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Chen B, Zhao L, Yang R, Xu T. The recent advancements of ferroptosis in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of ovarian cancer. Front Genet 2023; 14:1275154. [PMID: 38028615 PMCID: PMC10665572 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1275154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer affects the female reproductive system and is the primary cause of cancer related mortality globally. The imprecise and non-specific nature of ovarian cancer symptoms often results in patients being diagnosed at an advanced stage, with metastatic lesions extending beyond the ovary. This presents a significant clinical challenge and imposes a substantial economic burden on both patients and society. Despite advancements in surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, the prognosis for most patients with ovarian cancer remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, the development of novel treatment strategies is imperative. Ferroptosis, a distinct form of regulated cell death, characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, differs from autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis, and may hold promise as a novel cell death. Numerous studies have demonstrated the involvement of ferroptosis in various conventional signaling pathways and biological processes. Recent investigations have revealed the significant contribution of ferroptosis in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of diverse malignant tumors, including ovarian cancer. Moreover, ferroptosis exhibits a synergistic effect with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy in restraining the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. The aforementioned implies that ferroptosis holds considerable importance in the management of ovarian cancer and has the potential to serve as a novel therapeutic target. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of the salient features of ferroptosis, encompassing its underlying mechanisms and functional role in ovarian cancer, along with the associated signaling pathways and genes. Furthermore, the review highlights the prospective utility of ferroptosis in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tianmin Xu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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2
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Mashiko T, Ogasawara T, Masuoka Y, Ei S, Takahashi S, Hirabayashi K, Mori M, Koyanagi K, Yamamoto S, Nakagohri T. Prognostic Impact of Positive Peritoneal Lavage Cytology on Resectable Pancreatic Body and Tail Cancer: A Retrospective Study. World J Surg 2023; 47:729-739. [PMID: 36357802 PMCID: PMC9895002 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-022-06818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic impact of positive peritoneal lavage cytology on pancreatic cancer is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate its impact in resectable pancreatic body and tail cancer. METHODS Between January 2006 and December 2019, 97 patients with pancreatic body and tail cancer underwent peritoneal lavage cytology and curative resection at our institution. We analyzed the impact of positive peritoneal lavage cytology on clinicopathological factors and on the prognosis of pancreatic body and tail cancer. RESULTS Malignant cells were detected in 14 patients (14.4%) using peritoneal lavage cytology. In these patients, the tumor diameter was significantly larger (p < 0.001) and anterior serosal invasion (p = 0.034), splenic artery invasion (p = 0.013), lympho-vessel invasion (p = 0.025), and perineural invasion (p = 0.008) were significantly more frequent. The R1 resection rate was also significantly higher in patients with positive peritoneal lavage cytology than in negative patients (p = 0.015). Positive peritoneal lavage cytology had a significantly poor impact on overall survival (p = 0.001) and recurrence-free survival (p < 0.001). This cytology was also an independent poor prognostic factor for recurrence (p = 0.022) and was associated with peritoneal dissemination and liver metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Positive peritoneal lavage cytology is considered to be indicative of more systemic disease in patients with resectable pancreatic body and tail cancer than in patients with negative peritoneal lavage cytology. Early detection of pancreatic cancer before it develops micrometastases is important to improve prognosis, and CY+ patients require more intensive multimodality treatment than standard treatment for resectable pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Mashiko
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193 Japan
| | - Toshihito Ogasawara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193 Japan
| | - Yoshihito Masuoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193 Japan
| | - Shigenori Ei
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193 Japan
| | - Kenichi Hirabayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630, Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193 Japan
| | - Kazuo Koyanagi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193 Japan
| | - Seiichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193 Japan
| | - Toshio Nakagohri
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193 Japan
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Wu Y, Gu W, Han X, Jin Z. LncRNA PVT1 promotes the progression of ovarian cancer by activating TGF-β pathway via miR-148a-3p/AGO1 axis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8229-8243. [PMID: 34288373 PMCID: PMC8419181 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a lethal gynaecologic malignancy with poor diagnosis and prognosis. The long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation1 (PVT1) and argonaute 1 (AGO1) are associated with carcinogenesis and chemoresistance; however, the relationship between PVT1 and AGO1 and the downstream mechanisms in ovarian cancer remains poorly known. PVT1 and AGO1 expression was assessed through RT-qPCR and Western blotting in both human tissues and cell lines. The viability and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells were determined by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay in vitro and immunohistochemistry in vivo. Cell invasion and migration were investigated through transwell and wound-healing assays. The roles and mechanisms of AGO1 on cell functions were further probed via gain- and loss-of-function analysis. We reveal that PVT1 expression was significantly increased in ovarian cancer tissues which is associated with advanced FIGO stage, lymph-node metastasis, poor survival rate, and high expression of AGO1. PVT1 or AGO1 knockdown significantly reduced the cell viability and increased the cell apoptosis and inhibited ovarian tumour growth and proliferation. Furthermore, we discovered that PVT1 up-regulated the expression of AGO1 and thus regulated the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway to promote ovarian cancer progression through sponging miR-148a-3p. Additionally, the activation of ERK1/2, smad2 and smad4 is observed to be related to the PVT1/miR-148a-3p/AGO1/TGF-β pathway-induced cascades. Taken together, the present study reveals that PVT1/miR-148a/AGO1 axis plays an important role in the progression of ovarian cancer and emphasize the potential as a target of value for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyChangzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wenqian Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyChangzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyChangzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhijun Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyChangzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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Ethanol Extracts of Solanum lyratum Thunb Regulate Ovarian Cancer Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) via the ROS-Mediated p53 Pathway. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:5569354. [PMID: 33869638 PMCID: PMC8035038 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5569354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a type of common gynecological tumors with high incidence and poor survival. The anticancer effects of the traditional Chinese medicine Solanum lyratum Thunb (SLT) have been intensively investigated in various cancers but in ovarian cancer is rare. The current study is aimed at investigating the effect of SLT on ovarian cancer cells. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and MTT assays indicated that SLT concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5 μg/mL were not cytotoxic and had significant inhibitory effects on the cell viabilities of A2780 and SKOV3 cells, hence were used for subsequent experiments. Flow cytometric and western blot analysis revealed that SLT effectively suppressed ovarian cancer cell proliferation via inducing cell cycle arrest and increasing apoptosis. Cell cycle and apoptosis-related protein expressions were also regulated in SLT-treated cells. Moreover, DCFH-DA and western blot assays demonstrated that SLT enhanced ROS accumulation and subsequently activated the p53 signaling pathway. However, SLT-regulated ovarian cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and EMT were significantly reversed by an ROS inhibitor (NAC, N-acetyl-L-cysteine). Furthermore, A2780 and SKOV3 cells cocultured with M0 macrophages showed that SLT activated the polarization of M0 macrophages to M1 macrophages and inhibited the polarization to M2 macrophages, with the increased percentage of CD86+ cells and decreased percentage of CD206+ cells were detected. In summary, this study illustrated the anticancer effects of SLT on ovarian cancer cells, suggesting that SLT may have the potential to provide basic evidence for the discovery of antiovarian cancer agents.
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Wu Y, Gao J, Liu X. Deregulation of angiopoietin-like 4 slows ovarian cancer progression through vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 phosphorylation. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:171. [PMID: 33726754 PMCID: PMC7968256 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a tissue-specific proangiogenic or antiangiogenic agent, angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) has recently gained attention in many diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, the roles of ANGPTL4 in angiogenesis and tumor growth in epithelial ovarian cancer, the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To identify a novel mechanism of ANGPTL4 inhibition in epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS Western blot, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and immunofluorescence analyses were applied to evaluate ANGPTL4 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were investigated through 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation, CCK-8 and Transwell assays. The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins in ovarian cancer cells and tumor-bearing mice was evaluated. CD31 staining was used to identify tumor angiogenesis. Immunoprecipitation was performed to examine the regulatory relationship between ANGPTL4 and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)/vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin/Src complex. VEGFR2 phosphorylation at Y949 and VE-cadherin expression were assessed by western blotting. Inactivation of VEGFR2 Y949 phosphorylation was achieved in a MISIIR-TAg VEGFR2Y949F/Y949F mouse model. RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that ANGPTL4 was overexpressed in A2780 and CAOV3 ovarian cancer cells. In vitro assays indicated that inhibition of ANGPTL4 by lentiviral small interfering RNA does not alter ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT, while ANGPTL4 silencing exhibited significant inhibitory effects on tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis in vivo. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that suppression of ANGPTL4 was accompanied by dissociation of the VEGFR2/VE-cadherin/Src complex and phosphorylation of VEGFR2 Y949 in A2780 and CAOV3 ovarian tumors. Inactivation of VEGFR2 Y949 phosphorylation in MISIIR-TAg VEGFR2Y949F/Y949F mice abolished all tumor-suppressive effects of ANGPTL4 inhibition in spontaneous ovarian carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results indicate that ANGPLT4 silencing delays tumor progression in specific types of ovarian cancer and may be a potential target for individualized treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jinghai Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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Rajina S, Kim WJ, Shim JH, Chun KS, Joo SH, Shin HK, Lee SY, Choi JS. Isolinderalactone Induces Cell Death via Mitochondrial Superoxide- and STAT3-Mediated Pathways in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7530. [PMID: 33066004 PMCID: PMC7589373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate of ovarian cancer (OC) worldwide increases with age. OC is an often fatal cancer with a curative rate of only 20-30%, as symptoms often appear after disease progression. Studies have reported that isolinderalactone (ILL), a furanosesquiterpene derivative extracted from the dried root of Lindera aggregata, can inhibit several cancer cell lines' growth. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ILL activities in human OC cells remain unexplored. This study investigated the antitumor activities of ILL in human OC cells by inducing mitochondrial superoxide (mtSO) and JAK-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-dependent cell death. ILL caused cell death in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells and increased the cell proportion in the subG1 phase. Additionally, ILL significantly induced mtSO production and reduced ROS production. Moreover, ILL downregulated mitochondrial membrane potential and the expression levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins and superoxide dismutase (SOD)2. Results showed that ILL decreased phosphorylation of serine 727 and tyrosine 705 of STAT3 and expression of survivin, a STAT3-regulated gene. Furthermore, ILL-induced cell death was reversed by pretreatment of Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondria-specific antioxidant. These results suggest that ILL induces cell death by upregulation of mtSO, downregulation of mitochondrial SOD2, and inactivation of the STAT3-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakya Rajina
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk 38430, Korea; (S.R.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Woo Jean Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan 49267, Korea;
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea;
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea;
| | - Sang Hoon Joo
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk 38430, Korea; (S.R.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Korea;
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Korea
| | - Seo-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk 38430, Korea; (S.R.); (S.H.J.)
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Lin CC, Chi JT. Ferroptosis of epithelial ovarian cancer: genetic determinants and therapeutic potential. Oncotarget 2020; 11:3562-3570. [PMID: 33062192 PMCID: PMC7533070 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (OVCA) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer. Current treatment for OVCA involves surgical debulking of the tumors followed by combination chemotherapies. While most patients achieve complete remission, many OVCA will recur and develop chemo-resistance. Whereas recurrent OVCA may be treated by angiogenesis inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, or immunotherapies, the clinical outcomes of recurrence OVCA are still unsatisfactory. One new promising anti-tumor strategy is ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death featured by lipid peroxidation. In this review, we have summarized several recent studies on the ferroptosis of OVCA. Also, we summarize our current understanding of various genetic determinants of ferroptosis and their underlying mechanisms in OVCA. Furthermore, ferroptosis can be combined with other standard cancer therapeutics, which has shown synergistic effects. Therefore, such a combination of therapeutics could lead to new therapeutic strategies to improve the response rate and overcome resistance. By understanding the genetic determinants and underlying mechanisms, ferroptosis may have significant therapeutic potential to improve the clinical outcome of women with OVCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Chieh Lin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Wen KC, Sung PL, Wu ATH, Chou PC, Lin JH, Huang CYF, Yeung SCJ, Lee MH. Neoadjuvant metformin added to conventional chemotherapy synergizes anti-proliferative effects in ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:95. [PMID: 32825834 PMCID: PMC7442990 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women. Complete cytoreductive surgery followed by platinum-taxene chemotherapy has been the gold standard for a long time. Various compounds have been assessed in an attempt to combine them with conventional chemotherapy to improve survival rates or even overcome chemoresistance. Many studies have shown that an antidiabetic drug, metformin, has cytotoxic activity in different cancer models. However, the synergism of metformin as a neoadjuvant formula plus chemotherapy in clinical trials and basic studies remains unclear for ovarian cancer. Methods We applied two clinical databases to survey metformin use and ovarian cancer survival rate. The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, an L1000 microarray with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis, Western blot analysis and an animal model were used to study the activity of the AKT/mTOR pathway in response to the synergistic effects of neoadjuvant metformin combined with chemotherapy. Results We found that ovarian cancer patients treated with metformin had significantly longer overall survival than patients treated without metformin. The protein profile induced by low- concentration metformin in ovarian cancer predominantly involved the AKT/mTOR pathway. In combination with chemotherapy, the neoadjuvant metformin protocol showed beneficial synergistic effects in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions This study shows that neoadjuvant metformin at clinically relevant dosages is efficacious in treating ovarian cancer, and the results can be used to guide clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chang Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Lin Sung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huei-Sheng Clinic, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Alexander T H Wu
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chieh Chou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Division of Basic Science Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jun-Hung Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying F Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Sai-Ching J Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Mong-Hong Lee
- Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 26 Yuancun Erheng Rd, Guangzhou, 510655, P.R. China.
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Xi S, Li Z, Guo Q, Lin W, Liang X, Ma L. Prognostic Factors among Brain Metastases in Newly Diagnosed Ovary Cancer: A Large Real-world Study. J Cancer 2020; 11:4625-4640. [PMID: 32489480 PMCID: PMC7255353 DOI: 10.7150/jca.44494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Population-based data on the prognosis of brain metastases at initial diagnosis of ovary cancer (OCBM) are currently lacking. Besides, the effective treatment for OCBM patients is still controversial now. The study aimed to explore the prognostic factors among OCBM. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the OCBM patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) database of the National Cancer Institute to investigate predictors of the presence of OCBM and its' prognostic factors related to all-cause mortality. We employed multivariable logistic and Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, to minimize the impact of potential confounding factors, we conducted a 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. Results: A total of 29,512 cases of OC patients entered into the study, including 89 patients with brain metastases of ovarian cancer, which accounted for 0.30% of the entire cohort and 12.02% of the metastatic disease subset. We identified eight factors, including laterality, histology, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and extracranial metastatic sites to bone, liver, and lung, as predictors of OCBM based on multivariable logistic regression among the entire cohort. The median survival time of OCBM was 2.0 months, and the interquartile range was 2.0-10.0 mo. The patients who received comprehensive treatment had better prognosis. Based on the multivariable Cox model, marital status, surgery, chemotherapy, and extensive therapy (including RSC, SC, and RC) were identified as predictors of OS. Besides, a new factor (brain metastasis) was identified by 1:1 PSM -based multiple Cox regression, apart from the above prognostic factors for OS. Conclusions: This study provided a population-based estimate of the proportion and prognosis for newly diagnosed ovary cancer with brain metastases. These findings may add materials to guidelines for preliminary screening and optimal treatment of OCBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Xi
- The Reproductive Medical Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zaiyi Li
- The Reproductive Medical Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Quan Guo
- Department of gynaechology, Shengjing Hospital Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenjing Lin
- The Reproductive Medical Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xiaokun Liang
- Shenzhen Colleges of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055 China
| | - Lin Ma
- The Reproductive Medical Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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10
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Yang WH, Huang Z, Wu J, Ding CKC, Murphy SK, Chi JT. A TAZ-ANGPTL4-NOX2 Axis Regulates Ferroptotic Cell Death and Chemoresistance in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:79-90. [PMID: 31641008 PMCID: PMC6942206 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic cancer. Despite recent advances, clinical outcomes remain poor, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. To investigate metabolic susceptibility, we performed nutrigenetic screens on a panel of clear cell and serous ovarian cancer cells and identified cystine addiction and vulnerability to ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death. Our results may have therapeutic potential, but little is known about the determinants of ferroptosis susceptibility in ovarian cancer. We found that vulnerability to ferroptosis in ovarian cancer cells is enhanced by lower cell confluency. Because the Hippo pathway effectors Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are recognized as sensors of cell density, and TAZ is the predominant effector in the tested ovarian cancer cell lines, we investigated the role of TAZ in ferroptosis of ovarian cancer. TAZ removal confers ferroptosis resistance, while TAZS89A overexpression sensitizes cells to ferroptosis. In addition, we found that lower TAZ level in chemo-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer is responsible for reduced ferroptosis susceptibility. The integrative genomic analysis identified ANGPTL4 as a direct TAZ-regulated target gene that sensitizes ferroptosis by activating NOX2. Collectively, cell density-regulated ferroptosis in ovarian cancer is mediated by TAZ through the regulation of the ANGPTL4-NOX2 axis, suggesting therapeutic potentials for ovarian cancers and other TAZ-activated tumors. IMPLICATIONS: This study reveals that TAZ promotes ferroptosis in ovarian cancers by regulating ANGPTL4 and NOX, offering a novel therapeutic potential for ovarian tumors with TAZ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jianli Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Chien-Kuang C Ding
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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Cho H, Jammalamadaka U, Tappa K, Egbulefu C, Prior J, Tang R, Achilefu S. 3D Printing of Poloxamer 407 Nanogel Discs and Their Applications in Adjuvant Ovarian Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:552-560. [PMID: 30608705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanogels are attractive biocompatible materials that enable local delivery of multiple drugs. In this study, we demonstrated that 3D printing technology could be used to precisely construct nanogel discs carrying paclitaxel and rapamycin. 3D-printed nanogel disc rounds (12 mm diameter × 1 mm thickness) carrying paclitaxel and rapamycin evaded premature gelation during storage and the initial burst release of the drugs in the dissolution medium. In vivo 3D-printed nanogel discs permitted successful intraperitoneal delivery of paclitaxel and rapamycin in ES-2-luc ovarian-cancer-bearing xenograft mice. They were also shown to be therapeutically effective and capable of preventing postsurgical peritoneal adhesions in the treated xenograft mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunah Cho
- School of Pharmacy and Heath Sciences , Fairleigh Dickinson University , Florham Park , New Jersey 07932 , United States
| | - Udayabhanu Jammalamadaka
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Karthik Tappa
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Christopher Egbulefu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Julie Prior
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Rui Tang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , Missouri 63110 , United States
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12
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Lee K, Kim S, Lee H. Orostachys japonicus induce p53-dependent cell cycle arrest through the MAPK signaling pathway in OVCAR-3 human ovarian cancer cells. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:2395-2401. [PMID: 30510740 PMCID: PMC6261214 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Orostachys japonicus (O. japonicus) is utilized as a traditional medicine for patients with various diseases. This study investigated the effect of the ethyl acetate fraction from O. japonicus extract (OJE) on the growth inhibition of OVCAR-3 human ovarian cancer cells demonstrated to inhibit cell growth and arrest the cell cycle in OVCAR-3 cells by blocking the sub-G1 phase and decreasing cyclin E1/CDK2 expression. Cell cycle arrest was connected to the increased expression of the cell cycle regulating factors p53 and p21. Apoptosis was initiated through the intrinsic pathway by up-regulating the expression of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and down-regulating the expression of pro-caspase-3. Furthermore, OJE treatment elicited p-p38 activation and p-ERK1/2 inhibition. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that OJE reduced the growth of OVCAR-3 human ovarian cancer cells mediated by arrest of the cell cycle and regulation of MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung‐Sun Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life SciencesGraduate SchoolKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Suhng‐Wook Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life SciencesGraduate SchoolKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Hyeong‐Seon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory ScienceJungwon UniversityGoesanChungbukKorea
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13
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Combination of Metformin and Chemotherapy Decreases the Recurrence Rates of Epithelial Ovarian Cancers: A Randomized Clinical Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.11621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Earp MA, Raghavan R, Li Q, Dai J, Winham SJ, Cunningham JM, Natanzon Y, Kalli KR, Hou X, Weroha SJ, Haluska P, Lawrenson K, Gayther SA, Wang C, Goode EL, Fridley BL. Characterization of fusion genes in common and rare epithelial ovarian cancer histologic subtypes. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46891-46899. [PMID: 28423358 PMCID: PMC5564530 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene fusions play a critical role in some cancers and can serve as important clinical targets. In epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), the contribution of fusions, especially by histological type, is unclear. We therefore screened for recurrent fusions in a histologically diverse panel of 220 EOCs using RNA sequencing. The Pipeline for RNA-Sequencing Data Analysis (PRADA) was used to identify fusions and allow for comparison with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) tumors. Associations between fusions and clinical prognosis were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Nine recurrent fusions, defined as occurring in two or more tumors, were observed. CRHR1-KANSL1 was the most frequently identified fusion, identified in 6 tumors (2.7% of all tumors). This fusion was not associated with survival; other recurrent fusions were too rare to warrant survival analyses. One recurrent in-frame fusion, UBAP1-TGM7, was unique to clear cell (CC) EOC tumors (in 10%, or 2 of 20 CC tumors). We found some evidence that CC tumors harbor more fusions on average than any other EOC histological type, including high-grade serous (HGS) tumors. CC tumors harbored a mean of 7.4 fusions (standard deviation [sd] = 7.4, N = 20), compared to HGS EOC tumors mean of 2.0 fusions (sd = 3.3, N = 141). Few fusion genes were detected in endometrioid tumors (mean = 0.24, sd = 0.74, N = 55) or mucinous tumors (mean = 0.25, sd = 0.5, N = 4) tumors. To conclude, we identify one fusion at 10% frequency in the CC EOC subtype, but find little evidence for common (> 5% frequency) recurrent fusion genes in EOC overall, or in HGS subtype-specific EOC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalene A Earp
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rama Raghavan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, KS, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, KS, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Junqiang Dai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, KS, USA
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yanina Natanzon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Xiaonan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S John Weroha
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Paul Haluska
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kate Lawrenson
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Translational Genomics, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, KS, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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15
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Shuang T, Wang M, Zhou Y, Shi C, Wang D. NF-κB1, c-Rel, and ELK1 inhibit miR-134 expression leading to TAB1 upregulation in paclitaxel-resistant human ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24853-24868. [PMID: 28206956 PMCID: PMC5421894 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which the transcription factors inhibit the miRNA expression in ovarian cancer chemoresistance is unclear. The present study investigated the mechanism underlying the transcriptional repression of miR-134 in chemoresistant serous epithelial ovarian cancer. The results demonstrate that NF-κB1, c-Rel, and ELK1 are involved as transcription factors in repressing miR-134 expression in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Knockdown of these transcription factors led to increased miR-134 expression, resulting in increased apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in SKOV3-TR30 cells. NF-κB1, c-Rel, and ELK1 mRNA expression was upregulated in chemoresistant specimens and negatively correlated with miR-134 expression. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that high nuclear expressions of NF-κB1, c-Rel, ELK1 were significantly associated with short survival in serous epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Finally, TAB1 was identified as a functional target of miR-134, and the expression of TAB1 was increased by the transcription factors of NF-κB1, c-Rel, and ELK1 via miR-134. Taken together, these results provide an insight into the mechanism of repressed miR-134 expression in chemoresistance of serous epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710033, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Cong Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
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16
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Iyengar M, O’Hayer P, Cole A, Sebastian T, Yang K, Coffman L, Buckanovich RJ. CDK4/6 inhibition as maintenance and combination therapy for high grade serous ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:15658-15672. [PMID: 29644000 PMCID: PMC5884655 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a disease with a high relapse rate and poor overall survival despite good initial responses to platinum-based therapy. Cell cycle inhibition with targeted CDK4/6 inhibitors is a new therapeutic approach showing promise as a maintenance therapy in cancer. As multiple genes in the CDK4/6 pathway are commonly mutated or dysregulated in ovarian cancer, we evaluated the efficacy of the CDK4/6 inhibitor Ribociclib alone, in combination with chemotherapy, and as maintenance therapy in several models of HGSOC. Ribociclib restricted cellular proliferation in multiple ovarian cancer cell lines. Restricted proliferation was associated with a pseudo-senescent cellular phenotype; Ribociclib-treated cells expressed markers of senescence, but could rapidly re-enter the cell cycle with discontinuation of therapy. Surprisingly, concurrent Ribociclib and cisplatin therapy followed by Ribociclib maintenance was synergistic. Evaluation of the cell cycle suggested that Ribociclib may also act at the G2/M check point via dephosphorylation of ATR and CHK1. Consistent with this mechanism, Ribociclib demonstrated clear activity in both platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive tumor models in vivo. This work supports clinical trials using Ribociclib in combination with cisplatin and as a maintenance therapy in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Iyengar
- University of Michigan, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- University of Michigan, Medical Scientist Training Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Patrick O’Hayer
- University of Michigan, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- University of Michigan, Medical Scientist Training Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alex Cole
- University of Michigan, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tara Sebastian
- University of Michigan, School of Literature, Science and the Arts, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- University of Michigan, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lan Coffman
- University of Michigan, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ronald J. Buckanovich
- University of Michigan, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Magee Women’s Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Internal Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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17
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Ring BZ, Murali R, Soslow RA, Bowtell DDL, Fereday S, deFazio A, Traficante N, Kennedy CJ, Brand A, Sharma R, Harnett P, Samimi G. Transducin-Like Enhancer of Split 3 (TLE3) Expression Is Associated with Taxane Sensitivity in Nonserous Ovarian Carcinoma in a Three-Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018. [PMID: 29531130 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemoresistance is a major challenge in ovarian cancer treatment, resulting in poor survival rates. Identifying markers of treatment response is imperative for improving outcome while minimizing unnecessary side effects. We have previously demonstrated that expression of transducin-like enhancer of split 3 (TLE3) is associated with favorable progression-free survival in taxane-treated ovarian cancer patients with nonserous histology. The purpose of this study was to perform an independent evaluation of the association of TLE3 expression with response to taxane-based chemotherapy in nonserous ovarian cancer, to validate its role as a potential therapeutic response marker for taxane-based chemotherapy.Methods: We performed immunohistochemical staining of TLE3 on ovarian cancer specimens from the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study, the Westmead Gynaecological Oncology Biobank, and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Progression-free survival and overall survival were assessed to validate an association between TLE3 expression and response to taxane therapy that we previously observed in a smaller study.Results: Expression of TLE3 was associated with favorable outcome only in patients who had received paclitaxel as part of their treatment regimen for both 3-year progression-free survival (n = 160; HR, 0.56; P = 0.03) and 5-year overall survival (HR, 0.53; P = 0.04). Further analysis revealed that the predictive association between TLE3 expression and outcome was strongest in tumors with clear cell histology.Conclusions: The association between high TLE3 expression and a favorable response to taxane-containing chemotherapy regimens was validated in patients with nonserous ovarian cancer.Impact: TLE3 expression may serve as a marker of chemosensitivity in taxane-treated patients with nonserous histologies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(6); 680-8. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Z Ring
- Institute of Personalized and Genomic Medicine, College of Life Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rajmohan Murali
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Robert A Soslow
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Sian Fereday
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna deFazio
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Catherine J Kennedy
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alison Brand
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Raghwa Sharma
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Pathology West ICPMR, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Western Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Harnett
- Centre for Cancer Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Crown Princess Mary Cancer Care Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Goli Samimi
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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18
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Linnerth-Petrik NM, Santry LA, Moorehead R, Jücker M, Wootton SK, Petrik J. Akt isoform specific effects in ovarian cancer progression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:74820-74833. [PMID: 27533079 PMCID: PMC5342704 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains a significant therapeutic problem and novel, effective therapies are needed. Akt is a serine-threonine kinase that is overexpressed in numerous cancers, including ovarian. Mammalian cells express three Akt isoforms which are encoded by distinct genes. Although there are several Akt inhibitors in clinical trials, most indiscriminately target all isoforms. Current in vitro data and animal knockout experiments suggest that the Akt isoforms may have divergent roles. In this paper, we determined the isoform-specific functions of Akt in ovarian cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in ovarian cancer progression in vivo. For in vitro experiments, murine and human ovarian cancer cells were treated with Akt inhibitors and cell viability was assessed. We used two different in vivo approaches to identify the roles of Akt isoforms in ovarian cancer progression and their influence on the primary tumor and tumor microenvironment. In one experiment, wild-type C57Bl6 mice were orthotopically injected with ID8 cells with stable knockdown of Akt isoforms. In a separate experiment, mice null for Akt 1-3 were orthotopically injected with WT ID8 cells (Figure 1). Our data show that inhibition of Akt1 significantly reduced ovarian cancer cell proliferation and inhibited tumor progression in vivo. Conversely, disruption of Akt2 increased tumor growth. Inhibition of Akt3 had an intermediate phenotype, but also increased growth of ovarian cancer cells. These data suggest that there is minimal redundancy between the Akt isoforms in ovarian cancer progression. These findings have important implications in the design of Akt inhibitors for the effective treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa A Santry
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Roger Moorehead
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jim Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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19
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among women with gynecologic malignancies. The development and progression of ovarian cancer are complex and a multiple-step process. New biomarker molecules for diagnostic and prognostic are essential for novel therapeutic targets and to extend the survival time of patients with ovarian cancer. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non–protein-coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that have recently been found as key regulators of various biological processes and to be involved in the development and progression of many diseases including cancers. In this review, we summarized the expression pattern of several dysregulated lncRNAs (HOTAIR, H19, XIST, and HOST2) and the functional molecular mechanism of these lncRNAs on the initiation and progression of ovarian cancer. The lncRNAs as biomarkers may be used for current and future clinical diagnosis, therapeutics, and prognosis.
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20
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Pratheeshkumar P, Divya SP, Parvathareddy SK, Alhoshani NM, Al-Badawi IA, Tulbah A, Al-Dayel F, Siraj AK, Al-Kuraya KS. FoxM1 and β-catenin predicts aggressiveness in Middle Eastern ovarian cancer and their co-targeting impairs the growth of ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 9:3590-3604. [PMID: 29423068 PMCID: PMC5790485 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a highly lethal disease with poor prognosis especially in advanced stage tumor. Emerging evidence has reported that aberrant upregulation of FoxM1 and β-catenin are closely associated with aggressiveness of human cancer. However, interplay between these factors in the aggressiveness of EOC is not fully illustrated. In this study, we show that FoxM1 is frequently increased in Middle Eastern EOC and associated with high proliferative index (p = 0.0007) and high grade tumor (p = 0.0024). Interestingly, FoxM1 is significantly associated with elevated nuclear β-catenin and the concomitant increase of FoxM1 and β-catenin is associated with advanced stage of EOC by immunohistochemical analysis of 261 samples of Saudi patients with EOC. Functional analysis showed that β-catenin is a direct transcriptional target of FoxM1 in EOC cell lines. FoxM1 inhibition either by specific inhibitor, thiostrepton or siRNA suppressed β-catenin expression, whereas overexpression of FoxM1 increased nuclear β-catenin expression. We identified two FoxM1 binding sites in the β-catenin promoter that specifically bound to FoxM1 protein. Down-regulation of FoxM1 using thiostrepton induced apoptosis and inhibited cell migration/invasion in EOC cells. Moreover, co-inhibition of FoxM1 by thiostrepton and β-catenin by FH535 significantly and synergistically inhibited EOC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our findings confer that co-targeting FoxM1/β-catenin signaling cascade may be a promising molecular therapeutic choice in advanced EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Norah M Alhoshani
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail A Al-Badawi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Tulbah
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul K Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Deuster E, Jeschke U, Ye Y, Mahner S, Czogalla B. Vitamin D and VDR in Gynecological Cancers-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112328. [PMID: 29113037 PMCID: PMC5713297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a vast amount of studies have centered on the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of certain types of cancers such as breast, colorectal and lung cancer. Increasing evidence suggests that vitamin D and its receptor play a crucial role in the development of gynecological cancers. In this review, we systematically analyzed the effect of vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor on endometrial, ovarian, cervical, vulvar and vaginal cancer. Our literature research shows that vitamin D levels and vitamin-D-related pathways affect the risk of gynecological cancers. Numerous ecological studies give evidence on the inverse relationship between UVB exposure and gynecological cancer risk. However, epidemiologic research is still inconclusive for endometrial and ovarian cancer and insufficient for rarer types of gynecological cancers. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is upregulated in all gynecological cancers, indicating its influence on cancer etiology. The VDR polymorphism FokI (rs2228570) seems to increase the risk of ovarian cancer. Other nuclear receptors, such as the RXR, also influence gynecological cancers. Although there is limited knowledge on the role of the VDR/RXR on the survival of endometrial, cervical, vulvar or vaginal cancer patients, some studies showed that both receptors influence survival. Therefore, we suggest that further studies should focus on the vitamin D- and its hetero dimer receptor RXR in gynecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Deuster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr 15, Munich 81377, Germany.
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr 15, Munich 81377, Germany.
| | - Yao Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr 15, Munich 81377, Germany.
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr 15, Munich 81377, Germany.
| | - Bastian Czogalla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr 15, Munich 81377, Germany.
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22
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He S, Deng Y, Liao Y, Li X, Liu J, Yao S. CREB5 promotes tumor cell invasion and correlates with poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:8156-8161. [PMID: 29250192 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
CAMP responsive element binding protein 5 (CREB5) has crucial roles in regulating cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and cell cycle regulation. CREB5 has been identified to be overexpressed in several types of human cancer. However, the expression characteristics of CREB5 in epithelial ovarian cancer remains unknown, and its potential clinical prognostic significance has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot analysis were performed to detect CREB5 mRNA and protein expression levels in 10 fresh tissue and cell lines epithelial ovarian cancer. Furthermore, CREB5 expression was analyzed using immunohistochemical analysis in 125 clinicopathologically characterized ovarian cancers: Stage I+II (n=31), stage III (n=70), stage IV (n=24). The patient survival rate was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. CREB5 was significantly overexpressed at both the mRNA and protein levels in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. There was a significant positive correlation between high CREB5 expression and increasing the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage and pelvic lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Patients with high CREB5 expression had a shorter overall survival, whereas patients with low CREB5 expression had longer survival. In addition, patients with high CREB5 expression had shorter relapse-free survival whereas patients with low CREB5 expression had longer relapse-free survival. Univariate logistic regression analysis and stepwise multivariate analysis all revealed that the FIGO stage and high CREB5 expression were significant risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer (P<0.001), which suggested that CREB5 upregulation may be associated with a poor prognosis; therefore, it may be an independent prognostic indicator of epithelial ovarian cancer and may serve as a tumor-aggressive gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyang He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Yalan Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Yanbin Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Shuzhong Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
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23
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Chavan DM, Huang Z, Song K, Parimi LRH, Yang XS, Zhang X, Liu P, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Kong B, Li L. Incidence of venous thromboembolism following the neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen for epithelial type of ovarian cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7935. [PMID: 29049188 PMCID: PMC5662354 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).A retrospective audit was conducted examining 147 patients treated for EOC. Surgical treatment with curative intent, with or without NACT and adjuvant chemotherapy, is the treatment approach, which was modified according to the patient's condition. The incidence of VTE with the most commonly used chemotherapy regimen, carboplatin, cisplatin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, and others were evaluated.This study found a 13.6% incidence of VTE in patients undergoing therapy with curative intent for EOC. No association was seen between NACT and VTE compared to VTE after standard treatment: 2/16 (12.5%) vs 5/131 (3.8%) (P = .16). Univariate and multivariate analyses also demonstrated that NACT has no risk for VTE with odds ratio (OR) = 0.89 (95% CI = 0.18-4.28) and P = 1. Results did not vary significantly with the type of chemotherapy used. Furthermore, increased incidence of VTE as an incidental finding supports the well-established role of malignancy in VTE occurrence. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that VTE occurred more frequently in menopausal women than nonmenopausal women (17.9% vs 5.8%) with OR = 3.55 (95% CI = 0.99-12.78) and P = .04 in patients aged ≥60 (19.3% vs 10%) with OR = 2.15 (95% CI = 0.83-5.57) and P = .13 but is not statistically significant.We conclude that NACT has no association with VTE and the currently used common chemotherapeutic drug combinations for ovarian cancer carry the minimal risk of thromboembolic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Manik Chavan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kun Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | | | - Xing Sheng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Xiangning Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Peishu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Youzhong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Li Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
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24
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Hekman MCH, Boerman OC, Bos DL, Massuger LFAG, Weil S, Grasso L, Rybinski KA, Oosterwijk E, Mulders PFA, Rijpkema M. Improved Intraoperative Detection of Ovarian Cancer by Folate Receptor Alpha Targeted Dual-Modality Imaging. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3457-3463. [PMID: 28826214 PMCID: PMC6150714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Complete resection of tumor lesions
in advanced stage ovarian cancer patients is of utmost importance,
since the extent of residual disease after surgery strongly affects
survival. Intraoperative imaging may be useful to improve surgery
in these patients. Farletuzumab is a humanized IgG1 antibody that
specifically recognizes the folate receptor alpha (FRα). Labeled
with a radiolabel and a fluorescent dye, farletuzumab may be used
for the intraoperative detection of ovarian cancer lesions. The current
aim is to demonstrate the feasibility of FRα-targeted dual-modality
imaging using 111In-farletuzumab-IRDye800CW in an intraperitoneal
ovarian cancer model. Biodistribution studies were performed 3 days
after injection of 3, 10, 30, or 100 μg of 111In-farletuzumab-IRDye800CW
in mice with subcutaneous IGROV-1 tumors (5 mice per group). In mice
with intraperitoneal IGROV-1 tumors the nonspecific uptake of 111In-farletuzumab-IRDye800CW was determined by coinjecting
an excess of unlabeled farletuzumab. MicroSPECT/CT and fluorescence
imaging were performed 3 days after injection of 10 μg of 111In-farletuzumab-IRDye800CW. FRα expression in tumors
was determined immunohistochemically. Optimal tumor-to-blood-ratios
(3.4–3.7) were obtained at protein doses up to 30 μg.
Multiple intra-abdominal tumor lesions were clearly visualized by
microSPECT/CT, while uptake in normal tissues was limited. Fluorescence
imaging was used to visualize and guide resection of superficial tumors.
Coinjection of an excess of unlabeled farletuzumab significantly decreased
tumor uptake of 111In-farletuzumab-IRDye800CW (69.4 ±
27.6 versus 18.3 ± 2.2% ID/g, p < 0.05).
Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that the radioactive and
fluorescent signal corresponded with FRα-expressing tumor lesions.
FRα-targeted SPECT/fluorescence imaging using 111In-farletuzumab-IRDye800CW can be used to detect ovarian cancer in vivo and could be a valuable tool for enhanced intraoperative
tumor visualization in patients with intraperitoneal metastases of
ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlène C H Hekman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc , Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Radboudumc , Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
| | - Otto C Boerman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc , Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
| | - Desirée L Bos
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc , Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
| | | | - Susan Weil
- Morphotek , Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, United States
| | - Luigi Grasso
- Morphotek , Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, United States
| | | | | | | | - Mark Rijpkema
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc , Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
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25
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Lin Y, Gao M, Wu Y, Fang Y. Lipid‐enveloped PLGA as a hybrid carrier for sustained delivering camptothecin in ovarian cancer. IET Nanobiotechnol 2017; 11:797-802. [PMCID: PMC8676603 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) is plant alkaloid exhibiting in a wide range of solid tumours. However, CPT was instability at physiological pH conditions, the lactone moieties easily hydrolysed makes systemic toxicity risky. Moreover, the water insolubility of CPT was obstructed in clinical development. The aim of the study was to utilise nontoxic and biodegradable poly(D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) incorporated lipid as a hybrid nanoparticle (lipid‐PLGA NPs) for delivery of CPT. Lipid‐PLGA NPs were produced by a nano‐precipitation technique. The optimal formulation was presented that particles of which were 43 nm in diameter, with a polydispersity index of 0.3 which indicated a smaller and well‐distributed pattern. Moreover, a high capacity of ∼95% entrapment efficiency was achieved. An in vitro release study showed that non‐formulated CPT with a lag time of ∼0 h, demonstrated an obvious burst effect; in contrast, sustained released and a lag time delay were clearly observed in lipid‐PLGA NPs. The cytotoxicity study confirmed that human ovarian cancer cells (ES‐2) were inhibited by lipid‐PLGA NPs. CPT was successful entrapped in lipid‐PLGA NPs which achieved smaller size and well distribution. Lipid‐PLGA NPs resolve the water insolubility and produced a sustained, slow‐release pattern of CPT and controlled the cytotoxicity toward ES‐2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Chih Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering and HealthYuanpei University of Medical TechnologyHsinchu CityTaiwan
| | - Ming‐Yi Gao
- Department of BiotechnologyYuanpei University of Medical TechnologyHsinchu CityTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Jhun Wu
- School of PharmacyCollege of PharmacyKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Ping Fang
- School of PharmacyCollege of PharmacyKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Taiwan Department of Medical ResearchKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
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26
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Performance of seven criteria to assess CA125 increments among ovarian cancer patients monitored during first-line chemotherapy and the post-therapy follow-up period. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO216. [PMID: 28884012 PMCID: PMC5583662 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate seven CA125 criteria to monitor progressive ovarian cancer among patients with stage IC–IV disease. Materials & methods: Four criteria were used to asses CA125 increments starting from concentrations ≥35 U/ml and three criteria to asses increments starting from concentrations <35 U/ml. Results: A total of 231 patients were allocated to CA125 monitoring. The performances of the CA125 criteria were similar with sensitivities of 30–55%, negative predictive values of 28–46%, positive predictive values of 90–100% and median lead times of 26–87 days. Conclusion: The criteria showed low sensitivity and inability to exclude progressive ovarian cancer. The study suggests that CA125 information cannot stand alone but should be considered used in conjunction with other investigative procedures. Few have validated the CA125 progression criteria proposed by Rustin et al. in 1996 and in 2001. These two criteria were officially recommended by the Gynecological Cancer Intergroup to be incorporated into clinical trials in 2010. Among other criteria, we validated the Gynecological Cancer Intergroup CA125 progression criteria in an ovarian cancer population regarding sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. We found that the criteria had low sensitivity and ability to exclude tumor growth. We believe that the clinical utility of CA125 may be questioned, and there is a need for supplementary markers and alternative assessment criteria.
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27
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Bandera EV, Lee VS, Qin B, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Powell CB, Kushi LH. Impact of body mass index on ovarian cancer survival varies by stage. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:282-289. [PMID: 28588323 PMCID: PMC5520512 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the effect of body mass index (BMI) on ovarian cancer survival is inconsistent, but previous studies did not consider the possible impact of ascites, bowel obstruction, or cachexia, which commonly occur in late-stage disease. METHODS We evaluated the association of BMI, before and around the time of diagnosis, with overall and disease-specific survival in a cohort study of primary invasive epithelial ovarian cancers diagnosed from 2000 to 2013 in Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) (n=1184). Deaths were identified through December 2014, with a median follow-up of 37 months. Proportional hazards regression was used to estimate overall and ovarian cancer-specific mortality, accounting for prognostic variables including age at diagnosis, race, stage, grade, histology, comorbidities, treatment, post-treatment CA125 levels, ascites, and bowel obstruction. RESULTS There was no evidence of an association between BMI and overall or ovarian cancer-specific survival. However, we found strong effect modification by stage (Pinteraction<0.01). Compared with normal prediagnosis BMI (18.5-24.9 kg m-2), for women who were obese before diagnosis (BMI⩾35 kg m-2) ovarian cancer-specific survival was lower among those diagnosed at stages I/II (hazard ratio (HR): 3.40; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16-9.99), but increased among those diagnosed with stage IV disease (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.35-0.96). Associations were attenuated after excluding those diagnosed with cachexia (n=82) and further adjustment for ascites and bowel obstruction, with no evidence of effect modification by these factors. CONCLUSIONS Associations of obesity with ovarian cancer survival may differ by stage, with decreased survival among those with localised disease and increased survival among those with late-stage disease. Stage-specific effects of obesity on survival suggest a tailored approach to improve prognosis may be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa V Bandera
- Population Science, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Valerie S Lee
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Bo Qin
- Population Science, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Lorna Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Precision Medicine, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - C Bethan Powell
- Gynecologic Oncology Program, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Lawrence H Kushi
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
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28
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Yang A, Wang X, Yu C, Jin Z, Wei L, Cao J, Wang Q, Zhang M, Zhang L, Zhang L, Hao C. microRNA-494 is a potential prognostic marker and inhibits cellular proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting SIRT1 in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3177-3184. [PMID: 28927063 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common types of gynecological malignancy worldwide, and is the fourth leading cause of cancer-associated mortality among women. Despite improvements in therapeutic treatments, the prognosis for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains poor, mainly due to the rapid growth and metastasis of ovarian cancer tumors. An increasing number of studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of human cancer, suggesting that miRNAs may be used in clinical prognosis and as a therapeutic target in EOC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression levels of miRNA-494 in EOC tissues and cell lines. The clinical significance of miRNA-494 in patients with EOC was also evaluated. The results demonstrated that miRNA-494 was significantly downregulated in EOC tissues and cell lines. Low expression levels of miRNA-494 were associated with poor prognostic features, including International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, tumor size and lymph node metastasis. In vitro functional studies demonstrated that overexpression of miRNA-494 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion in EOC cells. By contrast, knockdown of miRNA-494 enhanced cell growth, migration and invasion in EOC cells. Notably, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was identified as a direct target of miRNA-494 in EOC. Furthermore, MTT, cell migration and invasion assays verified that EOC cell proliferation, migration and invasion were completely restored with forced miRNA-494 expression and SIRT1 restoration. Together, these findings suggest that miRNA-494 is a potential prognostic marker, and may provide novel therapeutic regimens of targeted therapy for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Xuenan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Chunna Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Jin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Lingxia Wei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Jinghe Cao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Qin Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Clinical Microarray Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Cuifang Hao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qing Dao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
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29
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Koutsaki M, Libra M, Spandidos DA, Zaravinos A. The miR-200 family in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66629-66640. [PMID: 29029543 PMCID: PMC5630443 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Its insidious nature, manifesting with little to no symptoms until the disease progresses to metastasis, along with a wide diversity of histological subtypes and corresponding clinical behavior, poses significant therapeutic challenges. The genetic profiling of this aggressive tumor and its subtypes has led to the identification of various molecular markers of prognosis. Among these, the miR-200 family of miRNAs appears to play an important role. The deregulated expression of the miR-200 family members has been detected in a variety of OC studies. The present review examines the potential usefulness of the miR-200 family members as prognostic indicators in ovarian cancer and their impact across different OC publications, with a particular focus on prognostic features, such as disease stage, tumor histology, survival and response to chemotherapy. We present the potential usefulness of the miR-200 family genes as prognostic indicators in OC and highlight the tendency that miR-200 overexpression corresponds with an advanced cancer stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Koutsaki
- 3rd Department of Pediatrics of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Functional Genomics, Section of General and Clinical Pathology and Oncology, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
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30
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Yin Z, Zhao X, Yang D, Cao X, Yu Y, Jiang H, Zhou X, Li C, Guo Q. LFG-500, a newly synthesized flavonoid, induces apoptosis in human ovarian carcinoma SKOV3 cells with involvement of the reactive oxygen species-mitochondria pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2819-2827. [PMID: 28587346 PMCID: PMC5450748 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the main cause of gynecologic malignancy-related mortality in women. Therefore, the disease requires improvements in treatment options and in the potency of chemotherapeutic drugs. The study of apoptosis in tumor cells is an important field for cancer therapy and cancer molecular biology. It has recently been established that LFG-500, a new synthesized flavonoid with a piperazine and benzyl group substitution, has strong anticancer activity. However, its exact molecular mechanism is not fully understood. The present study aimed to examine the effects of LFG-500 on human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells, as well as to identify its underlying mechanisms. The data showed that LFG-500 inhibited the growth of SKOV3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. It was found that LFG-500 induced apoptosis in SKOV3 cells, detected by DAPI staining and an Annexin V/PI double-staining assay. Moreover, LFG-500 reduced caspase-3 protein expression and increased the Bcl-2-associated X protein/B-cell lymphoma 2 protein ratio. Further findings revealed that LFG-500 treatment resulted in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Collectively, these results demonstrated that LFG-500 efficiently induced apoptosis in SKOV3 cells, an event possibly associated with the trigging of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway through ROS accumulation. Therefore, LFG-500 shows potential as a potent anticancer agent for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Jiangsu Center for The Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Jiangsu Center for The Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Dan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Jiangsu Center for The Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Xin Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Jiangsu Center for The Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Jiangsu Center for The Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Haijing Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Jiangsu Center for The Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Jiangsu Center for The Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Chenglin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Jiangsu Center for The Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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31
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Nakachi I, Helfrich BA, Spillman MA, Mickler EA, Olson CJ, Rice JL, Coldren CD, Heasley LE, Geraci MW, Stearman RS. PTTG1 Levels Are Predictive of Saracatinib Sensitivity in Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines. Clin Transl Sci 2016; 9:293-301. [PMID: 27766744 PMCID: PMC5351005 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Src kinase is recognized as a key target for molecular cancer therapy. However, methods to efficiently select patients responsive to Src inhibitors are lacking. We explored the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cell lines to the Src kinase inhibitor saracatinib to identify predictive markers of drug sensitivity using gene microarrays. Pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) was selected as a potential biomarker as mRNA levels were correlated with saracatinib resistance, as well as higher PTTG1 protein expression. PTTG1 expression was correlated with proliferation, cell division, and mitosis in ovarian cancer tissues data sets. In sensitive cell lines, saracatinib treatment decreased PTTG1 and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) protein levels. Downregulating PTTG1 by siRNAs increased saracatinib sensitivity in two resistant cell lines. Our results indicate PTTG1 may be a valuable biomarker in ovarian cancer to predict sensitivity to saracatinib, and could form the basis of a targeted prospective saracatinib trial for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nakachi
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - B A Helfrich
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - M A Spillman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - E A Mickler
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - C J Olson
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - J L Rice
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - L E Heasley
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - M W Geraci
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - R S Stearman
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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32
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Mehner C, Oberg AL, Kalli KR, Nassar A, Hockla A, Pendlebury D, Cichon MA, Goergen KM, Maurer MJ, Goode EL, Keeney GL, Jatoi A, Sahin-Tóth M, Copland JA, Radisky DC, Radisky ES. Serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) drives proliferation and anoikis resistance in a subset of ovarian cancers. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35737-54. [PMID: 26437224 PMCID: PMC4742138 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer represents the most lethal tumor type among malignancies of the female reproductive system. Overall survival rates remain low. In this study, we identify the serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) as a potential therapeutic target for a subset of ovarian cancers. We show that SPINK1 drives ovarian cancer cell proliferation through activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, and that SPINK1 promotes resistance to anoikis through a distinct mechanism involving protease inhibition. In analyses of ovarian tumor specimens from a Mayo Clinic cohort of 490 patients, we further find that SPINK1 immunostaining represents an independent prognostic factor for poor survival, with the strongest association in patients with nonserous histological tumor subtypes (endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous). This study provides novel insight into the fundamental processes underlying ovarian cancer progression, and also suggests new avenues for development of molecularly targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Mehner
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ann L Oberg
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Aziza Nassar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra Hockla
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Devon Pendlebury
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Krista M Goergen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew J Maurer
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gary L Keeney
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aminah Jatoi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Miklós Sahin-Tóth
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John A Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Derek C Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Evette S Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Zhang HH, Guo XL. Combinational strategies of metformin and chemotherapy in cancers. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 78:13-26. [PMID: 27118574 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic regimens are the most common treatment to inhibit tumor growth, but there is great variability in clinical responses of cancer patients; cancer cells often develop resistance to chemotherapeutics which results in tumor recurrence and further progression. Metformin, an extensively prescribed and well-tolerated first-line therapeutic drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus, has recently been identified as a potential and attractive anticancer adjuvant drug combined with chemotherapeutic drugs to improve treatment efficacy and lower doses. In this review, we summarized the molecular mechanisms underlying anticancer effects of metformin, which included insulin- and AMPK-dependent effects, selectively targeting cancer stem cells, reversing multidrug resistance, inhibition of the tumor metastasis and described the antineoplastic effects of metformin combined with chemotherapeutic agents in digestive system cancers (colorectal, gastric, hepatic and pancreatic cancer), reproductive system cancers (ovarian and endometrial cancer), prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, etc. Moreover, the clinical trials regarding metformin in combination of chemotherapeutic drugs were presented and the clinical obstacle or limitation related to the potential role of metformin in cancer treatment was also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Li Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang SF, Wang XY, Fu ZQ, Peng QH, Zhang JY, Ye F, Fu YF, Zhou CY, Lu WG, Cheng XD, Xie X. TXNDC17 promotes paclitaxel resistance via inducing autophagy in ovarian cancer. Autophagy 2016; 11:225-38. [PMID: 25607466 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2014.998931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is recommended as a first-line chemotherapeutic agent against ovarian cancer, but drug resistance becomes a major limitation of its success clinically. The key molecule or mechanism associated with paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer still remains unclear. Here, we showed that TXNDC17 screened from 356 differentially expressed proteins by LC-MS/MS label-free quantitative proteomics was more highly expressed in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells and tissues, and the high expression of TXNDC17 was associated with poorer prognostic factors and exhibited shortened survival in 157 ovarian cancer patients. Moreover, paclitaxel exposure induced upregulation of TXNDC17 and BECN1 expression, increase of autophagosome formation, and autophagic flux that conferred cytoprotection for ovarian cancer cells from paclitaxel. TXNDC17 inhibition by siRNA or enforced overexpression by a pcDNA3.1(+)-TXNDC17 plasmid correspondingly decreased or increased the autophagy response and paclitaxel resistance. Additionally, the downregulation of BECN1 by siRNA attenuated the activation of autophagy and cytoprotection from paclitaxel induced by TXNDC17 overexpression in ovarian cancer cells. Thus, our findings suggest that TXNDC17, through participation of BECN1, induces autophagy and consequently results in paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer. TXNDC17 may be a potential predictor or target in ovarian cancer therapeutics.
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Key Words
- 95% CI, 95% confidence interval
- ALDOC, aldolase C, fructose-bisphosphate
- ATG5, autophagy-related 5
- BECN1
- BECN1, Beclin 1, autophagy-related
- BafA1, bafilomycin A1
- CNN3, calponin 3, acidic
- DAPI, 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- FLNA, filamin A, α
- GO, gene ontology
- GenMAPP, gene microarray pathway profiler
- HBSS, Hank's balanced salt solution
- HR, hazard ratio
- KEGG, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genome
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/ mass spectrometry
- MAP1LC3B/LC3B, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 β
- OS, overall survival
- PFS, progression-free survival
- PGAM1, phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (brain)
- SQSTM1, sequestosome 1
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TXN, thioredoxin
- TXNDC17
- TXNDC17, thioredoxin domain containing 17
- UTP23, small subunit (SSU) processome component, homolog (yeast)
- autophagy
- ovarian cancer
- paclitaxel resistance
- siRNA, short interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Fa Zhang
- a Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province; Women's Hospital; School of Medicine ; Zhejiang University ; Hangzhou , China
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Al-Wahab Z, Tebbe C, Chhina J, Dar SA, Morris RT, Ali-Fehmi R, Giri S, Munkarah AR, Rattan R. Dietary energy balance modulates ovarian cancer progression and metastasis. Oncotarget 2015; 5:6063-75. [PMID: 25026276 PMCID: PMC4171613 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A high energy balance, or caloric excess, accounts as a tumor promoting factor, while a negative energy balance via caloric restriction, has been shown to delay cancer progression. The effect of energy balance on ovarian cancer progression was investigated in an isogeneic immunocompetent mouse model of epithelial ovarian cancer kept on a regimen of regular diet, high energy diet (HED) and calorie restricted diet (CRD), prior to inoculating the animals intraperitoneally with the mouse ovarian surface epithelial ID8 cancer cells. Tumor evaluation revealed that mice group on HED displayed the most extensive tumor formation with the highest tumor score at all organ sites (diaphragm, peritoneum, bowel, liver, kidney, spleen), accompanied with increased levels of insulin, leptin, insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), VEGF and interleukin 6 (IL-6). On the other hand, the mice group on CRD exhibited the least tumor burden associated with a significant reduction in levels of insulin, IGF-1, leptin, MCP-1, VEGF and IL-6. Immunohistochemistry analysis of tumors from HED mice showed higher activation of Akt and mTOR with decreased adenosine monophosphate activated kinase (AMPK) and SIRT1 activation, while tumors from the CRD group exhibited the reverse profile. In conclusion, ovarian cancer growth and metastasis occurred more aggressively under HED conditions and was significantly curtailed under CRD. The suggested mechanism involves modulated secretion of growth factors, cytokines and altered regulation of AMPK and SIRT1 that converges on mTOR inhibition. While the role of a high energy state in ovarian cancer has not been confirnmed in the literature, the current findings support investigating the potential impact of diet modulation as adjunct to other anticancer therapies and as possible individualized treatment strategy of epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Al-Wahab
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Calvin Tebbe
- Department of Women's Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Jasdeep Chhina
- Department of Women's Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Sajad A Dar
- Department of Women's Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Robert T Morris
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Rouba Ali-Fehmi
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State Univeristy, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Adnan R Munkarah
- Department of Women's Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Ramandeep Rattan
- Department of Women's Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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Yin PT, Shah S, Pasquale NJ, Garbuzenko OB, Minko T, Lee KB. Stem cell-based gene therapy activated using magnetic hyperthermia to enhance the treatment of cancer. Biomaterials 2015; 81:46-57. [PMID: 26720500 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based gene therapies, wherein stem cells are genetically engineered to express therapeutic molecules, have shown tremendous potential for cancer applications owing to their innate ability to home to tumors. However, traditional stem cell-based gene therapies are hampered by our current inability to control when the therapeutic genes are actually turned on, thereby resulting in detrimental side effects. Here, we report the novel application of magnetic core-shell nanoparticles for the dual purpose of delivering and activating a heat-inducible gene vector that encodes TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs). By combining the tumor tropism of the AD-MSCs with the spatiotemporal MCNP-based delivery and activation of TRAIL expression, this platform provides an attractive means with which to enhance our control over the activation of stem cell-based gene therapies. In particular, we found that these engineered AD-MSCs retained their innate ability to proliferate, differentiate, and, most importantly, home to tumors, making them ideal cellular carriers. Moreover, exposure of the engineered AD-MSCS to mild magnetic hyperthermia resulted in the selective expression of TRAIL from the engineered AD-MSCs and, as a result, induced significant ovarian cancer cell death in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry T Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Shreyas Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Nicholas J Pasquale
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Olga B Garbuzenko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Tamara Minko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Shuang T, Wang M, Zhou Y, Shi C. Over-expression of Sirt1 contributes to chemoresistance and indicates poor prognosis in serous epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Med Oncol 2015; 32:260. [PMID: 26520143 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal malignancy in female patients, and chemoresistance is the major contribution to low over survival rate. We aim to investigate the correction between Sirt1 expression and chemoresistance in serous epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and prognosis significance of Sirt1. Immunochemistry was used to determine the location pattern and expression of Sirt1 in a total of 63 serous EOC patients (28 cases of chemoresistance patients and 35 chemosensitive).The relationship between Sirt1 expression and clinicopathological features of serous EOC was analyzed. Univariate analysis and multifactor logistic regression analysis were applied to investigate risk factor for chemoresistance. Cox proportional hazards regression model and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were applied to determine the prognosis factor and survival time. Immunohistochemistry proved that over-expression of nuclear Sirt1 was related to chemoresistance (P = 0.039). Multivariate logistic regression analysis proved that the nuclear expression of Sirt1 (P = 0.018) and the lymph node metastasis (P = 0.037) was independent risk factors for chemoresistance in serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Multivariate Cox regression result indicated that expression of Sirt1 (P = 0.026, RR 2.434, 95 % CI 1.109-5.339) and stage (P = 0.005, RR 2.366, 95 % CI 1.288-4.345) was independent prognostic factors. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the survival rate is significantly decreased in the Sirt1 highly expressed group. Western blot result showed that the protein level of Sirt1 was significantly higher in chemoresistant group compared with in sensitive group. In conclusion, our results proved that over-expression of Sirt1 could play an important role in chemoresistance of serous EOC and could be a prognosis indicator for the patient's survival outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Cong Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
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Kaplan F, Teksen F. Apoptotic effects of salinomycin on human ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3). Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3897-903. [PMID: 26476539 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we studied the apoptotic and cytotoxic effects of salinomycin on human ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3) as salinomycin is known as a selectively cancer stem cell killer agent. We used immortal human ovarian epithelial cell line (IHOEC) as control group. Ovarian cancer cells and ovarian epithelial cells were treated by different concentrations of salinomycin such as 0.1, 1, and 40 μM and incubated for 24, 48, and 72 h. Dimethylthiazol (MTT) cell viability assay was performed to determine cell viability and toxicity. On the other hand, the expression levels of some of the apoptosis-related genes, namely anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, apoptotic Bax, and Caspase-3 were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Additionally, Caspase-3 protein level was also determined. As a result, we concluded that incubation of human OVCAR-3 by 0.1 μM concentration of salinomycin for 24 h killed 40 % of the cancer cells by activating apoptosis but had no effect on normal cells. The apoptotic Bax gene expression was upregulated but anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene expression was downregulated. Active Caspase-3 protein level was increased significantly (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuat Kaplan
- Health Science Institute, Biochemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Fulya Teksen
- Medical Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Samuel P, Pink RC, Caley DP, Currie JMS, Brooks SA, Carter DRF. Over-expression of miR-31 or loss of KCNMA1 leads to increased cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:2565-73. [PMID: 26386726 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers have a high mortality rate; this is in part due to resistance to the platinum-based compounds used in chemotherapy. In this paper, we assess the role of microRNA-31 in the development of chemoresistance to cisplatin. We used previous data from microarray experiments to identify potential microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in chemoresistance. The functional significance of these microRNAs was tested using miRNA mimics. We used RNA-seq to identify pathways and genes de-regulated in the resistant cell line and then determined their role using RNAi. Analysis of publically available datasets reveals the potential clinical significance. Our data show that miR-31 is increased, whilst potassium channel calcium activated large conductance subfamily M alpha, member 1 (KCNMA1), a subunit of calcium-regulated big potassium (BK) channels, is reduced in resistant ovarian cells. Over-expression of miR-31 increased resistance, as did knockdown of KCNMA1 or inhibition of BK channels. This suggests that these genes directly modulate cisplatin response. Our data also suggest that miR-31 represses KCNMA1 expression. Comparing the levels of miR-31 and KCNMA1 to cisplatin resistance in the NCI60 panel or chemoresistance in cohorts of ovarian cancer tumours reveals correlations that support a role for these genes in vitro and in vivo. Here we show that miR-31 and KCNMA1 are involved in mediating cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. Our data gives a new insight into the potential mechanisms to therapeutically target in cisplatin resistance common to ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Samuel
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Ryan Charles Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Daniel Paul Caley
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.,Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - James Michael Stevenson Currie
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Susan Ann Brooks
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - David Raul Francisco Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
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Regulatory T cells, inherited variation, and clinical outcome in epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:1495-504. [PMID: 26298430 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The immune system constitutes one of the host factors modifying outcomes in ovarian cancer. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are believed to be a major factor in preventing the immune response from destroying ovarian cancers. Understanding mechanisms that regulate Tregs in the tumor microenvironment could lead to the identification of novel targets aimed at reducing their influence. In this study, we used immunofluorescence-based microscopy to enumerate Tregs, total CD4 T cells, and CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells in fresh frozen tumors from over 400 patients with ovarian cancer (>80 % high-grade serous). We sought to determine whether Tregs were associated with survival and genetic variation in 79 genes known to influence Treg induction, trafficking, or function. We used Cox regression, accounting for known prognostic factors, to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) associated with T cell counts and ratios. We found that the ratios of CD8 T cells and total CD4 T cells to Tregs were associated with improved overall survival (CD8/Treg HR 0.84, p = 0.0089; CD4/Treg HR 0.88, p = 0.046) and with genetic variation in IL-10 (p = 0.0073 and 0.01, respectively). In multivariate analyses, the associations between the ratios and overall survival remained similar (IL-10 and clinical covariate-adjusted CD8/Treg HR 0.85, p = 0.031; CD4/Treg HR 0.87, p = 0.093), suggesting that this association was not driven by variation in IL-10. Thus, integration of novel tumor phenotyping measures with extensive clinical and genetic information suggests that the ratio of T cells to Tregs may be prognostic of outcome in ovarian cancer, regardless of inherited genotype in genes related to Tregs.
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Zhang M, Xu L, Wang X, Sun B, Ding J. Expression levels of seprase/FAPα and DPPIV/CD26 in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:34-42. [PMID: 26170973 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV; also known as cluster of differentiation 26) and the surface-expressed protease, seprase [also known as fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAPα)], are able to degrade the extracellular matrix; therefore, they are involved in malignant cell invasion and metastasis. However, the prognostic implications of their overexpression in carcinomas remain controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and potential prognostic effects of DPPIV and seprase in cases of ovarian carcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) was performed to assess the protein expression of DPPIV and seprase/FAPα in 199 patients (malignant epithelial ovarian cancer, 128; borderline ovarian tumors, 41; and benign ovarian tumors, 30). In addition, in situ hybridization was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of DPPIV and seprase in 86 malignant epithelial ovarian cancer samples. IHC revealed positive staining for seprase and DPPIV proteins in 110/128 (85.94%) and 106/128 (82.81%) patients with ovarian cancer, respectively. Seprase and DPPIV protein expression was associated with lymph node metastasis and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage. By contrast, no significant correlation was detected between the proteins and the patient age or histological grade and type of tumor. Immunostaining was stronger in the cancerous tissues compared with the borderline and benign tissues. Increased levels of seprase, but not DPPIV, were significantly associated with a shorter disease-free survival (P=0.033). Further analysis revealed that 96.5 (83/86) and 97.67% (84/86) of the malignant epithelial ovarian cancer samples stained positively for seprase and DPPIV mRNA, respectively. Therefore, DPPIV and seprase may be involved in the development of ovarian cancer, and that they are potential predictive markers of epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Beibei Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Juan Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Abstract
Clinical outcomes, such as recurrence-free survival and overall survival, in ovarian cancer are quite variable, independent of common characteristics such as stage, response to therapy, and grade. This disparity in outcomes warrants further exploration and therapeutic targeting into the interaction between the tumor and host. One compelling host characteristic that contributes both to the initiation and progression of ovarian cancer is the immune system. Hundreds of studies have confirmed a prominent role for the immune system in modifying the clinical course of the disease. Recent studies also show that anti-tumor immunity is often negated by immune regulatory cells present in the tumor microenvironment. Regulatory immune cells also directly enhance the pathogenesis through the release of various cytokines and chemokines, which together form an integrated pathological network. Thus, in the future, research into immunotherapy targeting ovarian cancer will probably become increasingly focused on combination approaches that simultaneously augment immunity while preventing local immune suppression. In this article, we summarize important immunological targets that influence ovarian cancer outcome as well as include an update on newer immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith L Knutson
- Cancer Vaccines and Immune Therapies Program, The Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, 9801 SW Discovery Way, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34949, USA,
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Curry EWJ. A framework for generalized subspace pattern mining in high-dimensional datasets. BMC Bioinformatics 2014; 15:355. [PMID: 25413436 PMCID: PMC4247685 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-014-0355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A generalized notion of biclustering involves the identification of patterns across subspaces within a data matrix. This approach is particularly well-suited to analysis of heterogeneous molecular biology datasets, such as those collected from populations of cancer patients. Different definitions of biclusters will offer different opportunities to discover information from datasets, making it pertinent to tailor the desired patterns to the intended application. This paper introduces ‘GABi’, a customizable framework for subspace pattern mining suited to large heterogeneous datasets. Most existing biclustering algorithms discover biclusters of only a few distinct structures. However, by enabling definition of arbitrary bicluster models, the GABi framework enables the application of biclustering to tasks for which no existing algorithm could be used. Results First, a series of artificial datasets were constructed to represent three clearly distinct scenarios for applying biclustering. With a bicluster model created for each distinct scenario, GABi is shown to recover the correct solutions more effectively than a panel of alternative approaches, where the bicluster model may not reflect the structure of the desired solution. Secondly, the GABi framework is used to integrate clinical outcome data with an ovarian cancer DNA methylation dataset, leading to the discovery that widespread dysregulation of DNA methylation associates with poor patient prognosis, a result that has not previously been reported. This illustrates a further benefit of the flexible bicluster definition of GABi, which is that it enables incorporation of multiple sources of data, with each data source treated in a specific manner, leading to a means of intelligent integrated subspace pattern mining across multiple datasets. Conclusions The GABi framework enables discovery of biologically relevant patterns of any specified structure from large collections of genomic data. An R implementation of the GABi framework is available through CRAN (http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/GABi/index.html). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-014-0355-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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44
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Zhang S, Lu Z, Unruh AK, Ivan C, Baggerly KA, Calin GA, Li Z, Bast RC, Le XF. Clinically relevant microRNAs in ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 13:393-401. [PMID: 25304686 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) belong to a class of small noncoding RNAs that can negatively regulate messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of target genes. miRNAs are involved in multiple aspects of ovarian cancer cell dysfunction and the phenotype of ovarian cancer cells can be modified by targeting miRNA expression. miRNA profiling has detected a number of candidate miRNAs with the potential to regulate many important biologic functions in ovarian cancer, but their role still needs to be clarified, given the remarkable heterogeneity among ovarian cancers and the context-dependent role of miRNAs. This review summarizes the data collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and several other genome-wide projects to identify dysregulated miRNAs in ovarian cancers. Copy number variations (CNVs), epigenetic alterations, and oncogenic mutations are also discussed that affect miRNA levels in ovarian disease. Emphasis is given to the role of particular miRNAs in altering expression of genes in human ovarian cancers with the potential to provide diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets. Particular attention has been given to TP53, BRCA1/2, CA125 (MUC16), HE4 (WFDC2), and imprinted genes such as ARHI (DIRAS3). A better understanding of the abnormalities in miRNA expression and downstream transcriptional and biologic consequences will provide leads for more effective biomarkers and translational approaches in the management of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- From the Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, People's Republic of China. Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhen Lu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anna K Unruh
- Department of Bioinformatics Computer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Keith A Baggerly
- Department of Bioinformatics Computer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zongfang Li
- From the Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert C Bast
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Xiao-Feng Le
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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King ML, Lindberg ME, Stodden GR, Okuda H, Ebers SD, Johnson A, Montag A, Lengyel E, MacLean Ii JA, Hayashi K. WNT7A/β-catenin signaling induces FGF1 and influences sensitivity to niclosamide in ovarian cancer. Oncogene 2014; 34:3452-62. [PMID: 25174399 PMCID: PMC4345161 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We previously characterized the link between WNT7A and the progression of ovarian cancer. Other groups have identified FGF1 as a relevant risk factor in ovarian cancer. Here, we show a linkage between these two signaling pathways that may be exploited to improve treatment and prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. High expression of WNT7A and FGF1 are correlated in ovarian carcinomas and poor overall patient survival. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that WNT7A/β-catenin signaling directly regulates FGF1 expression via TCF binding elements in the FGF1-1C promoter locus. In vitro gene manipulation studies revealed that FGF1 is sufficient to drive the tumor promoting effects of WNT7A. In vivo xenograft studies confirmed that the stable overexpression of WNT7A or FGF1 induced a significant increase in tumor incidence, while FGF1 knockdown in WNT7A overexpressing cells caused a significant reduction in tumor size. Niclosamide most efficiently abrogated WNT7A/β-catenin signaling in our model, inhibited β-catenin transcriptional activity and cell viability, and increased cell death. Furthermore, niclosamide decreased cell migration following an increase in E-cadherin subsequent to decreased levels of SLUG. The effects of niclosamide on cell functions were more potent in WNT7A overexpressing cells. Oral niclosamide inhibited tumor growth and progression in an intraperitoneal xenograft mouse model representative of human ovarian cancer. Collectively, these results indicate that FGF1 is a direct downstream target of WNT7A/β-catenin signaling and this pathway has potential as a therapeutic target in ovarian cancer. Moreover, niclosamide is a promising inhibitor of this pathway and may have clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L King
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - M E Lindberg
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - G R Stodden
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - H Okuda
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S D Ebers
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - A Johnson
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Montag
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E Lengyel
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J A MacLean Ii
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - K Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
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Khandakar B, Mathur SR, Kumar L, Kumar S, Datta Gupta S, Iyer VK, Kalaivani M. Tissue biomarkers in prognostication of serous ovarian cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:401245. [PMID: 24864239 PMCID: PMC4016870 DOI: 10.1155/2014/401245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Serous ovarian cancer (SOC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in females with poor prognosis because of advanced stage at presentation. Recently, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is being used for management of advanced SOC, but role of tissue biomarkers in prognostication following NACT is not well established. The study was conducted on advanced stage SOC patients (n = 100) that were treated either conventionally (n = 50) or with NACT (n = 50), followed by surgery. In order to evaluate the expression of tissue biomarkers (p53, MIB1, estrogen and progesterone receptors, Her-2/neu, E-cadherin, and Bcl2), immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative scoring were done following morphological examination. Following NACT, significant differences in tumor histomorphology were observed as compared to the native neoplasms. MIB 1 was significantly lower in cases treated with NACT and survival outcome was significantly better in cases with low MIB 1. ER expression was associated with poor overall survival. No other marker displayed any significant difference in expression or correlation with survival between the two groups. Immunophenotype of SOC does not differ significantly in samples from cases treated with NACT, compared to upfront surgically treated cases. The proliferating capacity of the residual tumor cells is less, depicted by low mean MIB1 LI. MIB 1 and ER inversely correlate with survival.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Shape
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Middle Aged
- Neoadjuvant Therapy
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/pathology
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy
- Prognosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Binny Khandakar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sandeep R. Mathur
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute-Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sunesh Kumar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Siddhartha Datta Gupta
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Venkateswaran K. Iyer
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - M. Kalaivani
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Qian Y, Wu X, Zhang Z, Liu X, Zhao R, Zhou L, Ruan Y, Xu J, Liu H, Ren S, Xu C, Gu J. Discovery of specific metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in epithelial ovarian cancer based on quantitative glycomics. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87978. [PMID: 24516574 PMCID: PMC3916363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, most of ovarian cancer cannot be detected until large scale and remote metastasis occurs, which is the major cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer. Therefore, it is urgent to discover metastasis-related biomarkers for the detection of ovarian cancer in its occult metastasis stage. Altered glycosylation is a universal feature of malignancy and certain types of glycan structures are well-known markers for tumor progressions. Thus, this study aimed to reveal specific changes of N-glycans in the secretome of the metastatic ovarian cancer. We employed a quantitative glycomics approach based on metabolic stable isotope labeling to compare the differential N-glycosylation of secretome between an ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and its high metastatic derivative SKOV3-ip. Intriguingly, among total 17 N-glycans identified, the N-glycans with bisecting GlcNAc were all significantly decreased in SKOV3-ip in comparison to SKOV3. This alteration in bisecting GlcNAc glycoforms as well as its corresponding association with ovarian cancer metastatic behavior was further validated at the glycotransferase level with multiple techniques including real-time PCR, western blotting, transwell assay, lectin blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. This study illustrated metastasis-related N-glycan alterations in ovarian cancer secretome in vitro for the first time, which is a valuable source for biomarker discovery as well. Moreover, N-glycans with bisecting GlcNAc shed light on the detection of ovarian cancer in early peritoneal metastasis stage which may accordingly improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisheng Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zejian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiejie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (SR); (CX)
| | - Congjian Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (SR); (CX)
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Holding back sharing concerns, dispositional emotional expressivity, perceived unsupportive responses and distress among women newly diagnosed with gynecological cancers. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2014; 36:81-7. [PMID: 24211156 PMCID: PMC3930348 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little attention has been paid to the role of holding back sharing concerns in the psychological adaptation of women newly diagnosed with gynecological cancers. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the role of holding back concerns in psychosocial adjustment and quality of life, as well as a possible moderating role for emotional expressivity and perceived unsupportive responses from family and friends. METHOD Two hundred forty-four women diagnosed with gynecological cancer in the past 8 months completed measures of holding back, dispositional emotional expressivity, perceived unsupportive responses from family and friends, cancer-specific distress, depressive symptoms and quality of life. RESULTS Emotional expressivity moderated the association between holding back and cancer-specific distress and quality of life, but not depressive symptoms. Greater holding back was more strongly associated with higher levels of cancer-related distress among women who were more emotionally expressive than among women who were less expressive. Perceived unsupportive responses did not moderate the associations between holding back and psychosocial outcomes. CONCLUSION Holding back sharing concerns was more common in this patient population than other cancer populations. Dispositional expressivity played a role in how harmful holding back concerns was for women, while unsupportive responses from family and friends did not.
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Hatzipetros I, Gocze P, Koszegi T, Jaray A, Szereday L, Polgar B, Farkas N, Farkas B. Investigating the clinical potential for 14-3-3 zeta protein to serve as a biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2013; 6:79. [PMID: 24238270 PMCID: PMC3835546 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-6-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Recently, 14-3-3 zeta protein was identified as a potential serum biomarker of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The goal of this study was to investigate the clinical potential of 14-3-3 zeta protein for monitoring EOC progression compared with CA-125 and HE4. Design Prospective follow-up study. Setting University of Pecs Medical Center Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Oncology (Pecs, Hungary). Population Thirteen EOC patients with advanced stage (FIGO IIb-IIIc) epithelial ovarian cancer that underwent radical surgery and received six consecutive cycles of first line chemotherapy (paclitaxel, carboplatin) in 21-day intervals. Methods Pre- and post-chemotherapy computed tomography (CT) scans were performed. Serum levels of CA-125, HE4, and 14-3-3 zeta protein were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative electrochemiluminescence assay (ECLIA). Main outcome measures Serum levels of CA-125, HE4, and 14-3-3 zeta protein, as well as lesion size according to pre- and post-chemotherapy CT scans. Results Serum levels of CA-125 and HE4 were found to significantly decrease following chemotherapy, and this was consistent with the decrease in lesion size detected post-chemotherapy. In contrast, 14-3-3 zeta protein levels did not significantly differ in healthy postmenopausal patients versus EOC patients. Conclusions Determination of CA-125 and HE4 serum levels for the determination of the risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA) represents a useful tool for the prediction of chemotherapy efficacy for EOC patients. However, levels of 14-3-3 zeta protein were not found to vary significantly as a consequence of treatment. Therefore we question if 14-3-3 zeta protein is a reliable biomarker, which correlates with the clinical behavior of EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Hatzipetros
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pecs, Clinical Center, Edesanyak Str, 17, 7624 Pecs, Hungary.
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50
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Preston CC, Maurer MJ, Oberg AL, Visscher DW, Kalli KR, Hartmann LC, Goode EL, Knutson KL. The ratios of CD8+ T cells to CD4+CD25+ FOXP3+ and FOXP3- T cells correlate with poor clinical outcome in human serous ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80063. [PMID: 24244610 PMCID: PMC3828213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is an immune reactive malignancy with a complex immune suppressive network that blunts successful immune eradication. This suppressive microenvironment may be mediated by recruitment or induction of CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Our study sought to investigate the association of tumor-infiltrating CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs, and other immune factors, with clinical outcome in serous ovarian cancer patients. We performed immunofluorescence and quantification of intraepithelial tumor-infiltrating triple positive Tregs (CD4+CD25+FOXP3+), as well as CD4+CD25+FOXP3-, CD3+ and CD8+ T cells in tumor specimens from 52 patients with high stage serous ovarian carcinoma. Thirty-one of the patients had good survival (i.e. > 60 months) and 21 had poor survival of < 18 months. Total cell counts as well as cell ratios were compared among these two outcome groups. The total numbers of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs, CD4+CD25+FOXP3-, CD3+ and CD8+ cells were not significantly different between the groups. However, higher ratios of CD8+/CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg, CD8+/CD4+ and CD8/CD4+CD25+FOXP3- cells were seen in the good outcome group when compared to the patients with poor outcome. These data show for the first time that the ratios of CD8+ to both CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs and CD4+CD25+FOXP3- T cells are associated with disease outcome in ovarian cancer. The association being apparent in ratios rather than absolute count of T cells suggests that the effector/suppressor ratio may be a more important indicator of outcome than individual cell count. Thus, immunotherapy strategies that modify the ratio of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs or CD4+CD25+FOXP3- T cells to CD8+ effector cells may be useful in improving outcomes in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C. Preston
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Maurer
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ann L. Oberg
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Daniel W. Visscher
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kimberly R. Kalli
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lynn C. Hartmann
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ellen L. Goode
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ELG); (KLK)
| | - Keith L. Knutson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Port St. Lucie, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ELG); (KLK)
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