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Rutt LN, Liu M, Melamed E, Twardy S, Sturgill JL, Brenner LA, Hardesty J, Weinman SA, Tschann MM, Travers J, Welsh DA, Chichetto N, Crotty KM, Mackowiak B, Yeligar SM, Wyatt TA, McMahan RH, Choudry MA, Kovacs EJ, McCullough RL. Emerging concepts in alcohol, infection & immunity: A summary of the 2023 alcohol and immunology research interest group (AIRIG) meeting. Alcohol 2024; 118:9-16. [PMID: 38582261 PMCID: PMC11179971 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
On December 8th 2023, the annual Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting was held at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus in Aurora, Colorado. The 2023 meeting focused broadly on how acute and chronic alcohol exposure leads to immune dysregulation, and how this contributes to damage in multiple tissues and organs. These include impaired lung immunity, intestinal dysfunction, autoimmunity, the gut-Central Nervous System (CNS) axis, and end-organ damage. In addition, diverse areas of alcohol research covered multiple pathways behind alcohol-induced cellular dysfunction, including inflammasome activation, changes in miRNA expression, mitochondrial metabolism, gene regulation, and transcriptomics. Finally, the work presented at this meeting highlighted novel biomarkers and therapeutic interventions for patients suffering from alcohol-induced organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Rutt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mengfei Liu
- Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Esther Melamed
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Shannon Twardy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jamie L Sturgill
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, USA; Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry, and Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Josiah Hardesty
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Steven A Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Madison M Tschann
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, USA; Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jared Travers
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David A Welsh
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Natalie Chichetto
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kathryn M Crotty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Bryan Mackowiak
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samantha M Yeligar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Pulmonary Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rachel H McMahan
- Division of GI Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mashkoor A Choudry
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, USA; Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Division of GI Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, USA; Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca L McCullough
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Crotty KM, Kabir SA, Chang SS, Mehta AJ, Yeligar SM. Pioglitazone reverses alcohol-induced alterations in alveolar macrophage mitochondrial phenotype. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:810-826. [PMID: 38499395 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with alcohol use disorder (AUD) have an increased risk of developing pneumonia and pulmonary diseases. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are immune cells of the lower respiratory tract that are necessary for clearance of pathogens. However, alcohol causes AM oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and dysfunction, and diminished phagocytic capacity, leading to lung injury and immune suppression. METHODS AMs were isolated by bronchoalveolar lavage from people with AUD and male and female C57BL/6J mice given chronic ethanol (20% w/v, 12 weeks) in drinking water. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ligand, pioglitazone, was used to treat human AMs ex vivo (10 μM, 24 h) and mice in vivo by oral gavage (10 mg/kg/day). Levels of AM mitochondrial superoxide and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) mRNA, a marker of oxidative stress, were measured by fluorescence microscopy and RT-qPCR, respectively. Mouse AM phagocytic ability was determined by internalized Staphylococcus aureus, and mitochondrial capacity, dependency, and flexibility for glucose, long-chain fatty acid, and glutamine oxidation were measured using an extracellular flux analyzer. In vitro studies used a murine AM cell line, MH-S (±0.08% ethanol, 72 h) to investigate mitochondrial fuel oxidation and ATP-linked respiration. RESULTS Pioglitazone treatment decreased mitochondrial superoxide in AMs from people with AUD and ethanol-fed mice and HIF-1α mRNA in ethanol-fed mouse lungs. Pioglitazone also reversed mouse AM glutamine oxidation and glucose or long-chain fatty acid flexibility to meet basal oxidation needs. In vitro, ethanol decreased the rate of AM mitochondrial and total ATP production, and pioglitazone improved changes in glucose and glutamine oxidation. CONCLUSIONS Pioglitazone reversed chronic alcohol-induced oxidative stress in human AM and mitochondrial substrate oxidation flexibility and superoxide levels in mouse AM. Decreased ethanol-induced AM HIF-1α mRNA with pioglitazone suggests that this pathway may be a focus for metabolic-targeted therapeutics to improve morbidity and mortality in people with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Crotty
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Shayaan A Kabir
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah S Chang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Ashish J Mehta
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Samantha M Yeligar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
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3
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Easley KF, Edenfield RC, Lott MEJ, Reed RC, Das Sarma J, Mehta AJ, Staitieh BS, Lipp EK, Cho IK, Johnson SK, Jones CA, Bebin-Blackwell AG, Levy JM, Tompkins SM, Easley CA, Koval M. Chronic alcohol use primes bronchial cells for altered inflammatory response and barrier dysfunction during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L647-L661. [PMID: 37786945 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00381.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a significant public health concern and people with AUD are more likely to develop severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in response to respiratory infections. To examine whether AUD was a risk factor for more severe outcome in response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, we examined early responses to infection using cultured differentiated bronchial epithelial cells derived from brushings obtained from people with AUD or without AUD. RNA-seq analysis of uninfected cells determined that AUD cells were enriched for expression of epidermal genes as compared with non-AUD cells. Bronchial epithelial cells from patients with AUD showed a significant decrease in barrier function 72 h postinfection, as determined by transepithelial electrical resistance. In contrast, barrier function of non-AUD cells was enhanced 72 h after SARS-CoV-2 infection. AUD cells showed claudin-7 that did not colocalize with zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), indicative of disorganized tight junctions. However, both AUD and non-AUD cells showed decreased β-catenin expression following SARS-CoV-2 infection. To determine the impact of AUD on the inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, cytokine secretion was measured by multiplex analysis. SARS-CoV-2-infected AUD bronchial cells had enhanced secretion of multiple proinflammatory cytokines including TNFα, IL-1β, and IFNγ as opposed to non-AUD cells. In contrast, secretion of the barrier-protective cytokines epidermal growth factor (EGF) and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was enhanced for non-AUD bronchial cells. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that AUD is a risk factor for COVID-19, where alcohol primes airway epithelial cells for increased inflammation and increased barrier dysfunction and increased inflammation in response to infection by SARS-CoV-2.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a significant risk factor for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. We found that AUD causes a phenotypic shift in gene expression in human bronchial epithelial cells, enhancing expression of epidermal genes. AUD cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had higher levels of proinflammatory cytokine secretion and barrier dysfunction not present in infected non-AUD cells, consistent with increased early COVID-19 severity due to AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen F Easley
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - R Clayton Edenfield
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - Megan E J Lott
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - Ryan C Reed
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jayasri Das Sarma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ashish J Mehta
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, United States
| | - Bashar S Staitieh
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Erin K Lipp
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - In Ki Cho
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - Scott K Johnson
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - Cheryl A Jones
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | | | - Joshua M Levy
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - S Mark Tompkins
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - Charles A Easley
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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4
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Shlykova O, Izmailova O, Kabaliei A, Palchyk V, Shynkevych V, Kaidashev I. PPARG stimulation restored lung mRNA expression of core clock, inflammation- and metabolism-related genes disrupted by reversed feeding in male mice. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15823. [PMID: 37704580 PMCID: PMC10499569 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm system regulates lung function as well as local and systemic inflammations. The alteration of this rhythm might be induced by a change in the eating rhythm. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) is a key molecule involved in circadian rhythm regulation, lung functions, and metabolic processes. We described the effect of the PPARG agonist pioglitazone (PZ) on the diurnal mRNA expression profile of core circadian clock genes (Arntl, Clock, Nr1d1, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, and Per2) and metabolism- and inflammation-related genes (Nfe2l2, Pparg, Rela, and Cxcl5) in the male murine lung disrupted by reversed feeding (RF). In mice, RF disrupted the diurnal expression pattern of core clock genes. It decreased Nfe2l2 and Pparg and increased Rela and Cxcl5 expression in lung tissue. There were elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, total cells, macrophages, and lymphocyte counts in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with a significant increase in vascular congestion and cellular infiltrates in male mouse lung tissue. Administration of PZ regained the diurnal clock gene expression, increased Nfe2l2 and Pparg expression, and reduced Rela, Cxcl5 expression and IL-6, TNF-alpha, and cellularity in BAL. PZ administration at 7 p.m. was more efficient than at 7 a.m.
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McMahan RH, Anton P, Coleman LG, Cresci GAM, Crews FT, Crotty KM, Luck ME, Molina PE, Vachharajani V, Weinberg J, Yeligar SM, Choudhry MA, McCullough RL, Kovacs EJ. Alcohol and Immunology: Mechanisms of multi-organ damage. Summary of the 2022 alcohol and Immunology research interest group (AIRIG) meeting. Alcohol 2023; 110:57-63. [PMID: 37061143 PMCID: PMC10330898 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
On October 26th, 2022 the annual Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting was held as a satellite symposium at the annual meeting of the Society for Leukocyte Biology in Hawaii. The 2022 meeting focused broadly on the immunological consequences of acute, chronic, and prenatal alcohol exposure and how these contribute to damage in multiple organs and tissues. These included alcohol-induced neuroinflammation, impaired lung immunity, intestinal dysfunction, and decreased anti-microbial and anti-viral responses. In addition, research presented covered multiple pathways behind alcohol-induced cellular dysfunction, including mitochondrial metabolism, cellular bioenergetics, gene regulation, and epigenetics. Finally, the work presented highlighted potential biomarkers and novel avenues of treatment for alcohol-induced organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H McMahan
- Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
| | - Paige Anton
- Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Leon G Coleman
- Department of Pharmacology, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Gail A M Cresci
- Departments of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital and Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Fulton T Crews
- Department of Pharmacology, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kathryn M Crotty
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Marisa E Luck
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Integrative Cell Biology Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Department of Physiology and Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Joanne Weinberg
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Samantha M Yeligar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Mashkoor A Choudhry
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Integrative Cell Biology Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Rebecca L McCullough
- Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
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Yeligar SM, Harris FL, Brown LAS, Hart CM. Pharmacological reversal of post-transcriptional alterations implicated in alcohol-induced alveolar macrophage dysfunction. Alcohol 2023; 106:30-43. [PMID: 36328183 PMCID: PMC10080543 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders (AUD) cause alveolar macrophage (AM) immune dysfunction and increase risk of lung infections. Excessive alcohol use causes AM oxidative stress, which impairs AM phagocytosis and pathogen clearance from the alveolar space. Alcohol induces expression of NADPH oxidases (Noxes), primary sources of oxidative stress in AM. In contrast, alcohol decreases AM peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a critical regulator of AM immune function. To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms for these effects of alcohol, we hypothesized that ethanol promotes CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ)-mediated suppression of Nox-related microRNAs (miRs), in turn enhancing AM Nox expression, oxidative stress, and phagocytic dysfunction. We also hypothesized that PPARγ activation with pioglitazone (PIO) would reverse alcohol-induced C/EBPβ expression and attenuate AM oxidative stress and phagocytic dysfunction. Cells from the mouse AM cell line (MH-S) were exposed to ethanol in vitro or primary AM were isolated from mice fed ethanol in vivo. Ethanol enhanced C/EBPβ expression, decreased Nox 1-related miR-1264 and Nox 2-related miR-107 levels, and increased Nox1, Nox2, and Nox 4 expression in MH-S cells in vitro and mouse AM in vivo. These alcohol-induced AM derangements were abrogated by loss of C/EBPβ, overexpression of miRs-1264 or -107, or PIO treatment. These findings identify C/EBPβ and Nox-related miRs as novel therapeutic targets for PPARγ ligands, which could provide a translatable strategy to mitigate susceptibility to lung infections in people with a history of AUD. These studies further clarify the molecular underpinnings for a previous clinical trial using short-term PIO treatment to improve AM immunity in AUD individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Yeligar
- Emory University, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, United States.
| | - Frank L Harris
- Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Emory + Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Center for Developmental Lung Biology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Lou Ann S Brown
- Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Emory + Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Center for Developmental Lung Biology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - C Michael Hart
- Emory University, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, United States
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7
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Crotty K, Anton P, Coleman LG, Morris NL, Lewis SA, Samuelson DR, McMahan RH, Hartmann P, Kim A, Ratna A, Mandrekar P, Wyatt TA, Choudhry MA, Kovacs EJ, McCullough R, Yeligar SM. A critical review of recent knowledge of alcohol's effects on the immunological response in different tissues. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:36-44. [PMID: 36446606 PMCID: PMC9974783 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol misuse contributes to the dysregulation of immune responses and multiorgan dysfunction across various tissues, which are associated with higher risk of morbidity and mortality in people with alcohol use disorders. Organ-specific immune cells, including microglia in the brain, alveolar macrophages in the lungs, and Kupffer cells in the liver, play vital functions in host immune defense through tissue repair and maintenance of homeostasis. However, binge drinking and chronic alcohol misuse impair these immune cells' abilities to regulate inflammatory signaling and metabolism, thus contributing to multiorgan dysfunction. Further complicating these delicate systems, immune cell dysfunction associated with alcohol misuse is exacerbated by aging and gut barrier leakage. This critical review describes recent advances in elucidating the potential mechanisms by which alcohol misuse leads to derangements in host immunity and highlights current gaps in knowledge that may be the focus of future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Crotty
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Paige Anton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Leon G Coleman
- Department of Pharmacology, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Niya L Morris
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Sloan A Lewis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Derrick R Samuelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rachel H McMahan
- Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Phillipp Hartmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Adam Kim
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anuradha Ratna
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pranoti Mandrekar
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Mashkoor A Choudhry
- Alcohol Research Program, Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rebecca McCullough
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Samantha M Yeligar
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
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8
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Crotty KM, Yeligar SM. Hyaladherins May be Implicated in Alcohol-Induced Susceptibility to Bacterial Pneumonia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865522. [PMID: 35634317 PMCID: PMC9133445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the epidemiology of bacterial pneumonia and excessive alcohol use is well established, the mechanisms by which alcohol induces risk of pneumonia are less clear. Patterns of alcohol misuse, termed alcohol use disorders (AUD), affect about 15 million people in the United States. Compared to otherwise healthy individuals, AUD increase the risk of respiratory infections and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by 2-4-fold. Levels and fragmentation of hyaluronic acid (HA), an extracellular glycosaminoglycan of variable molecular weight, are increased in chronic respiratory diseases, including ARDS. HA is largely involved in immune-assisted wound repair and cell migration. Levels of fragmented, low molecular weight HA are increased during inflammation and decrease concomitant with leukocyte levels following injury. In chronic respiratory diseases, levels of fragmented HA and leukocytes remain elevated, inflammation persists, and respiratory infections are not cleared efficiently, suggesting a possible pathological mechanism for prolonged bacterial pneumonia. However, the role of HA in alcohol-induced immune dysfunction is largely unknown. This mini literature review provides insights into understanding the role of HA signaling in host immune defense following excessive alcohol use. Potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate alcohol-induced immune suppression in bacterial pneumonia and HA dysregulation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Crotty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Samantha M Yeligar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
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Morris NL, Michael DN, Crotty KM, Chang SS, Yeligar SM. Alcohol-Induced Glycolytic Shift in Alveolar Macrophages Is Mediated by Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865492. [PMID: 35634337 PMCID: PMC9130492 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol use increases the risk of developing respiratory infections partially due to impaired alveolar macrophage (AM) phagocytic capacity. Previously, we showed that chronic ethanol (EtOH) exposure led to mitochondrial derangements and diminished oxidative phosphorylation in AM. Since oxidative phosphorylation is needed to meet the energy demands of phagocytosis, EtOH mediated decreases in oxidative phosphorylation likely contribute to impaired AM phagocytosis. Treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ligand, pioglitazone (PIO), improved EtOH-mediated decreases in oxidative phosphorylation. In other models, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) has been shown to mediate the switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis; however, the role of HIF-1α in chronic EtOH mediated derangements in AM has not been explored. We hypothesize that AM undergo a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to a glycolytic phenotype in response to chronic EtOH exposure. Further, we speculate that HIF-1α is a critical mediator of this metabolic switch. To test these hypotheses, primary mouse AM (mAM) were isolated from a mouse model of chronic EtOH consumption and a mouse AM cell line (MH-S) were exposed to EtOH in vitro. Expression of HIF-1α, glucose transporters (Glut1 and 4), and components of the glycolytic pathway (Pfkfb3 and PKM2), were measured by qRT-PCR and western blot. Lactate levels (lactate assay), cell energy phenotype (extracellular flux analyzer), glycolysis stress tests (extracellular flux analyzer), and phagocytic function (fluorescent microscopy) were conducted. EtOH exposure increased expression of HIF-1α, Glut1, Glut4, Pfkfb3, and PKM2 and shifted AM to a glycolytic phenotype. Pharmacological stabilization of HIF-1α via cobalt chloride treatment in vitro mimicked EtOH-induced AM derangements (increased glycolysis and diminished phagocytic capacity). Further, PIO treatment diminished HIF-1α levels and reversed glycolytic shift following EtOH exposure. These studies support a critical role for HIF-1α in mediating the glycolytic shift in energy metabolism of AM during excessive alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niya L Morris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - David N Michael
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Kathryn M Crotty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Sarah S Chang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Samantha M Yeligar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
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Kharechkina ES, Nikiforova AB, Belosludtsev KN, Rokitskaya TI, Antonenko YN, Kruglov AG. Pioglitazone Is a Mild Carrier-Dependent Uncoupler of Oxidative Phosphorylation and a Modulator of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101045. [PMID: 34681269 PMCID: PMC8537895 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pioglitazone (PIO) is an insulin-sensitizing antidiabetic drug, which normalizes glucose and lipid metabolism but may provoke heart and liver failure and chronic kidney diseases. Both therapeutic and adverse effects of PIO can be accomplished through mitochondrial targets. Here, we explored the capability of PIO to modulate the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and the permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening in different models in vitro. ΔΨm was measured using tetraphenylphosphonium and the fluorescent dye rhodamine 123. The coupling of oxidative phosphorylation was estimated polarographically. The transport of ions and solutes across membranes was registered by potentiometric and spectral techniques. We found that PIO decreased ΔΨm in isolated mitochondria and intact thymocytes and the efficiency of ADP phosphorylation, particularly after the addition of Ca2+. The presence of the cytosolic fraction mitigated mitochondrial depolarization but made it sustained. Carboxyatractyloside diminished the PIO-dependent depolarization. PIO activated proton transport in deenergized mitochondria but not in artificial phospholipid vesicles. PIO had no effect on K+ and Ca2+ inward transport but drastically decreased the mitochondrial Ca2+-retention capacity and protective effects of adenine nucleotides against mPTP opening. Thus, PIO is a mild, partly ATP/ADP-translocase-dependent, uncoupler and a modulator of ATP production and mPTP sensitivity to Ca2+ and adenine nucleotides. These properties contribute to both therapeutic and adverse effects of PIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S. Kharechkina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (E.S.K.); (A.B.N.); (K.N.B.)
| | - Anna B. Nikiforova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (E.S.K.); (A.B.N.); (K.N.B.)
| | - Konstantin N. Belosludtsev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (E.S.K.); (A.B.N.); (K.N.B.)
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Russia
| | - Tatyana I. Rokitskaya
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.I.R.); (Y.N.A.)
| | - Yuri N. Antonenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.I.R.); (Y.N.A.)
| | - Alexey G. Kruglov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (E.S.K.); (A.B.N.); (K.N.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-4967-739107
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Brown OI, Bridge KI, Kearney MT. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidases in Glucose Homeostasis and Diabetes-Related Endothelial Cell Dysfunction. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092315. [PMID: 34571964 PMCID: PMC8469180 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress within the vascular endothelium, due to excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is thought to be fundamental to the initiation and progression of the cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The term ROS encompasses a variety of chemical species including superoxide anion (O2•-), hydroxyl radical (OH-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). While constitutive generation of low concentrations of ROS are indispensable for normal cellular function, excess O2•- can result in irreversible tissue damage. Excess ROS generation is catalysed by xanthine oxidase, uncoupled nitric oxide synthases, the mitochondrial electron transport chain and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases. Amongst enzymatic sources of O2•- the Nox2 isoform of NADPH oxidase is thought to be critical to the oxidative stress found in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In contrast, the transcriptionally regulated Nox4 isoform, which generates H2O2, may fulfil a protective role and contribute to normal glucose homeostasis. This review describes the key roles of Nox2 and Nox4, as well as Nox1 and Nox5, in glucose homeostasis, endothelial function and oxidative stress, with a key focus on how they are regulated in health, and dysregulated in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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