1
|
Valverde A, George A, Nares S, Naqvi AR. Emerging therapeutic strategies targeting bone signaling pathways in periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 39044454 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial immune-mediated disease exacerbated by dysregulated alveolar bone homeostasis. Timely intervention is crucial for disease management to prevent tooth loss. To successfully manage periodontitis, it is imperative to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis to develop novel treatment modalities. Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) such as subgingival instrumentation/debridement has been the underlying treatment strategy over the past decades. However, new NSPT approaches that target key signaling pathways regulating alveolar bone homeostasis have shown positive clinical outcomes. This narrative review aims to discuss endogenous bone homeostasis mechanisms impaired in periodontitis and highlight the clinical outcomes of preventive periodontal therapy to avoid invasive periodontal therapies. Although the anti-resorptive therapeutic adjuncts have demonstrated beneficial outcomes, adverse events have been reported. Diverse immunomodulatory therapies targeting the osteoblast/osteoclast (OB/OC) axis have shown promising outcomes in vivo. Future controlled randomized clinical trials (RCT) would help clinicians and patients in the selection of novel preventing therapies targeting key molecules to effectively treat or prevent periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Valverde
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anne George
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Salvador Nares
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Afsar R Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Farhad SZ, Karbalaeihasanesfahani A, Dadgar E, Nasiri K, Esfahaniani M, Nabi Afjadi M. The role of periodontitis in cancer development, with a focus on oral cancers. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:814. [PMID: 39008163 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a severe gum infection that begins as gingivitis and can lead to gum recession, bone loss, and tooth loss if left untreated. It is primarily caused by bacterial infection, which triggers inflammation and the formation of periodontal pockets. Notably, periodontitis is associated with systemic health issues and has been linked to heart disease, diabetes, respiratory diseases, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and cancers. Accordingly, the presence of chronic inflammation and immune system dysregulation in individuals with periodontitis significantly contributes to the initiation and progression of various cancers, particularly oral cancers. These processes promote genetic mutations, impair DNA repair mechanisms, and create a tumor-supportive environment. Moreover, the bacteria associated with periodontitis produce harmful byproducts and toxins that directly damage the DNA within oral cells, exacerbating cancer development. In addition, chronic inflammation not only stimulates cell proliferation but also inhibits apoptosis, causes DNA damage, and triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, these factors play a crucial role in the progression of cancer in individuals affected by periodontitis. Further, specific viral and bacterial agents, such as hepatitis B and C viruses, human papillomavirus (HPV), Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), and Porphyromonas gingivalis, contribute to cancer development through distinct mechanisms. Bacterial infections have systemic implications for cancer development, while viral infections provoke immune and inflammatory responses that can lead to genetic mutations. This review will elucidate the link between periodontitis and cancers, particularly oral cancers, exploring their underlying mechanisms to provide insights for future research and treatment advancements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Zahra Farhad
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan(Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Esmaeel Dadgar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kamyar Nasiri
- Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahla Esfahaniani
- Faculty of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Nabi Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao Y, Liu Y, Jia L. Gut microbial dysbiosis and inflammation: Impact on periodontal health. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38991951 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is widely acknowledged as the most prevalent type of oral inflammation, arising from the dynamic interplay between oral pathogens and the host's immune responses. It is also recognized as a contributing factor to various systemic diseases. Dysbiosis of the oral microbiota can significantly alter the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota. Researchers have delved into the links between periodontitis and systemic diseases through the "oral-gut" axis. However, whether the associations between periodontitis and the gut microbiota are simply correlative or driven by causative mechanistic interactions remains uncertain. This review investigates how dysbiosis of the gut microbiota impacts periodontitis, drawing on existing preclinical and clinical data. This study highlights potential mechanisms of this interaction, including alterations in subgingival microbiota, oral mucosal barrier function, neutrophil activity, and abnormal T-cell recycling, and offers new perspectives for managing periodontitis, especially in cases linked to systemic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhao
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Jia
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Q, Wang D, Xiao C, Wang H, Dong S. Advances in Hydrogels for Periodontitis Treatment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2742-2761. [PMID: 38639082 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common condition characterized by a bacterial infection and the disruption of the body's immune-inflammatory response, which causes damage to the teeth and supporting tissues and eventually results in tooth loss. Current therapy involves the systemic and local administration of antibiotics. However, the existing treatments cannot exert effective, sustained release and maintain an effective therapeutic concentration of the drug at the lesion site. Hydrogels are used to treat periodontitis due to their low cytotoxicity, exceptional water retention capability, and controlled drug release profile. Hydrogels can imitate the extracellular matrix of periodontal cells while offering suitable sites to load antibiotics. This article reviews the utilization of hydrogels for periodontitis therapy based on the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of the disease. Additionally, the latest therapeutic strategies for smart hydrogels and the main techniques for hydrogel preparation have been discussed. The information will aid in designing and preparing future hydrogels for periodontitis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Li
- The First Outpatient Department, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Di Wang
- The First Outpatient Department, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Shujun Dong
- The First Outpatient Department, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alrumaih S, Alshibani N, Alssum L, Alshehri FA, AlMayrifi MA, AlMayouf M, Alrahlah A, Bautista LSJ. The impact of Resolvin E1 on bone regeneration in critical-sized calvarial defects of rat model-A gene expression and micro-CT analysis. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:195-203. [PMID: 37947141 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate, in vivo, the effect of local application of Resolvin E1 (RvE1) on the bone regeneration of critical-size defects (CSDs) in Wistar rats utilizing gene expression and micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis. BACKGROUND The inflammation-resolving actions of RvE1 are well established. The molecular mechanism of its bone-regenerative actions has been of significant interest in recent years; however, there is limited information regarding the same. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty Wistar rats with a 5 mm induced critical-size calvarial defect were randomly allocated into four groups: no treatment/negative control (n = 5), treatment using bovine bone grafts/positive control (n = 5), treatment using local delivery of RvE1 (n = 11) and treatment using RvE1 mixed with bovine bone graft (n = 9). After 4 weeks, RNA isolation, complementary DNA synthesis and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used for genetic expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN). The rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks and micro-CT imaging was performed to analyse the characteristics of the newly formed bone (NFB). The data were analysed using ANOVA and the least significant difference tests (α ≤ .05). RESULTS The RvE1 + bovine graft group had statistically highest mean NFB (20.75 ± 2.67 mm3 ) compared to other groups (p < .001). Similarly, RvE1 + bovine graft group also demonstrated statistically highest mean genetic expression of ALP (31.71 ± 2.97; p = .008) and OPN (34.78 ± 3.62; p < .001) compared to negative control and RvE1 groups. CONCLUSION Resolvin E1 with adjunct bovine bone graft demonstrated an enhanced bone regeneration compared to RvE1 or bovine graft alone in the calvarial defect of Wistar rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alrumaih
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Hail Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alshibani
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamees Alssum
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Alshehri
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A AlMayrifi
- Prince Naif bin Abdulaziz Center for Health Research, Experimental Surgery and Animal Laboratory, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed AlMayouf
- General Director of Medical Services, Al Nakheel Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alrahlah
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonel S J Bautista
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mosaddad SA, Hussain A, Tebyaniyan H. Exploring the Use of Animal Models in Craniofacial Regenerative Medicine: A Narrative Review. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024; 30:29-59. [PMID: 37432898 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The craniofacial region contains skin, bones, cartilage, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), teeth, periodontal tissues, mucosa, salivary glands, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. Applying tissue engineering therapeutically helps replace lost tissues after trauma or cancer. Despite recent advances, it remains essential to standardize and validate the most appropriate animal models to effectively translate preclinical data to clinical situations. Therefore, this review focused on applying various animal models in craniofacial tissue engineering and regeneration. This research was based on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar data available until January 2023. This study included only English-language publications describing animal models' application in craniofacial tissue engineering (in vivo and review studies). Study selection was based on evaluating titles, abstracts, and full texts. The total number of initial studies was 6454. Following the screening process, 295 articles remained on the final list. Numerous in vivo studies have shown that small and large animal models can benefit clinical conditions by assessing the efficacy and safety of new therapeutic interventions, devices, and biomaterials in animals with similar diseases/defects to humans. Different species' anatomical, physiologic, and biological features must be considered in developing innovative, reproducible, and discriminative experimental models to select an appropriate animal model for a specific tissue defect. As a result, understanding the parallels between human and veterinary medicine can benefit both fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- School of Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Department of Science and Research, Islimic Azade University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abdulkareem AA, Al-Taweel FB, Al-Sharqi AJ, Gul SS, Sha A, Chapple IL. Current concepts in the pathogenesis of periodontitis: from symbiosis to dysbiosis. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2197779. [PMID: 37025387 PMCID: PMC10071981 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2197779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary etiological agent for the initiation and progression of periodontal disease is the dental plaque biofilm which is an organized aggregation of microorganisms residing within a complex intercellular matrix. The non-specific plaque hypothesis was the first attempt to explain the role of the dental biofilm in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. However, the introduction of sophisticated diagnostic and laboratory assays has led to the realisation that the development of periodontitis requires more than a mere increase in the biomass of dental plaque. Indeed, multispecies biofilms exhibit complex interactions between the bacteria and the host. In addition, not all resident microorganisms within the biofilm are pathogenic, since beneficial bacteria exist that serve to maintain a symbiotic relationship between the plaque microbiome and the host’s immune-inflammatory response, preventing the emergence of pathogenic microorganisms and the development of dysbiosis. This review aims to highlight the development and structure of the dental plaque biofilm and to explore current literature on the transition from a healthy (symbiotic) to a diseased (dysbiotic) biofilm in periodontitis and the associated immune-inflammatory responses that drive periodontal tissue destruction and form mechanistic pathways that impact other systemic non-communicable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Abdulkareem
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- CONTACT Ali A. Abdulkareem College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Firas B. Al-Taweel
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali J.B. Al-Sharqi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sarhang S. Gul
- College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Aram Sha
- College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Iain L.C. Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu YC, Yu N, Rivas C, Mehrnia N, Kantarci A, Van Dyke T. RvE1 Promotes Axin2+ Cell Regeneration and Reduces Bacterial Invasion. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1478-1487. [PMID: 37837227 PMCID: PMC10767698 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231197156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vital pulp therapy and root canal therapy (RCT) are the dominant treatment for irreversible pulpitis. While the success rate of these procedures is favorable, they have some limitations. For instance, RCT leads to removing significant dentin in the coronal third of the tooth that increases root-fracture risk, which forces tooth removal. The ideal therapeutic goal is dental pulp regeneration, which is not achievable with RCT. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) are well known for inflammatory resolution. The resolution of inflammation and tissue restoration or regeneration is a dynamic and continuous process. SPMs not only have potent immune-modulating functions but also effectively promote tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Resolvins have been shown to promote dental pulp regeneration. The purpose of this study was to explore further the cellular target of Resolvin E1 (RvE1) therapy in dental pulp regeneration and the impact of RvE1 in infected pulps. We investigated the actions of RvE1 on experimentally exposed pulps with or without microbial infection in an Axin2Cre-Dox;Ai14 genetically defined mouse model. Our results showed RvE1 promoted Axin2-tdTomato+ cell expansion and odontoblastic differentiation after direct pulp capping in the mouse, which we used to mimic reversible pulpitis cases in the clinic. In cultured mouse dental pulp stem cells (mDPSCs), RvE1 facilitated Axin2-tdTomato+ cell proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation and also rescued impaired functions after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. In infected pulps exposed to the oral environment for 24 h, RvE1 suppressed inflammatory infiltration, reduced bacterial invasion in root canals, and prevented the development of apical periodontitis, while its proregenerative impact was limited. Collectively, topical treatment with RvE1 facilitated dental pulp regenerative properties by promoting Axin2-expressing cell proliferation and differentiation. It also modulated the resolution of inflammation, reduced infection severity, and prevented apical periodontitis, presenting RvE1 as a novel therapeutic for treating endodontic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y-C. Wu
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - N. Yu
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C.A. Rivas
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N. Mehrnia
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A. Kantarci
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T.E. Van Dyke
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Neprelyuk OA, Zhad'ko SI, Romanenko IG, Kriventsov MA. Adjunctive use of omega-3 fatty acids in combination with low-dose aspirin in periodontitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:1128-1138. [PMID: 37787044 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common dental diseases with a range of treatment approaches, including pathogenetically reasonable use of various host immune modulators. One such approach is the use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in combination with low-dose aspirin. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to compare the standard treatment alone and adjunctive use of omega-3 PUFAs in combination with low-dose aspirin with or without standard treatment in patients with periodontitis. A systematic review of the literature was performed using MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Central and Google Scholar databases. Selection criteria included the following: randomized controlled trials in subjects with periodontitis in the age group above 18 years old, with follow-up periods ranging from 6 weeks to 6 months. The meta-analysis was performed using standard methodological procedures according to Cochrane recommendations, including assessment of risk-of-bias and level of evidence (GRADE). Meta-analysis was performed for such clinical outcomes as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and bleeding index (BI) based on data from seven randomized clinical trials conducted between 2010 and 2020. It was shown that adjunctive use of omega-3 PUFAs in combination with low-dose aspirin results in significant clinical improvement in PD, CAL and GI during both short and prolonged follow-up periods. The use of omega-3 PUFAs and low-dose aspirin in periodontitis patients may be promising as an adjunct therapy, however, due to a limited number of patients and significant heterogeneity, further studies need to be conducted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Neprelyuk
- Orthopedic Dentistry Department, Medical Academy named after SI Georgievsky, VI Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
| | - Sergey I Zhad'ko
- Orthopedic Dentistry Department, Medical Academy named after SI Georgievsky, VI Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
| | - Inessa G Romanenko
- Dentistry Department, Medical Academy named after SI Georgievsky, VI Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
| | - Maxim A Kriventsov
- Pathomorphology Department, Medical Academy named after SI Georgievsky, VI Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bozkurt SB, Hakki SS, Kantarci A. Differential effects of resolvin D1 and resolvin E1 on cementoblast function. J Periodontol 2023; 94:1351-1362. [PMID: 37322861 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resolvins are endogenous mediators of the resolution of inflammation. They are derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid precursors. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) and Resolvin E1 (RvE1) are the best-characterized members for actively promoting periodontal regeneration in experimental animal models. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of RvD1 and RvE1 on cementoblasts, the key cells involved in dental cementum regeneration and the attachment of the tooth to the alveolar bone. METHODS Immortalized mouse cementoblasts (OCCM-30) were treated with different concentrations (0.1-1000 ng/mL) of RvD1 and RvE1. Cell proliferation was measured using an electrical impedance-based real-time cell analyzer. Mineralization was evaluated with von Kossa staining. The mRNA expression of mineralized tissue-associated markers of bone sialoprotein (BSP), Type I collagen (COL I), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RunX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) (RANK), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), and extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1, TIMP-2)], RvE1 receptor (ChemR23) and RvD1 receptor (ALX/PFR2), cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha {TNF-α}, interleukin {IL}-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17), oxidative stress enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2)] were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS Both RvD1 and RvE1 (10-100 ng/mL) significantly increased the proliferation of cementoblasts and mineralized nodules at all concentrations (p < 0.05). RvE1 increased BSP, RunX2, and ALP compared with the RvD1 dose and time-dependently, while RvD1 and RvE1 differentially regulated COL-I. RvE1 increased OPG mRNA expression, whereas RANK-RANKL mRNA expression decreased by RvE1. MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 expressions were reduced by RvE1 compared with RvD1. Treatment of cementoblasts with RvD1 and RvE1 differentially affected cytokine and oxidative stress enzymes while significantly increasing their receptor expressions (ChemR23 and ALX/PFR2). CONCLUSIONS RvD1 and RvE1 regulate proliferation, mineralization, and gene expression in cementoblasts using similar pathways while differentially affecting tissue degradation, suggesting a targeted therapeutic approach for cementum turnover during periodontal regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serife Buket Bozkurt
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Sema Sezgin Hakki
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sahni V, Van Dyke TE. Immunomodulation of periodontitis with SPMs. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1288722. [PMID: 37927821 PMCID: PMC10623003 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1288722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a critical component in the pathophysiology of numerous disease processes, with most therapeutic modalities focusing on its inhibition in order to achieve treatment outcomes. The resolution of inflammation is a separate, distinct pathway that entails the reversal of the inflammatory process to a state of homoeostasis rather than selective inhibition of specific components of the inflammatory cascade. The discovery of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) resulted in a paradigm shift in our understanding of disease etiopathology. Periodontal disease, traditionally considered as one of microbial etiology, is now understood to be an inflammation-driven process associated with dysbiosis of the oral microbiome that may be modulated with SPMs to achieve therapeutic benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Sahni
- Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Thomas E. Van Dyke
- Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Faculty of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Metcalfe S, Panasiewicz M, Kay JG. Inflammatory macrophages exploited by oral streptococcus increase IL-1B release via NLRP6 inflammasome. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:347-357. [PMID: 37497744 PMCID: PMC10533225 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory periodontal disease develops in part from the infiltration of a large number of classically activated inflammatory macrophages that release inflammatory cytokines important for disease progression, including inflammasome-dependent interleukin (IL)-1β. Streptococcus gordonii is a normally commensal oral microorganism; while not causative, recent evidence indicates that commensal oral microbes are required for the full development of periodontal disease. We have recently reported that inflammatory macrophages counterintuitively allow for the increased survival of phagocytosed S. gordonii over nonactivated or alternatively activated macrophages. This survival is dependent on increased reactive oxygen species production within the phagosome of the inflammatory macrophages, and resistance by the bacterium and can result in S. gordonii damaging the phagolysosomes. Here, we show that activated macrophages infected with live S. gordonii release more IL-1β than non-activated macrophages infected with either live or dead S. gordonii, and that the survival of oral Streptococci are more dependent on macrophage activation than other Gram positive microbes, both classical pathogens and commensals. We also find that S. gordonii-dependent inflammatory macrophage inflammasome activation requires the cytoplasmic NLRP6. Overall, our results suggest S. gordonii is capable of evading immune destruction, increasing inflammatory mediators, and increasing inflammatory macrophage response, and that this ability is increased under conditions of inflammation. This work reveals additional mechanisms by which normally commensal oral streptococci-macrophage interactions can change, resulting in increased release of mature IL-1β, potentially contributing to an environment that perpetuates inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Metcalfe
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main street, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Michelle Panasiewicz
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main street, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Jason G Kay
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 3435 Main street, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Güvenç KK, Fentoğlu Ö, Calapoğlu M, Aksoy F, Orhan H. Periodontal and cardiovascular therapies modify specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator (sPRLM) (LPXA4, PD1, RvE1, RvD1, and MaR1)-mediated pathway: the first pilot clinical study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5549-5558. [PMID: 37535198 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and periodontal disease have a common pathogenesis with inflammation and resolution steps. Although the relationships among periodontal disease, CVD, and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator (sPRLM)s are well known, there is no study about the combined effects of cardiovascular and periodontal treatments on sPRLM levels. It was aimed to evaluate the effects of periodontal and cardiovascular therapies on sPRLMs (lipoxin A4, protectin (PD)1, resolvin (Rv) E1, RvD1, and maresin (MaR)1) in patients with CVD and periodontal disease. METHODS This observational study consisted of fifty-five patients with CVD and mild or moderate periodontitis. The clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, percentage of bleeding on probing, and clinical attachment level) and blood and unstimulated total saliva samples were obtained at baseline, at 3 months (following only cardiovascular therapy), and at 6 months (following cardiovascular and periodontal therapies). The blood count and serum levels of cardiometabolic biomarkers (white blood cell, neutrophil/lymphocyte, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, and low and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels) were evaluated. sPRLMs were evaluated by ELISA. RESULTS There were significant decreases in body mass index, clinical periodontal parameters, WBC, LDL, PD1, and RvD1 at 6 months compared to baseline. The decreases in TC/HDL, RvE1, and MaR1 levels were significant at 3 and 6 months compared to baseline (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION(S) The combination of cardiovascular and periodontal treatments leads to significant reductions in clinical periodontal and cardiometabolic parameters and sPRLMs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our report, which is the first in their field, suggested that cardiovascular and periodontal therapies provide an important contribution via decreasing the periodontal and atherosclerotic inflammation modulating sPRLMs. This finding will be a big step toward increasing the quality of life in these patients by drawing attention to importance of public health associated with oral hygiene, periodontal health, and systemic phase of periodontal treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Karakoç Güvenç
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Özlem Fentoğlu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Calapoğlu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Fatih Aksoy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Orhan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Isparta, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee CT, Tribble GD. Roles of specialized pro-resolving mediators and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in periodontal inflammation and impact on oral microbiota. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1217088. [PMID: 37559676 PMCID: PMC10409488 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1217088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease induced by dysbiotic dental biofilms. Management of periodontitis is primarily anti-bacterial via mechanical removal of bacterial biofilm. The successful resolution requires wound healing and tissue regeneration, which are not always achieved with these traditional methods. The discovery of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), a class of lipid mediators that induce the resolution of inflammation and promote local tissue homeostasis, creates another option for the treatment of periodontitis and other diseases of chronic inflammation. In this mini-review, we discuss the host-modulatory effects of SPMs on periodontal tissues and changes in the taxonomic composition of the gut and oral microbiome in the presence of SPMs and SPM precursor lipids. Further research into the relationship between host SPM production and microbiome-SPM modification has the potential to unveil new diagnostic markers of inflammation and wound healing. Expanding this field may drive the discovery of microbial-derived bioactive therapeutics to modulate immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Teh Lee
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gena D. Tribble
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rasquel-Oliveira FS, Silva MDVD, Martelossi-Cebinelli G, Fattori V, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators: Endogenous Roles and Pharmacological Activities in Infections. Molecules 2023; 28:5032. [PMID: 37446699 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During an infection, inflammation mobilizes immune cells to eliminate the pathogen and protect the host. However, inflammation can be detrimental when exacerbated and/or chronic. The resolution phase of the inflammatory process is actively orchestrated by the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), generated from omega-3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that bind to different G-protein coupled receptors to exert their activity. As immunoresolvents, SPMs regulate the influx of leukocytes to the inflammatory site, reduce cytokine and chemokine levels, promote bacterial clearance, inhibit the export of viral transcripts, enhance efferocytosis, stimulate tissue healing, and lower antibiotic requirements. Metabolomic studies have evaluated SPM levels in patients and animals during infection, and temporal regulation of SPMs seems to be essential to properly coordinate a response against the microorganism. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on SPM biosynthesis and classifications, endogenous production profiles and their effects in animal models of bacterial, viral and parasitic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S Rasquel-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Matheus Deroco Veloso da Silva
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Geovana Martelossi-Cebinelli
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Victor Fattori
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Science, Londrina State University, Londrina 86038-440, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abdalla HB, Alvarez C, Wu YC, Rojas P, Hammock BD, Maddipati KR, Trindade-da-Silva CA, Soares MQS, Clemente-Napimoga JT, Kantarci A, Napimoga MH, Van Dyke TE. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition enhances production of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator and promotes macrophage plasticity. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:1597-1615. [PMID: 36508312 PMCID: PMC10175184 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and other epoxy fatty acids (EpFA) are lipid mediators that are rapidly inactivated by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Uncontrolled and chronic inflammatory disorders fail to sufficiently activate endogenous regulatory pathways, including the production of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). Here, we addressed the relationship between SPMs and the EET/sEH axis and explored the effects of sEH inhibition on resolving macrophage phenotype. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were treated with a sEH inhibitor, EETs, or sEH inhibitor + EETs (combination) before ligature placement to induce experimental periodontitis. Using RT-qPCR, gingival samples were used to examine SPM receptors and osteolytic and inflammatory biomarkers. Maxillary alveolar bone loss was quantified by micro-CT and methylene blue staining. SPM levels were analysed by salivary metabolo-lipidomics. Gingival macrophage phenotype plasticity was determined by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry. Effects of sEH inhibition on macrophage polarization and SPM production were assessed with bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). KEY RESULTS Pharmacological inhibition of sEH suppressed bone resorption and the inflammatory cytokine storm in experimental periodontitis. Lipidomic analysis revealed that sEH inhibition augmented levels of LXA4, RvE1, RvE2, and 4-HDoHE, concomitant with up-regulation of LTB4R1, CMKLR1/ChemR23, and ALX/FPR2 SPM receptors. Notably, there is an impact on gingival macrophage plasticity was affected suggesting an inflammation resolving phenotype with sEH inhibition. In BMDMs, sEH inhibition reduced inflammatory macrophage activation, and resolving macrophages were triggered to produce SPMs. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Pharmacological sEH inhibition increased SPM synthesis associated with resolving macrophages, suggesting a potential target to control osteolytic inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique B Abdalla
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisa São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carla Alvarez
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yu-Chiao Wu
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paola Rojas
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Carlos Antonio Trindade-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisa São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mariana Q S Soares
- Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisa São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Juliana T Clemente-Napimoga
- Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisa São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcelo H Napimoga
- Laboratory of Neuroimmune Interface of Pain Research, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisa São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Eltay EG, Van Dyke T. Resolution of inflammation in oral diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2023:108453. [PMID: 37244405 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The resolution of inflammation is an essential endogenous process that protects host tissues from an exaggerated chronic inflammatory response. Multiple interactions between host cells and resident oral microbiome regulate the protective functions that lead to inflammation in the oral cavity. Failure of appropriate regulation of inflammation can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases that result from an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution mediators. Thus, failure of the host to resolve inflammation can be considered an essential pathological mechanism for progression from the late stages of acute inflammation to a chronic inflammatory response. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), which are essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-derived autacoid mediators, aid in regulating the endogenous inflammation resolving process by stimulating immune cell-mediated clearance of apoptotic polymorphonuclear neutrophils, cellular debris, and microbes, restricting further neutrophil tissue infiltration, and counter-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The SPM superfamily contains four specialized lipid mediator families: lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins that can activate resolution pathways. Understanding the crosstalk between resolution signals in the tissue response to injury has therapeutic application potential for preventing, maintaining, and regenerating chronically damaged tissues. Here, we discuss the fundamental concepts of resolution as an active biochemical process, novel concepts demonstrating the role of resolution mediators in tissue regeneration in periodontal and pulpal diseases, and future directions for therapeutic applications with particular emphasis on periodontal therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiba G Eltay
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thomas Van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States; Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hajishengallis G. Illuminating the oral microbiome and its host interactions: animal models of disease. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad018. [PMID: 37113021 PMCID: PMC10198557 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis and caries are driven by complex interactions between the oral microbiome and host factors, i.e. inflammation and dietary sugars, respectively. Animal models have been instrumental in our mechanistic understanding of these oral diseases, although no single model can faithfully reproduce all aspects of a given human disease. This review discusses evidence that the utility of an animal model lies in its capacity to address a specific hypothesis and, therefore, different aspects of a disease can be investigated using distinct and complementary models. As in vitro systems cannot replicate the complexity of in vivo host-microbe interactions and human research is typically correlative, model organisms-their limitations notwithstanding-remain essential in proving causality, identifying therapeutic targets, and evaluating the safety and efficacy of novel treatments. To achieve broader and deeper insights into oral disease pathogenesis, animal model-derived findings can be synthesized with data from in vitro and clinical research. In the absence of better mechanistic alternatives, dismissal of animal models on fidelity issues would impede further progress to understand and treat oral disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Stańdo-Retecka M, Piatek P, Namiecinska M, Bonikowski R, Lewkowicz P, Lewkowicz N. Clinical and microbiological outcomes of subgingival instrumentation supplemented with high-dose omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in periodontal treatment - a randomized clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:290. [PMID: 37179297 PMCID: PMC10182874 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the impact of dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) combined with scaling and root planing (SRP) in untreated periodontitis stage III and IV. METHODS Forty patients were randomly assigned to the test group receiving SRP plus omega-3 PUFAs (n = 20) or control group receiving SRP alone (n = 20). Clinical changes of pocket probing depths (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and rates of closed pockets (PPD ≤ 4 mm without BOP) were evaluated at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. Phorphyromonas gingivalis, Tanarella forsythia, Treponema denticola and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans counts were analysed at baseline and at 6 months. Serum was subjected to lipid gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis at baseline and at 6 months. RESULTS Significant improvement of all clinical parameters at 3 and 6 months was observed in both groups. For the primary outcome "change of mean PD," no significant difference was detected between the groups. Patients treated with omega-3 PUFAs demonstrated significantly lower rates of BOP, higher gain of CAL and higher number of closed pockets at 3 months in comparison to the control group. After 6 months, no clinical differences between the groups were found, with the exception of lower BOP rates. Moreover, in the test group, the number of key periodontal bacteria was significantly lower than in the control group at 6 months. Increased proportions of serum n-3 PUFAs and decreased proportions of n-6 PUFAs were detected at 6 months in the patients from the test group. CONCLUSION High-dose omega-3 PUFA intake during non-surgical treatment of periodontitis results in short-term clinical and microbiological benefits. The study protocol was approved by the ethical committee of Medical University of Lodz (reference number RNN/251/17/KE) and registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04477395) on 20/07/2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Stańdo-Retecka
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Pomorska 251, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Piatek
- Department of Immunogenetics, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Pomorska 251/A4, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Namiecinska
- Department of Immunogenetics, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Pomorska 251/A4, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Bonikowski
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Lodz University of Technology, Ul. Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Lewkowicz
- Department of Immunogenetics, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Pomorska 251/A4, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Lewkowicz
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Pomorska 251, 92-213, Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zarrough AE, Hasturk H, Stephens DN, Van Dyke TE, Kantarci A. Resolvin D1 modulates periodontal ligament fibroblast function. J Periodontol 2023; 94:683-693. [PMID: 36416879 PMCID: PMC10354588 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resolution of inflammation is an active process mediated by specialized lipid mediators called lipoxins and resolvins. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) play a significant role in periodontal regeneration. The purpose of the current study was to determine the impact of resolvin D1 (RvD1) on human PDLF cell wound healing and proliferation, receptor expression (G-protein-coupled receptor 32 [GPR32] and formyl peptide receptor 2 [ALX/FPR2]), and cytokine expression and release. METHODS PDLFs were stimulated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (500 pg/ml) with and without RvD1 (100 nM). RvD1 receptor expression was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunofluorescence microscopy, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Wound closure was measured by a scratch assay, and proliferation was determined by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinases-1, -2, and -3 (MMP-1, -2, and -3), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 and -2 (TIMP-1 and -2), prostaglandin E2, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene expression and production were measured using qPCR and Western blotting, multiplex immunoassay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS PDLF expressed GPR32 and ALX/FPR2. RvD1 reversed IL-1β-induced inhibition of wound healing and proliferation of PDLF. IL-1β also induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines and MMPs. This effect was reversed by RvD1. RvD1 reversed IL-1β-induced inhibition of TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and OPG. CONCLUSION The data suggested that RvD1 has a pro-wound healing, proliferative, and anti-inflammatory impact on the PDLF that favors periodontal regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E. Zarrough
- Missouri School of Dentistry & Oral Health, A.T. Still University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hatice Hasturk
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Danielle N. Stephens
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas E. Van Dyke
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pai SI, Matheus HR, Guastaldi FPS. Effects of periodontitis on cancer outcomes in the era of immunotherapy. THE LANCET HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2023; 4:e166-e175. [PMID: 37003275 PMCID: PMC10148268 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis results from dysbiosis of the oral microbiome and affects up to 70% of US adults aged 65 years and older. More than 50 systemic inflammatory disorders and comorbidities are associated with periodontitis, many of which overlap with immunotherapy-associated toxicities. Despite the increasing use of immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer, uncertainty remains as to whether the microbial shift associated with periodontal disease can influence response rates and tolerance to cancer immunotherapy. We herein review the pathophysiology of periodontitis and the local and systemic inflammatory conditions related to oral dysbiosis, and discuss the overlapping adverse profiles of periodontitis and immunotherapy. The effects of the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a key pathogen in periodontitis, highlight how the oral microbiome can affect the hosts' systemic immune responses, and further research into the local and systemic influence of other microorganisms causing periodontal disease is necessary. Addressing periodontitis in an ageing population of people with cancer could have potential implications for the clinical response to (and tolerability of) immunotherapy and warrants further investigation.
Collapse
|
22
|
Classes of Lipid Mediators and Their Effects on Vascular Inflammation in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021637. [PMID: 36675152 PMCID: PMC9863938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It is commonly believed that the inactivation of inflammation is mainly due to the decay or cessation of inducers. In reality, in connection with the development of atherosclerosis, spontaneous decay of inducers is not observed. It is now known that lipid mediators originating from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are important constituents of all cell membranes, can act in the inflamed tissue and bring it to resolution. In fact, PUFAs, such as arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are precursors to both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory compounds. In this review, we describe the lipid mediators of vascular inflammation and resolution, and their biochemical activity. In addition, we highlight data from the literature that often show a worsening of atherosclerotic disease in subjects deficient in lipid mediators of inflammation resolution, and we also report on the anti-proteasic and anti-thrombotic properties of these same lipid mediators. It should be noted that despite promising data observed in both animal and in vitro studies, contradictory clinical results have been observed for omega-3 PUFAs. Many further studies will be required in order to clarify the observed conflicts, although lifestyle habits such as smoking or other biochemical factors may often influence the normal synthesis of lipid mediators of inflammation resolution.
Collapse
|
23
|
Hamdan N, Bhagirath AY, Batista EL. Sphingosine kinase activity and sphingosine-1-phosphate in the inflamed human periodontium. Oral Dis 2023; 29:265-273. [PMID: 34370362 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated changes in the levels of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) and Sphingosine Kinase (SPHK) activity in response to non-surgical periodontal treatment in humans. METHODS Diseased (n = 65) and healthy sites (n = 72) were screened in 18 patients with localized periodontitis stage II or III. Periodontal clinical parameters were recorded, and the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) collected at baseline, 30 and 90 days of non-surgical treatment. Internal control sites without attachment loss/bleeding were sampled at baseline and after 90 days of treatment. SPHK activity and S1P levels and SPHK 1/2 isoforms were determined in the GCF at different time points using ELISA. RESULTS Non-surgical treatment caused significant improvement in all periodontal clinical parameters (p < 0.01). Activity of SPHK and S1P levels was decreased (p < 0.05) 30 days after treatment and continued up to 90 days (p < 0.01); control sites remained unchanged throughout the study and resembled treated sites at 3 months (p > 0.05). SPHK1 levels presented decrease after periodontal treatment (p < 0.001). SPHK2 levels were lower than SPHK1 (p < 0.001) and remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS S1P levels and SPHK activity decreased within 3 months of non-surgical periodontal treatment, which were correlated with improvements in periodontal parameters. Only SPHK1 levels varied significantly in the states of health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nader Hamdan
- Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, Division of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Anjali Y Bhagirath
- Department of Oral Biology, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Eraldo L Batista
- Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, Division of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Dental Diagnostics and Surgical Sciences, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Specialized Proresolving Lipid Mediators on Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010122. [PMID: 36611915 PMCID: PMC9818697 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An interconnection between tissue inflammation and regeneration has been established through the regulation of defense and repair mechanisms within diseased dental tissue triggered by the release of immune-resolvent mediators. To better our understanding of the role of specific pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) in inflamed human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs), we studied the effects of Resolvin E1 (RvE1) and Maresin 1 (MaR1) in lipopoly-saccharide (LPS) stimulated hBMMSCs. The hBMMSCs were divided into five different groups, each of which was treated with or without SPMs. Group-1: negative control (no LPS stimulation), Group-2: positive control (LPS-stimulated), Group-3: RvE1 100 nM + 1 μg/mL LPS, Group-4: MaR1 100 nM + 1 µg/mL LPS, and Group-5: RvE1 100 nM + MaR1100 nM + 1 μg/mL LPS. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, colony formation, Western blotting, cytokine array, and LC/MS analysis were all performed on each group to determine the impact of SPMs on inflammatory stem cells. According to our data, RvE1 plus MaR1 effectively reduced inflammation in hBMMSCs. In particular, IL-4, 1L-10, and TGF-β1 activation and downregulation of RANKL, TNF-α, and IFN-γ compared to groups receiving single SPM were shown to be significantly different (Group 3 and 4). In addition, the LC/MS analysis revealed the differentially regulated peptide's role in immunological pathways that define the cellular state against inflammation. Inflamed hBMMSCs treated with a combination of Resolvin E1 (RvE1) and Maresin 1 (MaR1) promoted the highest inflammatory resolution compared to the other groups; this finding suggests a potential new approach of treating bacterially induced dental infections.
Collapse
|
25
|
Jiang X, Liu J, Li S, Qiu Y, Wang X, He X, Pedersen TØ, Mustafa K, Xue Y, Mustafa M, Kantarci A, Xing Z. The effect of resolvin D1 on bone regeneration in a rat calvarial defect model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:987-997. [PMID: 35980287 DOI: 10.1002/term.3345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is a pro-resolving lipid mediator of inflammation, endogenously synthesized from omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of RvD1 on bone regeneration using a rat calvarial defect model. Collagen 3D nanopore scaffold (COL) and Pluronic F127 hydrogel (F127) incorporated with RvD1 (RvD1-COL-F127 group) or COL and F127 (COL-F127 group) were implanted in symmetrical calvarial defects. After implantation, RvD1 was administrated subcutaneously every 7 days for 4 weeks. The rats were sacrificed at weeks 1 and 8 post-implantation. Tissue samples were analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and histology at week 1. Radiographical and histological analyses were done at week 8. At week 1, calvarial defects treated with RvD1 exhibited decreased numbers of inflammatory cells and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive cells, greater numbers of newly formed blood vessels, upregulated gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and alkaline phosphatase, and downregulated gene expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. At week 8, the radiographical results showed that osteoid area fraction of the RvD1-COL-F127 group was higher than that of the COL-F127 group, and histological examination exhibited enhanced osteoid formation and newly formed blood vessels in the RvD1-COL-F127 group. In conclusion, this study showed that RvD1 enhanced bone formation and vascularization in rat calvarial defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Jiang
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Si Li
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingfei Qiu
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Torbjørn Ø Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Manal Mustafa
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Western Norway, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard University, School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhe Xing
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Heyman O, Horev Y, Mizraji G, Haviv Y, Shapira L, Wilensky A. Excessive inflammatory response to infection in experimental peri-implantitis: Resolution by Resolvin D2. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:1217-1228. [PMID: 35762068 PMCID: PMC9804794 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aetiology and pathogenesis of peri-implantitis are currently under active research. This study aimed to dissect the pathogenesis of murine experimental peri-implantitis and assess Resolvin D2 (RvD2) as a new treatment modality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four weeks following titanium implant insertion, mice were infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis using single or multiple oral lavages. RvD2 was administrated following infection, and tissues were analysed using flow cytometry, quantitative RT-PCR, taxonomic profiling, and micro-computed tomography. RESULTS Repeated infections with Pg resulted in microbial dysbiosis and a higher influx of innate and adaptive leukocytes to the peri-implant mucosa (PIM) than to gingiva surrounding the teeth. This was accompanied by increased expression levels of IFN-α, IL-1β, and RANKL\OPG ratio. Interestingly, whereas repetitive infections resulted in bone loss around implants and teeth, a single infection induced bone loss only around implants, suggesting a higher susceptibility of the implants to infection. Treatment with RvD2 prevented Pg-driven bone loss and reduced leukocyte infiltration to the PIM. CONCLUSIONS Murine dental implants are associated with dysregulated local immunity and increase susceptibility to pathogen-induced peri-implantitis. However, the disease can be prevented by RvD2 treatment, highlighting the promising therapeutic potential of this treatment modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oded Heyman
- Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Yael Horev
- Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Gabriel Mizraji
- Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Yaron Haviv
- Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation and Maxillofacial Imaging, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Lior Shapira
- Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Asaf Wilensky
- Department of Periodontology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pamuk F, Kantarci A. Inflammation as a link between periodontal disease and obesity. Periodontol 2000 2022; 90:186-196. [PMID: 35916870 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition plays a critical role in the homeostatic balance, maintenance of health, and longevity. There is a close link between inflammatory diseases and nutritional health. Obesity is a severe pathological process with grave implications on several organ systems and disease processes, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. The impact of obesity on periodontal inflammation has not been fully understood; the association between nutritional balance and periodontal inflammation is much less explored. This review is focused on the potential mechanistic links between periodontal diseases and obesity and common inflammatory activity pathways that can be pharmacologically targeted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferda Pamuk
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jiang X, Xue Y, Mustafa M, Xing Z. An updated review of the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid- and docosahexaenoic acid-derived resolvins on bone preservation. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 160:106630. [PMID: 35263670 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Resolvins are biosynthesized from omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in vivo by means of enzymatic activities, and these factors can attenuate inflammation and promote tissue regeneration. Inflammatory bone disorders can lead to bone loss and thereby be harmful to human health. The link between bone preservation and resolvins has been discussed in some experimental studies. Significant evidence has shown that resolvins benefit bone health and bone preservation by promoting the resolution of inflammation and directly regulating osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Therefore, this review highlights the role and beneficial impact of resolvins derived from EPA and DHA on inflammatory bone disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. In addition, the mechanisms by which resolvins exert their beneficial effects on bone preservation have also been summarized based on the available literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Manal Mustafa
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Western Norway, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Zhe Xing
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bezerra B, Monajemzadeh S, Silva D, Pirih FQ. Modulating the Immune Response in Periodontitis. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.879131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition initiated by the accumulation of bacterial biofilm. It is highly prevalent and when left untreated can lead to tooth loss. The presence of bacterial biofilm is essential for the initiation of the inflammatory response but is not the sole initiator. Currently it is unknown which mechanisms drive the dysbiosis of the bacterial biofilm leading to the dysregulation of the inflammatory response. Other players in this equation include environmental, systemic, and genetic factors which can play a role in exacerbating the inflammatory response. Treatment of periodontal disease consists of removal of the bacterial biofilm with the goal of resolving the inflammatory response; however, this does not occur in every case. Understanding the way the inflammatory response does not return to a state of homeostasis has led investigators to consider both systemic and local pharmacological interventions. Nonetheless, a better understanding of the impact that genetics and environmental factors may have on the inflammatory response could be key to helping identify how inflammation can be modulated therefore stopping the destruction of the periodontium. In this article, we will explore the current evidence associating the microbial dysbiosis and the dysregulation of the immune response, potential mechanisms or pathways that may be targeted for the modulation of the inflammatory response, and discuss the advantages and drawbacks associated with local and systemic inflammatory modulation in the management of periodontal disease. This information will be valuable for those interested in understanding potential adjunct methods for managing periodontal diseases, but not limited to, dental professionals, clinical researchers and the public at large.
Collapse
|
30
|
Pharmacological Therapies for the Management of Inflammatory Bone Resorption in Periodontal Disease: A Review of Preclinical Studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5832009. [PMID: 35547360 PMCID: PMC9085331 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5832009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis, a highly prevalent multicausal chronic inflammatory and destructive disease, develops as a result of complex host-parasite interactions. Dysbiotic bacterial biofilm in contact with the gingival tissues initiates a cascade of inflammatory events, mediated and modulated by the host's immune response, which is characterized by increased expression of several inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines in the connective tissue. If periodontal disease (PD) is left untreated, it results in the destruction of the supporting tissues around the teeth, including periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone, which lead to a wide range of disabilities and poor quality of life, thus imposing significant burdens. This process depends on the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for reabsorbing the bone tissue. Therefore, the inhibition of differentiation or activity of these cells is a promising strategy for controlling bone resorption. Several pharmacological drugs that target osteoclasts and inflammatory cells with immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, such as bisphosphonates, anti-RANK-L antibody, strontium ranelate, cathepsin inhibitors, curcumin, flavonoids, specialized proresolving mediators, and probiotics, were already described to manage inflammatory bone resorption during experimental PD progression in preclinical studies. Meantime, a growing number of studies have described the beneficial effects of herbal products in inhibiting bone resorption in experimental PD. Therefore, this review summarizes the role of several pharmacological drugs used for PD prevention and treatment and highlights the targeted action of all those drugs with antiresorptive properties. In addition, our review provides a timely and critical appraisal for the scientific rationale use of the antiresorptive and immunomodulatory medications in preclinical studies, which will help to understand the basis for its clinical application.
Collapse
|
31
|
Resolution of inflammation: Intervention strategies and future applications. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 449:116089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
32
|
Papathanasiou E, Scott AR, Trotman CA, Beale C, Price LL, Huggins GS, Zhang Y, Georgakoudi I, Van Dyke TE. Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators Reduce Scarring After Cleft Lip Repair. Front Immunol 2022; 13:871200. [PMID: 35572588 PMCID: PMC9094441 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.871200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Residual scarring after cleft lip repair surgery remains a challenge for both surgeons and patients and novel therapeutics are critically needed. The objective of this preclinical experimental study was to evaluate the impact of the methyl-ester of pro-resolving lipid mediator lipoxin A4 (LXA4-ME) on scarring in a novel rabbit model of cleft lip repair. Methods A defect of the lip was surgically created and repaired in eight six-week old New Zealand white rabbits to simulate human cleft lip scars. Rabbits were randomly assigned to topical application of PBS (control) or 1 ug of LXA4-ME (treatment). 42 days post surgery all animals were euthanized. Photographs of the cleft lip area defect and histologic specimens were evaluated. Multiple scar assessment scales were used to compare scarring. Results Animals treated with LXA4-ME exhibited lower Visual Scar Assessment scores compared to animals treated with PBS. Treatment with LXA4-ME resulted in a significant reduction of inflammatory cell infiltrate and density of collagen fibers. Control animals showed reduced 2D directional variance (orientation) of collagen fibers compared to animals treated with LXA4-ME demonstrating thicker and more parallel collagen fibers, consistent with scar tissue. Conclusions These data suggest that LXA4-ME limits scarring after cleft lip repair and improves wound healing outcomes in rabbits favoring the resolution of inflammation. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms that underlie the positive therapeutic impact of LXA4-ME on scarring to set the stage for future human clinical trials of LXA4-ME for scar prevention or treatment after cleft lip repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Papathanasiou
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Andrew R. Scott
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Carroll Ann Trotman
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Corinna Beale
- Tufts Comparative Medicine Services, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lori Lyn Price
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
- Institute of Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gordon S. Huggins
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Cardiology Division, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Thomas E. Van Dyke
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu X, Wang C, Pang L, Pan L, Zhang Q. Combination of resolvin E1 and lipoxin A4 promotes the resolution of pulpitis by inhibiting NF-κB activation through upregulating sirtuin 7 in dental pulp fibroblasts. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13227. [PMID: 35411569 PMCID: PMC9136498 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine whether the combination of resolvin E1 (RvE1) and lipoxin A4 (LXA4) could promote resolution of pulpitis and to investigate the mechanism. Materials and Methods Preliminary screening was first conducted in four specialized pro‐resolving mediators (SPMs). Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and double‐immunofluorescence labelling were employed to assess the expression of RelA, SIRT1, SIRT6, SIRT7 and pro‐inflammatory factors. Dental pulp fibroblasts (DPFs) were transfected with siRNA to assess the biological role of SIRT7. A pulpitis model was utilized to evaluate the in vivo curative effect. Results Preliminary results showed that RvE1 and LXA4 reduced the expression of RelA more markedly than other two SPMs. Both RvE1 and LXA4 treatment downregulated nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) activation and increased the expression of SIRT1, SIRT6 and SIRT7, more so in combination than alone. Double‐immunofluorescence labelling showed that SIRT7 co‐localized with p‐p65 and Ac‐p65 in the nucleus. Inhibiting ChemR23 and ALX reversed the expression of RelA mRNA, p‐p65 and Ac‐p65 proteins, pro‐inflammatory factors, SIRT1, SIRT6 and SIRT7. Silencing SIRT7 significantly increased p‐p65 and Ac‐p65 protein levels and decreased SIRT1 and SIRT6 expression. In vivo experiments showed that combined administration of RvE1 and LXA4 promoted pulpitis markedly to resolution. Conclusions Combination of RvE1 and LXA4 effectively inhibited NF‐κB activation by upregulating SIRT7 expression in DPFs, leading to reduced production of pro‐inflammatory factors and promotion of pulpitis resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Liu
- Department of Endodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmeng Wang
- Department of Endodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Pang
- Department of Endodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangliang Pan
- Department of Endodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ottosson F, Hultgren L, Fernandez C, Engström G, Orho‐Melander M, Kennbäck C, Persson M, Demmer RT, Melander O, Klinge B, Nilsson PM, Jönsson D. The inverse association between a fish consumption biomarker and gingival inflammation and periodontitis: A population-based study. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:353-361. [PMID: 35132662 PMCID: PMC9303516 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The metabolite 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid (CMPF) is a fatty fish-intake biomarker. We investigated the association between plasma levels of CMPF in relation to gingival inflammation and periodontitis case definition, as well as the extent and severity variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Malmö Offspring Study is a population-based study, and the Malmö Offspring Dental Study (MODS) is its dental arm, including periodontal charting. Plasma CMPF was measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and studied in relation to periodontal diagnosis and parameters using multivariable linear or logistic regression modelling adjusting for age, sex, education, body mass index, fasting glucose, and smoking. RESULTS Metabolite data were available for 922 MODS participants. Higher CMPF levels were associated with less gingival inflammation (β = -2.12, p = .002) and lower odds of severe periodontitis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56 to 0.98). Higher CMPF levels were also associated with more teeth (β = 0.19, p = .001), lower number of periodontal pockets (≥4 mm) (β = -1.07, p = .007), and lower odds of having two or more periodontal pockets of ≥6 mm (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65 to 0.98) in fully adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS CMPF, a validated biomarker of fatty fish consumption, is associated with less periodontal inflammation and periodontitis. Residual confounding cannot be ruled out, and future studies are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Ottosson
- Department of Clinical Sciences MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden,Section for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital DisordersStatens Serum InstitutCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Lina Hultgren
- Public Dental Service of SkåneLundSweden,Faculty of OdontologyMalmö UniversityMalmöSweden
| | | | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden,Department of Internal MedicineSkåne University HospitalMalmöSweden
| | | | - Cecilia Kennbäck
- Department of Clinical Sciences MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden,Department of Internal MedicineSkåne University HospitalMalmöSweden
| | - Margaretha Persson
- Department of Clinical Sciences MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden,Department of Internal MedicineSkåne University HospitalMalmöSweden
| | - Ryan T. Demmer
- School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA,Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden,Department of Internal MedicineSkåne University HospitalMalmöSweden
| | - Björn Klinge
- Faculty of OdontologyMalmö UniversityMalmöSweden,Department of Dental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
| | - Peter M. Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden,Department of Internal MedicineSkåne University HospitalMalmöSweden
| | - Daniel Jönsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences MalmöLund UniversityMalmöSweden,Public Dental Service of SkåneLundSweden,Faculty of OdontologyMalmö UniversityMalmöSweden
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Local induction of regulatory T cells prevents inflammatory bone loss in ligature-induced experimental periodontitis in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5032. [PMID: 35322204 PMCID: PMC8943171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis (periodontal disease) is a highly prevalent disease, affecting over 65 million adults in the United States alone. Characterized by an overburden of invasive bacteria, gum inflammation and plaque buildup, over time, these symptoms can result in severe loss of gingival tissue attachment, bone resorption and even tooth loss. Although current treatments (local antibiotics and scaling and root planing procedures) target the bacterial dysbiosis, they do not address the underlying inflammatory imbalance in the periodontium. In the healthy steady state, the body naturally combats destructive, imbalanced inflammatory responses through regulatory pathways mediated by cells such as regulatory T cells (Tregs). Consequently, we hypothesized that local enrichment of regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs) could restore local, immunological homeostasis and prevent the main outcome of bone loss. Accordingly, we locally delivered a combination of TGFβ, Rapamycin, and IL2 microspheres in a ligature-induced murine periodontitis model. Herein, we have demonstrated this preventative treatment decreases alveolar bone loss, increases the local ratio of Tregs to T effector cells and changes the local microenvironment’s expression of inflammatory and regenerative markers. Ultimately, these Treg-inducing microspheres appear promising as a method to improve periodontitis outcomes and may be able to serve as a platform delivery system to treat other inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
36
|
Blaudez F, Ivanovski S, Fournier B, Vaquette C. The utilisation of resolvins in medicine and tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:116-135. [PMID: 34875358 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of regenerative medicine and biomaterial science have highlighted the importance of controlling immune cell phenotypes at the biomaterial interface. These studies have clearly indicated that a rapid resolution of the inflammatory process, mediated by a switch in the macrophage population towards a reparative phenotype, is essential for tissue regeneration to occur. While various biomaterial surfaces have been developed in order to impart immunomodulatory properties to the resulting constructs, an alternative strategy involving the use of reparative biological cues, known as resolvins, is emerging in regenerative medicine. This review reports on the mechanisms via which resolvins participate in the resolution of inflammation and describes their current utilisation in pre-clinical and clinical settings, along with their effectiveness when combined with biomaterial constructs in tissue engineering applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The resolution of the inflammatory process is necessary for achieving tissue healing and regeneration. Resolvins are lipid mediators and play a key role in the resolution of the inflammatory response and can be used in as biological cues to promote tissue regeneration. This review describes the various biological inflammatory mechanisms and pathways involving resolvins and how their action results in a pro-healing response. The use of these molecules in the clinical setting is then summarised for various applications along with their limitations. Lastly, the review focuses on the emergence resolvins in tissue engineering products including the use of a more stable form which holds greater prospect for regenerative purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Blaudez
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Parklands Dr, Southport QLD 4222, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, 288 Herston Rd, Herston QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, 288 Herston Rd, Herston QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Benjamin Fournier
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, 288 Herston Rd, Herston QLD 4006, Australia; Université de Paris, Dental Faculty Garanciere, Oral Biology Department, Centre of Reference for Oral Rare Diseases, 5 rue Garanciere, Paris, 75006, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS 1138, Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, 15-21 rue de l'école de médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Cedryck Vaquette
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, 288 Herston Rd, Herston QLD 4006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Metcalfe S, Anselmi N, Escobar A, Visser MB, Kay JG. Innate Phagocyte Polarization in the Oral Cavity. Front Immunol 2022; 12:768479. [PMID: 35069541 PMCID: PMC8770816 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.768479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is a complex environment constantly exposed to antigens from food and the oral microbiota. Innate immune cells play an essential role in maintaining health and homeostasis in the oral environment. However, these cells also play a significant role in disease progression. This review will focus on two innate phagocytes in the oral cavity: macrophages and neutrophils, and examine their roles during homeostasis and disease development, with a focus on periodontal disease and cancer. Macrophages have a well-known ability to polarize and be activated towards a variety of phenotypes. Several studies have found that macrophages’ polarization changes can play an essential role in maintaining health in the oral cavity and contribute to disease. Recent data also finds that neutrophils display phenotypic heterogeneity in the oral cavity. In both cases, we focus on what is known about how these cellular changes alter these immune cells’ interactions with the oral microbiota, including how such changes can lead to worsening, rather than improving, disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Metcalfe
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Natalie Anselmi
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Alejandro Escobar
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michelle B Visser
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jason G Kay
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Future Drug Targets in Periodontal Personalised Medicine—A Narrative Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030371. [PMID: 35330371 PMCID: PMC8955099 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is an infection-driven inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. The establishment of chronic inflammation will result in progressive destruction of bone and soft tissue changes. Severe periodontitis can lead to tooth loss. The disease has complex pathogenesis with an interplay between genetic, environmental, and host factors and pathogens. Effective management consists of plaque control and non-surgical interventions, along with adjuvant strategies to control inflammation and disrupt the pathogenic subgingival biofilms. Recent studies have examined novel approaches for managing periodontal diseases such as modulating microbial signaling mechanisms, tissue engineering, and molecular targeting of host inflammatory substances. Mounting evidence suggests the need to integrate omics-based approaches with traditional therapy to address the disease. This article discusses the various evolving and future drug targets, including proteomics, gene therapeutics, vaccines, and nanotechnology in personalized periodontal medicine for the effective management of periodontal diseases.
Collapse
|
39
|
Barutta F, Bellini S, Durazzo M, Gruden G. Novel Insight into the Mechanisms of the Bidirectional Relationship between Diabetes and Periodontitis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010178. [PMID: 35052857 PMCID: PMC8774037 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis and diabetes are two major global health problems despite their prevalence being significantly underreported and underestimated. Both epidemiological and intervention studies show a bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and diabetes. The hypothesis of a potential causal link between the two diseases is corroborated by recent studies in experimental animals that identified mechanisms whereby periodontitis and diabetes can adversely affect each other. Herein, we will review clinical data on the existence of a two-way relationship between periodontitis and diabetes and discuss possible mechanistic interactions in both directions, focusing in particular on new data highlighting the importance of the host response. Moreover, we will address the hypothesis that trained immunity may represent the unifying mechanism explaining the intertwined association between diabetes and periodontitis. Achieving a better mechanistic insight on clustering of infectious, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases may provide new therapeutic options to reduce the risk of diabetes and diabetes-associated comorbidities.
Collapse
|
40
|
Vinel A, Al Halabi A, Roumi S, Le Neindre H, Millavet P, Simon M, Cuny C, Barthet JS, Barthet P, Laurencin-Dalicieux S. Non-surgical Periodontal Treatment: SRP and Innovative Therapeutic Approaches. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:303-327. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
41
|
Alshibani N. Resolvins as a Treatment Modality in Experimental Periodontitis: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies. Cureus 2022; 14:e21095. [PMID: 35036235 PMCID: PMC8754062 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to assess scientific data of existing literature to identify the efficacy of resolvins (Rv) in the treatment of periodontitis. The electronic databases, Web of Science (WOS), Medline/PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Saudi digital library (SDL), were searched for eligible studies in the field of periodontics. A thorough analysis of the retrieved literature provided five articles that were assessed and included in this systematic review. The quality of these studies was assessed by updated Essential Animal Research: Reporting of In-Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines. The five included studies were published between 2005 and 2018 and investigated resolvins as a treatment approach in experimental periodontitis of animals. Among the study animals employed, New Zealand white rabbits were used in three studies, Wistar rats and Albino mice in two studies, respectively. Four studies have evaluated eicosapentaenoic acid-derived RvE1, and one study evaluated docosahexaenoic acid-derived RvD2. Oral-topical application of Rv was followed in four studies, and intra-peritoneal Rv injection was administered in one study. The study duration in these studies have ranged between 4-12 weeks, and the Rv dose was between 0.1 μg to 0.5 μg. One study evaluated the influence of RvE1 topical application on both the prevention and treatment of experimental periodontitis. Resolvins (RvE1 and RvD2) have been studied in periodontitis-induced animal models to assess their potential role in periodontal inflammation resolution. There are promising preclinical data of using resolvins as a treatment modality in experimental periodontitis. Resolvins have been demonstrated to inhibit the destructive inflammatory process and alveolar bone loss in laboratory-induced periodontitis under controlled experimental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Alshibani
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sun X, Gao J, Meng X, Lu X, Zhang L, Chen R. Polarized Macrophages in Periodontitis: Characteristics, Function, and Molecular Signaling. Front Immunol 2021; 12:763334. [PMID: 34950140 PMCID: PMC8688840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.763334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is a common chronic infectious disease. The local inflammatory response in the host may cause the destruction of supporting periodontal tissue. Macrophages play a variety of roles in PD, including regulatory and phagocytosis. Moreover, under the induction of different factors, macrophages polarize and form different functional phenotypes. Among them, M1-type macrophages with proinflammatory functions and M2-type macrophages with anti-inflammatory functions are the most representative, and both of them can regulate the tendency of the immune system to exert proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory functions. M1 and M2 macrophages are involved in the destructive and reparative stages of PD. Due to the complex microenvironment of PD, the dynamic development of PD, and various local mediators, increasing attention has been given to the study of macrophage polarization in PD. This review summarizes the role of macrophage polarization in the development of PD and its research progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhang, ; Xiaoyu Sun,
| | | | | | | | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Department of Periodontology, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Vaernewyck V, Arzi B, Sanders NN, Cox E, Devriendt B. Mucosal Vaccination Against Periodontal Disease: Current Status and Opportunities. Front Immunol 2021; 12:768397. [PMID: 34925337 PMCID: PMC8675580 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.768397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 9 out of 10 adults have some form of periodontal disease, an infection-induced inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues. The initial form, gingivitis, often remains asymptomatic, but this can evolve into periodontitis, which is typically associated with halitosis, oral pain or discomfort, and tooth loss. Furthermore, periodontitis may contribute to systemic disorders like cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Control options remain nonspecific, time-consuming, and costly; largely relying on the removal of dental plaque and calculus by mechanical debridement. However, while dental plaque bacteria trigger periodontal disease, it is the host-specific inflammatory response that acts as main driver of tissue destruction and disease progression. Therefore, periodontal disease control should aim to alter the host's inflammatory response as well as to reduce the bacterial triggers. Vaccines may provide a potent adjunct to mechanical debridement for periodontal disease prevention and treatment. However, the immunopathogenic complexity and polymicrobial aspect of PD appear to complicate the development of periodontal vaccines. Moreover, a successful periodontal vaccine should induce protective immunity in the oral cavity, which proves difficult with traditional vaccination methods. Recent advances in mucosal vaccination may bridge the gap in periodontal vaccine development. In this review, we offer a comprehensive overview of mucosal vaccination strategies to induce protective immunity in the oral cavity for periodontal disease control. Furthermore, we highlight the need for additional research with appropriate and clinically relevant animal models. Finally, we discuss several opportunities in periodontal vaccine development such as multivalency, vaccine formulations, and delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Vaernewyck
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Boaz Arzi
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures (VIRC) School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Niek N. Sanders
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Eric Cox
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Technological innovations in cellular and molecular aspects of tissue engineering --scaffolds, stem cells and 3D printed tissues --have been dramatically increased in the last decade. However, regenerative treatment still has challenges in translation to clinic. This is partly due to failure of addressing an essential element of wound healing, inflammation. It is now well-recognized that inflammation is an active process. This paradigm shift opened up a new avenue of therapeutic approaches called "host-modulation." Host-modulation therapies capable of modulating inflammatory response at multiple levels and mimicking the natural sequence of wound healing offer a new direction and promising clinical translation.
Collapse
|
45
|
Yu N, Rakian A, Dean A, Van Dyke TE. Specialized Proresolving Mediators Facilitate the Immunomodulation of the Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.701197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent investigations into the regulation of the inflammation in the periodontitis have revealed that chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis are characterized by an imbalance in the proinflammatory and proresolution mediators and can be characterized by a failure of the resolution pathways in the late stages of the acute inflammatory response. The proresolution mediators, termed as specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), comprise the lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins that are derived from the arachidonic acid or omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. In the animal studies, treatment of the periodontitis with the topical SPMs return the inflammatory lesion to the homeostasis with the regeneration of all the components of the periodontal organ lost to the disease. In this article, the study investigates the immunomodulatory role of SPMs in the periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Primary porcine PDLSCs (pPDLSCs) were stimulated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in vitro to simulate the periodontal inflammation in the presence or absence of SPMs. This study found that IL-1β and IL-17 synergistically activated the proinflammatory genes of pPDLSCs and altered the immune phenotype of pPDLSCs including the key signaling pathways. Addition of SPMs rescued the pPDLSCs phenotype and induced further production of the additional SPMs, which was reflected by upregulation of the requisite enzymes 12- and 15-lipoxygenase by pPDLSCs. This study interrogated the immunomodulatory actions of pPDLSCs on the monocytes/macrophages, focusing on the porcine CD14/CD16/CD163 markers by using flow cytometry. This study utilized the CD14+CD16+/CD14+CD16− ratio and CD163 on the monocytes/macrophages to differentiate between a proinflammation phenotype (lower ratio) and a resolution of the inflammation phenotype (higher ratio). This study also found that the conditioned medium from pPDLSCs treated with the cytokines and Maresin1 increased the CD14+CD16+/CD14+CD16− ratio and had the highest CD163 expression. This study concludes that in an inflammatory environment, pPDLSCs become proinflammatory and exert immunomodulatory functions. Maresin 1 resolves the inflammation by acting on pPDLSCs directly and by shifting the monocytes/macrophages phenotype to the proresolution dominance.
Collapse
|
46
|
Jordan PM, Werz O. Specialized pro-resolving mediators: biosynthesis and biological role in bacterial infections. FEBS J 2021; 289:4212-4227. [PMID: 34741578 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute inflammation caused by bacterial infections is an essential biological defence mechanism of the host in order to neutralize and clear the invaders and to return to homeostasis. Despite its protective function, inflammation may become persistent and uncontrolled, resulting in chronic diseases and tissue destruction as consequence of the unresolved inflammatory process. Therefore, spatiotemporal induction of endogenous inflammation resolution programs that govern bacterial clearance as well as tissue repair and regeneration, are of major importance in order to enable tissues to restore functions. Lipid mediators that are de-novo biosynthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) mainly by lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenases, critically regulate the initiation, the maintenance but also the resolution of infectious inflammation and tissue regeneration. The discovery of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) generated from omega-3 PUFAs stimulated intensive research in inflammation resolution, especially in infectious inflammation elicited by bacteria. SPMs are immunoresolvents that actively terminate inflammation by limiting neutrophil influx, stimulating phagocytosis, bacterial killing and clearance as well as efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils and cellular debris by macrophages. Moreover, SPMs prevent collateral tissue damage, promote tissue repair and regeneration and lower antibiotic requirement. Here, we review the biosynthesis of SPMs in bacterial infections and cover specific mechanisms of SPMs that govern the resolution of bacteria-initiated inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Jordan
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hasturk H, Schulte F, Martins M, Sherzai H, Floros C, Cugini M, Chiu CJ, Hardt M, Van Dyke T. Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of a Novel Host-Modulatory Therapy for Reducing Gingival Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:704163. [PMID: 34589083 PMCID: PMC8475270 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.704163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal disease is among the sixth most common inflammatory diseases worldwide with high risk to promote complications from other inflammatory diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer’s Disease. Failure of active resolution of inflammation pathways is implicated in pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, including gingivitis. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4), a member of the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) that drive resolution of inflammation via GPC-receptor mediated pathways, offered therapeutic advantages in preclinical models of periodontitis. Methods We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group Phase 1 clinical trial to determine the safety and preliminary efficacy of an LXA4 analog in patients with gingival inflammation. One hundred twenty-seven (127) individuals were randomized to daily use of an oral rinse containing a LXA4 mimetic, methyl ester-benzo-lipoxin A4 (BLXA4), placebo rinse or a no-rinse control group for 28 days. Treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were assessed for safety, the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included the change in the level of gingival inflammation and periodontal pocket depth (PD). Serum SPMs were monitored using targeted lipid mediator lipidomics to assess potential systemic impact of BLXA4. Results The frequency of TEAEs was similar in BLXA4 and placebo-treated groups with no study-related SAEs. Once-daily rinsing with BLXA4 for 28-days resulted in a greater decrease in gingival inflammation compared to placebo rinse and no-rinse control groups (mean change: 0.26 GI unit vs 0.21 and 0.17, respectively). PD reduction was also greater with BLXA4 oral rinse compared to placebo and no-rinse groups (mean reduction: 1.23 mm vs. 0.71 mm and 0.46 mm, respectively). Topical application of BLXA4 increased serum levels of SPMs. Conclusion Treatment with BLXA4 reduces local inflammation, and increases abundance of pro-resolution molecules systemically, which may dampen inflammation that can mediate progression and course of inflammatory diseases beyond periodontitis. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier (NCT02342691).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Hasturk
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Fabian Schulte
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Center for Salivary Diagnostics, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Melissa Martins
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Homa Sherzai
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Constantinos Floros
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - MaryAnn Cugini
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Chung-Jung Chiu
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Markus Hardt
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Center for Salivary Diagnostics, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thomas Van Dyke
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Haas AN, Furlaneto F, Gaio EJ, Gomes SC, Palioto DB, Castilho RM, Sanz M, Messora MR. New tendencies in non-surgical periodontal therapy. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e095. [PMID: 34586209 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to update the evidence of new approaches to non-surgical therapy (NSPT) in the treatment of periodontitis. Preclinical and clinical studies addressing the benefits of adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, probiotics, prebiotics/synbiotics, statins, pro-resolving mediators, omega-6 and -3, ozone, and epigenetic therapy were scrutinized and discussed. Currently, the outcomes of these nine new approaches, when compared with subgingival debridement alone, did not demonstrate a significant added clinical benefit. However, some of these new alternative interventions may have the potential to improve the outcomes of NSPT alone. Future evidence based on randomized controlled clinical trials would help clinicians and patients in the selection of different adjunctive therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Nogueira Haas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Flavia Furlaneto
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Gaio
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Carvalho Gomes
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Bazan Palioto
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Moraes Castilho
- Michigan University, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mariano Sanz
- Complutense University of Madrid, Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases Research Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michel Reis Messora
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Herrera Vielma F, Valenzuela R, Videla LA, Zúñiga-Hernández J. N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Lipid Mediators as A Potential Immune-Nutritional Intervention: A Molecular and Clinical View in Hepatic Disease and Other Non-Communicable Illnesses. Nutrients 2021; 13:3384. [PMID: 34684386 PMCID: PMC8539469 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the beneficial effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) intake on human health has been widely accepted in the field of immunonutrition. Today, we find a diversity of supplements based on n-3 PUFAs and/or minerals, vitamins and other substances. The main objective of this review is to discuss the importance of n-3 PUFAs and their derivatives on immunity and inflammatory status related to liver disease and other non-communicable illnesses. Based on the burden of liver diseases in 2019, more than two million people die from liver pathologies per year worldwide, because it is the organ most exposed to agents such as viruses, toxins and medications. Consequently, research conducted on n-3 PUFAs for liver disease has been gaining prominence with encouraging results, given that these fatty acids have anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. In addition, it has been described that n-3 PUFAs are converted into a novel species of lipid intermediaries, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). At specific levels, SPMs improve the termination of inflammation as well as the repairing and regeneration of tissues, but they are deregulated in liver disease. Since evidence is still insufficient to carry out pharmacological trials to benefit the resolution of acute inflammation in non-communicable diseases, there remains a call for continuing preclinical and clinical research to better understand SPM actions and outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Herrera Vielma
- Department of Biomedical Basic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Luis A. Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Jessica Zúñiga-Hernández
- Department of Biomedical Basic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lee CT, Li R, Zhu L, Tribble GD, Zheng WJ, Ferguson B, Maddipati KR, Angelov N, Van Dyke TE. Subgingival Microbiome and Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediator Pathway Profiles Are Correlated in Periodontal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:691216. [PMID: 34177951 PMCID: PMC8222734 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.691216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of resolution pathways in periodontitis is reflected in levels of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) and SPM pathway markers but their relationship with the subgingival microbiome is unclear. This study aimed to analyze and integrate lipid mediator level, SPM receptor gene expression and subgingival microbiome data in subjects with periodontitis vs. healthy controls. The study included 13 periodontally healthy and 15 periodontitis subjects that were evaluated prior to or after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Samples of gingival tissue and subgingival plaque were collected prior to and 8 weeks after non-surgical treatment; only once in the healthy group. Metabololipidomic analysis was performed to measure levels of SPMs and other relevant lipid mediators in gingiva. qRT-PCR assessed relative gene expression (2-ΔΔCT) of known SPM receptors. 16S rRNA sequencing evaluated the relative abundance of bacterial species in subgingival plaque. Correlations between lipid mediator levels, receptor gene expression and bacterial abundance were analyzed using the Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent cOmponents (DIABLO) and Sparse Partial Least Squares (SPLS) methods. Profiles of lipid mediators, receptor genes and the subgingival microbiome were distinct in the three groups. The strongest correlation existed between lipid mediator profile and subgingival microbiome profile. Multiple lipid mediators and bacterial species were highly correlated (correlation coefficient ≥0.6) in different periodontal conditions. Comparing individual correlated lipid mediators and bacterial species in periodontitis before treatment to healthy controls revealed that one bacterial species, Corynebacterium durum, and five lipid mediators, 5(S)6(R)-DiHETE, 15(S)-HEPE, 7-HDHA, 13-HDHA and 14-HDHA, were identified in both conditions. Comparing individual correlated lipid mediators and bacterial species in periodontitis before treatment to after treatment revealed that one bacterial species, Anaeroglobus geminatus, and four lipid mediators, 5(S)12(S)-DiHETE, RvD1, Maresin 1 and LTB4, were identified in both conditions. Four Selenomonas species were highly correlated with RvD1, RvE3, 5(S)12(S)-DiHETE and proinflammatory mediators in the periodontitis after treatment group. Profiles of lipid mediators, receptor gene and subgingival microbiome are associated with periodontal inflammation and correlated with each other, suggesting inflammation mediated by lipid mediators influences microbial composition in periodontitis. The role of correlated individual lipid mediators and bacterial species in periodontal inflammation have to be further studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Teh Lee
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ruoxing Li
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisha Zhu
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gena D. Tribble
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - W. Jim Zheng
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brittney Ferguson
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Nikola Angelov
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas E. Van Dyke
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|