1
|
Irons EE, Sajina GC, Lau JT. Sialic acid in the regulation of blood cell production, differentiation and turnover. Immunology 2024; 172:517-532. [PMID: 38503445 PMCID: PMC11223974 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid is a unique sugar moiety that resides in the distal and most accessible position of the glycans on mammalian cell surface and extracellular glycoproteins and glycolipids. The potential for sialic acid to obscure underlying structures has long been postulated, but the means by which such structural changes directly affect biological processes continues to be elucidated. Here, we appraise the growing body of literature detailing the importance of sialic acid for the generation, differentiation, function and death of haematopoietic cells. We conclude that sialylation is a critical post-translational modification utilized in haematopoiesis to meet the dynamic needs of the organism by enforcing rapid changes in availability of lineage-specific cell types. Though long thought to be generated only cell-autonomously within the intracellular ER-Golgi secretory apparatus, emerging data also demonstrate previously unexpected diversity in the mechanisms of sialylation. Emphasis is afforded to the mechanism of extrinsic sialylation, whereby extracellular enzymes remodel cell surface and extracellular glycans, supported by charged sugar donor molecules from activated platelets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph T.Y. Lau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Querol Cano L, Dunlock VME, Schwerdtfeger F, van Spriel AB. Membrane organization by tetraspanins and galectins shapes lymphocyte function. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:193-212. [PMID: 37758850 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Immune receptors are not randomly distributed at the plasma membrane of lymphocytes but are segregated into specialized domains that function as platforms to initiate signalling, as exemplified by the B cell or T cell receptor complex and the immunological synapse. 'Membrane-organizing proteins' and, in particular, tetraspanins and galectins, are crucial for controlling the spatiotemporal organization of immune receptors and other signalling proteins. Deficiencies in specific tetraspanins and galectins result in impaired immune synapse formation, lymphocyte proliferation, antibody production and migration, which can lead to impaired immunity, tumour development and autoimmunity. In contrast to conventional ligand-receptor interactions, membrane organizers interact in cis (on the same cell) and modulate receptor clustering, receptor dynamics and intracellular signalling. New findings have uncovered their complex and dynamic nature, revealing shared binding partners and collaborative activity in determining the composition of membrane domains. Therefore, immune receptors should not be envisaged as independent entities and instead should be studied in the context of their spatial organization in the lymphocyte membrane. We advocate for a novel approach to study lymphocyte function by globally analysing the role of membrane organizers in the assembly of different membrane complexes and discuss opportunities to develop therapeutic approaches that act via the modulation of membrane organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Querol Cano
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vera-Marie E Dunlock
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fabian Schwerdtfeger
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek B van Spriel
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mielczarek-Palacz A, Kondera-Anasz Z, Smycz-Kubańska M, Englisz A, Janusz A, Królewska-Daszczyńska P, Wendlocha D. The role of galectins‑1, 3, 7, 8 and 9 as potential diagnostic and therapeutic markers in ovarian cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:166. [PMID: 35293602 PMCID: PMC8941520 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of ovarian cancer is increasing, particularly throughout the highly developed countries, while this cancer type remains a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The currently poorly recognized lectins called galectins have various roles in interactions occurring in the tumor microenvironment. Galectins are involved in tumor-associated processes, including the promotion of growth, adhesion, angiogenesis and survival of tumor cells. Results of research studies performed so far point to a complex role of galectins-1, 3, −7, −8 and −9 in carcinogenesis of ovarian cancer and elucidation of the mechanisms may contribute to novel forms of therapies targeting the proteins. In particular, it appears important to recognize the reasons for changes in expression of galectins. Galectins also appear to be a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool to evaluate tumor progression or the efficacy of therapies in patients with ovarian cancer, which requires further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mielczarek-Palacz
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Zdzisława Kondera-Anasz
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Smycz-Kubańska
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Englisz
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Janusz
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Patrycja Królewska-Daszczyńska
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Dominika Wendlocha
- Department of Immunology and Serology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40‑055 Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Masle-Farquhar E, Peters TJ, Miosge LA, Parish IA, Weigel C, Oakes CC, Reed JH, Goodnow CC. Uncontrolled CD21low age-associated and B1 B cell accumulation caused by failure of an EGR2/3 tolerance checkpoint. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
5
|
Szodoray P, Andersen TK, Heinzelbecker J, Imbery JF, Huszthy PC, Stanford SM, Bogen B, Landsverk OB, Bottini N, Tveita A, Munthe LA, Nakken B. Integration of T helper and BCR signals governs enhanced plasma cell differentiation of memory B cells by regulation of CD45 phosphatase activity. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109525. [PMID: 34380042 PMCID: PMC8435664 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Humoral immunity relies on the efficient differentiation of memory B cells (MBCs) into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). T helper (Th) signals upregulate B cell receptor (BCR) signaling by potentiating Src family kinases through increasing CD45 phosphatase activity (CD45 PA). In this study, we show that high CD45 PA in MBCs enhances BCR signaling and is essential for their effective ASC differentiation. Mechanistically, Th signals upregulate CD45 PA through intensifying the surface binding of a CD45 ligand, Galectin-1. CD45 PA works as a sensor of T cell help and defines high-affinity germinal center (GC) plasma cell (PC) precursors characterized by IRF4 expression in vivo. Increasing T cell help in vitro results in an incremental CD45 PA increase and enhances ASC differentiation by facilitating effective induction of the transcription factors IRF4 and BLIMP1. This study connects Th signals with BCR signaling through Galectin-1-dependent regulation of CD45 PA and provides a mechanism for efficient ASC differentiation of MBCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Szodoray
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tor Kristian Andersen
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Julia Heinzelbecker
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John F Imbery
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter C Huszthy
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie M Stanford
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC #0656, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bjarne Bogen
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Influenza Vaccine Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole B Landsverk
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC #0656, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anders Tveita
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig A Munthe
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Britt Nakken
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu WD, Huang Q, Huang AF. Emerging role of galectin family in inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102847. [PMID: 33971347 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Galectin family is a group of glycan-binding proteins. Members in this family are expressed in different tissues, immune or non-immune cells. These molecules are important regulators in innate and adaptive immune response, performing significantly in a broad range of cellular and pathophysiological functions, such as cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion. Findings have shown that expression of galectins is abnormal in many inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, sjögren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis. Galectins also function as intracellular and extracellular disease regulators mainly through the binding of their carbohydrate recognition domain to glycoconjugates. Here, we review the state-of-the-art of the role that different galectin family members play in immune cells, contributing to the complex inflammatory diseases. Hopefully collection of the information will provide a preliminary theoretical basis for the exploration of new targets for treatment of the disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tazhitdinova R, Timoshenko AV. The Emerging Role of Galectins and O-GlcNAc Homeostasis in Processes of Cellular Differentiation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081792. [PMID: 32731422 PMCID: PMC7465113 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of soluble β-galactoside-binding proteins with diverse glycan-dependent and glycan-independent functions outside and inside the cell. Human cells express twelve out of sixteen recognized mammalian galectin genes and their expression profiles are very different between cell types and tissues. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the changes in the expression of individual galectins at mRNA and protein levels in different types of differentiating cells and the effects of recombinant galectins on cellular differentiation. A new model of galectin regulation is proposed considering the change in O-GlcNAc homeostasis between progenitor/stem cells and mature differentiated cells. The recognition of galectins as regulatory factors controlling cell differentiation and self-renewal is essential for developmental and cancer biology to develop innovative strategies for prevention and targeted treatment of proliferative diseases, tissue regeneration, and stem-cell therapy.
Collapse
|
8
|
Galectin-8 Favors the Presentation of Surface-Tethered Antigens by Stabilizing the B Cell Immune Synapse. Cell Rep 2019; 25:3110-3122.e6. [PMID: 30540943 PMCID: PMC6302547 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete activation of B cells relies on their capacity to extract tethered antigens from immune synapses by either exerting mechanical forces or promoting their proteolytic degradation through lysosome secretion. Whether antigen extraction can also be tuned by local cues originating from the lymphoid microenvironment has not been investigated. We here show that the expression of Galectin-8-a glycan-binding protein found in the extracellular milieu, which regulates interactions between cells and matrix proteins-is increased within lymph nodes under inflammatory conditions where it enhances B cell arrest phases upon antigen recognition in vivo and promotes synapse formation during BCR recognition of immobilized antigens. Galectin-8 triggers a faster recruitment and secretion of lysosomes toward the B cell-antigen contact site, resulting in efficient extraction of immobilized antigens through a proteolytic mechanism. Thus, extracellular cues can determine how B cells sense and extract tethered antigens and thereby tune B cell responses in vivo.
Collapse
|
9
|
Martin JC, Chang C, Boschetti G, Ungaro R, Giri M, Grout JA, Gettler K, Chuang LS, Nayar S, Greenstein AJ, Dubinsky M, Walker L, Leader A, Fine JS, Whitehurst CE, Mbow ML, Kugathasan S, Denson LA, Hyams JS, Friedman JR, Desai PT, Ko HM, Laface I, Akturk G, Schadt EE, Salmon H, Gnjatic S, Rahman AH, Merad M, Cho JH, Kenigsberg E. Single-Cell Analysis of Crohn's Disease Lesions Identifies a Pathogenic Cellular Module Associated with Resistance to Anti-TNF Therapy. Cell 2019; 178:1493-1508.e20. [PMID: 31474370 PMCID: PMC7060942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinical benefits of cytokine blockade in ileal Crohn's disease (iCD) are limited to a subset of patients. Here, we applied single-cell technologies to iCD lesions to address whether cellular heterogeneity contributes to treatment resistance. We found that a subset of patients expressed a unique cellular module in inflamed tissues that consisted of IgG plasma cells, inflammatory mononuclear phagocytes, activated T cells, and stromal cells, which we named the GIMATS module. Analysis of ligand-receptor interaction pairs identified a distinct network connectivity that likely drives the GIMATS module. Strikingly, the GIMATS module was also present in a subset of patients in four independent iCD cohorts (n = 441), and its presence at diagnosis correlated with failure to achieve durable corticosteroid-free remission upon anti-TNF therapy. These results emphasize the limitations of current diagnostic assays and the potential for single-cell mapping tools to identify novel biomarkers of treatment response and tailored therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome C Martin
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christie Chang
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gilles Boschetti
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ryan Ungaro
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mamta Giri
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - John A Grout
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kyle Gettler
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ling-Shiang Chuang
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Shikha Nayar
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alexander J Greenstein
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marla Dubinsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Susan and Leonard Feinstein IBD Clinical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Laura Walker
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrew Leader
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jay S Fine
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - Charles E Whitehurst
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - M Lamine Mbow
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lee A Denson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Hyams
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Huaibin M Ko
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ilaria Laface
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Guray Akturk
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Helene Salmon
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adeeb H Rahman
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Judy H Cho
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Ephraim Kenigsberg
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kutzner TJ, Gabba A, FitzGerald FG, Shilova NV, García Caballero G, Ludwig AK, Manning JC, Knospe C, Kaltner H, Sinowatz F, Murphy PV, Cudic M, Bovin NV, Gabius HJ. How altering the modular architecture affects aspects of lectin activity: case study on human galectin-1. Glycobiology 2019; 29:593-607. [PMID: 31091305 PMCID: PMC6639544 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Discoveries on involvement of glycan-protein recognition in many (patho)physiological processes are directing attention to exploring the significance of a fundamental structural aspect of sugar receptors beyond glycan specificity, i.e., occurrence of distinct types of modular architecture. In order to trace clues for defining design-functionality relationships in human lectins, a lectin's structural unit has been used as source material for engineering custom-made variants of the wild-type protein. Their availability facilitates comparative analysis toward the stated aim. With adhesion/growth-regulatory human galectin-1 as example, the strategy of evaluating how changes of its design (here, from the homodimer of non-covalently associated domains to (i) linker-connected di- and tetramers and (ii) a galectin-3-like protein) affect activity is illustrated by using three assay systems of increasing degree of glycan complexity. Whereas calorimetry with two cognate disaccharides and array testing with 647 (glyco)compounds disclosed no major changes, galectin histochemical staining profiles of tissue sections that present natural glycome complexity revealed differences between wild-type and linker-connected homo-oligomers as well as between the galectin-3-like variant and wild-type galectin-3 for cell-type positivity, level of intensity at the same site and susceptibility for inhibition by a bivalent glycocompound. These results underscore the strength of the documented approach. Moreover, they give direction to proceed to (i) extending its application to other members of this lectin family, especially galectin-3 and (ii) then analyzing impact of architectural alterations on cell surface lattice formation and ensuing biosignaling systematically, considering the variants' potential for translational medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja J Kutzner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adele Gabba
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Forrest G FitzGerald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton FL, USA
| | - Nadezhda V Shilova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gabriel García Caballero
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim C Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens Knospe
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fred Sinowatz
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul V Murphy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mare Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton FL, USA
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Centre for Kode Technology Innovation, School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Giovannone N, Smith LK, Treanor B, Dimitroff CJ. Galectin-Glycan Interactions as Regulators of B Cell Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2839. [PMID: 30564237 PMCID: PMC6288978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface glycans and their glycan-binding partners (lectins) have generally been recognized as adhesive assemblies with neighbor cells or matrix scaffolds in organs and the blood stream. However, our understanding of the roles for glycan-lectin interactions in immunity has expanded substantially to include regulation of nearly every stage of an immune response, from pathogen sensing to immune contraction. In this Mini-Review, we discuss the role of the ß-galactoside-binding lectins known as galectins specifically in the regulation of B-lymphocyte (B cell) development, activation, and differentiation. In particular, we highlight several recent studies revealing new roles for galectin (Gal)-9 in the modulation of B cell receptor-mediated signaling and activation in mouse and man. The roles for cell surface glycosylation, especially I-branching of N-glycans synthesized by the glycosyltransferase GCNT2, in the regulation of Gal-9 binding activity are also detailed. Finally, we consider how dysregulation of these factors may contribute to aberrant immune activation and autoimmune disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Giovannone
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Logan K. Smith
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bebhinn Treanor
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles J. Dimitroff
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tsai MS, Chiang MT, Tsai DL, Yang CW, Hou HS, Li YR, Chang PC, Lin HH, Chen HY, Hwang IS, Wei PK, Hsu CP, Lin KI, Liu FT, Chau LY. Galectin-1 Restricts Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Motility Via Modulating Adhesion Force and Focal Adhesion Dynamics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11497. [PMID: 30065303 PMCID: PMC6068105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29843-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration play a key role in the development of intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a redox-sensitive β-galactoside-binding lectin expressed in VSMCs with intracellular and extracellular localizations. Here we show that VSMCs deficient in Gal-1 (Gal-1-KO) exhibited greater motility than wild type (WT) cells. Likewise, Gal-1-KO-VSMC migration was inhibited by a redox-insensitive but activity-preserved Gal-1 (CSGal-1) in a glycan-dependent manner. Gal-1-KO-VSMCs adhered slower than WT cells on fibronectin. Cell spreading and focal adhesion (FA) formation examined by phalloidin and vinculin staining were less in Gal-1-KO-VSMCs. Concomitantly, FA kinase (FAK) phosphorylation was induced to a lower extent in Gal-1-KO cells. Analysis of FA dynamics by nocodazole washout assay demonstrated that FA disassembly, correlated with FAK de-phosphorylation, was faster in Gal-1-KO-VSMCs. Surface plasmon resonance assay demonstrated that CSGal-1 interacted with α5β1integrin and fibronectin in a glycan-dependent manner. Chemical crosslinking experiment and atomic force microscopy further revealed the involvement of extracellular Gal-1 in strengthening VSMC-fibronectin interaction. In vivo experiment showed that carotid ligation-induced neointimal hyperplasia was more severe in Gal-1-KO mice than WT counterparts. Collectively, these data disclose that Gal-1 restricts VSMC migration by modulating cell-matrix interaction and focal adhesion turnover, which limits neointimal formation post vascular injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Shao Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsai Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Lin Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Yang
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-San Hou
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Li
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chiao Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Huei Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Pei-Kuen Wei
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Po Hsu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-I Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Young Chau
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Iwaki J, Hirabayashi J. Carbohydrate-Binding Specificity of Human Galectins: An Overview by Frontal Affinity Chromatography. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1728.1se] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Iwaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | - Jun Hirabayashi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Re-wiring regulatory cell networks in immunity by galectin-glycan interactions. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3407-18. [PMID: 26352298 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Programs that control immune cell homeostasis are orchestrated through the coordinated action of a number of regulatory cell populations, including regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, alternatively-activated macrophages and tolerogenic dendritic cells. These regulatory cell populations can prevent harmful inflammation following completion of protective responses and thwart the development of autoimmune pathology. However, they also have a detrimental role in cancer by favoring escape from immune surveillance. One of the hallmarks of regulatory cells is their remarkable plasticity as they can be positively or negatively modulated by a plethora of cytokines, growth factors and co-stimulatory signals that tailor their differentiation, stability and survival. Here we focus on the emerging roles of galectins, a family of highly conserved glycan-binding proteins in regulating the fate and function of regulatory immune cell populations, both of lymphoid and myeloid origins. Given the broad distribution of circulating and tissue-specific galectins, understanding the relevance of lectin-glycan interactions in shaping regulatory cell compartments will contribute to the design of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating their function in a broad range of immunological disorders.
Collapse
|
15
|
Yazawa EM, Geddes-Sweeney JE, Cedeno-Laurent F, Walley KC, Barthel SR, Opperman MJ, Liang J, Lin JY, Schatton T, Laga AC, Mihm MC, Qureshi AA, Widlund HR, Murphy GF, Dimitroff CJ. Melanoma Cell Galectin-1 Ligands Functionally Correlate with Malignant Potential. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1849-1862. [PMID: 25756799 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1)-binding to Gal-1 ligands on immune and endothelial cells can influence melanoma development through dampening antitumor immune responses and promoting angiogenesis. However, whether Gal-1 ligands are functionally expressed on melanoma cells to help control intrinsic malignant features remains poorly understood. Here, we analyzed expression, identity, and function of Gal-1 ligands in melanoma progression. Immunofluorescent analysis of benign and malignant human melanocytic neoplasms revealed that Gal-1 ligands were abundant in severely dysplastic nevi, as well as in primary and metastatic melanomas. Biochemical assessments indicated that melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) was a major Gal-1 ligand on melanoma cells that was largely dependent on its N-glycans. Other melanoma cell Gal-1 ligand activity conferred by O-glycans was negatively regulated by α2,6 sialyltransferase ST6GalNAc2. In Gal-1-deficient mice, MCAM-silenced (MCAM(KD)) or ST6GalNAc2-overexpressing (ST6(O/E)) melanoma cells exhibited slower growth rates, underscoring a key role for melanoma cell Gal-1 ligands and host Gal-1 in melanoma growth. Further analysis of MCAM(KD) or ST6(O/E) melanoma cells in cell migration assays indicated that Gal-1 ligand-dependent melanoma cell migration was severely inhibited. These findings provide a refined perspective on Gal-1/melanoma cell Gal-1 ligand interactions as contributors to melanoma malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Yazawa
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Kempland C Walley
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven R Barthel
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew J Opperman
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tobias Schatton
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alvaro C Laga
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin C Mihm
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Albert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Hans R Widlund
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George F Murphy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles J Dimitroff
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Plasma cells are terminally differentiated B cells that develop via the stimulation of mature B cells with various agents such as antigens and mitogens. Recently, we found that plasma cell differentiation can be modulated by galectin-1 and galectin-8; these galectins appear to play additive and redundant roles in promoting the production of antibody. Here, we describe the protocols for how to investigate the roles of galectins in plasma cell differentiation. These methods include the preparation of recombinant galectins from Escherichia coli for exogenously treating primary B cells, generation of galectin_Fc(m) fusion proteins for determining their binding to B cells, introduction of ectopic galectins in primary B cells using retroviral vectors, and inhibition of the binding of galectins to B cells by synthetic disaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Galectins are an evolutionarily ancient family of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) and are found in all animals. Although they were discovered over 30 years ago, ideas about their biological functions continue to evolve. Current evidence indicates that galectins, which are the only known GBPs that occur free in the cytoplasm and extracellularly, are involved in a variety of intracellular and extracellular pathways contributing to homeostasis, cellular turnover, cell adhesion, and immunity. Here we review evolving insights into galectin biology from a historical perspective and explore current evidence regarding biological roles of galectins.
Collapse
|
18
|
Pena C, Mirandola L, Figueroa JA, Hosiriluck N, Suvorava N, Trotter K, Reidy A, Rakhshanda R, Payne D, Jenkins M, Grizzi F, Littlefield L, Chiriva-Internati M, Cobos E. Galectins as therapeutic targets for hematological malignancies: a hopeful sweetness. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2014; 2:87. [PMID: 25405162 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.09.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are family of galactose-binding proteins known to play critical roles in inflammation and neoplastic progression. Galectins facilitate the growth and survival of neoplastic cells by regulating their cross-talk with the extracellular microenvironment and hampering anti-neoplastic immunity. Here, we review the role of galectins in the biology of hematological malignancies and their promise as potential therapeutic agents in these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Pena
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine at the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA ; 2 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 3 Kiromic LLC, TX, USA ; 4 Division of Surgical Oncology, Texas Tech University Medical Center, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 5 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 6 Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mirandola
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine at the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA ; 2 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 3 Kiromic LLC, TX, USA ; 4 Division of Surgical Oncology, Texas Tech University Medical Center, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 5 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 6 Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Jose A Figueroa
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine at the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA ; 2 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 3 Kiromic LLC, TX, USA ; 4 Division of Surgical Oncology, Texas Tech University Medical Center, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 5 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 6 Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Nattamol Hosiriluck
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine at the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA ; 2 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 3 Kiromic LLC, TX, USA ; 4 Division of Surgical Oncology, Texas Tech University Medical Center, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 5 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 6 Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Natallia Suvorava
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine at the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA ; 2 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 3 Kiromic LLC, TX, USA ; 4 Division of Surgical Oncology, Texas Tech University Medical Center, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 5 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 6 Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Kayley Trotter
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine at the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA ; 2 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 3 Kiromic LLC, TX, USA ; 4 Division of Surgical Oncology, Texas Tech University Medical Center, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 5 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 6 Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Adair Reidy
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine at the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA ; 2 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 3 Kiromic LLC, TX, USA ; 4 Division of Surgical Oncology, Texas Tech University Medical Center, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 5 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 6 Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Rahman Rakhshanda
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine at the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA ; 2 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 3 Kiromic LLC, TX, USA ; 4 Division of Surgical Oncology, Texas Tech University Medical Center, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 5 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 6 Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Drew Payne
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine at the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA ; 2 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 3 Kiromic LLC, TX, USA ; 4 Division of Surgical Oncology, Texas Tech University Medical Center, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 5 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 6 Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Marjorie Jenkins
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine at the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA ; 2 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 3 Kiromic LLC, TX, USA ; 4 Division of Surgical Oncology, Texas Tech University Medical Center, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 5 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 6 Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Grizzi
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine at the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA ; 2 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 3 Kiromic LLC, TX, USA ; 4 Division of Surgical Oncology, Texas Tech University Medical Center, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 5 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 6 Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Lauren Littlefield
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine at the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA ; 2 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 3 Kiromic LLC, TX, USA ; 4 Division of Surgical Oncology, Texas Tech University Medical Center, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 5 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 6 Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine at the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA ; 2 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 3 Kiromic LLC, TX, USA ; 4 Division of Surgical Oncology, Texas Tech University Medical Center, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 5 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 6 Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Everardo Cobos
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine at the Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA ; 2 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 3 Kiromic LLC, TX, USA ; 4 Division of Surgical Oncology, Texas Tech University Medical Center, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 5 Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health and Center for Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, Amarillo, TX, USA ; 6 Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
A critical role for cell polarity in antigen extraction, processing, and presentation by B lymphocytes. Adv Immunol 2014; 123:51-67. [PMID: 24840947 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800266-7.00001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The activation of B lymphocytes in response to external stimuli represents a key step in the adaptive immune response, which is required for the production of high-affinity antibodies and for the generation of long-term memory. Because the dysregulation of B lymphocyte responses can lead to diverse pathological situations, B cells are considered today as valuable therapeutic targets for immunomodulation, in particular in the context of autoimmune reactions. Here, we review the fundamental molecular and cell biological mechanisms that enable B cells to efficiently sense, acquire, and respond to extracellular antigens. A special emphasis is given to cell polarity, which was shown to be critical for the regulation of antigen acquisition, processing, and presentation by B lymphocytes. How cell polarity coordinates the various steps of B lymphocyte activation and might impact the humoral immune response is further discussed.
Collapse
|
20
|
Tsai CM, Wu HY, Su TH, Kuo CW, Huang HW, Chung CH, Chen CS, Khoo KH, Chen YJ, Lin KI. Phosphoproteomic analyses reveal that galectin-1 augments the dynamics of B-cell receptor signaling. J Proteomics 2014; 103:241-53. [PMID: 24704852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED B-cell activation is important for mounting humoral immune responses and antibody production. Galectin-1 has multiple regulatory functions in immune cells. However, the effects of galectin-1 modulation and the mechanisms underlying the coordination of B-cell activation are unclear. To address this issue, we applied label-free quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis to investigate the dynamics of galectin-1-induced signaling in comparison with that following anti-IgM treatment. A total of 3247 phosphorylation sites on 1245 proteins were quantified, and 70-80% of the 856 responsive phosphoproteins were commonly activated during various biological functions. The similarity between galectin-1- and anti-IgM-elicited B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathways was also revealed. Additionally, the mapping of the 149 BCR-responsive phosphorylation sites provided complementary knowledge of BCR signaling. Compared to anti-IgM induction, the phosphoproteomic profiling of BCR signaling, along with validation by western blot analysis and pharmacological inhibitors, revealed that the activation of Syk, Btk, and PI3K may be dominant in galectin-1-mediated activation. We further demonstrated that the proliferation of antigen-primed B cells was diminished in the absence of galectin-1 in an animal model. Together, these findings provided evidence for a new role and insight into the mechanism of how galectin-1 augments the strength of the immunological synapse by modulating BCR signaling. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The current study revealed the first systematic phosphorylation-mediated signaling network and its dynamics in B cell activation. The comparative phosphoproteomic analysis on the dynamics of galectin-1 induced activation profiles not only showed that exogenously added galectin-1 augmented B-cell activation but also revealed its relatively enhanced activation in PI3K pathway. Together with proliferation assay, we further delineated that galectin-1 is important for B-cell proliferation in response to antigen challenge. Our phosphoproteomic study reveals a new role for galectin-1 in augmenting the strength of immunological synapse by modulating BCR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Wu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tseng-Hsiung Su
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Han-Wen Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Chung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204, United States
| | - Chien-Sin Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-I Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jourdan M, Cren M, Robert N, Bolloré K, Fest T, Duperray C, Guilloton F, Hose D, Tarte K, Klein B. IL-6 supports the generation of human long-lived plasma cells in combination with either APRIL or stromal cell-soluble factors. Leukemia 2014; 28:1647-56. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
22
|
Salonen J, Rönnholm G, Kalkkinen N, Vihinen M. Proteomic changes during B cell maturation: 2D-DIGE approach. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77894. [PMID: 24205016 PMCID: PMC3812168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells play a pivotal role in adaptive immune system, since they maintain a delicate balance between recognition and clearance of foreign pathogens and tolerance to self. During maturation, B cells progress through a series of developmental stages defined by specific phenotypic surface markers and the rearrangement and expression of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes. To get insight into B cell proteome during the maturation pathway, we studied differential protein expression in eight human cell lines, which cover four distinctive developmental stages; early pre-B, pre-B, plasma cell and immature B cell upon anti-IgM stimulation. Our two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry based proteomic study indicates the involvement of large number of proteins with various functions. Notably, proteins related to cytoskeleton were relatively highly expressed in early pre-B and pre-B cells, whereas plasma cell proteome contained endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi system proteins. Our long time series analysis in anti-IgM stimulated Ramos B cells revealed the dynamic regulation of cytoskeleton organization, gene expression and metabolic pathways, among others. The findings are related to cellular processes in B cells and are discussed in relation to experimental information for the proteins and pathways they are involved in. Representative 2D-DIGE maps of different B cell maturation stages are available online at http://structure.bmc.lu.se/BcellProteome/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Salonen
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech, Tampere, Finland
- Research Unit, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Gunilla Rönnholm
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nisse Kalkkinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mauno Vihinen
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech, Tampere, Finland
- Research Unit, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rizzo D, Lotay A, Gachard N, Marfak I, Faucher JL, Trimoreau F, Guérin E, Bordessoule D, Jaccard A, Feuillard J. Very low levels of surface CD45 reflect CLL cell fragility, are inversely correlated with trisomy 12 and are associated with increased treatment-free survival. Am J Hematol 2013; 88:747-53. [PMID: 23733486 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been suggested that the percentage of smudge cells on blood smears from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) could predict overall survival. However, smudge cells are a cytological artifact influenced by multiple physical factors not related to CLL. To identify simple parameters reflecting CLL cell fragility, we studied CD45 expression in a series of 66 patients with Binet stage A CLL. Decreased CD45 expression was specific for CLL cells when compared to 44 patients with a leukemic phase of B-cell non Hodgkin lymphoma and 42 control B-cells. CD45 expression was markedly decreased for all patients with CLL with high percentages of smudge cells. CLL cells with the lowest CD45 expression were the most sensitive to osmotic shock. Very low levels of CD45 expression were significantly associated with lack of CD38 expression, absence of trisomy 12, and with increased treatment free survival time. Altogether, these results demonstrate that low levels of CD45 expression are specific to CLL cells and reflect cell fragility, suggesting that this is an important intrinsic biological feature that determines disease course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angad Lotay
- UMR CNRS 7276, Faculty of Medicine; Limoges; France
| | | | | | - Jean-Luc Faucher
- Laboratory of Hematology; University Hospital Dupuytren; Limoges; France
| | - Franck Trimoreau
- Laboratory of Hematology; University Hospital Dupuytren; Limoges; France
| | - Estelle Guérin
- Laboratory of Hematology; University Hospital Dupuytren; Limoges; France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tu Z, Hsieh HW, Tsai CM, Hsu CW, Wang SG, Wu KJ, Lin KI, Lin CH. Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfated Gal-β-1,3/4-GlcNAc Disaccharides through Consecutive Protection/Glycosylation Steps. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:1536-50. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201201204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
25
|
Anginot A, Espeli M, Chasson L, Mancini SJC, Schiff C. Galectin 1 modulates plasma cell homeostasis and regulates the humoral immune response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:5526-33. [PMID: 23616571 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (GAL1) is an S-type lectin with multiple functions, including the control of B cell homeostasis. GAL1 expression was reported to be under the control of the plasma cell master regulator BLIMP-1. GAL1 was detected at the protein level in LPS-stimulated B cells and was shown to promote Ig secretion in vitro. However, the pattern of GAL1 expression and function of GAL1 in B cells in vivo are still unclear. In this study, we show that, among B cells, GAL1 is only expressed by differentiating plasma cells following T-dependent or T-independent immunization. Using GAL1-deficient mice we demonstrate that GAL1 expression is required for the maintenance of Ag-specific Ig titers and Ab-secreting cell numbers. Using an in vitro differentiation assay we find that GAL1-deficient plasmablasts can develop normally but die rapidly, through caspase 8 activation, under serum starvation-induced death conditions. TUNEL assays show that in vivo-generated GAL1-deficient plasma cells exhibit an increased sensitivity to apoptosis. Taken together, our data indicate that endogenous GAL1 supports plasma cell survival and participates in the regulation of the humoral immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Anginot
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Aix Marseille University, UM2, Marseille F-13288, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang SH, Tsai CM, Lin KI, Khoo KH. Advanced mass spectrometry and chemical analyses reveal the presence of terminal disialyl motif on mouse B-cell glycoproteins. Glycobiology 2013; 23:677-89. [PMID: 23363740 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of a terminal disialyl motif on mammalian O-glycans is increasingly being identified through recent mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycomic profiling. In most cases, it is carried on simple core 1 structures in which both the galactose and N-acetyl galactosamine can be disialylated. In contrast, a disialyl motif on N-glycans is less readily revealed by MS mapping, since additional MS/MS analysis is required to determine the distribution of the various sialic acids on typically multisialylated complex type N-glycans. In our MS-based glycomic screening, we found that a mouse B lymphoma cell line, BCL1, ranks among those that have the highest amount of disialyl motif on its O-glycans, including those carried on CD45. More intriguingly, detailed chemical and MS/MS analyses unambiguously showed that the Neu5Gcα2-8Neu5Gc disialyl motif is also present on the N-glycans and that it can be carried on the termini of polylactosaminoglycan chains, which can be further sulfated on the proximal GlcNAc, occurring alongside other monosialylated sulfated LacNAc termini. Upon silencing the expression of mouse α2,8-sialyltransferase VI (ST8Sia VI), the overall disialyl content decreases significantly, but more so for that on the N-glycans than the O-glycans. ST8Sia VI was further shown to be the most significantly upregulated ST8Sia during plasma cell differentiation, which coincides with increasing content of the disialyl motif. Increasing terminal disialylation without leading to polysialylation may thus have important biological consequences awaiting further investigation. Likewise, the expression of mono- and disialylated sulfated LacNAc may constitute novel recognition codes modulating B-cell activation and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Hua Wang
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cocco M, Stephenson S, Care MA, Newton D, Barnes NA, Davison A, Rawstron A, Westhead DR, Doody GM, Tooze RM. In vitro generation of long-lived human plasma cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:5773-85. [PMID: 23162129 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Plasma cells (PCs), the terminal effectors of humoral immunity, are short-lived unless supported by niche environments in which they may persist for years. No model system has linked B cell activation with niche function to allow the in vitro generation of long-lived PCs. Thus, the full trajectory of B cell terminal differentiation has yet to be investigated in vitro. In this article, we describe a robust model for the generation of polyclonal long-lived human PCs from peripheral blood B cells. After a proliferative plasmablast phase, PCs persist in the absence of cell division, with viability limited only by elective culture termination. Conservative predictions for PC life expectancy are 300 d, but with the potential for significantly longer life spans for some cells. These long-lived PCs are preferentially derived from memory B cells, and acquire a CD138(high) phenotype analogous to that of human bone marrow PCs. Analysis of gene expression across the system defines clusters of genes with related dynamics and linked functional characteristics. Importantly, genes in these differentiation clusters demonstrate a similar overall pattern of expression for in vitro and ex vivo PCs. In vitro PCs are fully reprogrammed to a secretory state and are adapted to their secretory load, maintaining IgG secretion of 120 pg/cell/day in the absence of XBP1 mRNA splicing. By establishing a set of conditions sufficient to allow the development and persistence of mature human PCs in vitro, to our knowledge, we provide the first platform with which to sequentially explore and manipulate each stage of human PC differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cocco
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Galectins are animal lectins that bind to β-galactosides, such as lactose and N-acetyllactosamine, in free form or contained in glycoproteins or glycolipids. They are located intracellularly or extracellularly. In the latter they exhibit bivalent or multivalent interactions with glycans on cell surfaces and induce various cellular responses, including production of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators, cell adhesion, migration, and apoptosis. Furthermore, they can form lattices with membrane glycoprotein receptors and modulate receptor properties. Intracellular galectins can participate in signaling pathways and alter biological responses, including apoptosis, cell differentiation, and cell motility. Current evidence indicates that galectins play important roles in acute and chronic inflammatory responses, as well as other diverse pathological processes. Galectin involvement in some processes in vivo has been discovered, or confirmed, through studies of genetically engineered mouse strains, each deficient in a given galectin. Current evidence also suggests that galectins may be therapeutic targets or employed as therapeutic agents for these inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Tong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, 95816, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Galectins, a family of evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding proteins, are involved in the regulation of multiple cellular processes (e.g. immunity, apoptosis, cellular signaling, development, angiogenesis and cellular growth) and diseases (e.g. chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, cancer, infection). We discuss here how galectins contribute to the development of specialized microenvironmental niches during hematopoiesis. RECENT FINDINGS An expanding set of data strengthens a role of galectins in hematopoietic differentiation, particularly by setting specific interactions between hematopoietic and stromal cells: galectin-5 is found in reticulocytes and erythroblastic islands suggesting a major role during erythropoiesis; galectin-1 and 3 are involved in thymocyte apoptosis, signaling and intrathymic migration; galectin-1 plays critical roles in pre-BII cells development. Moreover, expression of galectins-1 and 10 are differentially expressed during T-regulatory cell development. Various galectins (3, 4, 5, 9) have been reported to be regulated during myelopoiesis and traffic into intracellular compartments, dictating the cellular distribution of specific glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids. SUMMARY The abundance of galectins in both extracellular and intracellular compartments, their multifunctional properties and ability to form supramolecular signaling complexes with specific glycoconjugates, make these glycan-binding proteins excellent candidates to mediate interactions between hematopoietic cells and the stromal microenvironment. Their secretion by one of the cellular partners can modulate adhesive properties by cross-linking specific glycoconjugates present on stromal or hematopoietic cells, by favoring the formation of synapses or by creating glycoprotein lattices on the surface of different cell types. Their divergent specificities and affinities for various glycoproteins contribute to the multiplicity of their cellular interactions.
Collapse
|
30
|
Di Lella S, Sundblad V, Cerliani JP, Guardia CM, Estrin DA, Vasta GR, Rabinovich GA. When galectins recognize glycans: from biochemistry to physiology and back again. Biochemistry 2011; 50:7842-57. [PMID: 21848324 DOI: 10.1021/bi201121m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, increasing efforts have been devoted to the study of galectins, a family of evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding proteins with multifunctional properties. Galectins function, either intracellularly or extracellularly, as key biological mediators capable of monitoring changes occurring on the cell surface during fundamental biological processes such as cellular communication, inflammation, development, and differentiation. Their highly conserved structures, exquisite carbohydrate specificity, and ability to modulate a broad spectrum of biological processes have captivated a wide range of scientists from a wide spectrum of disciplines, including biochemistry, biophysics, cell biology, and physiology. However, in spite of enormous efforts to dissect the functions and properties of these glycan-binding proteins, limited information about how structural and biochemical aspects of these proteins can influence biological functions is available. In this review, we aim to integrate structural, biochemical, and functional aspects of this bewildering and ancient family of glycan-binding proteins and discuss their implications in physiologic and pathologic settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Di Lella
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatologı́a, Instituto de Biologı́a y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tsai CM, Guan CH, Hsieh HW, Hsu TL, Tu Z, Wu KJ, Lin CH, Lin KI. Galectin-1 and galectin-8 have redundant roles in promoting plasma cell formation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:1643-52. [PMID: 21753146 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Galectin (Gal) family members are a type of soluble lectin, and they play important roles in immunomodulation. Their redundant roles have been proposed. We previously found that Gal-1 promotes the formation of Ab-secreting plasma cells, but B cells from Gal-1-deficient and control animals produce comparable amounts of Abs. In the current study, we used synthetic sulfomodified N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) analogs and short hairpin RNAs for Gal-8 to demonstrate a redundancy in the effects of Gal-1 and Gal-8 on plasma cell formation. Gal-1 and Gal-8 were both expressed during plasma cell differentiation, and both Gals promoted the formation of plasma cells. Gal-1 and Gal-8 bound better to mature B cells than to plasma cells, and the expression of glycosyltransferase enzymes changed during differentiation, with a decrease in mannosyl (α-1,6-)-glycoprotein β-1,6-N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase and N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-1 mRNAs in plasma cells. Synthetic sulfomodified Galβ1-3GlcNAc disaccharides (type 1 LacNAcs) selectively prevented Gal-8 binding, leading to a blockade of Ab production in Gal-1-deficient B cells. Furthermore, synthetic type 1 LacNAcs that were able to block the binding of both Gals greatly reduced the effect of exogenously added recombinant Gal-1 and Gal-8 on promoting Ab production. These results reveal a novel role for Gal-8 in collaboration with Gal-1 in plasma cell formation, and suggest the possibility of using distinct LacNAc ligands to modulate the function of Gals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Tsai
- Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Banh A, Zhang J, Cao H, Bouley DM, Kwok S, Kong C, Giaccia AJ, Koong AC, Le QT. Tumor galectin-1 mediates tumor growth and metastasis through regulation of T-cell apoptosis. Cancer Res 2011; 71:4423-31. [PMID: 21546572 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-4157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a carbohydrate-binding protein whose secretion is enhanced by hypoxia, promotes tumor aggressiveness by promoting angiogenesis and T-cell apoptosis. However, the importance of tumor versus host Gal-1 in tumor progression is undefined. Here we offer evidence that implicates tumor Gal-1 and its modulation of T-cell immunity in progression. Comparing Gal-1-deficient mice as hosts for Lewis lung carcinoma cells where Gal-1 levels were preserved or knocked down, we found that tumor Gal-1 was more critical than host Gal-1 in promoting tumor growth and spontaneous metastasis. Enhanced growth and metastasis associated with Gal-1 related to its immunomodulatory function, insofar as the benefits of Gal-1 expression to Lewis lung carcinoma growth were abolished in immunodeficient mice. In contrast, angiogenesis, as assessed by microvessel density count, was similar between tumors with divergent Gal-1 levels when examined at a comparable size. Our findings establish that tumor rather than host Gal-1 is responsible for mediating tumor progression through intratumoral immunomodulation, with broad implications in developing novel targeting strategies for Gal-1 in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Banh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Iwamoto M, Taguchi C, Sasaguri K, Kubo KY, Horie H, Yamamoto T, Onozuka M, Sato S, Kadoya T. The Galectin-1 level in serum as a novel marker for stress. Glycoconj J 2010; 27:419-25. [PMID: 20390448 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-010-9288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-1(Gal-1), a carbohydrate-binding protein with an affinity for beta-galactoside, is widely expressed in various normal and pathological tissues and it also plays an important role in regulating immune cell homeostasis and tumorigenesis. This study investigated the effects of restraint stress on serum Gal-1 by Western blot analyses and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The Gal-1 levels of the restraint-stress group were significantly higher than those of the control group. However, this increase by stress was not obvious in adolescent rats. The pattern of these changes was similar to that of corticosterone. Furthermore, this Gal-1 increase in the serum was prevented by pre-treatment with a neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), which destroys the noradrenergic nerve terminals. However, a bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX) had no effect on the Gal-1 increase. These results suggest that Gal-1 is a candidate stress marker protein and that the stress-induced increase of Gal-1 in serum is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system under stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Iwamoto
- Department of Craniofacial Growth and Development Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental College, 82 Inaoka-Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cedeno-Laurent F, Barthel SR, Opperman MJ, Lee DM, Clark RA, Dimitroff CJ. Development of a nascent galectin-1 chimeric molecule for studying the role of leukocyte galectin-1 ligands and immune disease modulation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:4659-72. [PMID: 20844192 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, plays a profound role in modulating adaptive immune responses by altering the phenotype and fate of T cells. Experimental data showing recombinant Gal-1 (rGal-1) efficacy on T cell viability and cytokine production, nevertheless, is controversial due to the necessity of using stabilizing chemicals to help retain Gal-1 structure and function. To address this drawback, we developed a mouse Gal-1 human Ig chimera (Gal-1hFc) that did not need chemical stabilization for Gal-1 ligand recognition, apoptosis induction, and cytokine modulation in a variety of leukocyte models. At high concentrations, Gal-1hFc induced apoptosis in Gal-1 ligand(+) Th1 and Th17 cells, leukemic cells, and granulocytes from synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Importantly, at low, more physiologic concentrations, Gal-1hFc retained its homodimeric form without losing functionality. Not only did Gal-1hFc-binding trigger IL-10 and Th2 cytokine expression in activated T cells, but members of the CD28 family and several other immunomodulatory molecules were upregulated. In a mouse model of contact hypersensitivity, we found that a non-Fc receptor-binding isoform of Gal-1hFc, Gal-1hFc2, alleviated T cell-dependent inflammation by increasing IL-4(+), IL-10(+), TGF-β(+), and CD25(high)/FoxP3(+) T cells, and by decreasing IFN-γ(+) and IL-17(+) T cells. Moreover, in human skin-resident T cell cultures, Gal-1hFc diminished IL-17(+) T cells and increased IL-4(+) and IL-10(+) T cells. Gal-1hFc will not only be a useful new tool for investigating the role of Gal-1 ligands in leukocyte death and cytokine stimulation, but for studying how Gal-1-Gal-1 ligand binding shapes the intensity of immune responses.
Collapse
|
35
|
Laderach DJ, Compagno D, Toscano MA, Croci DO, Dergan-Dylon S, Salatino M, Rabinovich GA. Dissecting the signal transduction pathways triggered by galectin-glycan interactions in physiological and pathological settings. IUBMB Life 2010; 62:1-13. [PMID: 20014236 DOI: 10.1002/iub.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of evolutionarily conserved animal lectins with pleiotropic functions and widespread distribution. Fifteen members have been identified in a wide variety of cells and tissues. Through recognition of cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids, these endogenous lectins can trigger a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways capable of modulating cell differentiation, proliferation, survival, and migration. These cellular events are critical in a variety of biological processes including embryogenesis, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and immunity and are substantially altered during tumorigenesis, neurodegeneration, and inflammation. In addition, galectins can modulate intracellular functions and this effect involves direct interactions with distinct signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss current knowledge on the intracellular signaling pathways triggered by this multifunctional family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins in selected physiological and pathological settings. Understanding the "galectin signalosome" will be essential to delineate rational therapeutic strategies based on the specific control of galectin expression and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego J Laderach
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Oliveira FL, Chammas R, Ricon L, Fermino ML, Bernardes ES, Hsu DK, Liu FT, Borojevic R, El-Cheikh MC. Galectin-3 regulates peritoneal B1-cell differentiation into plasma cells. Glycobiology 2009; 19:1248-58. [PMID: 19696234 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular galectin-3 participates in the control of B2 lymphocyte migration and adhesion and of their differentiation into plasma cells. Here, we analyzed the role of galectin-3 in B1-cell physiology and the balance between B1a and B1b lymphocytes in the peritoneal cavity. In galectin-3(-/-) mice, the total number of B1a lymphocytes was lower, while B1b lymphocyte number was higher as compared to wild-type mice. The differentiation of B1a cells into plasma cells was associated with their abnormal adhesion and location on the mesentery. The B220 and CD43, constitutively expressed by B1 lymphocytes, were respectively up- and downregulated in galectin-3(-/-) mice. Mononuclear cells were strongly adhered to the mesenteric membranes of both CD43(-/-) and galectin-3(-/-) mice, but in contrast to CD43(-/-) mice, the accumulation of B1 cells in peritoneal membranes in galectin-3(-/-) mice was accompanied by their functional differentiation into plasma cells. We have shown that in the absence of galectin-3, B1-cell differentiation into plasma cells is favored and the dynamic equilibrium of B1-cell populations in the peritoneum is maintained through a compensatory increase in B1b lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe L Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Turning 'sweet' on immunity: galectin-glycan interactions in immune tolerance and inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol 2009; 9:338-52. [PMID: 19365409 DOI: 10.1038/nri2536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 681] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The function of deciphering the biological information encoded by the glycome, which is the entire repertoire of complex sugar structures expressed by cells and tissues, is assigned in part to endogenous glycan-binding proteins or lectins. Galectins, a family of animal lectins that bind N-acetyllactosamine-containing glycans, have many roles in diverse immune cell processes, including those relevant to pathogen recognition, shaping the course of adaptive immune responses and fine-tuning the inflammatory response. How do galectins translate glycan-encoded information into tolerogenic or inflammatory cell programmes? An improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying these functions will provide further opportunities for developing new therapies based on the immunoregulatory properties of this multifaceted protein family.
Collapse
|