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Falck D, Wuhrer M. GlYcoLISA: antigen-specific and subclass-specific IgG Fc glycosylation analysis based on an immunosorbent assay with an LC-MS readout. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:1887-1909. [PMID: 38383719 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) fragment crystallizable (Fc) glycosylation modulates effector functions such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Consequently, assessing IgG Fc glycosylation is important for understanding the role of antibodies in infectious, alloimmune and autoimmune diseases. GlYcoLISA determines the Fc glycosylation of antigen-specific IgG by an immunosorbent assay with a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) readout. Detection of antigen-specific IgG glycosylation in a subclass- and site-specific manner is realized by LC-MS-based glycopeptide analysis after proteolytic cleavage. GlYcoLISA addresses challenges related to the low abundance of specific IgG and the high background of total IgG by using well-established immunosorbent assays for purifying antibodies of the desired specificity using immobilized antigen. Alternative methods with sufficient glycan resolution lack these important specificities. GlYcoLISA is performed in a 96-well plate format, and the analysis of 160 samples takes ~5 d, with 1 d for sample preparation, 2 d of LC-MS measurement and 2 d for partially automated data processing. GlYcoLISA requires expertise in LC-MS operation and data processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Falck
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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2
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Oosterhoff JJ, Linty F, Visser R, de Vos T, Hofstede-van Egmond S, van de Weerd M, Porcelijn L, de Haas M, van der Schoot E, Vidarsson G. Generation of human antibodies targeting human platelet antigen (HPA)-1a. Transfusion 2024; 64:893-905. [PMID: 38400657 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a condition during pregnancy, which can lead to thrombocytopenia and a bleeding tendency with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) being the most concerning complication in the fetus or neonate. An incompatibility between human platelet antigen (HPA)-1a accounts for the majority of FNAIT cases. Binding of HPA-1a-specific alloantibodies to their target on fetal platelets and endothelial cells can induce apoptosis of megakaryocytes, disrupt platelet function, and impair angiogenesis. Currently, there is no screening program to identify pregnancies at risk for severe disease. A better understanding of HPA-1a-specific antibody heterogeneity in FNAIT could aid in identifying pathogenic antibody properties linked to severe disease. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This study aimed to isolate HPA-1a-specific B-cells from an HPA-1a-alloimmunized pregnant woman. Using fluorescently labeled HPA-1a-positive platelets, single B-cells were sorted and cultured for 10 days to stimulate antibody production. Subsequently, supernatants were tested for the presence of antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and their reactivity towards HPA-1a-positive platelets. Amplification and sequencing of variable regions allowed the generation of monoclonal antibodies using a HEK-Freestyle-based expression system. RESULTS Three platelet-specific B-cells were obtained and cloned of which two were specific for HPA-1a, named D- and M-204, while the third was specific for HLA class I, which was named L-204. DISCUSSION This study outlined an effective method for the isolation of HPA-1a-specific B-cells and the generation of monoclonal antibodies. Further characterization of these antibodies holds promise for better understanding the pathogenic nature of alloantibodies in FNAIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janita J Oosterhoff
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Federica Linty
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Visser
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs de Vos
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Miranda van de Weerd
- Department of Immunogenetics, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert Porcelijn
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Haematology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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3
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Streng BMM, Van Coillie J, Wildenbeest JG, Binnendijk RS, Smits G, den Hartog G, Wang W, Nouta J, Linty F, Visser R, Wuhrer M, Vidarsson G, Bont LJ. IgG1 glycosylation highlights premature aging in Down syndrome. Aging Cell 2024:e14167. [PMID: 38616780 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by lowered immune competence and premature aging. We previously showed decreased antibody response following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in adults with DS. IgG1 Fc glycosylation patterns are known to affect the effector function of IgG and are associated with aging. Here, we compare total and anti-spike (S) IgG1 glycosylation patterns following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in DS and healthy controls (HC). Total and anti-Spike IgG1 Fc N-glycan glycoprofiles were measured in non-exposed adults with DS and controls before and after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) of Fc glycopeptides. We recruited N = 44 patients and N = 40 controls. We confirmed IgG glycosylation patterns associated with aging in HC and showed premature aging in DS. In DS, we found decreased galactosylation (50.2% vs. 59.0%) and sialylation (6.7% vs. 8.5%) as well as increased fucosylation (97.0% vs. 94.6%) of total IgG. Both cohorts showed similar bisecting GlcNAc of total and anti-S IgG1 with age. In contrast, anti-S IgG1 of DS and HC showed highly comparable glycosylation profiles 28 days post vaccination. The IgG1 glycoprofile in DS exhibits strong premature aging. The combination of an early decrease in IgG1 Fc galactosylation and sialylation and increase in fucosylation is predicted to reduce complement activity and decrease FcγRIII binding and subsequent activation, respectively. The altered glycosylation patterns, combined with decreased antibody concentrations, help us understand the susceptibility to severe infections in DS. The effect of premature aging highlights the need for individuals with DS to receive tailored vaccines and/or vaccination schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca M M Streng
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Van Coillie
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne G Wildenbeest
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob S Binnendijk
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gaby Smits
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gerco den Hartog
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Federica Linty
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Visser
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis J Bont
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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4
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Gao S, Jiao X, Guo R, Song X, Li B, Guo L. Reduced serum IgG galactosylation is associated with increased inflammation during relapses of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357475. [PMID: 38576616 PMCID: PMC10991735 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Post-translational modifications of antibodies, with a specific focus on galactosylation, have garnered increasing attention in the context of understanding the pathogenesis and therapeutic implications of autoimmune diseases. However, the comprehensive scope and the clinical significance of antibody galactosylation in the context of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) remain enigmatic.The primary aim of this research was to discern disparities in serum IgG galactosylation levels between individuals in the acute stage of NMOSD relapse and their age- and sex-matched healthy counterparts. Methods A total of fourteen untreated NMOSD patients experiencing an acute relapse phase, along with thirteen patients under medication, were enrolled, and an additional twelve healthy controls of the same age and gender were recruited for this investigation. Western blot and lectin enzyme techniques were used to determine the level of IgG galactosylation in the serum samples from these subjects. The expression of CD45+, CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD19+, and CD16+CD56+ in peripheral blood leukocytes was measured by flow cytometry. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was also used to quantify the amounts of IgG. Magnetic particle luminescence assays are used to detect cytokines. Robust statistical analysis was executed to ascertain the potential associations between IgG galactosylation and the aforementioned immune indices. Results In the context of NMOSD relapses, serum IgG galactosylation exhibited a notable decrease in untreated patients (0.2482 ± 0.0261), while it remained comparatively stable in medicated patients when contrasted with healthy controls (0.3625 ± 0.0259) (p=0.0159). Furthermore, a noteworthy inverse correlation between serum IgG galactosylation levels and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score during NMOSD relapse was observed (r=-0.4142; p=0.0317). Notably, IgG galactosylation displayed an inverse correlation with NMOSD relapse among peripheral blood CD45+, CD3+, CD3+CD8+, CD19+ cells, as well as with IL-6 and IL-8. Nevertheless, it was not determined whether IgG galactosylation and CD3+CD4+ T cells or other cytokines are statistically significantly correlated. Conclusion Our research identified reduced IgG galactosylation in the serum of NMOSD patients during relapses, significantly correlated with disease severity, thereby providing a novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of NMOSD in the realm of medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Jiao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruoyi Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiujuan Song
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology (Hebei Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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5
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de Graaf EL, Larsen MD, van der Bolt N, Visser R, Verhagen OJHM, Hipgrave Ederveen AL, Koeleman CAM, van der Schoot CE, Wuhrer M, Vidarsson G. Assessment of IgG-Fc glycosylation from individual RhD-specific B cell clones reveals regulation at clonal rather than clonotypic level. Immunology 2024; 171:428-439. [PMID: 38097893 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The type and strength of effector functions mediated by immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies rely on the subclass and the composition of the N297 glycan. Glycosylation analysis of both bulk and antigen-specific human IgG has revealed a marked diversity of the glycosylation signatures, including highly dynamic patterns as well as long-term stability of profiles, yet information on how individual B cell clones would contribute to this diversity has hitherto been lacking. Here, we assessed whether clonally related B cells share N297 glycosylation patterns of their secreted IgG. We differentiated single antigen-specific peripheral IgG+ memory B cells into antibody-secreting cells and analysed Fc glycosylation of secreted IgG. Furthermore, we sequenced the variable region of their heavy chain, which allowed the grouping of the clones into clonotypes. We found highly diverse glycosylation patterns of culture-derived IgG, which, to some degree, mimicked the glycosylation of plasma IgG. Each B cell clone secreted IgG with a mixture of different Fc glycosylation patterns. The majority of clones produced fully fucosylated IgG. B cells producing afucosylated IgG were scattered across different clonotypes. In contrast, the remaining glycosylation traits were, in general, more uniform. These results indicate IgG-Fc fucosylation to be regulated at the single-clone level, whereas the regulation of other glycosylation traits most likely occurs at a clonotypic or systemic level. The discrepancies between plasma IgG and culture-derived IgG, could be caused by the origin of the B cells analysed, clonal dominance or factors from the culture system, which need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik L de Graaf
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mads Delbo Larsen
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nieke van der Bolt
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Visser
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Onno J H M Verhagen
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carolien A M Koeleman
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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6
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Li M, Zhao X, Wu G, Wang W, Du J, Xu G, Duan M, Fu Z, Yu C, Wang L. Using capillary electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS) and liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify glycosylated heavy chain heterogeneity in the anti-VEGFR-2 monoclonal antibody. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 38361212 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The size variant, which can be measured by capillary electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS), is a critical quality attribute of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The CE-SDS size heterogeneity can hardly be identified by tandem mass spectrometry, which is an intractable obstacle of mAb development and quality control across the industry. We analyzed the purity of an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) mAb, an antagonist of the human VEGFR-2, through reduced CE-SDS and observed glycosylated heavy chain heterogeneity. The heterogeneity has potential impact on safety, efficacy, and stability of drugs for clinical use. Therefore, it should be characterized so as to evaluate its potential risk. In order to identify the heterogeneity, we used mass spectrometry to confirm that the molecular size heterogeneity was not due to peptide bond cleavage in the heavy chain. Subsequently, we employed mass-spectrometry-glycosylation profiling and CE-SDS analysis of various glycosidase-treated samples, in addition to the preparation of mAb references with different glycoforms. Ultimately, we demonstrated that the heavy chain heterogeneity was induced by different levels of galactosylation modifications which will potentially impact the efficacy of antibody drugs (i.e., complement-dependent cytotoxicity). In this study, potential risk caused by heavy chain size heterogeneity was evaluated, which addressed the obstacle of mAb development and quality control. Therefore, this study offers a feasible approach for the investigation and identification of heavy chain heterogeneity in reduced CE-SDS, providing a novel strategy for mAb quality control and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xueyu Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Peptide Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Jiangsu Province, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Du
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Gangling Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Maoqin Duan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Fu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chuanfei Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, P. R. China
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7
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Khorshed AA, Savchenko O, Liu J, Shoute L, Zeng J, Ren S, Gu J, Jha N, Yang Z, Wang J, Jin L, Chen J. Development of an impedance-based biosensor for determination of IgG galactosylation levels. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 245:115793. [PMID: 37984315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The glycan profile of immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecule and its changes are associated with a number of different diseases. Galactosylation of IgG was recently suggested as a potential biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and many cancers. In this paper, we propose a portable impedance-based biosensor that utilizes lectin array technology to detect glycans in IgG. Biotinylated Griffonia simplicifolia (GSL II) and Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA I) lectins were used in our biosensor design for determination of the ratio of N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) to galactose (Gal) respectively, which is termed agalactosylation factor (AF). Streptavidin gold nanoparticles (GNP) were conjugated to biotinylated lectin bonded to the carbohydrate in the glycoprotein to magnify the change in impedance signal and enhance detection sensitivity. The method was successfully applied to differentiation of the galactosylation levels in human and rat IgG. In addition, we present proof of concept use of our biosensor for differentiation of COVID-19 positive patient samples from negative patients. Consequently, the sensor can be useful in future applications to distinguish between glycan profiles of IgG from healthy and patient samples in disease studies. Our biosensor permits analysis of human serum without conventional time-consuming IgG purification steps or pretreatment using enzyme digestion to cut the sugars from the glycoprotein molecule. The results suggest that the proposed point of care (POC) biosensor can be used for evaluating disease progression and treatment efficacy via monitoring changes in the galactosylation profiles of IgG in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Khorshed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Oleksandra Savchenko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Shoute
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Shifang Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxing Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naresh Jha
- Cross-cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Skin Phenotypes and Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Skin Phenotypes and Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada.
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8
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Kissel T, Derksen VFAM, Bentlage AEH, Koeleman C, Hafkenscheid L, van der Woude D, Wuhrer M, Vidarsson G, Toes REM. N-linked Fc glycosylation is not required for IgG-B-cell receptor function in a GC-derived B-cell line. Nat Commun 2024; 15:393. [PMID: 38195612 PMCID: PMC10776614 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
IgG secreted by B cells carry asparagine N(297)-linked glycans in the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region. Changes in Fc glycosylation are related to health or disease and are functionally relevant, as IgG without Fc glycans cannot bind to Fcɣ receptors or complement factors. However, it is currently unknown whether ɣ-heavy chain (ɣHC) glycans also influence the function of membrane-bound IgG-B-cell receptors (BCR) and thus the outcome of the B-cell immune response. Here, we show in a germinal center (GC)-derived human B-cell line that ɣHC glycans do not affect membrane expression of IgG-BCRs. Furthermore, antigen binding or other BCR-facilitated mechanisms appear unaffected, including BCR downmodulation or BCR-mediated signaling. As expected, secreted IgG lacking Fc glycosylation is unable to carry out effector functions. Together, these observations indicate that IgG-Fc glycosylation serves as a mechanism to control the effector functions of antibodies, but does not regulate the activation of IgG-switched B cells, as its absence had no apparent impact on BCR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Kissel
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Veerle F A M Derksen
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur E H Bentlage
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1006 AD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien Koeleman
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lise Hafkenscheid
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diane van der Woude
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1006 AD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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9
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Damelang T, Brinkhaus M, van Osch TLJ, Schuurman J, Labrijn AF, Rispens T, Vidarsson G. Impact of structural modifications of IgG antibodies on effector functions. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1304365. [PMID: 38259472 PMCID: PMC10800522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1304365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are a critical component of the adaptive immune system, binding to and neutralizing pathogens and other foreign substances. Recent advances in molecular antibody biology and structural protein engineering enabled the modification of IgG antibodies to enhance their therapeutic potential. This review summarizes recent progress in both natural and engineered structural modifications of IgG antibodies, including allotypic variation, glycosylation, Fc engineering, and Fc gamma receptor binding optimization. We discuss the functional consequences of these modifications to highlight their potential for therapeutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Damelang
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Brinkhaus
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thijs L. J. van Osch
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Janine Schuurman
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aran F. Labrijn
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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10
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van der Velden S, van Osch TLJ, Seghier A, Bentlage AEH, Mok JY, Geerdes DM, van Esch WJE, Pouw RB, Brouwer MC, Jongerius I, de Haas M, Porcelijn L, van der Schoot CE, Vidarsson G, Kapur R. Complement activation drives antibody-mediated transfusion-related acute lung injury via macrophage trafficking and formation of NETs. Blood 2024; 143:79-91. [PMID: 37801721 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is one of the leading causes of transfusion-related fatalities and, to date, is without available therapies. Here, we investigated the role of the complement system in TRALI. Murine anti-major histocompatibility complex class I antibodies were used in TRALI mouse models, in combination with analyses of plasma samples from patients with TRALI. We found that in vitro complement activation was related to in vivo antibody-mediated TRALI induction, which was correlated with increased macrophage trafficking from the lungs to the blood in a fragment crystallizable region (Fc)-dependent manner and that this was dependent on C5. Human immunoglobulin G 1 variants of the murine TRALI-inducing antibody 34-1-2S, either unable to activate complement and/or bind to Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), revealed an essential role for the complement system, but not for FcγRs, in the onset of 34-1-2S-mediated TRALI in mice. In addition, we found high levels of complement activation in the plasma of patients with TRALI (n = 53), which correlated with elevated neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) markers. In vitro we found that NETs could be formed in a murine, 2-hit model, mimicking TRALI with lipopolysaccharide and C5a stimulation. Collectively, this reveals a critical role of Fc-mediated complement activation in TRALI, with a direct relation to macrophage trafficking from the lungs to the blood and an association with NET formation, suggesting that targeting the complement system may be an attractive therapeutic approach for combating TRALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia van der Velden
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs L J van Osch
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amina Seghier
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur E H Bentlage
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juk Yee Mok
- Sanquin Reagents, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Richard B Pouw
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke C Brouwer
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse Jongerius
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert Porcelijn
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Kapur
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Frkatović-Hodžić A, Mijakovac A, Miškec K, Nostaeva A, Sharapov SZ, Landini A, Haller T, van den Akker E, Sharma S, Cuadrat RRC, Mangino M, Li Y, Keser T, Rudman N, Štambuk T, Pučić-Baković M, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Gudelj I, Štambuk J, Pribić T, Radovani B, Tominac P, Fischer K, Beekman M, Wuhrer M, Gieger C, Schulze MB, Wittenbecher C, Polasek O, Hayward C, Wilson JF, Spector TD, Köttgen A, Vučković F, Aulchenko YS, Vojta A, Krištić J, Klarić L, Zoldoš V, Lauc G. Mapping of the gene network that regulates glycan clock of ageing. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:14509-14552. [PMID: 38149987 PMCID: PMC10781487 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are an essential structural component of immunoglobulin G (IgG) that modulate its structure and function. However, regulatory mechanisms behind this complex posttranslational modification are not well known. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified 29 genomic regions involved in regulation of IgG glycosylation, but only a few were functionally validated. One of the key functional features of IgG glycosylation is the addition of galactose (galactosylation), a trait which was shown to be associated with ageing. We performed GWAS of IgG galactosylation (N=13,705) and identified 16 significantly associated loci, indicating that IgG galactosylation is regulated by a complex network of genes that extends beyond the galactosyltransferase enzyme that adds galactose to IgG glycans. Gene prioritization identified 37 candidate genes. Using a recently developed CRISPR/dCas9 system we manipulated gene expression of candidate genes in the in vitro IgG expression system. Upregulation of three genes, EEF1A1, MANBA and TNFRSF13B, changed the IgG glycome composition, which confirmed that these three genes are involved in IgG galactosylation in this in vitro expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anika Mijakovac
- Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Karlo Miškec
- Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Arina Nostaeva
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Functional Genomics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sodbo Z. Sharapov
- MSU Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arianna Landini
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Toomas Haller
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erik van den Akker
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rafael R. C. Cuadrat
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München –Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Toma Keser
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Najda Rudman
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Gudelj
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Jerko Štambuk
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tea Pribić
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Radovani
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Petra Tominac
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krista Fischer
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München –Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Clemens Wittenbecher
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- SciLifeLab, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ozren Polasek
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James F. Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Yurii S. Aulchenko
- MSU Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Aleksandar Vojta
- Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Lucija Klarić
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vlatka Zoldoš
- Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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12
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Damelang T, de Taeye SW, Rentenaar R, Roya-Kouchaki K, de Boer E, Derksen NIL, van Kessel K, Lissenberg-Thunnissen S, Rooijakkers SHM, Jongerius I, Mebius MM, Schuurman J, Labrijn AF, Vidarsson G, Rispens T. The Influence of Human IgG Subclass and Allotype on Complement Activation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1725-1735. [PMID: 37843500 PMCID: PMC10656437 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Complement activation via the classical pathway is initiated when oligomeric Igs on target surfaces are recognized by C1 of the complement cascade. The strength of this interaction and activation of the complement system are influenced by structural variation of the Ab, including Ab isotype, subclass, and glycosylation profile. Polymorphic variants of IgG have also been described to influence Fc-dependent effector functions. Therefore, we assessed complement binding, deposition, and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of 27 known IgG allotypes with anti-trinitrophenyl specificity. Differences between allotypes within subclasses were minor for IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4 allotypes, and more substantial for IgG2. Allelic variant IGHG2*06, containing a unique serine at position 378 in the CH3 domain, showed less efficient complement activation and CDC compared with other IgG2 polymorphisms. We also observed variable cell lysis between IgG1 and IgG3, with IgG3 being superior in lysis of human RBCs and Ramos cells, and IgG1 being superior in lysis of Raji and Wien133 cells, demonstrating that a long-standing conundrum in the literature depends on cellular context. Furthermore, we compared IgG1 and IgG3 under different circumstances, showing that Ag density and Ab hinge length, but not complement regulators, define the context dependency of Ab-mediated CDC activity. Our results point toward a variation in the capacity of IgG subclasses to activate complement due to single amino acid changes and hinge length differences of allotypes to activate complement, which might give new insights on susceptibility to infectious, alloimmune, or autoimmune diseases and aid the design of Ab-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Damelang
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Steven W. de Taeye
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rosa Rentenaar
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kasra Roya-Kouchaki
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther de Boer
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ninotska I. L. Derksen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kok van Kessel
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Suzan H. M. Rooijakkers
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ilse Jongerius
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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13
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Szittner Z, Bentlage AEH, Temming AR, Schmidt DE, Visser R, Lissenberg-Thunnissen S, Mok JY, van Esch WJE, Sonneveld ME, de Graaf EL, Wuhrer M, Porcelijn L, de Haas M, van der Schoot CE, Vidarsson G. Cellular surface plasmon resonance-based detection of anti-HPA-1a antibody glycosylation in fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1225603. [PMID: 37868955 PMCID: PMC10585714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1225603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) can occur due to maternal IgG antibodies targeting platelet antigens, causing life-threatening bleeding in the neonate. However, the disease manifests itself in only a fraction of pregnancies, most commonly with anti-HPA-1a antibodies. We found that in particular, the core fucosylation in the IgG-Fc tail is highly variable in anti-HPA-1a IgG, which strongly influences the binding to leukocyte IgG-Fc receptors IIIa/b (FcγRIIIa/b). Currently, gold-standard IgG-glycoanalytics rely on complicated methods (e.g., mass spectrometry (MS)) that are not suited for diagnostic purposes. Our aim was to provide a simplified method to quantify the biological activity of IgG antibodies targeting cells. We developed a cellular surface plasmon resonance imaging (cSPRi) technique based on FcγRIII-binding to IgG-opsonized cells and compared the results with MS. The strength of platelet binding to FcγR was monitored under flow using both WT FcγRIIIa (sensitive to Fc glycosylation status) and mutant FcγRIIIa-N162A (insensitive to Fc glycosylation status). The quality of the anti-HPA-1a glycosylation was monitored as the ratio of binding signals from the WT versus FcγRIIIa-N162A, using glycoengineered recombinant anti-platelet HPA-1a as a standard. The method was validated with 143 plasma samples with anti-HPA-1a antibodies analyzed by MS with known clinical outcomes and tested for validation of the method. The ratio of patient signal from the WT versus FcγRIIIa-N162A correlated with the fucosylation of the HPA-1a antibodies measured by MS (r=-0.52). Significantly, FNAIT disease severity based on Buchanan bleeding score was similarly discriminated against by MS and cSPRi. In conclusion, the use of IgG receptors, in this case, FcγRIIIa, on SPR chips can yield quantitative and qualitative information on platelet-bound anti-HPA-1a antibodies. Using opsonized cells in this manner circumvents the need for purification of specific antibodies and laborious MS analysis to obtain qualitative antibody traits such as IgG fucosylation, for which no clinical test is currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szittner
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arthur E. H. Bentlage
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - A. Robin Temming
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David E. Schmidt
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Remco Visser
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Lissenberg-Thunnissen
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Myrthe E. Sonneveld
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik L. de Graaf
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Leendert Porcelijn
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Translational Immunohematology, Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - C. Ellen van der Schoot
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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14
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Shkunnikova S, Mijakovac A, Sironic L, Hanic M, Lauc G, Kavur MM. IgG glycans in health and disease: Prediction, intervention, prognosis, and therapy. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108169. [PMID: 37207876 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (IgG) glycosylation is a complex enzymatically controlled process, essential for the structure and function of IgG. IgG glycome is relatively stable in the state of homeostasis, yet its alterations have been associated with aging, pollution and toxic exposure, as well as various diseases, including autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, cardiometabolic diseases, infectious diseases and cancer. IgG is also an effector molecule directly involved in the inflammation processes included in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Numerous recently published studies support the idea that IgG N-glycosylation fine-tunes the immune response and plays a significant role in chronic inflammation. This makes it a promising novel biomarker of biological age, and a prognostic, diagnostic and treatment evaluation tool. Here we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the IgG glycosylation in health and disease, and its potential applications in pro-active prevention and monitoring of various health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Shkunnikova
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anika Mijakovac
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Sironic
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Hanic
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Ulica Ante Kovačića 1, Zagreb, Croatia
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15
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Nguyen NTB, Leung HW, Pang KT, Tay SJ, Walsh I, Choo ABH, Yang Y. Optimizing effector functions of monoclonal antibodies via tailored N-glycan engineering using a dual landing pad CHO targeted integration platform. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15620. [PMID: 37731040 PMCID: PMC10511539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) eliminate cancer cells via various effector mechanisms including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), which are influenced by the N-glycan structures on the Fc region of mAbs. Manipulating these glycan structures on mAbs allows for optimization of therapeutic benefits associated with effector functions. Traditional approaches such as gene deletion or overexpression often lead to only all-or-nothing changes in gene expression and fail to modulate the expression of multiple genes at defined ratios and levels. In this work, we have developed a CHO cell engineering platform enabling modulation of multiple gene expression to tailor the N-glycan profiles of mAbs for enhanced effector functions. Our platform involves a CHO targeted integration platform with two independent landing pads, allowing expression of multiple genes at two pre-determined genomic sites. By combining with internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-based polycistronic vectors, we simultaneously modulated the expression of α-mannosidase II (MANII) and chimeric β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase III (cGNTIII) genes in CHO cells. This strategy enabled the production of mAbs carrying N-glycans with various levels of bisecting and non-fucosylated structures. Importantly, these engineered mAbs exhibited different degrees of effector cell activation and CDC, facilitating the identification of mAbs with optimal effector functions. This platform was demonstrated as a powerful tool for producing antibody therapeutics with tailored effector functions via precise engineering of N-glycan profiles. It holds promise for advancing the field of metabolic engineering in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan T B Nguyen
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Hau Wan Leung
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Kuin Tian Pang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Shi Jie Tay
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Ian Walsh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Andre B H Choo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Yuansheng Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore.
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16
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Hsu YP, Nourzaie O, Tocher AE, Nerella K, Ermakov G, Jung J, Fowler A, Wu P, Ayesa U, Willingham A, Beaumont M, Ingale S. Site-Specific Antibody Conjugation Using Modified Bisected N-Glycans: Method Development and Potential toward Tunable Effector Function. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1633-1644. [PMID: 37620302 PMCID: PMC10516122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have garnered worldwide attention for disease treatment, as they possess high target specificity, a long half-life, and outstanding potency to kill or modulate the functions of targets. FDA approval of multiple ADCs for cancer therapy has generated a strong desire for novel conjugation strategies with high biocompatibility and controllable bioproperties. Herein, we present a bisecting glycan-bridged conjugation strategy that enables site-specific conjugation without the need for the oligosaccharide synthesis and genetic engineering of antibodies. Application of this method is demonstrated by conjugation of anti-HER2 human and mouse IgGs with a cytotoxic drug, monomethyl auristatin E. The glycan bridge showed outstanding stability, and the resulting ADCs eliminated HER2-expressing cancer cells effectively. Moreover, our strategy preserves the feasibility of glycan structure remodeling to fine-tune the immunogenicity and pharmacokinetic properties of ADCs through glycoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Pang Hsu
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 320 Bent St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Omar Nourzaie
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 213 E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ariel E. Tocher
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kavitha Nerella
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 320 Bent St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Grigori Ermakov
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 213 E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jiwon Jung
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 213 E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alexandra Fowler
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 320 Bent St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Peidong Wu
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 320 Bent St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Umme Ayesa
- MRL, Merck
& Co., Inc., 90 E.
Scott Ave., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Aarron Willingham
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 213 E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Maribel Beaumont
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 213 E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sampat Ingale
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 320 Bent St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
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17
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Van Coillie J, Pongracz T, Šuštić T, Wang W, Nouta J, Le Gars M, Keijzer S, Linty F, Cristianawati O, Keijser JB, Visser R, van Vught LA, Slim MA, van Mourik N, Smit MJ, Sander A, Schmidt DE, Steenhuis M, Rispens T, Nielsen MA, Mordmüller BG, Vlaar AP, Ellen van der Schoot C, Roozendaal R, Wuhrer M, Vidarsson G. Comparative analysis of spike-specific IgG Fc glycoprofiles elicited by adenoviral, mRNA, and protein-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. iScience 2023; 26:107619. [PMID: 37670790 PMCID: PMC10475480 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IgG antibodies are important mediators of vaccine-induced immunity through complement- and Fc receptor-dependent effector functions. Both are influenced by the composition of the conserved N-linked glycan located in the IgG Fc domain. Here, we compared the anti-Spike (S) IgG1 Fc glycosylation profiles in response to mRNA, adenoviral, and protein-based COVID-19 vaccines by mass spectrometry (MS). All vaccines induced a transient increase of antigen-specific IgG1 Fc galactosylation and sialylation. An initial, transient increase of afucosylated IgG was induced by membrane-encoding S protein formulations. A fucose-sensitive ELISA for antigen-specific IgG (FEASI) exploiting FcγRIIIa affinity for afucosylated IgG was used as an orthogonal method to confirm the LC-MS-based afucosylation readout. Our data suggest that vaccine-induced anti-S IgG glycosylation is dynamic, and although variation is seen between different vaccine platforms and individuals, the evolution of glycosylation patterns display marked overlaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Van Coillie
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tamas Pongracz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tonći Šuštić
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sofie Keijzer
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Federica Linty
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Olvi Cristianawati
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jim B.D. Keijser
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Remco Visser
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lonneke A. van Vught
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen A. Slim
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Niels van Mourik
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merel J. Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Adam Sander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- AdaptVac Aps, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David E. Schmidt
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maurice Steenhuis
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Morten A. Nielsen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benjamin G. Mordmüller
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander P.J. Vlaar
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anaesthesiology, L.E.I.C.A., Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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18
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Lee W, Lee SM, Jung ST. Unlocking the Power of Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity: Engineering Strategies for the Development of Potent Therapeutic Antibodies for Cancer Treatments. BioDrugs 2023; 37:637-648. [PMID: 37486566 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is a crucial part of the innate immune response, providing defense against invading pathogens and cancer cells. Recently, it has become evident that the complement system plays a significant role in anticancer activities, particularly through complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), alongside antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP). With the discovery of new roles for serum complement molecules in the human immune system, various approaches are being pursued to develop CDC-enhanced antibody therapeutics. In this review, we focus on successful antibody engineering strategies for enhancing CDC, analyzing the lessons learned and the limitations of each approach. Furthermore, we outline potential pathways for the development of antibody therapeutics specifically aimed at enhancing CDC for superior therapeutic efficacy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonju Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Taek Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Lukšić F, Mijakovac A, Josipović G, Vičić Bočkor V, Krištić J, Cindrić A, Vinicki M, Rokić F, Vugrek O, Lauc G, Zoldoš V. Long-Term Culturing of FreeStyle 293-F Cells Affects Immunoglobulin G Glycome Composition. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1245. [PMID: 37627310 PMCID: PMC10452533 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of IgG regulates the effector function of this antibody in the immune response. Glycosylated IgG is a potent therapeutic used for both research and clinical purposes. While there is ample research on how different cell culture conditions affect IgG glycosylation, the data are missing on the stability of IgG glycome during long cell passaging, i.e., cell "aging". To test this, we performed three independent time course experiments in FreeStyle 293-F cells, which secrete IgG with a human-like glycosylation pattern and are frequently used to generate defined IgG glycoforms. During long-term cell culturing, IgG glycome stayed fairly stable except for galactosylation, which appeared extremely variable. Cell transcriptome analysis revealed no correlation in galactosyltransferase B4GALT1 expression with galactosylation change, but with expression of EEF1A1 and SLC38A10, genes previously associated with IgG galactosylation through GWAS. The FreeStyle 293-F cell-based system for IgG production is a good model for studies of mechanisms underlying IgG glycosylation, but results from the present study point to the utmost importance of the need to control IgG galactosylation in both in vitro and in vivo systems. This is especially important for improving the production of precisely glycosylated IgG for therapeutic purposes, since IgG galactosylation affects the inflammatory potential of IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fran Lukšić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anika Mijakovac
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Josipović
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedrana Vičić Bočkor
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ana Cindrić
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Vinicki
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Filip Rokić
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Oliver Vugrek
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Zoldoš
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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20
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Nimmerjahn F, Vidarsson G, Cragg MS. Effect of posttranslational modifications and subclass on IgG activity: from immunity to immunotherapy. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1244-1255. [PMID: 37414906 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Humoral immune responses are characterized by complex mixtures of polyclonal antibody species varying in their isotype, target epitope specificity and affinity. Posttranslational modifications occurring during antibody production in both the antibody variable and constant domain create further complexity and can modulate antigen specificity and antibody Fc-dependent effector functions, respectively. Finally, modifications of the antibody backbone after secretion may further impact antibody activity. An in-depth understanding of how these posttranslational modifications impact antibody function, especially in the context of individual antibody isotypes and subclasses, is only starting to emerge. Indeed, only a minute proportion of this natural variability in the humoral immune response is currently reflected in therapeutic antibody preparations. In this Review, we summarize recent insights into how IgG subclass and posttranslational modifications impact IgG activity and discuss how these insights may be used to optimize therapeutic antibody development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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21
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Buhre JS, Pongracz T, Künsting I, Lixenfeld AS, Wang W, Nouta J, Lehrian S, Schmelter F, Lunding HB, Dühring L, Kern C, Petry J, Martin EL, Föh B, Steinhaus M, von Kopylow V, Sina C, Graf T, Rahmöller J, Wuhrer M, Ehlers M. mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 induce comparably low long-term IgG Fc galactosylation and sialylation levels but increasing long-term IgG4 responses compared to an adenovirus-based vaccine. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1020844. [PMID: 36713457 PMCID: PMC9877300 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1020844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The new types of mRNA-containing lipid nanoparticle vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 and the adenovirus-based vaccine AZD1222 were developed against SARS-CoV-2 and code for its spike (S) protein. Several studies have investigated short-term antibody (Ab) responses after vaccination. Objective However, the impact of these new vaccine formats with unclear effects on the long-term Ab response - including isotype, subclass, and their type of Fc glycosylation - is less explored. Methods Here, we analyzed anti-S Ab responses in blood serum and the saliva of SARS-CoV-2 naïve and non-hospitalized pre-infected subjects upon two vaccinations with different mRNA- and adenovirus-based vaccine combinations up to day 270. Results We show that the initially high mRNA vaccine-induced blood and salivary anti-S IgG levels, particularly IgG1, markedly decrease over time and approach the lower levels induced with the adenovirus-based vaccine. All three vaccines induced, contrary to the short-term anti-S IgG1 response with high sialylation and galactosylation levels, a long-term anti-S IgG1 response that was characterized by low sialylation and galactosylation with the latter being even below the corresponding total IgG1 galactosylation level. Instead, the mRNA, but not the adenovirus-based vaccines induced long-term IgG4 responses - the IgG subclass with inhibitory effector functions. Furthermore, salivary anti-S IgA levels were lower and decreased faster in naïve as compared to pre-infected vaccinees. Predictively, age correlated with lower long-term anti-S IgG titers for the mRNA vaccines. Furthermore, higher total IgG1 galactosylation, sialylation, and bisection levels correlated with higher long-term anti-S IgG1 sialylation, galactosylation, and bisection levels, respectively, for all vaccine combinations. Conclusion In summary, the study suggests a comparable "adjuvant" potential of the newly developed vaccines on the anti-S IgG Fc glycosylation, as reflected in relatively low long-term anti-S IgG1 galactosylation levels generated by the long-lived plasma cell pool, whose induction might be driven by a recently described TH1-driven B cell response for all three vaccines. Instead, repeated immunization of naïve individuals with the mRNA vaccines increased the proportion of the IgG4 subclass over time which might influence the long-term Ab effector functions. Taken together, these data shed light on these novel vaccine formats and might have potential implications for their long-term efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Sophia Buhre
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tamas Pongracz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Inga Künsting
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne S. Lixenfeld
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Selina Lehrian
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Franziska Schmelter
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanna B. Lunding
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lara Dühring
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carsten Kern
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Janina Petry
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Emily L. Martin
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bandik Föh
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Moritz Steinhaus
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vera von Kopylow
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tobias Graf
- Medical Department 2, University Heart Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Johann Rahmöller
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Manfred Wuhrer, ; Marc Ehlers,
| | - Marc Ehlers
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), University of Lübeck, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany,*Correspondence: Manfred Wuhrer, ; Marc Ehlers,
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22
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Abstract
Glycosylation has a profound influence on protein activity and cell biology through a variety of mechanisms, such as protein stability, receptor interactions and signal transduction. In many rheumatic diseases, a shift in protein glycosylation occurs, and is associated with inflammatory processes and disease progression. For example, the Fc-glycan composition on (auto)antibodies is associated with disease activity, and the presence of additional glycans in the antigen-binding domains of some autoreactive B cell receptors can affect B cell activation. In addition, changes in synovial fibroblast cell-surface glycosylation can alter the synovial microenvironment and are associated with an altered inflammatory state and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. The development of our understanding of the role of glycosylation of plasma proteins (particularly (auto)antibodies), cells and tissues in rheumatic pathological conditions suggests that glycosylation-based interventions could be used in the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Kissel
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thomas W J Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
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23
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Oskam N, Damelang T, Streutker M, Ooijevaar-de Heer P, Nouta J, Koeleman C, Van Coillie J, Wuhrer M, Vidarsson G, Rispens T. Factors affecting IgG4-mediated complement activation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1087532. [PMID: 36776883 PMCID: PMC9910309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1087532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Of the four human immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses, IgG4 is considered the least inflammatory, in part because it poorly activates the complement system. Regardless, in IgG4 related disease (IgG4-RD) and in autoimmune disorders with high levels of IgG4 autoantibodies, the presence of these antibodies has been linked to consumption and deposition of complement components. This apparent paradox suggests that conditions may exist, potentially reminiscent of in vivo deposits, that allow for complement activation by IgG4. Furthermore, it is currently unclear how variable glycosylation and Fab arm exchange may influence the ability of IgG4 to activate complement. Here, we used well-defined, glyco-engineered monoclonal preparations of IgG4 and determined their ability to activate complement in a controlled system. We show that IgG4 can activate complement only at high antigen and antibody concentrations, via the classical pathway. Moreover, elevated or reduced Fc galactosylation enhanced or diminished complement activation, respectively, with no apparent contribution from the lectin pathway. Fab glycans slightly reduced complement activation. Lastly, we show that bispecific, monovalent IgG4 resulting from Fab arm exchange is a less potent activator of complement than monospecific IgG4. Taken together, these results imply that involvement of IgG4-mediated complement activation in pathology is possible but unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke Oskam
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Timon Damelang
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Immunohematology Experimental, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marij Streutker
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pleuni Ooijevaar-de Heer
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Carolien Koeleman
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Julie Van Coillie
- Department of Immunohematology Experimental, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Immunohematology Experimental, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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24
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Crowley AR, Mehlenbacher MR, Sajadi MM, DeVico AL, Lewis GK, Ackerman ME. Evidence of variable human Fcγ receptor-Fc affinities across differentially-complexed IgG. MAbs 2023; 15:2231128. [PMID: 37405954 PMCID: PMC10324447 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2231128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-mediated effector functions are widely considered to unfold according to an associative model of IgG-Fcγ receptor (FcγR) interactions. The associative model presupposes that Fc receptors cannot discriminate antigen-bound IgG from free IgG in solution and have equivalent affinities for each. Therefore, the clustering of Fcγ receptors (FcγR) in the cell membrane, cross-activation of intracellular signaling domains, and the formation of the immune synapse are all the result of avid interactions between the Fc region of IgG and FcγRs that collectively overcome the individually weak, transient interactions between binding partners. Antibody allostery, specifically conformational allostery, is a competing model in which antigen-bound antibody molecules undergo a physical rearrangement that causes them to stand out from the background of free IgG by virtue of greater FcγR affinity. Various evidence exists in support of this model of antibody allostery, but it remains controversial. We report observations from multiplexed, label-free kinetic experiments in which the affinity values of FcγR were characterized for covalently immobilized, captured, and antigen-bound IgG. Across the strategies tested, receptors had greater affinity for the antigen-bound mode of IgG presentation. This phenomenon was observed across multiple FcγRs and generalized to multiple antigens, antibody specificities, and subclasses. Furthermore, the thermodynamic signatures of FcγR binding to free or immune-complexed IgG in solution differed when measured by an orthogonal label-free method, but the failure to recapitulate the trend in overall affinity leaves open questions as to what additional factors may be at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Crowley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Mohammad M. Sajadi
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, USA
| | - Anthony L. DeVico
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - George K. Lewis
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
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25
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Beyond neutralization: Fc-dependent antibody effector functions in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Rev Immunol 2022:10.1038/s41577-022-00813-1. [PMID: 36536068 PMCID: PMC9761659 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00813-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies are known to have a crucial role in protecting against SARS-CoV-2 infection and have been suggested to be a useful correlate of protection for vaccine clinical trials and for population-level surveys. In addition to neutralizing virus directly, antibodies can also engage immune effectors through their Fc domains, including Fc receptor-expressing immune cells and complement. The outcome of these interactions depends on a range of factors, including antibody isotype-Fc receptor combinations, Fc receptor-bearing cell types and antibody post-translational modifications. A growing body of evidence has shown roles for these Fc-dependent antibody effector functions in determining the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, measuring these functions is more complicated than assays that measure antibody binding and virus neutralization. Here, we examine recent data illuminating the roles of Fc-dependent antibody effector functions in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and we discuss the implications of these data for the development of next-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapeutics.
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26
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Van Coillie J, Pongracz T, Rahmöller J, Chen HJ, Geyer CE, van Vught LA, Buhre JS, Šuštić T, van Osch TLJ, Steenhuis M, Hoepel W, Wang W, Lixenfeld AS, Nouta J, Keijzer S, Linty F, Visser R, Larsen MD, Martin EL, Künsting I, Lehrian S, von Kopylow V, Kern C, Lunding HB, de Winther M, van Mourik N, Rispens T, Graf T, Slim MA, Minnaar RP, Bomers MK, Sikkens JJ, Vlaar AP, van der Schoot CE, den Dunnen J, Wuhrer M, Ehlers M, Vidarsson G. The BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces transient afucosylated IgG1 in naive but not in antigen-experienced vaccinees. EBioMedicine 2022; 87:104408. [PMID: 36529104 PMCID: PMC9756879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Afucosylated IgG1 responses have only been found against membrane-embedded epitopes, including anti-S in SARS-CoV-2 infections. These responses, intrinsically protective through enhanced FcγRIIIa binding, can also trigger exacerbated pro-inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19. We investigated if the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA also induced afucosylated IgG responses. METHODS Blood from vaccinees during the first vaccination wave was collected. Liquid chromatography-Mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to study anti-S IgG1 Fc glycoprofiles. Responsiveness of alveolar-like macrophages to produce proinflammatory cytokines in presence of sera and antigen was tested. Antigen-specific B cells were characterized and glycosyltransferase levels were investigated by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS). FINDINGS Initial transient afucosylated anti-S IgG1 responses were found in naive vaccinees, but not in antigen-experienced ones. All vaccinees had increased galactosylated and sialylated anti-S IgG1. Both naive and antigen-experienced vaccinees showed relatively low macrophage activation potential, as expected, due to the low antibody levels for naive individuals with afucosylated IgG1, and low afucosylation levels for antigen-experienced individuals with high levels of anti-S. Afucosylation levels correlated with FUT8 expression in antigen-specific plasma cells in naive individuals. Interestingly, low fucosylation of anti-S IgG1 upon seroconversion correlated with high anti-S IgG levels after the second dose. INTERPRETATION Here, we show that BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination induces transient afucosylated anti-S IgG1 responses in naive individuals. This observation warrants further studies to elucidate the clinical context in which potent afucosylated responses would be preferred. FUNDING LSBR1721, 1908; ZonMW10430012010021, 09150161910033, 10430012010008; DFG398859914, 400912066, 390884018; PMI; DOI4-Nr. 3; H2020-MSCA-ITN 721815.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Van Coillie
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tamas Pongracz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johann Rahmöller
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hung-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chiara Elisabeth Geyer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lonneke A. van Vught
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jana Sophia Buhre
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tonći Šuštić
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thijs Luc Junior van Osch
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maurice Steenhuis
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands,Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willianne Hoepel
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Sophie Lixenfeld
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sofie Keijzer
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands,Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Federica Linty
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Remco Visser
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mads Delbo Larsen
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Emily Lara Martin
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Inga Künsting
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Selina Lehrian
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vera von Kopylow
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carsten Kern
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanna Bele Lunding
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Menno de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Niels van Mourik
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands,Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias Graf
- Medical Department 2, University Heart Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marleen Adriana Slim
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marije Kristianne Bomers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonne Jochum Sikkens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander P.J. Vlaar
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C. Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands,Corresponding author.
| | - Marc Ehlers
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Medical Center of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany,Airway Research Center North, University of Lübeck, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany,Corresponding author.
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands,Corresponding author.
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27
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van Osch TLJ, Pongracz T, Geerdes DM, Mok JY, van Esch WJE, Voorberg J, Kapur R, Porcelijn L, Kerkhoffs JH, van der Meer PF, van der Schoot CE, de Haas M, Wuhrer M, Vidarsson G. Altered Fc glycosylation of anti-HLA alloantibodies in hemato-oncological patients receiving platelet transfusions. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:3011-3025. [PMID: 36165642 PMCID: PMC9828502 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of alloantibodies directed against class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA) continues to be a clinically challenging complication after platelet transfusions, which can lead to platelet refractoriness (PR) and occurs in approximately 5%-15% of patients with chronic platelet support. Interestingly, anti-HLA IgG levels in alloimmunized patients do not seem to predict PR, suggesting functional or qualitative differences among anti-HLA IgG. The binding of these alloantibodies to donor platelets can result in rapid clearance after transfusion, presumably via FcγR-mediated phagocytosis and/or complement activation, which both are affected by the IgG-Fc glycosylation. OBJECTIVES To characterize the Fc glycosylation profile of anti-HLA class I antibodies formed after platelet transfusion and to investigate its effect on clinical outcome. PATIENTS/METHODS We screened and captured anti-HLA class I antibodies (anti-HLA A2, anti-HLA A24, and anti-HLA B7) developed after platelet transfusions in hemato-oncology patients, who were included in the PREPAReS Trial. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we analyzed the glycosylation profiles of total and anti-HLA IgG1 developed over time. Subsequently, the glycosylation data was linked to the patients' clinical information and posttransfusion increments. RESULTS The glycosylation profile of anti-HLA antibodies was highly variable between patients. In general, Fc galactosylation and sialylation levels were elevated compared to total plasma IgG, which correlated negatively with the platelet count increment. Furthermore, high levels of afucosylation were observed for two patients. CONCLUSIONS These differences in composition of anti-HLA Fc-glycosylation profiles could potentially explain the variation in clinical severity between patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs L. J. van Osch
- Immunoglobulin Research laboratory, Department of Experimental ImmunohematologySanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and ProteomicsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Tamas Pongracz
- Center for Proteomics and MetabolomicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jan Voorberg
- Department of Molecular HematologyAmsterdam University Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rick Kapur
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology|Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Leendert Porcelijn
- Department of Immunohematology DiagnosticsSanquin Diagnostic ServicesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jean‐Louis H. Kerkhoffs
- Department of Clinical Transfusion ResearchSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of HematologyHaga Teaching HospitalThe HagueThe Netherlands
| | - Pieter F. van der Meer
- Department of HematologyHaga Teaching HospitalThe HagueThe Netherlands
- Department of ImmunologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Product and Process DevelopmentSanquin Blood BankAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - C. Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology|Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Department of Immunohematology DiagnosticsSanquin Diagnostic ServicesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Transfusion ResearchSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Departement of HematologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and MetabolomicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Immunoglobulin Research laboratory, Department of Experimental ImmunohematologySanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and ProteomicsUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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28
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Grace PS, Gunn BM, Lu LL. Engineering the supernatural: monoclonal antibodies for challenging infectious diseases. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102818. [PMID: 36242952 PMCID: PMC9612313 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies can be deployed faster than antimicrobials and vaccines. However, the majority of mAbs treat cancer and autoimmune diseases, whereas a minority treat infection. This is in part because targeting a single antigen by the antibody Fab domain is insufficient to stop the dynamic microbial life cycle. Thus, finding the 'right' antigens remains the focus of intense investigations. Equally important is the antibody-Fc domain that has the capacity to induce immune responses that enhance neutralization, and limit pathology and transmission. While Fc-effector functions have been less deeply studied, conceptual and technical advances reveal previously underappreciated antibody potential to combat diseases from microbes difficult to address with current diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines, including S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, P. falciparum, and M. tuberculosis. What is learned about engineering antibodies for these challenging organisms will enhance our approach to new and emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Grace
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Lenette L Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Parkland Health & Hospital System, United States.
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29
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Abstract
Bharadwaj et al.1 demonstrate that anti-donor HLA antibodies display low levels of Fc fucosylation. This signature was associated with potent provocation of NK cell effector functions and was discriminative for active antibody-mediated rejection among patients with donor specific HLA antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Valenzuela
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Corresponding author
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30
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Bharadwaj P, Shrestha S, Pongracz T, Concetta C, Sharma S, Le Moine A, de Haan N, Murakami N, Riella LV, Holovska V, Wuhrer M, Marchant A, Ackerman ME. Afucosylation of HLA-specific IgG1 as a potential predictor of antibody pathogenicity in kidney transplantation. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100818. [PMID: 36384101 PMCID: PMC9729883 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is the leading cause of graft failure. While donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) are associated with a higher risk of AMR, not all patients with DSAs develop rejection, suggesting that the characteristics of alloantibodies determining their pathogenicity remain undefined. Using human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2-specific antibodies as a model, we apply systems serology tools to investigate qualitative features of immunoglobulin G (IgG) alloantibodies including Fc-glycosylation patterns and FcγR-binding properties. Levels of afucosylated anti-A2 antibodies are elevated in seropositive patients, especially those with AMR, suggesting potential cytotoxicity via FcγRIII-mediated mechanisms. Afucosylation of both glycoengineered monoclonal and naturally glycovariant polyclonal serum IgG specific to HLA-A2 drives potentiated binding to, slower dissociation from, and enhanced signaling through FcγRIII, a receptor widely expressed on innate effector cells, and greater cytotoxicity against HLA-A2+ cells mediated by natural killer (NK) cells. Collectively, these results suggest that afucosylated DSA may be a biomarker of AMR and contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Bharadwaj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Sweta Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Tamas Pongracz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Catalano Concetta
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium; Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Shilpee Sharma
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Alain Le Moine
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Naoka Murakami
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonardo V Riella
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanda Holovska
- HLA Laboratory, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles (LHUB), Hôpital Erasme ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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31
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Buhre JS, Becker M, Ehlers M. IgG subclass and Fc glycosylation shifts are linked to the transition from pre- to inflammatory autoimmune conditions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1006939. [PMID: 36405742 PMCID: PMC9669588 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1006939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A crucial factor for the development of inflammatory autoimmune diseases is the occurrence of antibodies directed against self-tissues and structures, which leads to damage and inflammation. While little is known about the cause of the development of mis-directed, disease-specific T and B cells and resulting IgG autoantibody responses, there is increasing evidence that their induction can occur years before disease symptoms appear. However, a certain proportion of healthy individuals express specific IgG autoantibodies without disease symptoms and not all subjects who generate autoantibodies may develop disease symptoms. Thus, the development of inflammatory autoimmune diseases seems to involve two steps. Increasing evidence suggests that harmless self-directed T and B cell and resulting IgG autoantibody responses in the pre-autoimmune disease stage might switch to more inflammatory T and B cell and IgG autoantibody responses that trigger the inflammatory autoimmune disease stage. Here, we summarize findings on the transition from the pre-disease to the disease stage and vice versa, e.g. by pregnancy and treatment, with a focus on low-/anti-inflammatory versus pro-inflammatory IgG autoantibody responses, including IgG subclass and Fc glycosylation features. Characterization of biomarkers that identify the transition from the pre-disease to the disease stage might facilitate recognition of the ideal time point of treatment initiation and the development of therapeutic strategies for re-directing inflammatory autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Sophia Buhre
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mareike Becker
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marc Ehlers
- Laboratories of Immunology and Antibody Glycan Analysis, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marc Ehlers,
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32
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Trbojević-Akmačić I, Lageveen-Kammeijer GSM, Heijs B, Petrović T, Deriš H, Wuhrer M, Lauc G. High-Throughput Glycomic Methods. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15865-15913. [PMID: 35797639 PMCID: PMC9614987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycomics aims to identify the structure and function of the glycome, the complete set of oligosaccharides (glycans), produced in a given cell or organism, as well as to identify genes and other factors that govern glycosylation. This challenging endeavor requires highly robust, sensitive, and potentially automatable analytical technologies for the analysis of hundreds or thousands of glycomes in a timely manner (termed high-throughput glycomics). This review provides a historic overview as well as highlights recent developments and challenges of glycomic profiling by the most prominent high-throughput glycomic approaches, with N-glycosylation analysis as the focal point. It describes the current state-of-the-art regarding levels of characterization and most widely used technologies, selected applications of high-throughput glycomics in deciphering glycosylation process in healthy and disease states, as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bram Heijs
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tea Petrović
- Genos,
Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Helena Deriš
- Genos,
Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos,
Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University
of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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33
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Bates TA, Lu P, Kang YJ, Schoen D, Thornton M, McBride SK, Park C, Kim D, Messer WB, Curlin ME, Tafesse FG, Lu LL. BNT162b2-induced neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibody functions against SARS-CoV-2 diminish with age. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111544. [PMID: 36252569 PMCID: PMC9533669 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Each severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant renews concerns about decreased vaccine neutralization weakening efficacy. However, while prevention of infection varies, protection from disease remains and implicates immunity beyond neutralization in vaccine efficacy. Polyclonal antibodies function through Fab domains that neutralize virus and Fc domains that induce non-neutralizing responses via engagement of Fc receptors on immune cells. To understand how vaccines promote protection, we leverage sera from 51 SARS-CoV-2 uninfected individuals after two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. We show that neutralizing activities against clinical isolates of wild-type and five SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron BA.2, link to FcγRIIIa/CD16 non-neutralizing effector functions. This is associated with post-translational afucosylation and sialylation of vaccine-specific antibodies. Further, polyfunctional neutralizing and non-neutralizing breadth, magnitude, and coordination diminish with age. Thus, studying Fc functions in addition to Fab-mediated neutralization provides greater insight into vaccine efficacy for vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, against SARS-CoV-2 and novel variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Pei Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ye Jin Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Devin Schoen
- Department of Occupational Health, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Micah Thornton
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Savannah K McBride
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Chanhee Park
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Daehwan Kim
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Marcel E Curlin
- Department of Occupational Health, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Lenette L Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Parkland Health & Hospital System, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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34
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Siekman SL, Pongracz T, Wang W, Nouta J, Kremsner PG, da Silva-Neto PV, Esen M, Kreidenweiss A, Held J, Trapé ÁA, Fendel R, de Miranda Santos IKF, Wuhrer M. The IgG glycome of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals reflects disease course and severity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:993354. [PMID: 36389824 PMCID: PMC9641981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.993354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies play an important role in the immune response against viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. As the effector functions of IgG are modulated by N-glycosylation of the Fc region, the structure and possible function of the IgG N-glycome has been under investigation in relation to divergent COVID-19 disease courses. Through LC-MS analysis we studied both total IgG1 and spike protein-specific IgG1 Fc glycosylation of 129 German and 163 Brazilian COVID-19 patients representing diverse patient populations. We found that hospitalized COVID-19 patients displayed decreased levels of total IgG1 bisection and galactosylation and lowered anti-S IgG1 fucosylation and bisection as compared to mild outpatients. Anti-S IgG1 glycosylation was dynamic over the disease course and both anti-S and total IgG1 glycosylation were correlated to inflammatory markers. Further research is needed to dissect the possible role of altered IgG glycosylation profiles in (dys)regulating the immune response in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sterre L. Siekman
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tamas Pongracz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Peter G. Kremsner
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Medicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- German Center for Infection Research, Deutschen Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Meral Esen
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Medicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- German Center for Infection Research, Deutschen Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Kreidenweiss
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Medicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- German Center for Infection Research, Deutschen Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jana Held
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Medicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- German Center for Infection Research, Deutschen Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Átila Alexandre Trapé
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rolf Fendel
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Medicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- German Center for Infection Research, Deutschen Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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35
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van Osch TLJ, Steuten J, Nouta J, Koeleman CAM, Bentlage AEH, Heidt S, Mulder A, Voorberg J, van Ham SM, Wuhrer M, Ten Brinke A, Vidarsson G. Phagocytosis of platelets opsonized with differently glycosylated anti-HLA hIgG1 by monocyte-derived macrophages. Platelets 2022; 34:2129604. [PMID: 36185007 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2129604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Immune-mediated platelet refractoriness (PR) remains a significant problem in the setting of platelet transfusion and is predominantly caused by the presence of alloantibodies directed against class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Opsonization of donor platelets with these alloantibodies can result in rapid clearance after transfusion via multiple mechanisms, including antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). Interestingly, not all alloimmunized patients develop PR to unmatched platelet transfusions, suggesting variation in HLA-specific IgG responses between patients. Previously, we observed that the glycosylation profile of anti-HLA antibodies was highly variable between PR patients, especially with respect to Fc galactosylation, sialylation and fucosylation. In the current study, we investigated the effect of different Fc glycosylation patterns, with known effects on complement deposition and FcγR binding, on phagocytosis of opsonized platelets by monocyte-derived human macrophages. We found that the phagocytosis of antibody- and complement-opsonized platelets, by monocyte derived M1 macrophages, was unaffected by these qualitative IgG-glycan differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs L J van Osch
- Immunoglobulin Research laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Juulke Steuten
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien A M Koeleman
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur E H Bentlage
- Immunoglobulin Research laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arend Mulder
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Voorberg
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Ten Brinke
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Immunoglobulin Research laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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36
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Oosterhoff JJ, Larsen MD, van der Schoot CE, Vidarsson G. Afucosylated IgG responses in humans - structural clues to the regulation of humoral immunity. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:800-814. [PMID: 36008258 PMCID: PMC9395167 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Healthy immune responses require efficient protection without excessive inflammation. Recent discoveries on the degree of fucosylation of a human N-linked glycan at a conserved site in the immunoglobulin IgG-Fc domain might add an additional regulatory layer to adaptive humoral immunity. Specifically, afucosylation of IgG-Fc enhances the interaction of IgG with FcγRIII and thereby its activity. Although plasma IgG is generally fucosylated, afucosylated IgG is raised in responses to enveloped viruses and Plasmodium falciparum proteins expressed on infected erythrocytes, as well as during alloimmune responses. Moreover, while afucosylation can exacerbate some infectious diseases (e.g., COVID-19), it also correlates with traits of protective immunity against malaria and HIV-1. Herein we discuss the implications of IgG afucosylation for health and disease, as well as for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janita J Oosterhoff
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mads Delbo Larsen
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Immunoglobulin Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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37
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Bates TA, Lu P, Kang YJ, Schoen D, Thornton M, McBride SK, Park C, Kim D, Messer WB, Curlin ME, Tafesse FG, Lu LL. BNT162b2 induced neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibody functions against SARSCoV-2 diminish with age. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2022.08.12.22278726. [PMID: 36032979 PMCID: PMC9413715 DOI: 10.1101/2022.08.12.22278726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Each novel SARS-CoV-2 variant renews concerns about decreased vaccine efficacy caused by evasion of vaccine induced neutralizing antibodies. However, accumulating epidemiological data show that while vaccine prevention of infection varies, protection from severe disease and death remains high. Thus, immune responses beyond neutralization could contribute to vaccine efficacy. Polyclonal antibodies function through their Fab domains that neutralize virus directly, and Fc domains that induce non-neutralizing host responses via engagement of Fc receptors on immune cells. To understand how vaccine induced neutralizing and non-neutralizing activities synergize to promote protection, we leverage sera from 51 SARS-CoV-2 uninfected health-care workers after two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. We show that BNT162b2 elicits antibodies that neutralize clinical isolates of wildtype and five variants of SARS-CoV-2, including Omicron BA.2, and, critically, induce Fc effector functions. FcγRIIIa/CD16 activity is linked to neutralizing activity and associated with post-translational afucosylation and sialylation of vaccine specific antibodies. Further, neutralizing and non-neutralizing functions diminish with age, with limited polyfunctional breadth, magnitude and coordination observed in those ≥65 years old compared to <65. Thus, studying Fc functions in addition to Fab mediated neutralization provides greater insight into vaccine efficacy for vulnerable populations such as the elderly against SARS-CoV-2 and novel variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Pei Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ye jin Kang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Devin Schoen
- Department of Occupational Health, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Micah Thornton
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Savannah K. McBride
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Chanhee Park
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Daehwan Kim
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - William B. Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Marcel E. Curlin
- Department of Occupational Health, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Fikadu G. Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Lenette L. Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Parkland Health & Hospital System
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38
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Immunoassay for quantification of antigen-specific IgG fucosylation. EBioMedicine 2022; 81:104109. [PMID: 35752106 PMCID: PMC9240806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies serve a crucial immuno-protective function mediated by IgG Fc receptors (FcγR). Absence of fucose on the highly conserved N-linked glycan in the IgG Fc domain strongly enhances IgG binding and activation of myeloid and natural killer (NK) cell FcγRs. Although afucosylated IgG can provide increased protection (malaria and HIV), it also boosts immunopathologies in alloimmune diseases, COVID-19 and dengue fever. Quantifying IgG fucosylation currently requires sophisticated methods such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and extensive analytical skills reserved to highly specialized laboratories. Methods Here, we introduce the Fucose-sensitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Antigen-Specific IgG (FEASI), an immunoassay capable of simultaneously quantitating and qualitatively determining IgG responses. FEASI is a two-tier immunoassay; the first assay is used to quantify antigen-specific IgG (IgG ELISA), while the second gives FcγRIIIa binding-dependent readout which is highly sensitive to both the IgG quantity and the IgG Fc fucosylation (FcγR-IgG ELISA). Findings IgG Fc fucosylation levels, independently determined by LC-MS and FEASI, in COVID-19 responses to the spike (S) antigen, correlated very strongly by simple linear regression (R2=0.93, p < 0.0001). The FEASI method was then used to quantify IgG levels and fucosylation in COVID-19 convalescent plasma which was independently validated by LC-MS. Interpretation FEASI can be reliably implemented to measure relative and absolute IgG Fc fucosylation and quantify binding of antigen-specific IgG to FcγR in a high-throughput manner accessible to all diagnostic and research laboratories. Funding This work was funded by the Stichting Sanquin Bloedvoorziening (PPOC 19-08 and SQI00041) and ZonMW 10430 01 201 0021.
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39
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Vattepu R, Sneed SL, Anthony RM. Sialylation as an Important Regulator of Antibody Function. Front Immunol 2022; 13:818736. [PMID: 35464485 PMCID: PMC9021442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies play a critical role in linking the adaptive immune response to the innate immune system. In humans, antibodies are categorized into five classes, IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, and IgD, based on constant region sequence, structure, and tropism. In serum, IgG is the most abundant antibody, comprising 75% of antibodies in circulation, followed by IgA at 15%, IgM at 10%, and IgD and IgE are the least abundant. All human antibody classes are post-translationally modified by sugars. The resulting glycans take on many divergent structures and can be attached in an N-linked or O-linked manner, and are distinct by antibody class, and by position on each antibody. Many of these glycan structures on antibodies are capped by sialic acid. It is well established that the composition of the N-linked glycans on IgG exert a profound influence on its effector functions. However, recent studies have described the influence of glycans, particularly sialic acid for other antibody classes. Here, we discuss the role of glycosylation, with a focus on terminal sialylation, in the biology and function across all antibody classes. Sialylation has been shown to influence not only IgG, but IgE, IgM, and IgA biology, making it an important and unappreciated regulator of antibody function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Vattepu
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sunny Lyn Sneed
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert M Anthony
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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40
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Pongracz T, Nouta J, Wang W, van Meijgaarden KE, Linty F, Vidarsson G, Joosten SA, Ottenhoff THM, Hokke CH, de Vries JJC, Arbous SM, Roukens AHE, Wuhrer M. Immunoglobulin G1 Fc glycosylation as an early hallmark of severe COVID-19. EBioMedicine 2022. [PMID: 35334306 DOI: 10.1101/2021.11.18.21266442v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) effector functions are impacted by the structure of fragment crystallizable (Fc) tail-linked N-glycans. Low fucosylation levels on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein-specific IgG1 has been described as a hallmark of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and may lead to activation of macrophages via immune complexes thereby promoting inflammatory responses, altogether suggesting involvement of IgG1 Fc glycosylation modulated immune mechanisms in COVID-19. METHODS In this prospective, observational single center cohort study, IgG1 Fc glycosylation was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry following affinity capturing from serial plasma samples of 159 SARS-CoV-2 infected hospitalized patients. FINDINGS At baseline close to disease onset, anti-S IgG1 glycosylation was highly skewed when compared to total plasma IgG1. A rapid, general reduction in glycosylation skewing was observed during the disease course. Low anti-S IgG1 galactosylation and sialylation as well as high bisection were early hallmarks of disease severity, whilst high galactosylation and sialylation and low bisection were found in patients with low disease severity. In line with these observations, anti-S IgG1 glycosylation correlated with various inflammatory markers. INTERPRETATION Association of low galactosylation, sialylation as well as high bisection with disease severity and inflammatory markers suggests that further studies are needed to understand how anti-S IgG1 glycosylation may contribute to disease mechanism and to evaluate its biomarker potential. FUNDING This project received funding from the European Commission's Horizon2020 research and innovation program for H2020-MSCA-ITN IMforFUTURE, under grant agreement number 721815, and supported by Crowdfunding Wake Up To Corona, organized by the Leiden University Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Pongracz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Federica Linty
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jutte J C de Vries
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sesmu M Arbous
- Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anna H E Roukens
- Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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41
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Pongracz T, Nouta J, Wang W, van Meijgaarden KE, Linty F, Vidarsson G, Joosten SA, Ottenhoff THM, Hokke CH, de Vries JJC, Arbous SM, Roukens AHE, Wuhrer M. Immunoglobulin G1 Fc glycosylation as an early hallmark of severe COVID-19. EBioMedicine 2022; 78:103957. [PMID: 35334306 PMCID: PMC8938159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) effector functions are impacted by the structure of fragment crystallizable (Fc) tail-linked N-glycans. Low fucosylation levels on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein-specific IgG1 has been described as a hallmark of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and may lead to activation of macrophages via immune complexes thereby promoting inflammatory responses, altogether suggesting involvement of IgG1 Fc glycosylation modulated immune mechanisms in COVID-19. Methods In this prospective, observational single center cohort study, IgG1 Fc glycosylation was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry following affinity capturing from serial plasma samples of 159 SARS-CoV-2 infected hospitalized patients. Findings At baseline close to disease onset, anti-S IgG1 glycosylation was highly skewed when compared to total plasma IgG1. A rapid, general reduction in glycosylation skewing was observed during the disease course. Low anti-S IgG1 galactosylation and sialylation as well as high bisection were early hallmarks of disease severity, whilst high galactosylation and sialylation and low bisection were found in patients with low disease severity. In line with these observations, anti-S IgG1 glycosylation correlated with various inflammatory markers. Interpretation Association of low galactosylation, sialylation as well as high bisection with disease severity and inflammatory markers suggests that further studies are needed to understand how anti-S IgG1 glycosylation may contribute to disease mechanism and to evaluate its biomarker potential. Funding This project received funding from the European Commission's Horizon2020 research and innovation program for H2020-MSCA-ITN IMforFUTURE, under grant agreement number 721815, and supported by Crowdfunding Wake Up To Corona, organized by the Leiden University Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Pongracz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Federica Linty
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jutte J C de Vries
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sesmu M Arbous
- Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anna H E Roukens
- Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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42
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van Kampen MD, Kuipers-De Wilt LH, van Egmond ML, Reinders-Blankert P, van den Bremer ET, Wang G, Heck AJ, Parren PW, Beurskens FJ, Schuurman J, de Jong RN. Biophysical characterization and stability of modified IgG1 antibodies with different hexamerization propensities. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:1587-1598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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43
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Pongracz T, Vidarsson G, Wuhrer M. Antibody glycosylation in COVID-19. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:335-344. [PMID: 35091890 PMCID: PMC8799414 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAntibody glycosylation has received considerable attention in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections and recently also in vaccination. Antibody glycosylation and in particular immunoglobulin G1 fucosylation levels influence effector functions and are therefore key parameters for assessing the efficacy and safety of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) directed immune responses. This review article summarizes and interprets recent research into antibody glycosylation in COVID-19. Experimental approaches for analyzing the glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2-directed antibody responses are evaluated. The pronounced dynamics, effector functions, clinical utility, and regulation of antibody glycosylation in COVID-19 are assessed. Future research on the role of antibody glycosylation in COVID may cover the glycosylation of other antibody classes beyond immunoglobulin G, the regulation of antibody glycosylation, and the role of non-canonical antibody receptors in determining effector functions.
Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Pongracz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, UMC, University of Amsterdam, AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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44
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Zhong X, D’Antona AM, Scarcelli JJ, Rouse JC. New Opportunities in Glycan Engineering for Therapeutic Proteins. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:5. [PMID: 35076453 PMCID: PMC8788452 DOI: 10.3390/antib11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans as sugar polymers are important metabolic, structural, and physiological regulators for cellular and biological functions. They are often classified as critical quality attributes to antibodies and recombinant fusion proteins, given their impacts on the efficacy and safety of biologics drugs. Recent reports on the conjugates of N-acetyl-galactosamine and mannose-6-phosphate for lysosomal degradation, Fab glycans for antibody diversification, as well as sialylation therapeutic modulations and O-linked applications, have been fueling the continued interest in glycoengineering. The current advancements of the human glycome and the development of a comprehensive network in glycosylation pathways have presented new opportunities in designing next-generation therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhong
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Aaron M. D’Antona
- BioMedicine Design, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - John J. Scarcelli
- BioProcess R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA;
| | - Jason C. Rouse
- Analytical R&D, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Sciences, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA;
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45
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Falck D, Lechmann M, Momčilović A, Thomann M, Koeleman CAM, Jany C, Malik S, Wuhrer M, Reusch D. Clearance of therapeutic antibody glycoforms after subcutaneous and intravenous injection in a porcine model. MAbs 2022; 14:2145929. [PMID: 36383465 PMCID: PMC9673920 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2145929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A relatively low clearance is one of the prominent favorable features of immunoglobulin G1-based therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Various studies have observed differential clearance of mAb glycoforms, including oligomannose glycoforms, which are considered a critical quality attribute because they show higher clearance than complex type glycoforms. Glycoform clearance, however, has not previously been studied after subcutaneous injection or in a porcine model system. Here, we performed glycoform-resolved pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of two mAbs in Göttingen minipigs. We found glycoform effects on clearance to be largely the same for subcutaneous and intravenous injection and in line with observations in other species. Oligomannose glycoforms were cleared up to 25% faster and monoantennary glycoforms up to 8% faster than agalactosylated complex glycoforms. Sialylated glycoforms were cleared at approximately the same rate as fully galactosylated glycoforms. Importantly, we report here an impact of galactosylation on the PK of a mAb for the first time. Whether increased galactosylation led to slower or faster clearance seemed to depend on the overall glycosylation profile. When clearance of galactosylated glycoforms was slower, the mAb showed higher galactosylation in serum at maximum concentration after subcutaneous injection compared to both intravenous injection and the injected material. Whether this higher galactosylation after subcutaneous injection has consequences for therapeutic efficacy remains to be investigated. In conclusion, preferential clearance of antibody glycoforms can be simulated in the minipig model with intravenous as well as subcutaneous injections. Furthermore, we observed a glycoform bias in the absorption from skin into circulation after subcutaneous injection based on galactosylation.Abbreviations: AUC - area under the curve; CL/F - apparent clearance as a function of bioavailability following SC administration; Cmax - maximum serum concentration; CQA critical quality attribute; FcγR - Fc gamma receptor; IgG - immunoglobulin G; IV - intravenous; LC-MS - liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry; mAb - therapeutic monoclonal antibody; PK - pharmacokinetics; SC - subcutaneous; TMDD - target-mediated drug disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,CONTACT David Falck Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lechmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ana Momčilović
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Thomann
- Pharma Technical Development Europe, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Carolien A. M. Koeleman
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cordula Jany
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Malik
- Pharma Technical Development Europe, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Technical Development Europe, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
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46
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Tipping the balance: intricate roles of the complement system in disease and therapy. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:757-771. [PMID: 34698894 PMCID: PMC8547127 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00892-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the complement system to rapidly and broadly react to microbial intruders, apoptotic cells and other threats by inducing forceful elimination responses is indispensable for its role as host defense and surveillance system. However, the danger sensing versatility of complement may come at a steep price for patients suffering from various immune, inflammatory, age-related, or biomaterial-induced conditions. Misguided recognition of cell debris or transplants, excessive activation by microbial or damaged host cells, autoimmune events, and dysregulation of the complement response may all induce effector functions that damage rather than protect host tissue. Although complement has long been associated with disease, the prevalence, impact and complexity of complement’s involvement in pathological processes is only now becoming fully recognized. While complement rarely constitutes the sole driver of disease, it acts as initiator, contributor, and/or exacerbator in numerous disorders. Identifying the factors that tip complement’s balance from protective to damaging effects in a particular disease continues to prove challenging. Fortunately, however, molecular insight into complement functions, improved disease models, and growing clinical experience has led to a greatly improved understanding of complement’s pathological side. The identification of novel complement-mediated indications and the clinical availability of the first therapeutic complement inhibitors has also sparked a renewed interest in developing complement-targeted drugs, which meanwhile led to new approvals and promising candidates in late-stage evaluation. More than a century after its description, complement now has truly reached the clinic and the recent developments hold great promise for diagnosis and therapy alike.
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47
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Lippold S, Knaupp A, de Ru AH, Tjokrodirijo RTN, van Veelen PA, van Puijenbroek E, de Taeye SW, Reusch D, Vidarsson G, Wuhrer M, Schlothauer T, Falck D. Fc gamma receptor IIIb binding of individual antibody proteoforms resolved by affinity chromatography-mass spectrometry. MAbs 2021; 13:1982847. [PMID: 34674601 PMCID: PMC8726612 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1982847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystallizable fragment (Fc) of immunoglobulin G (IgG) activates key immunological responses by interacting with Fc gamma receptors (FcɣR). FcɣRIIIb contributes to neutrophil activation and is involved in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). These processes present important mechanisms-of-actions of therapeutic antibodies. The very low affinity of IgG toward FcɣRIIIb (KD ~ 10 µM) is a technical challenge for interaction studies. Additionally, the interaction is strongly dependent on IgG glycosylation, a major contributor to proteoform heterogeneity. We developed an affinity chromatography–mass spectrometry (AC-MS) assay for analyzing IgG-FcɣRIIIb interactions in a proteoform-resolved manner. This proved to be well suited to study low-affinity interactions. The applicability and selectivity of the method were demonstrated on a panel of nine different IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including no-affinity, low-affinity and high-affinity Fc-engineered or glycoengineered mAbs. Thereby, we could reproduce reported affinity rankings of different IgG glycosylation features and IgG subclasses. Additional post-translational modifications (IgG1 Met252 oxidation, IgG3 hinge-region O-glycosylation) showed no effect on FcɣRIIIb binding. Interestingly, we observed indications of an effect of the variable domain sequence on the Fc-binding that deserves further attention. Our new AC-MS method is a powerful tool for expanding knowledge on structure–function relationships of the IgG-FcɣRIIIb interaction. Hence, this assay may substantially improve the efficiency of assessing critical quality attributes of therapeutic mAbs with respect to an important aspect of neutrophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Lippold
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Knaupp
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Arnoud H de Ru
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rayman T N Tjokrodirijo
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Steven W de Taeye
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam Umc, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Technical Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam Umc, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tilman Schlothauer
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany.,Biological Technologies, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, USA
| | - David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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48
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Crowley AR, Osei-Owusu NY, Dekkers G, Gao W, Wuhrer M, Magnani DM, Reimann KA, Pincus SH, Vidarsson G, Ackerman ME. Biophysical Evaluation of Rhesus Macaque Fc Gamma Receptors Reveals Similar IgG Fc Glycoform Preferences to Human Receptors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:754710. [PMID: 34712242 PMCID: PMC8546228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.754710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhesus macaques are a common non-human primate model used in the evaluation of human monoclonal antibodies, molecules whose effector functions depend on a conserved N-linked glycan in the Fc region. This carbohydrate is a target of glycoengineering efforts aimed at altering antibody effector function by modulating the affinity of Fcγ receptors. For example, a reduction in the overall core fucose content is one such strategy that can increase antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity by increasing Fc-FcγRIIIa affinity. While the position of the Fc glycan is conserved in macaques, differences in the frequency of glycoforms and the use of an alternate monosaccharide in sialylated glycan species add a degree of uncertainty to the testing of glycoengineered human antibodies in rhesus macaques. Using a panel of 16 human IgG1 glycovariants, we measured the affinities of macaque FcγRs for differing glycoforms via surface plasmon resonance. Our results suggest that macaques are a tractable species in which to test the effects of antibody glycoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Crowley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Nana Yaw Osei-Owusu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Gillian Dekkers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wenda Gao
- Antagen Pharmaceuticals Inc., Boston, MA, United States
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Diogo M. Magnani
- Nonhuman Primate Reagent Resource, MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Keith A. Reimann
- Nonhuman Primate Reagent Resource, MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Seth H. Pincus
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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