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Yi M, Li T, Niu M, Zhang H, Wu Y, Wu K, Dai Z. Targeting cytokine and chemokine signaling pathways for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:176. [PMID: 39034318 PMCID: PMC11275440 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are critical in regulating immune responses and cellular behavior, playing dual roles in both normal physiology and the pathology of diseases such as cancer. These molecules, including interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factors, chemokines, and growth factors like TGF-β, VEGF, and EGF, can promote or inhibit tumor growth, influence the tumor microenvironment, and impact the efficacy of cancer treatments. Recent advances in targeting these pathways have shown promising therapeutic potential, offering new strategies to modulate the immune system, inhibit tumor progression, and overcome resistance to conventional therapies. In this review, we summarized the current understanding and therapeutic implications of targeting cytokine and chemokine signaling pathways in cancer. By exploring the roles of these molecules in tumor biology and the immune response, we highlighted the development of novel therapeutic agents aimed at modulating these pathways to combat cancer. The review elaborated on the dual nature of cytokines as both promoters and suppressors of tumorigenesis, depending on the context, and discussed the challenges and opportunities this presents for therapeutic intervention. We also examined the latest advancements in targeted therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, receptor inhibitors, fusion proteins, engineered cytokine variants, and their impact on tumor growth, metastasis, and the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, we evaluated the potential of combining these targeted therapies with other treatment modalities to overcome resistance and improve patient outcomes. Besides, we also focused on the ongoing research and clinical trials that are pivotal in advancing our understanding and application of cytokine- and chemokine-targeted therapies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yi
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianye Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengke Niu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoxiang Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuze Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China.
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Lahera A, Vela-Martín L, Fernández-Navarro P, Llamas P, López-Lorenzo JL, Cornago J, Santos J, Fernández-Piqueras J, Villa-Morales M. PIM1 is a potential therapeutic target for the leukemogenic effects mediated by JAK/STAT pathway mutations in T-ALL/LBL. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:152. [PMID: 39033228 PMCID: PMC11271448 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Precursor T-cell neoplasms (T-ALL/LBL) are aggressive hematological malignancies that arise from the malignant transformation of immature thymocytes. Despite the JAK/STAT pathway is recurrently altered in these neoplasms, there are not pharmacological inhibitors officially approved for the treatment of T-ALL/LBL patients that present oncogenic JAK/STAT pathway mutations. In the effort to identify potential therapeutic targets for those patients, we followed an alternative approach and focused on their transcriptional profile. We combined the analysis of molecular data from T-ALL/LBL patients with the generation of hematopoietic cellular models to reveal that JAK/STAT pathway mutations are associated with an aberrant transcriptional profile. Specifically, we demonstrate that JAK/STAT pathway mutations induce the overexpression of the PIM1 gene. Moreover, we show that the pan-PIM inhibitor, PIM447, significantly reduces the leukemogenesis, as well as the aberrant activation of c-MYC and mTOR pathways in cells expressing different JAK/STAT pathway mutations, becoming a potential therapeutic opportunity for a relevant subset of T-ALL/LBL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lahera
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
- Department of Genome dynamics and function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, 28049, Spain.
- Area of Genetics and Genomics, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Laura Vela-Martín
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Department of Genome dynamics and function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Area of Genetics and Genomics, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Pablo Fernández-Navarro
- Unit of Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology, Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Pilar Llamas
- Division of Hematology and Hemotherapy, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - José L López-Lorenzo
- Division of Hematology and Hemotherapy, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Javier Cornago
- Division of Hematology and Hemotherapy, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Javier Santos
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Department of Genome dynamics and function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Area of Genetics and Genomics, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Institute for Molecular Biology-IUBM (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - José Fernández-Piqueras
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
- Department of Genome dynamics and function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, 28049, Spain.
- Area of Genetics and Genomics, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
- Institute for Molecular Biology-IUBM (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
| | - María Villa-Morales
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
- Department of Genome dynamics and function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, 28049, Spain.
- Area of Genetics and Genomics, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
- Institute for Molecular Biology-IUBM (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
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Luo S, Guo L, Chen N, Guo Q, Xie Y, Wang Y, Wang E. CRY2 mediates the cognitive decline induced by sleep deprivation in 5xFAD mice. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306930. [PMID: 39012854 PMCID: PMC11251589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptochrome-2 (CRY2) is a core rhythm gene that plays a crucial role in DNA damage repair. The present study investigated the potential role of CRY2 in mediating sleep deprivation-induced cognitive decline in 5xFAD mice. METHODS To assess the effects of SD on different brain regions of the mouse brain, we used 18F FDG PET-CT. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze test and Y-maze. Lentivirus was used for the overexpression of CRY2, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used for the downregulation of CRY2 to verify the effect of CRY2. We used qRT‒PCR and Western blotting to identify the downstream factors of CRY2 and evaluated the cognitive function of mice to confirm the effects of these factors. RESULTS The AD mice exhibited cognitive decline after 21 days of SD and had higher expression of CRY2 compared to AD mice with normal sleep. Overexpression of CRY2 led to decreased cognitive function in AD mice, and the downregulation of CRY2 attenuated the SD-induced cognitive decline in AD mice. CRY2 reduced the expression and function of CISH, which reduced the inhibition of STAT1 phosphorylation and led to synaptic dysfunction. CISH overexpression attenuated the impairing effect of sleep deprivation on cognitive function in AD mice. Furthermore, 18F FDG PET-CT revealed that SD significantly reduced glucose metabolism in different brain regions of AD mice. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that sleep deprivation upregulated CRY2 in the hippocampus of AD mice, which resulted in synaptic dysfunction by decreasing CISH-mediated STAT1 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lizhe Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongqiu Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunjiao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - E. Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, China
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Wang Y, Lai W, Zheng X, Li K, Zhang Y, Pang X, Gao J, Lou Z. Linderae Radix extract attenuates ulcerative colitis by inhibiting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155868. [PMID: 39032278 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linderae Radix (LR), the dried root of Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm., is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been used for thousands of years for promoting Qi circulation, soothing the liver, and treating diarrhea and dysentery. Previous studies have found that ethanol extract of LR plays an anti-ulcerative colitis (UC) role by regulating Th17/ Treg balance. Water extract is the classic clinical application form of LR, but the effect of water extract of LR (LRWE) on UC and its underlying mechanism is still unclear. PURPOSE Purpose: UC is a gastrointestinal disease characterized by intestinal inflammation, mucosal injury, and fibrosis, and it is one of the high-risk factors for colon cancer. However, there is still a lack of remedies with satisfactory effects. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and the potential mechanism of LRWE against UC. METHODS LRWE samples were prepared using a reflux extraction method. Colitis in mice was induced by administering 2.5 % DSS water solution to evaluate the therapeutic effect of LRWE by assessing disease activity score, colon length, and fecal morphology. H&E staining, TEM, Masson staining, and AB-PAS staining were applied to observe histopathological changes in the colon tissues. Differentially expressed genes in colon tissues were analyzed by transcriptomics. Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. The expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and IL-1β, as well as the expression of p-STAT1, p-JAK2, p-STAT3, Bax, and Bcl-2, were detected by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. The expression of occludin, Bcl-2, Bax, and JAK/STAT signaling pathway-related vital proteins were quantified by Western blot (WB). RESULTS LRWE alleviated body weight loss, colon shortening, DAI scores, pathological changes, and ultrastructural features of colon tissue in mice with colitis. It also inhibited the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and increased IL-10 levels. Additionally, it protected the intestinal barrier by upregulating the expression of Occludin and Mucin-2. Mechanistically, LRWE could inhibit the activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway by reducing the protein expression of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, p-STAT1, Bcl2, and Bax, thus reducing the inflammatory responses and inhibiting cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION LRWE has a protective effect on DSS-induced UC. This effect is related to the inhibition of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, the improvement of intestinal inflammation, and the reduction of intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Weizhi Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Xunjie Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Ke Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Pang
- Gastroenterology Department, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, Taizhou 317200, PR China
| | - Jianli Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, PR China.
| | - Zhaohuan Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310053, PR China; Songyang Institute of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Lishui 323400, PR China.
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Shi Y, Gu J, Zhang C, Mi R, Ke Z, Xie M, Jin W, Shao C, He Y, Shi J, Xie Z. A Janus Microsphere Delivery System Orchestrates Immunomodulation and Osteoinduction by Fine-tuning Release Profiles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403835. [PMID: 38984921 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a well-orchestrated process synergistically involving inflammation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. Therefore, an effective bone graft should be designed to target multiple molecular events and biological demands during the bone healing process. In this study, a biodegradable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based Janus microsphere delivery system containing calcium phosphate oligomer (CPO) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is developed based on natural biological events. The exceptional adjustability of GelMA facilitates the controlled release and on-demand application of biomolecules, and optimized delivery profiles of CPO and BMP-2 are explored. The sustained release of CPO during the initial healing stages contributes to early immunomodulation and promotes mineralization in the late stage. Meanwhile, the administration of BMP-2 at a relatively high concentration within the therapeutic range enhances the osteoinductive property. This delivery system, with fine-tuned release patterns, induces M2 macrophage polarization and creates a conducive immuno-microenvironment, which in turn facilitates effective bone regeneration in vivo. Collectively, this study proposes a bottom-up concept, aiming to develop a user-friendly and easily controlled delivery system targeting individual biological events, which may offer a new perspective on developing function-optimized biomaterials for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jingyi Gu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Rui Mi
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Zhiwei Ke
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Mingjun Xie
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wenjing Jin
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Changyu Shao
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University and State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jue Shi
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Zhijian Xie
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
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Qin Q, Liu R, Li Z, Liu M, Wu X, Wang H, Yang S, Sun X, Yi X. Resolving candidate genes of duck ovarian tissue transplantation via RNA-Seq and expression network analyses. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103788. [PMID: 38692177 PMCID: PMC11070914 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify candidate genes related to ovarian development after ovarian tissue transplantation through transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and expression network analyses, as well as to provide a reference for determining the molecular mechanism of improving ovarian development following ovarian tissue transplantation. We collected ovarian tissues from 15 thirty-day-old ducks and split each ovary into 4 equal portions of comparable sizes before orthotopically transplanting them into 2-day-old ducks. Samples were collected on days 0 (untransplanted), 3, 6, and 9. The samples were paraffin sectioned and then subjected to Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining and follicular counting. We extracted RNA from ovarian samples via the Trizol method to construct a transcriptome library, which was then sequenced by the Illumina Novaseq 6000 sequencing platform. The sequencing results were examined for differentially expressed genes (DEG) through gene ontology (GO) function and the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Some of the candidate genes were selected for verification using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Histological analysis revealed a significant reduction in the number of morphologically normal follicles at 3, 6, and 9 d after ovarian transplantation, along with significantly higher abnormality rates (P < 0.05). The transcriptome analysis results revealed 2,114, 2,224, and 2,257 upregulated DEGs and 2,647, 2,883, and 2,665 downregulated DEGs at 3, 6, and 9 d after ovarian transplantation, respectively. Enrichment analysis revealed the involvement multiple pathways in inflammatory signaling, signal transduction, and cellular processes. Furthermore, WGCNA yielded 13 modules, with 10, 4, and 6 candidate genes mined at 3, 6 and 9 d after ovarian transplantation, respectively. Transcription factor (TF) prediction showed that STAT1 was the most important TF. Finally, the qRT-PCR verification results revealed that 12 candidate genes exhibited an expression trend consistent with sequencing data. In summary, significant differences were observed in the number of follicles in duck ovaries following ovarian transplantation. Candidate genes involved in ovarian vascular remodeling and proliferation were screened using RNA-Seq and WGCNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingming Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan Province, 464000, P. R. China
| | - Rongxu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan Province, 464000, P. R. China
| | - Zhili Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan Province, 464000, P. R. China
| | - Midi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan Province, 464000, P. R. China
| | - Xian Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan Province, 464000, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan Province, 464000, P. R. China
| | - Shuailiang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan Province, 464000, P. R. China
| | - Xuyang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan Province, 464000, P. R. China
| | - Xianguo Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan Province, 464000, P. R. China.
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Sinclair R, Law EH, Zhang X, Zhang F, Napatalung L, Zwillich SH, King B, Mesinkovska N. Patient-Reported Satisfaction with Hair Regrowth in a Study of Ritlecitinib in Alopecia Areata: Results from ALLEGRO-2b/3. Dermatology 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38934147 DOI: 10.1159/000539536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with alopecia areata (AA) report high levels of dissatisfaction with commonly used treatments. Patient-reported outcomes are essential to understanding patients' experiences with AA treatments. The objective of this study was to evaluate patient-reported satisfaction with hair growth among patients with AA receiving ritlecitinib or placebo and the correlation between clinician-assessed efficacy and patient-reported satisfaction. METHODS In the ALLEGRO-2b/3 (NCT03732807) trial, patients with AA and ≥50% scalp hair loss were randomized to daily ritlecitinib or placebo for 24 weeks, with a 24-week extension of continued ritlecitinib or switch from placebo to ritlecitinib. The Patient Satisfaction with Hair Growth (P-Sat) measure evaluated patients' satisfaction with hair growth in 3 domains: amount, quality, and overall satisfaction with hair growth. The prespecified analysis evaluated the proportion of patients who were slightly, moderately, or very satisfied with hair growth. Several post hoc analyses assessed the proportion of patients who were moderately/very satisfied and moderately/very dissatisfied and calculated polyserial correlations between change from baseline (CFB) in Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) and P-Sat scores at weeks 24 and 48. RESULTS At week 24, the proportion of patients (N = 718) reporting satisfaction (slightly, moderately, or very satisfied) overall with their hair growth ranged from 36.4% in the ritlecitinib 10-mg group (evaluated for dose ranging only) to 67.5% in the 200/50-mg group versus 22.6% in the placebo groups. In patients randomized to ritlecitinib, the proportion who were satisfied increased or was maintained at week 48. A substantially greater proportion of placebo patients who switched to ritlecitinib reported satisfaction at week 48 than at week 24. Similar results were observed for patient satisfaction with the amount and quality of hair growth. In the post hoc analyses defining satisfaction as moderately/very satisfied and dissatisfaction as moderately/very dissatisfied, the benefit of ritlecitinib was also observed. All P-Sat domain scores strongly correlated with CFB-SALT scores at weeks 24 (range 0.73-0.76; p < 0.05) and 48 (0.74-0.77; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients receiving active ritlecitinib doses reported favorable results versus placebo in satisfaction with hair growth up to week 48. High concordance was observed between improvement in scalp hair growth evaluated by clinicians and patient-reported satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xingqi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lynne Napatalung
- Pfizer Inc., New York, New York, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Brett King
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Natasha Mesinkovska
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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Deng F, Han X, Ji Y, Jin Y, Shao Y, Zhang J, Ning C. Distinct mechanisms of iron and zinc metal ions on osteo-immunomodulation of silicocarnotite bioceramics. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101086. [PMID: 38765245 PMCID: PMC11098954 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory of implants have drawn more and more attention these years. However, the immunomodulatory of different elements on the same biomaterials have been rarely investigated. In this work, two widely used biosafety elements, iron and zinc added silicocarnotite (Ca5(PO4)2SiO4, CPS) were applied to explore the routine of elements on immune response. The immune reactions over time of Fe-CPS and Zn-CPS were explored at genetic level and protein level, and the effects of their immune microenvironment with different time points on osteogenesis were also investigated in depth. The results confirmed that both Fe-CPS and Zn-CPS had favorable ability to secret anti-inflammatory cytokines. The immune microenvironment of Fe-CPS and Zn-CPS also could accelerate osteogenesis and osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. In terms of mechanism, RNA-seq analysis and Western-blot experiment revealed that PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and JAK-STAT signaling pathways were activated of Fe-CPS to promote macrophage polarization from M1 to M2, and its immune microenvironment induced osteogenic differentiation through the activation of Hippo signaling pathway. In comparison, Zn-CPS inhibited polarization of M1 macrophage via the up-regulation of Rap1 signaling pathway and complement and coagulation cascade pathway, while its osteogenic differentiation related pathway of immune environment was NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyan Deng
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianzhuo Han
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Yingqi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Ying Jin
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Shao
- SHNU-YAPENG Joint Lab of Tissue Repair Materials, Shanghai Yapeng Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingju Zhang
- Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Orthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Congqin Ning
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Biomimetic Catalysis and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Lee SG, Woo SM, Seo SU, Lee HS, Kim SH, Chang YC, Cho HJ, Yook S, Nam JO, Kwon TK. Non-canonical deubiquitination of OTUB1 induces IFNγ-mediated cell cycle arrest via regulation of p27 stability. Oncogene 2024; 43:1852-1860. [PMID: 38664499 PMCID: PMC11164677 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03042-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The deubiquitinase OTUB1, implicated as a potential oncogene in various tumors, lacks clarity in its regulatory mechanism in tumor progression. Our study investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of OTUB1 on the breast cancer cell cycle and proliferation in IFNγ stimulation. Loss of OTUB1 abrogated IFNγ-induced cell cycle arrest by regulating p27 protein expression, whereas OTUB1 overexpression significantly enhanced p27 expression even without IFNγ treatment. Tyr26 phosphorylation residue of OTUB1 directly bound to p27, modulating its post-translational expression. Furthermore, we identified crucial lysine residues (K134, K153, and K163) for p27 ubiquitination. Src downregulation reduced OTUB1 and p27 expression, suggesting that IFNγ-induced cell cycle arrest is mediated by the Src-OTUB1-p27 signaling pathway. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of OTUB1 in IFNγ-induced p27 expression and cell cycle arrest, offering therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Gi Lee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Seon Min Woo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Seung Un Seo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Hyun Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Young-Chae Chang
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, 42472, South Korea
| | - Hyo Je Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Simmyung Yook
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Ju-Ock Nam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea.
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea.
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10
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Nayeri T, Sarvi S, Daryani A. Effective factors in the pathogenesis of Toxoplasmagondii. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31558. [PMID: 38818168 PMCID: PMC11137575 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a cosmopolitan protozoan parasite in humans and animals. It infects about 30 % of the human population worldwide and causes potentially fatal diseases in immunocompromised hosts and neonates. For this study, five English-language databases (ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) and the internet search engine Google Scholar were searched. This review was accomplished to draw a global perspective of what is known about the pathogenesis of T. gondii and various factors affecting it. Virulence and immune responses can influence the mechanisms of parasite pathogenesis and these factors are in turn influenced by other factors. In addition to the host's genetic background, the type of Toxoplasma strain, the routes of transmission of infection, the number of passages, and different phases of parasite life affect virulence. The identification of virulence factors of the parasite could provide promising insights into the pathogenesis of this parasite. The results of this study can be an incentive to conduct more intensive research to design and develop new anti-Toxoplasma agents (drugs and vaccines) to treat or prevent this infection. In addition, further studies are needed to better understand the key agents in the pathogenesis of T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooran Nayeri
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shahabeddin Sarvi
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmad Daryani
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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11
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Wrońska AK, Kaczmarek A, Sobich J, Boguś MI. The effect of infection with the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus (Entomopthorales) on eighteen cytokine-like proteins in Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera) larvae. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385863. [PMID: 38774871 PMCID: PMC11106378 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In response to the replace mammal research models with insects in preliminary immunological studies, interest has grown in invertebrate defense systems. The immunological response is regulated by cytokines; however, while their role in mammals is well understood, little is known of their function in insects. A suitable target for studies into insect immunology is Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera), the wax moth: a common host for human fungal and bacterial pathogens. G. mellonella is also a perfect subject for studies into the presence of cytokine-like proteins. Specific objectives The main goal of present research was detection in insect immunocompetent cells the 18 mammalian cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-19, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TNF-β, GM-CSF, M-CSF, G-CSF), which play important role in immunological response and indication how their level change after fungal infection. Methodology The changes of cytokine-like proteins level were detected in hemocytes taken from G. mellonella larvae infected with entomopathogenic fungus, C. coronatus. The presence of cytokine-proteins was confirmed with using fluorescence microscopy (in cultured hemocytes) and flow cytometry (in freshly collected hemolymph). The ELISA test was used to detect changes in concentration of examined cytokine-like proteins. Results Our findings indicated the presence of eighteen cytokine-like molecules in G. mellonella hemocytes during infection with C. coronatus. The hemocytes taken from infected larvae demonstrated higher fluorescence intensity for six cytokine-like proteins (GM-CSF, M-CSF, IL-3, IL-15, IL-1β and IL-19) compared to untreated controls. ELISA test indicated significantly higher IL-3 and IL-15. M-CSF, IL-1α and IL-19 concentration in the hemolymph after fungal infection, and significantly lower TNF-β and G-CSF. Conclusions Our findings confirm that the selected cytokine-like molecules are present in insect hemocytes and that their concentrations change after fungal infection, which might suggest that they play a role in the anti-fungal immunological response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Kaczmarek
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Sobich
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
- Dioscuri Centre for RNA-Protein Interactions in Human Health and Disease, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Badii M, Klück V, Gaal O, Cabău G, Hotea I, Nica V, Mirea AM, Bojan A, Zdrenghea M, Novakovic B, Merriman TR, Liu Z, Li Y, Xu CJ, Pamfil C, Rednic S, Popp RA, Crişan TO, Joosten LAB. Regulation of SOCS3-STAT3 in urate-induced cytokine production in human myeloid cells. Joint Bone Spine 2024; 91:105698. [PMID: 38309518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2024.105698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperuricaemia is necessary for gout. High urate concentrations have been linked to inflammation in mononuclear cells. Here, we explore the role of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) in urate-induced inflammation. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from gout patients, hyperuricemic and normouricemic individuals were cultured for 24h with varying concentrations of soluble urate, followed by 24h restimulation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS)±monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Transcriptomic profiling was performed using RNA-Sequencing. DNA methylation was assessed using Illumina Infinium® MethylationEPIC BeadChip system (EPIC array). Phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was determined by flow cytometry. Cytokine responses were also assessed in PBMCs from patients with JAK2 V617F tyrosine kinase mutation. RESULTS PBMCs pre-treated with urate produced more interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and less interleukin-1 receptor anatagonist (IL-1Ra) after LPS simulation. In vitro, urate treatment enhanced SOCS3 expression in control monocytes but no DNA methylation changes were observed at the SOCS3 gene. A dose-dependent reduction in phosphorylated STAT3 concomitant with a decrease in IL-1Ra was observed with increasing concentrations of urate. PBMCs with constitutively activated STAT3 (JAK2 V617F mutation) could not be primed by urate. CONCLUSION In vitro, urate exposure increased SOCS3 expression, while urate priming, and subsequent stimulation resulted in decreased STAT3 phosphorylation and IL-1Ra production. There was no evidence that DNA methylation constitutes a regulatory mechanism of SOCS3. Elevated SOCS3 and reduced pSTAT3 could play a role in urate-induced hyperinflammation since urate priming had no effect in PBMCs from patients with constitutively activated STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medeea Badii
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Viola Klück
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Orsolya Gaal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Georgiana Cabău
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Hotea
- Department of Rheumatology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Valentin Nica
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea M Mirea
- Department of Genetics, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, 400535 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Bojan
- Department of Haematology, The Oncology Institute, "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuță", 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihnea Zdrenghea
- Department of Haematology, The Oncology Institute, "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuță", 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, United States; Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, 9016 Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Zhaoli Liu
- Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between Hannover Medical School and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between Hannover Medical School and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Cheng-Jian Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between Hannover Medical School and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Cristina Pamfil
- Department of Rheumatology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Rednic
- Department of Rheumatology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu A Popp
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tania O Crişan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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13
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Fabilane CS, Stephenson AC, Leonard EK, VanDyke D, Spangler JB. Cytokine/Antibody Fusion Protein Design and Evaluation. Curr Protoc 2024; 4:e1061. [PMID: 38775006 PMCID: PMC11115372 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cytokines constitute a class of secreted proteins that activate transmembrane receptors to coordinate a vast array of physiological processes, particularly those related to immune activity. Due to their vital role in immune regulation, cytokines have garnered great interest as potential therapeutic agents. Unfortunately, the clinical success of cytokine drugs has been limited by their multifunctional activities, which hinder therapeutic performance and lead to harmful toxicities. In addition, the strikingly short circulation half-life of cytokines further hampers their efficacy as drugs. To overcome the translational challenges associated with natural cytokines, significant efforts have focused on engineering cytokines to target their activities and improve their pharmacological properties. One such strategy is the design of fusion proteins that tether a cytokine to an anti-cytokine antibody that selectively biases its functions and extends its serum half-life. These cytokine/antibody fusion proteins (termed immunocytokines) assemble intramolecularly to bias cytokine signaling behavior through multi-layered structural and molecular effects. Here, we present a detailed workflow for the design, production, and functional validation of intramolecularly assembled immunocytokines. In-depth procedures are presented for gene manipulation, mammalian cell-based expression and purification, binding analysis via bio-layer interferometry, and interrogation of cytokine signaling activity on human primary cells. In contrast with immunocytokines in which the tethered cytokine and antibody do not bind one another, intramolecularly assembled immunocytokines require special considerations with respect to their production to avoid oligomerization and/or aggregation. The protocol herein was developed based on experience with immunocytokines that incorporate interleukin-2 (IL-2); however, this modular approach can be extended to any cytokine of interest for a broad range of biomedical applications. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Design and generation of immunocytokine genes Basic Protocol 2: Immunocytokine expression and purification Basic Protocol 3: Validation of immunocytokine assembly and binding by bio-layer interferometry Basic Protocol 4: Analysis of immunocytokine signaling on human primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charina S. Fabilane
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A. Carson Stephenson
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elissa K. Leonard
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Derek VanDyke
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jamie B. Spangler
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Lim L, Hu MH, Fan D, Tu HF, Tsai YC, Cheng M, Wang S, Chang CL, Wu TC, Hung CF. STAT1-Deficient HPV E6/E7-Associated Cancers Maintain Host Immunocompetency against Therapeutic Intervention. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:430. [PMID: 38675812 PMCID: PMC11053987 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) remains a global health concern because it contributes to the initiation of various HPV-associated cancers such as anal, cervical, oropharyngeal, penile, vaginal, and vulvar cancer. In HPV-associated cancers, oncogenesis begins with an HPV infection, which is linked to the activation of the Janus protein tyrosine kinase (JAK)/STAT signaling pathway. Various STAT signaling pathways, such as STAT3 activation, have been well documented for their tumorigenic role, yet the role of STAT1 in tumor formation remains unclear. In the current study, STAT1-/- mice were used to investigate the role of STAT1 in the tumorigenesis of a spontaneous HPV E6/E7-expressing oral tumor model. Subsequently, our candidate HPV DNA vaccine CRT/E7 was administered to determine whether the STAT1-/- host preserves a therapeutic-responsive tumor microenvironment. The results indicated that STAT1-/- induces robust tumorigenesis, yet a controlled tumor response was attained upon CRT/E7 vaccination. Characterizing this treatment effect, immunological analysis found a higher percentage of circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells. In addition, a reduction in exhaustive lymphocyte activity was observed. Further analysis of a whole-cell tumor challenge affirmed these findings, as spontaneous tumor growth was more rapid in STAT1-/- mice. In conclusion, STAT1 deletion accelerates tumorigenesis, but STAT1-/- mice maintains immunocompetency in CRT/E7 treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lim
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Hung Hu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Darrell Fan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
| | - Hsin-Fang Tu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
| | - Ya-Chea Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
| | - Michelle Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
| | - Suyang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
| | - Chih-Long Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan;
| | - Tzyy-Choou Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA (T.-C.W.)
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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15
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Koh JY, Kim DR, Son S, Park H, Kim KR, Min S, Lee HS, Jhun BW, Kang ES, Jung I, Kang JM, Kim YJ, Shin EC. Ruxolitinib Improves Immune-Dysregulation Features but not Epigenetic Abnormality in a Patient with STAT1 GOF. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:84. [PMID: 38578320 PMCID: PMC10997693 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01687-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with STAT1 gain-of-function (GOF) mutations often exhibit autoimmune features. The JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib can be administered to alleviate autoimmune symptoms; however, it is unclear how immune cells are molecularly changed by ruxolitinib treatment. Then, we aimed to investigate the trnscriptional and epigenetic status of immune cells before and after ruxolitinib treatment in a patient with STAT1 GOF. METHODS A patient with a heterozygous STAT1 GOF variant (p.Ala267Val), exhibiting autoimmune features, was treated with ruxolitinib, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were longitudinally collected. PBMCs were transcriptionally analyzed by single-cell cellular indexing of the transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq), and epigenetically analyzed by assay of transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq). RESULTS CITE-seq analysis revealed that before treatment, the patient's PBMCs exhibited aberrantly activated inflammatory features, especially IFN-related features. In particular, monocytes showed high expression levels of a subset of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Ruxolitinib treatment substantially downregulated aberrantly overexpressed ISGs, and improved autoimmune features. However, epigenetic analysis demonstrated that genetic regions of ISGs-e.g., STAT1, IRF1, MX1, and OAS1-were highly accessible even after ruxolitinib treatment. When ruxolitinib was temporarily discontinued, the patient's autoimmune features were aggravated, which is in line with sustained epigenetic abnormality. CONCLUSIONS In a patient with STAT1 GOF, ruxolitinib treatment improved autoimmune features and downregulated aberrantly overexpressed ISGs, but did not correct epigenetic abnormality of ISGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Genome Insight, Inc., Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Ri Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Son
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanhee Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ran Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon, 51472, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Seok Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Woo Jhun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Suk Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Man Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yae-Jean Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- The Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Maleki F, Clark E, Banfield C, Byon W, Nicholas T. Population pharmacokinetic modeling of oral brepocitinib in healthy volunteers and patients with immuno-inflammatory diseases. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2024; 13:551-562. [PMID: 38332554 PMCID: PMC11015086 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis was to characterize the concentration-time profile of brepocitinib plasma concentration after single- and multiple-oral administration in healthy volunteers (HVs) and patients with immuno-inflammatory diseases. Blood samples from phase I HV and phase II clinical studies of patients with alopecia areata, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ulcerative colitis (UC), vitiligo, and hidradenitis suppurativa were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach. Effects of patients' characteristics on brepocitinib exposure were investigated. Overall, 8552 brepocitinib plasma concentrations from 775 individuals were included in the analysis. The PKs of brepocitinib were adequately described by a two-compartment model with first-order absorption and a lag time for tablet formulation, dose-dependent bioavailability, and Box-Cox transformed interindividual variabilities on apparent clearance (CL/F) and apparent central volume of distribution (Vc/F). For a typical 70-kg non-Asian female patient with baseline aspartate aminotransferase of 22 unit/liter, CL/F and Vc/F estimates were 17.5 L/h and 88.5 L, respectively. Asians had a higher exposure (independent of body weight), caused by a 10% lower CL/F when compared to other individuals. Independent of baseline body weight, the male population showed 13% higher Vc/F compared to the female population. Patients with UC were predicted to have 46% slower absorption rate compared to other individuals. The PKs of brepocitinib were well-characterized by a two-compartment model with first-order absorption and dose-dependent bioavailability. Several covariates, such as race and sex, were identified to have statistically significant, but not clinically meaningful, effects on the estimated PK parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Maleki
- Clinical Pharmacology and Bioanalytics, Worldwide Research, Development and MedicalPfizer Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Elias Clark
- Department of MathematicsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Christopher Banfield
- Clinical Pharmacology and Bioanalytics, Worldwide Research, Development and MedicalPfizer Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Timothy Nicholas
- Clinical Pharmacology and Bioanalytics, Worldwide Research, Development and MedicalPfizer IncGrotonConnecticutUSA
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17
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Ageeva T, Rizvanov A, Mukhamedshina Y. NF-κB and JAK/STAT Signaling Pathways as Crucial Regulators of Neuroinflammation and Astrocyte Modulation in Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2024; 13:581. [PMID: 38607020 PMCID: PMC11011519 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to significant functional impairments below the level of the injury, and astrocytes play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of SCI. Astrocytes undergo changes and form a glial scar after SCI, which has traditionally been viewed as a barrier to axonal regeneration and functional recovery. Astrocytes activate intracellular signaling pathways, including nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), in response to external stimuli. NF-κB and STAT3 are transcription factors that play a pivotal role in initiating gene expression related to astrogliosis. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is essential for managing secondary damage and facilitating recovery processes post-SCI: inflammation, glial scar formation, and astrocyte survival. NF-κB activation in astrocytes leads to the production of pro-inflammatory factors by astrocytes. NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways are interconnected: NF-κB activation in astrocytes leads to the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), which interacts with the IL-6 receptor and initiates STAT3 activation. By modulating astrocyte responses, these pathways offer promising avenues for enhancing recovery outcomes, illustrating the crucial need for further investigation into their mechanisms and therapeutic applications in SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Ageeva
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.R.)
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.R.)
- Division of Medical and Biological Sciences, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yana Mukhamedshina
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.R.)
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
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18
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Inoue S, Suzuki T, Sano S, Katayama I. JAK inhibitors for the treatment of vitiligo. J Dermatol Sci 2024; 113:86-92. [PMID: 38326166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease involving melanocyte-targeting T cells initiated by environmental and genetic factors. Steroids and tacrolimus have been used as topical treatments. Recently, novel topical agents targeting Janus kinase (JAK), a family of tyrosine kinases that regulates cytokine signaling, have emerged. Ruxolitinib is the first approved in vitiligo therapy. Furthermore, ritlecitinib is currently under clinical trials for oral treatment of active vitiligo. In this review, we discuss the possibility of topical JAK inhibitors as promising options for the treatment of vitiligo with regard to their mechanism of action, efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Inoue
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Tamio Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Sano
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Ichiro Katayama
- Department of Pigmentation Research and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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19
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Chen J, Chen Z, Li Y, Wang B, Lu Y, Jian J, Tang J, Cai J. Characterization and functional analysis of SOCS9 from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) during virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109424. [PMID: 38311091 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins family have twelve members including eight known mammalian SOCS members (CISH, SOCS1-7) and four new discovery members (SOCS3b, SOCS5b, SOCS8 and SOCS9) that is regarded as a classic feedback inhibitor of cytokine signaling. Although the function of the mammalian SOCS proteins have been well studied, little is known about the roles of SOCS in fish during viral infection. In this study, the molecular characteristics of SOCS9 from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides, EcSOCS9) is investigated. The EcSOCS9 protein encoded 543 amino acids with typical SH2 (389-475aa) and SOCS_box (491-527aa), sharing high identities with reported fish SOCS9. EcSOCS9 was expressed in all detected tissues and highly expressed in kidney. After red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infection, the expression of EcSOCS9 was significantly induced in vitro. Furthermore, EcSOCS9 overexpression enhanced RGNNV replication, promoted virus-induced mitophagy that evidenced by the increased level of LC3-Ⅱ, BCL2, PGAM5 and decreased level of BNIP3 and FUNDC1. Besides, EcSOCS9 overexpression suppressed the expression levels of ATP6, CYB, ND4, ATP level and induced ROS level. The expression levels of interferon (IFN) related factors (IRF1, IRF3, IRF7, P53), inflammatory factors (IL1-β, IL8, TLR2, TNF-α) and IFN-3, ISRE, NF-κB, AP1 activities were also reduced by overexpressing EcSOCS9. These date suggests that EcSOCS9 impacts RGNNV infection through modulating mitophagy, regulating the expression levels of IFN- related and inflammatory factors, which will expand our understanding of fish immune responses during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Chen
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Zhaofeng Chen
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Bei Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Yishan Lu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Jichang Jian
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Jufen Tang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Jia Cai
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, PR China.
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20
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Selmi C, Chimenti MS, Novelli L, Parikh BK, Morello F, de Vlam K, Ciccia F. Pain in axial spondyloarthritis: role of the JAK/STAT pathway. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1341981. [PMID: 38464510 PMCID: PMC10921361 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1341981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by new bone formation in the axial musculoskeletal system, with X-ray discriminating between radiographic and non-radiographic forms. Current therapeutic options include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in addition to biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs that specifically target tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) or interleukin (IL)-17. Pain is the most critical symptom for axSpA patients, significantly contributing to the burden of disease and impacting daily life. While the inflammatory process exerts a major role in determining pain in the early phases of the disease, the symptom may also result from mechanical and neuromuscular causes that require complex, multi-faceted pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment, especially in the later phases. In clinical practice, pain often persists and does not respond further despite the absence of inflammatory disease activity. Cytokines involved in axSpA pathogenesis interact directly/indirectly with the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling cascade, a fundamental component in the origin and development of spondyloarthropathies. The JAK/STAT pathway also plays an important role in nociception, and new-generation JAK inhibitors have demonstrated rapid pain relief. We provide a comprehensive review of the different pain types observed in axSpA and the potential role of JAK/STAT signaling in this context, with specific focus on data from preclinical studies and data from clinical trials with JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Selmi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Sole Chimenti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of “Medicina dei Sistemi”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Bhumik K. Parikh
- Global Medical Affairs, AbbVie, Inc., Mettawa, IL, United States
| | | | - Kurt de Vlam
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Department of Precision Medicine Napoli, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
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21
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Dos Santos BL, Dos Santos CC, da Silva KC, Nonaka CKV, Souza BSDF, David JM, de Oliveira JVR, Costa MDFD, Butt AM, da Silva VDA, Costa SL. The Phytochemical Agathisflavone Modulates miR146a and miR155 in Activated Microglia Involving STAT3 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2547. [PMID: 38473794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) act as important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in glial cells and have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigated the effects of agathisflavone, a biflavonoid purified from the leaves of Cenostigma pyramidale (Tul.), on modulating the expression of miRs and inflammatory mediators in activated microglia. C20 human microglia were exposed to oligomers of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ, 500 nM) for 4 h or to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 µg/mL) for 24 h and then treated or not with agathisflavone (1 µM) for 24 h. We observed that β-amyloid and LPS activated microglia to an inflammatory state, with increased expression of miR-146a, miR-155, IL1-β, IL-6, and NOS2. Treatment with agathisflavone resulted in a significant reduction in miR146a and miR-155 induced by LPS or Aβ, as well as inflammatory cytokines IL1-β, IL-6, and NOS2. In cells stimulated with Aβ, there was an increase in p-STAT3 expression that was reduced by agathisflavone treatment. These data identify a role for miRs in the anti-inflammatory effect of agathisflavone on microglia in models of neuroinflammation and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balbino Lino Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
- College of Nursing, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, S/N, Petrolina 56304-917, PE, Brazil
| | - Cleonice Creusa Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
| | - Karina Costa da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
| | - Carolina Kymie Vasques Nonaka
- Center of Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, D'Or Institute for Research and Teaching (IDOR), Salvador 41253-190, BA, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Center of Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, D'Or Institute for Research and Teaching (IDOR), Salvador 41253-190, BA, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil
| | - Jorge Mauricio David
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
| | - Juciele Valéria Ribeiro de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Dias Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
- National Institute of Translational Neuroscience (INNT), Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, RJ, Brazil
| | - Arthur Morgan Butt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cellular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
- National Institute of Translational Neuroscience (INNT), Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon S/N Vale do Canela, Salvador 40110-902, BA, Brazil
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22
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Leyane TS, Jere SW, Houreld NN. Effect of photobiomodulation at 830 nm on gene expression correlated with JAK/STAT signalling in wounded and diabetic wounded fibroblasts in vitro. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300230. [PMID: 38010362 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of chronic diabetic wounds is an ongoing socio-economic challenge. Dysregulated signalling pathways characterise cells from chronic diabetic wounds. Photobiomodulation (PBM) stimulates healing by eliciting photochemical effects that affect gene regulation. JAK/STAT signalling is a primary signal transduction pathway involved in wound healing. This in vitro study aimed to determine if PBM at 830 nm and a fluence of 5 J/cm2 regulates genes related to JAK/STAT signalling in wounded and diabetic wounded fibroblast cells. A continuous wave diode laser (12.53 mW/cm2 ) was used to irradiate cells. Forty-eight hours post-PBM, RT-qPCR was used to analyse 84 genes related to JAK/STAT signalling. Five genes were upregulated and four downregulated in wounded cell models, while six genes were downregulated in diabetic wounded models. The results show drastic gene expression differences between wounded and diabetic wounded cell models in response to PBM using 830 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thobekile S Leyane
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sandy W Jere
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nicolette N Houreld
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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23
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Alves J, Schwinn M, Machleidt T, Goueli SA, Cali JJ, Zegzouti H. Monitoring phosphorylation and acetylation of CRISPR-mediated HiBiT-tagged endogenous proteins. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2138. [PMID: 38272933 PMCID: PMC10810970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pathways transduce signals through changes in post-translational modifications (PTMs) of effector proteins. Among the approaches used to monitor PTM changes are immunoassays and overexpression of recombinant reporter genes. Genome editing by CRISPR/Cas9 provides a new means to monitor PTM changes by inserting reporters onto target endogenous genes while preserving native biology. Ideally, the reporter should be small in order not to interfere with the processes mediated by the target while sensitive enough to detect tightly expressed proteins. HiBiT is a 1.3 kDa reporter peptide capable of generating bioluminescence through complementation with LgBiT, an 18 kDa subunit derived from NanoLuc. Using HiBiT CRISPR/Cas9-modified cell lines in combination with fluorescent antibodies, we developed a HiBiT-BRET immunoassay (a.k.a. Immuno-BRET). This is a homogeneous immunoassay capable of monitoring post-translational modifications on diverse protein targets. Its usefulness was demonstrated for the detection of phosphorylation of multiple signaling pathway targets (EGFR, STAT3, MAPK8 and c-MET), as well as chromatin containing histone H3 acetylation on lysine 9 and 27. These results demonstrate the ability to efficiently monitor endogenous biological processes modulated by post-translational modifications using a small bioluminescent peptide tag and fluorescent antibodies, providing sensitive quantitation of the response dynamics to multiple stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Alves
- R&D Department, Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA.
| | - Marie Schwinn
- R&D Department, Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Thomas Machleidt
- R&D Department, Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Said A Goueli
- R&D Department, Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - James J Cali
- R&D Department, Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA
| | - Hicham Zegzouti
- R&D Department, Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA.
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24
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He X, Gou X, Fan D, Yang J, Fu X, Luo Y, Yang T. Repurposing TAK875 as a novel STAT3 inhibitor for treating inflammatory bowel disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 219:115957. [PMID: 38049007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic immune-mediated disease associated with a high recurrence rate and an elevated risk of colon cancer. In this study, we screened a bioactive compound library using a luciferase reporter assay and identified the compound TAK875 as a novel inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Surface plasmon resonance analysis, differential scanning fluorimetry, and isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrated that TAK875 directly bound to recombinant STAT3. TAK875 suppressed the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced release of nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and inflammatory factors in RAW264.7 cells, likely by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation. In addition, TAK875 inhibited the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into T-helper 17 cells, which may partially account for its anti-inflammatory effect. TAK875 also alleviated the LPS-induced accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, thus displaying its antioxidant effects. Finally, we demonstrated its satisfactory anti-inflammatory effect in a dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse model of ulcerative colitis. In conclusion, this study presented TAK875 as a novel STAT3 inhibitor and demonstrated its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlian He
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xupeng Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dongmei Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiaxing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyuan Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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25
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Patil N, Abdelrahim OG, Leupold JH, Allgayer H. JAK1 Is a Novel Target of Tumor- and Invasion-Suppressive microRNA 494-5p in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:24. [PMID: 38201452 PMCID: PMC10778350 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
MiR-494-5p expression has been suggested to be associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) and its metastases in our previous studies. However, functional investigations on the molecule-mediating actions of this miR in CRC are lacking. In silico analysis in the present study revealed a putative binding sequence within the 3'UTR of JAK1. Overexpression of miR-494-5p in cultured CRC significantly reduced the luciferase activity of a reporter plasmid containing the wild-type JAK1-3'UTR, which was abolished by seed sequence mutation. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-494-5p in CRC cell lines led to a significant reduction in JAK1 expression, proliferation, in vitro migration, and invasion. These effects were abolished by co-transfection with a specific double-stranded RNA that inhibits endogenous miR-494-5p. Moreover, IL-4-induced migration, invasion, and phosphorylation of JAK1, STAT6, and AKT proteins were reduced after an overexpression of this miR, suggesting that this miR affects one of the most essential pathways in CRC. A Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis revealed that patients with high JAK1 expression show reduced survival. Together, these data suggest that miR-494-5p physically inhibits the expression of JAK1 at the translational level as well as in migration and invasion, supporting the hypothesis of miR-494-5p as an early tumor suppressor and inhibitor of early steps of metastasis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Heike Allgayer
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)621-383-71630 or +49-(0)621-383-71635; Fax: +49-(0)621-383-71631
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26
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Zhang JY, Sun JF, Nie P, Herdewijn P, Wang YT. Synthesis and clinical application of small-molecule inhibitors of Janus kinase. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115848. [PMID: 37793326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK) plays a crucial role in intracellular signaling pathways, particularly in cytokine-mediated signal transduction, making them attractive therapeutic targets for a wide range of diseases, including autoimmune disorders, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and inflammatory conditions. The review provides a comprehensive overview of the development and therapeutic potential of small-molecule inhibitors targeting JAK family of proteins in various clinical trials. It also discusses the mechanisms of action, specificity, and selectivity of these inhibitors, shedding light on the challenges associated with achieving target selectivity while minimizing off-target effects. Moreover, the review offers insights into the clinical applications of JAK inhibitors, summarizing the ongoing clinical trials and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved JAK inhibitors currently available for various diseases. Overall, this review provides a thorough examination of the synthesis and clinical use of typical small-molecule JAK inhibitors in different clinical stages and offers a bright future for the development of novel small-molecule JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, 450044, China
| | - Jin-Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, College of Pharmacy, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China.
| | - Peng Nie
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ya-Tao Wang
- First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Henan Province, Shangqiu, 476100, China; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Berneking L, Bekere I, Rob S, Schnapp M, Huang J, Ruckdeschel K, Aepfelbacher M. A bacterial effector protein promotes nuclear translocation of Stat3 to induce IL-10. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151364. [PMID: 37806297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional Yersinia effector YopM inhibits effector triggered immunity and increases production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-10 (IL-10) to suppress the host immune response. Previously it was shown that YopM induces IL-10 gene expression by elevating phosphorylation of the serine-threonine kinase RSK1 in the nucleus of human macrophages. Using transcriptomics, we found that YopM strongly affects expression of genes belonging to the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Further analysis revealed that YopM mediates nuclear translocation of the transcription factor Stat3 in Y. enterocolitica infected macrophages and that knockdown of Stat3 inhibited YopM-induced IL-10 gene expression. YopM-induced Stat3 translocation did not depend on autocrine IL-10, activation of RSK1 or tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3. Thus, besides activation of RSK1, stimulation of nuclear translocation of Stat3 is another mechanism by which YopM increases IL-10 gene expression in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Berneking
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Indra Bekere
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Rob
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie Schnapp
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jiabin Huang
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Ruckdeschel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Aepfelbacher
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.
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Liu L, Li X, Chen Y, Li YZ, Liu Z, Duan Y, Chen Y. Interleukin-22 promotes proliferation and reverses LPS-induced apoptosis and steroidogenesis attenuation in human ovarian granulosa cells: implications for polycystic ovary syndrome pathogenesis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2253347. [PMID: 37661176 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2253347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin 22 (IL-22) plays a role in inflammatory diseases. However, whether IL-22 affects the function of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) and its relationship with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)remains unclear. METHODS We investigated the level of IL-22 in human follicular fluid using ELISA. The expression and localization of the IL-22 receptor 1 (IL-22R1) in GCs were investigated by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The proliferation of KGN cells (human GCs line) was assessed by CCK-8 assay and EdU assay after treatment with recombinant human IL-22 (rhIL-22) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry. Apoptotic proteins and steroidogenic genes were detected by western blotting. RESULTS ELISA's results showed that compared with the control group, PCOS patients showed lower expression of IL-22 in follicular fluid. Immunofluorescence showed that IL-22R1 is expressed and localized in human granulosa cell membranes. IL-22 promoted cell proliferation and reversed LPS-induced inhibition of cell proliferation. IL-22 alone did not affect apoptotic or steroidogenic protein expression, however, it reversed LPS-induced apoptosis via downregulation of Bcl-2, upregulation of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and restoration of LPS-downregulated StAR, CYP11A1, and CYP19A1 expression. Western blotting confirmed that IL-22 activated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling. CONCLUSION IL-22 promotes cell proliferation, inhibits apoptosis, and regulates KGN cell steroidogenesis confronted with LPS, and decreased IL-22 may be involved in the development of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhong Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zhe Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhan Duan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Kristiansen MH, Kjær L, Skov V, Larsen MK, Ellervik C, Hasselbalch HC, Wienecke T. JAK2V617F mutation is highly prevalent in patients with ischemic stroke: a case-control study. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5825-5834. [PMID: 37522722 PMCID: PMC10561044 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke has a high recurrence rate despite treatment. This underlines the significance of investigating new possible cerebrovascular risk factors, such as the acquired gene mutation JAK2V617F found in 3.1% of the general population. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of the JAK2V617F mutation in a population with ischemic stroke compared with that in matched controls. We enrolled 538 consecutive Danish patients with ischemic stroke (mean age, 69.5 ± 10.9 years; 39.2% female) within 7 days of symptom onset. Using multiple-adjusted conditional logistic regression analysis, we compared the prevalence of JAK2V617F with that in age- and sex-matched controls free of ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) from the Danish General Suburban Population Study. DNA was analyzed for JAK2V617F mutation using sensitive droplet digital polymerase chain reaction in patients and controls. Of the 538 patients with ischemic stroke, 61 (11.3%) had JAK2V617F mutation. There were no differences in patient demographics or cerebrovascular comorbidities between the patients with and without mutations. Patients with ischemic stroke were more likely to have the JAK2V617F mutation than matched controls, in whom the JAK2V617F prevalence was 4.4% (odds ratio, 2.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.57-3.58; P < .001). A subanalysis stratified by smoking history revealed that the association was strongest in current smokers (odds ratio, 4.78; 95% confidence interval, 2.22-10.28; P < .001). Patients with ischemic stroke were 2.4 times more likely to have the JAK2V617F mutation than matched controls without ICVD when adjusting for other cerebrovascular risk factors. This finding supports JAK2V617F mutation as a novel cerebrovascular risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hvelplund Kristiansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lasse Kjær
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Vibe Skov
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Morten Kranker Larsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Christina Ellervik
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Data and Data Support, Region Zealand, Sorø, Denmark
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hans Carl Hasselbalch
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Troels Wienecke
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
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Upreti S, Muduli K, Pradhan J, Elangovan S, Samant M. Identification of novel inhibitors from Urtica spp against TNBC targeting JAK2 receptor for breast cancer therapy. Med Oncol 2023; 40:326. [PMID: 37806999 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in women globally, and TNBC (triple-negative breast cancer) is its aggressive type since it lacks the usual targets. JAK2/STAT3 pathway can be an important lead in anticancer drug discovery, as restraining the downstream signalling of this pathway results in the induction of cell apoptosis. Moreover, various limitations associated with chemotherapy are the reason to find an alternative herbal-based therapy. For this study, we collected Urtica dioica and U. parviflora from different regions of Uttarakhand, followed by preparation of their leaf and stem extracts in different solvents. The GC-MS analysis of these extracts revealed a total of 175 compounds to be present in them. Further, by molecular docking approach, we studied the interaction between these compounds and JAK2, and 12 major compounds with better binding energy than the control Paclitaxel were identified. In addition, the selected hits were also reported to display better pharmacokinetic properties. Moreover, extracts from both the Urtica spp. displayed significant anticancer activity against MDA-MB-231(TNBC cell line) and exhibited lower cytotoxicity in healthy cell lines, i.e. HEK293T, indicating that these extracts were safer to use. Hence, the findings in our study can be crucial in the area of herbal-based target-specific drug development against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Upreti
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Soban Singh Jeena University Campus, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Zoology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kartik Muduli
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Jagannath Pradhan
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Selvakumar Elangovan
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Mukesh Samant
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Soban Singh Jeena University Campus, Almora, Uttarakhand, India.
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Mahjoor M, Mahmoudvand G, Farokhi S, Shadab A, Kashfi M, Afkhami H. Double-edged sword of JAK/STAT signaling pathway in viral infections: novel insights into virotherapy. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:272. [PMID: 37784164 PMCID: PMC10544547 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) is an intricate signaling cascade composed of various cytokines, interferons (IFN, growth factors, and other molecules. This pathway provides a delicate mechanism through which extracellular factors adjust gene expression, thereby acting as a substantial basis for environmental signals to influence cell growth and differentiation. The interactions between the JAK/STAT cascade and antiviral IFNs are critical to the host's immune response against viral microorganisms. Recently, with the emergence of therapeutic classes that target JAKs, the significance of this cascade has been recognized in an unprecedented way. Despite the functions of the JAK/STAT pathway in adjusting immune responses against viral pathogens, a vast body of evidence proposes the role of this cascade in the replication and pathogenesis of viral pathogens. In this article, we review the structure of the JAK/STAT signaling cascade and its role in immuno-inflammatory responses. We also highlight the paradoxical effects of this pathway in the pathogenesis of viral infections. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Mahjoor
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Mahmoudvand
- Student Research Committee, USERN Office, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Simin Farokhi
- Student Research Committee, USERN Office, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Alireza Shadab
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Deputy of Health, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kashfi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang Y, Xu L, Zhang Z, Su X, Wang Z, Wang T. Enterovirus D68 infection upregulates SOCS3 expression to inhibit JAK-STAT3 signaling and antagonize the innate interferon response of the host. Virol Sin 2023; 38:755-766. [PMID: 37657555 PMCID: PMC10590701 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) can cause respiratory diseases and acute flaccid paralysis, posing a great threat to public health. Interferons are cytokines secreted by host cells that have broad-spectrum antiviral effects, inducing the expression of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). EV-D68 activates ISG expression early in infection, but at a later stage, the virus suppresses ISG expression, a strategy evolved by EV-D68 to antagonize interferons. Here, we explore a host protein, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), is upregulated during EV-D68 infection and antagonizes the antiviral effects of type I interferon. We subsequently demonstrate that the structural protein of EV-D68 upregulated the expression of RFX7, a transcriptional regulator of SOCS3, leading to the upregulation of SOCS3 expression. Further exploration revealed that SOCS3 plays its role by inhibiting the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The expression of SOCS3 inhibited the expression of ISG, thereby inhibiting the antiviral effect of type I interferon and promoting EV-D68 transcription, protein production, and viral titer. Notably, a truncated SOCS3, generated by deleting the kinase inhibitory region (KIR) domain, failed to promote replication and translation of EV-D68. Based on the above studies, we designed a short peptide named SOCS3 inhibitor, which can specifically bind and inhibit the KIR structural domain of SOCS3, significantly reducing the RNA and protein levels of EV-D68. In summary, our results demonstrated a novel mechanism by which EV-D68 inhibits ISG transcription and antagonizes the antiviral responses of host type I interferon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Leling Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xin Su
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhiyun Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Institute of Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Cao N, Ouyang H, Zhang X, Xu Y, Li J, Chen Y. Integration of scRNA-Seq and bulk RNA-Seq uncover perturbed immune cell types and pathways of Kawasaki disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1259353. [PMID: 37841239 PMCID: PMC10568768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1259353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile illness primarily affecting children and characterized by systemic inflammation and vasculitis that can lead to coronary artery complications. The aim of this study was to gain a comprehensive understanding of immune dysregulation in KD. Methods To this end, we employed integration of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) and bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-Seq) data. Furthermore, we conducted flow cytometry analysis for a cohort of 82 KD patients. Results Our analysis revealed significant heterogeneity within immune cell populations in KD patients, with distinct clusters of T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Importantly, CD4+ naïve T cells in KD patients were found to predominantly differentiate into Treg cells and Th2 cells, potentially playing a role in the excessive inflammation and vascular damage characteristic of the disease. Dysregulated signaling pathways were also identified, including the mTOR signaling pathway, cardiomyopathy pathway, COVID-19 signaling pathway, and pathways involved in bacterial or viral infection. Discussion These findings provide insights into the immunopathogenesis of KD, emphasizing the importance of immune cell dysregulation and dysregulated signaling pathways. Integration of scRNA-Seq and bulk RNA-Seq data offers a comprehensive view of the molecular and cellular alterations in KD and highlights potential therapeutic targets for further investigation. Validation and functional studies are warranted to elucidate the roles of the identified immune cell types and pathways in KD pathogenesis and to develop targeted interventions to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixin Cao
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children’s Health and Disease, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
- Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Huayi Ouyang
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children’s Health and Disease, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
- Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children’s Health and Disease, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yanfei Chen
- Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children’s Health and Disease, Kunming Children’s Hospital, Kunming, China
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Chiricosta L, D’Angiolini S, Gugliandolo A, Salamone S, Pollastro F, Mazzon E. Transcriptomic Profiling after In Vitro Δ 8-THC Exposure Shows Cytoskeletal Remodeling in Trauma-Injured NSC-34 Cell Line. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1268. [PMID: 37765076 PMCID: PMC10535185 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell death is a physiological process that, when uncontrollable, leads to neurodegenerative disorders like spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI represents one of the major causes of trauma and disabilities worldwide for which no effective pharmacological intervention exists. Herein, we observed the beneficial effects of Δ8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC) during neuronal cell death recovery. We cultured NSC-34 motoneuron cell line performing three different experiments. A traumatic scratch injury was caused in two experiments. One of the scratched was pretreated with Δ8-THC to observe the role of the cannabinoid following the trauma. An experimental control group was neither scratched nor pretreated. All the experiments underwent RNA-seq analysis. The effects of traumatic injury were observed in scratch against control comparison. Comparison of scratch models with or without pretreatment highlighted how Δ8-THC counteracts the traumatic event. Our results shown that Δ8-THC triggers the cytoskeletal remodeling probably due to the activation of the Janus Kinase Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway and the signaling cascade operated by the Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) Kinase signaling pathway. In light of this evidence, Δ8-THC could be a valid pharmacological approach in the treatment of abnormal neuronal cell death occurring in motoneuron cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Chiricosta
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Simone D’Angiolini
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Agnese Gugliandolo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Stefano Salamone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Federica Pollastro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
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Gao X, Wang P, Yan Z, Yang Q, Huang X, Zhang S, Gun S. Molecular characterization and function of JAK/STAT pathway in IPEC-J2 cells during Clostridium perfringens beta2 toxin stimulation. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1177-1184. [PMID: 37436554 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal infection with C. perfringens is responsible for outbreaks of diarrhea in piglets. Janus kinase / signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) is a vital signaling pathway that regulates cellular activity and inflammatory response, closely correlated with multiple diseases development and advances. Currently, the potential effect of JAK/STAT on C. perfringens beta2 (CPB2) treatment on porcine intestinal epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells has not been explored. The expression of JAK/STAT genes or proteins in IPEC-J2 cells induced by CPB2 were observed by qRT-PCR and Western blot, and further used WP1066 to explore the effect of JAK2/STAT3 on mechanism employed by CPB2 on apoptosis, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines of IPEC-J2 cells. JAK2, JAK3, STAT1, STAT3, STAT5A and STAT6 were highly expressed in CPB2-induced IPEC-J2 cells, among which STAT3 had the highest expression. Moreover, apoptosis, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress were attenuated via blocking the activation of JAK2/STAT3 by using WP1066 in CPB2-treated IPEC-J2 cells. Furthermore, WP1066 significantly suppressed the secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and TNF-α induced by CPB2 in IPEC-J2 cells.Our findings provide some insights into the functional roles of JAK2/STAT3 in piglets against to C. perfringens infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zunqiang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Qiaoli Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Shengwei Zhang
- Farmer Education and Training Work Station of Gansu province, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- Gansu Research Center for Swine Production Engineering and Technology, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Zhang M, Meng Y, Ying Y, Zhou P, Zhang S, Fang Y, Yao Y, Li D. Selective activation of STAT3 and STAT5 dictates the fate of myeloid progenitor cells. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:274. [PMID: 37507383 PMCID: PMC10382539 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular programs that govern the directed differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells are still poorly defined. Using a previously established immortalized, phenotypically normal myeloid progenitor cell model mEB8-ER, we unveil a new mechanism mediated by STAT5 and STAT3 at a bifurcation point of myeloid progenitor cell-fate specification. We find that myeloid progenitor cells can spontaneously differentiate into neutrophils with a basal level of STAT3 phosphorylation, which is enhanced by G-CSF treatment or STAT3 over-expression, leading to elevated neutrophil differentiation. Reduced STAT3 phosphorylation caused by GM-CSF treatment, STAT3 specific inhibitor, or STAT3 depletion leads to attenuated myeloid differentiation into neutrophils, while elevating differentiation into monocytes/macrophages. In contrast, STAT5 appears to have an antagonistic function to STAT3. When activated by GM-CSF, STAT5 promotes myeloid differentiation into monocytes/macrophages but inhibits neutrophil differentiation. At the mechanistic level, GM-CSF activates STAT5 to up-regulate SOCS3, which attenuates STAT3 phosphorylation and consequently neutrophil differentiation, while enhancing monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Furthermore, inhibition of STAT5 and STAT3 in primary myeloid progenitors recapitulates the results from the mEB8-ER model. Together, our findings provide new mechanistic insights into myeloid differentiation and may prove useful for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to abnormal myeloid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiling Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxia Ying
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingting Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Suning Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Hsu CY, Yang WT, Lin JH, Lu CH, Hu KC, Lan TH, Chang CC. Sertindole, an Antipsychotic Drug, Curbs the STAT3/BCL-xL Axis to Elicit Human Bladder Cancer Cell Apoptosis In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11852. [PMID: 37511611 PMCID: PMC10380261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the leading urinary tract malignancy. Epidemiological evidence has linked lower cancer incidence in schizophrenia patients to long-term medication, highlighting the anticancer potential of antipsychotics. Sertindole is an atypical antipsychotic agent with reported anticancer action on breast and gastric cancers. Yet, sertindole's effect on bladder cancer remains unaddressed. We herein present the first evidence of sertindole's antiproliferative effect and mechanisms of action on human bladder cancer cells. Sertindole was cytotoxic against bladder cancer cells while less cytotoxic to normal urothelial cells. Apoptosis was a primary cause of sertindole's cytotoxicity, as the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk rescued cells from sertindole-induced killing. Mechanistically, sertindole inhibited the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), an oncogenic driver of bladder cancer, as sertindole lowered the levels of tyrosine 705-phosphorylated STAT3 along with that of STAT3's target gene BCL-xL. Notably, ectopic expression of the dominant-active STAT3 mutant impaired sertindole-induced apoptosis in addition to restoring BCL-xL expression. Moreover, bladder cancer cells overexpressing BCL-xL were refractory to sertindole's proapoptotic action, arguing that sertindole represses STAT3 to downregulate BCL-xL, culminating in the induction of apoptosis. Overall, the current study indicated sertindole exerts bladder cancer cytotoxicity by provoking apoptosis through targeted inhibition of the antiapoptotic STAT3/BCL-xL signaling axis. These findings implicate the potential to repurpose sertindole as a therapeutic strategy for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yu Hsu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435403, Taiwan
- Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Hwa Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lu
- Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Hu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
| | - Tsuo-Hung Lan
- Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou 542019, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli 350401, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Che Chang
- Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Rong Hsing Translational Medicine Research Center, The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
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Lin Q, Wang X, Hu Y. The opportunities and challenges in immunotherapy: Insights from the regulation of PD-L1 in cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2023:216318. [PMID: 37454966 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive molecule programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is frequently upregulated in human cancers. Binding of PD-L1 to its receptor, programmed death-1 (PD-1), on activated T cells facilitates cancer cells to evade the host immune system. Antibody-based PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can inhibit PD-1/PD-L1 interaction allowing reactivate cytotoxic T cells to eradicate advanced cancer cells. However, the majority of cancer patients fail to respond to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies and the molecular mechanisms for this remain poorly understood. Recent studies show that PD-L1 expression level on tumor cells affect the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint therapies. Thus, furthering our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of PD-L1 expression in cancer cells will be critical to improve clinical response rates and the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 immune therapies. Here we review recent studies, primarily focusing on the mechanisms that regulate PD-L1 expression at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and protein level, with the purpose to drive the development of more targeted and effective anti-PD-1/PD-L1 cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for the Multi-modal Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China
| | - Xingwen Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for the Multi-modal Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China
| | - Ying Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for the Multi-modal Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China.
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Gombos G, Németh N, Pös O, Styk J, Buglyó G, Szemes T, Danihel L, Nagy B, Balogh I, Soltész B. New Possible Ways to Use Exosomes in Diagnostics and Therapy via JAK/STAT Pathways. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1904. [PMID: 37514090 PMCID: PMC10386711 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have the potential to be the future of personalized diagnostics and therapy. They are nano-sized particles between 30 and 100 nm flowing in the extracellular milieu, where they mediate cell-cell communication and participate in immune system regulation. Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) secreted from different types of cancer cells are the key regulators of the tumor microenvironment. With their immune suppressive cargo, TDEs prevent the antitumor immune response, leading to reduced effectiveness of cancer treatment by promoting a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. Involved signaling pathways take part in the regulation of tumor proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Signal transducers and activators of transcription factors (STATs) and Janus kinase (JAK) signaling pathways are crucial in malignancies and autoimmune diseases alike, and their potential to be manipulated is currently the focus of interest. In this review, we aim to discuss exosomes, TDEs, and the JAK/STAT pathways, along with mediators like interleukins, tripartite motif proteins, and interferons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gréta Gombos
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Németh
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ondrej Pös
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jakub Styk
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gergely Buglyó
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tomas Szemes
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 841 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ludovit Danihel
- 3rd Surgical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and Merciful Brothers University Hospital, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bálint Nagy
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - István Balogh
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Soltész
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Das D, Choy E. Non-inflammatory pain in inflammatory arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:2360-2365. [PMID: 36478185 PMCID: PMC10321089 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
'Non-inflammatory' pain, pain that is not associated with measures of inflammation, is common in patients with inflammatory arthritis including RA. One important cause of non-inflammatory pain is concomitant fibromyalgia. Systematic review has shown that fibromyalgia is common in inflammatory arthritis including RA affecting 1 in 5 patients and is associated with higher disease activity scores due to inflated tender joint count and patient global assessment. Consequently, many patients with RA and concomitant fibromyalgia may fail to reach treatment target and switch to alternate disease modifying drugs frequently. European Alliance of Association for Rheumatology has highlighted that concomitant fibromyalgia is an important consideration in assessing difficult-to-treat RA. The incidence and prevalence of fibromyalgia are higher in RA than the general population, raising the possibility that fibromyalgia may be 'secondary' to RA rather than a concomitant disease. The precise mechanisms whereby patients with RA develop fibromyalgia are unknown. In this review, we discussed fibromyalgia in RA, its clinical impact and epidemiology as well as data suggesting fibromyalgia might be 'secondary'. Lastly, we reviewed potential pathogenic mechanisms which included inflammatory cytokines sensitizing nociceptive neurones, temporal summation, also known as windup, from chronic pain and impaired coping from poor quality sleep and mental well-being. Deciphering the exact mechanisms may lead to treatment strategies that prevent development of secondary fibromyalgia and will address a common factor associated with difficult-to-treat RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhivya Das
- Consultant Rheumatologist, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University School of Medicine (Formerly with Cardiff), Cardiff, UK
| | - Ernest Choy
- Correspondence to: Ernest Choy, CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Tenovus Building, Heath Park Campus, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK. E-mail:
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Valle-Mendiola A, Gutiérrez-Hoya A, Soto-Cruz I. JAK/STAT Signaling and Cervical Cancer: From the Cell Surface to the Nucleus. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1141. [PMID: 37372319 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway constitutes a rapid signaling module from the cell surface to the nucleus, and activates different cellular responses, such as proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and inflammation. When the JAK/STAT pathway is altered, it contributes to cancer progression and metastasis. STAT proteins play a central role in developing cervical cancer, and inhibiting the JAK/STAT signaling may be necessary to induce tumor cell death. Several cancers show continuous activation of different STATs, including cervical cancer. The constitutive activation of STAT proteins is associated with a poor prognosis and overall survival. The human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoproteins E6 and E7 play an essential role in cervical cancer progression, and they activate the JAK/STAT pathway and other signals that induce proliferation, survival, and migration of cancer cells. Moreover, there is a crosstalk between the JAK/STAT signaling cascade with other signaling pathways, where a plethora of different proteins activate to induce gene transcription and cell responses that contribute to tumor growth. Therefore, inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway shows promise as a new target in cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of the JAK/STAT pathway components and the role of the HPV oncoproteins associated with cellular malignancy through the JAK/STAT proteins and other signaling pathways to induce tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Valle-Mendiola
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n, Colonia Ejército de Oriente, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| | - Adriana Gutiérrez-Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n, Colonia Ejército de Oriente, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
- Cátedra CONACYT, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| | - Isabel Soto-Cruz
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n, Colonia Ejército de Oriente, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
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Galluzzo M, Vellucci L, Marcelli L, Paganini C, Bianchi L, Talamonti M. Deucravacitinib, a selective tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor, for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:981-988. [PMID: 37147879 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2211764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein kinases play a crucial role in intracellular signaling pathways that lead to inflammation and cell proliferation. New understandings of the involvement of these metabolic pathways in the pathogenesis of psoriasis allowed the development of a new class of drugs. Unlike biologics, these compounds work by blocking intracellular targets involved in the immune response. AREAS COVERED Deucravacitinib is an oral small molecule inhibitor of TYK2 that binds the pseudokinase domain and locks the kinase in an inactive state by an allosteric mechanism, arresting TYK2- mediated signaling cascades and disabling the upregulation of proinflammatory genes implicated in psoriasis. The authors present the results of phase I - III clinical trials of deucravacitinib for the treatment of psoriasis. EXPERT OPINION At week 16 about 56% of patients treated with deucravacitinib achieved PASI75. No serious infections were reported, nor were thromboembolic events or laboratory abnormalities. Efficacy was reported to be persistent and safety profiles were shown to be consistent for up to 2 years. Deucravacitinib can potentially become a safe, effective, well-tolerated treatment for patients suffering from moderate-to-severe disease. Future studies and real-life experiences will be important to determine the exact role of this drug in the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Galluzzo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Vellucci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marcelli
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Paganini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Talamonti
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Ott N, Faletti L, Heeg M, Andreani V, Grimbacher B. JAKs and STATs from a Clinical Perspective: Loss-of-Function Mutations, Gain-of-Function Mutations, and Their Multidimensional Consequences. J Clin Immunol 2023:10.1007/s10875-023-01483-x. [PMID: 37140667 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays a key role in cytokine signaling and is involved in development, immunity, and tumorigenesis for nearly any cell. At first glance, the JAK/STAT signaling pathway appears to be straightforward. However, on closer examination, the factors influencing the JAK/STAT signaling activity, such as cytokine diversity, receptor profile, overlapping JAK and STAT specificity among non-redundant functions of the JAK/STAT complexes, positive regulators (e.g., cooperating transcription factors), and negative regulators (e.g., SOCS, PIAS, PTP), demonstrate the complexity of the pathway's architecture, which can be quickly disturbed by mutations. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway has been, and still is, subject of basic research and offers an enormous potential for the development of new methods of personalized medicine and thus the translation of basic molecular research into clinical practice beyond the use of JAK inhibitors. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations in the three immunologically particularly relevant signal transducers STAT1, STAT3, and STAT6 as well as JAK1 and JAK3 present themselves through individual phenotypic clinical pictures. The established, traditional paradigm of loss-of-function mutations leading to immunodeficiency and gain-of-function mutation leading to autoimmunity breaks down and a more differentiated picture of disease patterns evolve. This review is intended to provide an overview of these specific syndromes from a clinical perspective and to summarize current findings on pathomechanism, symptoms, immunological features, and therapeutic options of STAT1, STAT3, STAT6, JAK1, and JAK3 loss-of-function and gain-of-function diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Ott
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Laura Faletti
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Heeg
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Virginia Andreani
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Clinic of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- DZIF - German Center for Infection Research, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- RESIST - Cluster of Excellence 2155 to Hanover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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McFarlane A, Pohler E, Moraga I. Molecular and cellular factors determining the functional pleiotropy of cytokines. FEBS J 2023; 290:2525-2552. [PMID: 35246947 PMCID: PMC10952290 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are soluble factors vital for mammalian physiology. Cytokines elicit highly pleiotropic activities, characterized by their ability to induce a wide spectrum of functional responses in a diverse range of cell subsets, which makes their study very challenging. Cytokines activate signalling via receptor dimerization/oligomerization, triggering activation of the JAK (Janus kinase)/STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) signalling pathway. Given the strong crosstalk and shared usage of key components of cytokine signalling pathways, a long-standing question in the field pertains to how functional diversity is achieved by cytokines. Here, we discuss how biophysical - for example, ligand-receptor binding affinity and topology - and cellular - for example, receptor, JAK and STAT protein levels, endosomal compartment - parameters contribute to the modulation and diversification of cytokine responses. We review how these parameters ultimately converge into a common mechanism to fine-tune cytokine signalling that involves the control of the number of Tyr residues phosphorylated in the receptor intracellular domain upon cytokine stimulation. This results in different kinetics of STAT activation, and induction of specific gene expression programs, ensuring the generation of functional diversity by cytokines using a limited set of signalling intermediaries. We describe how these first principles of cytokine signalling have been exploited using protein engineering to design cytokine variants with more specific and less toxic responses for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison McFarlane
- Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
| | - Elizabeth Pohler
- Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
| | - Ignacio Moraga
- Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
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Han P, Sunada-Nara K, Kawashima N, Fujii M, Wang S, Kieu TQ, Yu Z, Okiji T. MicroRNA-146b-5p Suppresses Pro-Inflammatory Mediator Synthesis via Targeting TRAF6, IRAK1, and RELA in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Human Dental Pulp Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7433. [PMID: 37108595 PMCID: PMC10138803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-146b-5p (miR-146b-5p) is up-regulated during and to suppress the inflammation process, although mechanisms involved in the action of miR-146b-5p have not been fully elucidated. This study examined the anti-inflammation effects of miR-146b-5p in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). An increase in human miR-146b-5p (hsa-miR-146b-5p) expression following the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed in LPS-stimulated hDPCs. The expression of hsa-miR-146b-5p and pro-inflammatory cytokines was down-regulated by a nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor, and the expression of hsa-miR-146b-5p was also decreased by a JAK1/2 inhibitor. Enforced expression of hsa-miR-146b-5p abolished phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB signaling components, such as interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), and REL-associated protein involved in NF-κB (RELA). Expression of rat miR-146b-5p (rno-miR-146b-5p) and pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA was also up-regulated in experimentally-induced rat pulpal inflammation in vivo, and rno-miR-146b-5p blocked the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and NF-κB signaling components in LPS-stimulated ex vivo cultured rat incisor pulp tissues. These findings suggest that the synthesis of miR-146b-5p is controlled via an NF-κB/IL6/STAT3 signaling cascade, and in turn, miR-146b-5p down-regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators by targeting TRAF6, IRAK1, and RELA in LPS-stimulated hDPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keisuke Sunada-Nara
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.H.); (M.F.); (S.W.); (T.Q.K.); (Z.Y.); (T.O.)
| | - Nobuyuki Kawashima
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.H.); (M.F.); (S.W.); (T.Q.K.); (Z.Y.); (T.O.)
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King B, Zhang X, Harcha WG, Szepietowski JC, Shapiro J, Lynde C, Mesinkovska NA, Zwillich SH, Napatalung L, Wajsbrot D, Fayyad R, Freyman A, Mitra D, Purohit V, Sinclair R, Wolk R. Efficacy and safety of ritlecitinib in adults and adolescents with alopecia areata: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 2b-3 trial. Lancet 2023; 401:1518-1529. [PMID: 37062298 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata is characterised by non-scarring loss of scalp, face, or body hair. We investigated the efficacy and safety of ritlecitinib, an oral, selective dual JAK3/TEC family kinase inhibitor, in patients with alopecia areata. METHODS In this randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 2b-3 trial done at 118 sites in 18 countries, patients aged 12 years and older with alopecia areata and at least 50% scalp hair loss were randomly assigned to oral ritlecitinib or placebo once-daily for 24 weeks, with or without a 4-week loading dose (50 mg, 30 mg, 10 mg, 200 mg loading dose followed by 50 mg, or 200 mg loading dose followed by 30 mg), followed by a 24-week extension period during which ritlecitinib groups continued their assigned doses and patients initially assigned to placebo switched to ritlecitinib 50 mg or 200 mg loading dose followed by 50 mg. Randomisation was done by use of an interactive response system and was stratified by baseline disease severity and age. The sponsor, patients, and investigators were masked to treatment, and all patients received the same number of tablets to maintain masking. The primary endpoint was Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score 20 or less at week 24. The primary endpoint was assessed in all assigned patients, regardless of whether they received treatment. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03732807. FINDINGS Between Dec 3, 2018, and June 24, 2021, 1097 patients were screened and 718 were randomly assigned to receive ritlecitinib 200 mg + 50 mg (n=132), 200 mg + 30 mg (n=130), 50 mg (n=130), 30 mg (n=132), 10 mg (n=63), placebo to 50 mg (n=66), or placebo to 200 mg + 50 mg (n=65). 446 (62%) of 718 patients were female and 272 (38%) were male. 488 (68%) were White, 186 (26%) were Asian, and 27 (4%) were Black or African American. Of 718 patients randomly assigned, 104 patients discontinued treatment (34 withdrew, 19 adverse events [AEs], 12 physician decision, 12 lack of efficacy, 13 lost to follow up, five rolled over to long-term study transfer, four pregnancies, two protocol deviations, one declined to attend follow-up due to COVID-19, one attended last visit very late due to COVID-19, and one non-compliance). At week 24, 38 (31%) of 124 patients in the ritlecitinib 200 mg + 50 mg group, 27 (22%) of 121 patients in the 200 mg + 30 mg group, 29 (23%) of 124 patients in the 50 mg group, 17 (14%) of 119 patients in the 30 mg group, and two (2%) of 130 patients in the placebo group had a response based on SALT score 20 or less. The difference in response rate based on SALT score 20 or less between the placebo and the ritlecitinib 200 mg + 50 mg group was 29·1% (95% CI 21·2-37·9; p<0·0001), 20·8% (13·7-29·2; p<0·0001) for the 200 mg + 30 mg group, 21·9% (14·7-30·2; p<0·0001) for the 50 mg group, and 12·8% (6·7-20·4; p=0·0002) for the 30 mg group. Up to week 48 and including the follow-up period, AEs had been reported in 108 (82%) of 131 patients in the ritlecitinib 200 mg + 50 mg group, 105 (81%) of 129 patients in the 200 mg + 30 mg group, 110 (85%) of 130 patients in the 50 mg group, 106 (80%) of 132 patients in the 30 mg group, 47 (76%) of 62 patients in the 10 mg group, 54 (83%) of 65 patients placebo to ritlecitinib 200 mg + 50 mg in the extension period, and 57 (86%) of 66 patients in the placebo to 50 mg group. The incidence of each AE was similar between groups, and there were no deaths. INTERPRETATION Ritlecitinib was effective and well tolerated in patients aged 12 years and older with alopecia areata. Ritlecitinib might be a suitable treatment option for alopecia areata in patients who are candidates for systemic therapy. FUNDING Pfizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett King
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Xingqi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jacek C Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerry Shapiro
- Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Lynde
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natasha A Mesinkovska
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatopathology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Lynne Napatalung
- Pfizer, New York, NY, USA; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Grant AH, Rodriguez AC, Rodriguez Moncivais OJ, Sun S, Li L, Mohl JE, Leung MY, Kirken RA, Rodriguez G. JAK1 Pseudokinase V666G Mutant Dominantly Impairs JAK3 Phosphorylation and IL-2 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076805. [PMID: 37047778 PMCID: PMC10095075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Overactive Janus kinases (JAKs) are known to drive leukemia, making them well-suited targets for treatment. We sought to identify new JAK-activating mutations and instead found a JAK1-inactivating pseudokinase mutation, V666G. In contrast to other pseudokinase mutations that canonically lead to an active kinase, the JAK1 V666G mutation led to under-activation seen by reduced phosphorylation. To understand the functional role of JAK1 V666G in modifying kinase activity we investigated its influence on other JAK kinases and within the Interleukin-2 pathway. JAK1 V666G not only inhibited its own activity, but its presence could inhibit other JAK kinases. These findings provide new insights into the potential of JAK1 pseudokinase to modulate its own activity, as well as of other JAK kinases. Thus, the features of the JAK1 V666 region in modifying JAK kinases can be exploited to allosterically inhibit overactive JAKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice H. Grant
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Alejandro C. Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Omar J. Rodriguez Moncivais
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Shengjie Sun
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Jonathon E. Mohl
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Ming-Ying Leung
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Robert A. Kirken
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Georgialina Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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Sun Q, Zhang J, Wang J, Wang H, Gao Z, Liu H. Janus kinase 1 in Megalobrama amblycephala: Identification, phylogenetic analysis and expression profiling after Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108620. [PMID: 36841516 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), a member of the JAK family, plays an essential and non-redundant role in the mammalian immune system. However, the potential role of JAK1 in fish immune response remains largely unclear. In the present study, the JAK1 gene of Megalobrama amblycephala (MamJAK1) was identified and characterized. The open reading frame (ORF) of MamJAK1 was 3462 bp, encoding 1153 amino acids. MamJAK1 consists of four common domains of the JAK family, including B41, SH2, STyrKc (a pseudo kinase domain), and TyrKc (a kinase domain). Phylogenetic analysis showed that JAK1s are divided into two evolutionary clades, one containing fish JAK1s, and the other containing JAK1s from other vertebrates. The results of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) showed that in healthy M. amblycephala, MamJAK1 mRNA was highest expressed in blood, followed by spleen, intestine and mid-kidney, and lowly expressed in other tissues including gill, liver, head kidney, muscle, brain and heart. After Aeromonas hydrophila infection, the expression of MamJAK1 mRNA was significantly induced in four selected tissues including spleen, mid-kidney, liver and intestine, reaching a peak at 24 hpi (hour post infection) in spleen and mid-kidney, at 12 hpi in liver and at 4 hpi in intestine, and then the expression level was restricted to control levels at 72 or 120 hpi. In addition, the results of Western blot showed that the phosphorylation level of MamJAK1 protein in spleen and mid-kidney increased significantly after A. hydrophila infection, although MamJAK1 protein did not change obviously. Further, the JAK1 phosphorylation in Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney (CIK) cells was found to be significantly induced by LPS stimulation and IL-6R over-expression. The results above suggest that MamJAK1 may play an essential role in the immune response against bacterial infection through the IL-6R mediated JAK1/STAT signaling pathway, which further deepen our understanding of JAK1 and provides a potential target for the treatment and prevention of bacterial diseases in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Sun
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education / Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education / Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jixiu Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education / Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huanling Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education / Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zexia Gao
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education / Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair / Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education / Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Güngör İ, Yadigaroğlu M, Akpınar ÇK, Güzel M, Akyüz MF, Yanık HT, Görgün S, Yücel M. Evaluation of Serum Secretoneurin Levels in Patients With Ischemic Stroke Who Underwent Mechanical Thrombectomy. Cureus 2023; 15:e36705. [PMID: 37113363 PMCID: PMC10129046 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke is a focal or global cerebral dysfunction of vascular origin; its treatment aims to provide reperfusion. Secretoneurin is a hypoxia-sensitive biomarker found in high concentrations in brain tissue. We aim to determine secretoneurin levels in patients with ischemic stroke, examine how secretoneurin levels change in the mechanical thrombectomy group, and evaluate the correlation with disease severity and prognosis. Methods Twenty-two patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke in the emergency department underwent mechanical thrombectomy, and twenty healthy volunteers were included in the study. Serum secretoneurin levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Secretoneurin levels were measured at the 0th hour, 12th hour, and 5th day in patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy. Results Serum secretoneurin levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in the patient group (7.43 ng/mL) compared to the control group (5.90 ng/mL) (p=0.023). The secretoneurin levels of the patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy were 7.43 ng/mL, 7.04 ng/mL, and 8.65 ng/mL, measured at the 0th hour, 12th hour, and 5th day, respectively, and no significant difference was detected in all three time periods (p=0.142). Conclusion Secretoneurin appears to be a useful biomarker in the diagnosis of stroke. However, it was found that there was no prognostic value in the mechanical thrombectomy group, and it was not correlated with the severity of the disease.
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Kola-Mustapha AT, Raji MA, Adedeji O, Ambrose GO. Network Pharmacology and Molecular Modeling to Elucidate the Potential Mechanism of Neem Oil against Acne vulgaris. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062849. [PMID: 36985821 PMCID: PMC10056471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common skin disorder with a complicated etiology. Papules, lesions, comedones, blackheads, and other skin lesions are common physical manifestations of Acne vulgaris, but the individual who has it also regularly has psychological repercussions. Natural oils are being utilized more and more to treat skin conditions since they have fewer negative effects and are expected to provide benefits. Using network pharmacology, this study aims to ascertain if neem oil has any anti-acne benefits and, if so, to speculate on probable mechanisms of action for such effects. The neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) were collected, verified, authenticated, and assigned a voucher number. After steam distillation was used to extract the neem oil, the phytochemical components of the oil were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The components of the oil were computationally examined for drug-likeness using Lipinski's criteria. The Pharm Mapper service was used to anticipate the targets. Prior to pathway and protein-protein interaction investigations, molecular docking was performed to predict binding affinity. Neem oil was discovered to be a potential target for STAT1, CSK, CRABP2, and SYK genes in the treatment of Acne vulgaris. In conclusion, it was discovered that the neem oil components with PubChem IDs: ID_610088 (2-(1-adamantyl)-N-methylacetamide), ID_600826 (N-benzyl-2-(2-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide), and ID_16451547 (N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(1-phenyltetrazol-5-yl)sulfanylpropanamide) have strong affinities for these drug targets and may thus be used as therapeutic agents in the treatment of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeola Tawakalitu Kola-Mustapha
- College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University Riyadh, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240101, Nigeria
| | - Muhabat Adeola Raji
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Oluwakorede Adedeji
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240101, Nigeria
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