1
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Vaughan HJ, Est-Witte S, Dockery LT, Urello MA, Boyd J, Keyser BD, Zhuang L, Marelli M, Christie RJ. A high-throughput lysosome trafficking assay guides ligand selection and elucidates differences in CD22-targeted nanodelivery. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2024; 25:2351791. [PMID: 38817250 PMCID: PMC11138227 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2351791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Targeted nanoparticles offer potential to selectively deliver therapeutics to cells; however, their subcellular fate following endocytosis must be understood to properly design mechanisms of drug release. Here we describe a nanoparticle platform and associated cell-based assay to observe lysosome trafficking of targeted nanoparticles in live cells. The nanoparticle platform utilizes two fluorescent dyes loaded onto PEG-poly(glutamic acid) and PEG-poly(Lysine) block co-polymers that also comprise azide reactive handles on PEG termini to attach antibody-based targeting ligands. Fluorophores were selected to be pH-sensitive (pHrodo Red) or pH-insensitive (Alexafluor 488) to report when nanoparticles enter low pH lysosomes. Dye-labelled block co-polymers were further assembled into polyion complex micelle nanoparticles and crosslinked through amide bond formation to form stable nano-scaffolds for ligand attachment. Cell binding and lysosome trafficking was determined in live cells by fluorescence imaging in 96-well plates and quantification of red- and green-fluorescence signals over time. The platform and assay was validated for selection of optimal antibody-derived targeting ligands directed towards CD22 for nanoparticle delivery. Kinetic analysis of uptake and lysosome trafficking indicated differences between ligand types and the ligand with the highest lysosome trafficking efficiency translated into effective DNA delivery with nanoparticles bearing the optimal ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. Vaughan
- Biologics Engineering, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Lance T. Dockery
- Biologics Engineering, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Morgan A. Urello
- Biologics Engineering, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Boyd
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharma R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Li Zhuang
- Biologics Engineering, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Marcello Marelli
- Biologics Engineering, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - R. James Christie
- Biologics Engineering, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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2
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Zareein A, Mahmoudi M, Jadhav SS, Wilmore J, Wu Y. Biomaterial engineering strategies for B cell immunity modulations. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1981-2006. [PMID: 38456305 PMCID: PMC11019864 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01841e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
B cell immunity has a penetrating effect on human health and diseases. Therapeutics aiming to modulate B cell immunity have achieved remarkable success in combating infections, autoimmunity, and malignancies. However, current treatments still face significant limitations in generating effective long-lasting therapeutic B cell responses for many conditions. As the understanding of B cell biology has deepened in recent years, clearer regulation networks for B cell differentiation and antibody production have emerged, presenting opportunities to overcome current difficulties and realize the full therapeutic potential of B cell immunity. Biomaterial platforms have been developed to leverage these emerging concepts to augment therapeutic humoral immunity by facilitating immunogenic reagent trafficking, regulating T cell responses, and modulating the immune microenvironment. Moreover, biomaterial engineering tools have also advanced our understanding of B cell biology, further expediting the development of novel therapeutics. In this review, we will introduce the general concept of B cell immunobiology and highlight key biomaterial engineering strategies in the areas including B cell targeted antigen delivery, sustained B cell antigen delivery, antigen engineering, T cell help optimization, and B cell suppression. We will also discuss our perspective on future biomaterial engineering opportunities to leverage humoral immunity for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zareein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- The BioInspired Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mina Mahmoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- The BioInspired Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Shruti Sunil Jadhav
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Joel Wilmore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Yaoying Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- The BioInspired Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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3
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Rapp PB, Baccile JA, Galimidi RP, Vielmetter J. Engineering Antigen-Specific Tolerance to an Artificial Protein Hydrogel. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2188-2199. [PMID: 38479351 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Artificial protein hydrogels are an emerging class of biomaterials with numerous prospective applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. These materials are likely to be immunogenic due to their frequent incorporation of novel amino acid sequence domains, which often serve a functional role within the material itself. We engineered injectable "self" and "nonself" artificial protein hydrogels, which were predicted to have divergent immune outcomes in vivo on the basis of their primary amino acid sequence. Following implantation in mouse, the nonself gels raised significantly higher antigel antibody titers than the corresponding self gels. Prophylactic administration of a fusion antibody targeting the nonself hydrogel epitopes to DEC-205, an endocytic receptor involved in Treg induction, fully suppressed the elevated antibody titer against the nonself gels. These results suggest that the clinical immune response to artificial protein biomaterials, including those that contain highly antigenic sequence domains, can be tuned through the induction of antigen-specific tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Rapp
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Joshua A Baccile
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Rachel P Galimidi
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jost Vielmetter
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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4
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Wißfeld J, Abou Assale T, Cuevas-Rios G, Liao H, Neumann H. Therapeutic potential to target sialylation and SIGLECs in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1330874. [PMID: 38529039 PMCID: PMC10961342 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1330874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids, commonly found as the terminal carbohydrate on the glycocalyx of mammalian cells, are pivotal checkpoint inhibitors of the innate immune system, particularly within the central nervous system (CNS). Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (SIGLECs) expressed on microglia are key players in maintaining microglial homeostasis by recognizing intact sialylation. The finely balanced sialic acid-SIGLEC system ensures the prevention of excessive and detrimental immune responses in the CNS. However, loss of sialylation and SIGLEC receptor dysfunctions contribute to several chronic CNS diseases. Genetic variants of SIGLEC3/CD33, SIGLEC11, and SIGLEC14 have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, while sialyltransferase ST8SIA2 and SIGLEC4/MAG have been linked to psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and autism spectrum disorders. Consequently, immune-modulatory functions of polysialic acids and SIGLEC binding antibodies have been exploited experimentally in animal models of Alzheimer's disease and inflammation-induced CNS tissue damage, including retinal damage. While the potential of these therapeutic approaches is evident, only a few therapies to target either sialylation or SIGLEC receptors have been tested in patient clinical trials. Here, we provide an overview of the critical role played by the sialic acid-SIGLEC axis in shaping microglial activation and function within the context of neurodegeneration and synaptopathies and discuss the current landscape of therapies that target sialylation or SIGLECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Wißfeld
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tawfik Abou Assale
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - German Cuevas-Rios
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Huan Liao
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Harald Neumann
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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5
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Conti G, Bärenwaldt A, Rabbani S, Mühlethaler T, Sarcevic M, Jiang X, Schwardt O, Ricklin D, Pieters RJ, Läubli H, Ernst B. Tetra- and Hexavalent Siglec-8 Ligands Modulate Immune Cell Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314280. [PMID: 37947772 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-binding proteins are generally characterized by poor affinities for their natural glycan ligands, predominantly due to the shallow and solvent-exposed binding sites. To overcome this drawback, nature has exploited multivalency to strengthen the binding by establishing multiple interactions simultaneously. The development of oligovalent structures frequently proved to be successful, not only for proteins with multiple binding sites, but also for proteins that possess a single recognition domain. Herein we present the syntheses of a number of oligovalent ligands for Siglec-8, a monomeric I-type lectin found on eosinophils and mast cells, alongside the thermodynamic characterization of their binding. While the enthalpic contribution of each binding epitope was within a narrow range to that of the monomeric ligand, the entropy penalty increased steadily with growing valency. Additionally, we observed a successful agonistic binding of the tetra- and hexavalent and, to an even larger extent, multivalent ligands to Siglec-8 on immune cells and modulation of immune cell activation. Thus, triggering a biological effect is not restricted to multivalent ligands but could be induced by low oligovalent ligands as well, whereas a monovalent ligand, despite binding with similar affinity, showed an antagonistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Conti
- Molecular Pharmacy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Bärenwaldt
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Said Rabbani
- Molecular Pharmacy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Mühlethaler
- Biophysics Facility, Department Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mirza Sarcevic
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Molecular Pharmacy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schwardt
- Molecular Pharmacy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ricklin
- Molecular Pharmacy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland J Pieters
- Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat Ernst
- Molecular Pharmacy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Apley KD, Griffith AS, Downes GM, Ross P, Farrell MP, Kendall P, Berkland CJ. CD22L Conjugation to Insulin Attenuates Insulin-Specific B Cell Activation. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:2077-2088. [PMID: 37883211 PMCID: PMC11034786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet-reactive B lymphocytes promote Type 1 diabetes (T1D) by presenting an antigen to islet-destructive T cells. Teplizumab, an anti-CD3 monoclonal, delays T1D onset in patients at risk, but additional therapies are needed to prevent the disease entirely. Therefore, bifunctional molecules were designed to selectively inhibit T1D-promoting anti-insulin B cells by conjugating a ligand for the B cell inhibitory receptor CD22 (i.e., CD22L) to insulin, which permit these molecules to concomitantly bind to anti-insulin B cell receptors (BCRs) and CD22. Two prototypes were synthesized: 2:2 insulin-CD22L conjugate on a 4-arm PEG backbone, and 1:1 insulin-CD22L direct conjugate. Transgenic mice (125TgSD) expressing anti-insulin BCRs provided cells for in vitro testing. Cells were cultured with constructs for 3 days, then assessed by flow cytometry. Duplicate wells with anti-CD40 simulated T cell help. A 2-insulin 4-arm PEG control caused robust proliferation and activation-induced CD86 upregulation. Anti-CD40 further boosted these effects. This may indicate that BCR-cross-linking occurs when antigens are tethered by the PEG backbone as soluble insulin alone has no effect. Addition of CD22L via the 2:2 insulin-CD22L conjugate restored B cell properties to that of controls without an additional beneficial effect. In contrast, the 1:1 insulin-CD22L direct conjugate significantly reduced anti-insulin B cell proliferation in the presence of anti-CD40. CD22L alone had no effect, and the constructs did not affect the WT B cells. Thus, multivalent antigen constructs tend to activate anti-insulin B cells, while monomeric antigen-CD22L conjugates reduce B cell activation in response to simulated T cell help and reduce pathogenic B cell numbers without harming normal cells. Therefore, monomeric antigen-CD22L conjugates warrant futher study and may be promising candidates for preclinical trials to prevent T1D without inducing immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Apley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Amber S Griffith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Grant M Downes
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Patrick Ross
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Mark P Farrell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Peggy Kendall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Cory J Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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7
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Zheng X, Li Y, Cui T, Yang J, Meng X, Wang H, Chen L, He J, Chen N, Meng L, Ding L, Xie R. Traceless Protein-Selective Glycan Labeling and Chemical Modification. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23670-23680. [PMID: 37857274 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Executing glycan editing at a molecular level not only is pivotal for the elucidation of complicated mechanisms involved in glycan-relevant biological processes but also provides a promising solution to potentiate disease therapy. However, the precision control of glycan modification or glyco-editing on a selected glycoprotein is by far a grand challenge. Of note is to preserve the intact cellular glycan landscape, which is preserved after editing events are completed. We report herein a versatile, traceless glycan modification methodology for customizing the glycoforms of targeted proteins (subtypes), by orchestrating chemical- and photoregulation in a protein-selective glycoenzymatic system. This method relies on a three-module, ligand-photocleavable linker-glycoenzyme (L-P-G) conjugate. We demonstrated that RGD- or synthetic carbohydrate ligand-containing conjugates (RPG and SPG) would not activate until after the ligand-receptor interaction is accomplished (chemical regulation). RPG and SPG can both release the glycoenzyme upon photoillumination (photoregulation). The adjustable glycoenzyme activity, combined with ligand recognition selectivity, minimizes unnecessary glycan editing perturbation, and photolytic cleavage enables precise temporal control of editing events. An altered target protein turnover and dimerization were observed in our system, emphasizing the significance of preserving the native physiological niche of a particular protein when precise modification on the carbohydrate epitope occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yiran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tongxiao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiangfeng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liusheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Nan Chen
- ChinaChomiX Biotech (Nanjing) Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Liying Meng
- Department of Medical Experimental Center, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, China
| | - Lin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ran Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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8
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Cao Y, Rische CH, Bochner BS, O’Sullivan JA. Interactions between Siglec-8 and endogenous sialylated cis ligands restrain cell death induction in human eosinophils and mast cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1283370. [PMID: 37928558 PMCID: PMC10623328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1283370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-8 is a sialoside-binding receptor expressed by eosinophils and mast cells that exhibits priming status- and cell type-dependent inhibitory activity. On eosinophils that have been primed with IL-5, GM-CSF, or IL-33, antibody ligation of Siglec-8 induces cell death through a pathway involving the β2 integrin-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via NADPH oxidase. In contrast, Siglec-8 engagement on mast cells inhibits cellular activation and mediator release but reportedly does not impact cell viability. The differences in responses between cytokine-primed and unprimed eosinophils, and between eosinophils and mast cells, to Siglec-8 ligation are not understood. We previously found that Siglec-8 binds to sialylated ligands present on the surface of the same cell (so-called cis ligands), preventing Siglec-8 ligand binding in trans. However, the functional relevance of these cis ligands has not been elucidated. We therefore explored the potential influence of cis ligands of Siglec-8 on both eosinophils and mast cells. De-sialylation using exogenous sialidase profoundly altered the consequences of Siglec-8 antibody engagement on both cell types, eliminating the need for cytokine priming of eosinophils to facilitate cell death and enabling Siglec-8-dependent mast cell death without impacting anti-Siglec-8 antibody binding. The cell death process licensed by de-sialylation resembled that characterized in IL-5-primed eosinophils, including CD11b upregulation, ROS production, and the activities of Syk, PI3K, and PLC. These results implicate cis ligands in restraining Siglec-8 function on eosinophils and mast cells and reveal a promising approach to the selective depletion of mast cells in patients with mast cell-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Cao
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Clayton H. Rische
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University McCormick School of Engineering, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Bruce S. Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeremy A. O’Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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9
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O'Sullivan JA, Youngblood BA, Schleimer RP, Bochner BS. Siglecs as potential targets of therapy in human mast cell- and/or eosinophil-associated diseases. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101799. [PMID: 37413923 PMCID: PMC10528103 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are a family of vertebrate glycan-binding cell-surface proteins. The majority mediate cellular inhibitory activity once engaged by specific ligands or ligand-mimicking molecules. As a result, Siglec engagement is now of interest as a strategy to therapeutically dampen unwanted cellular responses. When considering allergic inflammation, human eosinophils and mast cells express overlapping but distinct patterns of Siglecs. For example, Siglec-6 is selectively and prominently expressed on mast cells while Siglec-8 is highly specific for both eosinophils and mast cells. This review will focus on a subset of Siglecs and their various endogenous or synthetic sialoside ligands that regulate eosinophil and mast cell function and survival. It will also summarize how certain Siglecs have become the focus of novel therapies for allergic and other eosinophil- and mast cell-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A O'Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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10
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Ren X, Liu S, Virlogeux A, Kang SJ, Brusch J, Liu Y, Dymecki SM, Han S, Goulding M, Acton D. Identification of an essential spinoparabrachial pathway for mechanical itch. Neuron 2023; 111:1812-1829.e6. [PMID: 37023756 PMCID: PMC10446756 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The sensation of itch is a protective response that is elicited by either mechanical or chemical stimuli. The neural pathways for itch transmission in the skin and spinal cord have been characterized previously, but the ascending pathways that transmit sensory information to the brain to evoke itch perception have not been identified. Here, we show that spinoparabrachial neurons co-expressing Calcrl and Lbx1 are essential for generating scratching responses to mechanical itch stimuli. Moreover, we find that mechanical and chemical itch are transmitted by separate ascending pathways to the parabrachial nucleus, where they engage separate populations of FoxP2PBN neurons to drive scratching behavior. In addition to revealing the architecture of the itch transmission circuitry required for protective scratching in healthy animals, we identify the cellular mechanisms underlying pathological itch by showing the ascending pathways for mechanical and chemical itch function cooperatively with the FoxP2PBN neurons to drive chronic itch and hyperknesis/alloknesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Ren
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Biology Graduate Program, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shijia Liu
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Biology Graduate Program, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amandine Virlogeux
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sukjae J Kang
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeremy Brusch
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- NIDCR, National Institute of Health, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Susan M Dymecki
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sung Han
- Peptide Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Martyn Goulding
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - David Acton
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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11
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Leusmann S, Ménová P, Shanin E, Titz A, Rademacher C. Glycomimetics for the inhibition and modulation of lectins. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3663-3740. [PMID: 37232696 PMCID: PMC10243309 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00954d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are essential mediators of many processes in health and disease. They regulate self-/non-self- discrimination, are key elements of cellular communication, cancer, infection and inflammation, and determine protein folding, function and life-times. Moreover, they are integral to the cellular envelope for microorganisms and participate in biofilm formation. These diverse functions of carbohydrates are mediated by carbohydrate-binding proteins, lectins, and the more the knowledge about the biology of these proteins is advancing, the more interfering with carbohydrate recognition becomes a viable option for the development of novel therapeutics. In this respect, small molecules mimicking this recognition process become more and more available either as tools for fostering our basic understanding of glycobiology or as therapeutics. In this review, we outline the general design principles of glycomimetic inhibitors (Section 2). This section is then followed by highlighting three approaches to interfere with lectin function, i.e. with carbohydrate-derived glycomimetics (Section 3.1), novel glycomimetic scaffolds (Section 3.2) and allosteric modulators (Section 3.3). We summarize recent advances in design and application of glycomimetics for various classes of lectins of mammalian, viral and bacterial origin. Besides highlighting design principles in general, we showcase defined cases in which glycomimetics have been advanced to clinical trials or marketed. Additionally, emerging applications of glycomimetics for targeted protein degradation and targeted delivery purposes are reviewed in Section 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Leusmann
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Ménová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Shanin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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12
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Brzezicka KA, Paulson JC. Impact of Siglecs on autoimmune diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 90:101140. [PMID: 36055802 PMCID: PMC9905255 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases affect tens of millions of people just in the United States alone. Most of the available treatment options are aimed at reducing symptoms but do not lead to cures. Individuals affected with autoimmune diseases suffer from the imbalance between tolerogenic and immunogenic functions of their immune system. Often pathogenesis is mediated by autoreactive B and T cells that escape central tolerance and react against self-antigens attacking healthy tissues in the body. In recent years Siglecs, sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin (Ig)-like lectins, have gained attention as immune checkpoints for therapeutic interventions to dampen excessive immune responses and to restore immune tolerance in autoimmune diseases. Many Siglecs function as inhibitory receptors suppressing activation signals in various immune cells through binding to sialic acid ligands as signatures of self. In this review, we highlight potential of Siglecs in suppressing immune responses causing autoimmune diseases. In particular, we cover the roles of CD22 and Siglec-G/Siglec-10 in regulating autoreactive B cell responses. We discuss several functions of Siglec-10 in the immune modulation of other immune cells, and the potential of therapeutic strategies for restoring immune tolerance by targeting Siglecs and expanding regulatory T cells. Finally, we briefly review efforts evaluating Siglec-based biomarkers to monitor autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Alicja Brzezicka
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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13
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Ancheta LR, Shramm PA, Bouajram R, Higgins D, Lappi DA. Streptavidin-Saporin: Converting Biotinylated Materials into Targeted Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030181. [PMID: 36977072 PMCID: PMC10059012 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptavidin-Saporin can be considered a type of ‘secondary’ targeted toxin. The scientific community has taken advantage of this conjugate in clever and fruitful ways using many kinds of biotinylated targeting agents to send saporin into a cell selected for elimination. Saporin is a ribosome-inactivating protein that causes inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death when delivered inside a cell. Streptavidin-Saporin, mixed with biotinylated molecules to cell surface markers, results in powerful conjugates that are used both in vitro and in vivo for behavior and disease research. Streptavidin-Saporin harnesses the ‘Molecular Surgery’ capability of saporin, creating a modular arsenal of targeted toxins used in applications ranging from the screening of potential therapeutics to behavioral studies and animal models. The reagent has become a well-published and validated resource in academia and industry. The ease of use and diverse functionality of Streptavidin-Saporin continues to have a significant impact on the life science industry.
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14
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Abstract
Siglecs are a family of immunomodulatory cell surface receptors present on white blood cells. Binding to cell surface sialic acid-containing glycans modulates the proximity of Siglecs to other receptors that they regulate. This proximity is key to enabling signaling motifs on the cytosolic domain of Siglecs to modulate immune responses. Given the important roles that Siglecs play in helping to maintain immune homeostasis, a better understanding of their glycan ligands is needed to elucidate their roles in health and disease. A common approach for probing Siglec ligands on cells is to use soluble versions of the recombinant Siglecs in conjunction with flow cytometry. Flow cytometry has many advantages in enabling the relative levels of Siglec ligands between cell types to be rapidly quantified. Here, a step-by-step protocol is described on how to detect Siglec ligands most sensitively and accurately on cells by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward N Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jaesoo Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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15
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Cooper O, Waespy M, Chen D, Kelm S, Li Q, Haselhorst T, Tiralongo J. Sugar-decorated carbon dots: a novel tool for targeting immunomodulatory receptors. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:5355-5364. [PMID: 36540112 PMCID: PMC9729803 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00364c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between sialic acid (Sia) and sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (siglecs) regulate the immune system, with aberrations contributing to pathologies such as autoimmunity, infectious disease and cancer. Over the last decade, several multivalent Sia ligands have been synthesized to modulate the Sia-binding affinity of proteins/lectins. Here, we report a novel class of multivalent siglec probes through the decoration of α(2,6)-sialyllactose ligands on inherently fluorescent carbon dots (CD). We show that the preference of α(2,3)-linked Sia for siglec-1 can be altered by increasing the multivalence of Sia ligands present on the CD, and that a locally high glycan concentration can have a direct effect on linkage specificity. Additionally, micromolar (IC50 ∼ 70 μM) interaction of α(2,6)-sialyllactose-CD (6-CD) with siglec-2 (CD22) revealed it was capable of generating a significant cytotoxic effect on Burkitt's Lymphoma (BL) Daudi B cells. This phenonomen was attributed to 6-CD's ability to form trans interactions with CD22 on masked BL Daudi cells as a direct result of clustering of the Sia moiety on the CD surface. Overall, our glycoengineered carbon dots represent a novel high affinity molecular probe with multiple applications in sialoglycoscience and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Cooper
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University Queensland 4222 Australia
| | - Mario Waespy
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen 28334 Bremen Germany
| | - Dechao Chen
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Nathan Campus, Griffith University QLD 4111 Australia
| | - Sørge Kelm
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen 28334 Bremen Germany
| | - Qin Li
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Nathan Campus, Griffith University QLD 4111 Australia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Australia, Nathan Campus, Griffith University QLD 4111 Australia
| | - Thomas Haselhorst
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University Queensland 4222 Australia
| | - Joe Tiralongo
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University Queensland 4222 Australia
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16
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Ton Tran HT, Li C, Chakraberty R, Cairo CW. NEU1 and NEU3 enzymes alter CD22 organization on B cells. BIOPHYSICAL REPORTS 2022; 2:100064. [PMID: 36425332 PMCID: PMC9680808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpr.2022.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The B cell membrane expresses sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins, also called Siglecs, that are important for modulating immune response. Siglecs have interactions with sialoglycoproteins found on the same membrane (cis-ligands) that result in homotypic and heterotypic receptor clusters. The regulation and organization of these clusters, and their effect on cell activation, is not clearly understood. We investigated the role of human neuraminidase enzymes NEU1 and NEU3 on the clustering of CD22 on B cells using confocal microscopy. We observed that native NEU1 and NEU3 activity influence the cluster size of CD22. Using single-particle tracking, we observed that NEU3 activity increased the lateral mobility of CD22, which was in contrast to the effect of exogenous bacterial NEU enzymes. Moreover, we show that native NEU1 and NEU3 activity influenced cellular Ca2+ levels, supporting a role for these enzymes in regulating B cell activation. Our results establish a role for native NEU activity in modulating CD22 organization and function on B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh-Thuc Ton Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Caishun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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17
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Prescher H, Schweizer A, Frank M, Kuhfeldt E, Ring J, Nitschke L. Targeting Human CD22/Siglec-2 with Dimeric Sialosides as Novel Oligosaccharide Mimetics. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10588-10610. [PMID: 35881556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Significant interest in the development of high-affinity ligands for Siglecs exists due to the various therapeutically relevant functions of these proteins. Here, we report a new strategy to develop and design Siglec ligands as disialyl-oligosaccharide mimetics exemplified on Siglec-2 (CD22). We report insights into development of dimeric ligands with high affinity and avidity to cell surface-expressed CD22, assay development, tool compounds, structure activity relationships, and biological data on calcium flux regulation in B-cells. The binding modes of selected ligands have been modeled based on state-of-the-art molecular dynamics simulations on the microsecond timescale, providing detailed views on ligand binding and opening a new perspective on drug design efforts for Siglecs. High-avidity dimeric ligands containing a linker opening the way towards bispecifics are presented as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Astrid Schweizer
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Frank
- Biognos AB, Generatorsgatan 1, 40274 Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Julia Ring
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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18
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Buchanan CJ, Gaunt B, Harrison PJ, Yang Y, Liu J, Khan A, Giltrap AM, Le Bas A, Ward PN, Gupta K, Dumoux M, Tan TK, Schimaski L, Daga S, Picchiotti N, Baldassarri M, Benetti E, Fallerini C, Fava F, Giliberti A, Koukos PI, Davy MJ, Lakshminarayanan A, Xue X, Papadakis G, Deimel LP, Casablancas-Antràs V, Claridge TDW, Bonvin AMJJ, Sattentau QJ, Furini S, Gori M, Huo J, Owens RJ, Schaffitzel C, Berger I, Renieri A, Naismith JH, Baldwin AJ, Davis BG. Pathogen-sugar interactions revealed by universal saturation transfer analysis. Science 2022; 377:eabm3125. [PMID: 35737812 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm3125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many pathogens exploit host cell-surface glycans. However, precise analyses of glycan ligands binding with heavily modified pathogen proteins can be confounded by overlapping sugar signals and/or compounded with known experimental constraints. Universal saturation transfer analysis (uSTA) builds on existing nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to provide an automated workflow for quantitating protein-ligand interactions. uSTA reveals that early-pandemic, B-origin-lineage severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike trimer binds sialoside sugars in an "end-on" manner. uSTA-guided modeling and a high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure implicate the spike N-terminal domain (NTD) and confirm end-on binding. This finding rationalizes the effect of NTD mutations that abolish sugar binding in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Together with genetic variance analyses in early pandemic patient cohorts, this binding implicates a sialylated polylactosamine motif found on tetraantennary N-linked glycoproteins deep in the human lung as potentially relevant to virulence and/or zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Buchanan
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Ben Gaunt
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Peter J Harrison
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.,Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Yun Yang
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK.,Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jiwei Liu
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Aziz Khan
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Andrew M Giltrap
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Audrey Le Bas
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK.,Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Philip N Ward
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Kapil Gupta
- Max Planck Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Maud Dumoux
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Lisa Schimaski
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Sergio Daga
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Picchiotti
- Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Mathematics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Margherita Baldassarri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elisa Benetti
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Fallerini
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Fava
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Annarita Giliberti
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Panagiotis I Koukos
- Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Davy
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Abirami Lakshminarayanan
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Xiaochao Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.,Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Virgínia Casablancas-Antràs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | | | - Alexandre M J J Bonvin
- Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Simone Furini
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Gori
- Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Maasai, I3S CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Jiandong Huo
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK.,Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK.,Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Christiane Schaffitzel
- Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Imre Berger
- Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | | | - James H Naismith
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK.,Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Andrew J Baldwin
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Benjamin G Davis
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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19
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Marlin A, Le Pape F, Le Goff J, Hamon N, Troadec T, Tripier R, Berthou C, Patinec V. New Triazacycloalkane Derivatives as Cytotoxic Agents for CLL Treatment: From Proof of Concept to the Targeting Biomolecule. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1377-1392. [PMID: 35709513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 1,4,7-tris-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane ligand (no3py) and its bifunctional analogue no3pyCOOK were synthesized to investigate their action toward zinc(II) depletion related to the apoptosis phenomenon in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. no3py was used as the "free" ligand, while its "graftable" derivative was conjugated on a newly synthesized bifunctional sialoglycan, 6'-SL-NH2, selected to specifically bind CD22 biomarker expressed on the B-CLL cell surface. Both compounds were produced with good yields thanks to a Sonogashira coupling reaction and an orthoester function, respectively, for the chelator and the targeting moiety. The newly reported bioconjugate 6'-SL-no3py was then obtained through a peptidic coupling reaction. Biological in vitro studies of no3py and 6'-SL-no3py consisting of real-time detection of cell health (cytotoxicity and proliferation) and caspases 3/7 activation (crucial enzymes whose activation triggers cell death signaling pathways) have been investigated. First, Ramos, Daudi, and Raji B-cell lines, which present different sensitivity to zinc(II) content variation, were incubated with no3py and 6'-SL-no3py. Then, a videomicroscope allowed the real-time monitoring of the morphological changes leading to cell death from the detection of the cytotoxicity, the antiproliferative effect, and the caspasic activity. In terms of mechanism, the Zn2+ chelator cytotoxic effect of no3py has been evidenced by a culture medium ion supplementation study and by the decrease of intracellular fluorescence of Zn-specific fluorophore zinquin in the presence of no3py and 6'-SL-no3py chelators. Finally, flow cytometry analysis with classical Annexin V staining was conducted to detect no3py- and 6'-SL-no3py-induced apoptotic cell death in B-CLL cells. Time-course analysis, using the Incucyte Live-Cell Analysis System, demonstrated that no3py induced cell death in a time- and dose-dependent manner with variability across cell lines. 6'-SL-no3py exhibited the same dose-dependent trend as no3py, showing the efficiency of the targeting moiety. In both cases, the chelators depicted proliferation curves that were inversely correlated with kinetic death. Morphological changes specific to apoptosis and caspase 3/7 activation were observed for the three cell lines treated with no3py and 6'-SL-no3py, highlighting their role as apoptotic agents. A higher concentration of 6'-SL-no3py is needed to reach 50% of the B-CLL mortality, confirming a targeting of the chelator to the cell membrane. Overall, our results proved that the biological properties of the triazamacrocyclic chelator still remain even after addition of the targeting moiety. The free chelator as well as the bioconjugate constitute promising cytotoxic agents for CLL therapy through apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axia Marlin
- Univ. Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Fiona Le Pape
- Univ. Brest, UMR-INSERM 1227 LBAI, 5 Avenue Foch, CHU Morvan, BP 824, 29609 Brest, France
| | - Jocelyn Le Goff
- Univ. Brest, UMR-INSERM 1227 LBAI, 5 Avenue Foch, CHU Morvan, BP 824, 29609 Brest, France
| | - Nadège Hamon
- Univ. Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Thibault Troadec
- Univ. Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- Univ. Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Christian Berthou
- Univ. Brest, UMR-INSERM 1227 LBAI, 5 Avenue Foch, CHU Morvan, BP 824, 29609 Brest, France
| | - Véronique Patinec
- Univ. Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
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20
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Forgione RE, Nieto FF, Di Carluccio C, Milanesi F, Fruscella M, Papi F, Nativi C, Molinaro A, Palladino P, Scarano S, Minunni M, Montefiori M, Civera M, Sattin S, Francesconi O, Marchetti R, Silipo A. Conformationally Constrained Sialyl Analogues as New Potential Binders of h-CD22. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200076. [PMID: 35313057 PMCID: PMC9315041 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, two conformationally constrained sialyl analogues were synthesized and characterized in their interaction with the inhibitory Siglec, human CD22 (h‐CD22). An orthogonal approach, including biophysical assays (SPR and fluorescence), ligand‐based NMR techniques, and molecular modelling, was employed to disentangle the interaction mechanisms at a molecular level. The results showed that the Sialyl‐TnThr antigen analogue represents a promising scaffold for the design of novel h‐CD22 inhibitors. Our findings also suggest that the introduction of a biphenyl moiety at position 9 of the sialic acid hampers canonical accommodation of the ligand in the protein binding pocket, even though the affinity with respect to the natural ligand is increased. Our results address the search for novel modifications of the Neu5Ac‐α(2‐6)‐Gal epitope, outline new insights for the design and synthesis of high‐affinity h‐CD22 ligands, and offer novel prospects for therapeutic intervention to prevent autoimmune diseases and B‐cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Ester Forgione
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ferran Fabregat Nieto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Cristina Di Carluccio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Milanesi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.,Centro Risonanze Magnetiche, CERM, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Martina Fruscella
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco Papi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Palladino
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Simona Scarano
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Maria Minunni
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Marco Montefiori
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Civera
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Sattin
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi, 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Oscar Francesconi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Roberta Marchetti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Napoli, Italy
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21
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Rizzuto G, Brooks JF, Tuomivaara ST, McIntyre TI, Ma S, Rideaux D, Zikherman J, Fisher SJ, Erlebacher A. Establishment of fetomaternal tolerance through glycan-mediated B cell suppression. Nature 2022; 603:497-502. [PMID: 35236989 PMCID: PMC9592526 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Discrimination of self from non-self is fundamental to a wide range of immunological processes1. During pregnancy, the mother does not recognize the placenta as immunologically foreign because antigens expressed by trophoblasts, the placental cells that interface with the maternal immune system, do not activate maternal T cells2. Currently, these activation defects are thought to reflect suppression by regulatory T cells3. By contrast, mechanisms of B cell tolerance to trophoblast antigens have not been identified. Here we provide evidence that glycan-mediated B cell suppression has a key role in establishing fetomaternal tolerance in mice. B cells specific for a model trophoblast antigen are strongly suppressed through CD22-LYN inhibitory signalling, which in turn implicates the sialylated glycans of the antigen as key suppressive determinants. Moreover, B cells mediate the MHC-class-II-restricted presentation of antigens to CD4+ T cells, which leads to T cell suppression, and trophoblast-derived sialoglycoproteins are released into the maternal circulation during pregnancy in mice and humans. How protein glycosylation promotes non-immunogenic placental self-recognition may have relevance to immune-mediated pregnancy complications and to tumour immune evasion. We also anticipate that our findings will bolster efforts to harness glycan biology to control antigen-specific immune responses in autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rizzuto
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J F Brooks
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S T Tuomivaara
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sandler-Moore Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - T I McIntyre
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Rideaux
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Zikherman
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S J Fisher
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A Erlebacher
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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22
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Lim J, Sari-Ak D, Bagga T. Siglecs as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1178. [PMID: 34827170 PMCID: PMC8615218 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypersialylation is a common post-translational modification of protein and lipids found on cancer cell surfaces, which participate in cell-cell interactions and in the regulation of immune responses. Sialic acids are a family of nine-carbon α-keto acids found at the outermost ends of glycans attached to cell surfaces. Given their locations on cell surfaces, tumor cells aberrantly overexpress sialic acids, which are recognized by Siglec receptors found on immune cells to mediate broad immunomodulatory signaling. Enhanced sialylation exposed on cancer cell surfaces is exemplified as "self-associated molecular pattern" (SAMP), which tricks Siglec receptors found on leukocytes to greatly down-regulate immune responsiveness, leading to tumor growth. In this review, we focused on all 15 human Siglecs (including Siglec XII), many of which still remain understudied. We also highlighted strategies that disrupt the course of Siglec-sialic acid interactions, such as antibody-based therapies and sialic acid mimetics leading to tumor cell depletion. Herein, we introduced the central roles of Siglecs in mediating pro-tumor immunity and discussed strategies that target these receptors, which could benefit improved cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackwee Lim
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 8a Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore;
| | - Duygu Sari-Ak
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey;
| | - Tanaya Bagga
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 8a Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore;
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23
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Lünemann JD, von Gunten S, Neumann H. Targeting sialylation to treat central nervous system diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:998-1008. [PMID: 34607695 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (SIGLECs) are membrane receptors that are preferentially expressed on immune cells and recognize sialylated proteins, lipids, and RNA. Sialic acids and signaling through SIGLECs are increasingly recognized for their essential roles in immune system homeostasis as well as nervous system development, plasticity, and repair. Dysregulated sialylation and SIGLEC dysfunctions contribute to several chronic diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) in which current therapeutic options are very limited. While only a few therapies targeting SIGLECs are currently being tested in clinical trials, the area emerged as one of the most dynamic and active fields in glycobiology and drug development. This review highlights recent insights into sialic acid and SIGLEC function in CNS pathologies and illustrates opportunities and challenges for the development of sialic acid-based and SIGLEC-targeted therapies for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan D Lünemann
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | | | - Harald Neumann
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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24
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Meyer SJ, Steffensen M, Acs A, Weisenburger T, Wadewitz C, Winkler TH, Nitschke L. CD22 Controls Germinal Center B Cell Receptor Signaling, Which Influences Plasma Cell and Memory B Cell Output. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1018-1032. [PMID: 34330755 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Germinal center reactions are established during a thymus-dependent immune response. Germinal center (GC) B cells are rapidly proliferating and undergo somatic hypermutation in Ab genes. This results in the production of high-affinity Abs and establishment of long-lived memory cells. GC B cells show lower BCR-induced signaling when compared with naive B cells, but the functional relevance is not clear. CD22 is a member of the Siglec family and functions as an inhibitory coreceptor on B cells. Interestingly, GC B cells downregulate sialic acid forms that serve as high-affinity ligands for CD22, indicating a role for CD22 ligand binding during GC responses. We studied the role of CD22 in the GC with mixed bone marrow chimeric mice and found a disadvantage of CD22-/- GC B cells during the GC reaction. Mechanistic investigations ruled out defects in dark zone/light zone distribution and affinity maturation. Rather, an increased rate of apoptosis in CD22-/- GC B cells was responsible for the disadvantage, also leading to a lower GC output in plasma cells and memory B cells. CD22-/- GC B cells showed a clearly increased calcium response upon BCR stimulation, which was almost absent in wild-type GC B cells. We conclude that the differential expression of the low-affinity cis CD22 ligands in the GC normally results in a strong attenuation of BCR signaling in GC B cells, probably due to higher CD22-BCR interactions. Therefore, attenuation of BCR signaling by CD22 is involved in GC output and B cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Meyer
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marie Steffensen
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Acs
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Weisenburger
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Wadewitz
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas H Winkler
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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25
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Hammood M, Craig AW, Leyton JV. Impact of Endocytosis Mechanisms for the Receptors Targeted by the Currently Approved Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs)-A Necessity for Future ADC Research and Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070674. [PMID: 34358100 PMCID: PMC8308841 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologically-based therapies increasingly rely on the endocytic cycle of internalization and exocytosis of target receptors for cancer therapies. However, receptor trafficking pathways (endosomal sorting (recycling, lysosome localization) and lateral membrane movement) are often dysfunctional in cancer. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have revitalized the concept of targeted chemotherapy by coupling inhibitory antibodies to cytotoxic payloads. Significant advances in ADC technology and format, and target biology have hastened the FDA approval of nine ADCs (four since 2019). Although the links between aberrant endocytic machinery and cancer are emerging, the impact of dysregulated internalization processes of ADC targets and response rates or resistance have not been well studied. This is despite the reliance on ADC uptake and trafficking to lysosomes for linker cleavage and payload release. In this review, we describe what is known about all the target antigens for the currently approved ADCs. Specifically, internalization efficiency and relevant intracellular sorting activities are described for each receptor under normal processes, and when complexed to an ADC. In addition, we discuss aberrant endocytic processes that have been directly linked to preclinical ADC resistance mechanisms. The implications of endocytosis in regard to therapeutic effectiveness in the clinic are also described. Unexpectedly, information on endocytosis is scarce (absent for two receptors). Moreover, much of what is known about endocytosis is not in the context of receptor-ADC/antibody complexes. This review provides a deeper understanding of the pertinent principles of receptor endocytosis for the currently approved ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Hammood
- Departément de Medécine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Medécine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | - Andrew W. Craig
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada;
| | - Jeffrey V. Leyton
- Departément de Medécine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Medécine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
- Centre d’Imagerie Moleculaire, Centre de Recherche, CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-819-346-1110
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26
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Abstract
A dense and diverse array of glycans on glycoproteins and glycolipids decorate all cell surfaces. In vertebrates, many of these carry sialic acid, in a variety of linkages and glycan contexts, as their outermost sugar moiety. Among their functions, glycans engage complementary glycan binding proteins (lectins) to regulate cell physiology. Among the glycan binding proteins are the Siglecs, sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-like lectins. In humans, there are 14 Siglecs, most of which are expressed on overlapping subsets of immune system cells. Each Siglec engages distinct, endogenous sialylated glycans that initiate signaling programs and regulate cellular responses. Here, we explore the emerging science of Siglec ligands, including endogenous sialoglycoproteins and glycolipids and synthetic sialomimetics. Knowledge in this field promises to reveal new molecular pathways controlling cell physiology and new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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27
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Rosenstock P, Kaufmann T. Sialic Acids and Their Influence on Human NK Cell Function. Cells 2021; 10:263. [PMID: 33572710 PMCID: PMC7911748 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids are sugars with a nine-carbon backbone, present on the surface of all cells in humans, including immune cells and their target cells, with various functions. Natural Killer (NK) cells are cells of the innate immune system, capable of killing virus-infected and tumor cells. Sialic acids can influence the interaction of NK cells with potential targets in several ways. Different NK cell receptors can bind sialic acids, leading to NK cell inhibition or activation. Moreover, NK cells have sialic acids on their surface, which can regulate receptor abundance and activity. This review is focused on how sialic acids on NK cells and their target cells are involved in NK cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Rosenstock
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystr. 1, D-06114 Halle/Saale, Germany;
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28
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40 years of glyco-polyacrylamide in glycobiology. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:89-100. [PMID: 33443721 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyacrylamide conjugates of glycans have long been widely used in many research areas of glycobiology, mainly for immobilizing glycans in solid-phase assays and as multivalent inhibitors. Pending biotin tag allows immobilizing Glyc-PAA quantitatively on any surface, and acts as a tracer for detection of carbohydrate-binding proteins. However, the scope of already realized capabilities of these probes is immeasurably richer than those listed above. This review is not so much about routine as about less common, but not less significant applications. Also, the data on the glycopolymers themselves, their molecular weight, size and polymer chain flexibility are presented, as well as the methods of synthesis, clusterisation and entropy factor in their interaction with proteins.
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29
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Current Status on Therapeutic Molecules Targeting Siglec Receptors. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122691. [PMID: 33333862 PMCID: PMC7765293 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type of lectins (Siglecs) are receptors that recognize sialic acid-containing glycans. In the majority of the cases, Siglecs are expressed on immune cells and play a critical role in regulating immune cell signaling. Over the years, it has been shown that the sialic acid-Siglec axis participates in immunological homeostasis, and that any imbalance can trigger different pathologies, such as autoimmune diseases or cancer. For all this, different therapeutics have been developed that bind to Siglecs, either based on antibodies or being smaller molecules. In this review, we briefly introduce the Siglec family and we compile a description of glycan-based molecules and antibody-based therapies (including CAR-T and bispecific antibodies) that have been designed to therapeutically targeting Siglecs.
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30
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Abdu-Allah HHM, Wu SC, Lin CH, Tseng YY. Design, synthesis and molecular docking study of α-triazolylsialosides as non-hydrolyzable and potent CD22 ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112707. [PMID: 32942185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ligand 1 was the first reported example of monomeric high-affinity synthetic CD22 ligand that regulated B cell activation in vitro, augmented antibody production and regulated immune responses in mice. Replacing O-glycoside linkage of 1 by nitrogen of triazole by click reaction afforded compounds which are as potent as the parent compound. The synthesis of the new compounds is straightforward with fewer synthetic steps and higher yield. Such a strategy provided stable ligand that can bind avidly and can be conjugated to drugs for B-cell targeting or multimeric formation. The new compounds were screened for their affinity to CD22, using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Compound 12 was obtained as a bioisosteric analogue and an anomerically stable imitation of 1. It was, also, screened for MAG to test for selectivity and analyzed by molecular docking and dynamic simulation to explore the potential binding modes and source of selectivity within CD22. Our results could enable the development of small molecule drug capable of modulating the activity of CD22 in autoimmune diseases and malignancies derived from B-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajjaj H M Abdu-Allah
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Shang-Chuen Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yao Tseng
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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31
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Mertsch A, Poschenrieder S, Fessner W. Semi‐Synthetic Sialic Acid Probes for Challenging the Substrate Promiscuity of Enzymes in the Sialoconjugation Pathway. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mertsch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Silvan Poschenrieder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Wolf‐Dieter Fessner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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32
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Kroezen BS, Conti G, Girardi B, Cramer J, Jiang X, Rabbani S, Müller J, Kokot M, Luisoni E, Ricklin D, Schwardt O, Ernst B. A Potent Mimetic of the Siglec-8 Ligand 6'-Sulfo-Sialyl Lewis x. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1706-1719. [PMID: 32744401 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Siglecs are members of the immunoglobulin gene family containing sialic acid binding N-terminal domains. Among them, Siglec-8 is expressed on various cell types of the immune system such as eosinophils, mast cells and weakly on basophils. Cross-linking of Siglec-8 with monoclonal antibodies triggers apoptosis in eosinophils and inhibits degranulation of mast cells, making Siglec-8 a promising target for the treatment of eosinophil- and mast cell-associated diseases such as asthma. The tetrasaccharide 6'-sulfo-sialyl Lewisx has been identified as a specific Siglec-8 ligand in glycan array screening. Here, we describe an extended study enlightening the pharmacophores of 6'-sulfo-sialyl Lewisx and the successful development of a high-affinity mimetic. Retaining the neuraminic acid core, the introduction of a carbocyclic mimetic of the Gal moiety and a sulfonamide substituent in the 9-position gave a 20-fold improved binding affinity. Finally, the residence time, which usually is the Achilles tendon of carbohydrate/lectin interactions, could be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blijke S Kroezen
- Molecular Pharmacy Group Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Conti
- Molecular Pharmacy Group Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benedetta Girardi
- Molecular Pharmacy Group Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Cramer
- Molecular Pharmacy Group Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Molecular Pharmacy Group Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Said Rabbani
- Molecular Pharmacy Group Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Müller
- Molecular Pharmacy Group Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maja Kokot
- Molecular Pharmacy Group Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Luisoni
- Molecular Pharmacy Group Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ricklin
- Molecular Pharmacy Group Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schwardt
- Molecular Pharmacy Group Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat Ernst
- Molecular Pharmacy Group Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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33
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Li PJ, Anwar MT, Fan CY, Juang DS, Lin HY, Chang TC, Kawade SK, Chen HJ, Chen YJ, Tan KT, Lin CC. Fluorescence "Turn-on" Lectin Sensors Fabricated by Ligand-Assisted Labeling Probes for Detecting Protein-Glycoprotein Interactions. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:815-824. [PMID: 31891486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is often very challenging and yields complex and unclear results. Lectin-glycoprotein interactions are especially difficult to study due to the noncovalent nature of the interactions and inherently low binding affinities of proteins to glycan ligands on glycoproteins. Here, we report a "ligand-directed labeling probe (LLP)"-based approach to fabricate protein probes for elucidating protein-glycoprotein interactions. LLP was designed with dual photoactivatable groups for the introduction of an alkyne handle proximal to the carbohydrate-binding pocket of lectins, Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA120) and recombinant human Siglec-2-Fc. In proof-of-principle studies, alkynylated lectins were conjugated with a photoreactive diazirine cross-linker and an environment-sensitive fluorophore, respectively, by the bioorthogonal click reaction. The modified RCA120 or Siglec-2-Fc was used for detecting the interaction with the target glycoprotein in the solution or endogenously expressed glycoproteins on live HeLa cells. We anticipate that the fabrication of these protein probes will accelerate the discovery of novel PPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jhen Li
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Mohammad Tarigue Anwar
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yo Fan
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Duane S Juang
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Lin
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Che Chang
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Sachin Kisan Kawade
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Jung Chen
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529 , Taiwan
| | - Kui-Thong Tan
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , 101 Section 2, Kuang Fu Road , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 80708 , Taiwan
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34
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Enterina JR, Jung J, Macauley MS. Coordinated roles for glycans in regulating the inhibitory function of CD22 on B cells. Biomed J 2019; 42:218-232. [PMID: 31627864 PMCID: PMC6818156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CD22 is an inhibitory B cell co-receptor that recognizes sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates as ligands. Interactions with its glycan ligands are key to regulating the ability of CD22 to modulate B cell function, the most widely explored of which is antagonizing B cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Most importantly, interactions of CD22 with ligands on the same cell (cis) control the organization of CD22 on the cell surface, which minimizes co-localization with the BCR. In contrast with the modest ability of CD22 to intrinsically dampen BCR signaling, glycan ligands presented on another cell (trans) along with an antigen drawn CD22 and the BCR together within an immunological synapse, strongly inhibiting BCR signaling. New concepts are emerging for how CD22 controls B cell function, such as changes in glycosylation at different stages of B cell differentiation, specifically on GC B cells. Related to these changes, new players, such galectin-9, have been discovered that regulate cell surface nanoclusters of CD22. Roles of glycan ligands in controlling CD22 are the primary focus of this review as we highlight the ability of CD22 to modulate B cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon R Enterina
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jaesoo Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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35
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Strategies for the Development of Glycomimetic Drug Candidates. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020055. [PMID: 30978966 PMCID: PMC6631974 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are a structurally-diverse group of natural products which play an important role in numerous biological processes, including immune regulation, infection, and cancer metastasis. Many diseases have been correlated with changes in the composition of cell-surface glycans, highlighting their potential as a therapeutic target. Unfortunately, native carbohydrates suffer from inherently weak binding affinities and poor pharmacokinetic properties. To enhance their usefulness as drug candidates, 'glycomimetics' have been developed: more drug-like compounds which mimic the structure and function of native carbohydrates. Approaches to improve binding affinities (e.g., deoxygenation, pre-organization) and pharmacokinetic properties (e.g., limiting metabolic degradation, improving permeability) have been highlighted in this review, accompanied by relevant examples. By utilizing these strategies, high-affinity ligands with optimized properties can be rationally designed and used to address therapies for novel carbohydrate-binding targets.
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36
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Lübbers J, Rodríguez E, van Kooyk Y. Modulation of Immune Tolerance via Siglec-Sialic Acid Interactions. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2807. [PMID: 30581432 PMCID: PMC6293876 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key features of the immune system is its extraordinary capacity to discriminate between self and non-self and to respond accordingly. Several molecular interactions allow the induction of acquired immune responses when a foreign antigen is recognized, while others regulate the resolution of inflammation, or the induction of tolerance to self-antigens. Post-translational signatures, such as glycans that are part of proteins (glycoproteins) and lipids (glycolipids) of host cells or pathogens, are increasingly appreciated as key molecules in regulating immunity vs. tolerance. Glycans are sensed by glycan binding receptors expressed on immune cells, such as C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) and Sialic acid binding immunoglobulin type lectins (Siglecs), that respond to specific glycan signatures by triggering tolerogenic or immunogenic signaling pathways. Glycan signatures present on healthy tissue, inflamed and malignant tissue or pathogens provide signals for “self” or “non-self” recognition. In this review we will focus on sialic acids that serve as “self” molecular pattern ligands for Siglecs. We will emphasize on the function of Siglec-expressing mononuclear phagocytes as sensors for sialic acids in tissue homeostasis and describe how the sialic acid-Siglec axis is exploited by tumors and pathogens for the induction of immune tolerance. Furthermore, we highlight how the sialic acid-Siglec axis can be utilized for clinical applications to induce or inhibit immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Lübbers
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ernesto Rodríguez
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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37
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Meyer SJ, Linder AT, Brandl C, Nitschke L. B Cell Siglecs-News on Signaling and Its Interplay With Ligand Binding. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2820. [PMID: 30559744 PMCID: PMC6286995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD22 and Siglec-G are members of the Siglec family. Both are inhibitory co-receptors on the surface of B cells and inhibit B-cell receptor induced signaling, characterized by inhibition of the calcium mobilization and cellular activation. CD22 functions predominantly as an inhibitor on conventional B cells, while Siglec-G is an important inhibitor on the B1a-cell subset. These two B-cell Siglecs do not only inhibit initial signaling, but also have an important function in preventing autoimmunity, as double deficient mice develop a lupus-like phenotype with age. Siglecs are characterized by their conserved ability to bind terminal sialic acid of glycans on the cell surface, which is important to regulate the inhibitory role of Siglecs. While CD22 binds α2,6-linked sialic acids, Siglec-G can bind both α2,6-linked and α2,3-linked sialic acids. Interestingly, ligand binding is differentially regulating the ability of CD22 and Siglec-G to control B-cell activation. Within the last years, quite a few studies focused on the different functions of B-cell Siglecs and the interplay of ligand binding and signal inhibition. This review summarizes the role of CD22 and Siglec-G in regulating B-cell receptor signaling, membrane distribution with the importance of ligand binding, preventing autoimmunity and the role of CD22 beyond the naïve B-cell stage. Additionally, this review article features the long time discussed interaction between CD45 and CD22 with highlighting recent data, as well as the interplay between CD22 and Galectin-9 and its influence on B-cell receptor signaling. Moreover, therapeutical approaches targeting human CD22 will be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Meyer
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra T Linder
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolin Brandl
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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38
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Lelieveldt LPWM, Kristyanto H, Pruijn GJM, Scherer HU, Toes REM, Bonger KM. Sequential Prodrug Strategy To Target and Eliminate ACPA-Selective Autoreactive B Cells. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5565-5573. [PMID: 30289723 PMCID: PMC6282105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
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Autoreactive B cells are thought
to play a pivotal role in many
autoimmune diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease
affecting ∼1% of the Western population and is hallmarked by
the presence of anticitrullinated proteins antibodies (ACPA) produced
by autoreactive B cells. We intend to develop a method to target and
selectively eliminate these autoreactive B cells using a sequential
antigen prodrug targeting strategy. As ACPA-expressing B cells are
thought to play essential roles in RA-disease pathogenesis, we used
this B cell response as a prototype to analyze the feasibility to
generate a construct consisting of a biologically silenced, that is,
blocked, antigen connected to a cytotoxic prodrug. Blocking of the
antigen is considered relevant as it is anticipated that circulating
autoantibodies will otherwise clear the antigen-prodrug before it
can reach the target cell. The antigen-prodrug can only bind to the
autoantigen-specific B cell receptor (BCR) upon enzymatic removal
of the blocking group in close proximity of the B cell surface. BCR
binding ultimately induces antigen-specific cytotoxicity after internalization
of the antigen. We have synthesized a cyclic citrullinated peptide
(CCP) antigen suitable for BCR binding and demonstrated that binding
by ACPA was impaired upon introduction of a carboxy-p-nitrobenzyl (CNBz) blocking group at the side chain of the citrulline
residue. Enzymatic removal of the CNBz moiety by nitroreductase fully
restored citrulline-specific recognition by both ACPA and ACPA-expressing
B cells and showed targeted cell death of CCP-recognizing B cells
only. These results mark an important step toward antigen-specific
B cell targeting in general and more specifically in RA, as successful
blocking and activation of citrullinated antigens forms the basis
for subsequent use of such construct as a prodrug in the context of
autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne P W M Lelieveldt
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials , Radboud University Nijmegen 6525 AJ , The Netherlands
| | - Hendy Kristyanto
- Department of Rheumatology , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Ger J M Pruijn
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials , Radboud University Nijmegen 6525 AJ , The Netherlands
| | - Hans Ulrich Scherer
- Department of Rheumatology , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly M Bonger
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials , Radboud University Nijmegen 6525 AJ , The Netherlands
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39
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Clark EA, Giltiay NV. CD22: A Regulator of Innate and Adaptive B Cell Responses and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2235. [PMID: 30323814 PMCID: PMC6173129 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD22 (Siglec 2) is a receptor predominantly restricted to B cells. It was initially characterized over 30 years ago and named “CD22” in 1984 at the 2nd International workshop in Boston (1). Several excellent reviews have detailed CD22 functions, CD22-regulated signaling pathways and B cell subsets regulated by CD22 or Siglec G (2–4). This review is an attempt to highlight recent and possibly forgotten findings. We also describe the role of CD22 in autoimmunity and the great potential for CD22-based immunotherapeutics for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Clark
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Natalia V Giltiay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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40
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Seidi F, Jenjob R, Phakkeeree T, Crespy D. Saccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides nanoparticles for biomedical applications. J Control Release 2018; 284:188-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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41
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The Glycoscience of Immunity. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:523-535. [PMID: 29759949 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, or glycans, are as integral to biology as nucleic acids and proteins. In immunology, glycans are well known to drive diverse functions ranging from glycosaminoglycan-mediated chemokine presentation and selectin-dependent leukocyte trafficking to the discrimination of self and non-self through the recognition of sialic acids by Siglec (sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin) receptors. In recent years, a number of key immunological discoveries are driving a renewed and burgeoning appreciation for the importance of glycans. In this review, we highlight these findings which collectively help to define and refine our knowledge of the function and impact of glycans within the immune response.
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42
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Matsubara N, Imamura A, Yonemizu T, Akatsu C, Yang H, Ueki A, Watanabe N, Abdu-Allah H, Numoto N, Takematsu H, Kitazume S, Tedder TF, Marth JD, Ito N, Ando H, Ishida H, Kiso M, Tsubata T. CD22-Binding Synthetic Sialosides Regulate B Lymphocyte Proliferation Through CD22 Ligand-Dependent and Independent Pathways, and Enhance Antibody Production in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:820. [PMID: 29725338 PMCID: PMC5917077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are expressed in various immune cells and most of them carry signaling functions. High-affinity synthetic sialoside ligands have been developed for various Siglecs. Therapeutic potentials of the nanoparticles and compounds that contain multiple numbers of these sialosides and other reagents such as toxins and antigens have been demonstrated. However, whether immune responses can be regulated by monomeric sialoside ligands has not yet been known. CD22 (also known as Siglec-2) is an inhibitory molecule preferentially expressed in B lymphocytes (B cells) and is constitutively bound and functionally regulated by α2,6 sialic acids expressed on the same cell (cis-ligands). Here, we developed synthetic sialosides GSC718 and GSC839 that bind to CD22 with high affinity (IC50 ~100 nM), and inhibit ligand binding of CD22. When B cells are activated by B cell antigen receptor (BCR) ligation, both GSC718 and GSC839 downregulate proliferation of B cells, and this regulation requires both CD22 and α2,6 sialic acids. This result suggests that these sialosides regulate BCR ligation-induced B cell activation by reversing endogenous ligand-mediated regulation of CD22. By contrast, GSC718 and GSC839 augment B cell proliferation induced by TLR ligands or CD40 ligation, and this augmentation requires CD22 but not α2,6 sialic acids. Thus, these sialosides appear to enhance B cell activation by directly suppressing the inhibitory function of CD22 independently of endogenous ligand-mediated regulation. Moreover, GSC839 augments B cell proliferation that depends on both BCR ligation and CD40 ligation as is the case for in vivo B cell responses to antigens, and enhanced antibody production to the extent comparable to CpG oligonuleotides or a small amount of alum. Although these known adjuvants induce production of the inflammatory cytokines or accumulation of inflammatory cells, CD22-binding sialosides do not. Thus, synthetic sialosides that bind to CD22 with high-affinity modulate B cell activation through endogenous ligand-dependent and independent pathways, and carry an adjuvant activity without inducing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Matsubara
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Imamura
- Department of Applied Bio-Organic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yonemizu
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chizuru Akatsu
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hongrui Yang
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiharu Ueki
- Department of Applied Bio-Organic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Natsuki Watanabe
- Department of Applied Bio-Organic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hajjaj Abdu-Allah
- Department of Applied Bio-Organic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Numoto
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Takematsu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Thomas F Tedder
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jamey D Marth
- Center for Nanomedicine, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Nobutoshi Ito
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideharu Ishida
- Department of Applied Bio-Organic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Makoto Kiso
- Department of Applied Bio-Organic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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43
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Roy S, Axup JY, Forsyth JS, Goswami RK, Hutchins BM, Bajuri KM, Kazane SA, Smider VV, Felding BH, Sinha SC. SMI-Ribosome inactivating protein conjugates selectively inhibit tumor cell growth. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:4234-4237. [PMID: 28357420 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00745k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell-targeting conjugates of Saporin 6, a ribosome inactivating protein (RIP), were prepared using the Saporin Ala 157 Cys mutant, a small molecule inhibitor (SMI) of integrins αvβ3/αvβ5, and a potent cytotoxin, auristatin F (AF). The conjugates selectively and potently inhibited proliferation of tumor cells expressing the target integrins. We anticipate that the small molecule-RIP bioconjugate approach can be broadly applied using other small molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Roy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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44
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Peng W, Paulson JC. CD22 Ligands on a Natural N-Glycan Scaffold Efficiently Deliver Toxins to B-Lymphoma Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:12450-12458. [PMID: 28829594 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CD22 is a sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec) that is highly expressed on B-cells and B cell lymphomas, and is a validated target for antibody and nanoparticle based therapeutics. However, cell targeted therapeutics are limited by their complexity, heterogeneity, and difficulties in production. We describe here a chemically defined natural N-linked glycan scaffold that displays high affinity CD22 glycan ligands and outcompetes the natural ligand for the receptor, resulting in single molecule binding to CD22 and endocytosis into cells. Binding affinity is increased by up to 1500-fold compared to the monovalent ligand, while maintaining the selectivity for hCD22 over other Siglecs. Conjugates of these multivalent ligands with auristatin and saporin toxins are efficiently internalized via hCD22 resulting in killing of B-cell lymphoma cells. This single molecule ligand targeting strategy represents an alternative to antibody- and nanoparticle-mediated approaches for delivery of agents to cells expressing CD22 and other Siglecs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Peng
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - James C Paulson
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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45
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Leveraging Siglec-8 endocytic mechanisms to kill human eosinophils and malignant mast cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:1774-1785.e7. [PMID: 28734845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-8 is a cell-surface protein expressed selectively on human eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils, making it an ideal target for the treatment of diseases involving these cell types. However, the effective delivery of therapeutic agents to these cells requires an understanding of the dynamics of Siglec-8 surface expression. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether Siglec-8 is endocytosed in human eosinophils and malignant mast cells, identify mechanisms underlying its endocytosis, and demonstrate whether a toxin can be targeted to Siglec-8-bearing cells to kill these cells. METHODS Siglec-8 surface dynamics were examined by flow cytometry using peripheral blood eosinophils, mast cell lines, and Siglec-8-transduced cells in the presence of inhibitors targeting components of endocytic pathways. Siglec-8 intracellular trafficking was followed by confocal microscopy. The ribosome-inhibiting protein saporin was conjugated to a Siglec-8-specific antibody to examine the targeting of an agent to these cells through Siglec-8 endocytosis. RESULTS Siglec-8 endocytosis required actin rearrangement, tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C activities, and both clathrin and lipid rafts. Internalized Siglec-8 localized to the lysosomal compartment. Maximal endocytosis in Siglec-8-transduced HEK293T cells required an intact immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif. Siglec-8 was also shuttled to the surface via a distinct pathway. Sialidase treatment of eosinophils revealed that Siglec-8 is partially masked by sialylated cis ligands. Targeting saporin to Siglec-8 consistently caused extensive cell death in eosinophils and the human mast cell leukemia cell line HMC-1.2. CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic payloads can be targeted selectively to eosinophils and malignant mast cells by exploiting this Siglec-8 endocytic pathway.
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46
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Prescher H, Schweizer A, Kuhfeldt E, Nitschke L, Brossmer R. New Human CD22/Siglec-2 Ligands with a Triazole Glycoside. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1216-1225. [PMID: 28374962 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CD22 is a member of the Siglec family. Considerable attention has been drawn to the design and synthesis of new Siglec ligands to explore target biology and innovative therapies. In particular, CD22-ligand-targeted nanoparticles with therapeutic functions have proved successful in preclinical settings for blood cancers, autoimmune diseases, and tolerance induction. Here we report the design, synthesis and affinity evaluation of a new class of Siglec ligands: namely sialic acid derivatives with a triazole moiety replacing the natural glycoside oxygen atom. In addition, we describe important and surprising differences in binding to CD22 expressed at the cell surface for compounds with distinct valences. The new class of compounds might serve as a template for the design of ligands for other members of the Siglec family and next-generation CD22-ligand-based targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Astrid Schweizer
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Lars Nitschke
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Brossmer
- Biochemistry Center, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,G3-BioTec, 69207, Sandhausen, Germany
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47
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Mikulak J, Di Vito C, Zaghi E, Mavilio D. Host Immune Responses in HIV-1 Infection: The Emerging Pathogenic Role of Siglecs and Their Clinical Correlates. Front Immunol 2017; 8:314. [PMID: 28386256 PMCID: PMC5362603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the mechanisms employed by HIV-1 to escape immune responses still represents one of the major tasks required for the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting a disease still lacking a definitive cure. Host innate immune responses against HIV-1 are key in the early phases of the infection as they could prevent the development and the establishment of two hallmarks of the infection: chronic inflammation and viral reservoirs. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) belong to a family of transmembrane proteins able to dampen host immune responses and set appropriate immune activation thresholds upon ligation with their natural ligands, the sialylated carbohydrates. This immune-modulatory function is also targeted by many pathogens that have evolved to express sialic acids on their surface in order to escape host immune responses. HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120) is extensively covered by carbohydrates playing active roles in life cycle of the virus. Indeed, besides forming a protecting shield from antibody recognition, this coat of N-linked glycans interferes with the folding of viral glycoproteins and enhances virus infectivity. In particular, the sialic acid residues present on gp120 can bind Siglec-7 on natural killer and monocytes/macrophages and Siglec-1 on monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells. The interactions between these two members of the Siglec family and the sialylated glycans present on HIV-1 envelope either induce or increase HIV-1 entry in conventional and unconventional target cells, thus contributing to viral dissemination and disease progression. In this review, we address the impact of Siglecs in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and discuss how they could be employed as clinic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mikulak
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, UOS di Milano, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (UOS/IRGB/CNR), Rozzano, Italy
| | - Clara Di Vito
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano , Italy
| | - Elisa Zaghi
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano , Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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48
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Zaric SS, Lappin MJ, Fulton CR, Lundy FT, Coulter WA, Irwin CR. Sialylation of Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS and its effect on bacterial-host interactions. Innate Immun 2017; 23:319-326. [PMID: 28205451 DOI: 10.1177/1753425917694245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis produces different LPS isoforms with significant structural variations of their lipid A and O-antigen moieties that can affect its pro-inflammatory and bone-resorbing potential. We show here, for the first time, that P. gingivalis LPS isolated from W83 strain is highly sialylated and possesses significantly reduced inflammatory potential compared with less sialylated ATCC 33277 strain LPS. Nevertheless, the reduction in the endotoxin activity is not mediated by the presence of sialic acid LPS moieties as the sialic acid-free LPS produced by the mutant W83 strain exhibits a similar inflammatory potential to the wild type strain. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the interaction between the sialic acid LPS moieties and the inhibitory CD33 receptor is prevented by endogenously expressed sialic acid on the surface of THP-1 cells that cannot be out-competed by sialic acid containing P. gingivalis LPS. The present study also highlights the importance of endogenous sialic acid as a 'self-associated molecular pattern' and CD33 receptors in modulation of innate immune response as human gingival fibroblasts, which do not express CD33 receptors, and desialylated THP-1 cells have both been found to have much higher spontaneous IL-8 production than naïve THP-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetislav S Zaric
- 1 Plymouth University, Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK
| | - Mark J Lappin
- 2 Queen's University Belfast, Centre for Dentistry, Belfast, UK
| | - Catherine R Fulton
- 3 Queen's University Belfast, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Belfast, UK
| | - Fionnuala T Lundy
- 3 Queen's University Belfast, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Belfast, UK
| | - Wilson A Coulter
- 4 University of Ulster, School of Biomedical Science, Coleraine, UK
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Abstract
An important underlying mechanism that contributes to autoimmunity is the loss of inhibitory signaling in the immune system. Sialic acid-recognizing Ig superfamily lectins or Siglecs are a family of cell surface proteins largely expressed in hematopoietic cells. The majority of Siglecs are inhibitory receptors expressed in immune cells that bind to sialic acid-containing ligands and recruit SH2-domain-containing tyrosine phosphatases to their cytoplasmic tails. They deliver inhibitory signals that can contribute to the constraining of immune cells, and thus protect the host from autoimmunity. The inhibitory functions of CD22/Siglec-2 and Siglec-G and their contributions to tolerance and autoimmunity, primarily in the B lymphocyte context, are considered in some detail in this review. The relevance to autoimmunity and unregulated inflammation of modified sialic acids, enzymes that modify sialic acid, and other sialic acid-binding proteins are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay S Mahajan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Deaprtment of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shiv Pillai
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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50
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St-Pierre G, Pal S, Østergaard ME, Zhou T, Yu J, Tanowitz M, Seth PP, Hanessian S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of sialyl-oligonucleotide conjugates targeting leukocyte B trans-membranal receptor CD22 as delivery agents for nucleic acid drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2397-2409. [PMID: 27117693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) modified with ligands which target cell surface receptors have the potential to significantly improve potency in the target tissue. This has recently been demonstrated using triantennary N-acetyl d-galactosamine conjugated ASOs. CD22 is a cell surface receptor expressed exclusively on B cells thus presenting an attractive target for B cell specific delivery of drugs. Herein, we reported the synthesis of monovalent and trivalent ASO conjugates with biphenylcarbonyl (BPC) modified sialic acids and their study as ASO delivery agents into B cells. CD22 positive cells exhibited reduced potency when treated with ligand modified ASOs and mechanistic examination suggested reduced uptake into cells potentially as a result of sequestration of ASO by other cell-surface proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle St-Pierre
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Succ., Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sudip Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Succ., Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michael E Østergaard
- Medicinal Chemistry, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, United States
| | - Tianyuan Zhou
- Medicinal Chemistry, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, United States
| | - Jinghua Yu
- Medicinal Chemistry, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, United States
| | - Michael Tanowitz
- Medicinal Chemistry, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, United States
| | - Punit P Seth
- Medicinal Chemistry, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, United States.
| | - Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Succ., Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
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