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Shuklan P, Raj A, Chauhan K, Madan P, Rani S. Systematic Toxicity of Cypermethrin and Alterations in Behavior of Albino Rats. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:14766-14773. [PMID: 37125091 PMCID: PMC10134476 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of repeatedly orally administering cypermethrin (CYP) at different doses on the behavior, hematology, and histology of adult male and female albino rats for 1 month. For this, animals have divided into four different groups and each group contained 10 animals (5 males and 5 females). Group I served as a control group and groups II, III, and IV were represented as experimental groups and treated with CYP at doses of 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg body weight/day/rat, respectively. Through the behavioral results of this study, it was observed that cypermethrin intoxication causes dose-dependent moderate to high toxicity symptoms like vomiting, decreased food consumption, thick eye discharge, rolling, tremors, loss of coordination, tilted neck, and convulsion attacks. A significant reduction in body weight of high-dose (75 mg)-treated animals, especially in females, was noticed. Similarly, hematological data also revealed that CYP exposure caused a reduction in the level of Hb, RBC, WBC, neutrophil, and other blood indices such as PCV and MCV and an increase in the lymphocyte percentage in both male and female experimental groups. Microscopic observation stated that CYP produced infiltration of cells near the central vein, hepatocyte degeneration, congestion of the central and portal veins, hemorrhage, and necrosis in liver tissue. Shrinkage of the glomerulus, necrosis in the glomerulus and renal tubules, congestion of blood cells, and hemorrhage were seen in kidney tissue. The current study suggests that hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity due to cypermethrin exposure were more prominent in female rats.
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The effect of low doses of chlorpyrifos on blood and bone marrow cells in Wistar rats. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2022; 73:223-232. [PMID: 36226822 PMCID: PMC9837532 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic potential of low doses of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on blood and bone marrow cells in adult male Wistar rats. CPF was administered by oral gavage at daily doses of 0.010, 0.015, and 0.160 mg/kg of body weight (bw) for 28 consecutive days. Positive control (PC) was administered 300 mg/kg bw/day of ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) for the final three days of the experiment. Toxic outcomes of exposure were determined with the in vivo micronucleus (MN) assay and alkaline comet assay. The 28-day exposure to the 0.015 mg/kg CPF dose, which was three times higher than the current value of acute reference dose (ARfD), reduced body weight gain in rats the most. The in vivo MN assay showed significant differences in number of reticulocytes per 1000 erythrocytes between PC and negative control (NC) and between all control groups and the groups exposed to 0.015 and 0.160 mg/kg bw/day of CPF. The number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes per 2000 erythrocytes was significantly higher in the PC than the NC group or group exposed to 0.015 mg/kg bw/day of CPF. CPF treatment did not significantly increase primary DNA damage in bone marrow cells compared to the NC group. However, the damage in bone marrow cells of CPF-exposed rats was much higher than the one recorded in leukocytes, established in the previous research. Both assays proved to be successful for the assessment of CPFinduced genome instability in Wistar rats. However, the exact mechanisms of damage have to be further investigated and confirmed by other, more sensitive methods.
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Bonyadian M, Moeini E, Ebrahimnejad H, Askari N, Karimi I. The effect of iron sulfate nanoparticles and their fortified bread on Wistar rats and human cell lines. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 73:127005. [PMID: 35660563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferrous sulfate nanoparticles (FSNPs) were synthesized and characterized to mitigate the undesirable effects of ferrous sulfate bulk particles (FSBPs) as a supplement or fortificant in health/food industries. METHODS The toxicity of FSNPs and FSBPs was evaluated against AGS, PLC/PRF/5, and HGF1-PI 1 cell lines. Then, Wistar rats were fed three levels of FSNPs and FSBPs fortified-bread. Growth performance, hematological parameters, and histopathological changes in treated rats were assessed after 21 days. RESULTS High concentrations of FSNPs (3.125 and 6.25 mM) increased the necrosis of AGS cells. A low level of FSNPs (1.57 mM) did not affect the viability of cells after 72 h. Fibroblasts did not show apoptosis and necrosis after exposing 1.57 mM of FSNPs. In rats, 9 mg elemental iron of FSNPs/day enhanced hemoglobin, PCV, and ferritin values and increased the body weight gain (p < 0.05). FSNPs fortified-bread induced no clinical symptom or histopathological lesion in rats. CONCLUSION FSNPs affect cells in a dose-dependent manner. The results indicate that FSNPs at the low level do not have adverse effects on normal fibroblasts and rats. Significant weight gain in rats having a low level of FSNPs compared to the FSBPs indicates the negligible toxicity of FSNPs at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Bonyadian
- Department of Food Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Elahe Moeini
- Department of Food Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hadi Ebrahimnejad
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7616914111, Iran.
| | - Nahid Askari
- Research Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Sciences and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Iraj Karimi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Al-Emran M, Hasan NA, Khan MP, Islam SMM, Bashar A, Zulfahmi I, Shahjahan M, Sumon KA. Alterations in hematological parameters and the structure of peripheral erythrocytes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to profenofos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:29049-29061. [PMID: 34993795 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The burden of pesticide use from agricultural intensification lies in the fact that pesticides may end up in aquatic ecosystems and have pernicious effects on non-target organisms, including fish. Different blood biomarkers, including hemato-biochemical indices, erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA), and erythrocytic cellular abnormalities (ECA), were observed in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after exposure to varying sub-lethal concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% of 96-h LC50) of profenofos at different time intervals (7, 14, 21, and 28 days). The results revealed that glucose and white blood cell (WBC) levels significantly increased, while hemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC), and packed cell volume (PCV) significantly decreased in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Aberrant erythrocytic morphology-derived ENA, such as nuclear degeneration, micronuclear formation, binuclear development, nuclear budding, and karyopyknosis, significantly increased with time in profenofos-exposed groups compared to controls. Between the treatment and control groups, a significant execution was discerned for teardrop and fusion type ECA. For other cellular aberrations of erythrocytes, including elongated, twin, and spindle, a significant difference appeared only at the beginning of the experiment (day 7). This study concludes that the presence of widely used profenofos in aquatic systems has a pernicious effect on Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Al-Emran
- Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Neaz A Hasan
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Polash Khan
- Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - S M Majharul Islam
- Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Abul Bashar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Ilham Zulfahmi
- Department of Fisheries Resources Utilization, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Md Shahjahan
- Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Kizar Ahmed Sumon
- Department of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
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Djekkoun N, Depeint F, Guibourdenche M, El Khayat El Sabbouri H, Corona A, Rhazi L, Gay-Queheillard J, Rouabah L, Hamdad F, Bach V, Benkhalifa M, Khorsi-Cauet H. Chronic Perigestational Exposure to Chlorpyrifos Induces Perturbations in Gut Bacteria and Glucose and Lipid Markers in Female Rats and Their Offspring. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10030138. [PMID: 35324763 PMCID: PMC8949051 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An increasing burden of evidence is pointing toward pesticides as risk factors for chronic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, leading to metabolic syndrome. Our objective was to assess the impact of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on metabolic and bacteriologic markers. Female rats were exposed before and during gestation and during lactation to CPF (1 mg/kg/day). Outcomes such as weight, glucose and lipid profiles, as well as disturbances in selected gut bacterial levels, were measured in both the dams (at the end of the lactation period) and in their female offspring at early adulthood (60 days of age). The results show that the weight of CPF dams were lower compared to the other groups, accompanied by an imbalance in blood glucose and lipid markers, and selected gut bacteria. Intra-uterine growth retardation, as well as metabolic disturbances and perturbation of selected gut bacteria, were also observed in their offspring, indicating both a direct effect on the dams and an indirect effect of CPF on the female offspring. Co-treatment with inulin (a prebiotic) prevented some of the outcomes of the pesticide. Further investigations could help better understand if those perturbations mimic or potentiate nutritional risk factors for metabolic syndrome through high fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narimane Djekkoun
- PeriTox UMR_I 01 Laboratory, University Center for Health Research, CURS-UPJV, Picardy Jules Verne University, CEDEX 1, 80054 Amiens, France; (N.D.); (M.G.); (H.E.K.E.S.); (A.C.); (J.G.-Q.); (V.B.); (M.B.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of the Brothers Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine 2500, Algeria;
| | - Flore Depeint
- Transformations & Agro-Ressources ULR7519, Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle—Université d’Artois, 60026 Beauvais, France; (F.D.); (L.R.)
| | - Marion Guibourdenche
- PeriTox UMR_I 01 Laboratory, University Center for Health Research, CURS-UPJV, Picardy Jules Verne University, CEDEX 1, 80054 Amiens, France; (N.D.); (M.G.); (H.E.K.E.S.); (A.C.); (J.G.-Q.); (V.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Hiba El Khayat El Sabbouri
- PeriTox UMR_I 01 Laboratory, University Center for Health Research, CURS-UPJV, Picardy Jules Verne University, CEDEX 1, 80054 Amiens, France; (N.D.); (M.G.); (H.E.K.E.S.); (A.C.); (J.G.-Q.); (V.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Aurélie Corona
- PeriTox UMR_I 01 Laboratory, University Center for Health Research, CURS-UPJV, Picardy Jules Verne University, CEDEX 1, 80054 Amiens, France; (N.D.); (M.G.); (H.E.K.E.S.); (A.C.); (J.G.-Q.); (V.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Larbi Rhazi
- Transformations & Agro-Ressources ULR7519, Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle—Université d’Artois, 60026 Beauvais, France; (F.D.); (L.R.)
| | - Jerome Gay-Queheillard
- PeriTox UMR_I 01 Laboratory, University Center for Health Research, CURS-UPJV, Picardy Jules Verne University, CEDEX 1, 80054 Amiens, France; (N.D.); (M.G.); (H.E.K.E.S.); (A.C.); (J.G.-Q.); (V.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Leila Rouabah
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of the Brothers Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine 2500, Algeria;
| | - Farida Hamdad
- Center for Human Biology, CHU Amiens-Picardie, 80000 Amiens, France;
| | - Véronique Bach
- PeriTox UMR_I 01 Laboratory, University Center for Health Research, CURS-UPJV, Picardy Jules Verne University, CEDEX 1, 80054 Amiens, France; (N.D.); (M.G.); (H.E.K.E.S.); (A.C.); (J.G.-Q.); (V.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Moncef Benkhalifa
- PeriTox UMR_I 01 Laboratory, University Center for Health Research, CURS-UPJV, Picardy Jules Verne University, CEDEX 1, 80054 Amiens, France; (N.D.); (M.G.); (H.E.K.E.S.); (A.C.); (J.G.-Q.); (V.B.); (M.B.)
- Center for Human Biology, CHU Amiens-Picardie, 80000 Amiens, France;
| | - Hafida Khorsi-Cauet
- PeriTox UMR_I 01 Laboratory, University Center for Health Research, CURS-UPJV, Picardy Jules Verne University, CEDEX 1, 80054 Amiens, France; (N.D.); (M.G.); (H.E.K.E.S.); (A.C.); (J.G.-Q.); (V.B.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-322-827-896
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Ozturk Kurt B, Konukoglu D, Kalayci R, Ozdemir S. Investigation of the Protective Role of Selenium in the Changes Caused by Chlorpyrifos in Trace Elements, Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:228-237. [PMID: 33566284 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate compounds are the most widely employed insecticides in countries with high agriculture activity. On average, organophosphates cause 3 million people to poison and 200 000 deaths per year due to food chain or occupational, accidental, or suicidal exposure. Our study aimed to research selenium's protective role against the toxic action of CPF, one of the most commonly used organophosphates, with an experimental model formed with rats. A total of 56 male SD rats were distributed into seven groups as follows: control (tap water), sham (corn oil), group I (5.4 mg/kg CPF), group II (13.5 mg/kg CPF), group III (3 mg/kg Se), group IV (5.4 mg/kg CPF+Se), and group V (13.5 mg/kg CPF+Se). Following 6 weeks of oral exposure, there were significant changes in AChE activity, biochemical and hematological parameters, and trace element levels in CPF-treated rats. In the high-dose CPF group, RBC values, Hb, and Hct decreased, and values of WBC, AST, ALT, ALP increased (p < 0.001) significantly compared to control, sham, and Se groups. While there was no significant change in zinc level, the copper and selenium levels were significantly higher in group IV than in control (p < 0.001) and sham (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively) groups. Moreover, max. O.R.L. was found statistically more elevated in the high-dose CPF group compared to control, sham, and Se groups (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, and p < 0.01, respectively). All results indicated that Se is an antioxidant that reduces the toxic effects caused by CPF. Employing combinations of chlorpyrifos and selenium appeared greatly in restoring the harmful effects of CPF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Ozturk Kurt
- Department of Biophysics, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Dildar Konukoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rivaze Kalayci
- Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Ozdemir
- Department of Biophysics, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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El-Bahr SM, Elbakery AM, El-Gazzar N, Amin AA, Al-Sultan S, Alfattah MA, Shousha S, Alhojaily S, Shathele M, Sabeq II, Hamouda AF. Biosynthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles from Petroselinum crispum Leaf Extract Mitigate Lead-Acetate-Induced Anemia in Male Albino Rats: Hematological, Biochemical and Histopathological Features. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9060123. [PMID: 34072696 PMCID: PMC8227184 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) prepared from leaf extract of Petroselinum crispum compared to those prepared using a chemical method in lead-acetate-induced anemic rats. Twenty rats were divided into four groups (five rats each). Throughout the experimental period (8 weeks), the rats in group 1 were not given any therapy. The rats in groups 2, 3 and 4 were given 400 ppm lead acetate orally for 2 weeks to make them anemic. Following that, these rats were either left untreated, given 27 ppm of chemical IONPs orally or given 27 ppm of natural IONPs orally for the remaining 6 weeks of the experiment. TEM analysis indicated that the chemically and naturally prepared IONPs had sizes of 6.22–9.7 and 64–68 nm, respectively. Serum ferritin and iron concentrations were reduced, whereas the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), ALT, AST, urea and creatinine were significantly increased in the non-treated lead-acetate-induced anemic rats compared to those of the control. In addition, congestion, hemorrhage, necrosis, vacuolation and leukocytic infiltration in the kidneys, liver and spleen were observed in non-treated lead-acetate-induced anemic rats compared to the control. The effects of lead acetate were mitigated by IONPs, particularly the natural one. In conclusion, IONPs produced from Petroselinum crispum leaf extract can be used as an efficient and safe therapy in lead-acetate-induced anemic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabry M. El-Bahr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.); (S.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21523, Egypt
- Correspondence: or
| | - Amal M. Elbakery
- Department of Maize and Sugar Crop Disease Research, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Nashwa El-Gazzar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Aziza A. Amin
- Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt;
| | - Saad Al-Sultan
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Saad Shousha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.); (S.A.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt
| | - Sameer Alhojaily
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Mohammad Shathele
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Islam I. Sabeq
- Department of Food Control and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt;
| | - Ahlam F. Hamouda
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt;
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Santos AT, Valverde BSL, De Oliveira C, Franco-Belussi L. Genotoxic and melanic alterations in Lithobates catesbeianus (anura) tadpoles exposed to fipronil insecticide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:20072-20081. [PMID: 33405149 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11948-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic and morphological systemic effects of both an acute and a chronic exposure of bullfrog tadpoles to fipronil. Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles had morphological biomarkers (skin, liver, and blood) analyzed at Gosner stages 36-38, when exposed to four different concentrations of Regent® 800 WG (80% fipronil): 0.00 (control), 0.04, 0.08, 0.4 mg/L, and four experimental times: 4, 8, 12, and 16 days. Body darkness responded directly to the treatment and exposure time. There was a treatment-dependent decrease in darkness of heads and tails. In relation to the biometric analysis, fipronil induced a decrease in the individual weight and liver mass at the end of the experiments, whereas the hepatosomatic index did not vary according to the treatment. For the exposed animals and for the control group, the area of hepatic melanin increased as exposure time increased. Fipronil has genotoxic effects on L. catesbeianus tadpoles even after short exposure times (e.g., 4 and 8 days), and the main nuclear abnormality is in the anucleate cells. A relevant correlation was observed between genotoxic biomarkers and cutaneous and internal melanin. The frequency of nuclear abnormalities is inversely correlated both with the hepatic melanin area and with the cutaneous melanin of animals. Fipronil has distinct systemic effects on tadpoles based on its concentration, as well as on its exposure time. Such alterations (pigmentation level and rate of erythrocyte abnormality) result in morphological and physiological effects, which may compromise the behavior and survival of the anurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arleto T Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Campus São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno S L Valverde
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Campus São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Classius De Oliveira
- Departmento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Campus São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Lilian Franco-Belussi
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Saoudi M, Hmida IB, Kammoun W, Rebah FB, Jamoussi K, Feki AE. Protective effects of oil of Sardinella pilchardis against subacute chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress in female rats. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2018; 73:128-135. [PMID: 28394715 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2017.1317627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of Sardinella pilchardis oil and vitamin E against chlorpyrifos- (CPF-) induced liver, kidney, and brain oxidative damage in female rats. The rats were divided into 6 experimental groups: the control group, the group treated with fish oil, the group that received fish oil for 2 weeks and CPF orally for 7 days, the group treated only with CPF, the group treated with vitamin E for 2 weeks and CPF for 7 days, and the group treated with vitamin E. Oral exposure to CPF induced a significant increase in serum biochemical parameters; hepatic, kidney, and brain LPO; and a decrease in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. Fish oil or vitamin E decreased significantly the mentioned biochemical parameters as compared to rats treated with CPF alone. This study suggests that fish oil has an ameliorative effect for the alleviation of the oxidative damage induced by CPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mongi Saoudi
- a Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory , Sciences Faculty of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Ines Ben Hmida
- a Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory , Sciences Faculty of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Wassim Kammoun
- b Marine Biotechnology and Biodiversity Laboratory , INSTM of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Faouzi Ben Rebah
- c Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases , National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Kamel Jamoussi
- d Biochemistry Laboratory , CHU Hedi Chaker of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- a Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory , Sciences Faculty of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
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Khan MM, Moniruzzaman M, Mostakim GM, Khan MSR, Rahman MK, Islam MS. Aberrations of the peripheral erythrocytes and its recovery patterns in a freshwater teleost, silver barb exposed to profenofos. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:830-837. [PMID: 29248850 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to explicate the genotoxic effects of profenofos, an organophosphate insecticide, on the erythrocytes of silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus). Silver barb were exposed to a solution of 10% and 50% of lethal concentrations (LC50) of profenofos as sub-lethal concentrations at different days (1, 7, 15, and 30 d), along with a control (0% profenofos). Subsequent recovery patterns were assessed allowing the fish exposed to profenofos free water for the same period that they were exposed to profenofos. Our results revealed that with the progression of time and concentration, fish exposed to profenofos showed significantly (p < .05) higher level of erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA) such as micronuclei, bi-nuclei, degenerated nuclei, notched nuclei, nuclear bridge and nuclear buds, as well as erythrocytic cellular abnormalities (ECA) such as echinocytic, elongated, fusion, spindle, tear-drop and twin shaped cells. After exposure, the silver barb recovered spontaneously, and the abnormal erythrocytic parameters were normalized with a concentration- and duration-dependent fashion. Therefore, these abnormalities and their recovery can be used to assess the toxic levels of pesticides on aquatic organisms. There is great potential to use this technique as in vivo to predict susceptibility of aquatic animals to environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Mansura Khan
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Moniruzzaman
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Golam Mohammod Mostakim
- Department of Fisheries Biology & Aquatic Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Sadequr Rahman Khan
- Department of Marine Bioresources Science, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Md Khalilur Rahman
- Freshwater Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI), Mymensingh 2201, Bangladesh
| | - M Sadiqul Islam
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
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11
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Milošević MD, Paunović MG, Matić MM, Ognjanović BI, Saičić ZS. The ameliorating effects of selenium and vitamin C against fenitrothion-induced blood toxicity in Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 56:204-209. [PMID: 28961515 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fenitrothion is widely used organophosphate pesticide in agriculture and health programs, but besides, it causes several toxic effects. The present study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effects of selenium (0.5mg/kg b.w.) and vitamin C (100mg/kg b.w) on altered haematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in the blood of rats orally treated with fenitrothion (20mg/kg b.w) for 30days. Fenitrothion caused changes in body weight, food and water intake, and some haematological and biochemical parameters. Fenitrothion altered the glutathione redox status (GSH and GSSG) and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes (GSH-Px, GST, SOD and CAT), leading to a lipid peroxidation. Selenium and vitamin C, by improving the activity of antioxidants, reduced oxidative stress and a lipid peroxidation, maintaining the values of examined parameters to optimal levels. Therefore, selenium and vitamin C could be useful in providing protection of exposed non-target organisms including people from fenitrothion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija D Milošević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Milica G Paunović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Miloš M Matić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Branka I Ognjanović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Zorica S Saičić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
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12
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A mechanistic approach for modulation of chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity in human lymphocytes by melatonin, coenzyme Q10, and vinpocetine. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:839-50. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327115607945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Chlorpyrifos (CP) is an organophosphorus pesticide that induces oxidative stress through the production of free radicals and depletes intracellular antioxidant reserves. In this study, the efficacy of three antioxidants (melatonin, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and vinpocetine) on alleviation of toxic effects of CP was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Cytotoxicity of CP, in the presence or absence of effective doses of melatonin, CoQ10, and vinpocetine, was determined in human peripheral blood lymphocytes after 72-h exposure. The levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity along with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), as inflammatory index, were measured. Further, the viability and oxidative stress markers including cellular mitochondrial activity, cell death modes (apoptosis vs. necrosis), total antioxidant power (TAP), total thiol molecules (TTM), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured. Results: CoQ10 and also the combination of the three antioxidants were the most notable in opposing toxicity of CP and led to increasing TAP and TTM; improvement of AChE activity; and lowering LPO, MPO, TNF-α, and apoptosis compared to CP alone. Conclusion: CP toxicity overwhelms the intracellular antioxidant defense mechanisms. Exogenous supplementation with antioxidants, such as the ones we have investigated, seems to be effective in the prevention of cytotoxicity of CP.
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13
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Navaei-Nigjeh M, Asadi H, Baeeri M, Pedram S, Rezvanfar MA, Mohammadirad A, Abdollahi M. In vitro protection of human lymphocytes from toxic effects of chlorpyrifos by selenium-enriched medicines. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 18:284-91. [PMID: 25945242 PMCID: PMC4414995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chlorpyrifos (CP) is a broad-spectrum organophosphorus pesticide used extensively in agricultural and domestic pest control, accounting for 50% of the global insecticidal use. In the present study, protective effects of two selenium-enriched strong antioxidative medicines IMOD and Angipars were examined in human lymphocytes treated with CP in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolated lymphocytes were exposed to 12 µg/ml CP either alone or in combination with effective doses (ED50) of IMOD (0.2 µg/ml) and Angipars (1 µg/ml). After 3 days incubation, the viability and oxidative stress markers including cellular lipid peroxidation (LPO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), total thiol molecules (TTM), and total antioxidant power (TAP) were evaluated. Also, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as inflammatory index along with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and cell apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Results indicated that effective doses of IMOD and Angipars reduced CP-exposed lymphocyte mortality rate along with oxidative stress. Both agents restored CP-induced elevation of TNF-α and protected the lymphocytes from CP-induced apoptosis and necrosis. CONCLUSION Overall, results confirm that IMOD and Angipars reduce the toxic effects associated with CP through free radical scavenging and protection from apoptosis and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Navaei-Nigjeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Asadi
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Center and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Pedram
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Center and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Rezvanfar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mohammadirad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Toxicology and Poisoning Research Center and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,*Corresponding author: Mohammad Abdollahi. Toxicology and Poisoning Research Center, and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ;
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14
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Nwani CD, Agrawal ND, Raghuvanshi S, Jaswal A, Shrivastava S, Sinha N, Onyishi G, Shukla S. Toxicological effects of carbosulfan in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2015; 32:1335-43. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233714564243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbosulfan is often used in agriculture for pest control on crops and for treatment against pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes. This study investigated the impact of carbosulfan on oxidative stress markers, antioxidant defense, hematological, biochemical, and enzymological parameters in Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were orally administered carbosulfan doses of 1.02 to 10.20 mg/kg body weight daily; after 96 h, blood samples were taken, and the liver, kidney, and brain were dissected out for study. Results indicate that carbosulfan significantly increased the levels of lipid peroxidation and suppressed the activity of reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and adenosine triphosphatase. A mixed trend was observed in the activity of superoxide dismutase, while an increase was observed in the levels of serum uric acid, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. Hemoglobin and albumin levels decreased but no significant differences were observed in creatinine and bilirubin levels. Future studies should include a more detailed analysis of the effects of chronic carbosulfan exposure on these biomarkers to further assess the impact of the pesticide on mammalian models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Didigwu Nwani
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- UNESCO Trace Elements Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Narottam Das Agrawal
- UNESCO Trace Elements Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Suchita Raghuvanshi
- UNESCO Trace Elements Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Amita Jaswal
- UNESCO Trace Elements Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sadhana Shrivastava
- UNESCO Trace Elements Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Neelu Sinha
- UNESCO Trace Elements Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Grace Onyishi
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Sangeeta Shukla
- UNESCO Trace Elements Satellite Centre, School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
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15
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Dundar ZD, Ergin M, Koylu R, Ozer R, Cander B, Gunaydin YK. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in patients with pesticide poisoning. J Emerg Med 2014; 47:286-93. [PMID: 24958695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2014.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticides are highly toxic to human beings, and pesticide poisoning is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The identification of powerful prognostic markers is important for the management of patients with pesticide poisoning in emergency settings. OBJECTIVE To investigate the prognostic value of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and hematological parameters measured in patients with pesticide poisoning within the first 24 h after admission to the emergency department (ED). METHODS All patients (≥15 years old) admitted to the ED from July 2008 through February 2013 due to pesticide poisoning were enrolled in the study. The written and electronic medical charts of patients were reviewed. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio were calculated for each patient using absolute neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts. Mechanical ventilation requirement and mortality were used as the primary endpoints. RESULTS A total of 189 patients were included in the study. The mechanically ventilated patients had significantly higher leukocyte and neutrophil counts, and neutrophil-lymphocyte and platelet-lymphocyte ratios (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.003, respectively), whereas they had significantly lower lymphocyte counts compared to nonventilated patients (p = 0.011). Survivors had significantly higher leukocyte and neutrophil counts, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively), whereas there was no significant difference between groups in terms of lymphocyte counts (p = 0.463), compared to nonsurvivors. CONCLUSION Leukocyte counts, neutrophil counts, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios measured within the first 24 h after admission to the ED are useful and easy-to-use parameters for estimating prognosis in the follow-up of patients with pesticide poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerrin Defne Dundar
- Emergency Medicine Department, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ergin
- Emergency Medicine Department, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Koylu
- Emergency Medicine Clinic, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Rasit Ozer
- Emergency Medicine Department, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Basar Cander
- Emergency Medicine Department, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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16
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Hussain R, Khan A, Mahmood F, Rehan S, Ali F. Clinico-hematological and tissue changes induced by butachlor in male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 109:58-63. [PMID: 24581384 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present experiment was executed to determine the pathological effects induced by concurrent feeding of butachlor (chloroacetanilide herbicide) in male Japanese quail. For this purpose mature male quail about 4-5weeks of age were procured from the local market and randomly divided into six equal groups (A-F). Butachlor was mixed in corn oil and administered orally for 30days using crop tube. Four birds from each group were killed at day 10, 20 and 30 of the experiment and blood was collected with and without anticoagulant. The birds in groups (A-D) did not reveal any clinical and behavioral alterations. Clinical signs like watery droppings, dullness, ruffled feather, depression, decrease frequency of crowing, mounting with pen mates and foam production were observed. Maximum intensity of these clinical signs and behavioral alterations were observed in group F throughout the experiment. Significant lower values of erythrocytes, hematocrit percent and hemoglobin were recorded. Significantly increased numbers of erythrocytes with micronuclei, lobed and notched nuclei were observed. Histopathologically, enlarged intertubular space, fewer numbers of round spermatids, necrotic spermatids and admixture of dead spermatids were observed in testes. The results revealed significant increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and urea concentrations. The results of present experimental study indicated that butachlor induces hematobiochemical and testicular changes in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riaz Hussain
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63000, Pakistan.
| | - Ahrar Khan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Fazal Mahmood
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Sarmad Rehan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Farah Ali
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63000, Pakistan
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