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Perez C, Plaza-Rojas L, Boucher JC, Nagy MZ, Kostenko E, Prajapati K, Burke B, Reyes MD, Austin AL, Zhang S, Le PT, Guevara-Patino JA. NKG2D receptor signaling shapes T cell thymic education. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:306-321. [PMID: 37949818 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of natural killer group 2D (NKG2D) in peripheral T cells as a costimulatory receptor is well established. However, its contribution to T cell thymic education and functional imprint is unknown. Here, we report significant changes in development, receptor signaling, transcriptional program, and function in T cells from mice lacking NKG2D signaling. In C57BL/6 (B6) and OT-I mice, we found that NKG2D deficiency results in Vβ chain usage changes and stagnation of the double-positive stage in thymic T cell development. We found that the expression of CD5 and CD45 in thymocytes from NKG2D deficient mice were reduced, indicating a direct influence of NKG2D on the strength of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling during the developmental stage of T cells. Depicting the functional consequences of NKG2D, peripheral OT-I NKG2D-deficient cells were unresponsive to ovalbumin peptide stimulation. Paradoxically, while αCD3/CD28 agonist antibodies led to phenotypic T cell activation, their ability to produce cytokines remained severely compromised. We found that OT-I NKG2D-deficient cells activate STAT5 in response to interleukin-15 but were unable to phosphorylate ERK or S6 upon TCR engagement, underpinning a defect in TCR signaling. Finally, we showed that NKG2D is expressed in mouse and human thymic T cells at the double-negative stage, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved function during T cell development. The data presented in this study indicate that NKG2D impacts thymic T cell development at a fundamental level by reducing the TCR threshold and affecting the functional imprint of the thymic progeny. In summary, understanding the impact of NKG2D on thymic T cell development and TCR signaling contributes to our knowledge of immune system regulation, immune dysregulation, and the design of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Perez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, United States
| | - Lourdes Plaza-Rojas
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Justin C Boucher
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Mate Z Nagy
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Elena Kostenko
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Kushal Prajapati
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, United States
| | - Brianna Burke
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, United States
| | - Michael Delos Reyes
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, United States
| | - Anna L Austin
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Shubin Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, United States
| | - Phong T Le
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, United States
| | - José A Guevara-Patino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, United States
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
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2
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Nasiri F, Farrokhi K, Safarzadeh Kozani P, Mahboubi Kancha M, Dashti Shokoohi S, Safarzadeh Kozani P. CAR-T cell immunotherapy for ovarian cancer: hushing the silent killer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1302307. [PMID: 38146364 PMCID: PMC10749368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1302307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most lethal gynecologic oncological indication, carcinoma of the ovary has been ranked as the 5th cause of cancer-related mortality in women, with a high percentage of the patients being diagnosed at late stages of the disease and a five-year survival of ~ 30%. Ovarian cancer patients conventionally undergo surgery for tumor removal followed by platinum- or taxane-based chemotherapy; however, a high percentage of patients experience tumor relapse. Cancer immunotherapy has been regarded as a silver lining in the treatment of patients with various immunological or oncological indications; however, mirvetuximab soravtansine (a folate receptor α-specific mAb) and bevacizumab (a VEGF-A-specific mAb) are the only immunotherapeutics approved for the treatment of ovarian cancer patients. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has achieved tremendous clinical success in the treatment of patients with certain B-cell lymphomas and leukemias, as well as multiple myeloma. In the context of solid tumors, CAR-T therapies face serious obstacles that limit their therapeutic benefit. Such hindrances include the immunosuppressive nature of solid tumors, impaired tumor infiltration, lack of qualified tumor-associated antigens, and compromised stimulation and persistence of CAR-Ts following administration. Over the past years, researchers have made arduous attempts to apply CAR-T therapy to ovarian cancer. In this review, we outline the principles of CAR-T therapy and then highlight its limitations in the context of solid tumors. Ultimately, we focus on preclinical and clinical findings achieved in CAR-T-mediated targeting of different ovarian cancer-associated target antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nasiri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Production Platforms & Analytics, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Khadijeh Farrokhi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maral Mahboubi Kancha
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Setareh Dashti Shokoohi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Lerner EC, Woroniecka KI, D'Anniballe VM, Wilkinson DS, Mohan AA, Lorrey SJ, Waibl-Polania J, Wachsmuth LP, Miggelbrink AM, Jackson JD, Cui X, Raj JA, Tomaszewski WH, Cook SL, Sampson JH, Patel AP, Khasraw M, Gunn MD, Fecci PE. CD8 + T cells maintain killing of MHC-I-negative tumor cells through the NKG2D-NKG2DL axis. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:1258-1272. [PMID: 37537301 PMCID: PMC10518253 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The accepted paradigm for both cellular and anti-tumor immunity relies upon tumor cell killing by CD8+ T cells recognizing cognate antigens presented in the context of target cell major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (MHC-I) molecules. Likewise, a classically described mechanism of tumor immune escape is tumor MHC-I downregulation. Here, we report that CD8+ T cells maintain the capacity to kill tumor cells that are entirely devoid of MHC-I expression. This capacity proves to be dependent instead on interactions between T cell natural killer group 2D (NKG2D) and tumor NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs), the latter of which are highly expressed on MHC-loss variants. Necessarily, tumor cell killing in these instances is antigen independent, although prior T cell antigen-specific activation is required and can be furnished by myeloid cells or even neighboring MHC-replete tumor cells. In this manner, adaptive priming can beget innate killing. These mechanisms are active in vivo in mice as well as in vitro in human tumor systems and are obviated by NKG2D knockout or blockade. These studies challenge the long-advanced notion that downregulation of MHC-I is a viable means of tumor immune escape and instead identify the NKG2D-NKG2DL axis as a therapeutic target for enhancing T cell-dependent anti-tumor immunity against MHC-loss variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Lerner
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel S Wilkinson
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aditya A Mohan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Selena J Lorrey
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Lucas P Wachsmuth
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Joshua D Jackson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiuyu Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jude A Raj
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Sarah L Cook
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John H Sampson
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anoop P Patel
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mustafa Khasraw
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael D Gunn
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peter E Fecci
- Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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4
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Trinh T, Adams WA, Calescibetta A, Tu N, Dalton R, So T, Wei M, Ward G, Kostenko E, Christiansen S, Cen L, McLemore A, Reed K, Whitting J, Gilvary D, Blanco NL, Segura CM, Nguyen J, Kandell W, Chen X, Cheng P, Wright GM, Cress WD, Liu J, Wright KL, Wei S, Eksioglu EA. CX3CR1 deficiency-induced TIL tumor restriction as a novel addition for CAR-T design in solid malignancies. iScience 2023; 26:106443. [PMID: 37070068 PMCID: PMC10105289 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of the tumor microenvironment have led to development of immunotherapeutic strategies, such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts). However, despite success in blood malignancies, CAR-T therapies in solid tumors have been hampered by their restricted infiltration. Here, we used our understanding of early cytotoxic lymphocyte infiltration of human lymphocytes in solid tumors in vivo to investigate the receptors in normal, adjacent, and tumor tissues of primary non-small-cell lung cancer specimens. We found that CX3CL1-CX3CR1 reduction restricts cytotoxic cells from the solid-tumor bed, contributing to tumor escape. Based on this, we designed a CAR-T construct using the well-established natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) CAR-T expression together with overexpression of CX3CR1 to promote their infiltration. These CAR-Ts infiltrate tumors at higher rates than control-activated T cells or IL-15-overexpressing NKG2D CAR-Ts. This construct also had similar functionality in a liver-cancer model, demonstrating potential efficacy in other solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- ThuLe Trinh
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - William A. Adams
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra Calescibetta
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nhan Tu
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Robert Dalton
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tina So
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Max Wei
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Grace Ward
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida and H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Elena Kostenko
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sean Christiansen
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ling Cen
- Bioinformatics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Amy McLemore
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kayla Reed
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Junmin Whitting
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida and H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Danielle Gilvary
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Neale Lopez Blanco
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Carlos Moran Segura
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wendy Kandell
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida and H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xianghong Chen
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Pingyan Cheng
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gabriela M. Wright
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - W. Douglas Cress
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jinghong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Wright
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Erika A. Eksioglu
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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5
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Carmena Moratalla A, Carpentier Solorio Y, Lemaître F, Farzam-Kia N, Da Cal S, Guimond JV, Haddad E, Duquette P, Girard JM, Prat A, Larochelle C, Arbour N. Specific alterations in NKG2D + T lymphocytes in relapsing-remitting and progressive multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 71:104542. [PMID: 36716577 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T lymphocytes exhibit numerous alterations in relapsing-remitting (RRMS), secondary progressive (SPMS), and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). The NKG2D pathway has been involved in MS pathology. NKG2D is a co-activating receptor on subsets of CD4+ and most CD8+ T lymphocytes. The ligands of NKG2D are expressed at low levels in normal tissues but are elevated in MS postmortem brain tissues compared with controls. Whether the NKG2D pathway shows specific changes in different forms of MS remains unclear. METHODS We performed unsupervised and supervised flow cytometry analysis to characterize peripheral blood T lymphocytes from RRMS, SPMS, and PPMS patients and healthy controls (HC). We used an in vitro microscopy approach to assess the role of NKG2D in the interactions between human CD8+T lymphocytes and human astrocytes. RESULTS Specific CD8+, CD4+, and CD4-CD8- T cell populations exhibited altered frequency in MS patients' subgroups. The proportion of NKG2D+ T lymphocytes declined with age in PPMS patients but not in RRMS and HC. This reduced percentage of NKG2D+ cells was due to lower abundance of γδ and αβ CD4-CD8- T lymphocytes in PPMS patients. NKG2D+ T lymphocytes were significantly less abundant in RRMS than in HC; this was caused by a decreased frequency of CD4-CD8- and CD8+ T lymphocytes and was not linked to age. Blocking NKG2D increased the motility of CD8+ T lymphocytes co-cultured with astrocytes expressing NKG2D ligand. Moreover, preventing NKG2D from interacting with its ligands increased the proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes exhibiting a kinapse-like behavior characterized by short-term interaction while reducing those displaying a long-lasting synapse-like behavior. These results support that NKG2D participates in the establishment of long-term interactions between activated CD8+ T lymphocytes and astrocytes. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate specific alterations in NKG2D+ T lymphocytes in MS patients' subgroups and suggest that NKG2D contributes to the interactions between human CD8+ T lymphocytes and human astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carmena Moratalla
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) 900 St-Denis Street Montreal, QC, Canada, H2X0A9
| | - Yves Carpentier Solorio
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) 900 St-Denis Street Montreal, QC, Canada, H2X0A9
| | - Florent Lemaître
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) 900 St-Denis Street Montreal, QC, Canada, H2X0A9
| | - Negar Farzam-Kia
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) 900 St-Denis Street Montreal, QC, Canada, H2X0A9
| | - Sandra Da Cal
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) 900 St-Denis Street Montreal, QC, Canada, H2X0A9
| | - Jean Victor Guimond
- CLSC des Faubourgs, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elie Haddad
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (CHU Sainte-Justine), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Duquette
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) 900 St-Denis Street Montreal, QC, Canada, H2X0A9; MS-CHUM Clinic 900 St-Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada, H2X0A9
| | - J Marc Girard
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) 900 St-Denis Street Montreal, QC, Canada, H2X0A9; MS-CHUM Clinic 900 St-Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada, H2X0A9
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) 900 St-Denis Street Montreal, QC, Canada, H2X0A9; MS-CHUM Clinic 900 St-Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada, H2X0A9
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) 900 St-Denis Street Montreal, QC, Canada, H2X0A9; MS-CHUM Clinic 900 St-Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada, H2X0A9
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal and Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM) 900 St-Denis Street Montreal, QC, Canada, H2X0A9.
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6
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Zhu S, Wang Y, Tang J, Cao M. Radiotherapy induced immunogenic cell death by remodeling tumor immune microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1074477. [PMID: 36532071 PMCID: PMC9753984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1074477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the induction of radiotherapy(RT) on the immunogenic cell death (ICD) is not only dependent on its direct cytotoxic effect, changes in the tumor immune microenvironment also play an important role in it. Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) refers to the immune microenvironment that tumor cells exist, including tumor cells, inflammatory cells, immune cells, various signaling molecules and extracellular matrix. TIME has a barrier effect on the anti-tumor function of immune cells, which can inhibit all stages of anti-tumor immune response. The remodeling of TIME caused by RT may affect the degree of immunogenicity, and make it change from immunosuppressive phenotype to immunostimulatory phenotype. It is of great significance to reveal the causes of immune escape of tumor cells, especially for the treatment of drug-resistant tumor. In this review, we focus on the effect of RT on the TIME, the mechanism of RT in reversing the TIME to suppress intrinsic immunity, and the sensitization effect of the remodeling of TIME caused by RT on the effectiveness of immunotherapy.
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7
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Role of PARP Inhibitors in Cancer Immunotherapy: Potential Friends to Immune Activating Molecules and Foes to Immune Checkpoints. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225633. [PMID: 36428727 PMCID: PMC9688455 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) induce cytotoxic effects as single agents in tumors characterized by defective repair of DNA double-strand breaks deriving from BRCA1/2 mutations or other abnormalities in genes associated with homologous recombination. Preclinical studies have shown that PARPi-induced DNA damage may affect the tumor immune microenvironment and immune-mediated anti-tumor response through several mechanisms. In particular, increased DNA damage has been shown to induce the activation of type I interferon pathway and up-regulation of PD-L1 expression in cancer cells, which can both enhance sensitivity to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs). Despite the recent approval of ICIs for a number of advanced cancer types based on their ability to reinvigorate T-cell-mediated antitumor immune responses, a consistent percentage of treated patients fail to respond, strongly encouraging the identification of combination therapies to overcome resistance. In the present review, we analyzed both established and unexplored mechanisms that may be elicited by PARPi, supporting immune reactivation and their potential synergism with currently used ICIs. This analysis may indicate novel and possibly patient-specific immune features that might represent new pharmacological targets of PARPi, potentially leading to the identification of predictive biomarkers of response to their combination with ICIs.
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8
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Li S, Zhao R, Zheng D, Qin L, Cui Y, Li Y, Jiang Z, Zhong M, Shi J, Li M, Wang X, Tang Z, Wu Q, Long Y, Hu D, Wang S, Yao Y, Liu S, Yang LH, Zhang Z, Tang Q, Liu P, Li Y, Li P. DAP10 integration in CAR-T cells enhances the killing of heterogeneous tumors by harnessing endogenous NKG2D. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 26:15-26. [PMID: 35784403 PMCID: PMC9218287 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells have achieved remarkable successes in hematological malignancies, the efficacies of CAR-T cells against solid tumors remains unsatisfactory. Heterogeneous antigen expression is one of the obstacles on its effective elimination of solid cancer cells. DNAX-activating protein 10 (DAP10) interacts with natural killer group 2D (NKG2D), acting as an adaptor that targets various malignant cells for surveillance. Here, we designed a DAP10 chimeric receptor that utilized native NKG2D on T cells to target NKG2D ligand-expressing cancer cells. We then tandemly incorporated it with anti-glypican 3 (GPC3) single-chain variable fragment (scFv) to construct a dual-antigen-targeting system. T cells expressing DAP10 chimeric receptor (DAP10-T cells) displayed with an enhancement on both cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion against solid cancer cell lines, and its tandem connection with anti-GPC3 scFv (CAR GPC3-DAP10-T cells) exhibited a dual-antigen-targeting capacity on eliminating heterogeneous cancer cells in vitro and suppressing the growth of heterogeneous cancer in vivo. Thus, this novel dual-targeting system enabled a high efficacy on killing cancer cells and extended the recognition profile of CAR-T cells toward tumors, which providing a potential strategy on treatment of solid cancer clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanglin Li
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruocong Zhao
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Diwei Zheng
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Le Qin
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanbin Cui
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Li
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwu Jiang
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengjun Zhong
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxuan Shi
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xindong Wang
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Tang
- Guangdong Zhaotai InVivo Biomedicine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Zhaotai Cell Biology Technology, Ltd., Foshan, China
| | - Qiting Wu
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youguo Long
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duo Hu
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suna Wang
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Yao
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Hua Yang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Translational Provincial Education Department Key Laboratory of Nano-Immmunoregulation Tumor Microenvironment, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiannan Tang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pentao Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China
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9
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Wei C, Xia K, Xie Y, Ye S, Ding Y, Liu Z, Zheng R, Long J, Wei Q, Li Y, Yang D, Xu X, Zhao A, Gao J. Combination of 4-1BB and DAP10 promotes proliferation and persistence of NKG2D(bbz) CAR-T cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:893124. [PMID: 35965586 PMCID: PMC9372572 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.893124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has been shown to have considerable therapeutic effects in hematological malignancies, and NKG2D(z) CAR-T cell therapy has been verified to be safe based on clinical trials. However, due to the poor persistence of NKG2D(z) CAR-T cells, their therapeutic effect is not obvious. Here, we constructed NKG2D(bbz) CAR-T cells that can simultaneously activate 4-1BB and DAP10 costimulatory signaling. They were found to be cytotoxic to the target cells in vitro and in vivo. They exhibited low differentiation, low exhaustion, and good proliferation. Importantly, the proportions of central memory T (Tcm) and stem cell-like memory T (Tscm) cell subsets were strikingly increased. After long-term incubation with the target cells, they displayed reduced exhaustion compared to NKG2D(z) CAR-T cells. Further, in the presence of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002, they exhibited reduced exhaustion and apoptosis, upregulated Bcl2 expression, and an increased proportion of Tcm cell subsets. Finally, NKG2D(bbz) CAR-T cells had better antitumor effects in vivo. In summary, the results showed that NKG2D(bbz) CAR-T cells may be valuable for cellular immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kangfu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sishi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanghui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zairu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Long
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qinchuan Wei
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jimin Gao, ; Ai Zhao, ; Xiaojun Xu,
| | - Ai Zhao
- Department of Geriatric, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Qixin Biotech, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jimin Gao, ; Ai Zhao, ; Xiaojun Xu,
| | - Jimin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Qixin Biotech, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jimin Gao, ; Ai Zhao, ; Xiaojun Xu,
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10
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Du Z, Huang Z, Chen X, Jiang G, Peng Y, Feng W, Huang N. Modified dendritic cell-derived exosomes activate both NK cells and T cells through the NKG2D/NKG2D-L pathway to kill CML cells with or without T315I mutation. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:36. [PMID: 35672796 PMCID: PMC9172178 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have achieved quite spectacular advances in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but disease progression and drug resistance that related to the T315I mutation, remain major obstacles. Dendritic cell-derived exosomes (Dex) induce NK cell immunity, but have yet to achieve satisfactory clinical efficacy. An approach to potentiate antitumor immunity by inducing both NK- and T-cell activation is urgently needed. Retinoic acid early inducible-1γ (RAE-1γ), a major ligand of natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D), plays an important role in NK-cell and T-lymphocyte responses. We generated RAE-1γ enriched CML-specific Dex (CML-RAE-1γ-Dex) from dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with lysates of RAE-1γ-expressing CML cells or T315I-mutant CML cells, aiming to simultaneously activate NK cells and T lymphocytes. METHODS We generated novel CML-RAE-1γ-Dex vaccines, which expressed RAE-1γ, and were loaded with CML tumor cell lysates. NK cells or T lymphocytes were coincubated with CML-RAE-1γ-Dex vaccines. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the activation and proliferation of these immune cells. Cytokine production and cytotoxicity toward CML cells with or without the T315I mutation were detected by ELISPOT, ELISA and LDH assays. CML models induced by BCR-ABL or BCR-ABLT315I were used to determine the immunological function of Dex in vivo. RESULTS Herein, CML-RAE-1γ-Dex were prepared. CML-RAE-1γ-Dex effectively enhanced the proliferation and effector functions of NK cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, which in turn produced strong anti-CML efficacy in vitro. Moreover, CML-RAE-1γ-Dex-based immunotherapy inhibited leukemogenesis and generated durable immunological memory in CML mouse models. Similar immune responses were also observed with imatinib-resistant CML cells carrying the T315I mutation. CONCLUSIONS This approach based on CML-RAE-1γ-Dex vaccines may be a promising strategy for CML treatment, especially for cases with the T315I mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanyun Du
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated By Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhenglan Huang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated By Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoyun Jiang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated By Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuhang Peng
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated By Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wenli Feng
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated By Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Ningshu Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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11
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Herrera FG, Ronet C, Ochoa de Olza M, Barras D, Crespo I, Andreatta M, Corria-Osorio J, Spill A, Benedetti F, Genolet R, Orcurto A, Imbimbo M, Ghisoni E, Navarro Rodrigo B, Berthold DR, Sarivalasis A, Zaman K, Duran R, Dromain C, Prior J, Schaefer N, Bourhis J, Dimopoulou G, Tsourti Z, Messemaker M, Smith T, Warren SE, Foukas P, Rusakiewicz S, Pittet MJ, Zimmermann S, Sempoux C, Dafni U, Harari A, Kandalaft LE, Carmona SJ, Dangaj Laniti D, Irving M, Coukos G. Low-Dose Radiotherapy Reverses Tumor Immune Desertification and Resistance to Immunotherapy. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:108-133. [PMID: 34479871 PMCID: PMC9401506 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Developing strategies to inflame tumors is critical for increasing response to immunotherapy. Here, we report that low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) of murine tumors promotes T-cell infiltration and enables responsiveness to combinatorial immunotherapy in an IFN-dependent manner. Treatment efficacy relied upon mobilizing both adaptive and innate immunity and depended on both cytotoxic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. LDRT elicited predominantly CD4+ cells with features of exhausted effector cytotoxic cells, with a subset expressing NKG2D and exhibiting proliferative capacity, as well as a unique subset of activated dendritic cells expressing the NKG2D ligand RAE1. We translated these findings to a phase I clinical trial administering LDRT, low-dose cyclophosphamide, and immune checkpoint blockade to patients with immune-desert tumors. In responsive patients, the combinatorial treatment triggered T-cell infiltration, predominantly of CD4+ cells with Th1 signatures. Our data support the rational combination of LDRT with immunotherapy for effectively treating low T cell-infiltrated tumors. SIGNIFICANCE: Low-dose radiation reprogrammed the tumor microenvironment of tumors with scarce immune infiltration and together with immunotherapy induced simultaneous mobilization of innate and adaptive immunity, predominantly CD4+ effector T cells, to achieve tumor control dependent on NKG2D. The combination induced important responses in patients with metastatic immune-cold tumors.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda G. Herrera
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Radiation Oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Immuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Ronet
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Ochoa de Olza
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Immuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Barras
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isaac Crespo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Andreatta
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jesus Corria-Osorio
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aodrenn Spill
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Benedetti
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Genolet
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Angela Orcurto
- Immuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martina Imbimbo
- Immuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Ghisoni
- Immuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Blanca Navarro Rodrigo
- Immuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominik R. Berthold
- Medical Oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Apostolos Sarivalasis
- Medical Oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Khalil Zaman
- Medical Oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Duran
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clarisse Dromain
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Prior
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus Schaefer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean Bourhis
- Radiation Oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Georgia Dimopoulou
- Unit of Translational Oncopathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zoi Tsourti
- Unit of Translational Oncopathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marius Messemaker
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas Smith
- NanoString Technologies Inc., Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Periklis Foukas
- Second Department of Pathology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sylvie Rusakiewicz
- School of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mikaël J. Pittet
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, and Department of Oncology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Immuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Sempoux
- Unit of Translational Oncopathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Urania Dafni
- School of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana E. Kandalaft
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Santiago J. Carmona
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denarda Dangaj Laniti
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melita Irving
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Immuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Corresponding Author: George Coukos, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, Lausanne BH09-701, Switzerland. Phone: 41-21-314-1357; E-mail:
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12
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Wu X, Sharma A, Oldenburg J, Weiher H, Essler M, Skowasch D, Schmidt-Wolf IGH. NKG2D Engagement Alone Is Sufficient to Activate Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells While 2B4 Only Provides Limited Coactivation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:731767. [PMID: 34691037 PMCID: PMC8529192 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.731767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are an ex vivo expanded heterogeneous cell population with an enriched NK-T phenotype (CD3+CD56+). Due to the convenient and relatively inexpensive expansion capability, together with low incidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD) in allogeneic cancer patients, CIK cells are a promising candidate for immunotherapy. It is well known that natural killer group 2D (NKG2D) plays an important role in CIK cell-mediated antitumor activity; however, it remains unclear whether its engagement alone is sufficient or if it requires additional co-stimulatory signals to activate the CIK cells. Likewise, the role of 2B4 has not yet been identified in CIK cells. Herein, we investigated the individual and cumulative contribution of NKG2D and 2B4 in the activation of CIK cells. Our analysis suggests that (a) NKG2D (not 2B4) is implicated in CIK cell (especially CD3+CD56+ subset)-mediated cytotoxicity, IFN-γ secretion, E/T conjugate formation, and degranulation; (b) NKG2D alone is adequate enough to induce degranulation, IFN-γ secretion, and LFA-1 activation in CIK cells, while 2B4 only provides limited synergy with NKG2D (e.g., in LFA-1 activation); and (c) NKG2D was unable to costimulate CD3. Collectively, we conclude that NKG2D engagement alone suffices to activate CIK cells, thereby strengthening the idea that targeting the NKG2D axis is a promising approach to improve CIK cell therapy for cancer patients. Furthermore, CIK cells exhibit similarities to classical invariant natural killer (iNKT) cells with deficiencies in 2B4 stimulation and in the costimulation of CD3 with NKG2D. In addition, based on the current data, the divergence in receptor function between CIK cells and NK (or T) cells can be assumed, pointing to the possibility that molecular modifications (e.g., using chimeric antigen receptor technology) on CIK cells may need to be customized and optimized to maximize their functional potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wu
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans Weiher
- Department of Applied Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Markus Essler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Skowasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo G H Schmidt-Wolf
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO) Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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13
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Trembath AP, Krausz KL, Sharma N, Gerling IC, Mathews CE, Markiewicz MA. NKG2D Signaling Within the Pancreatic Islets Reduces NOD Diabetes and Increases Protective Central Memory CD8 + T-Cell Numbers. Diabetes 2020; 69:1749-1762. [PMID: 32535552 PMCID: PMC7372071 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
NKG2D is implicated in autoimmune diabetes. However, the role of this receptor in diabetes pathogenesis is unclear owing to conflicting results with studies involving global inhibition of NKG2D signaling. We found that NKG2D and its ligands are present in human pancreata, with expression of NKG2D and its ligands increased in the islets of patients with type 1 diabetes. To directly assess the role of NKG2D in the pancreas, we generated NOD mice that express an NKG2D ligand in β-islet cells. Diabetes was reduced in these mice. The reduction corresponded with a decrease in the effector to central memory CD8+ T-cell ratio. Further, NKG2D signaling during in vitro activation of both mouse and human CD8+ T cells resulted in an increased number of central memory CD8+ T cells and diabetes protection by central memory CD8+ T cells in vivo. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that there is a protective role for central memory CD8+ T cells in autoimmune diabetes and that this protection is enhanced with NKG2D signaling. These findings stress the importance of anatomical location when determining the role NKG2D signaling plays, as well as when developing therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway, in type 1 diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Trembath
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Kelsey L Krausz
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Neekun Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Ivan C Gerling
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN
| | - Clayton E Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Mary A Markiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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14
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CARs: Beyond T Cells and T Cell-Derived Signaling Domains. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103525. [PMID: 32429316 PMCID: PMC7279007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
When optimizing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy in terms of efficacy, safety, and broadening its application to new malignancies, there are two main clusters of topics to be addressed: the CAR design and the choice of transfected cells. The former focuses on the CAR construct itself. The utilized transmembrane and intracellular domains determine the signaling pathways induced by antigen binding and thereby the cell-specific effector functions triggered. The main part of this review summarizes our understanding of common signaling domains employed in CARs, their interactions among another, and their effects on different cell types. It will, moreover, highlight several less common extracellular and intracellular domains that might permit unique new opportunities. Different antibody-based extracellular antigen-binding domains have been pursued and optimized to strike a balance between specificity, affinity, and toxicity, but these have been reviewed elsewhere. The second cluster of topics is about the cellular vessels expressing the CAR. It is essential to understand the specific attributes of each cell type influencing anti-tumor efficacy, persistence, and safety, and how CAR cells crosstalk with each other and bystander cells. The first part of this review focuses on the progress achieved in adopting different leukocytes for CAR therapy.
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15
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Parriott G, Deal K, Crean S, Richardson E, Nylen E, Barber A. T-cells expressing a chimeric-PD1-Dap10-CD3zeta receptor reduce tumour burden in multiple murine syngeneic models of solid cancer. Immunology 2020; 160:280-294. [PMID: 32144940 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of T-cells is a promising therapy for many cancers. To enhance tumour recognition by T-cells, chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) consisting of signalling domains fused to receptors that recognize tumour-associated antigens can be expressed in T-cells. While CAR T-cells have shown clinical success for treating haematopoietic malignancies, using CAR T-cells to treat solid tumours remains a challenge. We developed a chimeric PD1 (chPD1) receptor that recognizes the ligands for the PD1 receptor that are expressed on many types of solid cancer. To determine if this novel CAR could target a wide variety of tumour types, the anti-tumour efficacy of chPD1 T-cells against syngeneic murine models of melanoma, renal, pancreatic, liver, colon, breast, prostate and bladder cancer was measured. Of the 14 cell lines tested, all expressed PD1 ligands on their cell surface, making them potential targets for chPD1 T-cells. ChPD1 T-cells lysed the tumour cells and secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines [interferon (IFN)γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α, interleukin (IL)-2, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-17 and IL-21], but did not secrete the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Furthermore, T-cells expressing chPD1 receptors reduced an established tumour burden and led to long-term tumour-free survival in all types of solid tumours tested. ChPD1 T-cells did not survive longer than 14 days in vivo; however, treatment with chPD1 T-cells induced protective host anti-tumour memory responses in tumour-bearing mice. Therefore, adoptive transfer of chPD1 T-cells could be a novel therapeutic strategy to treat multiple types of solid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Parriott
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA, USA
| | - Kelsey Deal
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA, USA
| | - Shane Crean
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA, USA
| | - Elle Richardson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA, USA
| | - Emily Nylen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA, USA
| | - Amorette Barber
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA, USA
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16
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Kintz H, Nylen E, Barber A. Inclusion of Dap10 or 4-1BB costimulation domains in the chPD1 receptor enhances anti-tumor efficacy of T cells in murine models of lymphoma and melanoma. Cell Immunol 2020; 351:104069. [PMID: 32106933 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) utilize costimulatory domains to enhance anti-tumor efficacy. However, it is unclear which costimulatory domain is preferable. Therefore, the intracellular domains of CD28, Dap10, 41BB, GITR, ICOS, or OX40 were compared in a murine chimeric PD1 (chPD1) receptor that targets tumor-associated PD1 ligands. Upon antigen restimulation, T cells expressing chPD1-CD28 receptors had reduced lytic capacity. While most of the chPD1 T cell receptors secreted pro-inflammatory (IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2, GM-CSF, IL-17, and IL-21) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), chPD1-Dap10 did not secrete IL-10. Furthermore, chPD1-Dap10 and -41BB receptors induced a memory precursor phenotype, had enhanced persistence in vivo, and superior therapeutic efficacy in murine models of T cell lymphoma and melanoma compared to chPD1-CD28 or chPD1-GITR expressing T cells. Therefore, each costimulatory domain induces differential effects in CAR-expressing T cells and inclusion of Dap10 or 4-1BB costimulatory domains may induce a preferential cytokine profile and differentiation for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey Kintz
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA, USA
| | - Emily Nylen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA, USA
| | - Amorette Barber
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA, USA.
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17
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Sasawatari S, Okamoto Y, Kumanogoh A, Toyofuku T. Blockade of N-Glycosylation Promotes Antitumor Immune Response of T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1373-1385. [PMID: 31969386 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cellular therapy and its derivative, chimeric AgR T cell therapy, have achieved significant progress against cancer. Major barriers persist, however, including insufficient induction of cytotoxic T cells and exhaustion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. In this study, we discovered a new role for 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) in enhancing the antitumor activity of human T cells against NKG2D ligand-expressing tumor cells. Human T cells treated with 2DG upregulated the NK-specific transcription factors TOX2 and EOMES, thereby acquiring NK cell properties, including high levels of perforin/granzyme and increased sensitivity to IL-2. Notably, rather than inhibiting glycolysis, 2DG modified N-glycosylation, which augmented antitumor activity and cell surface retention of IL-2R of T cells. Moreover, 2DG treatment prevented T cells from binding to galectin-3, a potent tumor Ag associated with T cell anergy. Our results, therefore, suggest that modifying N-glycosylation of T cells with 2DG could improve the efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigemi Sasawatari
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Okamoto
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Toyofuku
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
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18
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Saliba DG, Céspedes-Donoso PF, Bálint Š, Compeer EB, Korobchevskaya K, Valvo S, Mayya V, Kvalvaag A, Peng Y, Dong T, Tognoli ML, O'Neill E, Bonham S, Fischer R, Kessler BM, Dustin ML. Composition and structure of synaptic ectosomes exporting antigen receptor linked to functional CD40 ligand from helper T cells. eLife 2019; 8:e47528. [PMID: 31469364 PMCID: PMC6748831 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar supported lipid bilayers (PSLB) presenting T cell receptor (TCR) ligands and ICAM-1 induce budding of extracellular microvesicles enriched in functional TCR, defined here as synaptic ectosomes (SE), from helper T cells. SE bind peptide-MHC directly exporting TCR into the synaptic cleft, but incorporation of other effectors is unknown. Here, we utilized bead supported lipid bilayers (BSLB) to capture SE from single immunological synapses (IS), determined SE composition by immunofluorescence flow cytometry and enriched SE for proteomic analysis by particle sorting. We demonstrate selective enrichment of CD40L and ICOS in SE in response to addition of CD40 and ICOSL, respectively, to SLB presenting TCR ligands and ICAM-1. SE are enriched in tetraspanins, BST-2, TCR signaling and ESCRT proteins. Super-resolution microscopy demonstrated that CD40L is present in microclusters within CD81 defined SE that are spatially segregated from TCR/ICOS/BST-2. CD40L+ SE retain the capacity to induce dendritic cell maturation and cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Saliba
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of MaltaMsidaMalta
| | - Pablo F Céspedes-Donoso
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Štefan Bálint
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Ewoud B Compeer
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Kseniya Korobchevskaya
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Salvatore Valvo
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Viveka Mayya
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Audun Kvalvaag
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Yanchun Peng
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Tao Dong
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Eric O'Neill
- Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Sarah Bonham
- Discovery Proteomics Facility, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Roman Fischer
- Discovery Proteomics Facility, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Discovery Proteomics Facility, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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19
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Zhang J, Larrocha PSL, Zhang B, Wainwright D, Dhar P, Wu JD. Antibody targeting tumor-derived soluble NKG2D ligand sMIC provides dual co-stimulation of CD8 T cells and enables sMIC + tumors respond to PD1/PD-L1 blockade therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:223. [PMID: 31446896 PMCID: PMC6709558 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insufficient co-stimulation accounts for a great deal of the suboptimal activation of cytotoxic CD8 T cells (CTLs) and presumably unsatisfactory clinical expectation of PD1/PD-L1 therapy. Tumor-derived soluble NKG2D ligands are associated with poor clinical response to PD1/PD-L1 blockade therapy in cancer patients. One of the mostly occurring tumor-derived soluble NKG2D ligands, the soluble MHC I chain related molecule (sMIC) can impair co-stimulation to CD8 T cells. We investigated whether co-targeting sMIC can provide optimal co-stimulation to CTLs and enhance the therapeutic effect of PD1/PD-L1 blockades. Methods Single agent therapy of a PD1/PD-L1 blockade antibody or a sMIC-targeting non-blocking antibody or a combination therapy of the two antibodies were implied to well-characterized pre-clinical MIC/sMIC+ tumor models that closely resemble the NKG2D-mediated oncoimmune dynamics of MIC+ cancer patients. Therapeutic efficacy and associated effector mechanisms were evaluated. Results We show that antibody co-targeting sMIC enables or enhances the response of sMIC+ tumors to PD1/PD-L1 blockade therapy. The therapy response of the combination therapy was associated with enhanced antigen-specific CD8 T cell enrichment and function in tumors. We show that co-targeting sMIC with a nonblocking antibody provides antigen-specific CD8 T cells with NKG2D and CD28 dual co-stimulation, in addition to elimination of inhibitory signals, and thus amplifies antigen-specific CD8 T cell anti-tumor responses. Conclusion Our findings provide the proof-of-concept rationale and previously undiscovered mechanisms for co-targeting sMIC to enable and enhance the response to PD1/PD-L1 blockade therapy in sMIC+ cancer patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-019-0693-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Bin Zhang
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Derek Wainwright
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Payal Dhar
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jennifer D Wu
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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20
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Liu SY, Huang WC, Yeh HI, Ko CC, Shieh HR, Hung CL, Chen TY, Chen YJ. Sequential Blockade of PD-1 and PD-L1 Causes Fulminant Cardiotoxicity-From Case Report to Mouse Model Validation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040580. [PMID: 31022941 PMCID: PMC6521128 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined administration of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors might be considered as a treatment for poorly responsive cancer. We report a patient with brain metastatic lung adenocarcinoma in whom fatal myocarditis developed after sequential use of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors. This finding was validated in syngeneic tumor-bearing mice. The mice bearing lung metastases of CT26 colon cancer cells treated with PD-1 and/or PD-L1 inhibitors showed that the combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1, either sequentially or simultaneously administered, caused myocarditis lesions with myocyte injury and patchy mononuclear infiltrates in the myocardium. A significant increase of infiltrating neutrophils in myocytes was noted only in mice with sequential blockade, implying a role for the pathogenesis of myocarditis. Among circulating leukocytes, concurrent and subsequent treatment of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors led to sustained suppression of neutrophils. Among tumor-infiltrating leukocytes, combinatorial blockade increased CD8+ T cells and NKG2D+ T cells, and reduced tumor-associated macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer (NK) cells in the lung metastatic microenvironment. The combinatorial treatments exhibited better control and anti-PD-L1 followed by anti-PD-1 was the most effective. In conclusion, the combinatory use of PD-1 and PD-L1 blockade, either sequentially or concurrently, may cause fulminant cardiotoxicity, although it gives better tumor control, and such usage should be cautionary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Yi Liu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25160, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chien Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-I Yeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Chuan Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Ru Shieh
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25160, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Lieh Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Ying Chen
- Department of Pathology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 25160, Taiwan.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan.
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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21
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Méndez AC, Rodríguez-Rojas C, Del Val M. Vaccine vectors: the bright side of cytomegalovirus. Med Microbiol Immunol 2019; 208:349-363. [PMID: 30900089 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) present singular features that are particularly advantageous for human vaccine development, a current medical need. Vaccines that induce neutralizing antibodies are among the most successful and efficacious available. However, chronic and persistent human infections, pathogens with high variability of exposed proteins, as well as tumors, highlight the need for developing novel vaccines inducing strong and long-lasting cellular immune responses mediated by effector or effector memory CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. CMVs induce the most potent CD8+ T lymphocyte response to a pathogen known in each of their hosts, maintain and even increase it for life for selected antigens, in what is known as the ever growing inflationary memory, and maintain an effector memory status due to recent and repeated antigen stimulation that endows these inflationary T lymphocytes with superior and faster protective potency. In addition to these CMV singularities, this family of viruses has two more common favorable features: they can superinfect an already infected host, which is needed in face of the high CMV prevalence, and they can harbor very large segments of foreign DNA at many different genomic sites. All these properties endow CMVs with a singular potential to be used as human vaccine vectors. Current developments with most of the recombinant CMV-based vaccine candidates that have been tested in animal models against clinically relevant viral and bacterial infections and for their use in tumor immunotherapy are reviewed herein. Since CMV vectors should be designed to avoid the risk of disease in immunocompromised individuals, special attention is also paid to attenuated vectors. Taken together, the results support the future use of CMV-based vaccine vectors to induce protective CD8+ T lymphocyte responses in humans, mainly against viral infections and as anti-tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Méndez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Margarita Del Val
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Awad RM, De Vlaeminck Y, Maebe J, Goyvaerts C, Breckpot K. Turn Back the TIMe: Targeting Tumor Infiltrating Myeloid Cells to Revert Cancer Progression. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1977. [PMID: 30233579 PMCID: PMC6127274 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells frequently produce soluble factors that favor myelopoiesis and recruitment of myeloid cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Consequently, the TME of many cancer types is characterized by high infiltration of monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and granulocytes. Experimental and clinical studies show that most myeloid cells are kept in an immature state in the TME. These studies further show that tumor-derived factors mold these myeloid cells into cells that support cancer initiation and progression, amongst others by enabling immune evasion, tumor cell survival, proliferation, migration and metastasis. The key role of myeloid cells in cancer is further evidenced by the fact that they negatively impact on virtually all types of cancer therapy. Therefore, tumor-associated myeloid cells have been designated as the culprits in cancer. We review myeloid cells in the TME with a focus on the mechanisms they exploit to support cancer cells. In addition, we provide an overview of approaches that are under investigation to deplete myeloid cells or redirect their function, as these hold promise to overcome resistance to current cancer therapies.
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23
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Sheppard S, Ferry A, Guedes J, Guerra N. The Paradoxical Role of NKG2D in Cancer Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1808. [PMID: 30150983 PMCID: PMC6099450 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activating receptor NKG2D and its ligands are recognized as a potent immune axis that controls tumor growth and microbial infections. With regards to cancer surveillance, various studies have demonstrated the antitumor function mediated by NKG2D on natural killer cells and on conventional and unconventional T cells. The use of NKG2D-deficient mice established the importance of NKG2D in delaying tumor development in transgenic mouse models of cancer. However, we recently demonstrated an unexpected, flip side to this coin, the ability for NKG2D to contribute to tumor growth in a model of inflammation-driven liver cancer. With a focus on the liver, here, we review current knowledge of NKG2D-mediated tumor surveillance and discuss evidence supporting a dual role for NKG2D in cancer immunity. We postulate that in certain advanced cancers, expression of ligands for NKG2D can drive cancer progression rather than rejection. We propose that the nature of the microenvironment within and surrounding tumors impacts the outcome of NKG2D activation. In a form of autoimmune attack, NKG2D promotes tissue damage, mostly in the inflamed tissue adjacent to the tumor, facilitating tumor progression while being ineffective at rejecting transformed cells in the tumor bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Sheppard
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Zuckerman Research Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Amir Ferry
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joana Guedes
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Guerra
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Thompson TW, Jackson BT, Li PJ, Wang J, Kim AB, Huang KTH, Zhang L, Raulet DH. Tumor-derived CSF-1 induces the NKG2D ligand RAE-1δ on tumor-infiltrating macrophages. eLife 2018; 7:32919. [PMID: 29757143 PMCID: PMC5991831 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
NKG2D is an important immunoreceptor expressed on the surface of NK cells and some T cells. NKG2D recognizes a set of ligands typically expressed on infected or transformed cells, but recent studies have also documented NKG2D ligands on subsets of host non-tumor cells in tumor-bearing animals and humans. Here we show that in transplanted tumors and genetically engineered mouse cancer models, tumor-associated macrophages are induced to express the NKG2D ligand RAE-1δ. We find that a soluble factor produced by tumor cells is responsible for macrophage RAE-1δ induction, and we identify tumor-derived colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) as necessary and sufficient for macrophage RAE-1δ induction in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we show that induction of RAE-1δ on macrophages by CSF-1 requires PI3K p110α kinase signaling. Thus, production of CSF-1 by tumor cells leading to activation of PI3K p110α represents a novel cellular and molecular pathway mediating NKG2D ligand expression on tumor-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thornton W Thompson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Benjamin T Jackson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - P Jonathan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Alexander Byungsuk Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Kristen Ting Hui Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Lily Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - David H Raulet
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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25
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Hiršl L, Brizić I, Jenuš T, Juranić Lisnić V, Reichel JJ, Jurković S, Krmpotić A, Jonjić S. Murine CMV Expressing the High Affinity NKG2D Ligand MULT-1: A Model for the Development of Cytomegalovirus-Based Vaccines. Front Immunol 2018; 9:991. [PMID: 29867968 PMCID: PMC5949336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a vaccine against human cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been a subject of long-term medical interest. The research during recent years identified CMV as an attractive vaccine vector against infectious diseases and tumors. The immune response to CMV persists over a lifetime and its unique feature is the inflationary T cell response to certain viral epitopes. CMV encodes numerous genes involved in immunoevasion, which are non-essential for virus growth in vitro. The deletion of those genes results in virus attenuation in vivo, which enables us to dramatically manipulate its virulence and the immune response. We have previously shown that the murine CMV (MCMV) expressing RAE-1γ, one of the cellular ligands for the NKG2D receptor, is highly attenuated in vivo but retains the ability to induce a strong CD8+ T cell response. Here, we demonstrate that recombinant MCMV expressing high affinity NKG2D ligand murine UL16 binding protein-like transcript (MULT-1) (MULT-1MCMV) inserted in the place of its viral inhibitor is dramatically attenuated in vivo in a NK cell-dependent manner, both in immunocompetent adult mice and in immunologically immature newborns. MULT-1MCMV was more attenuated than the recombinant virus expressing RAE-1γ. Despite the drastic sensitivity to innate immune control, MULT-1MCMV induced an efficient CD8+ T cell response to viral and vectored antigens. By using in vitro assay, we showed that similar to RAE-1γMCMV, MULT-1 expressing virus provided strong priming of CD8+ T cells. Moreover, MULT-1MCMV was able to induce anti-viral antibodies, which after passing the transplacental barrier protect offspring of immunized mothers from challenge infection. Altogether, this study further supports the concept that CMV expressing NKG2D ligand possesses excellent characteristics to serve as a vaccine or vaccine vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Hiršl
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ilija Brizić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Tina Jenuš
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vanda Juranić Lisnić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Slaven Jurković
- Medical Physics Department, University Hospital Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Department of Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Astrid Krmpotić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stipan Jonjić
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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26
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Stojanovic A, Correia MP, Cerwenka A. The NKG2D/NKG2DL Axis in the Crosstalk Between Lymphoid and Myeloid Cells in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:827. [PMID: 29740438 PMCID: PMC5924773 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) receptor is a type II transmembrane protein expressed by both innate and adaptive immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, CD8+ T cells, invariant NKT cells, γδ T cells, and some CD4+ T cells under certain pathological conditions. NKG2D is an activating NK receptor that induces cytotoxicity and production of cytokines by effector cells and supports their proliferation and survival upon engagement with its ligands. In both innate and T cell populations, NKG2D can costimulate responses induced by other receptors, such as TCR in T cells or NKp46 in NK cells. NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs) are remarkably diverse. Initially, NKG2DL expression was typically attributed to stressed, infected, or transformed cells, thus signaling “dysregulated-self.” However, many reports indicated their expression under homeostatic conditions, usually in the context of cell activation and/or proliferation. Myeloid cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), are among the first cells sensing and responding to pathogens and tissue damage. By secreting a plethora of soluble mediators, by presenting antigens to T cells and by expressing costimulatory molecules, myeloid cells play vital roles in inducing and supporting responses of other immune cells in lymphoid organs and tissues. When activated, both macrophages and DCs upregulate NKG2DLs, thereby enabling them with additional mechanisms for regulating lymphocyte responses. In this review, we will focus on the expression of NKG2D by innate and adaptive lymphocytes, the regulation of NKG2DL expression on myeloid cells, and the contribution of the NKG2D/NKG2DL axis to the crosstalk of myeloid cells with NKG2D-expressing lymphocytes. In addition, we will highlight pathophysiological conditions associated with NKG2D/NKG2DL dysregulation and discuss the putative involvement of the NKG2D/NKG2DL axis in the lymphocyte/myeloid cell crosstalk in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Stojanovic
- Innate Immunity (D080), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Margareta P Correia
- Innate Immunity (D080), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Adelheid Cerwenka
- Innate Immunity (D080), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Immunobiochemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Zingoni A, Molfetta R, Fionda C, Soriani A, Paolini R, Cippitelli M, Cerboni C, Santoni A. NKG2D and Its Ligands: "One for All, All for One". Front Immunol 2018; 9:476. [PMID: 29662484 PMCID: PMC5890157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The activating receptor NKG2D is peculiar in its capability to bind to numerous and highly diversified MHC class I-like self-molecules. These ligands are poorly expressed on normal cells but can be induced on damaged, transformed or infected cells, with the final NKG2D ligand expression resulting from multiple levels of regulation. Although redundant molecular mechanisms can converge in the regulation of all NKG2D ligands, different stimuli can induce specific cellular responses, leading to the expression of one or few ligands. A large body of evidence demonstrates that NK cell activation can be triggered by different NKG2D ligands, often expressed on the same cell, suggesting a functional redundancy of these molecules. However, since a number of evasion mechanisms can reduce membrane expression of these molecules both on virus-infected and tumor cells, the co-expression of different ligands and/or the presence of allelic forms of the same ligand guarantee NKG2D activation in various stressful conditions and cell contexts. Noteworthy, NKG2D ligands can differ in their ability to down-modulate NKG2D membrane expression in human NK cells supporting the idea that NKG2D transduces different signals upon binding various ligands. Moreover, whether proteolytically shed and exosome-associated soluble NKG2D ligands share with their membrane-bound counterparts the same ability to induce NKG2D-mediated signaling is still a matter of debate. Here, we will review recent studies on the NKG2D/NKG2D ligand biology to summarize and discuss the redundancy and/or diversity in ligand expression, regulation, and receptor specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zingoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Paolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cippitelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Cerboni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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Trembath AP, Markiewicz MA. More than Decoration: Roles for Natural Killer Group 2 Member D Ligand Expression by Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:231. [PMID: 29483917 PMCID: PMC5816059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The activating immune receptor natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D), which is expressed by natural killer cells and T cell subsets, recognizes a number of ligands expressed by "stressed" or damaged cells. NKG2D has been extensively studied for its role in tumor immunosurveillance and antiviral immunity. To date, the majority of studies have focused on NKG2D-mediated killing of target cells expressing NKG2D ligands. However, with a number of reports describing expression of NKG2D ligands by cells that are not generally considered stressed, it is becoming clear that some healthy cells also express NKG2D ligands. Expression of these ligands by cells within the skin, intestinal epithelium, and the immune system suggests other immune functions for NKG2D ligand expression in addition to its canonical role as a "kill me" signal. How NKG2D ligands function in this capacity is just now starting to be unraveled. In this review, we examine the expression of NKG2D ligands by immune cells and discuss current literature describing the effects of this expression on immunity and immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Trembath
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Mary A. Markiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
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Prajapati K, Perez C, Rojas LBP, Burke B, Guevara-Patino JA. Functions of NKG2D in CD8 + T cells: an opportunity for immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:470-479. [PMID: 29400704 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) is a type II transmembrane receptor. NKG2D is present on NK cells in both mice and humans, whereas it is constitutively expressed on CD8+ T cells in humans but only expressed upon T-cell activation in mice. NKG2D is a promiscuous receptor that recognizes stress-induced surface ligands. In NK cells, NKG2D signaling is sufficient to unleash the killing response; in CD8+ T cells, this requires concurrent activation of the T-cell receptor (TCR). In this case, the function of NKG2D is to authenticate the recognition of a stressed target and enhance TCR signaling. CD28 has been established as an archetype provider of costimulation during T-cell priming. It has become apparent, however, that signals from other costimulatory receptors, such as NKG2D, are required for optimal T-cell function outside the priming phase. This review will focus on the similarities and differences between NKG2D and CD28; less well-described characteristics of NKG2D, such as the potential role of NKG2D in CD8+ T-cell memory formation, cancer immunity and autoimmunity; and the opportunities for targeting NKG2D in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Prajapati
- Loyola University Chicago, Oncology Institute, 60153, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Cynthia Perez
- Loyola University Chicago, Oncology Institute, 60153, Maywood, IL, USA
| | | | - Brianna Burke
- Loyola University Chicago, Oncology Institute, 60153, Maywood, IL, USA
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Synergy Between Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-62431-0_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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31
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Antonangeli F, Soriani A, Cerboni C, Sciumè G, Santoni A. How Mucosal Epithelia Deal with Stress: Role of NKG2D/NKG2D Ligands during Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1583. [PMID: 29209320 PMCID: PMC5701928 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal epithelia encounter both physicochemical and biological stress during their life and have evolved several mechanisms to deal with them, including regulation of immune cell functions. Stressed and damaged cells need to be cleared to control local inflammation and trigger tissue healing. Engagement of the activating NKG2D receptor is one of the most direct mechanisms involved in the recognition of stressed cells by the immune system. Indeed, injured cells promptly express NKG2D ligands that in turn mediate the activation of lymphocytes of both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. This review focuses on different conditions that are able to modulate NKG2D ligand expression on the epithelia. Special attention is given to the mechanisms of immunosurveillance mediated by natural killer cells, which are finely tuned by NKG2D. Different types of stress, including viral and bacterial infections, chronic inflammation, and cigarette smoke exposure, are discussed as paradigmatic conditions for NKG2D ligand modulation, and the implications for tissue homeostasis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Antonangeli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Cerboni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sciumè
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.,Neuromed I.R.C.C.S. - Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, Pozzilli, Italy
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32
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Trembath AP, Sharma N, Raju S, Polić B, Markiewicz MA. A Protective Role for NKG2D-H60a Interaction via Homotypic T Cell Contact in Nonobese Diabetic Autoimmune Diabetes Pathogenesis. Immunohorizons 2017; 1:198-212. [PMID: 29497709 PMCID: PMC5828234 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1700011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The NK group 2 member D (NKG2D) immune receptor is implicated in both human and mouse autoimmune diabetes. However, the significance of NKG2D in diabetes pathogenesis has been unclear due to conflicting reports as to the importance of this receptor in the NOD mouse model. In this study we demonstrate that NKG2D expression affects NOD diabetes development by at least two previously undescribed, and opposing, mechanisms. First, we demonstrate that the NKG2D ligand H60a is induced on activated NOD T cells, and that NKG2D-H60a interaction during CD8+ T cell differentiation into CTLs generally decreases the subsequent CTL effector cytokine response. This corresponds to an increase in diabetes development in NKG2D-deficient compared with wild-type NOD mice under microbiota-depleted conditions. Second, we demonstrate that NKG2D promotes NOD diabetes development through interaction with the microbiota. Together these findings reveal a previously undescribed role for NKG2D ligand expression by activated T cells in CTL development. Further, they demonstrate that NKG2D has both diabetogenic and antidiabetogenic roles in NOD diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Trembath
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Neekun Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Saravanan Raju
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Bojan Polić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Mary A Markiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Lynch A, Hawk W, Nylen E, Ober S, Autin P, Barber A. Adoptive transfer of murine T cells expressing a chimeric-PD1-Dap10 receptor as an immunotherapy for lymphoma. Immunology 2017; 152:472-483. [PMID: 28670716 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of T cells is a promising cancer therapy and expression of chimeric antigen receptors can enhance tumour recognition and T-cell effector functions. The programmed death protein 1 (PD1) receptor is a prospective target for a chimeric antigen receptor because PD1 ligands are expressed on many cancer types, including lymphoma. Therefore, we developed a murine chimeric PD1 receptor (chPD1) consisting of the PD1 extracellular domain fused to the cytoplasmic domain of CD3ζ. Additionally, chimeric antigen receptor therapies use various co-stimulatory domains to enhance efficacy. Hence, the inclusion of a Dap10 or CD28 co-stimulatory domain in the chPD1 receptor was compared to determine which domain induced optimal anti-tumour immunity in a mouse model of lymphoma. The chPD1 T cells secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines and lysed RMA lymphoma cells. Adoptive transfer of chPD1 T cells significantly reduced established tumours and led to tumour-free survival in lymphoma-bearing mice. When comparing chPD1 receptors containing a Dap10 or CD28 domain, both receptors induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines; however, chPD1-CD28 T cells also secreted anti-inflammatory cytokines whereas chPD1-Dap10 T cells did not. Additionally, chPD1-Dap10 induced a central memory T-cell phenotype compared with chPD1-CD28, which induced an effector memory phenotype. The chPD1-Dap10 T cells also had enhanced in vivo persistence and anti-tumour efficacy compared with chPD1-CD28 T cells. Therefore, adoptive transfer of chPD1 T cells could be a novel therapy for lymphoma and inclusion of the Dap10 co-stimulatory domain in chimeric antigen receptors may induce a preferential cytokine profile and T-cell differentiation phenotype for anti-tumour therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Lynch
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA, USA
| | - William Hawk
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA, USA
| | - Emily Nylen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA, USA
| | - Sean Ober
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA, USA
| | - Pierre Autin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA, USA
| | - Amorette Barber
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA, USA
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Zhang J, Liu D, Li G, Staveley-O’Carroll KF, Graff JN, Li Z, Wu JD. Antibody-mediated neutralization of soluble MIC significantly enhances CTLA4 blockade therapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602133. [PMID: 28560327 PMCID: PMC5435412 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibody therapy targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) elicited survival benefits in cancer patients; however, the overall response rate is limited. In addition, anti-CTLA4 antibody therapy induces a high rate of immune-related adverse events. The underlying factors that may influence anti-CTLA4 antibody therapy are not well defined. We report the impact of a cancer-derived immune modulator, the human-soluble natural killer group 2D (NKG2D) ligand sMIC (soluble major histocompatibility complex I chain-related molecule), on the therapeutic outcome of anti-CTLA4 antibody using an MIC transgenic spontaneous TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate)/MIC tumor model. Unexpectedly, animals with elevated serum sMIC (sMIChi) responded poorly to anti-CTLA4 antibody therapy, with significantly shortened survival due to increased lung metastasis. These sMIChi animals also developed colitis in response to anti-CTLA4 antibody therapy. Coadministration of an sMIC-neutralizing monoclonal antibody with the anti-CTLA4 antibody alleviated treatment-induced colitis in sMIChi animals and generated a cooperative antitumor therapeutic effect by synergistically augmenting innate and adoptive antitumor immune responses. Our findings imply that a new combination therapy could improve the clinical response to anti-CTLA4 antibody therapy. Our findings also suggest that prescreening cancer patients for serum sMIC may help in selecting candidates who will elicit a better response to anti-CTLA4 antibody therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- CanCure LLC, Everett, WA 98208, USA
| | - Dai Liu
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Guangfu Li
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | - Julie N. Graff
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Cancer Immunology Program, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jennifer D. Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Cancer Immunology Program, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Corresponding author.
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35
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Carapito R, Aouadi I, Ilias W, Bahram S. Natural Killer Group 2, Member D/NKG2D Ligands in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:368. [PMID: 28396673 PMCID: PMC5366881 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) is an invariant activatory receptor present on subsets of natural killer and T lymphocytes. It stimulates the cytolytic effector response upon engagement of its various stress-induced ligands NKG2D ligands (NKG2DL). Malignant transformation and conditioning treatment prior to hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are stress factors leading to the activation of the NKG2D/NKG2DL signaling in clinical settings. In the context of HCT, NKG2D-bearing cells can kill both tumor and healthy cells expressing NKG2DL. The NKG2D/NKG2DL engagement has therefore a key role in the regulation of one of the most salient issues in allogeneic HCT, i.e., maintaining a balance between graft-vs.-leukemia effect and graft-vs.-host disease. The present review summarizes the current state of our knowledge pertaining to the role of the NKG2D and NKG2DL in HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Carapito
- ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire International Associé (LIA) INSERM, Strasbourg (France) - Nagano (Japan), Strasbourg, France; Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire Central d'Immunologie, Pôle de Biologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ismail Aouadi
- ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire International Associé (LIA) INSERM, Strasbourg (France) - Nagano (Japan), Strasbourg, France; Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Strasbourg, France
| | - Wassila Ilias
- ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire International Associé (LIA) INSERM, Strasbourg (France) - Nagano (Japan), Strasbourg, France; Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Strasbourg, France
| | - Seiamak Bahram
- ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire International Associé (LIA) INSERM, Strasbourg (France) - Nagano (Japan), Strasbourg, France; Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire Central d'Immunologie, Pôle de Biologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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36
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Yi RT, Niu YH, Liu HL, Zhang TY, Yang YC, Zhang Y, Yin DL, Chen TY, Zhao YR. Natural Killer Group 2A Expressed on Both Peripheral CD3 -CD56 +NK Cells and CD3 +CD8 +T Cells Plays a Pivotal Negative Regulatory Role in the Progression of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2016; 36:689-697. [PMID: 27828717 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2015.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the role of surface receptors natural killer group 2A (NKG2A) and natural killer group 2D (NKG2D) on CD3+CD8+T cells and CD3-CD56+NK cells in the progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), we measured the expression of NKG2A and NKG2D on the surface of these 2 types of circulating cells by flow cytometry in 3 groups. One group consists of 36 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), another one consists of 22 patients with HBV-related ACLF, and the last one has 12 normal controls (NC). The experimental result indicated that there was no significant difference in the proportion of CD3+CD8+T cells in total lymphocytes between the 3 groups. However, the percentage of CD3-CD56+NK cells in ACLF group was evidently higher than that in the CHB group (P < 0.05). In addition, the expression of NKG2D on CD3+CD8+T cells in the ACLF group was significantly lower than that in the CHB group (P < 0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences in its percentages on CD3-CD56+NK cells between the 3 groups. The expression of NKG2A on CD3+CD8+T cells in the ACLF group was significantly higher than that in the NC group (P < 0.05), and on NK cells was significantly higher than that in the CHB group (P < 0.05) and NC group (P < 0.01). The increase in ratios of NKG2A to NKG2D on CD3+CD8+T cells and CD3-CD56+NK cells in the ACLF group was significantly more than that in the CHB group and NC group. The results indicate that the imbalance between NKG2A and NKG2D may contribute to the progression of HBV-related ACLF mediated by CD3-CD56+NK cells and CD3+CD8+T cells. Compared with NKG2D, NKG2A expressed on both peripheral CD3-CD56+NK cells and CD3+CD8+T cells plays a more pivotal negative regulatory role in the progression of HBV-related ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Tian Yi
- 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Ying-Hua Niu
- 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Li Liu
- 2 Central Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial Infectious Diseases Hospital and Xi'an Eighth Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an, China
| | - Tie-Ying Zhang
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, No. 1 Hospital of Xi'an , Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Cong Yang
- 4 Molecular Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- 5 Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Zhongxin Hospital , Xi'an, China
| | - Dong-Lin Yin
- 6 Department of Infectious Diseases, No. 3 People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Yan Chen
- 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Ying-Ren Zhao
- 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
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37
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Goplen NP, Saxena V, Knudson KM, Schrum AG, Gil D, Daniels MA, Zamoyska R, Teixeiro E. IL-12 Signals through the TCR To Support CD8 Innate Immune Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2434-43. [PMID: 27521342 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
CD8 T cells must integrate antigenic and inflammatory signals to differentiate into efficient effector and memory T cells able to protect us from infections. The mechanisms by which TCR signaling and proinflammatory cytokine receptor signaling cooperate in these processes are poorly defined. In this study, we show that IL-12 and other proinflammatory cytokines transduce signals through the TCR signalosome in a manner that requires Fyn activity and self-peptide-MHC (self-pMHC) interactions. This mechanism is crucial for CD8 innate T cell functions. Loss of Fyn activity or blockade of self-pMHC interactions severely impaired CD8 T cell IFN-γ and NKG2D expression, proliferation, and cytotoxicity upon cytokine-mediated bystander activation. Most importantly, in the absence of self-pMHC interactions, CD8 memory T cells fail to undergo bystander activation upon an unrelated infection. Thus, CD8 T cell bystander activation, although independent of cognate Ag, still requires self-pMHC and TCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Goplen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Vikas Saxena
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Karin M Knudson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Adam G Schrum
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905; and
| | - Diana Gil
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905; and
| | - Mark A Daniels
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Rose Zamoyska
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Teixeiro
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212;
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38
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CD123-Engager T Cells as a Novel Immunotherapeutic for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1615-26. [PMID: 27401038 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with CD123-specific T-cell engager proteins or with T cells expressing CD123-specific chimeric antigen receptors is actively being pursued for acute myeloid leukemia. T cells secreting bispecific engager molecules (ENG-T cells) may present a promising alternative to these approaches. To evaluate therapeutic potential, we generated T cells to secrete CD123/CD3-bispecific engager molecules. CD123-ENG T cells recognized primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and cell lines in an antigen-dependent manner as judged by cytokine production and/or tumor killing, and redirected bystander T cells to AML cells. Infusion of CD123-ENG T cells resulted in regression of AML in xenograft models conferring a significant survival advantage of treated mice in comparison to mice that received control T cells. At high effector to target ratios, CD123-ENG T cells recognized normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with preferential recognition of HSPCs from cord blood compared to bone marrow. We therefore introduced the CD20 suicide gene that can be targeted in vivo with rituximab into CD123-ENG T cells. The expression of CD20 did not diminish the anti-AML activity of CD123-ENG T cells, but allowed for rituximab-mediated ENG-T cell elimination. Thus, ENG-T cells coexpressing CD20 suicide and CD123 engager molecules may present a promising immunotherapeutic approach for AML.
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McQueen B, Trace K, Whitman E, Bedsworth T, Barber A. Natural killer group 2D and CD28 receptors differentially activate mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin to alter murine effector CD8+ T-cell differentiation. Immunology 2016; 147:305-20. [PMID: 26661515 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory CD8+ T cells are an essential component of anti-tumour and anti-viral immunity. Activation of the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has been implicated in regulating the differentiation of effector and memory T cells. However, the mechanisms that control mTOR activity during immunity to tumours and infections are not well known. Activation of co-stimulatory receptors, including CD28 and natural killer group 2D (NKG2D), activate phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and subsequently may activate the mTOR pathway in CD8+ T cells. This study compared the activation of the mTOR signalling pathway after co-stimulation through CD28 or NKG2D receptors in murine effector CD8+ T cells. Compared with CD28 co-stimulation, activation through CD3 and NKG2D receptors had weaker activation of mTORc1, as shown by decreased phosphorylation of mTORc1 targets S6K1, ribosomal protein S6 and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1. NKG2D co-stimulation also showed increased gene expression of tuberous sclerosis protein 2, a negative regulator of mTORc1, whereas CD28 co-stimulation increased gene expression of Ras homologue enriched in brain, an activator of mTORc1, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor-α, pro-angiogenic factors downstream of mTORc1. Strong mTORc1 activation in CD28-co-stimulated cells also increased expression of transcription factors that support effector cell differentiation, namely T-bet, B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein (BLIMP-1), interferon regulatory factor 4, and inhibitor of DNA binding 2, whereas low levels of mTORc1 activation allowed for the expression of Eomes, B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6), and inhibitor of DNA binding 3 during NKG2D stimulation, and increased expression of memory markers CD62 ligand and CD127. These data show that compared with CD28, co-stimulation through the NKG2D receptor leads to the differential activation of the mTOR signalling pathway and potentially supports memory CD8+ T-cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan McQueen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA, USA
| | - Kelsey Trace
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA, USA
| | - Emily Whitman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA, USA
| | - Taylor Bedsworth
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA, USA
| | - Amorette Barber
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Farmville, VA, USA
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Crosby EJ, Clark M, Novais FO, Wherry EJ, Scott P. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Expands a Population of NKG2D+CD8+ T Cells That Exacerbates Disease in Mice Coinfected with Leishmania major. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3301-10. [PMID: 26290604 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a significant neglected tropical disease that is associated with a wide range of clinical presentations and a lifelong persistent infection. Because of the chronic nature of the disease, there is a high risk for coinfection occurring in patients, and how coinfections influence the outcome of leishmaniasis is poorly understood. To address this issue, we infected mice with Leishmania major and 2 wk later with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and then monitored the course of infection. Leishmania parasites are controlled by production of IFN-γ, which leads to macrophage-mediated parasite killing. Thus, one might predict that coinfection with LCMV, which induces a strong systemic type 1 response, would accelerate disease resolution. However, we found that infection with LCMV led to significantly enhanced disease in L. major-infected animals. This increased disease correlated with an infiltration into the leishmanial lesions of NKG2D(+) CD8(+) T cells producing granzyme B, but surprisingly little IFN-γ. We found that depletion of CD8 T cells after viral clearance, as well as blockade of NKG2D, reversed the increased pathology seen in coinfected mice. Thus, this work highlights the impact a secondary infection can have on leishmaniasis and demonstrates that even pathogens known to promote a type 1 response may exacerbate leishmanial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika J Crosby
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Megan Clark
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Fernanda O Novais
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Phillip Scott
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
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Li M, Sun X, Kuang X, Liao Y, Li H, Luo D. Mesenchymal stem cells suppress CD8+ T cell-mediated activation by suppressing natural killer group 2, member D protein receptor expression and secretion of prostaglandin E2, indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase and transforming growth factor-β. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 178:516-24. [PMID: 25070361 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) inhibit immune cell responsiveness, and especially of T lymphocytes. We showed that BMSCs markedly inhibited the proliferation and cytokine production by CD8(+) T cells by a cell-to-cell contact phenomenon and secretion of soluble factors. BMSCs down-regulate the expression of natural killer group 2, member D protein (NKG2D) receptors on CD8(+) T cells when co-cultured with them. Moreover, CD8(+) T cells that express low levels of NKG2D had impaired proliferation after triggering by a mitogen. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related (MIC) A/B molecule, which is a typical ligand for NKG2D, was expressed on BMSCs, and caused dampening of cell proliferation. Monoclonal antibody blocking experiments targeted to MIC A/B impaired CD8(+) T cell function, as evaluated by proliferation and cytokine production. In addition, the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 were increased when BMSCs were co-cultured with CD8(+) T cells. The addition of specific inhibitors against PGE2 , IDO and TGF-β partially restored the proliferation of CD8(+) T cells. Our results suggest that BMSCs suppress CD8(+) T cell-mediated activation by suppressing NKG2D expression and secretion of PGE2, IDO and TGF-β. Our observations further confirm the feasibility of BMSCs as a potential adoptive cellular therapy in immune-mediated diseases such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfen Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Chinese Medicine in Guangxi, Nanning, China
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Fu J, Wang D, Yu Y, Heinrichs J, Wu Y, Schutt S, Kaosaard K, Liu C, Haarberg K, Bastian D, McDonald DG, Anasetti C, Yu XZ. T-bet is critical for the development of acute graft-versus-host disease through controlling T cell differentiation and function. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 194:388-97. [PMID: 25404360 PMCID: PMC4314960 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
T-bet is a master regulator for IFN-γ production and Th1 differentiation. We evaluated the roles of T-bet and IFN-γ in T cell responses in acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and found that T-bet(-/-) T cells induced significantly less GVHD compared with wild-type or IFN-γ(-/-) counterparts in both MHC-mismatched and MHC-matched but minor histocompatibility Ag-mismatched models driven by CD4 T cells. T-bet(-/-), but not IFN-γ(-/-), CD4 T cells had a markedly reduced ability to cause tissue damage in liver and gut. This distinct outcome is reflected by the differential gene expression on donor CD4 T cells deficient for T-bet or IFN-γ. At mRNA and protein levels, we defined several T-bet-dependent molecules that may account for the impaired ability of T-bet(-/-) T cells to migrate into target organs and to produce Th1-related cytokines. Moreover, these molecules were independent of either endogenous IFN-γ, such as CXCR3 and programmed death-1, or systematic IFN-γ, such as NKG2D, I-A(b), and granzyme B. Although both T-bet(-/-) and IFN-γ(-/-) CD4 T cells are prone to differentiate into Th17 cells, polarized Th17 cells deficient for T-bet but not for IFN-γ had a significantly reduced ability to cause GVHD. Finally, T-bet(-/-) T cells had a compromised graft-versus-leukemia effect, which could be essentially reversed by neutralization of IL-17 in the recipients. We conclude that T-bet is required for Th1 differentiation and migration, as well as for optimal function of Th17 cells. Thus, targeting T-bet or regulating its downstream effectors independent of IFN-γ may be a promising strategy to control GVHD in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Fu
- Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612; Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Yu Yu
- Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Jessica Heinrichs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Steven Schutt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Kane Kaosaard
- Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Kelley Haarberg
- Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - David Bastian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Daniel G McDonald
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; and
| | - Claudio Anasetti
- Immunology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
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Abstract
The molecular interactions underlying regulation of the immune response take place in a nanoscale gap between T cells and antigen-presenting cells, termed the immunological synapse. If these interactions are regulated appropriately, the host is defended against a wide range of pathogens and deranged host cells. If these interactions are disregulated, the host is susceptible to pathogens or tumor escape at one extreme and autoimmunity at the other. Strategies targeting the synapse have helped to establish immunotherapy as a mainstream element in cancer treatment. This Masters' primer will cover the basics of the immunological synapse and some of the applications to tumor immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Dustin
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, The University of Oxford, Headington, United Kingdom.
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Whitman E, Barber A. NKG2D receptor activation of NF-κB enhances inflammatory cytokine production in murine effector CD8(+) T cells. Mol Immunol 2014; 63:268-78. [PMID: 25089028 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To induce strong immune responses, naïve CD8(+) T cells require stimulation through the TCR and costimulatory receptors. However, the biological effect of activating costimulatory receptors on effector T cells is still unclear. One costimulatory receptor that is likely to be engaged at the target site is NKG2D. This activating receptor is expressed on human and murine CD8(+) T cells with its ligands expressed on the majority of tumor cells and during some infections. In order to determine how activation of costimulatory receptors alters effector CD8(+) T cell functions, this study compared the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by two costimulatory receptors, CD28 and NKG2D. Compared to CD28 costimulation, activation of murine effector CD8(+) T cells through CD3 and NKG2D receptors enhanced activation of NF-κB as shown by increased phosphorylation of IKKα, IκBα, and NF-κB and IκBα degradation. NKG2D costimulation also increased activation, nuclear translocation, and DNA binding of NF-κB p65/p50 dimers. Activation of the NF-κB pathway also lead to increased gene expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IFNα and IFNγ, and decreased gene expression and secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-10 and CCL2. Altered NF-κB activation also increased expression of the effector molecules TNFα, lymphotoxins α and β, and Fas ligand, and increased tumor cell killing through FasL. These data show that compared to CD28 costimulation, activation through the NKG2D receptor leads to the differential activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and potentially enhances the anti-tumor and anti-viral functions of effector CD8(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Whitman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Chichester Science Center 305A, 201 High Street, Farmville, VA 23909, USA
| | - Amorette Barber
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood University, Chichester Science Center 305A, 201 High Street, Farmville, VA 23909, USA.
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Abstract
Radiation therapy is currently one of the most widely utilized treatment strategies in the clinical management of cancer. Classically, radiation therapy was developed as an anticancer treatment on the basis of its capacity to induce DNA double strand breaks in exposed cancer cells, ultimately resulting in tumor cell death. Recently, our understanding of radiation effects has expanded widely in terms of the consequences of radiation-induced tumor cell death and the pertinent cells, signaling pathways, and molecular sensors that modify the tumor response to radiation. It is now well accepted that inflammation plays a complex dual role in promoting or inhibiting tumor growth. The capacity of inflammatory responses to alter the tumor response to radiation therapy, and vice versa, is now the subject of intense scientific and clinical investigation. Herein, we review the concepts regarding the immunostimulatory properties of radiation therapy with particular focus on the effects of radiation therapy on the tumor microenvironment.
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Le Floc'h A, Tanaka Y, Bantilan NS, Voisinne G, Altan-Bonnet G, Fukui Y, Huse M. Annular PIP3 accumulation controls actin architecture and modulates cytotoxicity at the immunological synapse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:2721-37. [PMID: 24190432 PMCID: PMC3832928 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In T cells, PI3K activation in the periphery of the immune synapse leads to PIP3 accumulation that promotes actin polymerization in a pathway important for cytotoxic function. The immunological synapse formed by a T lymphocyte on the surface of a target cell contains a peripheral ring of filamentous actin (F-actin) that promotes adhesion and facilitates the directional secretion of cytokines and cytolytic factors. We show that growth and maintenance of this F-actin ring is dictated by the annular accumulation of phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate (PIP3) in the synaptic membrane. PIP3 functions in this context by recruiting the exchange factor Dock2 to the periphery of the synapse, where it drives actin polymerization through the Rho-family GTPase Rac. We also show that synaptic PIP3 is generated by class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinases that associate with T cell receptor microclusters and are activated by the GTPase Ras. Perturbations that inhibit or promote PIP3-dependent F-actin remodeling dramatically affect T cell cytotoxicity, demonstrating the functional importance of this pathway. These results reveal how T cells use lipid-based signaling to control synaptic architecture and modulate effector responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Le Floc'h
- Immunology Program, 2 Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
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Serrano-Pertierra E, Cernuda-Morollón E, López-Larrea C. NKG2D- and CD28-mediated costimulation regulate CD8+
T cell chemotaxis through different mechanisms: the role of Cdc42/N-WASp. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 95:487-95. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0613316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Superior induction and maintenance of protective CD8 T cells in mice infected with mouse cytomegalovirus vector expressing RAE-1γ. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:16550-5. [PMID: 24052528 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1310215110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to a unique pattern of CD8 T-cell response induced by cytomegaloviruses (CMVs), live attenuated CMVs are attractive candidates for vaccine vectors for a number of clinically relevant infections and tumors. NKG2D is one of the most important activating NK cell receptors that plays a role in costimulation of CD8 T cells. Here we demonstrate that the expression of CD8 T-cell epitope of Listeria monocytogenes by a recombinant mouse CMV (MCMV) expressing the NKG2D ligand retinoic acid early-inducible protein 1-gamma (RAE-1γ) dramatically enhanced the effectiveness and longevity of epitope-specific CD8 T-cell response and conferred protection against a subsequent challenge infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Unexpectedly, the attenuated growth in vivo of the CMV vector expressing RAE-1γ and its capacity to enhance specific CD8 T-cell response were preserved even in mice lacking NKG2D, implying additional immune function for RAE-1γ beyond engagement of NKG2D. Thus, vectors expressing RAE-1γ represent a promising approach in the development of CD8 T-cell-based vaccines.
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Demaria S, Dustin ML. Role of the crosstalk between CTLA-4 and NKG2D in the development of anti-CTLA-4 treatment strategies. Immunotherapy 2013; 5:109-12. [PMID: 23413900 DOI: 10.2217/imt.12.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Hassan SS, Cho JE, Akram M, Fielding KL, Dockrell HM, Cliff JM. Modulation of NKG2D expression in human CD8(+) T cells corresponding with tuberculosis drug cure. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70063. [PMID: 23922903 PMCID: PMC3724721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biomarkers predicting tuberculosis treatment response and cure would facilitate drug development. This study investigated expression patterns of the co-stimulation molecule NKG2D in human tuberculosis and treatment to determine its potential usefulness as a host biomarker of tuberculosis drug efficacy. Methods Tuberculosis patients (n = 26) were recruited in Lahore, Pakistan, at diagnosis and followed up during treatment. Household contacts (n = 24) were also recruited. NKG2D expression was measured by qRT-PCR in RNA samples both ex vivo and following overnight mycobacterial stimulation in vitro. Protein expression of NKG2D and granzyme B was measured by flow cytometry. Results NKG2D expression in newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients was similar to household contacts in ex vivo RNA, but was higher following in vitro stimulation. The NKG2D expression was dramatically reduced by intensive phase chemotherapy, in both ex vivo blood RNA and CD8+ T cell protein expression, but then reverted to higher levels after the continuation phase in successfully treated patients. Conclusion The changes in NKG2D expression through successful treatment reflect modulation of the peripheral cytotoxic T cell response. This likely reflects firstly in vivo stimulation by live Mycobacterium tuberculosis, followed by the response to dead bacilli, antigen-release and finally immunopathology resolution. Such changes in host peripheral gene expression, alongside clinical and microbiological indices, could be developed into a biosignature of tuberculosis drug-induced cure to be used in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda S. Hassan
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jang-Eun Cho
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Katherine L. Fielding
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel M. Dockrell
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline M. Cliff
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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