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Warda A, Staniszewski LJP, Sabir Z, Livingston S, Sausedo M, Reshi S, Ron E, Applegate MT, Haddad D, Khamisi M, Marshall PA, Wagner CE, Jurutka PW. Development of Bexarotene Analogs for Treating Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas. Cells 2023; 12:2575. [PMID: 37947652 PMCID: PMC10647404 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bexarotene, a drug approved for treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), is classified as a rexinoid by its ability to act as a retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist with high specificity. Rexinoids are capable of inducing RXR homodimerization leading to the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in human cancers. Numerous studies have shown that bexarotene is effective in reducing viability and proliferation in CTCL cell lines. However, many treated patients present with cutaneous toxicity, hypothyroidism, and hyperlipidemia due to crossover activity with retinoic acid receptor (RAR), thyroid hormone receptor (TR), and liver X receptor (LXR) signaling, respectively. In this study, 10 novel analogs and three standard compounds were evaluated side-by-side with bexarotene for their ability to drive RXR homodimerization and subsequent binding to the RXR response element (RXRE). In addition, these analogs were assessed for proliferation inhibition of CTCL cells, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity. Furthermore, the most effective analogs were analyzed via qPCR to determine efficacy in modulating expression of two critical tumor suppressor genes, ATF3 and EGR3. Our results suggest that these new compounds may possess similar or enhanced therapeutic potential since they display enhanced RXR activation with equivalent or greater reduction in CTCL cell proliferation, as well as the ability to induce ATF3 and EGR3. This work broadens our understanding of RXR-ligand relationships and permits development of possibly more efficacious pharmaceutical drugs. Modifications of RXR agonists can yield agents with enhanced biological selectivity and potency when compared to the parent compound, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankedo Warda
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
| | - Lech J. P. Staniszewski
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Zhela Sabir
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
| | - Sarah Livingston
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
| | - Michael Sausedo
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
| | - Sabeeha Reshi
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
| | - Eyal Ron
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
| | - Michael T. Applegate
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
| | - Dena Haddad
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
| | - Madleen Khamisi
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
| | - Pamela A. Marshall
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
| | - Carl E. Wagner
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
| | - Peter W. Jurutka
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ 85306, USA; (A.W.); (L.J.P.S.); (Z.S.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.T.A.); (D.H.); (M.K.); (P.A.M.); (C.E.W.)
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
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Zhao L, Zhou Y, Ding J, Qin Z, Zhou H, Jing X. Primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma: case report and systematic review of the literature. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1229936. [PMID: 38239651 PMCID: PMC10795173 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1229936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is extremely rare, and only a few dozen cases have been reported to date. It can barely be diagnosed before histopathological examination, which necessitates the exclusion of metastatic tumors. In this case, we present a 60-year-old female patient with no comorbidity. As laboratory tests and imaging examinations were not diagnostic, ultrasonography (US)-guided liver biopsy was performed and eventually revealed a definitive pathological diagnosis of hepatic SCC. After excluding metastasis, the diagnosis of primary hepatic SCC was established, and then chemotherapy and immunotherapy were performed. Additionally, a comprehensive literature search was conducted on primary hepatic SCC using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, and a total of 53 articles were retrieved with a time range from 1972 to 2022. A critical analysis was then performed to evaluate previous literature focusing on the clinical characteristics, imaging features, treatments, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianmin Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengyi Qin
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Jing
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Inflamasyon ilişkili indeksler, palyatif bakım hastalarında kötü prognozu tanımlayabilir mi? JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.1098435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Palliative medicine provides holistic care to increase the quality of life of patients. Predicting prognosis is critical for a personalized treatment plan. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the survival prediction properties of routine biochemistry tests, complete blood count (CBC) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios, in addition to biomarker-based indices (the mGPS, PI, and PNI).
Materials and methods: The laboratory parameter values, prognostic factor scores, diagnoses and survival time of 139 palliative care patients in the last 5 weeks of their life were evaluated retrospectively.
Results: Ninety-one (65.5%) patients were male and the average age was 65.9 years (28–91 years). Results of all three prognostic indices (the mGPS, PI, and PNI) investigated in this study were found to have a statistically significant relationship with the survival time of our patients. In addition, NLR, neutrophil percent, hemoglobin, serum albumin and CRP values were seen to have a statistically significant relationship with the scores of all three prognostic indices. Moreover, hand it is detected that WBC, NLR, albumin, and CRP values were associated with overall survival.
Conclusion: The results of our study, which showed that these indices have prognostic markers in palliative care patients, will guide the management of the clinical process. We would like to emphasize the importance of palliative care clinicians in developing personalized treatment plans for patients using prognostic tools for survival prediction.
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Be(a)ware of Leukocytosis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Case Rep Endocrinol 2022; 2022:5799432. [PMID: 35880158 PMCID: PMC9308557 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5799432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytosis can be present at any time during various malignancies. A 42-year-old male was admitted to our department for surgical management of his metastatic papillary thyroid cancer. Persistent white blood cell (WBC) elevation with left shift led to a thorough investigation. Having excluded other causes, leukocytosis was attributed to thyroid cancer itself. Positive immunostaining for IL-6 and CEA, as well as elevated serum levels, established this connection.
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Beleva EA, Deneva TI, Stoencheva SS, Grudeva-Popova ZG. Longitudinal Dynamics of Coagulation and Angiogenesis Markers in Cancer Patients During and After Chemotherapy. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2021; 27:10760296211056637. [PMID: 34918975 PMCID: PMC8728769 DOI: 10.1177/10760296211056637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemostatic parameters have been investigated as molecular determinants of tumor
progression. To analyze the dynamics of microparticle-associated tissue factor
activity (MPTF), tissue factor antigen (TF-Ag), and angiopоietin-2 (ANG-2) in
cancer patients before, during, and after active treatment and to explore their
potential as biomarkers for metastatic occurrence and death. Blood for the
analysis of MPTF, TF-Ag, ANG-2, and conventional hemostatic tests was sampled in
111 patients with various cancers at 4 consecutive visits: before first
chemotherapy cycle, after 3 courses, at the sixth course, and 3 months after
chemotherapy cessation. Patients were followed up until metastatic
progression/death or the end of the study. MPTF did not change during
chemotherapy, but increased significantly after treatment cessation. Total TF-Ag
and ANG-2 decreased throughout active treatment. Significant drop of their
levels was observed 3 months post therapy cessation. Progressive disease was
significantly associated with higher pre-chemotherapy TF-Ag and fibrinogen.
Elevated baseline levels of fibrinogen were associated with increased risk of
shortened progression free survival. Cessation of chemotherapy is associated
with significant change of hemostatic parameters. Pre-chemotherapy levels of
TF-Ag and fibrinogen may be informative of disease state and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina A Beleva
- 118870Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,564825University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment "Sveti Georgi" EAD-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya I Deneva
- 118870Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,564825University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment "Sveti Georgi" EAD-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Snezhana S Stoencheva
- 118870Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,564825University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment "Sveti Georgi" EAD-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zhanet G Grudeva-Popova
- 118870Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,564825University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment "Sveti Georgi" EAD-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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O'Neill T, Hudda MT, Patel R, Liu WK, Young AM, Patel HR, Afshar M. A new prognostic model for predicting 30-day mortality in acute oncology patients. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 21:1171-1177. [PMID: 34325618 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1945446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute oncology services (AOS) provide rapid review and expedited pathways for referral to specialist care for cancer patients. Blood tests may support AOS in providing estimates of prognosis. We aimed to develop and validate a prognostic model of 30-day mortality based on routine blood markers to inform an AOS decision to actively treat or palliate patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS Using clinical data from 752 AOS referrals, multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to develop a 30-day mortality prognostic model. Internal validation and then internal-external cross-validation were used to examine overfitting and generalizability of the model's predictive performance. RESULTS Urea, alkaline phosphatase, albumin and neutrophils were the strongest predictors of outcome. The model separated patients into distinct prognostic groups from the cross-validation (C Statistic: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.64-0.76). Admission year was included as a predictor in the model to improve the model calibration. CONCLUSION The developed prediction model was able to classify patients into distinct prognostic risk groups, which is clinically useful for delivering an evidence-based AOS. Collation of data from other AOS centers would allow for the development of a more generalizable prognostic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess O'Neill
- Department of Medicine, Barts and the London NHS Trust, London, London, UK
| | - Mohammed T Hudda
- St George's University of London, Population Health Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Reena Patel
- Department of Medicine, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Wing Kin Liu
- Department of Medicine, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Anna-Mary Young
- Department of Medicine, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Hitendra Rh Patel
- Department of Urology and Endocrine Surgery,University Hospital North Norway, Tromso, Troms Norway
| | - Mehran Afshar
- Department of Medicine, St George's University of London, London, UK
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Thiruvengadam M, Subramanian U, Venkidasamy B, Thirupathi P, Samynathan R, Shariati MA, Rebezov M, Chung IM, Rengasamy KRR. Emerging role of nutritional short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) against cancer via modulation of hematopoiesis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:827-844. [PMID: 34319824 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1954874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of gut microbiota has emerged as a significant frontier in development of strategies to maintain normal human body's homeostasis and preventing the disease development over the last decade. The composition of the gut microbiota influences the clinical benefit of immune checkpoints in patients with advanced cancer, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. Cancer is among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. So far, there is no universal treatment for cancer and despite significant advances, a lot of improvement on cancer therapy is required. Owing to its role in preserving the host's health and maintaining cellular integrity, the human gut microbiome has recently drawn a lot of interest as a target for cancer treatment. Dietary fiber is fermented by the gut microbiota to generate short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, butyrate, and propionate, which are physiologically active metabolites. SCFAs can modulate the pathophysiology of the tumor environment through various critical signaling pathways. In addition, SCFAs can bind to carcinogens and other toxic chemicals, thus facilitating their biotransformation and elimination through different excretory mechanisms. This review discusses the mechanisms of action of short-chain fatty acids in modulating hematopoiesis of various immune system cells and the resultant beneficial anti-cancer effects. It also provides future perspectives on cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Umadevi Subramanian
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - Prabhu Thirupathi
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | | | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Technology of Food Products, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V M Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Green Biotechnologies Research Centre of Excellence, University of Limpopo, Mankweng, South Africa
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Lan HR, Du WL, Liu Y, Mao CS, Jin KT, Yang X. Role of immune regulatory cells in breast cancer: Foe or friend? Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107627. [PMID: 33862552 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women between the ages of 20 and 50, affecting more than 2.1 million people and causing the annual death of more than 627,000 women worldwide. Based on the available knowledge, the immune system and its components are involved in the pathogenesis of several malignancies, including BC. Cancer immunobiology suggests that immune cells can play a dual role and induce anti-tumor or immunosuppressive responses, depending on the tumor microenvironment (TME) signals. The most important effector immune cells with anti-tumor properties are natural killer (NK) cells, B, and T lymphocytes. On the other hand, immune and non-immune cells with regulatory/inhibitory phenotype, including regulatory T cells (Tregs), regulatory B cells (Bregs), tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and regulatory natural killer cells (NKregs), can promote the growth and development of tumor cells by inhibiting anti-tumor responses, inducing angiogenesis and metastasis, as well as the expression of inhibitory molecules and suppressor mediators of the immune system. However, due to the complexity of the interaction and the modification in the immune cells' phenotype and the networking of the immune responses, the exact mechanism of action of the immunosuppressive and regulatory cells is not yet fully understood. This review article reviews the immune responses involved in BC as well as the role of regulatory and inhibitory cells in the pathogenesis of the disease. Finally, therapeutic approaches based on inhibition of immunosuppressive responses derived from regulatory cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Rong Lan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, PR China
| | - Wen-Lin Du
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yuyao Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, PR China
| | - Chun-Sen Mao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, PR China
| | - Ke-Tao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, PR China
| | - Xue Yang
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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Nie Z, Zhao P, Shang Y, Sun B. Nomograms to predict the prognosis in locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma after curative resection. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:372. [PMID: 33827452 PMCID: PMC8028060 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the dominant histologic type of oral cancer. Locally advanced OSCC remains a major therapeutic challenge. Our study aimed to develop and validate nomograms predicting survival prognosis in patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) after curative resection. METHODS A total of 269 consecutive patients with primary OSCC who received curative resection between September 2007 and March 2020 were retrospectively enrolled in our study. Patients were randomly assigned to the training cohort (n = 201) or the validation cohort (n = 68). Multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to determine independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and cancer specific survival (CSS) in the training set, which were used to develop nomogram models estimating 3-, and 5-year OS and CSS. We also evaluated the nomograms using concordance indices (c-index), calibration curves, and decision curve analyses (DCA), and compared those with the AJCC 8th staging system. The results were externally validated in the validation cohort. RESULTS Age, Kaplan-Feinstein (KFI) index, pT, the number of positive nodes and systemic inflammatory index (SII) were significant prognostic predictors for OS and CSS. The OS nomogram had c-index values of 0.712 in the training set and 0.697 in the validation set, while the CSS nomogram exhibited c-index values of 0.709 in the training set and 0.675 in the validation set. These data were superior to those of AJCC 8th staging system, suggesting high discriminative ability of the nomograms. Calibration curves exhibited good agreement between observed and predicted survival. DCA curves indicated the nomograms were with potential clinical usefulness. These results were validated in the validation set. CONCLUSIONS The novel nomograms incorporating clinically available characteristics for OS and CSS prediction were developed in the locally advanced OSCC patients after curative surgery. Validation revealed good discrimination and calibration, indicating the clinical utility of the nomograms in the individualized prognosis prediction of locally advanced OSCC after curative surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Nie
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yishan Shang
- Dalian Municipal Women and Children's Medical Center, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Sun
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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Farshidpour M, Ahmed M, Junna S, Merchant JL. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in gastrointestinal cancers: A systemic review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1-11. [PMID: 33510845 PMCID: PMC7805271 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are one of the most common malignancies worldwide, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are major components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). MDSCs facilitate the transformation of premalignant cells and play roles in tumor growth and metastasis. Moreover, in patients with GI malignancies, MDSCs can lead to the suppression of T cells and natural killer cells. Accordingly, a better understanding of the role and mechanism of action of MDSCs in the TME will aid in the development of novel immune-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maham Farshidpour
- Inpatient Medicine, Banner University of Medical Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Monjur Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Shilpa Junna
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Banner University of Medical Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Juanita L Merchant
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Banner University of Medical Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
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Abukhiran I, Mott SL, Bellizzi AM, Boukhar SA. Paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction: Case report and review of the literature. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 217:153295. [PMID: 33341546 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We recently encountered a patient with unexplained hyperleukocytosis (105.4 K/μL at presentation), subsequently found to have colon cancer with a marked tumor-associated neutrophilic infiltrate; the leukocytosis abruptly improved after tumor removal. Paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction (PLR) is a rare entity, occurring due to tumor cytokine secretion (typically granulocyte-colony stimulating factor [G-CSF]). We describe a case and aggregate results of previously published cases. METHODS We reviewed the English-language literature for all prior reports of PLR, recording age, gender, histologic diagnosis, WBC count, G-CSF level, and overall survival. We analyzed clinicopathologic variables' impact on survival. RESULTS We identified 179 cases (mean age 64; 72 % M). Adeno-, squamous cell, sarcomatoid, and undifferentiated carcinomas accounted for >70 %. Esophagus, gallbladder, lung, liver, and pancreas were the most common primaries. At time of publication 81 % of patients had died, with mean overall survival of 4 months. There was no correlation between WBC count and G-CSF level. On univariate analysis, WBC count was the only variable associated with survival (P = 0.03). Patients with WBC counts >100 K/μL were twice as likely to die as those with counts from 11 K to 40 K/μL. CONCLUSIONS PLR, typically carcinoma-associated, is characterized by dismal prognosis. The WBC count is inversely related to survival. Knowledge of this phenomenon militates against protracted, expensive work ups. In malignant neoplasms with prominent neutrophilic stroma, the pathologist should correlate with the WBC count and, if markedly elevated (>40 K/μL), raise consideration for PLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abukhiran
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics and Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sarah L Mott
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics and Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Andrew M Bellizzi
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics and Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Sarag A Boukhar
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics and Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Azzam O, Hewavitharana CH, Fermoyle S, Prentice D. Paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction in a localised squamous cell oesophageal cancer with paracrine G-CSF production. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/10/e235069. [PMID: 33040032 PMCID: PMC7552795 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-235069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 51-year-old-man presented with symptoms and baseline investigations suggestive of an infective process. Most strikingly, there was a pronounced neutrophil predominant leucocytosis. Lack of a clinical and biochemical response to empirical antibiotic therapy, prompted imaging for a deep-seated infective process, incidentally uncovering a gastro-oesophageal junction tumour. Resection of the tumour was followed by rapid resolution of the leucocytosis. He remains in clinical remission since tumour resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer-associated leukemoid reactions in non-disseminated tumours are rare. The role of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocytes both in the peripheral blood and the tumour itself is discussed herein. There is increasing recognition of the importance of the non-cancer cellular components of the tumour microenvironment. Myeloid suppressor cells are a subset of PMN leucocytes which play a role in tumour progression.The role of these cells and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is highlighted in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Azzam
- Internal Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Soraya Fermoyle
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Prentice
- Internal Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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13
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Arkin FS, Aras G, Dogu E. Comparison of Artificial Neural Networks and Logistic Regression for 30-days Survival Prediction of Cancer Patients. Acta Inform Med 2020; 28:108-113. [PMID: 32742062 PMCID: PMC7382770 DOI: 10.5455/aim.2020.28.108-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A machine learning technique that imitates neural system and brain can provide better than traditional methods like logistic regression for survival prediction and create an algorithm by determining influential factors. Aim To determine the influential factors on survival time of palliative care cancer patients and to compare two statistical methods for better prediction of survival. Methods One-year data is gathered from the patients that we followed in the palliative care clinic of our hospital (2017-2018) (n = 189). All data were retrospectively evaluated. After descriptive statistics, we used Pearson and Spearman correlations for parametric and non-parametric variables. The Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and logistic regression model were applied to parameters which have a significant correlation with short survival. Results Significantly correlated variables with short survival were Palliative Performance Scale (PPS), Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS), Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS), brain, liver, and distant metastasis, hemogram parameters, cero-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin (ALB). ANN model showed 89.3% prediction accuracy while the logistic regression model showed 73.0%. ANN model achieved a better AUC value of 0.86 than logistic regression model (0.76). Discussion There are several prognostic evaluation tools such as PPS, KPS, CRP, albumin, leukocytes, neutrophil were reported several studies as survival-related parameters in logistic regression models, also. Many studies compare ANN with logistic regression. When we evaluated these parameters totally, we observed the same relations with survival then we used the same parameters in the ANN model. The effectivity of the survival prediction models can be improved with the use of ANN. Conclusion ANN provides a more accurate estimation than logistic regression. ANN model is an important statistical method for survival prediction of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Secik Arkin
- Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Palliative Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulfidan Aras
- Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Palliative Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Dogu
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Galatasaray University, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Mabuchi S, Komura N, Sasano T, Shimura K, Yokoi E, Kozasa K, Kuroda H, Takahashi R, Kawano M, Matsumoto Y, Kato H, Hatazawa J, Kimura T. Pretreatment tumor-related leukocytosis misleads positron emission tomography-computed tomography during lymph node staging in gynecological malignancies. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1364. [PMID: 32170086 PMCID: PMC7069975 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The accuracy of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) can be influenced by the increased glycolytic activity of inflammatory lesions. Here, using clinical data obtained from gynecological cancer patients, tumor samples and animal models, we investigate the impact of pretreatment tumor-related leukocytosis (TRL) on the diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in detecting pelvic and paraaortic lymph node metastasis. We demonstrate that pretreatment TRL misleads 18F-FDG-PET/CT during lymph node staging in gynecological malignancies. In the mechanistic investigations, we show that the false-positive 18F-FDG-PET/CT result for detecting nodal metastasis can be reproduced in animal models of TRL-positive cancer bearing G-CSF expressing cervical cancer cells. We also show that increased 18F-FDG uptake in non-metastatic nodes can be explained by the MDSC-mediated premetastatic niche formation in which proinflammatory factors, such as S100A8 or S100A9, are abundantly expressed. Together, our results suggest that the MDSC-mediated premetastatic niche created in the lymph node of TRL-positive patients misleads 18F-FDG-PET/CT for detecting nodal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Mabuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
| | - Naoko Komura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Sasano
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kotaro Shimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eriko Yokoi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsumi Kozasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kuroda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoko Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mahiru Kawano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuri Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Hatazawa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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15
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Bergenfelz C, Leandersson K. The Generation and Identity of Human Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:109. [PMID: 32117758 PMCID: PMC7025543 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are cells of myeloid lineage with a potent immunosuppressive capacity. They are present in cancer patients as well as in patients with severe inflammatory conditions and infections. MDSCs exist as two main subtypes, the granulocytic (G-MDSCs) and the monocytic (Mo-MDSCs) type, as defined by their surface phenotype and functions. While the functions of MDSCs have been investigated in depth, the origin of human MDSCs is less characterized and even controversial. In this review, we recapitulate theories on how MDSCs are generated in mice, and whether this knowledge is translatable into human MDSC biology, as well as on problems of defining MDSCs by their immature cell surface phenotype in relation to the plasticity of myeloid cells. Finally, the challenge of pharmacological targeting of MDSCs in the future is envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bergenfelz
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Experimental Infection Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karin Leandersson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Cancer Immunology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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16
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Abukhiran IA, Jasser J, Syrbu S. Paraneoplastic leukemoid reactions induced by cytokine-secreting tumours. J Clin Pathol 2020; 73:310-313. [PMID: 31941653 PMCID: PMC7279568 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction (PLR) is the extreme leukocytosis that occurs due to a non-haematolymphoid cytokine-secreting tumour (CST) in the absence of bone marrow infiltration by that solid tumour. The clinical presentation is widely variable, and therefore challenging. If the underlying malignancy is not clinically apparent, PLR could be mistaken for myeloproliferative neoplasms, altering the patient’s management. CSTs are highly aggressive tumours associated with a poor prognosis due to multiple mechanisms. Localising and treating the underlying malignancy is the mainstay of treatment. Both the treating clinician and the pathologist should keep a high level of suspicion for this entity in patients having unexplained leukocytosis. We herein discuss the underlying mechanisms, clinical presentation, pathological features, differential diagnosis and prognosis of this rare entity. An emphasis on the role of the pathologist is provided since the lack of knowledge on this entity can lead to dramatic effects on the patient, including unnecessary diagnostic testing and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Abukhiran
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Judy Jasser
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Sergei Syrbu
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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17
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Han X, Shi H, Sun Y, Shang C, Luan T, Wang D, Ba X, Zeng X. CXCR2 expression on granulocyte and macrophage progenitors under tumor conditions contributes to mo-MDSC generation via SAP18/ERK/STAT3. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:598. [PMID: 31395859 PMCID: PMC6687752 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) comprise a critical component of the tumor environment and CXCR2 reportedly plays a key role in the pathophysiology of various inflammatory diseases. Here, CXCR2 expression on granulocyte and macrophage progenitor cells (GMPs) was found to participate in myeloid cell differentiation within the tumor environment. In CXCR2-deficient tumor-bearing mice, GMPs exhibited fewer macrophage and dendritic cell progenitor cells than wild-type tumor-bearing mice, thereby decreasing monocytic MDSCs (mo-MDSCs) expansion. CXCR2 deficiency increased SAP18 expression in tumor-bearing mice, which reduced STAT3 phosphorylation through restraining ERK1/2 activation. Our findings reveal a critical role for CXCR2 in regulating hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation under tumor conditions, and SAP18 is a key negative regulator in this process. Thus, inhibiting CXCR2 expression may alter the tumor microenvironment and attenuate tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Han
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | | | - Yingying Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chao Shang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tao Luan
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dake Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xueqing Ba
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Xianlu Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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18
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Hu B, Sang XT, Yang XB. Paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction in a patient with sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:1330-1336. [PMID: 31236397 PMCID: PMC6580346 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i11.1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma (SHC) combined with paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction (PLR), which is associated with a poor prognosis, is rarely seen in the clinic. Here, we report the case of a patient in the above situation.
CASE SUMMARY A 75-year-old female patient with a past medical history of hypertension and cerebral infarction paid a hospital visit as a result of right upper quadrant abdominal pain and anorexia for two months. Laboratory examination revealed a white blood cell (WBC) count of 43790/μL, which was then increased up to 77050/μL. In addition, the results of bone marrow examination suggested a leukemoid reaction. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a focal hepatic mass, which was confirmed through pathological examination to be an SHC postoperatively. In addition, the WBC count had fallen to a normal level before she left the hospital. However, the patient died two and a half months after the second hospital admission.
CONCLUSION This is a rare case of SHC combined with PLR, both of which have an extremely poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xin-Ting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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19
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Pawelec G, Verschoor CP, Ostrand-Rosenberg S. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Not Only in Tumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1099. [PMID: 31156644 PMCID: PMC6529572 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the realization that immature myeloid cells are powerful modulators of the immune response, many studies on “myeloid-derived suppressor cells” (MDSCs) have documented their ability to promote tumor progression in melanoma and other cancers. Whether MDSCs are induced solely pathologically in tumorigenesis, or whether they also represent physiological immune control mechanisms, is not well-understood, but is particularly important in the light of ongoing attempts to block their activities in order to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Here, we briefly review studies which explore (1) how best to identify MDSCs in the context of cancer and how this compares to other conditions in humans; (2) what the suppressive mechanisms of MDSCs are and how to target them pharmacologically; (3) whether levels of MDSCs with various phenotypes are informative for clinical outcome not only in cancer but also other diseases, and (4) whether MDSCs are only found under pathological conditions or whether they also represent a physiological regulatory mechanism for the feedback control of immunity. Studies unequivocally document that MDSCs strongly influence cancer outcomes, but are less informative regarding their relevance to infection, autoimmunity, transplantation and aging, especially in humans. So far, the results of clinical interventions to reverse their negative effects in cancer have been disappointing; thus, developing differential approaches to modulate MSDCs in cancer and other diseases without unduly comprising any normal physiological function requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Pawelec
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Chris P Verschoor
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Suzanne Ostrand-Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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20
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Shearer JJ, Beane Freeman LE, Liu D, Andreotti G, Hamilton J, Happel J, Lynch CF, Alavanja MC, Hofmann JN. Longitudinal investigation of haematological alterations among permethrin-exposed pesticide applicators in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture study. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:467-470. [PMID: 30962255 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Permethrin use has been associated with an increased risk of multiple myeloma (MM) among pesticide applicators. However, the biological plausibility and mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to assess whether exposure to permethrin is related to haematological alterations among occupationally exposed pesticide applicators. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal study among 33 pesticide applicators in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture study comparing haematological parameters in the offseason with the day after permethrin exposure and, for 27 participants, approximately 3 weeks postexposure. Complete blood counts with white blood cell differential and lymphocyte subsets were measured at each visit. Multivariate linear mixed effects models were used to assess the relationship between natural log-transformed haematological parameters and exposure to permethrin. RESULTS The adjusted geometric mean immature granulocyte count was elevated among pesticide applicators following permethrin exposure compared with their offseason levels (37% increase, 95% CI 6% to 76%). Modest but statistically significant (p<0.05) alterations in red blood cell (RBC) parameters (eg, decreased RBC count and haemoglobin and increased mean corpuscular volume and RBC distribution width-SD) were also observed the day after permethrin use compared with offseason levels; decreases in RBC count and haemoglobin and increases in RBC distribution width-SD persisted approximately 3 weeks after permethrin use. CONCLUSIONS Altered haematological parameters could be indicative of disrupted haematopoiesis, providing insights into the biological plausibility of the observed association between permethrin use and MM risk among pesticide applicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Shearer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Danping Liu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gabriella Andreotti
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Hamilton
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Julie Happel
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Charles F Lynch
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Michael C Alavanja
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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21
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αEβ7 Expression Increases With the Extent of Cutaneous Involvement in Mycosis Fungoides. Am J Dermatopathol 2019; 41:630-636. [PMID: 30839339 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell adhesion molecules are essential to lymphocyte migration in neoplastic and inflammatory skin diseases. Our aim was to investigate possible differences in cell adhesion molecule expression between mycosis fungoides (MF) and inflammatory skin diseases (drug reactions and allergic contact dermatitis). METHODS We selected 33 biopsies from patients with MF and 10 biopsies of patients with inflammatory skin diseases from Department of Pathology-Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) from January 1997 to December 2013. Expression of α4β1 integrin and αEβ7 integrin was assessed by immunohistochemistry in intraepidermal lymphocytes by counting 4 microscopic epidermal fields (×400) and comparing those between the 2 groups. RESULTS We observed increased expression of integrin αEβ7 in intraepidermal lymphocytes in advanced stages of MF (T3 and T4). αEβ7 expression was detected in intraepidermal dendritic cells of MF and inflammatory diseases samples. The expression of E-cadherin in epidermal cells in MF outlined Pautrier microabscesses, whereas in inflammatory diseases, spongiosis reduced its expression in keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS The findings presented here support the idea that the lymphocyte migratory mechanism observed in neoplasms is similar to that of inflammatory processes of the skin.
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22
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Riemann D, Cwikowski M, Turzer S, Giese T, Grallert M, Schütte W, Seliger B. Blood immune cell biomarkers in lung cancer. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 195:179-189. [PMID: 30246868 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of host immune cell parameters prior to treatment is expected to identify biomarkers predictive of clinical outcome as well as to elucidate why some patients fail to respond to immunotherapy. We monitored blood immune cells from 58 patients with non-small- cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing surgery of the primary tumor and from 50 age-matched healthy volunteers. Complete leukocyte blood count, the number of circulating dendritic cells (DC), HLA-DRlow monocytes and several lymphocytic subpopulations were determined by eight-color flow cytometry. Furthermore, the prognostic value of the immune cell parameters investigated was evaluated by patients' survival analysis. Compared to the control group, blood of NSCLC patients contained more neutrophils resulting in a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), but a lower number of blood DC, in particular of plasmacytoid DC (pDC), natural killer (NK) cells and naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, a higher frequency of CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and HLA-DRlow monocytes was detected, and smoking had a significant impact on these values. HLA-DRlow monocytes were positively correlated to the number of neutrophils, monocytes and NLR, but negatively associated with the number of pDC and naive CD4+ T cells. The frequency of Treg, HLA-DRlow monocytes and naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as the ratios of CD4/HLA-DRlow monocytes and HLA-DRlow monocytes/pDC correlated with patient's overall survival. Next to Treg, HLA-DRlow monocytes and naive T cells represent prognostic markers for NSCLC patients and might be useful for monitoring of patients' responses to immunotherapies in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Riemann
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - M Cwikowski
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - S Turzer
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - T Giese
- Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - M Grallert
- Department of Thorax Surgery of the Hospital Martha-Maria Halle-Dölau, Halle, Germany
| | - W Schütte
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, Hospital Martha-Maria Halle-Dölau, Halle, Germany
| | - B Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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23
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Schernberg A, Mezquita L, Boros A, Botticella A, Caramella C, Besse B, Escande A, Planchard D, Le Péchoux C, Deutsch E. Neutrophilia as prognostic biomarker in locally advanced stage III lung cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204490. [PMID: 30304046 PMCID: PMC6179235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the prognostic value of baseline leukocytosis or neutrophiliain two retrospective cohorts of stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients. Materials and methods Clinical records of consecutive previously untreated NSCLC patients in our Institution between June 2001 and September 2016 for stage III NSCLC were collected. The prognostic value of pretreatment leucocyte disorders was examined, with focus on patterns of relapse and survival. Leukocytosis and neutrophilia were defined as a leukocyte count or a neutrophil count exceeding 10 and 7 G/L, respectively. Results We identified 238 patients, displaying baseline leukocytosis or neutrophilia in 39% and 40% respectively. Most were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma (48%), and stage IIIB NSCLC (58%). 3-year actuarial overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 35% and 27% respectively. Local relapses were reported in 100 patients (42%), and distant metastases in 132 patients (55%). In multivariate analysis, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and induction chemotherapy regimen based on carboplatin/paclitaxel were associated with worse OS and PFS (p<0.05). Neutrophilia independently decreased Locoregional Control (LRC) (HR = 2.5, p<0.001) and Distant Metastasis Control (DMC) (HR = 2.1, p<0.001). Neutrophilia was significantly associated with worse brain metastasis control (p = 0.004), mostly in adenocarcinoma patients (p<0.001). Conclusion In stage III NSCLC patients, treated with concurrent cisplatin-based chemoradiation, baseline leukocytosis and neutrophilia were associated with worse OS, PFS, LRC, and DMC. In addition with previously available markers, this independent cost-effective biomarker could help to stratify stage III NSCLC population with more accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Schernberg
- Radiation oncology department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- INSERM 1030, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Angela Boros
- Radiation oncology department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Angela Botticella
- Radiation oncology department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Caroline Caramella
- Department of Radiology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Benjamin Besse
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Faculté de médecine du Kremlin-Bicetre, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Alexandre Escande
- Radiation oncology department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - David Planchard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Cécile Le Péchoux
- Radiation oncology department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Deutsch
- Radiation oncology department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- INSERM 1030, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Department of Radiology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Faculté de médecine du Kremlin-Bicetre, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
- * E-mail:
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24
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Morizawa Y, Miyake M, Shimada K, Hori S, Tatsumi Y, Nakai Y, Tanaka N, Fujii T, Fujimoto K. Colony-stimulating factors detected in tumor cells and voided urine are potential prognostic markers for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy. Res Rep Urol 2018; 10:103-111. [PMID: 30288389 PMCID: PMC6159788 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s166497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical use of macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has improved the safety of cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, the overexpression of these CSFs in cancers has been reported to be associated with a poor prognosis in various malignancies. We evaluated the potential of CSF expression as a predictor of clinical outcome in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Methods Consecutive patients (n=58) with MIBC who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) were included in this retrospective study. Treatment-naïve tumor specimens obtained by initial transurethral resection of bladder tumors prior to RC were immunostained with antibodies against macrophage colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF, and GM-CSF. We compared the clinicopathological variables and survival between these groups. Baseline levels of CSFs in the serum and voided urine were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared with the expression of CSFs in the tumor lesions. Results Low expression of GM-CSF in the tumor cells was significantly correlated with a pathological T4 category (vs T2–3; P=0.02). In univariate survival analysis, high G-CSF and low GM-CSF expression in the tumor lesion were associated with poor outcomes. Furthermore, Cox proportional regression analysis revealed that high G-CSF and low GM-CSF expression in the tumor were independent predictors of shorter recurrence-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival. The levels of CSFs in voided urine were associated with the expression of CSFs in the tumor lesions. Conclusion GM-CSF and G-CSF expression in the tumor lesions obtained by initial transurethral resection are independent predictors of poor outcome in MIBC after RC. Levels of G-CSF and GM-CSF in urine before treatment could be useful in prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Morizawa
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan,
| | - Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan,
| | - Keiji Shimada
- Department of Pathology, Nara City Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Shunta Hori
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan,
| | | | - Yasushi Nakai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan,
| | | | - Tomomi Fujii
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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25
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Åström M, Tajeddinn W, Karlsson MG, Linder O, Palmblad J, Lindblad P. Cytokine Measurements for Diagnosing and Characterizing Leukemoid Reactions and Immunohistochemical Validation of a Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and CXCL8-Producing Renal Cell Carcinoma. Biomark Insights 2018; 13:1177271918792246. [PMID: 30147294 PMCID: PMC6100120 DOI: 10.1177/1177271918792246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various paraneoplastic syndromes are encountered in renal cell carcinomas. This case report illustrates that a paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction may precede the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma and be explained by cytokine production from the cancer cells. Case presentations A 64-year-old man was referred for hematology workup due to pronounced leukocytosis. While being evaluated for a possible hematologic malignancy as the cause, he was found to have a metastasized renal cell carcinoma, and hyperleukocytosis was classified as a leukemoid reaction. A multiplex panel for measurement of 25 serum cytokines/chemokines showed highly elevated levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and CXCL8 (C-X-C-motif chemokine ligand 8, previously known as interleukin [IL]-8). By immunohistochemistry it was shown that the renal carcinoma cells expressed both these cytokines. Two additional, consecutive patients with renal cell carcinoma with paraneoplastic leukocytosis also showed elevated serum levels of CXCL8, but not of G-CSF. Nonparametric statistical evaluation showed significantly higher serum concentrations of CXCL8, IL-6, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor, but lower interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-1α, for the 3 renal cell carcinoma cases compared with healthy blood donors. Conclusions In suspected paraneoplastic leukocytosis, multiplex serum cytokine analyses may facilitate diagnosis and provide an understanding of the mechanisms for the reaction. In the index patient, combined G-CSF and CXCL8 protein expression by renal carcinoma cells was uniquely documented. A rapidly fatal course was detected in all 3 cases, congruent with the concept that autocrine/paracrine growth signaling in renal carcinoma cells may induce an aggressive tumor phenotype. Immune profiling studies could improve our understanding for possible targets when choosing therapies for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Åström
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,iRiSC - Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Walid Tajeddinn
- iRiSC - Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mats G Karlsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Olle Linder
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jan Palmblad
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Lindblad
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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26
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Lioni A, Zorzou MP, Kollia C, Loulakis D, Ntziora F, Stergiou F, Boboli M, Chini M. Syphilis infection in an HIV patient presenting with leukemoid reaction: Case report and review of the literature. Infect Dis Rep 2018; 10:7410. [PMID: 29721241 PMCID: PMC5907733 DOI: 10.4081/idr.2018.7410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemoid reaction (LR) is an uncommon though dreadful sign for the treating physician, as it is related to increased mortality. In the few series that have addressed its incidence and clinical significance, infectious causes count for about half of the cases of LR, the rest accounting for cancer, drugs or rarer causes. In the HIV setting, it represents an even rarer event, owing probably to the impaired granulocytic response of AIDS patients to bacterial agents. However no report exists as to the incidence of LR to the immune-restored HIV patients adequately treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Syphilis is a well known cause of mild lymphocytosis, though only one report of LR exists in the congenital setting. We hereby report a case of an HIV patient adequately treated with ART, who presented with LR with a lymphomonocytic preponderance after infection with treponema pallidum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christina Kollia
- Internal Medicine Department Red Cross Hospital Korgialeneio Benakeio, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Loulakis
- Internal Medicine Department Red Cross Hospital Korgialeneio Benakeio, Athens, Greece
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27
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Escande A, Haie-Meder C, Maroun P, Gouy S, Mazeron R, Leroy T, Bentivegna E, Morice P, Deutsch E, Chargari C. Neutrophilia in locally advanced cervical cancer: A novel biomarker for image-guided adaptive brachytherapy? Oncotarget 2018; 7:74886-74894. [PMID: 27713124 PMCID: PMC5342709 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the prognostic value of leucocyte disorders in a prospective cohort of cervical cancer patients receiving definitive chemoradiation plus image—guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT). Results 113 patients were identified. All patients received a pelvic irradiation concomitant with chemotherapy, extended to the para-aortic area in 13 patients with IVB disease. Neutrophilia and leukocytosis were significant univariate prognostic factors for poorer local failure-free survival (p = 0.000 and p = 0.002, respectively), associated with tumor size, high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) and anemia. No effect was shown for distant metastases but leukocytosis and neutrophila were both poor prognostic factors for in-field relapses (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, HR-CTV volume (p = 0.026) and neutrophils count > 7,500/μl (p = 0.018) were independent factors for poorer survival without local failure, with hazard ratio (HR) of 3.1. Materials and methods We examined patients treated in our Institution between April 2009 and July 2015 by concurrent chemoradiation (45 Gy in 25 fractions +/− lymph node boosts) followed by a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided adaptive pulse-dose rate brachytherapy (15 Gy to the intermediate-risk clinical target volume). The prognostic value of pretreatment leucocyte disorders was examined. Leukocytosis and neutrophilia were defined as a leukocyte count or a neutrophils count exceeding 10,000 and 7,500/μl, respectively. Conclusions Neutrophilia is a significant prognostic factor for local relapse in locally advanced cervical cancer treated with MRI-based IGABT. This biomarker could help identifying patients with higher risk of local relapse and requiring dose escalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Escande
- Radiotherapy Department, Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Christine Haie-Meder
- Radiotherapy Department, Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Maroun
- Radiotherapy Department, Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Faculté de Médecine PARIS Sud, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, France
| | - Sébastien Gouy
- Department of Surgery, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Renaud Mazeron
- Radiotherapy Department, Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Thomas Leroy
- Radiotherapy Department, Oscar Lambret Comprehensive Cancer Center, Lille, France
| | | | - Philippe Morice
- Faculté de Médecine PARIS Sud, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, France.,Department of Surgery, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,INSERM1030, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Deutsch
- Radiotherapy Department, Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Faculté de Médecine PARIS Sud, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, France.,INSERM1030, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Cyrus Chargari
- Radiotherapy Department, Brachytherapy Unit, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Faculté de Médecine PARIS Sud, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, France.,INSERM1030, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,French Military Health Services Academy, Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France.,Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
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28
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Modulation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAM) Phenotype by Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) Receptor. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:5482768. [PMID: 29445756 PMCID: PMC5763242 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5482768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several types of tumors. The biological effects of PAF are mediated by the PAF receptor (PAFR), which can be expressed by tumor cells and host cells that infiltrate the tumor microenvironment. In the present study, we investigated the role of PAFR expressed by leukocytes that infiltrate two types of tumors, one that expresses PAFR (TC-1 carcinoma) and another that does not express the receptor (B16F10 melanoma) implanted in mice that express the receptor or not (PAFR KO). It was found that both tumors grew significantly less in PAFR KO than in wild-type (WT) mice. Analysis of the leukocyte infiltration shown in PAFR KO increased the frequency of neutrophils (Gr1+) and of CD8+ lymphocytes in B16F10 tumors and of CD4+ lymphocytes in TC-1 tumors. PAFR KO also had a higher frequency of M1-like (CD11c+) and lower M2-like (CD206+) macrophages infiltrated in both tumors. This was confirmed in macrophages isolated from the tumors that showed higher iNOS, lower arginase activity, and lower IL10 expression in PAFR KO tumors than WT mice. These data suggest that in the tumor microenvironment, endogenous PAF-like activity molecules bind PAFR in macrophages which acquire an M2-like profile and this promotes tumor growth.
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29
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Kamran N, Li Y, Sierra M, Alghamri MS, Kadiyala P, Appelman HD, Edwards M, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Melanoma induced immunosuppression is mediated by hematopoietic dysregulation. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1408750. [PMID: 29399415 PMCID: PMC5790391 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1408750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors are associated with expansion of immunosuppressive cells such as tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These cells promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis and immune escape. Cancer patients frequently present symptoms such as anemia, leukocytosis and/or cytopenia; associated with poor prognosis. To uncover tumor-mediated hematopoietic abnormalities and identify novel targets that can be harnessed to improve tumor-specific immune responses, we investigated the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell compartment in melanoma bearing mice. We show that melanoma growth results in expansion of myeloid lineages such as MDSCs, macrophages and DCs along with a reduction in mature RBCs and platelets. Mature B lymphocytes in the blood and BM of melanoma mice were also reduced. Mice bearing melanoma showed extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen. Increased expansion of myeloid lineages occurred directly at the level of stem and progenitor cells. The reduction in mature B lymphocytes resulted from a block at the Pro-B cell stage in the bone marrow. Addition of recombinant IL-3 to bone marrow cells resulted in the expansion of committed myeloid progenitors including common myeloid precursors, granulocyte-monocyte precursors and megakaryocyte-erythrocyte precursors. In vivo, IL-3 receptor stimulation in melanoma bearing mice using an IL-3 antibody also resulted in a robust expansion of committed myeloid progenitors and hematopoietic stem cells. Collectively our findings demonstrate that tumor growth plays a pivotal role in reprogramming the host immune system by impacting hematopoiesis directly at the level of stem cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kamran
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Youping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria Sierra
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mahmoud S. Alghamri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Padma Kadiyala
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Henry D. Appelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 5220 Med Sci I, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marta Edwards
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pedro R. Lowenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria G. Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, MSRB II, RM 4570 C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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30
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Sangaletti S, Tripodo C, Santangelo A, Castioni N, Portararo P, Gulino A, Botti L, Parenza M, Cappetti B, Orlandi R, Tagliabue E, Chiodoni C, Colombo MP. Mesenchymal Transition of High-Grade Breast Carcinomas Depends on Extracellular Matrix Control of Myeloid Suppressor Cell Activity. Cell Rep 2017; 17:233-248. [PMID: 27681434 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) contributes to the biological and clinical heterogeneity of breast cancer, and different prognostic groups can be identified according to specific ECM signatures. In high-grade, but not low-grade, tumors, an ECM signature characterized by high SPARC expression (ECM3) identifies tumors with increased epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), reduced treatment response, and poor prognosis. To better understand how this ECM3 signature is contributing to tumorigenesis, we expressed SPARC in isogenic cell lines and found that SPARC overexpression in tumor cells reduces their growth rate and induces EMT. SPARC expression also results in the formation of a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment, composed by infiltrating T regulatory cells, mast cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). The ability of SPARC to induce EMT depended on the localization and suppressive function of myeloid cells, and inhibition of the suppressive function MDSCs by administration of aminobisphosphonates could revert EMT, rendering SPARC-overexpressing tumor cells sensitive to Doxil. We conclude that that SPARC is regulating the interplay between MDSCs and the ECM to drive the induction of EMT in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Sangaletti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Department of Health Science, Palermo University School of Medicine, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Santangelo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Castioni
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Portararo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gulino
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Department of Health Science, Palermo University School of Medicine, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Botti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mariella Parenza
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Cappetti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosaria Orlandi
- Molecular Targets Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elda Tagliabue
- Molecular Targets Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Chiodoni
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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31
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Lee SF, Luque-Fernandez MA. Prognostic value of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in follicular lymphoma: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017904. [PMID: 29101140 PMCID: PMC5695484 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The clinical course and prognosis of follicular lymphoma (FL) are diverse and associated with the patient's immune response. We investigated the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as prognostic factors in patients with FL, including those receiving radiotherapy. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING Regional cancer centre in Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS 88 patients with histologically proven FL diagnosed between 2000 and 2014. MATERIALS AND METHODS The best LMR and NLR cut-off values were determined using cross-validated areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves. The extent to which progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival differed by NLR and LMR cut-off values was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests. A Cox proportional hazards model was fitted to adjust for confounders. RESULTS The best cut-off values for LMR and NLR were 3.20 and 2.18, respectively. The 5-year PFS was 73.6%. After multivariate adjustment, high LMR (>3.20) at diagnosis was associated with superior PFS, with a HR of 0.31 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.71), whereas high NLR at relapse was associated with poorer postprogression survival (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.49). CONCLUSIONS Baseline LMR and NLR at relapse were shown to be independent prognostic factors in FL. LMR and NLR are cheap and widely available biomarkers that could be used in combination with the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index by clinicians to better predict prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing Fung Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Miguel Angel Luque-Fernandez
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, Cancer Survival Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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32
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Wilcox RA. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: 2017 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. Am J Hematol 2017; 92:1085-1102. [PMID: 28872191 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DISEASE OVERVIEW Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are a heterogenous group of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders involving the skin, the majority of which may be classified as Mycosis Fungoides (MF) or Sézary Syndrome (SS). DIAGNOSIS The diagnosis of MF or SS requires the integration of clinical and histopathologic data. RISK-ADAPTED THERAPY TNMB (tumor, node, metastasis, blood) staging remains the most important prognostic factor in MF/SS and forms the basis for a "risk-adapted," multi-disciplinary approach to treatment. For patients with disease limited to the skin, expectant management or skin-directed therapies is preferred, as both disease-specific and overall survival for these patients is favorable. In contrast, patients with advanced-stage disease with significant nodal, visceral or blood involvement are generally approached with biologic-response modifiers or histone deacetylase inhibitors prior to escalating therapy to include systemic, single-agent chemotherapy. In highly-selected patients, allogeneic stem-cell transplantation may be considered, as this may be curative in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Wilcox
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center; Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-5948
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Sevmis M, Yoyen-Ermis D, Aydin C, Bilgic E, Korkusuz P, Uner A, Hamaloglu E, Esendagli G, Karakoc D. Splenectomy-Induced Leukocytosis Promotes Intratumoral Accumulation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells, Angiogenesis and Metastasis. Immunol Invest 2017; 46:663-676. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2017.1360339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Sevmis
- Department of General Surgery, Medical Faculty, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Digdem Yoyen-Ermis
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cisel Aydin
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Bilgic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Petek Korkusuz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Uner
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erhan Hamaloglu
- Department of General Surgery, Medical Faculty, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gunes Esendagli
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Karakoc
- Department of General Surgery, Medical Faculty, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Okazawa-Sakai M, Mabuchi S, Isohashi F, Kawashima A, Yokoi E, Ogawa K, Kimura T. Predictors of distant relapse in patients with FIGO stage IIB-IVA cervical cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2017; 43:1743-1750. [DOI: 10.1111/jog.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mika Okazawa-Sakai
- Department of Gynecological Oncology; National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center; Matsuyama Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Suita Japan
| | - Seiji Mabuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Suita Japan
| | - Fumiaki Isohashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Suita Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawashima
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Suita Japan
| | - Eriko Yokoi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Suita Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ogawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Suita Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Suita Japan
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Boddu P, Villlines D, Aklilu M. [Paraneoplastic Leukocytosis and Thrombocytosis as Prognostic Biomarkers in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2017; 19:725-730. [PMID: 27866514 PMCID: PMC5999634 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2016.11.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Search for inexpensive laboratory markers have identified associations between blood counts and lung cancer outcomes. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic value of paraneoplastic leukocytosis (p-Leukocytosis) and paraneoplastic thrombocytosis (p-Thrombocytosis) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We also studied their relation to the expression of commonly detected molecular markers. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review on 571 consecutive NSCLC patients over a 10 year period. Blood counts were recorded at the time of cancer diagnosis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare overall survival (OS) between patients with and without p-Leukocytosis (or) p-Thrombocytosis (p-Leuko/Thrombocytosis). Cox regression was used to determine if leukocytosis/thrombocytosis was a predictor of OS in NSCLC. Results Patients with p-Leukocytosis and p-Thrombocytosis had a significantly poorer survival compared patients with normal blood counts (P < 0.001). In a multivariate survival analysis, both continued to correlate even when adjusted for histology, gender, stage and chemotherapy (P < 0.01, 0.03 respectively). Stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ NSCLC with p-Leuko/Thrombocytosis did not perform poorly compared to stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ NSCLC patients without paraneoplasia. Patients with the combined leukothrombocytosis syndrome did not have worse outcomes compared to those with either paraneoplastic syndrome alone. Conclusions p-Leuko/Thrombocytosis is an accessible laboratory parameter of prognostic value in NSCLC. Evidence of p-Leuko/Thrombocytosis portends poor survival. The role of various cytokines in tumor pathobiology provides a rationale for identifying cytokine factors responsible for the paraneoplasia and administering anti-cytokine therapies alongside traditional chemotherapy in an attempt to improve survival outcomes in these subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajwal Boddu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60657, USA
| | - Dana Villlines
- Department of Clinical Research, Advocate Illinois Masonic Hospital, Chicago, IL 60657, USA
| | - Mebea Aklilu
- Hematology/Oncology, Advocate Creticos Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60657, USA
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Schernberg A, Escande A, Rivin Del Campo E, Ducreux M, Nguyen F, Goere D, Chargari C, Deutsch E. Leukocytosis and neutrophilia predicts outcome in anal cancer. Radiother Oncol 2017; 122:137-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors and establish a model for predicting life expectancy in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IVB cervical cancer patients. METHODS The baseline characteristics and outcome data of patients with stage IVB cervical cancer between May 1994 and October 2014 were collected and retrospectively reviewed. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify independent predictors of survival in stage IVB cervical cancer patients. RESULTS A total of 107 patients were included in our database. The median overall survival (OS) period was 16 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that the metastatic site (hazards ratio, 3.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.94-4.88; P < 0.0001) and a white blood cell (WBC) count exceeding 10,000/μL (hazards ratio, 2.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-3.30; P = 0.0102) were significant prognostic factors in terms of OS. Patient survival was inversely correlated with the number of these prognostic factors possessed. When the patients were divided into 3 prognostic groups, the median OS of the patients with 0, 1, or 2 poor prognostic factors was 26, 12, and 7 months, respectively. Among the patients with WBC counts of less than 10,000/μL, treatment with radiotherapy resulted in improved survival compared with chemotherapy or palliative care alone. In contrast, radiotherapy had minimal effects on survival in patients with WBC counts of greater than 10,000/μL. CONCLUSIONS The metastatic site and an elevated WBC count are significant prognostic factors in patients with stage IVB cervical cancer. Our prognostic model composed of these 2 clinical variables might enable physicians to predict survival more accurately.
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Polk A, Lu Y, Wang T, Seymour E, Bailey NG, Singer JW, Boonstra PS, Lim MS, Malek S, Wilcox RA. Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor Is Required for Nurse-like Cell Survival in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:6118-6128. [PMID: 27334834 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-3099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Monocytes and their progeny are abundant constituents of the tumor microenvironment in lymphoproliferative disorders, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Monocyte-derived cells, including nurse-like cells (NLC) in CLL, promote lymphocyte proliferation and survival, confer resistance to chemotherapy, and are associated with more rapid disease progression. Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) regulates the homeostatic survival of tissue-resident macrophages. Therefore, we sought to determine whether CSF-1R is similarly required for NLC survival. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CSF-1R expression by NLC was examined by flow cytometry and IHC. CSF-1R blocking studies were performed using an antagonistic mAb to examine its role in NLC generation and in CLL survival. A rational search strategy was performed to identify a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting CSF-1R. The influence of TKI-mediated CSF-1R inhibition on NLC and CLL viability was examined. RESULTS We demonstrated that the generation and survival of NLC in CLL is dependent upon CSF-1R signaling. CSF-1R blockade is associated with significant depletion of NLC and consequently inhibits CLL B-cell survival. We found that the JAK2/FLT3 inhibitor pacritinib suppresses CSF-1R signaling, thereby preventing the generation and survival of NLC and impairs CLL B-cell viability. CONCLUSIONS CSF-1R is a novel therapeutic target that may be exploited in lymphoproliferative disorders, like CLL, that are dependent upon lymphoma-associated macrophages. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6118-28. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery Polk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Erlene Seymour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | - Philip S Boonstra
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Megan S Lim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sami Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ryan A Wilcox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Diniz MO, Sales NS, Silva JR, Ferreira LCS. Protection against HPV-16-Associated Tumors Requires the Activation of CD8+ Effector Memory T Cells and the Control of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1920-30. [PMID: 27222537 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Active anticancer immunotherapeutic approaches have been shown to induce cellular or humoral immune responses in patients, but, thus far, the observed outcomes did not ensure their recommendation for clinical use. The induction of tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells, although required for the clearance of most solid tumors, was shown to be insufficient for the development of a successful immunotherapeutic approach. The suppressive immune environment triggered by tumors, including the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), is detrimental to the development of antitumor immune responses and precludes the generation of more promising clinical outcomes. In this work, we characterized the CD8(+) T-cell population specifically involved in the control of tumor growth and the role of MDSCs after administration of an antitumor therapeutic DNA vaccine targeting human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16)-associated tumors. Activation of cytotoxic high-avidity CD8(+) T cells with an effector memory phenotype was found in mice grafted with tumor cells expressing the HPV-16 oncoproteins. In addition, MDSC antibody depletion further enhanced the immunotherapeutic effects of the vaccine, resulting in the complete eradication of tumor cells. Collectively, the current results indicate that the simultaneous control of MDSCs and activation of high-avidity tumor-specific effector memory CD8(+) T cells are key features for tumor protection by immunotherapeutic approaches and deserve further testing under clinical conditions. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(8); 1920-30. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana O Diniz
- Department of Microbiology, Vaccine Development Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Natiely S Sales
- Department of Microbiology, Vaccine Development Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jamile R Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Vaccine Development Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos S Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology, Vaccine Development Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chatterjee R, Chattopadhyay S, Law S. Alteration of classical and hematopoiesis specific p53 pathway in the bone marrow hematopoietic stem/progenitor compartment facilitates leukemia progression in experimental mice. Leuk Res 2016; 47:70-7. [PMID: 27280487 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Downregulation of p53 is associated with most of the neoplasms, however it claims additional significance for hematopoietic malignancy due to its supplementary role during hematopoiesis. Apart from the classical role as tumor suppressor, p53 during steady state hematopoiesis is associated with the maintenance of quiescent cell population in bone marrow by upregulating necdin (Ndn) and Gfi-1. We felt, it is necessary to delineate its attribution towards malignant conversion of hematopoietic system during leukemogenesis from all the possible angles. The present study deals with the characterization of N-N' Ethylnitrosourea (ENU) induced mouse model of leukemia by peripheral blood hemogram, bone marrow cytology, histology, cytochemical staining (MPO) and scanning electron microscopic study. We further investigated the alteration of conventional and hematopoiesis specific p53 pathways by flowcytometric expressional analysis of ATM, Chk-2, p53, p21, Ndn, Gfi-1 and Tie-2. The disruption of classical p53 pathway was observed in leukemic hematopoietic stem/progenitor population which involved downregulation of ATM, Chk-2, p53 and p21. Moreover, the expressional decline of Ndn and Gfi-1 hinted towards the mechanism of hindrance of hematopoietic quiescency in leukemic bone marrow. Increased expression of Tie-2 due to reverse correlation with p53 was found to be responsible for pathological angiogenesis in bone marrow together with increased blast burden in bone marrow during leukemia. The study presents the mechanistic scenario of the alteration of both classical as well as hematopoiesis specific p53 pathways in HSPC compartment triggering leukemic pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritam Chatterjee
- Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R Avenue, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Sukalpa Chattopadhyay
- Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R Avenue, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujata Law
- Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R Avenue, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India.
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Jing X, Sonoki T, Miyajima M, Sawada T, Terada N, Takemura S, Sakaguchi K. EphA4-deleted microenvironment regulates cancer development and leukemoid reaction of the isografted 4T1 murine breast cancer via reduction of an IGF1 signal. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1214-27. [PMID: 26923183 PMCID: PMC4924380 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
EphA4 belongs to the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Although EphA4 is highly expressed in the central nervous system, EphA4 has also been implicated in cancer progression. Most of the studies focus on the expression and function in tumor cells. It is unknown whether EphA4‐deleted microenvironment affects tumor progression. Some of cancers in animals and humans, such as 4T1 cancer cells, are known to produce a large amount of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factors (G‐CSF/Csf3) which can stimulate myeloproliferation, such as myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) leading to a poor recipient prognosis. We isografted 4T1 breast cancer cells into both EphA4‐knockout and control wild‐type female littermate mice. The results showed that the EphA4‐deleted host could inhibit primary tumor growth and tumor metastasis mainly by decreasing the amount of IGF1 synthesis in the circulation and locally tissues. The EphA4‐deleted microenvironment and delayed tumor development reduced the production of G‐CSF resulting in the decrease of splenomegaly and leukemoid reaction including MDSCs, which in turn inhibit the tumor progression. This inhibition can be reversed by supplying the mice with IGF1. However, an excess of IGF1 supply over demand to the control mice could not further accelerate the tumor growth and metastasis. A better understanding and re‐evaluation of the main role of IGF1 in regulating tumor progression could further enhance our cognition of the tumor development niche. Our findings demonstrated that EphA4‐deleted microenvironment impairs tumor‐supporting conditions. Conclusion: Host EphA4 expression regulates cancer development mainly via EphA4‐mediated IGF1 synthesis signal. Thus, targeting this signaling pathway may provide a potential therapeutic option for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Jing
- Departments of Molecular Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Takashi Sonoki
- Departments of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Masayasu Miyajima
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sawada
- Departments of Molecular Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Nanako Terada
- Departments of Molecular Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Shigeki Takemura
- Department of Hygiene, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Kazushige Sakaguchi
- Departments of Molecular Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
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Wilcox RA. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: 2016 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. Am J Hematol 2016; 91:151-65. [PMID: 26607183 PMCID: PMC4715621 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DISEASE OVERVIEW Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are a heterogenous group of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders involving the skin, the majority of which may be classified as Mycosis Fungoides (MF) or Sézary Syndrome (SS). DIAGNOSIS The diagnosis of MF or SS requires the integration of clinical and histopathologic data. RISK-ADAPTED THERAPY TNMB (tumor, node, metastasis, blood) staging remains the most important prognostic factor in MF/SS and forms the basis for a "risk-adapted," multidisciplinary approach to treatment. For patients with disease limited to the skin, expectant management or skin-directed therapies is preferred, as both disease-specific and overall survival for these patients is favorable. In contrast, patients with advanced-stage disease with significant nodal, visceral, or blood involvement are generally approached with biologic-response modifiers or histone deacetylase inhibitors before escalating therapy to include systemic, single-agent chemotherapy. In highly-selected patients, allogeneic stem-cell transplantation may be considered, as this may be curative in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Wilcox
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan Cancer Center, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Room 4310 CC, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5948
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Kawano M, Mabuchi S, Matsumoto Y, Sasano T, Takahashi R, Kuroda H, Kozasa K, Hashimoto K, Isobe A, Sawada K, Hamasaki T, Morii E, Kimura T. The significance of G-CSF expression and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the chemoresistance of uterine cervical cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18217. [PMID: 26666576 PMCID: PMC4678366 DOI: 10.1038/srep18217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) producing malignant tumor has been reported to occur in various organs, and has been associated with poor clinical outcome. The aim of this study is to investigate the significance of tumor G-CSF expression in the chemosensitivity of uterine cervical cancer. The clinical data of recurrent or advanced cervical cancer patients who were treated with platinum-based chemotherapy were analyzed. Clinical samples, cervical cancer cell lines, and a mouse model of cervical cancer were employed to examine the mechanisms responsible for the development of chemoresistance in G-CSF-producing cervical cancer, focusing on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). As a result, the tumor G-CSF expression was significantly associated with increased MDSC frequencies and compromised survival. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the increased MDSC induced by tumor-derived G-CSF is involved in the development of chemoresistance. The depletion of MDSC via splenectomy or the administration of anti-Gr-1 antibody sensitized G-CSF-producing cervical cancer to cisplatin. In conclusion, tumor G-CSF expression is an indicator of an extremely poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients that are treated with chemotherapy. Combining MDSC-targeting treatments with current standard chemotherapies might have therapeutic efficacy as a treatment for G-CSF-producing cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahiru Kawano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; 2-2 Yamadaoka; Suita; Osaka; 565-0871; Japan
| | - Seiji Mabuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; 2-2 Yamadaoka; Suita; Osaka; 565-0871; Japan
| | - Yuri Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; 2-2 Yamadaoka; Suita; Osaka; 565-0871; Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Sasano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; 2-2 Yamadaoka; Suita; Osaka; 565-0871; Japan
| | - Ryoko Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; 2-2 Yamadaoka; Suita; Osaka; 565-0871; Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kuroda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; 2-2 Yamadaoka; Suita; Osaka; 565-0871; Japan
| | - Katsumi Kozasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; 2-2 Yamadaoka; Suita; Osaka; 565-0871; Japan
| | - Kae Hashimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; 2-2 Yamadaoka; Suita; Osaka; 565-0871; Japan
| | - Aki Isobe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; 2-2 Yamadaoka; Suita; Osaka; 565-0871; Japan
| | - Kenjiro Sawada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; 2-2 Yamadaoka; Suita; Osaka; 565-0871; Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Hamasaki
- Department of Biomedical Statistics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; 2-2 Yamadaoka; Suita; Osaka; 565-0871; Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; 2-2 Yamadaoka; Suita; Osaka; 565-0871; Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; 2-2 Yamadaoka; Suita; Osaka; 565-0871; Japan
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Zhukov AS, Belousova IE, Samtsov AV. Immunological and molecular genetic mechanisms of the development of mycosis fungoides. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2015. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2015-91-4-42-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review reflects modern information about the possible mechanisms of skin lymphomas. Generalized the data of the possible etiologic factors of the disease. Described the basic pathogenesis and show practical importance identified molecular markers in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with lymphoproliferative diseases of the skin.
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Shvedova AA, Kisin ER, Yanamala N, Tkach AV, Gutkin DW, Star A, Shurin GV, Kagan VE, Shurin MR. MDSC and TGFβ Are Required for Facilitation of Tumor Growth in the Lungs of Mice Exposed to Carbon Nanotubes. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1615-23. [PMID: 25744719 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades, changes have been observed in the frequency of different histologic subtypes of lung cancer, one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality, with a declining proportion of squamous cell carcinomas and an increasing proportion of adenocarcinomas, particularly in developed countries. This suggests the emergence of new etiologic factors and mechanisms, including those defining the lung microenvironment, promoting tumor growth. Assuming that the lung is the main portal of entry for broadly used nanomaterials and their established proinflammatory propensities, we hypothesized that nanomaterials may contribute to changes facilitating tumor growth. Here, we report that an acute exposure to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) induces recruitment and accumulation of lung-associated myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and MDSC-derived production of TGFβ, resulting in upregulated tumor burden in the lung. The production of TGFβ by MDSC requires their interaction with both SWCNT and tumor cells. We conclude that pulmonary exposure to SWCNT favors the formation of a niche that supports ingrowth of lung carcinoma in vivo via activation of TGFβ production by SWCNT-attracted and -presensitized MDSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Shvedova
- HELD, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, West Virginia. Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
| | | | | | | | - Dmitriy W Gutkin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander Star
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Galina V Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael R Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Invasive breast cancer reprograms early myeloid differentiation in the bone marrow to generate immunosuppressive neutrophils. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E566-75. [PMID: 25624500 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424927112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion of myeloid cells associated with solid tumor development is a key contributor to neoplastic progression. Despite their clinical relevance, the mechanisms controlling myeloid cell production and activity in cancer remains poorly understood. Using a multistage mouse model of breast cancer, we show that production of atypical T cell-suppressive neutrophils occurs during early tumor progression, at the onset of malignant conversion, and that these cells preferentially accumulate in peripheral tissues but not in the primary tumor. Production of these cells results from activation of a myeloid differentiation program in bone marrow (BM) by a novel mechanism in which tumor-derived granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) directs expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells to skew hematopoiesis toward the myeloid lineage. Chronic skewing of myeloid production occurred in parallel to a decrease in erythropoiesis in BM in mice with progressive disease. Significantly, we reveal that prolonged G-CSF stimulation is both necessary and sufficient for the distinguishing characteristics of tumor-induced immunosuppressive neutrophils. These results demonstrate that prolonged G-CSF may be responsible for both the development and activity of immunosuppressive neutrophils in cancer.
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Cao Y, Slaney CY, Bidwell BN, Parker BS, Johnstone CN, Rautela J, Eckhardt BL, Anderson RL. BMP4 inhibits breast cancer metastasis by blocking myeloid-derived suppressor cell activity. Cancer Res 2015; 74:5091-102. [PMID: 25224959 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The TGFβ growth factor family member BMP4 is a potent suppressor of breast cancer metastasis. In the mouse, the development of highly metastatic mammary tumors is associated with an accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), the numbers of which are reduced by exogenous BMP4 expression. MDSCs are undetectable in naïve mice but can be induced by treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF/Csf3) or by secretion of G-CSF from the tumor. Both tumor-induced and G-CSF-induced MDSCs effectively suppress T-cell activation and proliferation, leading to metastatic enhancement. BMP4 reduces the expression and secretion of G-CSF by inhibiting NF-κB (Nfkb1) activity in human and mouse tumor lines. Because MDSCs correlate with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer, therapies based on activation of BMP4 signaling may offer a novel treatment strategy for breast cancer. Cancer Res; 74(18); 5091-102. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare Y Slaney
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bradley N Bidwell
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda S Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cameron N Johnstone
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jai Rautela
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Department of Biochemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bedrich L Eckhardt
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Robin L Anderson
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Wilcox RA. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: 2014 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. Am J Hematol 2014; 89:837-51. [PMID: 25042790 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DISEASE OVERVIEW Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are a heterogenous group of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders involving the skin, the majority of which may be classified as Mycosis Fungoides (MF) or Sézary Syndrome (SS). DIAGNOSIS The diagnosis of MF or SS requires the integration of clinical and histopathologic data. RISK-ADAPTED THERAPY TNMB (tumor, node, metastasis, and blood) staging remains the most important prognostic factor in MF/SS and forms the basis for a "risk-adapted," multidisciplinary approach to treatment. For patients with disease limited to the skin, expectant management or skin-directed therapies is preferred, as both disease-specific and overall survival for these patients is favorable. In contrast, patients with advanced-stage disease with significant nodal, visceral or blood involvement are generally approached with biologic-response modifiers or histone deacetylase inhibitors prior to escalating therapy to include systemic, single-agent chemotherapy. Multiagent chemotherapy (e.g., CHOP) may be employed for those patients with extensive visceral involvement requiring rapid disease control. In highly selected patients, allogeneic stem-cell transplantation may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Wilcox
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; University of Michigan Cancer Center; Ann Arbor Michigan
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Stone SC, Rossetti RAM, Bolpetti A, Boccardo E, de Araujo Souza PS, Lepique AP. HPV16-associated tumors control myeloid cell homeostasis in lymphoid organs, generating a suppressor environment for T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:619-31. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0513-282r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Mabuchi S, Matsumoto Y, Kawano M, Minami K, Seo Y, Sasano T, Takahashi R, Kuroda H, Hisamatsu T, Kakigano A, Hayashi M, Sawada K, Hamasaki T, Morii E, Kurachi H, Matsuura N, Kimura T. Uterine cervical cancer displaying tumor-related leukocytosis: a distinct clinical entity with radioresistant feature. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju147. [PMID: 24948742 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-related leukocytosis (TRL) is occasionally found in patients with nonhematopoietic malignancies. We investigated the clinical implication of TRL and individualized treatment for TRL-positive cervical cancer, as well as the underlying biological mechanism. METHODS Clinical data from 258 cervical cancer patients treated with definitive radiotherapy were analyzed to investigate the association between TRL and treatment outcome. Clinical samples, cervical cancer cell lines, and a mouse model of cervical cancer were used to examine the mechanisms responsible for TRL in cervical cancer, focusing on the role of tumor-derived granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS TRL was statistically significantly associated with younger age (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P = .03), larger tumor size (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P = .006), advanced clinical stage (χ(2) test, P = .01), and shorter overall survival (Cox proportional hazard modeling and Wald tests, P < .001). Among cervical cancer patients, TRL was associated with upregulated tumor G-CSF expression (χ(2) test, P < .001), elevated serum G-CSF levels (Student t test, P = .03), larger spleens (Student t test, P = .045), and increased MDSC frequencies in the blood (Student t test, P < .001) compared with the TRL-negative patients. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that tumor-derived G-CSF was involved in the underlying causative mechanism of TRL and MDSCs induced by tumor-derived G-CSF are responsible for the rapidly progressive and radioresistant nature of TRL-positive cervical cancer. The administration of anti-Gr-1 neutralizing antibody or the depletion of MDSCs by splenectomy (n = 6 per group) inhibited tumor growth and enhanced radiosensitivity in TRL-positive cervical cancer xenografts (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P = .008 and P = .02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS TRL is associated with resistance to radiotherapy among cervical cancer patients, and MDSC-targeting treatments may have therapeutic potential in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Mabuchi
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SM, YM, MK, TS, RT, HK, TH, AK, KS, TK), Department of Molecular Pathology (KM, NM), Department of Radiation Oncology (YS), Department of Biomedical Statistics (TH), and Department of Pathology (EM), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan (MH); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (HK).
| | - Yuri Matsumoto
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SM, YM, MK, TS, RT, HK, TH, AK, KS, TK), Department of Molecular Pathology (KM, NM), Department of Radiation Oncology (YS), Department of Biomedical Statistics (TH), and Department of Pathology (EM), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan (MH); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (HK)
| | - Mahiru Kawano
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SM, YM, MK, TS, RT, HK, TH, AK, KS, TK), Department of Molecular Pathology (KM, NM), Department of Radiation Oncology (YS), Department of Biomedical Statistics (TH), and Department of Pathology (EM), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan (MH); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (HK)
| | - Kazumasa Minami
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SM, YM, MK, TS, RT, HK, TH, AK, KS, TK), Department of Molecular Pathology (KM, NM), Department of Radiation Oncology (YS), Department of Biomedical Statistics (TH), and Department of Pathology (EM), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan (MH); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (HK)
| | - Yuji Seo
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SM, YM, MK, TS, RT, HK, TH, AK, KS, TK), Department of Molecular Pathology (KM, NM), Department of Radiation Oncology (YS), Department of Biomedical Statistics (TH), and Department of Pathology (EM), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan (MH); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (HK)
| | - Tomoyuki Sasano
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SM, YM, MK, TS, RT, HK, TH, AK, KS, TK), Department of Molecular Pathology (KM, NM), Department of Radiation Oncology (YS), Department of Biomedical Statistics (TH), and Department of Pathology (EM), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan (MH); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (HK)
| | - Ryoko Takahashi
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SM, YM, MK, TS, RT, HK, TH, AK, KS, TK), Department of Molecular Pathology (KM, NM), Department of Radiation Oncology (YS), Department of Biomedical Statistics (TH), and Department of Pathology (EM), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan (MH); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (HK)
| | - Hiromasa Kuroda
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SM, YM, MK, TS, RT, HK, TH, AK, KS, TK), Department of Molecular Pathology (KM, NM), Department of Radiation Oncology (YS), Department of Biomedical Statistics (TH), and Department of Pathology (EM), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan (MH); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (HK)
| | - Takeshi Hisamatsu
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SM, YM, MK, TS, RT, HK, TH, AK, KS, TK), Department of Molecular Pathology (KM, NM), Department of Radiation Oncology (YS), Department of Biomedical Statistics (TH), and Department of Pathology (EM), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan (MH); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (HK)
| | - Aiko Kakigano
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SM, YM, MK, TS, RT, HK, TH, AK, KS, TK), Department of Molecular Pathology (KM, NM), Department of Radiation Oncology (YS), Department of Biomedical Statistics (TH), and Department of Pathology (EM), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan (MH); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (HK)
| | - Masami Hayashi
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SM, YM, MK, TS, RT, HK, TH, AK, KS, TK), Department of Molecular Pathology (KM, NM), Department of Radiation Oncology (YS), Department of Biomedical Statistics (TH), and Department of Pathology (EM), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan (MH); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (HK)
| | - Kenjiro Sawada
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SM, YM, MK, TS, RT, HK, TH, AK, KS, TK), Department of Molecular Pathology (KM, NM), Department of Radiation Oncology (YS), Department of Biomedical Statistics (TH), and Department of Pathology (EM), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan (MH); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (HK)
| | - Toshimitsu Hamasaki
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SM, YM, MK, TS, RT, HK, TH, AK, KS, TK), Department of Molecular Pathology (KM, NM), Department of Radiation Oncology (YS), Department of Biomedical Statistics (TH), and Department of Pathology (EM), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan (MH); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (HK)
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SM, YM, MK, TS, RT, HK, TH, AK, KS, TK), Department of Molecular Pathology (KM, NM), Department of Radiation Oncology (YS), Department of Biomedical Statistics (TH), and Department of Pathology (EM), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan (MH); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (HK)
| | - Hirohisa Kurachi
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SM, YM, MK, TS, RT, HK, TH, AK, KS, TK), Department of Molecular Pathology (KM, NM), Department of Radiation Oncology (YS), Department of Biomedical Statistics (TH), and Department of Pathology (EM), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan (MH); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (HK)
| | - Nariaki Matsuura
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SM, YM, MK, TS, RT, HK, TH, AK, KS, TK), Department of Molecular Pathology (KM, NM), Department of Radiation Oncology (YS), Department of Biomedical Statistics (TH), and Department of Pathology (EM), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan (MH); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (HK)
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (SM, YM, MK, TS, RT, HK, TH, AK, KS, TK), Department of Molecular Pathology (KM, NM), Department of Radiation Oncology (YS), Department of Biomedical Statistics (TH), and Department of Pathology (EM), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan (MH); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (HK)
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