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Forsman H, Dahlgren C, Mårtensson J, Björkman L, Sundqvist M. Function and regulation of GPR84 in human neutrophils. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:1536-1549. [PMID: 36869866 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophils are components of the innate immune system and are the most abundant white blood cells in the circulation. They are professional phagocytes and express several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are essential for proper neutrophil functions. So far, the two formyl peptide receptors, FPR1 and FPR2, have been the most extensively studied group of neutrophil GPCRs, but recently, a new group, the free fatty acid (FFA) receptors, has attracted growing attention. Neutrophils express two FFA receptors, GPR84 and FFA2, which sense medium- and short-chain fatty acids respectively, and display similar activation profiles. The exact pathophysiological role of GPR84 is not yet fully understood, but it is generally regarded as a pro-inflammatory receptor that mediates neutrophil activation. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of how GPR84 affects human neutrophil functions and discuss the regulatory mechanisms that control these responses, focusing on the similarities and differences in comparison to the two FPRs and FFA2. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue GPR84 Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.10/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Björkman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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2
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Gour N, Yong HM, Magesh A, Atakkatan A, Andrade F, Lajoie S, Dong X. A GPCR-neuropeptide axis dampens hyperactive neutrophils by promoting an alternative-like polarization during bacterial infection. Immunity 2024; 57:333-348.e6. [PMID: 38295799 PMCID: PMC10940224 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The notion that neutrophils exist as a homogeneous population is being replaced with the knowledge that neutrophils adopt different functional states. Neutrophils can have a pro-inflammatory phenotype or an anti-inflammatory state, but how these states are regulated remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the neutrophil-expressed G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Mrgpra1 is a negative regulator of neutrophil bactericidal functions. Mrgpra1-mediated signaling was driven by its ligand, neuropeptide FF (NPFF), which dictated the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory programming. Specifically, the Mrgpra1-NPFF axis counter-regulated interferon (IFN) γ-mediated neutrophil polarization during acute lung infection by favoring an alternative-like polarization, suggesting that it may act to balance overzealous neutrophilic responses. Distinct, cross-regulated populations of neutrophils were the primary source of NPFF and IFNγ during infection. As a subset of neutrophils at steady state expressed NPFF, these findings could have broad implications in various infectious and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, a neutrophil-intrinsic pathway determines their cellular fate, function, and magnitude of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naina Gour
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hwan Mee Yong
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aishwarya Magesh
- Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aishwarya Atakkatan
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Felipe Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephane Lajoie
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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3
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Gwozdzinski L, Pieniazek A, Gwozdzinski K. Factors Influencing Venous Remodeling in the Development of Varicose Veins of the Lower Limbs. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1560. [PMID: 38338837 PMCID: PMC10855638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the early symptoms of chronic venous disease (CVD) is varicose veins (VV) of the lower limbs. There are many etiological environmental factors influencing the development of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), although genetic factors and family history of the disease play a key role. All these factors induce changes in the hemodynamic in the venous system of the lower limbs leading to blood stasis, hypoxia, inflammation, oxidative stress, proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), changes in microcirculation and, consequently, the remodeling of the venous wall. The aim of this review is to present current knowledge on CVD, including the pathophysiology and mechanisms related to vein wall remodeling. Particular emphasis has been placed on describing the role of inflammation and oxidative stress and the involvement of extracellular hemoglobin as pathogenetic factors of VV. Additionally, active substances used in the treatment of VV were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Gwozdzinski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Pieniazek
- Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Gwozdzinski
- Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
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4
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Richardson IM, Calo CJ, Ginter EL, Niehaus E, Pacheco KA, Hind LE. Diverse bacteria elicit distinct neutrophil responses in a physiologically relevant model of infection. iScience 2024; 27:108627. [PMID: 38188520 PMCID: PMC10770534 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
An efficient neutrophil response is critical for fighting bacterial infections, which remain a significant global health concern; therefore, modulating neutrophil function could be an effective therapeutic approach. While we have a general understanding of how neutrophils respond to bacteria, how neutrophil function differs in response to diverse bacterial infections remains unclear. Here, we use a microfluidic infection-on-a-chip device to investigate the neutrophil response to four bacterial species: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. We find enhanced neutrophil extravasation to L. monocytogenes, a limited overall response to S. aureus, and identify IL-6 as universally important for neutrophil extravasation. Furthermore, we demonstrate a higher percentage of neutrophils generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) when combating gram-negative bacteria versus gram-positive bacteria. For all bacterial species, we found the percentage of neutrophils producing ROS increased following extravasation through an endothelium, underscoring the importance of studying neutrophil function in physiologically relevant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac M. Richardson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado – Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Christopher J. Calo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado – Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Eric L. Ginter
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado – Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Elise Niehaus
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado – Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Kayla A. Pacheco
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado – Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Laurel E. Hind
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado – Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
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5
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Kafka A, Ermogenous C, Ombrato L. Isolation of Live Immune Cells from the Tumor Microenvironment by FACS. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2748:1-12. [PMID: 38070103 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3593-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Isolation of live cells from the tumor microenvironment (TME) has represented a challenge, particularly from metastatic nodules that need to be identified within the entire metastatic tissue. Cherry-niche, an in vivo labelling technique, allows the isolation of all the different cell populations in the TME without needing to visually locate the metastatic cancer cell colonies. Therefore, neighboring TME cells can be isolated even from the early stages of cancer cell seeding and colonization in the metastatic tissue. Here, we show how to use Cherry-niche to identify and isolate neutrophils from the lung metastatic niche. We also provide examples of downstream analyses to characterize freshly isolated neutrophils ex vivo, such as Giemsa staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, and phagocytosis assays. Similar strategies can be used to isolate other immune and non-immune cells from the metastatic TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Kafka
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | - Christos Ermogenous
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
| | - Luigi Ombrato
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK.
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6
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Phelps DW, Palekar AI, Conley HE, Ferrero G, Driggers JH, Linder KE, Kullman SW, Reif DM, Sheats MK, DeWitt JC, Yoder JA. Legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances suppress the neutrophil respiratory burst. J Immunotoxicol 2023; 20:2176953. [PMID: 36788734 PMCID: PMC10361455 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2023.2176953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are used in a multitude of processes and products, including nonstick coatings, food wrappers, and fire-fighting foams. These chemicals are environmentally-persistent, ubiquitous, and can be detected in the serum of 98% of Americans. Despite evidence that PFASs alter adaptive immunity, few studies have investigated their effects on innate immunity. The report here presents results of studies that investigated the impact of nine environmentally-relevant PFASs [e.g. perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid potassium salt (PFOS-K), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), ammonium perfluoro(2-methyl-3-oxahexanoate) (GenX), 7H-perfluoro-4-methyl-3,6-dioxa-octane sulfonic acid (Nafion byproduct 2), and perfluoromethoxyacetic acid sodium salt (PFMOAA-Na)] on one component of the innate immune response, the neutrophil respiratory burst. The respiratory burst is a key innate immune process by which microbicidal reactive oxygen species (ROS) are rapidly induced by neutrophils in response to pathogens; defects in the respiratory burst can increase susceptibility to infection. The study here utilized larval zebrafish, a human neutrophil-like cell line, and primary human neutrophils to ascertain whether PFAS exposure inhibits ROS production in the respiratory burst. It was observed that exposure to PFHxA and GenX suppresses the respiratory burst in zebrafish larvae and a human neutrophil-like cell line. GenX also suppressed the respiratory burst in primary human neutrophils. This report is the first to demonstrate that these PFASs suppress neutrophil function and support the utility of employing zebrafish larvae and a human cell line as screening tools to identify chemicals that may suppress human immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drake W. Phelps
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Center for Environmental and Health Effects of PFAS, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Anika I. Palekar
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Haleigh E. Conley
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Giuliano Ferrero
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Center for Environmental and Health Effects of PFAS, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Jacob H. Driggers
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Keith E. Linder
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Seth W. Kullman
- Center for Environmental and Health Effects of PFAS, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Toxicology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - David M. Reif
- Center for Environmental and Health Effects of PFAS, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Toxicology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - M. Katie Sheats
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Jamie C. DeWitt
- Center for Environmental and Health Effects of PFAS, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Jeffrey A. Yoder
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Center for Environmental and Health Effects of PFAS, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
- Toxicology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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7
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Garanina AS, Vishnevskiy DA, Chernysheva AA, Valikhov MP, Malinovskaya JA, Lazareva PA, Semkina AS, Abakumov MA, Naumenko VA. Neutrophil as a Carrier for Cancer Nanotherapeutics: A Comparative Study of Liposome, PLGA, and Magnetic Nanoparticles Delivery to Tumors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1564. [PMID: 38004431 PMCID: PMC10674452 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient drug accumulation in tumors is still a major concern for using cancer nanotherapeutics. Here, the neutrophil-based delivery of three nanoparticle types-liposomes, PLGA, and magnetite nanoparticles-was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. Confocal microscopy and a flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that all the studied nanoparticles interacted with neutrophils from the peripheral blood of mice with 4T1 mammary adenocarcinoma without a significant impact on neutrophil viability or activation state. Intravital microscopy of the tumor microenvironment showed that the neutrophils did not engulf the liposomes after intravenous administration, but facilitated nanoparticle extravasation in tumors through micro- and macroleakages. PLGA accumulated along the vessel walls in the form of local clusters. Later, PLGA nanoparticle-loaded neutrophils were found to cross the vascular barrier and migrate towards the tumor core. The magnetite nanoparticles extravasated in tumors both via spontaneous macroleakages and on neutrophils. Overall, the specific type of nanoparticles largely determined their behavior in blood vessels and their neutrophil-mediated delivery to the tumor. Since neutrophils are the first to migrate to the site of inflammation, they can increase nanodrug delivery effectiveness for nanomedicine application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia S. Garanina
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», 119049 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Daniil A. Vishnevskiy
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.V.); (M.P.V.); (P.A.L.); (A.S.S.)
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.C.); (V.A.N.)
| | - Anastasia A. Chernysheva
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.C.); (V.A.N.)
| | - Marat P. Valikhov
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.V.); (M.P.V.); (P.A.L.); (A.S.S.)
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.C.); (V.A.N.)
| | | | - Polina A. Lazareva
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.V.); (M.P.V.); (P.A.L.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Alevtina S. Semkina
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.V.); (M.P.V.); (P.A.L.); (A.S.S.)
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.C.); (V.A.N.)
| | - Maxim A. Abakumov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology «MISIS», 119049 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.V.); (M.P.V.); (P.A.L.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Victor A. Naumenko
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.C.); (V.A.N.)
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8
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Oryan A, Alemzadeh E, Mohammadi S. Healing potential of curcumin nanomicelles in cutaneous burn wounds: an in vitro and in vivo study. Connect Tissue Res 2023; 64:555-568. [PMID: 37458277 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2023.2235007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM OF THE STUDY Curcumin is the active substance of turmeric and has been shown to enhance the healing potential of burn wounds. However, its high hydrophobicity and rapid degradability are great challenges for its clinical applications. The development of new curcumin formulations may provide a potential solution to these issues. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we investigated the use of curcumin nanomicelles for wound dressing and evaluated their effects on fibroblast migration and proliferation in vitro. We found that the application of curcumin nanomicelles to the wounds significantly improved wound contraction and increased the expression of transforming growth factor-1 and basic fibroblast growth factor at day 14 of the healing process. Furthermore, curcumin nanomicelles reduced the expression of interleukin-1 at days 7 and 14 post-wounding. Histopathological analysis revealed that the curcumin nanomicelles-treated burn wounds exhibited more organized granulation tissue, improved angiogenesis, and enhanced re-epithelialization. Additionally, the curcumin treatment led to increased hydroxyproline content and enhanced TGF-β1 expression level in the wounds. The in vitro studies also demonstrated that the curcumin nanomicelles induced proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings suggest that curcumin nanomicelles can be a promising candidate for the treatment of burn wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Oryan
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Esmat Alemzadeh
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Soroush Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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9
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Shubina VS, Kozina VI, Shatalin YV. A Comparative Study of the Inhibitory Effect of Some Flavonoids and a Conjugate of Taxifolin with Glyoxylic Acid on the Oxidative Burst of Neutrophils. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15068. [PMID: 37894747 PMCID: PMC10606308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During the storage, processing, and digestion of flavonoid-rich foods and beverages, a condensation of flavonoids with toxic carbonyl compounds occurs. The effect of the resulting products on cells remains largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of quercetin, taxifolin, catechin, eriodictyol, hesperetin, naringenin, and a condensation product of taxifolin with glyoxylic acid on the oxidative burst of neutrophils. It was found that the flavonoids and the condensation product inhibited the total production of ROS. Flavonoids decreased both the intra and extracellular ROS production. The condensation product had no effect on intracellular ROS production but effectively inhibited the extracellular production of ROS. Thus, the condensation of flavonoids with toxic carbonyl compounds may lead to the formation of compounds exhibiting potent inhibitory effects on the oxidative burst of neutrophils. The data also suggest that, during these reactions, the influence of a fraction of flavonoids and their polyphenolic derivatives on cellular functions may change. On the whole, the results of the study provide a better understanding of the effects of polyphenols on human health. In addition, these results reveal the structure-activity relationship of these polyphenols and may be useful in a search for new therapeutic agents against diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria S. Shubina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | | | - Yuri V. Shatalin
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
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10
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Hissen KL, He W, Wu G, Criscitiello MF. Immunonutrition: facilitating mucosal immune response in teleost intestine with amino acids through oxidant-antioxidant balance. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241615. [PMID: 37841275 PMCID: PMC10570457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative animal models generate fundamental scientific knowledge of immune responses. However, these studies typically are conducted in mammals because of their biochemical and physiological similarity to humans. Presently, there has been an interest in using teleost fish models to study intestinal immunology, particularly intestinal mucosa immune response. Instead of targeting the pathogen itself, a preferred approach for managing fish health is through nutrient supplementation, as it is noninvasive and less labor intensive than vaccine administrations while still modulating immune properties. Amino acids (AAs) regulate metabolic processes, oxidant-antioxidant balance, and physiological requirements to improve immune response. Thus, nutritionists can develop sustainable aquafeeds through AA supplementation to promote specific immune responses, including the intestinal mucosa immune system. We propose the use of dietary supplementation with functional AAs to improve immune response by discussing teleost fish immunology within the intestine and explore how oxidative burst is used as an immune defense mechanism. We evaluate immune components and immune responses in the intestine that use oxidant-antioxidant balance through potential selection of AAs and their metabolites to improve mucosal immune capacity and gut integrity. AAs are effective modulators of teleost gut immunity through oxidant-antioxidant balance. To incorporate nutrition as an immunoregulatory means in teleost, we must obtain more tools including genomic, proteomic, nutrition, immunology, and macrobiotic and metabonomic analyses, so that future studies can provide a more holistic understanding of the mucosal immune system in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina L. Hissen
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Wenliang He
- Amino Acid Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Amino Acid Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Michael F. Criscitiello
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
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11
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Metzemaekers M, Malengier-Devlies B, Gouwy M, De Somer L, Cunha FDQ, Opdenakker G, Proost P. Fast and furious: The neutrophil and its armamentarium in health and disease. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1537-1606. [PMID: 37036061 DOI: 10.1002/med.21958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are powerful effector cells leading the first wave of acute host-protective responses. These innate leukocytes are endowed with oxidative and nonoxidative defence mechanisms, and play well-established roles in fighting invading pathogens. With microbicidal weaponry largely devoid of specificity and an all-too-well recognized toxicity potential, collateral damage may occur in neutrophil-rich diseases. However, emerging evidence suggests that neutrophils are more versatile, heterogeneous, and sophisticated cells than initially thought. At the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity, neutrophils demonstrate their multifaceted functions in infectious and noninfectious pathologies including cancer, autoinflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Here, we discuss the kinetics of neutrophils and their products of activation from bench to bedside during health and disease, and provide an overview of the versatile functions of neutrophils as key modulators of immune responses and physiological processes. We focus specifically on those activities and concepts that have been validated with primary human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Metzemaekers
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Malengier-Devlies
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien De Somer
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- European Reference Network for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) at the University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Zhang T, Luu MDA, Dolga AM, Eisel ULM, Schmidt M. The old second messenger cAMP teams up with novel cell death mechanisms: potential translational therapeutical benefit for Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1207280. [PMID: 37405135 PMCID: PMC10315612 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1207280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) represent the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders severely impacting life expectancy and quality of life of millions of people worldwide. AD and PD exhibit both a very distinct pathophysiological disease pattern. Intriguingly, recent researches, however, implicate that overlapping mechanisms may underlie AD and PD. In AD and PD, novel cell death mechanisms, encompassing parthanatos, netosis, lysosome-dependent cell death, senescence and ferroptosis, apparently rely on the production of reactive oxygen species, and seem to be modulated by the well-known, "old" second messenger cAMP. Signaling of cAMP via PKA and Epac promotes parthanatos and induces lysosomal cell death, while signaling of cAMP via PKA inhibits netosis and cellular senescence. Additionally, PKA protects against ferroptosis, whereas Epac1 promotes ferroptosis. Here we review the most recent insights into the overlapping mechanisms between AD and PD, with a special focus on cAMP signaling and the pharmacology of cAMP signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Minh D. A. Luu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Amalia M. Dolga
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L. M. Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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13
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Youn C, Pontaza C, Wang Y, Dikeman DA, Joyce DP, Alphonse MP, Wu MJ, Nolan SJ, Anany MA, Ahmadi M, Young J, Tocaj A, Garza LA, Wajant H, Miller LS, Archer NK. Neutrophil-intrinsic TNF receptor signaling orchestrates host defense against Staphylococcus aureus. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf8748. [PMID: 37327341 PMCID: PMC10275602 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections and is a major health burden due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. To address the unmet need of alternative treatments to antibiotics, a better understanding of the protective immune mechanisms against S. aureus skin infection is warranted. Here, we report that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) promoted protection against S. aureus in the skin, which was mediated by bone marrow-derived immune cells. Furthermore, neutrophil-intrinsic TNF receptor (TNFR) signaling directed immunity against S. aureus skin infections. Mechanistically, TNFR1 promoted neutrophil recruitment to the skin, whereas TNFR2 prevented systemic bacterial dissemination and directed neutrophil antimicrobial functions. Treatment with a TNFR2 agonist showed therapeutic efficacy against S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa skin infections, which involved increased neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Our findings revealed nonredundant roles for TNFR1 and TNFR2 in neutrophils for immunity against S. aureus and can be therapeutically targeted for protection against bacterial skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Youn
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Cristina Pontaza
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Dustin A. Dikeman
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Daniel P. Joyce
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Martin P. Alphonse
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Meng-Jen Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sabrina J. Nolan
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mohamed A. Anany
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Research Center, El Buhouth Street, Dokki, 12622 Giza, Egypt
| | - Michael Ahmadi
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jeremy Young
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Aron Tocaj
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Luis A. Garza
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Lloyd S. Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Nathan K. Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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14
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Miranda N, Hoyer KK. Coccidioidomycosis Granulomas Informed by Other Diseases: Advancements, Gaps, and Challenges. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:650. [PMID: 37367586 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Valley fever is a respiratory disease caused by a soil fungus, Coccidioides, that is inhaled upon soil disruption. One mechanism by which the host immune system attempts to control and eliminate Coccidioides is through granuloma formation. However, very little is known about granulomas during Coccidioides infection. Granulomas were first identified in tuberculosis (TB) lungs as early as 1679, and yet many gaps in our understanding of granuloma formation, maintenance, and regulation remain. Granulomas are best defined in TB, providing clues that may be leveraged to understand Coccidioides infections. Granulomas also form during several other infectious and spontaneous diseases including sarcoidosis, chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), and others. This review explores our current understanding of granulomas, as well as potential mechanisms, and applies this knowledge to unraveling coccidioidomycosis granulomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Miranda
- Quantitative Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Katrina K Hoyer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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15
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Esposito I, Kontra I, Giacomassi C, Manou-Stathopoulou S, Brown J, Stratton R, Verykokou G, Buccafusca R, Stevens M, Nissim A, Lewis MJ, Pfeffer PE. Identification of autoantigens and their potential post-translational modification in EGPA and severe eosinophilic asthma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1164941. [PMID: 37334358 PMCID: PMC10272393 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1164941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The chronic airway inflammation in severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) suggests potential autoimmune aetiology with unidentified autoantibodies analogous to myeloperoxidase (MPO) in ANCA-positive EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis). Previous research has shown that oxidative post-translational modification (oxPTM) of proteins is an important mechanism by which autoantibody responses may escape immune tolerance. Autoantibodies to oxPTM autoantigens in SEA have not previously been studied. Methods Patients with EGPA and SEA were recruited as well as healthy control participants. Autoantigen agnostic approach: Participant serum was incubated with slides of unstimulated and PMA-stimulated neutrophils and eosinophils, and autoantibodies to granulocytes were identified by immunofluorescence with anti-human IgG FITC antibody. Target autoantigen approach: Candidate proteins were identified from previous literature and FANTOM5 gene set analysis for eosinophil expressed proteins. Serum IgG autoantibodies to these proteins, in native and oxPTM form, were detected by indirect ELISA. Results Immunofluorescence studies showed that serum from patients with known ANCA stained for IgG against neutrophils as expected. In addition, serum from 9 of 17 tested SEA patients stained for IgG to PMA-stimulated neutrophils undergoing NETosis. Immunofluorescent staining of eosinophil slides was evident with serum from all participants (healthy and with eosinophilic disease) with diffuse cytoplasmic staining except for one SEA individual in whom subtle nuclear staining was evident. FANTOM5 gene set analysis identified TREM1 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1) and IL-1 receptor 2 (IL1R2) as eosinophil-specific targets to test for autoantibody responses in addition to MPO, eosinophil peroxidase (EPX), and Collagen-V identified from previous literature. Indirect ELISAs found high concentrations of serum autoantibodies to Collagen-V, MPO, and TREM1 in a higher proportion of SEA patients than healthy controls. High concentrations of serum autoantibodies to EPX were evident in serum from both healthy and SEA participants. The proportion of patients with positive autoantibody ELISAs was not increased when examining oxPTM compared to native proteins. Discussion Although none of the target proteins studied showed high sensitivity for SEA, the high proportion of patients positive for at least one serum autoantibody shows the potential of more research on autoantibody serology to improve diagnostic testing for severe asthma. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier, NCT04671446.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Esposito
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ioanna Kontra
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Giacomassi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - James Brown
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Stratton
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Galateia Verykokou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Buccafusca
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Stevens
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Ahuva Nissim
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Myles J. Lewis
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul E. Pfeffer
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Sisakhtnezhad S, Rahimi M, Mohammadi S. Biomedical applications of MnO 2 nanomaterials as nanozyme-based theranostics. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114833. [PMID: 37150035 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoenzymes/nanozymes (MnO2-NEs) are 1-100 nm nanomaterials that mimic catalytic, oxidative, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities. The oxidative-like activity of MnO2-NEs makes them suitable for developing effective and low-cost colorimetric detection assays of biomolecules. Interestingly, MnO2-NEs also demonstrate scavenging properties against reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various pathological conditions. In addition, due to the decomposition of MnO2-NEs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the production of Mn2+, they can act as a contrast agent for improving clinical imaging diagnostics. MnO2-NEs also can use as an in situ oxygen production system in TME, thereby overcoming hypoxic conditions and their consequences in the progression of cancer. Furthermore, MnO2-NEs as a shell and coating make the nanosystems smart and, therefore, in combination with other nanomaterials, the MnO2-NEs can be used as an intelligent nanocarrier for delivering drugs, photosensitizers, and sonosensitizers in vivo. Moreover, these capabilities make MnO2-NEs a promising candidate for the detection and treatment of different human diseases such as cancer, metabolic, infectious, and inflammatory pathological conditions. MnO2-NEs also have ROS-scavenging and anti-bacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, which make them suitable for wound healing applications. Given the importance of nanomaterials and their potential applications in biomedicine, this review aimed to discuss the biochemical properties and the theranostic roles of MnO2-NEs and recent advances in their use in colorimetric detection assays of biomolecules, diagnostic imaging, drug delivery, and combinatorial therapy applications. Finally, the challenges of MnO2-NEs applications in biomedicine will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matin Rahimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soheila Mohammadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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17
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Pleskova SN, Erofeev AS, Vaneev AN, Gorelkin PV, Bobyk SZ, Kolmogorov VS, Bezrukov NA, Lazarenko EV. ROS Production by a Single Neutrophil Cell and Neutrophil Population upon Bacterial Stimulation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051361. [PMID: 37239032 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by a single neutrophil after stimulation with S. aureus and E. coli was estimated by an electrochemical amperometric method with a high time resolution. This showed significant variability in the response of a single neutrophil to bacterial stimulation, from a "silent cell" to a pronounced response manifested by a series of chronoamperometric spikes. The amount of ROS produced by a single neutrophil under the influence of S. aureus was 5.5-fold greater than that produced under the influence of E. coli. The response of a neutrophil granulocyte population to bacterial stimulation was analyzed using luminol-dependent biochemiluminescence (BCL). The stimulation of neutrophils with S. aureus, as compared to stimulation with E. coli, caused a total response in terms of ROS production that was seven-fold greater in terms of the integral value of the light sum and 13-fold greater in terms of the maximum peak value. The method of ROS detection at the level of a single cell indicated the functional heterogeneity of the neutrophil population, but the specificity of the cellular response to different pathogens was the same at the cellular and population levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N Pleskova
- Laboratory of Scanning Probe Microscopy, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Department "Nanotechnology and Biotechnology", R.E. Alekseev Technical State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603155 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexander S Erofeev
- Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Leninskiy Prospect, 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Vaneev
- Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Leninskiy Prospect, 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr V Gorelkin
- Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Leninskiy Prospect, 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Z Bobyk
- Laboratory of Scanning Probe Microscopy, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vasilii S Kolmogorov
- Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Leninskiy Prospect, 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Bezrukov
- Laboratory of Scanning Probe Microscopy, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Lazarenko
- Laboratory of Scanning Probe Microscopy, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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18
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Abstract
Neutrophils or polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are an important component of innate host defense. These phagocytic leukocytes are recruited to infected tissues and kill invading microbes. There are several general characteristics of neutrophils that make them highly effective as antimicrobial cells. First, there is tremendous daily production and turnover of granulocytes in healthy adults-typically 1011 per day. The vast majority (~95%) of these cells are neutrophils. In addition, neutrophils are mobilized rapidly in response to chemotactic factors and are among the first leukocytes recruited to infected tissues. Most notably, neutrophils contain and/or produce an abundance of antimicrobial molecules. Many of these antimicrobial molecules are toxic to host cells and can destroy host tissues. Thus, neutrophil activation and turnover are highly regulated processes. To that end, aged neutrophils undergo apoptosis constitutively, a process that contains antimicrobial function and proinflammatory capacity. Importantly, apoptosis facilitates nonphlogistic turnover of neutrophils and removal by macrophages. This homeostatic process is altered by interaction with microbes and their products, as well as host proinflammatory molecules. Microbial pathogens can delay neutrophil apoptosis, accelerate apoptosis following phagocytosis, or cause neutrophil cytolysis. Here, we review these processes and provide perspective on recent studies that have potential to impact this paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Frank R DeLeo
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
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19
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Nayak SS, Sundararajan V. Robust anti-inflammatory activity of genistein against neutrophil elastase: a microsecond molecular dynamics simulation study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:11612-11628. [PMID: 36705087 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2170919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Human Neutrophil Elastase (HNE) is one of the major causes of tissue destruction in numerous chronic and inflammatory disorders and has been reported as a therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases. Overexpression of this enzyme plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The focus of this study is to identify potent natural inhibitors that could target the active site of the HNE through the use of computational methods. The molecular structure of small molecules was retrieved from several natural compound databases. This was followed by structure-based virtual screening, molecular docking, ADMET property predictions and molecular dynamic simulation studies to screen potential HNE inhibitors. In total, 1881 natural compounds were extracted and subjected to molecular docking studies, and 10 compounds were found to have good interactions, exhibiting the best docking scores. Genistein showed higher binding efficacy (-10.28 Kcal/mol) to HNE in comparison to other natural compounds. The conformational stability of the docked complex of the ELANE gene (HNE) with genistein was assessed using 1-microsecond molecular dynamic simulation (MDs), which reliably revealed the unique stereochemical alteration of the complex, indicating its conformational stability and flexibility. Alterations in the enzyme structure upon complex formation were further characterized through clustering analysis and linear interaction energy (LIE) calculation. The outcomes of this research propose novel potential candidates against target HNE.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smruti Sudha Nayak
- Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vino Sundararajan
- Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
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20
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Zhao R, Lopez B, Schwingshackl A, Goldstein SA. Protection from acute lung injury by a peptide designed to inhibit the voltage-gated proton channel. iScience 2022; 26:105901. [PMID: 36660473 PMCID: PMC9843441 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no targeted medical therapies for Acute Lung Injury (ALI) or its most severe form acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Infections are the most common cause of ALI/ARDS and these disorders present clinically with alveolar inflammation and barrier dysfunction due to the influx of neutrophils and inflammatory mediator secretion. We designed the C6 peptide to inhibit voltage-gated proton channels (Hv1) and demonstrated that it suppressed the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proteases from neutrophils in vitro. We now show that intravenous C6 counteracts bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice, and suppresses the accumulation of neutrophils, ROS, and proinflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Confirming the salutary effects of C6 are via Hv1, genetic deletion of the channel similarly protects mice from LPS-induced ALI. This report reveals that Hv1 is a key regulator of ALI, that Hv1 is a druggable target, and that C6 is a viable agent to treat ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Zhao
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology & Biophysics, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Benjamin Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andreas Schwingshackl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Steve A.N. Goldstein
- Departments of Pediatrics, Physiology & Biophysics, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA,Corresponding author
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21
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Zhang XW, An MX, Huang ZK, Ma L, Zhao D, Yang Z, Shi JX, Liu DX, Li Q, Wu AH, Chen YH, Zhao WD. Lpp of Escherichia coli K1 inhibits host ROS production to counteract neutrophil-mediated elimination. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102588. [PMID: 36592568 PMCID: PMC9823224 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common Gram-negative bacterial organism causing neonatal meningitis. The pathogenesis of E. coli meningitis, especially how E. coli escape the host immune defenses, remains to be clarified. Here we show that deletion of bacterial Lpp encoding lipoprotein significantly reduces the pathogenicity of E. coli K1 to induce high-degree of bacteremia necessary for meningitis. The Lpp-deleted E. coli K1 is found to be susceptible to the intracellular bactericidal activity of neutrophils, without affecting the release of neutrophil extracellular traps. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), representing the primary antimicrobial mechanism in neutrophils, is significantly increased in response to Lpp-deleted E. coli. We find this enhanced ROS response is associated with the membrane translocation of NADPH oxidase p47phox and p67phox in neutrophils. Then we constructed p47phox knockout mice and we found the incidence of bacteremia and meningitis in neonatal mice induced by Lpp-deleted E. coli is significantly recovered by p47phox knockout. Proteomic profile analysis show that Lpp deficiency induces upregulation of flagellar protein FliC in E. coli. We further demonstrate that FliC is required for the ROS induction in neutrophils by Lpp-deleted E. coli. Taken together, these data uncover the novel role of Lpp in facilitating intracellular survival of E. coli K1 within neutrophils. It can be inferred that Lpp of E. coli K1 is able to suppress FliC expression to restrain the activation of NADPH oxidase in neutrophils resulting in diminished bactericidal activity, thus protecting E. coli K1 from the elimination by neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wei Zhang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Ming-Xin An
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Zeng-Kang Huang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China,Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jun-Xiu Shi
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Dong-Xin Liu
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 16 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110134, China
| | - An-Hua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yu-Hua Chen
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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Dahlgren C, Lind S, Mårtensson J, Björkman L, Wu Y, Sundqvist M, Forsman H. G
protein coupled pattern recognition receptors expressed in neutrophils
: Recognition, activation/modulation, signaling and receptor regulated functions. Immunol Rev 2022; 314:69-92. [PMID: 36285739 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant white blood cell in human blood, express receptors that recognize damage/microbial associated pattern molecules of importance for cell recruitment to sites of inflammation. Many of these receptors belong to the family of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). These receptor-proteins span the plasma membrane in expressing cells seven times and the down-stream signaling rely in most cases on an activation of heterotrimeric G proteins. The GPCRs expressed in neutrophils recognize a number of structurally diverse ligands (activating agonists, allosteric modulators, and inhibiting antagonists) and share significant sequence homologies. Studies of receptor structure and function have during the last 40 years generated important information on GPCR biology in general; this knowledge aids in the overall understanding of general pharmacological principles, governing regulation of neutrophil function and inflammatory processes, including novel leukocyte receptor activities related to ligand recognition, biased/functional selective signaling, allosteric modulation, desensitization, and reactivation mechanisms as well as communication (receptor transactivation/cross-talk) between GPCRs. This review summarizes the recent discoveries and pharmacological hallmarks with focus on some of the neutrophil expressed pattern recognition GPCRs. In addition, unmet challenges, including recognition by the receptors of diverse ligands and how biased signaling mediate different biological effects are described/discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research University of Göteborg. Göteborg Sweden
| | - Simon Lind
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research University of Göteborg. Göteborg Sweden
| | - Jonas Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research University of Göteborg. Göteborg Sweden
| | - Lena Björkman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research University of Göteborg. Göteborg Sweden
| | - Yanling Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research University of Göteborg. Göteborg Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research University of Göteborg. Göteborg Sweden
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research University of Göteborg. Göteborg Sweden
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Damascena HL, Silveira WAA, Castro MS, Fontes W. Neutrophil Activated by the Famous and Potent PMA (Phorbol Myristate Acetate). Cells 2022; 11:cells11182889. [PMID: 36139464 PMCID: PMC9496763 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review will briefly outline the major signaling pathways in PMA-activated neutrophils. PMA is widely used to understand neutrophil pathways and formation of NETs. PMA activates PKC; however, we highlight some isoforms that contribute to specific functions. PKC α, β and δ contribute to ROS production while PKC βII and PKC ζ are involved in cytoskeleton remodeling. Actin polymerization is important for the chemotaxis of neutrophils and its remodeling is connected to ROS balance. We suggest that, although ROS and production of NETs are usually observed together in PMA-activated neutrophils, there might be a regulatory mechanism balancing both. Interestingly, we suggest that serine proteases might determine the PAD4 action. PAD4 could be responsible for the activation of the NF-κB pathway that leads to IL-1β release, triggering the cleavage of gasdermin D by serine proteases such as elastase, leading to pore formation contributing to release of NETs. On the other hand, when serine proteases are inhibited, NETs are formed by citrullination through the PAD4 pathway. This review puts together results from the last 31 years of research on the effects of PMA on the neutrophil and proposes new insights on their interpretation.
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Tsermpini EE, Glamočlija U, Ulucan-Karnak F, Redenšek Trampuž S, Dolžan V. Molecular Mechanisms Related to Responses to Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative Therapies in COVID-19: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081609. [PMID: 36009328 PMCID: PMC9405444 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a leading global health and economic challenge. What defines the disease’s progression is not entirely understood, but there are strong indications that oxidative stress and the defense against reactive oxygen species are crucial players. A big influx of immune cells to the site of infection is marked by the increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Our article aims to highlight the critical role of oxidative stress in the emergence and severity of COVID-19 and, more importantly, to shed light on the underlying molecular and genetic mechanisms. We have reviewed the available literature and clinical trials to extract the relevant genetic variants within the oxidative stress pathway associated with COVID-19 and the anti-oxidative therapies currently evaluated in the clinical trials for COVID-19 treatment, in particular clinical trials on glutathione and N-acetylcysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Eirini Tsermpini
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Una Glamočlija
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Fulden Ulucan-Karnak
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sara Redenšek Trampuž
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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Wang L, Cao Z, Wang Z, Guo J, Wen J. Reactive oxygen species associated immunoregulation post influenza virus infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:927593. [PMID: 35967412 PMCID: PMC9373727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.927593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An appropriate level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is necessary for cell proliferation, signaling transduction, and apoptosis due to their highly reactive character. ROS are generated through multiple metabolic pathways under a fine-tuned control between oxidant and antioxidant signaling. A growing number of evidence has proved their highly relevant role in modulating inflammation during influenza virus infection. As a network of biological process for protecting organism from invasion of pathogens, immune system can react and fight back through either innate immune system or adaptive immune system, or both. Herein, we provide a review about the mechanisms of ROS generation when encounter influenza virus infection, and how the imbalanced level of ROS influences the replication of virus. We also summarize the pathways used by both the innate and adaptive immune system to sense and attack the invaded virus and abnormal levels of ROS. We further review the limitation of current strategies and discuss the direction of future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States,UCLA Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Institute, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jimin Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States,UCLA Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Institute, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States,UCLA Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Institute, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Jing Wen,
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26
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Saafane A, Girard D. Interaction between iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe 3O 4 NPs) and human neutrophils: Evidence that Fe 3O 4 NPs possess some pro-inflammatory activities. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110053. [PMID: 35872045 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) are important for different medical applications. However, potential toxicity has been reported and several parameters must still be studied to reach highest therapeutic efficacy with minimal undesired effects. Inflammation is one of the most reported undesired effects of NP exposure in a variety of inflammatory models and conflicting data exist regarding whether Fe3O4 NPs possess pro- or anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to determine the direct effect of Fe3O4 NPs on the biology of neutrophil, a key player cell in inflammation. Freshly isolated human neutrophils were incubated in vitro with Fe3O4 NPs, and several functions have been studied. Using transmission electronic microscopy, Fe3O4 NPs were found to be ingested by neutrophils. These NPs do not induce a respiratory burst by themselves, but they increase the ability of neutrophils to adhere onto human endothelial cells as well as enhance phagocytosis. An antibody array approach revealed that Fe3O4 NPs induce the production of some cytokines, including the chemokine IL-8 (CXCL8), which was confirmed by ELISA. Fe3O4NPs were found to delay spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis regardless of sex of the donor. Using a pharmacological approach, we demonstrate that Fe3O4 NPs delay apoptosis by a de novo protein synthesis-dependent mechanism and via different cell signalling pathways. The data indicate that Fe3O4 NPs can alter the biology of human neutrophils and that they possess some pro-inflammatory effects, particularly based on their capacity to delay apoptosis and to induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, Fe3O4 NPs can regulate inflammation by targeting human neutrophil functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Saafane
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Inflammation et Physiologie des Granulocytes, Université Du Québec, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Girard
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Inflammation et Physiologie des Granulocytes, Université Du Québec, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada.
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27
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Mikhalchik EV, Ivanov VA, Borodina IV, Pobeguts OV, Smirnov IP, Gorudko IV, Grigorieva DV, Boychenko OP, Moskalets AP, Klinov DV, Panasenko OM, Filatova LY, Kirzhanova EA, Balabushevich NG. Neutrophil Activation by Mineral Microparticles Coated with Methylglyoxal-Glycated Albumin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147840. [PMID: 35887188 PMCID: PMC9321525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced protein glycation and formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications and pathological biomineralization. Receptors for AGEs (RAGEs) mediate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via activation of NADPH-oxidase. It is conceivable that binding of glycated proteins with biomineral particles composed mainly of calcium carbonate and/or phosphate enhances their neutrophil-activating capacity and hence their proinflammatory properties. Our research managed to confirm this hypothesis. Human serum albumin (HSA) was glycated with methylglyoxal (MG), and HSA-MG was adsorbed onto mineral microparticles composed of calcium carbonate nanocrystals (vaterite polymorph, CC) or hydroxyapatite nanowires (CP). As scopoletin fluorescence has shown, H2O2 generation by neutrophils stimulated with HSA-MG was inhibited with diphenyleneiodonium chloride, wortmannin, genistein and EDTA, indicating a key role for NADPH-oxidase, protein tyrosine kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and divalent ions (presumably Ca2+) in HSA-MG-induced neutrophil respiratory burst. Superoxide anion generation assessed by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence (Luc-CL) was significantly enhanced by free HSA-MG and by both CC-HSA-MG and CP-HSA-MG microparticles. Comparing the concentrations of CC-bound and free HSA-MG, one could see that adsorption enhanced the neutrophil-activating capacity of HSA-MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Mikhalchik
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.I.); (I.V.B.); (O.V.P.); (I.P.S.); (O.P.B.); (A.P.M.); (D.V.K.); (O.M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-499-2464352
| | - Victor A. Ivanov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.I.); (I.V.B.); (O.V.P.); (I.P.S.); (O.P.B.); (A.P.M.); (D.V.K.); (O.M.P.)
| | - Irina V. Borodina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.I.); (I.V.B.); (O.V.P.); (I.P.S.); (O.P.B.); (A.P.M.); (D.V.K.); (O.M.P.)
| | - Olga V. Pobeguts
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.I.); (I.V.B.); (O.V.P.); (I.P.S.); (O.P.B.); (A.P.M.); (D.V.K.); (O.M.P.)
| | - Igor P. Smirnov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.I.); (I.V.B.); (O.V.P.); (I.P.S.); (O.P.B.); (A.P.M.); (D.V.K.); (O.M.P.)
| | - Irina V. Gorudko
- Department of Biophysics, Belarusian State University, 220030 Minsk, Belarus; (I.V.G.); (D.V.G.)
| | - Daria V. Grigorieva
- Department of Biophysics, Belarusian State University, 220030 Minsk, Belarus; (I.V.G.); (D.V.G.)
| | - Olga P. Boychenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.I.); (I.V.B.); (O.V.P.); (I.P.S.); (O.P.B.); (A.P.M.); (D.V.K.); (O.M.P.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.Y.F.); (E.A.K.); (N.G.B.)
| | - Alexander P. Moskalets
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.I.); (I.V.B.); (O.V.P.); (I.P.S.); (O.P.B.); (A.P.M.); (D.V.K.); (O.M.P.)
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Klinov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.I.); (I.V.B.); (O.V.P.); (I.P.S.); (O.P.B.); (A.P.M.); (D.V.K.); (O.M.P.)
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis Innovative Technologies, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg M. Panasenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.I.); (I.V.B.); (O.V.P.); (I.P.S.); (O.P.B.); (A.P.M.); (D.V.K.); (O.M.P.)
| | - Luboff Y. Filatova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.Y.F.); (E.A.K.); (N.G.B.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Kirzhanova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.Y.F.); (E.A.K.); (N.G.B.)
| | - Nadezhda G. Balabushevich
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.Y.F.); (E.A.K.); (N.G.B.)
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Al-Hamrashdi A, Al-Habsi K, Elshafie EI, Johnson EH. Comparison of the oxidative respiratory burst and mitogen-induced leukocyte responses of camels, goats, sheep, and cows. Vet World 2022; 15:1398-1407. [PMID: 35993061 PMCID: PMC9375205 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1398-1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The reports from the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries suggest that camels suffer less compared to goats, sheep, and cows from a number of common infectious diseases in Oman. However, there is no immunological evidence to substantiate this claim. This present study is, therefore, an attempt to study the immunological responses of camels, goats, sheep, and cows by comparing their oxidative respiratory burst of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) as a marker of innate immunity occurring during phagocytosis and the mitogenic responses of their peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBMLs) as a marker of their adaptive immune response. Materials and Methods: Ten female adult animals (n = 10) were selected from each species (goats, sheep, and cows). The goats, sheep, and cows were maintained at the Agricultural Experiment Station, while camels were kept at the Royal Camel Corps (RCC). Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein in 7 mL of heparin and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid vacutainer tubes. The oxidative respiratory burst of PBLs was measured using a chemiluminescence (CL) assay. Reactants consisted of 75 mL of whole blood diluted (1:50), 75 mL of luminol/isoluminol, and 75 mL of zymosan opsonized with non-heat inactivated serum/heat-inactivated serum or non-opsonized zymosan. CL responses were measured as relative light units and expressed as the mean count per minute and peak CL values. The mitogenic response of PBMLs to concanavalin A (Con-A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was tested using a WST-8 assay and read spectrophotometrically at 450 nm. Results: The present findings showed that camel PBLs generate significantly higher CL responses, both intracellularly as well as extracellularly, with zymosan opsonized with autologous serum. Camel PBLs demonstrated a significantly higher (p = 0.001) response when stimulated with zymosan opsonized with heat-inactivated serum compared to those of goat, sheep, and cow lymphocytes from camels exhibited significantly higher (p = 0.001) stimulation indices (SI) with Con-A, PHA, and PWM. Conclusion: The present study suggests that camels are capable of mounting both superior innate as well as adaptive immune responses and provide immunological evidence supporting the belief of some authors, who have proposed that camels are less susceptible to a number of common infectious diseases than other domesticated ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Al-Hamrashdi
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Khalid Al-Habsi
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Elshafie I. Elshafie
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Al Amarat, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Eugene H. Johnson
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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29
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Oxidative Stress, Genomic Integrity, and Liver Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103159. [PMID: 35630636 PMCID: PMC9147071 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess reactive oxygen species production and free radical formation can lead to oxidative stress that can damage cells, tissues, and organs. Cellular oxidative stress is defined as the imbalance between ROS production and antioxidants. This imbalance can lead to malfunction or structure modification of major cellular molecules such as lipids, proteins, and DNAs. During oxidative stress conditions, DNA and protein structure modifications can lead to various diseases. Various antioxidant-specific gene expression and signal transduction pathways are activated during oxidative stress to maintain homeostasis and to protect organs from oxidative injury and damage. The liver is more vulnerable to oxidative conditions than other organs. Antioxidants, antioxidant-specific enzymes, and the regulation of the antioxidant responsive element (ARE) genes can act against chronic oxidative stress in the liver. ARE-mediated genes can act as the target site for averting/preventing liver diseases caused by oxidative stress. Identification of these ARE genes as markers will enable the early detection of liver diseases caused by oxidative conditions and help develop new therapeutic interventions. This literature review is focused on antioxidant-specific gene expression upon oxidative stress, the factors responsible for hepatic oxidative stress, liver response to redox signaling, oxidative stress and redox signaling in various liver diseases, and future aspects.
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Stojkov D, Gigon L, Peng S, Lukowski R, Ruth P, Karaulov A, Rizvanov A, Barlev NA, Yousefi S, Simon HU. Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles of Metabolic Pathways for NET Formation and Other Neutrophil Functions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:826515. [PMID: 35251008 PMCID: PMC8889909 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.826515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most numerous cells in the leukocyte population and essential for innate immunity. To limit their effector functions, neutrophils are able to modulate glycolysis and other cellular metabolic pathways. These metabolic pathways are essential not only for energy usage, but also for specialized effector actions, such as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), chemotaxis, phagocytosis, degranulation, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). It has been demonstrated that activated viable neutrophils can produce NETs, which consists of a DNA scaffold able to bind granule proteins and microorganisms. The formation of NETs requires the availability of increased amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as it is an active cellular and therefore energy-dependent process. In this article, we discuss the glycolytic and other metabolic routes in association with neutrophil functions focusing on their role for building up NETs in the extracellular space. A better understanding of the requirements of metabolic pathways for neutrophil functions may lead to the discovery of molecular targets suitable to develop novel anti-infectious and/or anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Stojkov
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lea Gigon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shuang Peng
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Lukowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Ruth
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Nickolai A Barlev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Regulation of Cell Signaling Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Institute of Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
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31
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Ellson CD, Goretti Riça I, Kim JS, Huang YMM, Lim D, Mitra T, Hsu A, Wei EX, Barrett CD, Wahl M, Delbrück H, Heinemann U, Oschkinat H, Chang CEA, Yaffe MB. An integrated pharmacological, structural, and genetic analysis of extracellular versus intracellular ROS production in neutrophils. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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A Viral Long Non-Coding RNA Protects against Cell Death during Human Cytomegalovirus Infection of CD14+ Monocytes. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020246. [PMID: 35215840 PMCID: PMC8874509 DOI: 10.3390/v14020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA β2.7 is the most highly transcribed viral gene during latent human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. However, as yet, no function has ever been ascribed to β2.7 during HCMV latency. Here we show that β2.7 protects against apoptosis induced by high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in infected monocytes, which routinely support latent HCMV infection. Monocytes infected with a wild-type (WT) virus, but not virus deleted for the β2.7 gene (Δβ2.7), are protected against mitochondrial stress and subsequent apoptosis. Protected monocytes display lower levels of ROS and additionally, stress-induced death in the absence of β2.7 can be reversed by an antioxidant which reduces ROS levels. Furthermore, we show that infection with WT but not Δβ2.7 virus results in strong upregulation of a cellular antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in CD14+ monocytes. These observations identify a role for the β2.7 viral transcript, the most abundantly expressed viral RNA during latency but for which no latency-associated function has ever been ascribed, and demonstrate a novel way in which HCMV protects infected monocytes from pro-death signals to optimise latent carriage.
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33
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Nguyen HCB, Chao TN, Cohen NA, Mirza N. Persistent Inflammation and Nitric Oxide Dysregulation Are Transcriptomic Blueprints of Subglottic Stenosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:748533. [PMID: 34987502 PMCID: PMC8720859 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.748533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Subglottic stenosis (SGS) is a recurrent, obstructive, fibroinflammatory disease of the upper airway resulting in severe dyspnea, dysphonia, as well as other potentially fatal complications. Although aberrant inflammation and wound-healing are commonly associated with pathogenesis, the mechanism through which such processes occur and recur in affected patients remains poorly studied. Here we report that transcriptomic profiling of laryngotracheal regions from minimally-invasive mucosal swabs of SGS patients reveals a distinctively pro-inflammatory gene signature. Surprisingly, comparative genomics between SGS patients and mice with direct laryngotracheal injury suggest that SGS patients bear more resemblance to the acute than chronic phase of injury. Furthermore, functional and regulatory network analyses identify neutrophilic involvement through hyper-activation of NF-κB and its downstream inflammasome as a potential master regulator. Interestingly, nitric oxide synthesis was found to be downregulated in SGS patients compared to healthy controls. Thus, SGS represents a state of immunodeficiency whereby defective immune clearance triggers recurrent, long-lasting production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang C. B. Nguyen
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tiffany N. Chao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Division of Otolaryngology, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Noam A. Cohen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Division of Otolaryngology, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Natasha Mirza
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Division of Otolaryngology, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Natasha Mirza,
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Parker HA, Jones HM, Kaldor CD, Hampton MB, Winterbourn CC. Neutrophil NET Formation with Microbial Stimuli Requires Late Stage NADPH Oxidase Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111791. [PMID: 34829662 PMCID: PMC8614658 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils respond to a range of stimuli by releasing extracellular traps (NETs), a mesh consisting of chromatin plus granule and cytoplasmic proteins. We have investigated NET release in response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1), Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, and the involvement of NADPH oxidase (NOX2) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities. An oxidative mechanism was involved with each stimulus, and the NOX2 inhibitor diphenylene iodonium (DPI) gave almost total inhibition. Notably, DPI added up to 60-90 min after stimulation still gave significant inhibition of subsequent NET formation. As most of the NOX2 activity had already occurred by that time, this indicates a requirement for late-stage low-level oxidant production. Inhibition of histone citrullination did not suppress NET formation, indicating that this was not the essential oxidant-dependent step. With PMA and P. aeruginosa PAO1, MPO activity played an important role in the induction of NETs and MPO inhibitors added up to 30-90 min after stimulation suppressed NET formation. NET formation with S. aureus and C. albicans was insensitive to MPO inhibition. Thus, MPO products are important with some stimuli but not others. Our results extend earlier observations with PMA and show that induction of NETs by microbial stimuli requires late stage oxidant production. Others have shown that NET formation involves NOX2-dependent elastase release from granules. As this is an early event, we conclude from our results that there is more than one oxidant-dependent step.
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Shen D, Lu Y, Li G, Hu M, Li S, Ju H, Zhang M, Wang X. Mechanism of neutrophil extracellular traps generation and their role in trophoblasts apoptosis in gestational diabetes mellitus. Cell Signal 2021; 88:110168. [PMID: 34634453 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic syndrome occurring in pregnant women and increases the risk of placental dysplasia. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may play a critical role in placental dysplasia. NETosis (neutrophil cell death by NET release) depends on NADPH/ROS pathway. In view of the adiponectin which is widely believed to be reduced in GDM patients suppresses NADPH oxidase and ROS generation of neutrophil. We speculate that increased NET release is associated with hypoadiponectinemia. Trophoblast apoptosis is significantly increased in GDM patients, but it is not clear whether NETs promotes cell apoptosis. This study aims to reveal the mechanism of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps generation and their role in trophoblast apoptosis in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. We investigated the generation of NETs by cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) quantification, live-cell imaging, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement. ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signalling pathway proteins were detected by western blotting. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry, and western blotting were performed to explore the effects of NETs on trophoblast apoptosis. We found that adiponectin inhibited NET release by suppressing ROS production, and p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 proteins were involved in the process. Further, NETs promoted trophoblast apoptosis by activating the ROS-dependent mitochondrial pathway, which is mediated by ERK1/2 signalling. The current study demonstrated that hypoadiponectinemia is the cause of NETs formation and NETs promoting trophoblast apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Street, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Provincial, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 238 Jingshi East Road, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Street, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Guangzhen Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, 251000, Jinan, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Street, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Shanling Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Provincial, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 238 Jingshi East Road, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Hui Ju
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Provincial, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 238 Jingshi East Road, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- The Laboratory of Placenta-Related Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, 238 Jingshi East Road, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Xietong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Street, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Provincial, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 238 Jingshi East Road, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China; The Laboratory of Placenta-Related Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, 238 Jingshi East Road, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China.
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Neutrophils and Influenza: A Thin Line between Helpful and Harmful. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060597. [PMID: 34199803 PMCID: PMC8228962 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are one of the most prevalent respiratory pathogens known to humans and pose a significant threat to global public health each year. Annual influenza epidemics are responsible for 3-5 million infections worldwide and approximately 500,000 deaths. Presently, yearly vaccinations represent the most effective means of combating these viruses. In humans, influenza viruses infect respiratory epithelial cells and typically cause localized infections of mild to moderate severity. Neutrophils are the first innate cells to be recruited to the site of the infection and possess a wide range of effector functions to eliminate viruses. Some well-described effector functions include phagocytosis, degranulation, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, while these mechanisms can promote infection resolution, they can also contribute to the pathology of severe disease. Thus, the role of neutrophils in influenza viral infection is nuanced, and the threshold at which protective functions give way to immunopathology is not well understood. Moreover, notable differences between human and murine neutrophils underscore the need to exercise caution when applying murine findings to human physiology. This review aims to provide an overview of neutrophil characteristics, their classic effector functions, as well as more recently described antibody-mediated effector functions. Finally, we discuss the controversial role these cells play in the context of influenza virus infections and how our knowledge of this cell type can be leveraged in the design of universal influenza virus vaccines.
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Sumioka T, Iwanishi H, Okada Y, Miyajima M, Ichikawa K, Reinach PS, Matsumoto KI, Saika S. Impairment of corneal epithelial wound healing is association with increased neutrophil infiltration and reactive oxygen species activation in tenascin X-deficient mice. J Transl Med 2021; 101:690-700. [PMID: 33782532 PMCID: PMC8137452 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00576-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to uncover the role of tenascin X in modulation of healing in mouse corneas subjected to epithelium debridement. Healing in corneas with an epithelial defect was evaluated at the levels of gene and protein expression. Wound healing-related mediators and inflammatory cell infiltration were detected by histology, immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR. Tenascin X protein was upregulated in the wounded wild-type (WT) corneal epithelium. The lack of tenascin X impaired closure of an epithelial defect and accelerated infiltration of neutrophils into the wound periphery as compared to the response in WT tissue. Expression of wound healing-related proinflammatory and reparative components, i.e., interleukin-6, transforming growth factor β, matrix metalloproteinases, were unaffected by the loss of tenascin X expression. Marked accumulation of malondialdehyde (a lipid peroxidation-derived product) was observed in KO healing epithelia as compared with its WT counterpart. Neutropenia induced by systemic administration of a specific antibody rescued the impairment of epithelial healing in KO corneas, with reduction of malondialdehyde levels in the epithelial cells. Finally, we showed that a chemical scavenging reactive oxygen species reversed the impairment of attenuation of epithelial repair with a reduction of tissue levels of malondialdehyde. In conclusion, loss of tenascin X prolonged corneal epithelial wound healing and increased neutrophilic inflammatory response to debridement in mice. Tenascin X contributes to the control of neutrophil infiltration needed to support the regenerative response to injury and prevent the oxidative stress mediators from rising to cytotoxic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Sumioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Iwanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuka Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masayasu Miyajima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kana Ichikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Peter S Reinach
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ken-Ichi Matsumoto
- Department of Biosignaling and Radioisotope Experiment, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo, Enya-cho, Japan
| | - Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
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Juan CA, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Plou FJ, Pérez-Lebeña E. The Chemistry of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Revisited: Outlining Their Role in Biological Macromolecules (DNA, Lipids and Proteins) and Induced Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4642. [PMID: 33924958 PMCID: PMC8125527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 651] [Impact Index Per Article: 217.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Living species are continuously subjected to all extrinsic forms of reactive oxidants and others that are produced endogenously. There is extensive literature on the generation and effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological processes, both in terms of alteration and their role in cellular signaling and regulatory pathways. Cells produce ROS as a controlled physiological process, but increasing ROS becomes pathological and leads to oxidative stress and disease. The induction of oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of radical species and the antioxidant defense systems, which can cause damage to cellular biomolecules, including lipids, proteins and DNA. Cellular and biochemical experiments have been complemented in various ways to explain the biological chemistry of ROS oxidants. However, it is often unclear how this translates into chemical reactions involving redox changes. This review addresses this question and includes a robust mechanistic explanation of the chemical reactions of ROS and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Andrés Juan
- Cinquima Institute and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Valladolid University, Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra
- Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Plou
- Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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Mårtensson J, Sundqvist M, Manandhar A, Ieremias L, Zhang L, Ulven T, Xie X, Björkman L, Forsman H. The Two Formyl Peptide Receptors Differently Regulate GPR84-Mediated Neutrophil NADPH Oxidase Activity. J Innate Immun 2021; 13:242-256. [PMID: 33789297 DOI: 10.1159/000514887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils express the two formyl peptide receptors (FPR1 and FPR2) and the medium-chain fatty acid receptor GPR84. The FPRs are known to define a hierarchy among neutrophil G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), that is, the activated FPRs can either suppress or amplify GPCR responses. In this study, we investigated the position of GPR84 in the FPR-defined hierarchy regarding the activation of neutrophil nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, an enzyme system designed to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are important regulators in cell signaling and immune regulation. When resting neutrophils were activated by GPR84 agonists, a modest ROS release was induced. However, vast amounts of ROS were induced by these GPR84 agonists in FPR2-desensitized neutrophils, and the response was inhibited not only by a GPR84-specific antagonist but also by an FPR2-specific antagonist. This suggests that the amplified GPR84 agonist response is achieved through a reactivation of desensitized FPR2s. In addition, the GPR84-mediated FPR2 reactivation was independent of β-arrestin recruitment and sensitive to a protein phosphatase inhibitor. In contrast to FPR2-desensitized cells, FPR1 desensitization primarily resulted in a suppressed GPR84 agonist-induced ROS response, indicating a receptor hierarchical desensitization of GPR84 by FPR1-generated signals. In summary, our data show that the two FPRs in human neutrophils control the NADPH oxidase activity with concomitant ROS production by communicating with GPR84 through different mechanisms. While FPR1 desensitizes GPR84 and by that suppresses the release of ROS induced by GPR84 agonists, amplified ROS release is achieved by GPR84 agonists through reactivation of the desensitized FPR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Asmita Manandhar
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Loukas Ieremias
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linjie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xin Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lena Björkman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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40
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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) enhances hypochlorous acid production in phagocytic neutrophils. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101946. [PMID: 33823474 PMCID: PMC8047225 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important immuno-regulatory cytokine and is elevated in inflammatory conditions. Neutrophils are the first immune cells to migrate to sites of infection and inflammation, where they generate, among other mediators, the potent oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Here, we investigated the impact of MIF on HOCl production in neutrophils in response to phagocytic stimuli. METHODS Production of HOCl during phagocytosis of zymosan was determined using the specific fluorescent probe R19-S in combination with flow cytometry and live cell microscopy. The rate of phagocytosis was monitored using fluorescently-labeled zymosan. Alternatively, HOCl production was assessed during phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by measuring the oxidation of bacterial glutathione to the HOCl-specific product glutathione sulfonamide. Formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), an oxidant-dependent process, was quantified using a SYTOX Green plate assay. RESULTS Exposure of human neutrophils to MIF doubled the proportion of neutrophils producing HOCl during early stages of zymosan phagocytosis, and the concentration of HOCl produced was greater. During phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa, a greater fraction of bacterial glutathione was oxidized to glutathione sulfonamide in MIF-treated compared to control neutrophils. The ability of MIF to increase neutrophil HOCl production was independent of the rate of phagocytosis and could be blocked by the MIF inhibitor 4-IPP. Neutrophils pre-treated with MIF produced more NETs than control cells in response to PMA. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a role for MIF in potentiating HOCl production in neutrophils in response to phagocytic stimuli. We propose that this newly discovered activity of MIF contributes to its role in mediating the inflammatory response and enhances host defence.
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Parker HA, Dickerhof N, Forrester L, Ryburn H, Smyth L, Messens J, Aung HL, Cook GM, Kettle AJ, Hampton MB. Mycobacterium smegmatis Resists the Bactericidal Activity of Hypochlorous Acid Produced in Neutrophil Phagosomes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1901-1912. [PMID: 33753427 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are often the major leukocyte at sites of mycobacterial infection, yet little is known about their ability to kill mycobacteria. In this study we have investigated whether the potent antibacterial oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl) contributes to killing of Mycobacterium smegmatis when this bacterium is phagocytosed by human neutrophils. We found that M. smegmatis were ingested by neutrophils into intracellular phagosomes but were killed slowly. We measured a t 1/2 of 30 min for the survival of M. smegmatis inside neutrophils, which is 5 times longer than that reported for Staphylococcus aureus and 15 times longer than Escherichia coli Live-cell imaging indicated that neutrophils generated HOCl in phagosomes containing M. smegmatis; however, inhibition of HOCl production did not alter the rate of bacterial killing. Also, the doses of HOCl that are likely to be produced inside phagosomes failed to kill isolated bacteria. Lethal doses of reagent HOCl caused oxidation of mycothiol, the main low-m.w. thiol in this bacterium. In contrast, phagocytosed M. smegmatis maintained their original level of reduced mycothiol. Collectively, these findings suggest that M. smegmatis can cope with the HOCl that is produced inside neutrophil phagosomes. A mycothiol-deficient mutant was killed by neutrophils at the same rate as wild-type bacteria, indicating that mycothiol itself is not the main driver of M. smegmatis resistance. Understanding how M. smegmatis avoids killing by phagosomal HOCl could provide new opportunities to sensitize pathogenic mycobacteria to destruction by the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Parker
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;
| | - Nina Dickerhof
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Lorna Forrester
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Heath Ryburn
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Leon Smyth
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Joris Messens
- Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; and.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Htin L Aung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Gregory M Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J Kettle
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Mark B Hampton
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;
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42
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Huber N, Vetter S, Stalder G, Gerritsmann H, Giroud S. Dynamic Function and Composition Shift in Circulating Innate Immune Cells in Hibernating Garden Dormice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:620614. [PMID: 33746769 PMCID: PMC7970003 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.620614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibernation is characterized by successive torpor bouts during which metabolic rate is down-regulated to 2–4% of euthermic levels along with core body temperatures (Tb) ranging between 0 and 10°C. One characteristic of the torpid state, which is periodically interrupted by a few hours of euthermic phases or arousals during hibernation, resides in an overall impairment of the immune system. The most striking change during torpor is the reduction of circulating white blood cells up to 90%, while their numbers rise to near summer euthermic level upon rewarming. However, potential changes in responsiveness and function of neutrophil granulocytes, accounting for the primary cellular innate immune defense, are unknown. Here we present the first data on shifts in oxidative burst capacity, i.e., the ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), of neutrophils during hibernation. Using a chemiluminescence assay, we measured real-time ROS production in whole blood of hibernating garden dormice (Eliomys quercinus) in early or late torpor, and upon arousals. Accounting for changes in neutrophil numbers along the torpor-arousal cycle, we found significant differences, between torpid and euthermic states, in the neutrophil oxidative burst capacity (NOC), with shallow cell responses during torpor and a highly significant increase by up to 30-fold during arousals. Further, we observed a significant reduction of NOC from aroused animals with euthermic Tb of 36.95 ± 0.37°C, when tested at 6°C, whereas no change occurred in NOC from torpid individuals reaching constant Tb of 4.67 ± 0.42°C, when measured at 35°C. This dynamic indicates that the reduction in NOC during torpor may be temperature-compensated. These results linked to the understanding of immune function during the torpor-arousal cycle might have clinical relevance in the context of therapeutic hypothermia and reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Huber
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Vetter
- Institute of Animal Welfare Science, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabrielle Stalder
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanno Gerritsmann
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvain Giroud
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Bouti P, Webbers SDS, Fagerholm SC, Alon R, Moser M, Matlung HL, Kuijpers TW. β2 Integrin Signaling Cascade in Neutrophils: More Than a Single Function. Front Immunol 2021; 11:619925. [PMID: 33679708 PMCID: PMC7930317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.619925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most prevalent leukocytes in the human body. They have a pivotal role in the innate immune response against invading bacterial and fungal pathogens, while recent emerging evidence also demonstrates their role in cancer progression and anti-tumor responses. The efficient execution of many neutrophil effector responses requires the presence of β2 integrins, in particular CD11a/CD18 or CD11b/CD18 heterodimers. Although extensively studied at the molecular level, the exact signaling cascades downstream of β2 integrins still remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, we focus mainly on inside-out and outside-in signaling of these two β2 integrin members expressed on neutrophils and describe differences between various neutrophil stimuli with respect to integrin activation, integrin ligand binding, and the pertinent differences between mouse and human studies. Last, we discuss how integrin signaling studies could be used to explore the therapeutic potential of targeting β2 integrins and the intracellular signaling cascade in neutrophils in several, among other, inflammatory conditions in which neutrophil activity should be dampened to mitigate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Bouti
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steven D S Webbers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanna C Fagerholm
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Markus Moser
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanke L Matlung
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Sushentseva NN, Popov OS, Apalko SV, Anisenkova AY, Azarenko SV, Smantserev KV, Khobotnikov DN, Gladysheva TV, Minina EV, Strelyukhina SV, Urazov SP, Pavlovich D, Fridman SR, Shcherbak SG. COVID-19 biobank: features of the cytokine profile. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2020. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. Using a collection of samples from the biobank ofCityHospital № 40 ofSt. Petersburg, to study the cytokine profile in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and sepsis, in comparison with patients with abdominal inflammation and septicemia.Material and methods. The study included serum samples from 181 patients with sepsis and COVID-19 (127 patients with a diagnosis confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); 54 patients with a negative PCR test, but with a characteristic computed tomographic lung performance) and 47 patients with abdominal sepsis. The content of cytokines was determined using a multiplex immunofluorescence analysis based on the Luminex xMAP technology using the HCYTOMAG60K panel — a soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Other laboratory parameters (C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, procalcitonin) were taken from patient records. Normality of distribution was assessed by the Shapiro-Wilk test. To compare groups, the Mann-Whitney test for independent samples, Wilcoxon test for dependent samples, and the Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons were used.Results. In patients with sepsis and COVID-19 infection, no differences in the concentrations of cytokines, ferritin and CRP were found between the groups with detected and not detected virus by PCR test. Based on this, this group was considered homogeneous when studying the cytokine profile. It was shown that in patients with sepsis and COVID-19, significantly higher levels of sCD40L (p<0,0001) and VEGF (p=0,037) and relatively low levels of CRP (p<0,0001), IL-6 (p<0,0001), IL-8 (p<0,0001), TNFα (p<0,00058).Conclusion. These results indicate that sepsis in patients with COVID-19 courses with less elevation in inflammatory cytokine than in abdominal sepsis. At the same time, a critically high level of sCD40L indicates the significant endothelial damage.
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Gomez-Lopez N, Romero R, Varrey A, Leng Y, Miller D, Done B, Xu Y, Bhatti G, Motomura K, Gershater M, Pique-Regi R, Tarca AL. RNA Sequencing Reveals Diverse Functions of Amniotic Fluid Neutrophils and Monocytes/Macrophages in Intra-Amniotic Infection. J Innate Immun 2020; 13:63-82. [PMID: 33152737 DOI: 10.1159/000509718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-amniotic infection, the invasion of microbes into the amniotic cavity resulting in inflammation, is a clinical condition that can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes for the mother and fetus as well as severe long-term neonatal morbidities. Despite much research focused on the consequences of intra-amniotic infection, there remains little knowledge about the innate immune cells that respond to invading microbes. We performed RNA-seq of sorted amniotic fluid neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages from women with intra-amniotic infection to determine the transcriptomic differences between these innate immune cells. Further, we sought to identify specific transcriptomic pathways that were significantly altered by the maternal or fetal origin of amniotic fluid neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, the presence of a severe fetal inflammatory response, and pregnancy outcome (i.e., preterm or term delivery). We show that significant transcriptomic differences exist between amniotic fluid neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages from women with intra-amniotic infection, indicating the distinct roles these cells play. The transcriptome of amniotic fluid immune cells varies based on their maternal or fetal origin, and the significant transcriptomic differences between fetal and maternal monocytes/macrophages imply that those of fetal origin exhibit impaired functions. Notably, transcriptomic changes in amniotic fluid monocytes/macrophages suggest that these immune cells collaborate with neutrophils in the trafficking of fetal leukocytes throughout the umbilical cord (i.e., funisitis). Finally, amniotic fluid neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages from preterm deliveries display enhanced transcriptional activity compared to those from term deliveries, highlighting the protective role of these cells during this vulnerable period. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the underlying complexity of local innate immune responses in women with intra-amniotic infection and provide new insights into the functions of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages in the amniotic cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Michigan, USA, .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA, .,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA,
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Aneesha Varrey
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yaozhu Leng
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Derek Miller
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Bogdan Done
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Gaurav Bhatti
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kenichiro Motomura
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Meyer Gershater
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roger Pique-Regi
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Adi L Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Michigan, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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46
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Wu Y, Yang D, Liu R, Wang L, Chen GY. Selective Response to Bacterial Infection by Regulating Siglec-E Expression. iScience 2020; 23:101473. [PMID: 32889432 PMCID: PMC7479279 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between microbes and hosts can be a benign, deleterious, or even fatal, resulting in death of the host, the microbe, or both. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) suppress infection responses to sialylated pathogens. However, most pathogens are nonsialylated. Here we determined Siglecs respond to nonsialylated Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli 25922 and DH5α) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes). We found that Siglece-/- mice had higher mortality than wild-type mice following Gram-negative but not Gram-positive bacterial infection. Better survival in wild-type mice depended on more efficient clearance of Gram-negative than Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria upregulated Siglec-E, thus increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS); Tyr432 in the ITIM domain of Siglec-E was required to increase ROS. Moreover, Gram-negative bacteria upregulated Siglec-E via TLR4/MyD88/JNK/NF-κB/AP-1, whereas Gram-positive bacteria downregulated Siglec-E via TLR2/RANKL/TRAF6/Syk. Thus, our study describes a fundamentally new role for Siglec-E during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wu
- Children's Foundation Research Institute at Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Darong Yang
- Children's Foundation Research Institute at Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Runhua Liu
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lizhong Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Guo-Yun Chen
- Children's Foundation Research Institute at Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
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47
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Levin-Konigsberg R, Mantegazza AR. A guide to measuring phagosomal dynamics. FEBS J 2020; 288:1412-1433. [PMID: 32757358 PMCID: PMC7984381 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is an essential mechanism for immunity and homeostasis, performed by a subset of cells known as phagocytes. Upon target engulfment, de novo formation of specialized compartments termed phagosomes takes place. Phagosomes then undergo a series of fusion and fission events as they interact with the endolysosomal system and other organelles, in a dynamic process known as phagosome maturation. Because phagocytes play a key role in tissue patrolling and immune surveillance, phagosome maturation is associated with signaling pathways that link phagocytosis to antigen presentation and the development of adaptive immune responses. In addition, and depending on the nature of the cargo, phagosome integrity may be compromised, triggering additional cellular mechanisms including inflammation and autophagy. Upon completion of maturation, phagosomes enter a recently described phase: phagosome resolution, where catabolites from degraded cargo are metabolized, phagosomes are resorbed, and vesicles of phagosomal origin are recycled. Finally, phagocytes return to homeostasis and become ready for a new round of phagocytosis. Altogether, phagosome maturation and resolution encompass a series of dynamic events and organelle crosstalk that can be measured by biochemical, imaging, photoluminescence, cytometric, and immune‐based assays that will be described in this guide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana R Mantegazza
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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48
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Effect of Quercetin on Dexamethasone-Induced C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cell Injury. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143267. [PMID: 32709024 PMCID: PMC7397304 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are widely used anti-inflammatory drugs in clinical settings. However, they can induce skeletal muscle atrophy by reducing fiber cross-sectional area and myofibrillar protein content. Studies have proven that antioxidants can improve glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Quercetin is a potent antioxidant flavonoid widely distributed in fruits and vegetables and has shown protective effects against dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. In this study, we demonstrated that dexamethasone significantly inhibited cell growth and induced cell apoptosis by stimulating hydroxyl free radical production in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Our results evidenced that quercetin increased C2C12 skeletal cell viability and exerted antiapoptotic effects on dexamethasone-treated C2C12 cells by regulating mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and reducing oxidative species. Quercetin can protect against dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy by regulating the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio at the protein level and abnormal ΔΨm, which leads to the suppression of apoptosis.
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49
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De Biasi S, Meschiari M, Gibellini L, Bellinazzi C, Borella R, Fidanza L, Gozzi L, Iannone A, Lo Tartaro D, Mattioli M, Paolini A, Menozzi M, Milić J, Franceschi G, Fantini R, Tonelli R, Sita M, Sarti M, Trenti T, Brugioni L, Cicchetti L, Facchinetti F, Pietrangelo A, Clini E, Girardis M, Guaraldi G, Mussini C, Cossarizza A. Marked T cell activation, senescence, exhaustion and skewing towards TH17 in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3434. [PMID: 32632085 PMCID: PMC7338513 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 559] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 is severely impaired. Detailed investigation of T cells and cytokine production in patients affected by COVID-19 pneumonia are urgently required. Here we show that, compared with healthy controls, COVID-19 patients' T cell compartment displays several alterations involving naïve, central memory, effector memory and terminally differentiated cells, as well as regulatory T cells and PD1+CD57+ exhausted T cells. Significant alterations exist also in several lineage-specifying transcription factors and chemokine receptors. Terminally differentiated T cells from patients proliferate less than those from healthy controls, whereas their mitochondria functionality is similar in CD4+ T cells from both groups. Patients display significant increases of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines, including T helper type-1 and type-2 cytokines, chemokines and galectins; their lymphocytes produce more tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-17, with the last observation implying that blocking IL-17 could provide a novel therapeutic strategy for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara De Biasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Marianna Meschiari
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Caterina Bellinazzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Rebecca Borella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucia Fidanza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Licia Gozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Iannone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Domenico Lo Tartaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Mattioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Annamaria Paolini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Marianna Menozzi
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Jovana Milić
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Giacomo Franceschi
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Fantini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Tonelli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Sita
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Mario Sarti
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, AOU Policlinico, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, AOU Policlinico, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucio Brugioni
- Emergency Department, MIAC, AOU Policlinico, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Facchinetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonello Pietrangelo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Clini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Girardis
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guaraldi
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Cristina Mussini
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, AOU Policlinico and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy.
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research, via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency of phagocyte function due to defective NADPH oxidase (phox). Compared with the common types of CYBB/gp91phox, NCF1/p47phox, and CYBA/p22phox deficiency, NCF4/p40phox deficiency is a mild and atypical form of CGD without invasive bacterial or fungal infections. It can be diagnosed using serum-opsonized E.coli as a stimulus in dihydrorhodamine (DHR) assay. Patients with CYBC1/Eros deficiency, a new and rare form of CGD, present as loss of respiratory burst and gp91phox expression in phagocytes. Neutrophils from patients with CGD are deficient in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETosis), autophagy, and apoptosis. The hyper-activation of NF-ĸB and inflammasome in CGD phagocytes also lead to long-lasting production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory manifestations, such as granuloma formation and inflammatory bowel disease-like colitis. Patients with CGD and X-linked female carriers also have a higher incidence of autoimmune diseases. The implementation of antimicrobial, anti-fungal, and interferon-γ prophylaxis has greatly improved overall survival. Residual NADPH oxidase activity is significantly associated with disease severity and the chance of survival of the patient. New therapeutic approaches using immunomodulators for CGD-related inflammatory manifestations are under investigation, including pioglitazone, tamoxifen, and rapamycin. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the curative treatment. Outcomes of HSCT have improved substantially over the last decade with overall survival more than 84-90%, but there are debates about designing optimal conditioning protocols using myeloablative or reduced-intensity regimens. The gene therapy for X-linked CGD using hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells transduced ex vivo by lentiviral vector encoding the human gp91phox gene demonstrated persistence of adequate oxidase-positive neutrophils in a small number of patients. Gene therapy using genome-editing technology such as CRISPR/Cas9 nucleases is a promising approach for patients with CGD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hui Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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