitor FK506 and ZIP8 overexpression. The results suggest that zinc at low concentrations, through inhibition of CN, sustains phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB, yielding greater IFN-gamma expression in T cells. ZIP8, through control of zinc transport from the lysosome, may provide a secondary level of IFN-gamma regulation in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolunay B Aydemir
- Center for Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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26
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Sala C, Grainger DC, Cole ST. Dissecting regulatory networks in host-pathogen interaction using chIP-on-chip technology. Cell Host Microbe 2009; 5:430-7. [PMID: 19454347 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding host-microbe interactions has been greatly enhanced by our broadening knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms at the heart of pathogenesis. The "transcriptomics" approach of measuring global gene expression has identified genes involved in bacterial pathogenesis. More recently, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and hybridization to microarrays (chIP-on-chip) has emerged as a complementary tool that permits protein-DNA interactions to be studied in vivo. Thus, chIP-on-chip can be used to map the binding sites of transcription factors, thereby teasing apart gene regulatory networks. In this Review, we discuss the ChIP-on-chip technique and focus on its application to the study of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sala
- Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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27
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Wang X, Barnes PF, Dobos-Elder KM, Townsend JC, Chung YT, Shams H, Weis SE, Samten B. ESAT-6 inhibits production of IFN-gamma by Mycobacterium tuberculosis-responsive human T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:3668-77. [PMID: 19265145 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis early secreted Ag of 6 kDa (ESAT-6) is a potent Ag for human T cells and is a putative vaccine candidate. However, ESAT-6 also contributes to virulence in animal models, mediates cellular cytolysis, and inhibits IL-12 production by mononuclear phagocytes. We evaluated the effects of ESAT-6 and its molecular chaperone, culture filtrate protein of 10 kDa (CFP10), on the capacity of human T cells to produce IFN-gamma and proliferate in response to TCR activation. Recombinant ESAT-6, but not CFP10, markedly inhibited IFN-gamma production by T cells stimulated with M. tuberculosis or with the combination of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28, in a dose-dependent manner. ESAT-6 also inhibited T cell production of IL-17 and TNF-alpha but not IL-2. Preincubation of ESAT-6 with CFP10 under conditions that favor dimer formation did not affect inhibition of IFN-gamma. ESAT-6 decreased IFN-gamma transcription and reduced expression of the transcription factors, ATF-2 and c-Jun, which normally bind to the IFN-gamma proximal promoter and stimulate mRNA expression. ESAT-6 inhibited T cell IFN-gamma secretion through mechanisms that did not involve cellular cytotoxicity or apoptosis. ESAT-6, but not CFP10, bound to T cells and inhibited expression of early activation markers without reducing activation of ZAP70. We conclude that ESAT-6 directly inhibits human T cell responses to mycobacterial Ags by affecting TCR signaling pathways downstream of ZAP70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xisheng Wang
- Department of Microbiologyand Immunology, Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
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28
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Pasquinelli V, Townsend JC, Jurado JO, Alvarez IB, Quiroga MF, Barnes PF, Samten B, García VE. IFN-gamma production during active tuberculosis is regulated by mechanisms that involve IL-17, SLAM, and CREB. J Infect Dis 2009; 199:661-5. [PMID: 19199539 DOI: 10.1086/596742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is crucial for protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) increases IFN-gamma transcription. We determined whether the transmembrane receptor signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) affect CREB phosphorylation and IFN-gamma production in persons with tuberculosis. When T cells from patients with tuberculosis were activated with M. tuberculosis, 80% of SLAM(+) T cells expressed phosphorylated CREB, and SLAM activation increased CREB phosphorylation and IFN-gamma production. In contrast, IL-17 down-regulated SLAM expression, CREB phosphorylation, and IFN-gamma production. Therefore, IL-17 and SLAM have opposing effects on IFN-gamma production through CREB activation in persons with tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Pasquinelli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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29
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Lu MC, Lai NS, Yu HC, Hsieh SC, Tung CH, Yu CL. Nifedipine suppresses Th1/Th2 cytokine production and increased apoptosis of anti-CD3 + anti-CD28-activated mononuclear cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus via calcineurin pathway. Clin Immunol 2008; 129:462-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 07/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Samten B, Townsend JC, Weis SE, Bhoumik A, Klucar P, Shams H, Barnes PF. CREB, ATF, and AP-1 transcription factors regulate IFN-gamma secretion by human T cells in response to mycobacterial antigen. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:2056-64. [PMID: 18641343 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.3.2056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IFN-gamma production by T cells is pivotal for defense against many pathogens, and the proximal promoter of IFN-gamma, -73 to -48 bp upstream of the transcription start site, is essential for its expression. However, transcriptional regulation mechanisms through this promoter in primary human cells remain unclear. We studied the effects of cAMP response element binding protein/activating transcription factor (CREB/ATF) and AP-1 transcription factors on the proximal promoter of IFN-gamma in human T cells stimulated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Using EMSA, supershift assays, and promoter pulldown assays, we demonstrated that CREB, ATF-2, and c-Jun, but not cyclic AMP response element modulator, ATF-1, or c-Fos, bind to the proximal promoter of IFN-gamma upon stimulation, and coimmunoprecipitation indicated the possibility of interaction among these transcription factors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed the recruitment of these transcription factors to the IFN-gamma proximal promoter in live Ag-activated T cells. Inhibition of ATF-2 activity in T cells with a dominant-negative ATF-2 peptide or with small interfering RNA markedly reduced the expression of IFN-gamma and decreased the expression of CREB and c-Jun. These findings suggest that CREB, ATF-2, and c-Jun are recruited to the IFN-gamma proximal promoter and that they up-regulate IFN-gamma transcription in response to microbial Ag. Additionally, ATF-2 controls expression of CREB and c-Jun during T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buka Samten
- Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA.
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31
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Zhu B, Wu X. Characterization and function of CREB homologue from Crassostrea ariakensis stimulated by rickettsia-like organism. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 32:1572-1581. [PMID: 18606451 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2008.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Revised: 05/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is a transcription factor that plays important roles in cellular growth, proliferation and survival. Here, we report that a homologue of CREB transcription factor, Ca-CREB, was identified and functionally characterized in oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis. The full-length cDNA consists of 1397bp with an ORF encoding a 39.3kDa protein. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that Ca-CREB shares conserved signature motifs with other CREB proteins. Ca-CREB was ubiquitously and constitutively expressed in oyster, and the expression level in hemocytes was higher than that in other tissues. The expression level of Ca-CREB was not modified after RLO stimulation, while tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression was increased obviously, which was revealed by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Western blotting showed that recombinant CREB proteins specifically bind the consensus CREB binding site, and DNA-binding activity and phosphorylation of Ca-CREB were induced by RLO. These results suggest that Ca-CREB is a CREB homologue and may be involved in immune responses against RLO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Zhu
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Technology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou 310029, PR China
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32
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Morris K, Castanotto D, Al-Kadhimi Z, Jensen M, Rossi J, Cooper LJN. Enhancing siRNA effects in T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 10:461-7. [PMID: 16321811 DOI: 10.1080/10245330500233569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetically manipulated T cells can be endowed with novel functions to obtain desired in vivo effects after adoptive transfer. This genetic approach is being used to introduce genes such as chimeric immunoreceptors and tumor-specific T cells are being evaluated in early phase clinic trials. However, the ability to alter the genetic programming of T cells also presents opportunities to remove unwanted T-cell functions in order to augment an anti-tumor effect or endow resistance such as to HIV infection. Specifically, the use of RNA interference (RNAi) to disrupt gene expression by targeting either the mRNA or the promoter, provides investigators with many new opportunities to genetically modify T cells that should prove useful in future applications of adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Morris
- Division of Molecular Biology, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 90010-3000, USA
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Jones B, Chen J. Inhibition of IFN-gamma transcription by site-specific methylation during T helper cell development. EMBO J 2006; 25:2443-52. [PMID: 16724115 PMCID: PMC1478170 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarization of naïve CD4 T cells into T helper type 2 (TH2) cells is characterized by expression of IL-4 and silencing of IFN-gamma. Here we show that during TH2 polarization, the DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a is recruited to the IFN-gamma promoter and correspondingly the promoter undergoes progressive de novo methylation. Notably, the CpG located at the -53 position becomes methylated rapidly and this methylation inhibits ATF2/c-Jun and CREB transcription factor binding in vitro. In vivo, the same factors bind to the unmethylated IFN-gamma promoter in T helper type 1 (TH1) cells but not the methylated IFN-gamma promoter in TH2 cells. Furthermore, methylation at the -53 CpG alone is sufficient to inhibit the IFN-gamma promoter-driven reporter gene expression in a TH1 cell line. These findings suggest that rapid methylation of the evolutionarily conserved -53 CpG by Dnmt3a may suppress IFN-gamma transcription in developing TH2 cells by directly inhibiting transcription factor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Jones
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Tel: +1 617 258 6173; Fax: +1 617 258 6172; E-mail:
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Dodeller F, Schulze-Koops H. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade in CD4 T cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2006; 8:205. [PMID: 16542479 PMCID: PMC1526596 DOI: 10.1186/ar1905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the identification of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) as a key signal-transducing molecule in the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) more than 10 years ago, huge efforts have been made to develop inhibitors of p38 MAPK with the intent to modulate unwanted TNF activity in diseases such as autoimmune diseases or sepsis. However, despite some anti-inflammatory effects in animal models, no p38 MAPK inhibitor has yet demonstrated clinical efficacy in human autoimmune disorders. One possible reason for this paradox might relate to the fact that the p38 MAPK signaling cascade is involved in the functional regulation of several different cell types that all contribute to the complex pathogenesis of human autoimmune diseases. In particular, p38 MAPK has a multifaceted role in CD4 T cells that have been implicated in initiating and driving sustained inflammation in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic vasculitis. Here we review recent advances in the understanding of the role of the p38 MAPK signaling cascade in CD4 T cells and the consequences that its inhibition provokes in T cell functions in vitro and in vivo. These new data suggest that p38 MAPK inhibitors may elicit several unwanted effects in human autoimmune diseases but may be useful for the treatment of allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Dodeller
- Nikolaus Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Clinical Research Group III, and Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glueckstrasse 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Schulze-Koops
- Nikolaus Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Clinical Research Group III, and Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Glueckstrasse 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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