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Prančlová V, Hönig V, Zemanová M, Růžek D, Palus M. Robust CXCL10/IP-10 and CCL5/RANTES Production Induced by Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Human Brain Pericytes Despite Weak Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7892. [PMID: 39063134 PMCID: PMC11276942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) targets the central nervous system (CNS), leading to potentially severe neurological complications. The neurovascular unit plays a fundamental role in the CNS and in the neuroinvasion of TBEV. However, the role of human brain pericytes, a key component of the neurovascular unit, during TBEV infection has not yet been elucidated. In this study, TBEV infection of the primary human brain perivascular pericytes was investigated with highly virulent Hypr strain and mildly virulent Neudoerfl strain. We used Luminex assay to measure cytokines/chemokines and growth factors. Both viral strains showed comparable replication kinetics, peaking at 3 days post infection (dpi). Intracellular viral RNA copies peaked at 6 dpi for Hypr and 3 dpi for Neudoerfl cultures. According to immunofluorescence staining, only small proportion of pericytes were infected (3% for Hypr and 2% for Neudoerfl), and no cytopathic effect was observed in the infected cells. In cell culture supernatants, IL-6 production was detected at 3 dpi, together with slight increases in IL-15 and IL-4, but IP-10, RANTES and MCP-1 were the main chemokines released after TBEV infection. These chemokines play key roles in both immune defense and immunopathology during TBE. This study suggests that pericytes are an important source of these signaling molecules during TBEV infection in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Prančlová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic (V.H.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Hönig
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic (V.H.)
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Infections, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Zemanová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic (V.H.)
| | - Daniel Růžek
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic (V.H.)
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Infections, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Palus
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic (V.H.)
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Infections, Veterinary Research Institute, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic
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Li X, Wu M, Lu J, Yu J, Chen D. Interleukin-21 as an adjuvant in cancer immunotherapy: Current advances and future directions. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189084. [PMID: 38354828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, it's well-recognized that a considerable proportion of patients fail to benefit from immunotherapy, and to improve immunotherapy response is clinically urgent. Insufficient immune infiltration and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TME) are main contributors to immunotherapy resistance. Thus sustaining functional self-renewal capacity for immune cells and subverting immune-suppressive signals are potential strategies for boosting the efficacy of immunotherapy. Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a crucial cytokine, which could enhance cytotoxic function of immune cells and reduces immunosuppressive cells enrichment in TME, shows promising orientations as an immunoadjuvant in tumor immunotherapy. This review focuses on IL-21 in cancer treatment, including function and mechanisms of IL-21, preclinical and clinical studies, and future directions for IL-21-assisted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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3
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Benson LN, Deck KS, Mora CJ, Guo Y, Rafferty TM, Li LX, Huang L, Andrews JT, Qin Z, Trott DW, Hoover RS, Liu Y, Mu S. P2X7-Mediated Antigen-Independent Activation of CD8 + T Cells Promotes Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Hypertension 2024; 81:530-540. [PMID: 38193292 PMCID: PMC10922507 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD8+ T cells (CD8Ts) have been implicated in hypertension. However, the specific mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we explore the contribution of the P2X7 (purinergic receptor P2X7) receptor to CD8T activation and subsequent promotion of sodium retention in the kidney. METHODS We used mouse models of hypertension. Wild type were used as genetic controls, OT1 and Rag2/OT1 mice were utilized to determine antigen dependency, and P2X7-knockout mice were studied to define the role of P2X7 in activating CD8Ts and promoting hypertension. Blood pressure was monitored continuously and kidneys were obtained at different experimental end points. Freshly isolated CD8Ts from mice for activation assays and ATP stimulation. CD8T activation-induced promotion of sodium retention was explored in cocultures of CD8Ts and mouse DCTs. RESULTS We found that OT1 and Rag2/OT1 mice, which are nonresponsive to common antigens, still developed hypertension and CD8T-activation in response to deoxycorticosterone acetate/salt treatment, similar to wild-type mice. Further studies identified the P2X7 receptor on CD8Ts as a possible mediator of this antigen-independent activation of CD8Ts in hypertension. Knockout of the P2X7 receptor prevented calcium influx and cytokine production in CD8Ts. This finding was associated with reduced CD8T-DCT stimulation, reversal of excessive salt retention in DCTs, and attenuated development of salt-sensitive hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a novel mechanism by which CD8Ts are activated in hypertension to exacerbate salt retention and infer that the P2X7 receptor on CD8Ts may represent a new therapeutic target to attenuate T-cell-mediated immunopathology in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lin-Xi Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | | | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Daniel W. Trott
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019
| | - Robert S. Hoover
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | | | - Shengyu Mu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
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4
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Ilangumaran S, Gui Y, Shukla A, Ramanathan S. SOCS1 expression in cancer cells: potential roles in promoting antitumor immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1362224. [PMID: 38415248 PMCID: PMC10897024 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) is a potent regulator immune cell responses and a proven tumor suppressor. Inhibition of SOCS1 in T cells can boost antitumor immunity, whereas its loss in tumor cells increases tumor aggressivity. Investigations into the tumor suppression mechanisms so far focused on tumor cell-intrinsic functions of SOCS1. However, it is possible that SOCS1 expression in tumor cells also regulate antitumor immune responses in a cell-extrinsic manner via direct and indirect mechanisms. Here, we discuss the evidence supporting the latter, and its implications for antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Salz L, Seitz A, Schäfer D, Franzen J, Holzer T, Garcia-Prieto CA, Bürger I, Hardt O, Esteller M, Wagner W. Culture expansion of CAR T cells results in aberrant DNA methylation that is associated with adverse clinical outcome. Leukemia 2023; 37:1868-1878. [PMID: 37452103 PMCID: PMC10457202 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01966-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells provide new perspectives for treatment of hematological malignancies. Manufacturing of these cellular products includes culture expansion procedures, which may affect cellular integrity and therapeutic outcome. In this study, we investigated culture-associated epigenetic changes in CAR T cells and found continuous gain of DNAm, particularly within genes that are relevant for T cell function. Hypermethylation in many genes, such as TCF7, RUNX1, and TOX, was reflected by transcriptional downregulation. 332 CG dinucleotides (CpGs) showed an almost linear gain in methylation with cell culture time, albeit neighboring CpGs were not coherently regulated on the same DNA strands. An epigenetic signature based on 14 of these culture-associated CpGs predicted cell culture time across various culture conditions. Notably, even in CAR T cell products of similar culture time higher DNAm levels at these CpGs were associated with significantly reduced long-term survival post transfusion. Our data demonstrate that cell culture expansion of CAR T cells evokes DNA hypermethylation at specific sites in the genome and the signature may also reflect loss of potential in CAR T cell products. Hence, reduced cultivation periods are beneficial to avoid dysfunctional methylation programs that seem to be associated with worse therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Salz
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Seitz
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch, Gladbach, Germany
| | - Daniel Schäfer
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch, Gladbach, Germany
| | - Julia Franzen
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tatjana Holzer
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch, Gladbach, Germany
| | - Carlos A Garcia-Prieto
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Bürger
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch, Gladbach, Germany
| | - Olaf Hardt
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch, Gladbach, Germany
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany.
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Hackler Y, Siebenhaar F, Maurer M, Muñoz M. Virus-infected mast cells activate virus-specific CD8 + T cells. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13272. [PMID: 38441354 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Efficient anti-viral responses of CD8+ T cells require signals that promote their effector cell differentiation, that are mainly provided by dendritic cells (DCs). Mast cells (MCs) are key drivers of DC maturation, but also influence their migration and antigen presenting properties and therefore indirectly mediate CD8+ T cell activation. MCs initiate innate immune responses at pathogen entry sites, promote the development of adaptive immune responses after infection, and release mediators including chemokines that recruit and activate immune cells including T cells during viral infections. However, whether MCs can directly activate virus-specific CD8+ T cells remains largely unknown. Here, we used an in vitro viral infection model with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-infected MCs or DCs co-cultured with either LCMV-specific CD8+ T cells or with WT (unspecific) CD8+ T cells. Similar to LCMV-infected DCs, LCMV-infected MCs clustered with virus-specific CD8+ T cells and induced their activation and production of antiviral cytokines. In addition, the co-stimulatory molecules CD86 and OX40L, but not CD80, were upregulated on MCs and an increased production of IL-6 and type I interferons after LCMV infection was shown. Our findings suggest that MCs can promote CD8+ T cell activation during viral infections. MC-mediated CD8+ T cell activation might be especially important within infected tissues where direct cellular interaction can take place. A better understanding of anti-viral functions of MCs may help developing new strategies to better treat viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Hackler
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Siebenhaar
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melba Muñoz
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
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Natural Killer Cells Regulate Acute SIV Replication, Dissemination, and Inflammation, but Do Not Impact Independent Transmission Events. J Virol 2023; 97:e0151922. [PMID: 36511699 PMCID: PMC9888193 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01519-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are potent effector cells of the innate immune system possessing both cytotoxic and immunoregulatory capabilities, which contribute to their crucial role in controlling human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections. However, despite significant evidence for NK cell modulation of HIV disease, their specific contribution to transmission and control of acute infection remains less clear. To elucidate the contribution of NK cells during acute SIV infection, we performed an acute necropsy study, where rhesus macaques (RM) were subjected to preinfection depletion of systemic NK cells using established methods of IL-15 neutralization, followed by subsequent challenge with barcoded SIVmac239X. Our study showed that depletion was highly effective, resulting in near total ablation of all NK cell subsets in blood, liver, oral, and rectal mucosae, and lymph nodes (LN) that persisted through the duration of the study. Meanwhile, frequencies and phenotypes of T cells remained virtually unchanged, indicating that our method of NK cell depletion had minimal off-target effects. Importantly, NK cell-depleted RM demonstrated an early and sustained 1 to 2 log increase in viremia over controls, but sequence analysis suggested no difference in the number of independent transmission events. Acute bulk, central memory (CM), and CCR5+ CD4+ T cell depletion was similar between experimental and control groups, while CD8+ T cell activation was higher in NK cell-depleted RM as measured by Ki67 and PD-1 expression. Using 27-plex Luminex analyses, we also found modestly increased inflammatory cytokines in NK cell-depleted RM compared to control animals. In the effort to determine the impact of NK cells on HIV/SIV transmission and acute viremia, future studies will be necessary to better harness these cells for future viral therapies. Collectively, these data suggest NK cells are important modulators of lentivirus dissemination and disease but may not have the capacity to independently eliminate individual transmission events. IMPORTANCE Natural killer (NK) cells as major effector cells of the innate immune system can contribute significantly to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) control. However, a specific role for NK cells in blocking lentivirus transmission remains incompletely clear. In this study, we depleted NK cells prior to challenge with a barcoded SIV. Importantly, our studied showed systemic NK cell depletion was associated with a significant increase in acute viremia, but did not impact the number of independent transmission events. Collectively, these data suggest NK cells are critical modulators of early lentivirus replication but may not regulate individual transmission events at mucosal portals of entry.
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Benson LN, Liu Y, Deck K, Mora C, Mu S. IFN- γ Contributes to the Immune Mechanisms of Hypertension. KIDNEY360 2022; 3:2164-2173. [PMID: 36591357 PMCID: PMC9802558 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0001292022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease and the primary risk factor for mortality worldwide. For more than half a century, researchers have demonstrated that immunity plays an important role in the development of hypertension; however, the precise mechanisms are still under investigation. The current body of knowledge indicates that proinflammatory cytokines may play an important role in contributing to immune-related pathogenesis of hypertension. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), in particular, as an important cytokine that modulates immune responses, has been recently identified as a critical regulator of blood pressure by several groups, including us. In this review, we focus on exploring the role of IFN-γ in contributing to the pathogenesis of hypertension, outlining the various immune producers of this cytokine and described signaling mechanisms involved. We demonstrate a key role for IFN-γ in hypertension through global knockout studies and related downstream signaling pathways that IFN-γ production from CD8+ T cell (CD8T) in the kidney promoting CD8T-stimulated salt retention via renal tubule cells, thereby exacerbating hypertension. We discuss potential activators of these T cells described by the current literature and relay a novel hypothesis for activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance N. Benson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Yunmeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Katherine Deck
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Christoph Mora
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Shengyu Mu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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9
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Aquino-Acevedo AN, Knochenhauer H, Castillo-Ocampo Y, Ortiz-León M, Rivera-López YA, Morales-López C, Cruz-Robles ME, Hernández-Cordero ER, Russell S, Whitaker R, Bonilla-Claudio M, Chen DT, Dutil J, Gaillard SL, Yi JS, Previs RA, Armaiz-Pena GN. Stress hormones are associated with inflammatory cytokines and attenuation of T-cell function in the ascites from patients with high grade serous ovarian cancer. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 26:100558. [PMID: 36439058 PMCID: PMC9694096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that chronic stress and subsequent distress can promote ovarian cancer progression. These altered psychological states have been linked to sustained release of stress hormones, activation of the β-adrenergic receptors in ovarian cancer cells, and induction of pro-tumoral signaling pathways. In addition, data suggest that chronic stress promotes an inflammatory landscape highlighted by increased infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages into the ovarian tumor microenvironment (TME). In ovarian cancer, ascites is a unique TME comprised of tumor, and immune cells, which secrete pro-tumoral cytokines and chemokines that modulate tumor-associated immunity. However, our knowledge about how stress hormones impact the ascites TME remains limited. We hypothesized that the ascites harbors measurable levels of stress hormones, and accumulation of these in the ascites generates a pro-tumorigenic, inflammatory, and immunosuppressive TME. We evaluated ascites samples from 49 patients with high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and quantified cortisol and stress hormones metabolites, metanephrine (MN), and normetanephrine (NMN) in all samples. We also measured 38 individual cytokines in the ascites, including several pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, which were positively correlated to MN or NMN levels of those samples. Conversely, we found cortisol levels were negatively correlated to several pro-inflammatory cytokines. As T-cells are integral to the TME and our analyses identified cytokines in the ascites known to modulate T-cell function, we characterized ascites-derived T-cells and assessed the impact of stress hormones on the T-cell phenotype. Our data show an altered CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio and a heterogeneous expression of exhaustion markers in T-cells from the ascites, while ascites-derived CD8+ T-cells exposed to epinephrine had decreased co-expression CD38 and Granzyme B. To extend these findings to animal models, we subjected ovarian cancer-bearing mice to daily restraint stress, which resulted in increased tumor growth in two models. Congruent with our human analyses, we detected corticosterone, MN, and NMN in the ascites from tumor-bearing mice, and these stress hormones correlated with several inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, daily restraint stress leads to increased CD4+PD-1+/CD8+PD-1+ T-cell ratio in the ovarian tumor microenvironment. Overall, these data highlight a role of stress hormones in the ascites TME as a driver of tumor-associated inflammation, T-cell suppression, and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N. Aquino-Acevedo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Hope Knochenhauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology, School of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yesenia Castillo-Ocampo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Melanie Ortiz-León
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Yadiel A. Rivera-López
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Camily Morales-López
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Melanie E. Cruz-Robles
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Elvin R. Hernández-Cordero
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Shonagh Russell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology, School of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Regina Whitaker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology, School of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Margarita Bonilla-Claudio
- School of Dental Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
- Division of Cancer Biology, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Dung-Tsa Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Julie Dutil
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
- Division of Cancer Biology, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR, USA
- Division of Women's Health, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Gaillard
- Departments of Oncology and Gynecology and Obstetrics, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John S. Yi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Previs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecology Oncology, School of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Guillermo N. Armaiz-Pena
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
- Division of Cancer Biology, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR, USA
- Division of Women's Health, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR, USA
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10
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Taylor CA, Watson RA, Tong O, Ye W, Nassiri I, Gilchrist JJ, de Los Aires AV, Sharma PK, Koturan S, Cooper RA, Woodcock VK, Jungkurth E, Shine B, Coupe N, Payne MJ, Church DN, Naranbhai V, Groha S, Emery P, Mankia K, Freedman ML, Choueiri TK, Middleton MR, Gusev A, Fairfax BP. IL7 genetic variation and toxicity to immune checkpoint blockade in patients with melanoma. Nat Med 2022; 28:2592-2600. [PMID: 36526722 PMCID: PMC9800275 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) frequently triggers immune-related adverse events (irAEs), causing considerable morbidity. In 214 patients receiving ICB for melanoma, we observed increased severe irAE risk in minor allele carriers of rs16906115, intronic to IL7. We found that rs16906115 forms a B cell-specific expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) to IL7 in patients. Patients carrying the risk allele demonstrate increased pre-treatment B cell IL7 expression, which independently associates with irAE risk, divergent immunoglobulin expression and more B cell receptor mutations. Consistent with the role of IL-7 in T cell development, risk allele carriers have distinct ICB-induced CD8+ T cell subset responses, skewing of T cell clonality and greater proportional repertoire occupancy by large clones. Finally, analysis of TCGA data suggests that risk allele carriers independently have improved melanoma survival. These observations highlight key roles for B cells and IL-7 in both ICB response and toxicity and clinical outcomes in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A Taylor
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert A Watson
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Orion Tong
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Weiyu Ye
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Isar Nassiri
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James J Gilchrist
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alba Verge de Los Aires
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Piyush Kumar Sharma
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Surya Koturan
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rosalin A Cooper
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Victoria K Woodcock
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Elsita Jungkurth
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Brian Shine
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas Coupe
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Miranda J Payne
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - David N Church
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vivek Naranbhai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
| | - Stefan Groha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Kulveer Mankia
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew L Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark R Middleton
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander Gusev
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin P Fairfax
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
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11
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Inflammatory Cytokines That Enhance Antigen Responsiveness of Naïve CD8 + T Lymphocytes Modulate Chromatin Accessibility of Genes Impacted by Antigen Stimulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214122. [PMID: 36430600 PMCID: PMC9698886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Naïve CD8+ T lymphocytes exposed to certain inflammatory cytokines undergo proliferation and display increased sensitivity to antigens. Such 'cytokine priming' can promote the activation of potentially autoreactive and antitumor CD8+ T cells by weak tissue antigens and tumor antigens. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of cytokine priming, naïve PMEL-1 TCR transgenic CD8+ T lymphocytes were stimulated with IL-15 and IL-21, and chromatin accessibility was assessed using the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC) sequencing. PMEL-1 cells stimulated by the cognate antigenic peptide mgp10025-33 served as controls. Cytokine-primed cells showed a limited number of opening and closing chromatin accessibility peaks compared to antigen-stimulated cells. However, the ATACseq peaks in cytokine-primed cells substantially overlapped with those of antigen-stimulated cells and mapped to several genes implicated in T cell signaling, activation, effector differentiation, negative regulation and exhaustion. Nonetheless, the expression of most of these genes was remarkably different between cytokine-primed and antigen-stimulated cells. In addition, cytokine priming impacted the expression of several genes following antigen stimulation in a synergistic or antagonistic manner. Our findings indicate that chromatin accessibility changes in cytokine-primed naïve CD8+ T cells not only underlie their increased antigen responsiveness but may also enhance their functional fitness by reducing exhaustion without compromising regulatory controls.
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12
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Kazakov OV, Poveshchenko AF, Kabakov AV, Konenkov VI. Correlation of Cytokine Content in the Lymph with the Morphological Parameters of the Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Adjuvant Therapy of Experimental Breast Cancer with the Use of Fragmented Human DNA. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 174:104-108. [PMID: 36437316 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the relationship between the level of cytokines in the lymph of the thoracic duct and the morphometric parameters of the mesenteric lymph nodes after surgical treatment of breast cancer, chemotherapy, and administration of fragmented (double-stranded, dsDNA) human DNA. In comparison with surgical treatment and with chemotherapy alone, administration of a human dsDNA has a stimulating effect on the T-cell link of the immune response. In the paracortical zone, the relationship between the chemokine MCP-1 and increased content of small lymphocytes in this zone was revealed. Interrelations of IL-2 cytokines with small lymphocytes and of IL-4 with medium lymphocytes were revealed in germinal centers. We also observed interrelations of IL-7 with small lymphocytes and IL-4 with macrophages in the medullary cords, chemokine MIP-1α with immature and mature plasma cells (the number of these cells is reduced), and of MCP-1 with immunoblasts (the number of which is also reduced) in the medullary sinuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Kazakov
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - A F Poveshchenko
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A V Kabakov
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V I Konenkov
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology - Affiliated Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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13
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Tvedt THA, Rose-John S, Tsykunova G, Ahmed AB, Gedde-Dahl T, Ersvær E, Bruserud Ø. IL-6 Responsiveness of CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Differs between Patients and Is Associated with Previous Acute Graft versus Host Disease and Pretransplant Antithymocyte Globulin Therapy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092530. [PMID: 35566660 PMCID: PMC9104003 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), one of the most common and serious complications after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, is mediated by allocative T cells. IL-6 mediates both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects and modulates T cell response through classical signaling and trans-signaling. We investigated the effects on the mTOR and JAK/STAT pathways after various types of IL-6 signaling for circulating T cells were derived from 31 allotransplant recipients 90 days post-transplant. Cells were stimulated with IL-6 alone, hyper-IL-6 (trans-signaling), IL-6+IL-6 receptor (IL-6R; classical + trans-signaling) and IL-6+IL-6R+soluble gp130-Fc (classical signaling), and flow cytometry was used to investigate the effects on phosphorylation of AKT (Thr308), mTOR (Ser2442), STAT3 (Ser727) and STAT3 (Tyr705). CD3+CD4+ and CD3+C8+ T cells responded to classical and trans IL-6 stimulation with increased STAT3 (Tyr705) phosphorylation; these responses were generally stronger for CD3+CD4+ cells. STAT3 (Tyr705) responses were stronger for patients with previous acute GVHD; CD3+CD4+ cells from GVHD patients showed an additional STAT3 (Ser727) response, whereas patients without acute GVHD showed additional mTOR (Ser2448) responses. Furthermore, treatment with antithymocyte globulin as a part of GVHD prophylaxis was associated with generally weaker STAT3 (Tyr705) responses and altered STAT3 (Ser727) responsiveness of CD3+CD4+ cells together with increased mTOR (Ser2448) responses for the CD3+CD8+ cells. Thus, early post-transplant CD3+CD4+ and CD3+ CD8+ T cell subsets differ in their IL-6 responsiveness; this responsiveness is modulated by antithymocyte globulin and differs between patients with and without previous acute GVHD. These observations suggest that allotransplant recipients will be heterogeneous with regard to the effects of post-transplant IL-6 targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor Henrik Anderson Tvedt
- Department of Hematology, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway;
- Section for Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway;
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (G.T.); (A.B.A.)
- Correspondence: Correspondence:
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24118 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Galina Tsykunova
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (G.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Aymen Bushra Ahmed
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (G.T.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Tobias Gedde-Dahl
- Department of Hematology, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Ersvær
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Scientist Education, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 5063 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Section for Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway;
- Section for Hematology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (G.T.); (A.B.A.)
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14
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Goncharov MM, Bryushkova EA, Sharaev NI, Skatova VD, Baryshnikova AM, Sharonov GV, Karnaukhov V, Vakhitova MT, Samoylenko IV, Demidov LV, Lukyanov S, Chudakov DM, Serebrovskaya EO. Pinpointing the tumor-specific T-cells via TCR clusters. eLife 2022; 11:77274. [PMID: 35377314 PMCID: PMC9023053 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is a promising approach to cancer immunotherapy, but its efficiency fundamentally depends on the extent of tumor-specific T cell enrichment within the graft. This can be estimated via activation with identifiable neoantigens, tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), or living or lysed tumor cells, but these approaches remain laborious, time-consuming, and functionally limited, hampering clinical development of ACT. Here, we demonstrate that homology cluster analysis of T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires efficiently identifies tumor-reactive TCRs allowing to: (1) detect their presence within the pool of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs); (2) optimize TIL culturing conditions, with IL-2low/IL-21/anti-PD-1 combination showing increased efficiency; (3) investigate surface marker-based enrichment for tumor-targeting T cells in freshly isolated TILs (enrichment confirmed for CD4+ and CD8+ PD-1+/CD39+ subsets), or re-stimulated TILs (informs on enrichment in 4-1BB-sorted cells). We believe that this approach to the rapid assessment of tumor-specific TCR enrichment should accelerate T cell therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail M Goncharov
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Nikita I Sharaev
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valeria D Skatova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya M Baryshnikova
- Genomics of Adaptive Immunity Department, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - George V Sharonov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Karnaukhov
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria T Vakhitova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Samoylenko
- Oncodermatology Department, NN Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lev V Demidov
- Oncodermatology Department, NN Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Lukyanov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitriy M Chudakov
- Department of genomics of adaptive immunity, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
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15
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Gaur P, Mkrtichyan M, Verma V, Jafarzadeh N, Hattar M, Gupta S, Khleif SN. PI3K Isoforms in CD8 + T Cell Development and Function. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:217-234. [PMID: 36243846 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are an essential part of the immune system and play a vital role in defending against tumors and infections. The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), especially class I, is involved in numerous interrelated signaling pathways which control CD8+ T cell development, maturation, migration, activation, and differentiation. While CD8+ T lymphocytes express all class I PI3K isoforms (PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kγ), isoform-specific functions, especially for PI3Kα and PI3Kβ have not been fully elucidated. A few studies suggest the important role of p110δ and p110γ in CD8+ T cell activation, signaling, chemotaxis and function and several clinical trials are currently testing the effect of isoform-specific inhibitors in various types of cancers, including Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Peripheral T cell Lymphoma, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), head & neck cancer, and breast cancer. This chapter summarizes current knowledge of the roles of various PI3K isoforms and downstream signaling pathways in regulating CD8+ T cell fate, including cell proliferation, migration, and memory generation. We also discuss certain clinical trials employing PI3K inhibitors for cancer therapy, their limitations, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Gaur
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mikayel Mkrtichyan
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vivek Verma
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nazli Jafarzadeh
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mariana Hattar
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Seema Gupta
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Samir N Khleif
- The Loop Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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16
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Ciecko AE, Schauder DM, Foda B, Petrova G, Kasmani MY, Burns R, Lin CW, Drobyski WR, Cui W, Chen YG. Self-Renewing Islet TCF1 + CD8 T Cells Undergo IL-27-Controlled Differentiation to Become TCF1 - Terminal Effectors during the Progression of Type 1 Diabetes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1990-2004. [PMID: 34507949 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In type 1 diabetes (T1D) autoreactive CD8 T cells infiltrate pancreatic islets and destroy insulin-producing β cells. Progression to T1D onset is a chronic process, which suggests that the effector activity of β-cell autoreactive CD8 T cells needs to be maintained throughout the course of disease development. The mechanism that sustains diabetogenic CD8 T cell effectors during the course of T1D progression has not been completely defined. Here we used single-cell RNA sequencing to gain further insight into the phenotypic complexity of islet-infiltrating CD8 T cells in NOD mice. We identified two functionally distinct subsets of activated CD8 T cells, CD44highTCF1+CXCR6- and CD44highTCF1-CXCR6+, in islets of prediabetic NOD mice. Compared with CD44highTCF1+CXCR6- CD8 T cells, the CD44highTCF1-CXCR6+ subset expressed higher levels of inhibitory and cytotoxic molecules and was more prone to apoptosis. Adoptive cell transfer experiments revealed that CD44highTCF1+CXCR6- CD8 T cells, through continuous generation of the CD44highTCF1-CXCR6+ subset, were more capable than the latter population to promote insulitis and the development of T1D. We further showed that direct IL-27 signaling in CD8 T cells promoted the generation of terminal effectors from the CD44highTCF1+CXCR6- population. These results indicate that islet CD44highTCF1+CXCR6- CD8 T cells are a progenitor-like subset with self-renewing capacity, and, under an IL-27-controlled mechanism, they differentiate into the CD44highTCF1-CXCR6+ terminal effector population. Our study provides new insight into the sustainability of the CD8 T cell response in the pathogenesis of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Ciecko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - David M Schauder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.,Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Bardees Foda
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.,Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Enzymology, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Galina Petrova
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Moujtaba Y Kasmani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.,Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - Chien-Wei Lin
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Society, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; and
| | - William R Drobyski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.,Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Yi-Guang Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; .,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.,Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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17
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Gong Y, Yang J, Li X, Zhou C, Chen Y, Wang Z, Qiu X, Liu Y, Zhang H, Greenbaum J, Cheng L, Hu Y, Xie J, Yang X, Li Y, Bai Y, Wang YP, Chen Y, Tan LJ, Shen H, Xiao HM, Deng HW. A systematic dissection of human primary osteoblasts in vivo at single-cell resolution. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:20629-20650. [PMID: 34428745 PMCID: PMC8436943 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human osteoblasts are multifunctional bone cells, which play essential roles in bone formation, angiogenesis regulation, as well as maintenance of hematopoiesis. However, the categorization of primary osteoblast subtypes in vivo in humans has not yet been achieved. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to perform a systematic cellular taxonomy dissection of freshly isolated human osteoblasts from one 31-year-old male with osteoarthritis and osteopenia after hip replacement. Based on the gene expression patterns and cell lineage reconstruction, we identified three distinct cell clusters including preosteoblasts, mature osteoblasts, and an undetermined rare osteoblast subpopulation. This novel subtype was found to be the major source of the nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 and 2 (NR4A1 and NR4A2) in primary osteoblasts, and the expression of NR4A1 was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining on mouse osteoblasts in vivo. Trajectory inference analysis suggested that the undetermined cluster, together with the preosteoblasts, are involved in the regulation of osteoblastogenesis and also give rise to mature osteoblasts. Investigation of the biological processes and signaling pathways enriched in each subpopulation revealed that in addition to bone formation, preosteoblasts and undetermined osteoblasts may also regulate both angiogenesis and hemopoiesis. Finally, we demonstrated that there are systematic differences between the transcriptional profiles of human and mouse osteoblasts, highlighting the necessity for studying bone physiological processes in humans rather than solely relying on mouse models. Our findings provide novel insights into the cellular heterogeneity and potential biological functions of human primary osteoblasts at the single-cell level.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/metabolism
- Osteoblasts/cytology
- Osteoblasts/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Single-Cell Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gong
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Junxiao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Cui Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Zun Wang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xiang Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Huixi Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jonathan Greenbaum
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xuecheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yuntong Bai
- Tulane Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Tulane Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yiping Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Li-Jun Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hong-Mei Xiao
- Center of Reproductive Health, System Biology and Data Information, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410081, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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18
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Gallbladder Interleukins in Children with Calculous Cholecystitis. Pediatr Rep 2021; 13:470-482. [PMID: 34449702 PMCID: PMC8396171 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric13030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calculous cholecystitis connects to inflammation and various complications. It is a common disease in the paediatric population, yet it is still uncertain how inflammation factors are involved in its morphopathogenesis. Twenty calculous cholecystitis surgery tissue samples were obtained from 20 children. As a control, seven unaffected gallbladders were used. Tissues were immunohistochemically stained for IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17A, and the slides were inspected by light microscopy. To evaluate statistical differences and correlations between interleukins, Mann-Whitney U and Spearman's tests were used. Statistically significant difference between patient and control gallbladder epithelium was for IL-1α and IL-17A, but connective tissue-IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, and IL-17A positive structures. A strong positive correlation in patients was detected between epithelial IL-1α and IL-1α in connective tissue, epithelial IL-6 and IL-7, IL-6 and IL-17A, IL-7 and IL-10, IL-7 and IL-17A, as well as between IL-6 and IL-7, IL-7 and IL-10 in connective tissue. The increase of IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8 and IL-17A positive structures suggests their role in the morphopathogenesis of calculous cholecystitis. The correlations between interleukins in epithelium and in connective tissues prove that the epithelial barrier function and inflammatory response in deeper layers are sustained through intercellular signalling pathways.
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Pritzl CJ, Daniels MA, Teixeiro E. Interplay of Inflammatory, Antigen and Tissue-Derived Signals in the Development of Resident CD8 Memory T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636240. [PMID: 34234771 PMCID: PMC8255970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8 positive, tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) are a specialized subset of CD8 memory T cells that surveil tissues and provide critical first-line protection against tumors and pathogen re-infection. Recently, much effort has been dedicated to understanding the function, phenotype and development of TRM. A myriad of signals is involved in the development and maintenance of resident memory T cells in tissue. Much of the initial research focused on the roles tissue-derived signals play in the development of TRM, including TGFß and IL-33 which are critical for the upregulation of CD69 and CD103. However, more recent data suggest further roles for antigenic and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review will focus on the interplay of pro-inflammatory, tissue and antigenic signals in the establishment of resident memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emma Teixeiro
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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20
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Prairie E, Côté F, Tsakpinoglou M, Mina M, Quiniou C, Leimert K, Olson D, Chemtob S. The determinant role of IL-6 in the establishment of inflammation leading to spontaneous preterm birth. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 59:118-130. [PMID: 33551331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) and its consequences are a major public health concern as preterm delivery is the main cause of mortality and morbidity at birth. There are many causes of PTB, but inflammation is undeniably associated with the process of premature childbirth and fetal injury. At present, treatments clinically available mostly involve attempt to arrest contractions (tocolytics) but do not directly address upstream maternal inflammation on development of the fetus. One of the possible solutions may lie in the modulation of inflammatory mediators. Of the many pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the induction of PTB, IL-6 stands out for its pleiotropic effects and its involvement in both acute and chronic inflammation. Here, we provide a detailed review of the effects of IL-6 on the timing of childbirth, its occurrence during PTB and its indissociable roles with associated fetal tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Prairie
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - France Côté
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marika Tsakpinoglou
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Michael Mina
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Christiane Quiniou
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Canada.
| | - Kelycia Leimert
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - David Olson
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1J4, Canada.
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21
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Lazarski CA, Datar AA, Reynolds EK, Keller MD, Bollard CM, Hanley PJ. Identification of new cytokine combinations for antigen-specific T-cell therapy products via a high-throughput multi-parameter assay. Cytotherapy 2020; 23:65-76. [PMID: 32921560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Infusion of viral-specific T cells (VSTs) is an effective treatment for viral infection after stem cell transplant. Current manufacturing approaches are rapid, but growth conditions can still be further improved. To optimize VST cell products, the authors designed a high-throughput flow cytometry-based assay using 40 cytokine combinations in a 96-well plate to fully characterize T-cell viability, function, growth and differentiation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from six consenting donors were seeded at 100 000 cells per well with pools of cytomegalovirus peptides from IE1 and pp65 and combinations of IL-15, IL-6, IL-21, interferon alpha, IL-12, IL-18, IL-4 and IL-7. Ten-day cultures were tested by 13-color flow cytometry to evaluate viable cell count, lymphocyte phenotype, memory markers and interferon gamma (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) expression. Combinations of IL-15/IL-6 and IL-4/IL-7 were optimal for the expansion of viral-specific CD3+ T cells, (18-fold and 14-fold, respectively, compared with unstimulated controls). CD8+ T cells expanded 24-fold in IL-15/IL-6 and 9-fold in IL-4/IL-7 cultures (P < 0.0001). CD4+ T cells expanded 27-fold in IL-4/IL-7 and 15-fold in IL-15/IL-6 (P < 0.0001). CD45RO+ CCR7- effector memory (CD45RO+ CCR7- CD3+), central memory (CD45RO+ CCR7+ CD3+), terminal effector (CD45RO- CCR7- CD3+), and naive (CD45RO- CCR7+ CD3+). T cells were the preponderant cells (76.8% and 72.3% in IL-15/IL-6 and IL-15/IL-7 cultures, respectively). Cells cultured in both cytokine conditions were potent, with 19.4% of CD3+ cells cultured in IL-15/IL-6 producing IFNγ (7.6% producing both TNFα and IFNγ) and 18.5% of CD3+ cells grown in IL-4/IL-7 producing IFNγ (9% producing both TNFα and IFNγ). This study shows the utility of this single-plate assay to rapidly identify optimal growth conditions for VST manufacture using only 107 PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Lazarski
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anushree A Datar
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Emily K Reynolds
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael D Keller
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; The George Washington University Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Patrick J Hanley
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; The George Washington University Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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22
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Ochando J, Fayad ZA, Madsen JC, Netea MG, Mulder WJM. Trained immunity in organ transplantation. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:10-18. [PMID: 31561273 PMCID: PMC6940521 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Consistent induction of donor-specific unresponsiveness in the absence of continuous immunosuppressive therapy and toxic effects remains a difficult task in clinical organ transplantation. Transplant immunologists have developed numerous experimental treatments that target antigen-presentation (signal 1), costimulation (signal 2), and cytokine production (signal 3) to establish transplantation tolerance. While promising results have been obtained using therapeutic approaches that predominantly target the adaptive immune response, the long-term graft survival rates remain suboptimal. This suggests the existence of unrecognized allograft rejection mechanisms that contribute to organ failure. We postulate that trained immunity stimulatory pathways are critical to the immune response that mediates graft loss. Trained immunity is a recently discovered functional program of the innate immune system, which is characterized by nonpermanent epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming of macrophages. Since trained macrophages upregulate costimulatory molecules (signal 2) and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines (signal 3), they contribute to potent graft reactive immune responses and organ transplant rejection. In this review, we summarize the detrimental effects of trained immunity in the context of organ transplantation and describe pathways that induce macrophage training associated with graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Ochando
- Department of Oncological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York,Transplant Immunology UnitNational Center of MicrobiologyInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Zahi A. Fayad
- Department of RadiologyTranslational and Molecular Imaging InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York
| | - Joren C. Madsen
- Center for Transplantation Sciences and Division of Cardiac SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious DiseasesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands,Department for Genomics & ImmunoregulationLife and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES)University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Willem J. M. Mulder
- Department of Oncological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York,Department of RadiologyTranslational and Molecular Imaging InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York,Laboratory of Chemical BiologyDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
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23
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Alexandre YO, Mueller SN. Stromal cell networks coordinate immune response generation and maintenance. Immunol Rev 2019; 283:77-85. [PMID: 29664562 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid organs (SLO), including the spleen and lymph nodes (LN) are a meeting place for immune cells to initiate adaptive immune responses. Lymphocytes constantly circulate between SLO through the blood and lymph in search of their cognate antigen and are activated within the organized microarchitecture of SLO. Lymphoid stromal cells (LSC) of mesenchymal and endothelial origin construct and support the microarchitecture of SLO by defining distinct compartments and providing signals that can either promote or inhibit immune responses. Here, we discuss recent studies indicating that LSC, including fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC), contribute substantially to immune responses and may tune responses to secondary challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick O Alexandre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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24
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Abstract
Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, metabolic dysregulation, poor memory recall and homeostatic self-renewal, and distinct transcriptional and epigenetic programs. The ability to reinvigorate Tex cells through inhibitory receptor blockade, such as αPD-1, highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting this population. Emerging insights into the mechanisms of exhaustion are informing immunotherapies for cancer and chronic infections. However, like other immune cells, Tex cells are heterogeneous and include progenitor and terminal subsets with unique characteristics and responses to checkpoint blockade. Here, we review our current understanding of Tex cell biology, including the developmental paths, transcriptional and epigenetic features, and cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to exhaustion and how this knowledge may inform therapeutic targeting of Tex cells in chronic infections, autoimmunity, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M McLane
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; .,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Hakeem
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; .,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; .,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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25
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Smith JK. IL-6 and the dysregulation of immune, bone, muscle, and metabolic homeostasis during spaceflight. NPJ Microgravity 2018; 4:24. [PMID: 30534586 PMCID: PMC6279793 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-018-0057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that exercise-related secretion of IL-6 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells is proportionate to body weight, suggesting that IL-6 is gravisensitive and that suboptimal production of this key cytokine may contribute to homeostatic dysregulations that occur during spaceflight. This review details what is known about the role of this key cytokine in innate and adaptive immunity, hematopoiesis, and in bone, muscle and metabolic homeostasis on Earth and in the microgravity of space and suggests an experimental approach to confirm or disavow the role of IL-6 in space-related dysregulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Kelly Smith
- Departments of Academic Affairs and Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN USA
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26
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Mohamed SIA, Jantan I, Nafiah MA, Seyed MA, Chan KM. Dendritic cells pulsed with generated tumor cell lysate from Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. induces anti-tumor immune response. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:232. [PMID: 30081891 PMCID: PMC6080389 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Dendritic cells (DCs) are unique antigen presenting cells (APC) which play a pivotal role in immunotherapy and induction of an effective immune response against tumors. In the present study, 80% ethanol extract of Phyllanthus amarus was used to generate tumor lysate (TLY) derived from HCT 116 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines via induction of apoptosis. Monocyte-derived DCs were generated ex vivo from the adherent population of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The generated TLY were used to impulse DCs to investigate its effect on their cellular immune functions including antigen presentation capacity, phagocytic activity, chemotaxis capacity, T-cell proliferation and cytokines release. Methods The effect of P. amarus-generated TLY on DCs maturation was evaluated by determination of MHC class I, II and CD 11c expression as well as the co-stimulatory molecules CD 83 and 86 by using flow cytometry. The phagocytic capacity of TLY-pulsed DCs was investigated through FITC-dextran uptake by using flow cytometry. The effect on the cytokines release including IL-12, IL-6 and IL-10 was elucidated by using ELISA. The migration capacity and T cell proliferation activity of pulsed DCs were measured. The relative gene expression levels of cytokines were determined by using qRT-PCR. The major constituents of P. amarus extract were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by using validated reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. Results P. amarus-generated TLY significantly up-regulated the expression levels of MHC class I, CD 11 c, CD 83 and 86 in pulsed DCs. The release of interleukin IL-12 and IL-6 was enhanced by TLY-DCs at a ratio of 1 DC: 3 tumor apoptotic bodies (APO), however, the release of IL-10 was suppressed. The migration ability as well as allogeneic T-cell proliferation activities of loaded DCs were significantly enhanced, but their phagocytic capacity was highly attenuated. The gene expression profiles for IL-12 and IL-6 of DCs showed increase in their mRNA gene expression in TLY pulsed DCs versus unloaded and LPS-treated only DCs. Conclusion The effect of P. amarus-generated TLY on the immune effector mechanisms of DCs verified its potential to induce an in vitro anti-tumor immune response against the recognized tumor antigen.
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27
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Yip TF, Selim ASM, Lian I, Lee SMY. Advancements in Host-Based Interventions for Influenza Treatment. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1547. [PMID: 30042762 PMCID: PMC6048202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a major acute respiratory infection that causes mortality and morbidity worldwide. Two classes of conventional antivirals, M2 ion channel blockers and neuraminidase inhibitors, are mainstays in managing influenza disease to lessen symptoms while minimizing hospitalization and death in patients with severe influenza. However, the development of viral resistance to both drug classes has become a major public health concern. Vaccines are prophylaxis mainstays but are limited in efficacy due to the difficulty in matching predicted dominant viral strains to circulating strains. As such, other potential interventions are being explored. Since viruses rely on host cellular functions to replicate, recent therapeutic developments focus on targeting host factors involved in virus replication. Besides controlling virus replication, potential targets for drug development include controlling virus-induced host immune responses such as the recently suggested involvement of innate lymphoid cells and NADPH oxidases in influenza virus pathogenesis and immune cell metabolism. In this review, we will discuss the advancements in novel host-based interventions for treating influenza disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz-Fung Yip
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Aisha Sami Mohammed Selim
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ida Lian
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suki Man-Yan Lee
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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28
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Pfeffer PE, Ho TR, Mann EH, Kelly FJ, Sehlstedt M, Pourazar J, Dove RE, Sandstrom T, Mudway IS, Hawrylowicz CM. Urban particulate matter stimulation of human dendritic cells enhances priming of naive CD8 T lymphocytes. Immunology 2018; 153:502-512. [PMID: 29044495 PMCID: PMC5838419 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have consistently shown associations between elevated concentrations of urban particulate matter (UPM) air pollution and exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which are both associated with viral respiratory infections. The effects of UPM on dendritic cell (DC) -stimulated CD4 T lymphocytes have been investigated previously, but little work has focused on CD8 T-lymphocyte responses despite their importance in anti-viral immunity. To address this, we examined the effects of UPM on DC-stimulated naive CD8 T-cell responses. Expression of the maturation/activation markers CD83, CCR7, CD40 and MHC class I on human myeloid DCs (mDCs) was characterized by flow cytometry after stimulation with UPMin vitro in the presence/absence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The capacity of these mDCs to stimulate naive CD8 T-lymphocyte responses in allogeneic co-culture was then assessed by measuring T-cell cytokine secretion using cytometric bead array, and proliferation and frequency of interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing T lymphocytes by flow cytometry. Treatment of mDCs with UPM increased expression of CD83 and CCR7, but not MHC class I. In allogeneic co-cultures, UPM treatment of mDCs enhanced CD8 T-cell proliferation and the frequency of IFN-γ+ cells. The secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-13, Granzyme A and Granzyme B were also increased. GM-CSF alone, and in concert with UPM, enhanced many of these T-cell functions. The PM-induced increase in Granzyme A was confirmed in a human experimental diesel exposure study. These data demonstrate that UPM treatment of mDCs enhances priming of naive CD8 T lymphocytes and increases production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Such UPM-induced stimulation of CD8 cells may potentiate T-lymphocyte cytotoxic responses upon concurrent airway infection, increasing bystander damage to the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Pfeffer
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
- Present address:
William Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonEC1M 6BQUK
| | - Tzer R. Ho
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Elizabeth H. Mann
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Frank J. Kelly
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
- Environmental Research GroupMRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and HealthKing's College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental HazardsFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Maria Sehlstedt
- Division of MedicineDepartment of Public Health and Clinical MedicineUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Jamshid Pourazar
- Division of MedicineDepartment of Public Health and Clinical MedicineUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Rosamund E. Dove
- Environmental Research GroupMRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and HealthKing's College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental HazardsFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Thomas Sandstrom
- Division of MedicineDepartment of Public Health and Clinical MedicineUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Ian S. Mudway
- Environmental Research GroupMRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and HealthKing's College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental HazardsFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Catherine M. Hawrylowicz
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaKing's College LondonGuy's HospitalLondonUK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental HazardsFaculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
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29
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Naseem S, Hussain T, Manzoor S. Interleukin-6: A promising cytokine to support liver regeneration and adaptive immunity in liver pathologies. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 39:36-45. [PMID: 29361380 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver pathologies (fibrosis, cirrhosis, alcoholic, non-alcoholic diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma) represent one of the most common causes of death worldwide. A number of genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of liver diseases. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine, exerting variety of effects on inflammation, liver regeneration, and defence against infections by regulating adaptive immunity. Due to its high abundance in inflammatory settings, IL-6 is often viewed as a detrimental cytokine. However, accumulating evidence supports the view that IL-6 has a beneficial impact in numerous liver pathologies, due to its roles in liver regeneration and in promoting an anti-inflammatory response in certain conditions. IL-6 promotes proliferation, angiogenesis and metabolism, and downregulates apoptosis and oxidative stress; together these functions are critical for mediating hepatoprotection. IL-6 is also an important regulator of adaptive immunity where it induces T cell differentiation and regulates autoimmunity. It can augment antiviral adaptive immune responses and mitigate exhaustion of T cells during chronic infection. This review focuses on studies that present IL-6 as a key factor in regulating liver regeneration and in supporting effector immune functions and suggests that these functions of IL-6 can be exploited in treatment strategies for liver pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidrah Naseem
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Tabinda Hussain
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Sobia Manzoor
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
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Kapadia CH, Tian S, Perry JL, Sailer D, Christopher Luft J, DeSimone JM. Extending antigen release from particulate vaccines results in enhanced antitumor immune response. J Control Release 2017; 269:393-404. [PMID: 29146244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a critical role in an anti-tumor immune response. However, vaccination intended to elicit a potent CD8+ T cell responses employing tumor-associated peptide antigens, are typically ineffective due to poor immunogenicity. Previously, we engineered a polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel-based subunit vaccine for the delivery of an antigenic peptide and CpG (adjuvant) to elicit potent CTLs. In this study, we further examined the effect of antigen release kinetics on their induced immune responses. A CD8+ T cell epitope peptide from OVA (CSIINFEKL) and CpG were co-conjugated to nanoparticles utilizing either a disulfide or a thioether linkage. Subsequent studies comparing peptide release rates as a function of linker, determined that the thioether linkage provided sustained release of peptide over 72h. Ability to control the release of peptide resulted in both higher and prolonged antigen presentation when compared to disulfide-linked peptide. Both NP vaccine formulations resulted in activation and maturation of bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and induced potent CD8+ T cell responses when compared to soluble antigen and soluble CpG. Immunization with either disulfide or thioether linked vaccine constructs effectively inhibited EG7-OVA tumor growth in mice, however only treatment with the thioether linked vaccine construct resulted in enhanced survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan H Kapadia
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shaomin Tian
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jillian L Perry
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David Sailer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J Christopher Luft
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joseph M DeSimone
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Abstract
In healthy individuals, metabolically quiescent T cells survey lymph nodes and peripheral tissues in search of cognate antigens. During infection, T cells that encounter cognate antigens are activated and - in a context-specific manner - proliferate and/or differentiate to become effector T cells. This process is accompanied by important changes in cellular metabolism (known as metabolic reprogramming). The magnitude and spectrum of metabolic reprogramming as it occurs in T cells in the context of acute infection ensure host survival. By contrast, altered T cell metabolism, and hence function, is also observed in various disease states, in which T cells actively contribute to pathology. In this Review, we introduce the idea that the spectrum of immune cell metabolic states can provide a basis for categorizing human diseases. Specifically, we first summarize the metabolic and interlinked signalling requirements of T cells responding to acute infection. We then discuss how metabolic reprogramming of T cells is linked to disease.
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Pangrazzi L, Naismith E, Meryk A, Keller M, Jenewein B, Trieb K, Grubeck-Loebenstein B. Increased IL-15 Production and Accumulation of Highly Differentiated CD8 + Effector/Memory T Cells in the Bone Marrow of Persons with Cytomegalovirus. Front Immunol 2017; 8:715. [PMID: 28674537 PMCID: PMC5474847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been described as a contributor to immunosenescence, thus exacerbating age-related diseases. In persons with latent CMV infection, the CD8+ T cell compartment is irreversibly changed, leading to the accumulation of highly differentiated virus-specific CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood. The bone marrow (BM) has been shown to play a major role in the long-term survival of antigen-experienced T cells. Effector CD8+ T cells are preferentially maintained by the cytokine IL-15, the expression of which increases in old age. However, the impact of CMV on the phenotype of effector CD8+ T cells and on the production of T cell survival molecules in the BM is not yet known. We now show, using BM samples obtained from persons who underwent hip replacement surgery because of osteoarthrosis, that senescent CD8+ TEMRA cells with a bright expression of CD45RA and a high responsiveness to IL-15 accumulate in the BM of CMV-infected persons. A negative correlation was found between CMV antibody (Ab) titers in the serum and the expression of CD28 and IL-7Rα in CD8+ [Formula: see text] cells. Increased IL-15 mRNA levels were observed in the BM of CMV+ compared to CMV- persons, being particularly high in old seropositive individuals. In summary, our results indicate that a BM environment rich in IL-15 may play an important role in the maintenance of highly differentiated CD8+ T cells generated after CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pangrazzi
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Erin Naismith
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Meryk
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Keller
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Brigitte Jenewein
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klemens Trieb
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Wels-Grieskirchen, Wels, Austria
| | - Beatrix Grubeck-Loebenstein
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Ilangumaran S, Bobbala D, Ramanathan S. SOCS1: Regulator of T Cells in Autoimmunity and Cancer. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2017; 410:159-189. [PMID: 28900678 DOI: 10.1007/82_2017_63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SOCS1 is a negative feedback regulator of cytokine and growth factor receptor signaling, and plays an indispensable role in attenuating interferon gamma signaling. Studies on SOCS1-deficient mice have established a crucial role for SOCS1 in regulating CD8+ T cell homeostasis. In the thymus, SOCS1 prevents thymocytes that had failed positive selection from surviving and expanding, ensures negative selection and prevents inappropriate developmental skewing toward the CD8 lineage. In the periphery, SOCS1 not only controls production of T cell stimulatory cytokines but also attenuates the sensitivity of CD8+ T cells to synergistic cytokine stimulation and antigen non-specific activation. As cytokine stimulation of CD8+ T lymphocytes increases their sensitivity to low affinity TCR ligands, SOCS1 likely contributes to peripheral T cell tolerance by putting brakes on aberrant T cell activation driven by inflammatory cytokines. In addition, SOCS1 is critical to maintain the stability of T regulatory cells and control their plasticity to become pathogenic Th17 and Th1 cells under the harmful influence of inflammatory cytokines. SOCS1 also regulates T cell activation by dendritic cells via modulating their generation, maturation, antigen presentation, costimulatory signaling, and cytokine production. The above control mechanisms of SOCS1 on T cells, T regulatory cells and dendritic cells collectively contribute to immunological tolerance and prevent autoimmune manifestation. On other hand, silencing SOCS1 in dendritic cells or CD8+ T cells stimulates efficient antitumor immunity. Thus, even though SOCS1 is not a cell surface checkpoint inhibitor, its regulatory functions on T cell responses qualify SOCS1as a "non-classical" checkpoint blocker. SOCS1 also functions as a tumor suppressor in cancer cells by regulating oncogenic signal transduction pathways. The loss of SOCS1 expression observed in many tumors may have an impact on classical checkpoint pathways. The potential to exploit SOCS1 to treat inflammatory/autoimmune diseases and elicit antitumor immunity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 North 12th avenue, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Diwakar Bobbala
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 North 12th avenue, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 North 12th avenue, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
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Hassanzadeh-Kiabi N, Yáñez A, Dang I, Martins GA, Underhill DM, Goodridge HS. Autocrine Type I IFN Signaling in Dendritic Cells Stimulated with Fungal β-Glucans or Lipopolysaccharide Promotes CD8 T Cell Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:375-382. [PMID: 27872213 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Type I IFNs are key mediators of immune defense against viruses and bacteria. Type I IFNs were also previously implicated in protection against fungal infection, but their roles in antifungal immunity have not been thoroughly investigated. A recent study demonstrated that bacterial and fungal β-glucans stimulate IFN-β production by dendritic cells (DCs) following detection by the Dectin-1 receptor, but the effects of β-glucan-induced type I IFNs have not been defined. We investigated whether type I IFNs regulate CD8 T cell activation by fungal β-glucan particle-stimulated DCs. We demonstrate that β-glucan-stimulated DCs induce CD8 T cell proliferation, activation marker (CD44 and CD69) expression, and production of IFN-γ, IL-2, and granzyme B. Moreover, we show that type I IFNs support robust CD8 T cell activation (proliferation and IFN-γ and granzyme B production) by β-glucan-stimulated DCs in vitro and in vivo due to autocrine effects on the DCs. Specifically, type I IFNs promote Ag presentation on MHC I molecules, CD86 and CD40 expression, and the production of IL-12 p70, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α by β-glucan-stimulated DCs. We also demonstrate a role for autocrine type I IFN signaling in bacterial LPS-induced DC maturation, although, in the context of LPS stimulation, this mechanism is not so critical for CD8 T cell activation (promotes IFN-γ production but not proliferation or granzyme B production). This study provides insight into the mechanisms underlying CD8 T cell activation during infection, which may be useful in the rational design of vaccines directed against pathogens and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargess Hassanzadeh-Kiabi
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048.,Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Alberto Yáñez
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048.,Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Ivy Dang
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048.,Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Gislâine A Martins
- Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048.,F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; and
| | - David M Underhill
- Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048.,F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; and
| | - Helen S Goodridge
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; .,Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048.,F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; and.,Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
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35
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Ruck T, Bittner S, Afzali AM, Göbel K, Glumm S, Kraft P, Sommer C, Kleinschnitz C, Preuße C, Stenzel W, Wiendl H, Meuth SG. The NKG2D-IL-15 signaling pathway contributes to T-cell mediated pathology in inflammatory myopathies. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43230-43. [PMID: 26646698 PMCID: PMC4791228 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
NKG2D is an activating receptor on T cells, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. T cells are critically involved in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and have been proposed as specific therapeutic targets. However, the mechanisms underlying T cell-mediated progressive muscle destruction in IIM remain to be elucidated. We here determined the involvement of the NKG2D – IL-15 signaling pathway. Primary human myoblasts expressed NKG2D ligands, which were further upregulated upon inflammatory stimuli. In parallel, shedding of the soluble NKG2D ligand MICA (sMICA) decreased upon inflammation potentially diminishing inhibition of NKG2D signaling. Membrane-related expression of IL-15 by myoblasts induced differentiation of naïve CD8+ T cells into highly activated, cytotoxic CD8+NKG2Dhigh T cells demonstrating NKG2D-dependent lysis of myoblasts in vitro. CD8+NKG2Dhigh T cell frequencies were increased in the peripheral blood of polymyositis (PM) patients and correlated with serum creatinine kinase concentrations, while serum sMICA levels were not significantly changed. In muscle biopsy specimens from PM patients expression of the NKG2D ligand MICA/B was upregulated, IL-15 was expressed by muscle cells, CD68+ macrophages as well as CD4+ T cells, and CD8+NKG2D+ cells were frequently detected within inflammatory infiltrates arguing for a local signaling circuit in the inflammatory muscle milieu. In conclusion, the NKG2D – IL-15 signaling pathway contributes to progressive muscle destruction in IIM potentially opening new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Göbel
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sarah Glumm
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Sommer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Corinna Preuße
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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36
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Hotz C, Treinies M, Mottas I, Rötzer LC, Oberson A, Spagnuolo L, Perdicchio M, Spinetti T, Herbst T, Bourquin C. Reprogramming of TLR7 signaling enhances antitumor NK and cytotoxic T cell responses. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1232219. [PMID: 27999742 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1232219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 agonists are effective in topical application for the immunotherapy of skin cancers, but their performance for the systemic treatment of solid tumors is limited by the development of TLR tolerance. In this study, we describe a novel strategy to overcome TLR tolerance and enhance TLR7-dependent antitumor immune responses through reprogramming of TLR signaling pathways. The sensitivity of TLR7 signaling in dendritic cells (DC) was increased by prior stimulation with the dsRNA poly(I:C) that mimics virally induced immune activation. Timing of the stimulations was important, as sequential stimulation with poly(I:C) and the TLR7 agonist R848 interspaced by 24 h induced higher MAPK and NFkB signaling in DC than the simultaneous application of the same ligands. DC activated by sequential poly(I:C)/R848 stimulation efficiently induced Th1 differentiation and primed NK-cell and cytotoxic T-cell responses. We have developed a treatment regimen taking advantage of TLR7 reprogram-ming that cured over 80% of large immunogenic tumors in mice by the action of NK cells and cytotoxic T cells. These results have direct implications for the use of these clinically established ligands in the immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hotz
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg , Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marina Treinies
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg , Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ines Mottas
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, and Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurin C Rötzer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Oberson
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg , Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Spagnuolo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg , Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Perdicchio
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg , Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Thibaud Spinetti
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg , Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tina Herbst
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg , Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Carole Bourquin
- Chair of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, and Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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37
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Bobbala D, Orkhis S, Kandhi R, Ramanathan S, Ilangumaran S. Interleukin-21-dependent modulation of T cell antigen receptor reactivity towards low affinity peptide ligands in autoreactive CD8(+) T lymphocytes. Cytokine 2016; 85:83-91. [PMID: 27300756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
IL-21 promotes autoimmune type-1 diabetes (T1D) in NOD mice by facilitating CD4(+) T cell help to CD8(+) T cells. IL-21 also enables autoreactive CD8(+) T cells to respond to weak TCR ligands and induce T1D. Here, we assessed whether IL-21 is essential for T1D induction in a mouse model where the disease can occur independently of CD4 help. In this model, which expresses lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) glycoprotein (GP) antigen under the rat insulin promoter (RIP-GP), LCMV infection activates CD8(+) T cells reactive to the GP-derived GP33 peptide that attack pancreatic islets and cause T1D. We show that IL-21 deficiency in RIP-GP mice did not impair T1D induction by LCMV expressing the wildtype GP33 peptide. Surprisingly, LCMV-L6F, expressing a weak peptide mimic of GP33, induced T1D more efficiently in Il21(-/-)RIP-GP mice than in controls. However, LCMV-C4Y expressing a very weak peptide mimic of GP33 did not induce T1D in Il21(-/-) mice, but T cells from the infected mice caused disease in lymphopenic RIP-GP mice upon adoptive transfer. Using Nur77(GFP) reporter mice, we show that CD8(+) T cells from Il21(-/-) mice expressing the GP33-specific transgenic P14 TCR showed increased reactivity towards low affinity TCR ligands. Collectively, our findings show that IL-21 is not always required for T1D induction by autoreactive CD8(+) T cells, and suggest that IL-21 may play an important role in regulating CD8(+) T cell reactivity towards low affinity TCR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwakar Bobbala
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Sakina Orkhis
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Rajani Kandhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada.
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38
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Serbanescu MA, Ramonell KM, Hadley A, Margoles LM, Mittal R, Lyons JD, Liang Z, Coopersmith CM, Ford ML, McConnell KW. Attrition of memory CD8 T cells during sepsis requires LFA-1. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:1167-1180. [PMID: 27286793 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a1215-563rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8 T cell loss and dysfunction have been implicated in the increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections during the later immunosuppressive phase of sepsis, but CD8 T cell activation and attrition in early sepsis remain incompletely understood. With the use of a CLP model, we assessed CD8 T cell activation at 5 consecutive time points and found that activation after sepsis results in a distinct phenotype (CD69+CD25intCD62LHI) independent of cognate antigen recognition and TCR engagement and likely through bystander-mediated cytokine effects. Additionally, we observed that sepsis concurrently results in the preferential depletion of a subset of memory-phenotype CD8 T cells that remain "unactivated" (i.e., fail to up-regulate activation markers) by apoptosis. Unactivated CD44HI OT-I cells were spared from sepsis-induced attrition, as were memory-phenotype CD8 T cells of mice treated with anti-LFA-1 mAb, 1 h after CLP. Perhaps most importantly, we demonstrate that attrition of memory phenotype cells may have a pathologic significance, as elevated IL-6 levels were associated with decreased numbers of memory-phenotype CD8 T cells in septic mice, and preservation of this subset after administration of anti-LFA-1 mAb conferred improved survival at 7 d. Taken together, these data identify potentially modifiable responses of memory-phenotype CD8 T cells in early sepsis and may be particularly important in the application of immunomodulatory therapies in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara A Serbanescu
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kimberly M Ramonell
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Annette Hadley
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lindsay M Margoles
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; and
| | - Rohit Mittal
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John D Lyons
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhe Liang
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Craig M Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Department of Surgery and Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kevin W McConnell
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;
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39
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Polysaccharide peptides from Coriolus versicolor exert differential immunomodulatory effects on blood lymphocytes and breast cancer cell line MCF-7 in vitro. Immunol Lett 2016; 174:37-44. [PMID: 27091479 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The protein-bound polysaccharides (PBP), isolated from Coriolus versicolor (CV) fungus, are considered as natural compounds with potential therapeutic applications. The immunopotentiating and antitumor activity of polysaccharopeptides has been previously examined, however similar findings could not be achieved. The source of PBP, variations in extraction process as well as environmental factors seems to affect the biological properties of these active CV components. Since further analysis are needed to draw more definite conclusion, the present study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of the PBP extract, isolated from commercially available capsules of C. versicolor. Our results revealed that the effect mediated by PBP extract depends on the target cells. We reported that the polysaccharopeptides induced a significant decrease in breast cancer MCF-7 cells growth, which was TNF-α-dependent phenomenon. Interestingly, the level of two others cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6 was not affected. On the other hand, in this study we noticed that protein-bound polysaccharides extracted from CV significantly augmented the proliferative response of blood lymphocytes in a time-dependent manner, which was associated with IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA upregulation. Moreover we found that the cells response to PBP stimuli might be inversely related to its concentration.
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40
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Expansion of CD8(+) T cells lacking the IL-6 receptor α chain in patients with coronary artery diseases (CAD). Atherosclerosis 2016; 249:44-51. [PMID: 27062409 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) is closely associated with chronic inflammatory processes. CD8(+) T cells are a key participant in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the major cause of CAD; however, it remains unclear which CD8(+) T-cell subset is responsible. We investigated the immunological features of CD8(+) T cells expressing low and high levels of the IL-6 receptor α chain (IL-6Rα), a cytokine known to play a key role in cardiovascular diseases. METHODS The expression of IL-6Rα on CD8(+) T cells and its association with plasma levels of soluble components of the IL-6/IL-6Rs as well as with clinical parameters were analyzed using FACS analysis and ELISA of CAD patients and age-matched healthy controls (HCs). Immunological characteristics of CD8(+) T cells expressing low and high levels of IL-6Rα (CD8(+)IL-6Rα(low or high)) were examined by in vitro culture and intracellular FACS analysis. RESULTS CAD patients had higher frequencies of circulating CD8(+)IL-6Rα(low) effector memory (EM) T cells compared with HCs (median frequency; 74.59% vs. 60.09%, p = 0.0158). Expanded CD8(+)IL-6Rα(low) T cells positively correlated with the frequency of senescent, cytotoxic CD8(+)CD57(+) T cells (r = 0.6655, p < 0.0001) and plasma IL-6 level (r = 0.3995, p = 0.0432) in CAD patients. Loss of IL-6Rα expression on CD8(+) T cells was induced by the combination of IL-6 and IL-15 with accompanying TCR-independent proliferation (p = 0.0101). Moreover, these CD8(+)IL-6Rα(low) T cells had features of type 1 cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the possible involvement of expanded CD8(+)IL-6Rα(low) EM T cells in CAD through their pro-inflammatory and highly cytotoxic capacities.
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Chen XL, Serrano D, Ghobadi F, Mayhue M, Hoebe K, Ilangumaran S, Ramanathan S. TCR and IL-7 Signaling Are Altered in the Absence of Functional GTPase of the Immune Associated Nucleotide Binding Protein 5 (GIMAP5). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151837. [PMID: 27023180 PMCID: PMC4811415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
GTPase of the immune associated nucleotide binding protein (GIMAP) family of proteins are expressed essentially in cells of the hematopoietic system. Mutation in the founding member of this gene family, Gimap5, results in the lymphopenic phenotype in Bio-Breeding diabetes prone rats. In mice, deletion of functional Gimap5 gene affects the survival and renewal of hematopoietic stem cells in addition to the defects observed in T cells. Here we show that T cells from OTII TCR-transgenic Gimap5sph/sph mice do not proliferate in response to its cognate antigen. Furthermore, T cells from Gimap5 mutant rats and mice show decreased phosphorylation of STAT5 following stimulation with IL-7. Our results suggest that functional Gimap5 is required for optimal signaling through TCR and IL-7R in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Lin Chen
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Serrano
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Farnaz Ghobadi
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Marian Mayhue
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Kasper Hoebe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, United States of America
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche clinique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche clinique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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42
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Regulation of effector and memory CD8(+) T cell function by inflammatory cytokines. Cytokine 2015; 82:16-23. [PMID: 26688544 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cells communicate with each other through the production and secretion of cytokines, which are integral to the host response to infection. Once recognized by specific cytokine receptors expressed on the cell surface, these exogenous signals direct the biological function of a cell in order to adapt to their microenvironment. CD8(+) T cells are critical immune cells that play an important role in the control and elimination of intracellular pathogens. Current findings have demonstrated that cytokines influence all aspects of the CD8(+) T cell response to infection or immunization. The cytokine milieu induced at the time of activation impacts the overall magnitude and function of the effector CD8(+) T cell response and the generation of functional memory CD8(+) T cells. This review will focus on the impact of inflammatory cytokines on different aspects of CD8(+) T cell biology.
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Goovaerts O, Jennes W, Massinga-Loembé M, Ondoa P, Ceulemans A, Vereecken C, Worodria W, Mayanja-Kizza H, Colebunders R, Kestens L. Lower Pre-Treatment T Cell Activation in Early- and Late-Onset Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26208109 PMCID: PMC4514632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is an inflammatory complication in HIV-TB co-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). The role of disturbed T cell reconstitution in TB-IRIS is not well understood. We investigated T cell activation and maturation profiles in patients who developed TB-IRIS at different intervals during ART. Methods Twenty-two HIV-TB patients who developed early-onset TB-IRIS and 10 who developed late-onset TB-IRIS were matched for age, sex and CD4 count to equal numbers of HIV-TB patients who did not develop TB-IRIS. Flow cytometry analysis was performed on fresh blood, drawn before and after ART initiation and during TB-IRIS events. T cell activation and maturation was measured on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells using CD45RO, CD38, HLA-DR, CCR7 and CD27 antibodies. Results CD8+ T cell activation before ART was decreased in both early-onset (77% vs. 82%, p = 0.014) and late-onset (71% vs. 83%, p = 0.012) TB-IRIS patients compared to non-IRIS controls. After ART initiation, the observed differences in T cell activation disappeared. During late-onset, but not early-onset TB-IRIS, we observed a skewing from memory to terminal effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations (p≤0.028). Conclusion Our data provide evidence of reduced CD8+ T cell activation before ART as a common predisposing factor of early- and late-onset TB-IRIS. The occurrence of TB-IRIS itself was not marked by an over-activated CD8+ T cell compartment. Late- but not early-onset TB-IRIS was characterized by a more terminally differentiated T cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odin Goovaerts
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Wim Jennes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marguerite Massinga-Loembé
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambarene, Gabon
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pascale Ondoa
- Department of Global Health and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ann Ceulemans
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chris Vereecken
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - William Worodria
- Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Infectious Diseases Network for Treatment and Research in Africa (INTERACT), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Robert Colebunders
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Kestens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Andrijauskaite K, Suriano S, Cloud CA, Li M, Kesarwani P, Stefanik LS, Moxley KM, Salem ML, Garrett-Mayer E, Paulos CM, Mehrotra S, Kochenderfer JN, Cole DJ, Rubinstein MP. IL-12 conditioning improves retrovirally mediated transduction efficiency of CD8+ T cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:360-7. [PMID: 26182912 PMCID: PMC4807400 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability to genetically modify T cells is a critical component to many immunotherapeutic strategies and research studies. However, the success of these approaches is often limited by transduction efficiency. As retroviral vectors require cell division for integration, transduction efficiency is dependent on the appropriate activation and culture conditions for T cells. Naive CD8(+) T cells, which are quiescent, must be first activated to induce cell division to allow genetic modification. To optimize this process, we activated mouse T cells with a panel of different cytokines, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-12, IL-15 and IL-23, known to act on T cells. After activation, cytokines were removed, and activated T cells were retrovirally transduced. We found that IL-12 preconditioning of mouse T cells greatly enhanced transduction efficiency, while preserving function and expansion potential. We also observed a similar transduction-enhancing effect of IL-12 preconditioning on human T cells. These findings provide a simple method to improve the transduction efficiencies of CD8(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha Suriano
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425
| | - Colleen A. Cloud
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425
| | - Mingli Li
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425
| | - Pravin Kesarwani
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425
| | - Leah S. Stefanik
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425
| | | | - Mohamed L Salem
- Immunology & Biotechnology Division, Tanta University, Egypt
| | | | - Chrystal M. Paulos
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425
| | - James N. Kochenderfer
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David J. Cole
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425
| | - Mark P. Rubinstein
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425
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45
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Lee N, You S, Shin MS, Lee WW, Kang KS, Kim SH, Kim WU, Homer RJ, Kang MJ, Montgomery RR, Dela Cruz CS, Shaw AC, Lee PJ, Chupp GL, Hwang D, Kang I. IL-6 receptor α defines effector memory CD8+ T cells producing Th2 cytokines and expanding in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 190:1383-94. [PMID: 25390970 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201403-0601oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cytokine receptors can be markers defining different T-cell subsets and considered as therapeutic targets. The association of IL-6 and IL-6 receptor α (IL-6Rα) with asthma was reported, suggesting their involvement in asthma. OBJECTIVES To determine whether and how IL-6Rα defines a distinct effector memory (EM) CD8+ T-cell population in health and disease. METHODS EM CD8+ T cells expressing IL-6Rα (IL-6Rα(high)) were identified in human peripheral blood and analyzed for function, gene, and transcription factor expression. The relationship of these cells with asthma was determined using blood and sputum. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A unique population of IL-6Rα(high) EM CD8+ T cells was found in peripheral blood. These cells that potently proliferated, survived, and produced high levels of the Th2-type cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 had increased levels of GATA3 and decreased levels of T-bet and Blimp-1 in comparison with other EM CD8+ T cells. In fact, GATA3 was required for IL-6Rα expression. Patients with asthma had an increased frequency of IL-6Rα(high) EM CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood compared with healthy control subjects. Also, IL-6Rα(high) EM CD8+ T cells exclusively produced IL-5 and IL-13 in response to asthma-associated respiratory syncytial virus and bacterial superantigens. CONCLUSIONS Human IL-6Rα(high) EM CD8+ T cells is a unique cell subset that may serve as a reservoir for effector CD8+ T cells, particularly the ones producing Th2-type cytokines, and expand in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeun Lee
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine and
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IRGM3 contributes to immunopathology and is required for differentiation of antigen-specific effector CD8+ T cells in experimental cerebral malaria. Infect Immun 2015; 83:1406-17. [PMID: 25644000 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02701-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) drives antiparasite responses and immunopathology during infection with Plasmodium species. Immunity-related GTPases (IRGs) are a class of IFN-γ-dependent proteins that are essential for cell autonomous immunity to numerous intracellular pathogens. However, it is currently unknown whether IRGs modulate responses during malaria. We have used the Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) model in which mice develop experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) to study the roles of IRGM1 and IRGM3 in immunopathology. Induction of mRNA for Irgm1 and Irgm3 was found in the brains and spleens of infected mice at times of peak IFN-γ production. Irgm3-/- but not Irgm1-/- mice were completely protected from the development of ECM, and this protection was associated with the decreased induction of inflammatory cytokines, as well as decreased recruitment and activation of CD8+ T cells within the brain. Although antigen-specific proliferation of transferred CD8+ T cells was not diminished compared to that of wild-type recipients following PbA infection, T cells transferred into Irgm3-/- recipients showed a striking impairment of effector differentiation. Decreased induction of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (interleukin-6, CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4), as well as enhanced mRNA expression of type-I IFNs, was found in the spleens of Irgm3-/- mice at day 4 postinfection. Together, these data suggest that protection from ECM pathology in Irgm3-/- mice occurs due to impaired generation of CD8+ effector function. This defect is nonintrinsic to CD8+ T cells. Instead, diminished T cell responses most likely result from defective initiation of inflammatory responses in myeloid cells.
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Walsh MC, Pearce EL, Cejas PJ, Lee J, Wang LS, Choi Y. IL-18 synergizes with IL-7 to drive slow proliferation of naive CD8 T cells by costimulating self-peptide-mediated TCR signals. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:3992-4001. [PMID: 25200954 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Naive T cell populations are maintained in the periphery at relatively constant levels via mechanisms that control expansion and contraction and are associated with competition for homeostatic cytokines. It has been shown that in a lymphopenic environment naive T cells undergo expansion due, at least in part, to additional availability of IL-7. We have previously found that T cell-intrinsic deletion of TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) 6 (TRAF6ΔT) in mice results in diminished peripheral CD8 T cell numbers. In this study, we report that whereas naive TRAF6ΔT CD8 T cells exhibit normal survival when transferred into a normal T cell pool, proliferation of naive TRAF6ΔT CD8 T cells under lymphopenic conditions is defective. We identified IL-18 as a TRAF6-activating factor capable of enhancing lymphopenia-induced proliferation (LIP) in vivo, and that IL-18 synergizes with high-dose IL-7 in a TRAF6-dependent manner to induce slow, LIP/homeostatic-like proliferation of naive CD8 T cells in vitro. IL-7 and IL-18 act synergistically to upregulate expression of IL-18R genes, thereby enhancing IL-18 activity. In this context, IL-18R signaling increases PI3K activation and was found to sensitize naive CD8 T cells to a model noncognate self-peptide ligand in a way that conventional costimulation via CD28 could not. We propose that synergistic sensitization by IL-7 and IL-18 to self-peptide ligand may represent a novel costimulatory pathway for LIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Walsh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Pedro J Cejas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - JangEun Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
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Ebrahim M, Bagheri V, Arababadi MK. Potential roles played by IL-6 in hepatitis B infection. Future Virol 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.14.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Hepatitis B is a main disorder of the liver, which is induced by HBV. Hepatitis B can induce liver diseases, such as inflammation, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent studies demonstrated that several patients are unable to eradicate the virus from hepatocytes and develop chronic hepatitis B infections. The main mechanisms responsible for development of chronic hepatitis B and its related cirrhosis as well as HCC are yet to be identified. IL-6 is a proinflammatory cytokine that participates in stimulation of immune responses against viral infections. In addition, it has been documented that IL-6 can play key roles in induction of fibrosis and cancers. Therefore, the aim of this article is to clarify the main roles of IL-6 in stimulation of appropriate immune responses against hepatitis B virus and induction of hepatitis B-dependent cirrhosis as well as HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ebrahim
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Vahid Bagheri
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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TL1A induces TCR independent IL-6 and TNF-α production and growth of PLZF⁺ leukocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85793. [PMID: 24416448 PMCID: PMC3885722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An elevated level of the cytokine TL1A is known to be associated with several autoimmune diseases, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. However, the mode of action of TL1A remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the role of TL1A in a pro-inflammatory setting, using human leukocytes purified from healthy donors. We show that TL1A, together with IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18, directly induces the production of IL-6 and TNF-α from leukocytes. Interestingly, TL1A-induced IL-6 was not produced by CD14+ monocytes. We further show that the produced IL-6 is fully functional, as measured by its ability to signal through the IL-6 receptor, and that the induction of IL-6 is independent of TCR stimulation. Furthermore, the transcription factor PLZF was induced in stimulated cells. These results offer a substantial explanation for the role of TL1A, since TNF-α and IL-6 are directly responsible for much of the inflammatory state in many autoimmune diseases. Our study suggests that TL1A is a possible target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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50
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Chen XL, Bobbala D, Rodriguez GM, Mayhue M, Chen YG, Ilangumaran S, Ramanathan S. Induction of autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice requires interleukin-21-dependent activation of autoreactive CD8⁺ T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 173:184-94. [PMID: 23607664 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice lacking interleukin (IL)-21 or IL-21 receptor do not develop autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D). We have shown recently that IL-21 may promote activation of autoreactive CD8(+) T cells by increasing their antigen responsiveness. To investigate the role of IL-21 in activating diabetogenic CD8(+) T cells in the NOD mouse, we generated IL-21-deficient NOD mice expressing the highly pathogenic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I-restricted 8.3 transgenic T cell receptor (TCR). IL-21 deficiency protected 8.3-NOD mice completely from T1D. CD8(+) T cells from the 8.3-NOD.Il21(-/-) mice showed decreased antigen-induced proliferation but displayed robust antigen-specific cytolytic activity and production of effector cytokines. IL-21-deficient 8.3 T cells underwent efficient homeostatic proliferation, and previous antigen stimulation enabled these cells to cause diabetes in NOD.Scid recipients. The 8.3 T cells that developed in an IL-21-deficient environment showed impaired antigen-specific proliferation in vivo even in IL-21-sufficient mice. These cells also showed impaired IL-2 production and Il2 gene transcription following antigen stimulation. However, IL-2 addition failed to reverse their impaired proliferation completely. These findings indicate that IL-21 is required for efficient initial activation of autoreactive CD8(+) T cells but is dispensable for the activated cells to develop effector functions and cause disease. Hence, therapeutic targeting of IL-21 in T1D may inhibit activation of naive autoreactive CD8(+) T cells, but may have to be combined with other strategies to inhibit already activated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-L Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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