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Dave J, Ali AMM, Kumar N, Nagarajan M, Kieliszek M, Bavisetty SCB. Investigating the impact of wet rendering (solventless method) on PUFA-rich oil from catfish ( Clarias magur) viscera. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220903. [PMID: 39027422 PMCID: PMC11255558 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Catfish (Clarias magur) is a popular freshwater fish food worldwide. The processing of this fish generates a significant amount of waste, mainly in the form of viscera, which constitutes around 10-12% of the fish's total weight. This study was focused on extracting polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich oil from catfish viscera, aiming to enhance the extraction process and make the production of oil and handling of fish byproducts more cost-effective. The wet reduction method, a solvent-free approach, was used for extraction, with yield optimization done via the Box-Behnken design. The resulting oil was evaluated for its oxidative quality and chemical characteristics. The optimal conditions for the wet rendering process were as follows: viscera to water ratio, 1:0.5 (w/v); temperature, 90℃; and time, 20 min, yielding 12.40 g/100 g of oil. The oil extracted under optimal wet rendering conditions had quality and oxidative stability comparable to solvent extraction and fewer secondary oxidation compounds. This oil had a higher PUFA content, specifically a 4:1 ratio of omega 6 to omega 3. Such oil, derived from catfish viscera, is suitable for the food industry due to its solvent-free extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaydeep Dave
- School of Food-Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
- Kantaben Kashiram Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Research, Ganpat University, Mehsana, Gujarat, 384012, India
| | - Ali Muhammed Moula Ali
- School of Food-Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Nishant Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana, 131028, India
| | - Muralidharan Nagarajan
- Department of Fish Processing Technology, Tamil Nadu Dr. J Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Dr. M.G.R Fisheries College and Research Institute, Ponneri, 601204, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Santillo A, Ciliberti MG, Caroprese M, Sevi A, Albenzio M. Fatty Acids Profile and Consumers' Preferences of Pecorino Cheese Manufactured from Milk of Sheep Supplemented with Flaxseed and Ascophyllum nodosum. Foods 2024; 13:2165. [PMID: 39063249 PMCID: PMC11276284 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of flaxseed and Ascophyllum nodosum supplementation in ewes during the summer season on the fatty acid and sensory profile and consumer preference for cheese was evaluated. Comisana ewes (n = 32) were divided into four groups: a control (CON) group fed (30 days) with pelleted concentrate, a flaxseed (FS) group fed with whole flaxseed supplementation (250 g/ewe per day), an A. nodosum (AN) group fed with 5% of A. nodosum (into 1 kg/ewe of pelleted concentrate), and an FS + AN group fed with a combination of algae and flaxseed. Pecorino cheeses were analysed after 1 day (curd) and after 45 days (cheese) of ripening. Curd from the FS and FS + AN groups registered higher contents of MUFA, n-3, and n-3/n-6, and lower levels of atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes than curd from the CON and AN groups, as well as a higher content of C18:3n-3, C18:2t9t12, and CLA9c11t, and n-3 and n-3/n-6 fatty acids. Consumers attributed the lowest scores for appearance attributes to AN Pecorino cheese; while Pecorino cheese from FS and FS + AN was judged to have a high-strength flavour attribute and a low rancid, mouldy, and piquant flavour, in comparison with cheese from AN. Flaxseed supplementation could be an effective strategy to improve the nutritional quality of the lipid fraction of cheese without having a detrimental impact on its sensory attributes, especially during the summer season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Santillo
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources, and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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Khammassi M, Amato G, Caputo L, Nazzaro F, Fratianni F, Kouki H, Amri I, Hamrouni L, De Feo V. Fatty Acid Profiles and Biological Activities of the Vegetable Oils of Argania spinosa, Pinus halepensis and Pistacia atlantica Grown in Tunisia: A Preliminary Study. Molecules 2023; 29:160. [PMID: 38202742 PMCID: PMC10779628 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Several foods are used in both the nutraceutical and health sectors; vegetable oils, for example, can prevent the onset of numerous diseases. The properties of these oils are related to their chemical composition and primarily to the presence of fatty acids. The present work aimed to determine the chemical profiles of Argania spinosa, Pinus halepensis, and Pistacia altantica oils, used in traditional Tunisian foods, and to evaluate some biological properties. We evaluated their antioxidant, anti-enzymatic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Linoleic acid was the main component of the three oils. P. atlantica oil showed more significant inhibitory activity against the enzymes studied than A. spinosa and P. halepensis. All three oils showed similar antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, A. spinosa and P. halepensis oils showed antibiofilm activity against P. aeruginosa, with 30-40% inhibition. These results focus on the possible use of these oils in the nutraceutical and healthcare sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Khammassi
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Research on Rural Engineering, Water, and Forests, Ariana 2080, Tunisia; (M.K.); (I.A.); (L.H.)
| | - Giuseppe Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.A.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Lucia Caputo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.A.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Via Roma, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (F.N.); (F.F.)
| | - Florinda Fratianni
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Via Roma, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (F.N.); (F.F.)
| | - Habiba Kouki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, Ariana 2020, Tunisia;
| | - Ismail Amri
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Research on Rural Engineering, Water, and Forests, Ariana 2080, Tunisia; (M.K.); (I.A.); (L.H.)
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Center of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sidi Thabet, Ariana 2020, Tunisia;
| | - Lamia Hamrouni
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, National Institute of Research on Rural Engineering, Water, and Forests, Ariana 2080, Tunisia; (M.K.); (I.A.); (L.H.)
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.A.); (V.D.F.)
- Institute of Food Science, National Research Council, Via Roma, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (F.N.); (F.F.)
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Kieliszek M, Piwowarek K, Kot AM, Wojtczuk M, Roszko M, Bryła M, Trajkovska Petkoska A. Recent advances and opportunities related to the use of bee products in food processing. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4372-4397. [PMID: 37576029 PMCID: PMC10420862 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, natural foods that can provide positive health effects are gaining more and more popularity. Bees and the products they produce are our common natural heritage that should be developed. In the article, we presented the characteristics of bee products and their use in industry. We described the development and importance of beekeeping in the modern world. Due to their high nutritional value and therapeutic properties, bee products are of great interest and their consumption is constantly growing. The basis for the use of bee products in human nutrition is their properties and unique chemical composition. The conducted research and opinions confirm the beneficial effect of bee products on health. The current consumer awareness of the positive impact of food having a pro-health effect on health and well-being affects the increase in interest and demand for this type of food among various social groups. Enriching the daily diet with bee products may support the functioning of the organism. New technologies have appeared on the market to improve the process of obtaining bee products. The use of bee products plays a large role in many industries; moreover, the consumption of bee products and promotion of their medicinal properties are very important in shaping proper eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food SciencesWarsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGWWarsawPoland
| | - Kamil Piwowarek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food SciencesWarsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGWWarsawPoland
| | - Anna M. Kot
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food SciencesWarsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGWWarsawPoland
| | - Marta Wojtczuk
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food SciencesWarsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGWWarsawPoland
| | - Marek Roszko
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical AnalysisProf. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research InstituteWarsawPoland
| | - Marcin Bryła
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical AnalysisProf. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research InstituteWarsawPoland
| | - Anka Trajkovska Petkoska
- Faculty of Technology and Technical Social SciencesSt. Kliment Ohridski University‐BitolaVelesNorth Macedonia
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Moreira J, Machado M, Dias-Teixeira M, Ferraz R, Delerue-Matos C, Grosso C. The neuroprotective effect of traditional Chinese medicinal plants-A critical review. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3208-3237. [PMID: 37655317 PMCID: PMC10465969 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases are increasingly affecting individuals' quality of life, thus increasing their cost to social and health systems. These diseases have overlapping mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, protein aggregation, neuroinflammation, neurotransmission impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, and excitotoxicity. Currently, there is no cure for neurodegenerative diseases, and the available therapies have adverse effects and low efficacy. For neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, the current therapies are not adequate to one-third of the patients, the so-called treatment-resistant patients. So, searching for new treatments is fundamental. Medicinal plants appear as a strong alternative and complement towards new treatment protocols, as they have been used for health purposes for thousands of years. Thus, the main goal of this review is to revisit the neuroprotective potential of some of the most predominant medicinal plants (and one fungus) used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), focusing on their proven mechanisms of action and their chemical compositions, to give clues on how they can be useful against neurodegeneration progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Moreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
| | - Mariana Machado
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas/CISA, Escola Superior de Saúde—Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
| | - Mónica Dias-Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
- NICiTeS—Núcleo de Investigação em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Escola Superior de Saúde Ribeiro Sanches, Lisboa 1950-396, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas/CISA, Escola Superior de Saúde—Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
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Lorenzo K, Santocildes G, Torrella JR, Magalhães J, Pagès T, Viscor G, Torres JL, Ramos-Romero S. Bioactivity of Macronutrients from Chlorella in Physical Exercise. Nutrients 2023; 15:2168. [PMID: 37432326 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorella is a marine microalga rich in proteins and containing all the essential amino acids. Chlorella also contains fiber and other polysaccharides, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid. The proportion of the different macronutrients in Chlorella can be modulated by altering the conditions in which it is cultured. The bioactivities of these macronutrients make Chlorella a good candidate food to include in regular diets or as the basis of dietary supplements in exercise-related nutrition both for recreational exercisers and professional athletes. This paper reviews current knowledge of the effects of the macronutrients in Chlorella on physical exercise, specifically their impact on performance and recovery. In general, consuming Chlorella improves both anaerobic and aerobic exercise performance as well as physical stamina and reduces fatigue. These effects seem to be related to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic activity of all its macronutrients, while each component of Chlorella contributes its bioactivity via a specific action. Chlorella is an excellent dietary source of high-quality protein in the context of physical exercise, as dietary proteins increase satiety, activation of the anabolic mTOR (mammalian Target of Rapamycin) pathway in skeletal muscle, and the thermic effects of meals. Chlorella proteins also increase intramuscular free amino acid levels and enhance the ability of the muscles to utilize them during exercise. Fiber from Chlorella increases the diversity of the gut microbiota, which helps control body weight and maintain intestinal barrier integrity, and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which improve physical performance. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from Chlorella contribute to endothelial protection and modulate the fluidity and rigidity of cell membranes, which may improve performance. Ultimately, in contrast to several other nutritional sources, the use of Chlorella to provide high-quality protein, dietary fiber, and bioactive fatty acids may also significantly contribute to a sustainable world through the fixation of carbon dioxide and a reduction of the amount of land used to produce animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karenia Lorenzo
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Garoa Santocildes
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Ramon Torrella
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Pagès
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ginés Viscor
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lluís Torres
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Ramos-Romero
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Stoyanova N, Spasova M, Manolova N, Rashkov I, Taneva S, Momchilova S, Georgieva A. Physico-Chemical, Mechanical, and Biological Properties of Polylactide/ Portulaca oleracea Extract Electrospun Fibers. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:298. [PMID: 36984685 PMCID: PMC10056886 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning was used to create fibrous polylactide (PLA) materials loaded with Portulaca oleracea (P. oleracea) plant extract obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide. Morphological, physico-chemical, mechanical, and biological characteristics of the fibers were studied. According to the SEM results, the diameters of smooth and defect-free fibers fabricated by a one-pot electrospinning method were at micron scale. All the obtained materials possess good mechanical properties. Additionally, it was found that the composite fibers exhibited considerable antioxidant activity. The antimicrobial activity of the fibrous materials against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was determined as well. In vitro studies showed that the electrospun biomaterials had no cytotoxic effects and that the combination of PLA and the P. oleracea extract in the fiber structure promoted cell survival and proliferation of normal mouse fibroblasts. The obtained results reveal that microfibrous mats containing the polyester-PLA and the plant extract-P. oleracea can be suitable for applications in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Stoyanova
- Laboratory of Bioactive Polymers, Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, bl. 103, BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mariya Spasova
- Laboratory of Bioactive Polymers, Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, bl. 103, BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nevena Manolova
- Laboratory of Bioactive Polymers, Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, bl. 103, BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iliya Rashkov
- Laboratory of Bioactive Polymers, Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, bl. 103, BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sabina Taneva
- Department of Lipid Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, bl. 9, BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Svetlana Momchilova
- Department of Lipid Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, bl. 9, BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ani Georgieva
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, bl. 25, BG-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Karami S, Sabzalian MR, Basaki T, Ghaderi F, Jamshidi Goharrizi K. Phylogenetic relationship and sequence diversity of candidate genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in Carthamus species with contrasting seed coat colors. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:349-360. [PMID: 37033761 PMCID: PMC10073368 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The morphological structure of seed such as coat color can be considered as effective parameters in the evaluation of resistance to pests. The present study is aimed at achieving these goals: first, to determine the phylogenetic relationship of different species of safflower with different seed coat colors based on three candidate genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway that encode the early steps (PAL: phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and CHS: chalcone synthase) and the final step (UFGT: flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase); second, based on our previous study on the absence of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (Cyd-3-glu) in white/brown-seeded genotypes, it can be determined whether the lack of production is related to the absence of genes or the lack of expression. In general, the detection of Cyd-3-glu upstream compounds in all studied safflower genotypes, regardless of the color of the seed coat, can be interpreted as the expression of genes responsible for the synthesis of these compounds in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. In addition, these findings indicated that the accumulation pattern of the mentioned secondary metabolites could be varied in safflower genotypes according to the seed coat color pattern. Regarding the UFGT gene, the evidence showed that this gene is expressed in safflower genotypes with two different seed coat color patterns, but in each genotype the tendency to produce secondary metabolites is different. Consequently, it seems that UFGT may not only regulate Cyd-3-glu biosynthesis but also involved in biosynthesis of flavonol glucoside in black safflower. Additionally, UFGT only affected flavonol glycosides biosynthesis and had no effect on Cyd-3-glu biosynthesis in white- seeded safflower genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Karami
- Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, 19395-4697 Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sabzalian
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111 Iran
| | - Tayebeh Basaki
- Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, 19395-4697 Iran
| | - Fariba Ghaderi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasuj, Iran
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Al-Garadi MA, Qaid MM, Alqhtani AH, Pokoo-Aikins A, Al-Mufarrej SI. In vitro phytochemical analysis and antibacterial and antifungal efficacy assessment of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Rumex nervosus leaves against selected bacteria and fungi. Vet World 2022; 15:2725-2737. [PMID: 36590121 PMCID: PMC9798057 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2725-2737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Scientists are interested in identifying natural antibiotic substitutes that are effective against drug-resistant pathogenic microbes and spoilage fungi to counter pathogens and reduce the major public health problem of antibiotic residues in animal products. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Rumex nervosus leaves (RNLs) as a medicinal herb against four bacterial and two fungal strains using absolute ethanol, 50% ethanol, and aqueous extracts. Materials and Methods The antimicrobial activities of various RNL extracts against selected microbes were evaluated using the disk diffusion antibiotic susceptibility test, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), minimum fungicidal concentrations, and the poisoned food technique. Results The absolute ethanol RNL extract showed the best bacteriostatic/bactericidal activity against Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC/MBC: 0.20/0.40, 0.20/0.40, and 0.32/0.65 mg/mL, respectively). The diameter of the zone of inhibition was larger (p < 0.05) for the 100% ethanol RNL extract (8.17 mm) against Salmonella Typhimurium, the 50% ethanol-RNL extract (11.5 mm) against E. coli, and the aqueous RNL extract (14.0 mm) against S. aureus than for any other bacterial isolate. The aqueous RNL extract strongly (p < 0.0001) inhibited the mycelial growth of Aspergillus fumigatus (100%) and Aspergillus niger (81.4%) compared with the control. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that RNL is a promising new natural antimicrobial agent for food preservation. To date, most research on the antimicrobial properties of natural herbs has been conducted in vitro, with few exceptions in vivo and intervention-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged A. Al-Garadi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Qaid
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding author: Mohammed M. Qaid, e-mail: Co-authors: MAA: , AHA: , AP: , SIA:
| | - Abdulmohsen H. Alqhtani
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anthony Pokoo-Aikins
- US National Poultry Research Center, Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA
| | - Saud I. Al-Mufarrej
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Lyra DA, Raman A, Hozayen A, Zaaboul R, Abou-Zaid FO, El-Naggar A, Mansoor S, Mahmoudi H, Ammar K. Evaluation of Salicornia bigelovii Germplasm for Food Use in Egypt and the United Arab Emirates Based on Agronomic Traits and Nutritional Composition. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2653. [PMID: 36235519 PMCID: PMC9572425 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change significantly aggravates the quality of soil and water, especially in desert regions such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Egypt concluding in an alarming increase in salinity in the reservoirs of the natural resources. Saline farming rises as a promising solution, utilizing low-quality water and land resources to grow salt-tolerant varieties of conventional crops and halophytes. Samphire (Salicornia spp.) is among the most popular multi-purpose halophytes that are locally consumed in several countries around the world as a vegetable. Six Salicornia bigelovii genotypes (ICBA-2, ICBA-3, ICBA-4, ICBA-8, ICBA-9, ICBA-10) were evaluated for their agronomic performance and nutritional composition in Dubai in UAE and, for the first time, at the Red Sea Governorate in Egypt in the 2019-2020 season using saline groundwater for irrigation (ECw = 26 and 6.6 dS/m, respectively). ICBA-10 performed well in both locations with high green biomass and seed yield (10.9 kgm-2 and 116.3 gm-2, respectively, in UAE; 7.7 kgm-2 and 82.9 gm-2, respectively, in Egypt). ICBA-10 was, overall, also good in ion accumulation, total amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids content in both locations for shoots and seeds. Our results indicated that a lack of a drainage system and leaching fraction, the silt loam texture and the drip irrigation system might have contributed in the gradual accumulation of salts in the soil at Mubarak Valley at the end of the experiment at a higher level than ICBA. Apart from the agronomic parameters, higher salinity levels also affected ion accumulation, the amino acids and the fatty acids content for both shoots and seeds, whereas the proximate composition was affected to a lesser extent. Our findings on the high unsaturated fatty acids content under higher salinity corroborate the nutritional value of S. bigelovii oil. Due to its euhalophyte nature, S. bigelovii is a valuable source of minerals, amino acids and antioxidants that render it the most promising salt-loving plant for food use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysia-Angeliki Lyra
- International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Dubai P.O. Box 14660, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anitha Raman
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502324, India
| | - Aly Hozayen
- Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation—The Executive Agency for the Comprehensive Development Projects, Cairo 11312, Egypt
- Desert Research Center, Cairo 11753, Egypt
| | - Rashyd Zaaboul
- International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Dubai P.O. Box 14660, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Ahmed El-Naggar
- International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Dubai P.O. Box 14660, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Henda Mahmoudi
- International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Dubai P.O. Box 14660, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khalil Ammar
- International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Dubai P.O. Box 14660, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Potential Functional Food Products and Molecular Mechanisms of Portulaca Oleracea L. on Anticancer Activity: A Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7235412. [PMID: 36193066 PMCID: PMC9526644 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7235412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Portulaca oleracea Linn. (P. oleracea L.) has recently gained attention as a functional food due to the chemical composition of this plant regarding bioactive compounds. The special attention to the use of P. oleracea as an ingredient in functional food products is also due to the promotion of sustainable food. It is an unconventional food plant, and its consumption may contribute to preserving biodiversity due to its cultivation in a polyculture system. Food sovereignty may be achieved, among other strategies, with the consumption of unconventional food plants that are more resistant in nature and easily cultivated in small places. P. oleracea grows spontaneously and may be found in streets and sidewalks, or it may be cultivated with seeds and cuttings propagation. The culinary versatility of P. oleracea opens up opportunities to explore the development of sustainable, functional food products. This mini-review shows that functional food products developed from P. oleracea are already available at the research level, but it is expected that more scientific literature focusing on the development of P. oleracea functional products with proven anticancer activities may be released in the near future. Polysaccharides, some phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and cerebrosides are associated with the inhibition and prevention of carcinogenesis through in vitro and in vivo investigations. The anticancer activities of P. oleracea, its bioactive compounds, and the involved molecular mechanisms have been reported in the literature. The importance of further elucidating the cancer inhibition mechanisms is in the interest of forthcoming applications in the development of food products with anticancer properties for implementation in the human diet.
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12
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Azimi G, Farshad A, Farzinpour A, Rostamzadeh J. Use of Purslane ( Portulaca oleracea) Extracts and Cysteine in Diluents to Improve the Cryopreserved Quality of Goat Sperm. Biopreserv Biobank 2022. [PMID: 35861790 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2021.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Highlights Using cysteine and purslane extracts in extenders improved significantly the post-thaw sperm characteristics. Sperm viability, DNA integrity, and mitochondrial activity demonstrate an improvement in post-thaw sperm. Malondialdehyde production was decreased based on the positive effects of treated extenders. The obtained results demonstrate that supplementation of 50 μg/mL of purslane methanolic extract with cysteine to freezing extenders was significantly superior compared with other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golshan Azimi
- Laboratory of Reproduction Biology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Abbas Farshad
- Laboratory of Reproduction Biology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amjad Farzinpour
- Laboratory of Reproduction Biology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Jalal Rostamzadeh
- Laboratory of Reproduction Biology, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
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13
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León-Lobos P, Díaz-Forestier J, Díaz R, Celis-Diez JL, Diazgranados M, Ulian T. Patterns of Traditional and Modern Uses of Wild Edible Native Plants of Chile: Challenges and Future Perspectives. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:744. [PMID: 35336626 PMCID: PMC8953413 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wild Edible Plants (WEPs) still play a vital role in the subsistence of many traditional communities, while they are receiving increasing recognition in tackling food security and nutrition at the international level. This paper reviews the use patterns of native WEPs in Chile and discusses their role as future crops and sources of food products. We conducted an extensive literature review by assessing their taxonomic diversity, life forms, consumption and preparation methods, types of use (traditional and modern), and nutritional properties. We found that 330 native species were documented as food plants, which represent 7.8% of the total flora of Chile. These species belong to 196 genera and 84 families. The most diverse families are Asteraceae (34), Cactaceae (21), Fabaceae (21), Solanaceae (20) and Apiaceae (19), and the richest genera in terms of number of species are Solanum (9), Ribes (8), Berberis (7), Hypochaeris (7) and Oxalis (6). Perennial herbs are the predominant life form (40%), followed by shrubs (35%), trees (14%), and annual and biannual herbs (11%). Fruits (35.8%), roots (21.5%) and leaves (20.0%) are the parts of plants consumed the most. Nine different food preparation categories were identified, with 'raw' forming the largest group (43%), followed by 'beverages' (27%), 'savoury preparations' (27%), and 'sweet' (13%). Almost all native Chilean WEPs have reported traditional food uses, while only a few of them have contemporary uses, with food products mainly sold in local and specialised markets. Species' richness, taxonomic diversity and family representation have similar patterns to those observed for the world flora and other countries where surveys have been carried out. Some Chilean native WEPs have the potential to become new crops and important sources of nutritious and healthy products in the food industry. However, there are still many gaps in knowledge about their nutritional, anti-nutritional and biochemical characteristics; future research is recommended to unveil their properties and potential uses in agriculture and the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro León-Lobos
- Grupo de Especialidad en Recursos Genéticos, Centro Regional de Investigación La Platina, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, La Pintana, Santiago CP 8831314, Chile
| | - Javiera Díaz-Forestier
- Centro Regional de Investigación e Innovación para la Sostenibilidad de la Agricultura y los Territorios Rurales, CERES, Quillota CP 2260000, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Díaz
- Grupo de Especialidad en Recursos Genéticos, Centro Regional de Investigación Quilamapu, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Chillan CP 3800062, Chile;
| | - Juan L. Celis-Diez
- Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota CP 2260000, Chile;
| | - Mauricio Diazgranados
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Welcome Trust Millennium Building, Wakehurst, Ardingly RH17 6TN, UK; (M.D.); (T.U.)
| | - Tiziana Ulian
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Welcome Trust Millennium Building, Wakehurst, Ardingly RH17 6TN, UK; (M.D.); (T.U.)
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14
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Martins-Noguerol R, Matías L, Pérez-Ramos IM, Moreira X, Muñoz-Vallés S, Mancilla-Leytón JM, Francisco M, García-González A, DeAndrés-Gil C, Martínez-Force E, Millán-Linares MDC, Pedroche J, Figueroa ME, Moreno-Pérez AJ, Cambrollé J. Differences in nutrient composition of sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum) grown in different habitats and optimally controlled growing conditions. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Biological and Agronomic Traits of the Main Halophytes Widespread in the Mediterranean Region as Potential New Vegetable Crops. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the oldest and most serious environmental problems in the world. The increasingly widespread salinization of soils and water resources represents a growing threat to agriculture around the world. A strategy to cope with this problem is to cultivate salt-tolerant crops and, therefore, it is necessary to identify plant species that are naturally adapted to high-salinity conditions. In this review, we focus our attention on some plant species that can be considered among the most representative halophytes of the Mediterranean region; they can be potential resources, such as new or relatively new vegetable crops, to produce raw or minimally processed (or ready-to-eat) products, considering their nutritional properties and nutraceuticals. The main biological and agronomic characteristics of these species and the potential health risks due to mycotoxigenic fungi have been analyzed and summarized in a dedicated section. The objective of this review is to illustrate the main biological and agronomical characteristics of the most common halophytic species in the Mediterranean area, which could expand the range of leafy vegetables on the market.
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16
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Mantzioris E, Muhlhausler BS, Villani A. Impact of the Mediterranean Dietary pattern on n-3 fatty acid tissue levels-A systematic review. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 176:102387. [PMID: 34929617 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is described as a plant-based dietary pattern with adherence associated with reductions in chronic disease risk and longevity. Although the nutrient profile is diverse and complex, the MedDiet is often described as a rich source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) derived from fish, seafood and nuts. However, whether MedDiet adherence results in appreciable increases in tissue levels of n-3 PUFAs is yet to be systematically investigated. This systematic review synthesized the literature to determine the impact of the MedDiet on n-3 PUFA tissue levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medline, Embase, Amed, and CINAHL databases were searched for studies reporting on adherence to a MedDiet and tissue levels of n-3 PUFAs. PROSPERO registration number is CRD 42020162114. RESULTS Twenty-two studies were included. Seven were observational studies and 15 were randomised controlled trials (RCTs). All observational studies reported a positive relationship between adherence and higher tissue n-3 PUFA levels. Two-thirds (10/15) of RCTs reported significant increases in n-3 PUFA concentrations. DISCUSSION MedDiet adherence is associated with higher tissue levels of n-3 PUFA. However, we report heterogeneity in the description across all MedDiet interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangeline Mantzioris
- UniSA: Clinical & Health Sciences, Alliance for Research in Nutrition, Exercise and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, North Terrace and Frome Rd, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
| | | | - Anthony Villani
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
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17
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Alam SI, Kim MW, Shah FA, Saeed K, Ullah R, Kim MO. Alpha-Linolenic Acid Impedes Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegeneration in Mouse Brain. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092274. [PMID: 34571925 PMCID: PMC8467071 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-Linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, is extracted from plant sources and has been shown to be one of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. Herein, we revealed the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of (ALA), against cadmium in the adult mouse brain. We evaluated the neuroprotective effect of ALA (60 mg/kg per oral for 6 weeks) against CdCl2 (5 mg/kg)-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. According to our findings, ALA markedly reduced ROS production and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and enhanced the expression of nuclear factor-2 erythroid-2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in mice treated with CdCl2. Most importantly, the molecular docking study revealed that ALA allosterically decreases the overexpression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity and inhibited the detrimental effect against CdCl2. Moreover, ALA suppressed CdCl2-induced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nuclear factor-kappa b (NF-κB), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the mouse brain. Further, we also checked the pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins markers such as Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3, which were regulated in the cortex of ALA co-treated mouse brain. Overall, our study suggests that oral administration of ALA can impede oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and increase neuronal apoptosis in the cortex of Cd-injected mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed-Ibrar Alam
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21 PLUS), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.-I.A.); (M.-W.K.); (K.S.); (R.U.)
| | - Min-Woo Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21 PLUS), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.-I.A.); (M.-W.K.); (K.S.); (R.U.)
| | - Fawad Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Kamran Saeed
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21 PLUS), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.-I.A.); (M.-W.K.); (K.S.); (R.U.)
| | - Rahat Ullah
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21 PLUS), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.-I.A.); (M.-W.K.); (K.S.); (R.U.)
| | - Myeong-Ok Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21 PLUS), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.-I.A.); (M.-W.K.); (K.S.); (R.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-1345
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18
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Khazdair MR, Saadat S, Aslani MR, Shakeri F, Boskabady MH. Experimental and clinical studies on the effects of Portulaca oleracea L. and its constituents on respiratory, allergic, and immunologic disorders, a review. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6813-6842. [PMID: 34462981 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Various pharmacological effects for Portulaca oleracea were shown in previous studies. Therefore, the effects of P. oleracea and its derivatives on respiratory, allergic, and immunologic diseases according to update experimental and clinical studies are provided in this review article. PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using appropriate keywords until the end of December 2020. The effects of P. oleracea and its constituents such as quercetin and kaempferol on an animal model of asthma were shown. Portulaca oleracea and its constituents also showed therapeutic effects on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic bronchitis in both experimental and clinical studies. The possible bronchodilatory effect of P. oleracea and its ingredients was also reported. Portulaca oleracea and its constituents showed the preventive effect on lung cancer and a clinical study showed the effect of P. oleracea on patients with lung adenocarcinoma. In addition, a various constituents of P. oleracea including, quercetin and kaempferol showed therapeutic effects on lung infections. This review indicates the therapeutic effect of P. oleracea and its constituents on various lung and allergic disorders but more clinical studies are required to establish the clinical efficacy of this plant and its constituents on lung and allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeideh Saadat
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Aslani
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Lung Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shakeri
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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19
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Cheng M, Zhang S, Ning C, Huo Q. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation Improve Nutritional Status and Inflammatory Response in Patients With Lung Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Nutr 2021; 8:686752. [PMID: 34395492 PMCID: PMC8362886 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.686752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Clinical studies have reported positive results with omega-3 supplements in patients with cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in improving the nutritional status and inflammatory markers of patients with lung cancer. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, parallel design trial, 60 patients with lung cancer at nutritional status/risk based on the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 were randomized to be allocated to two study groups, receiving omega-3 fatty acid supplements [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 1.6 g and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 0.8 g] or placebo for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements [weight, body mass index (BMI), the circumference of the upper arm, and skinfold thickness of triceps], nutrition-based laboratory indices (hemoglobin, albumin, triglyceride, and cholesterol), and inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6)] were measured before and after the intervention as study outcomes. Results: No significant difference between the two study groups was observed regarding basic characteristics and study outcomes. Compared with placebo group, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation group showed significant higher weight (66.71 ± 9.17 vs. 61.33 ± 8.03, p = 0.021), albumin (4.74 ± 0.80 vs. 4.21 ± 0.77, p = 0.013), and triglyceride (130.90 ± 25.17 vs. 119.07 ± 14.44, p = 0.032). Inflammatory markers were significantly reduced in omega-3 group compared to placebo (CRP 1.42 ± 0.63 vs. 3.00 ± 1.05, p = 0.001 and TNF-α 1.92 ± 0.65 vs. 4.24 ± 1.19, p = 0.001). No significant difference was observed between the two study groups regarding changes in BMI, the circumference of the upper arm, skinfold thickness of triceps, triglyceride, cholesterol, and IL-6 (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation can improve nutritional status and suppress the systemic inflammatory response in patients with lung cancer. Clinical Trial Registration:www.socialscienceregistry.org, identifier: AEARCTR-0007165.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjin Cheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Lu'an People's Hospital, Lu'an, China
| | - Shengqiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Lu'an People's Hospital, Lu'an, China
| | - Chengdong Ning
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Lu'an People's Hospital, Lu'an, China
| | - Qianlun Huo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu'an, China.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Lu'an People's Hospital, Lu'an, China
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20
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Structural characteristics of a highly branched and acetylated pectin from Portulaca oleracea L. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Ponnampalam EN, Sinclair AJ, Holman BWB. The Sources, Synthesis and Biological Actions of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids in Red Meat: An Overview. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061358. [PMID: 34208278 PMCID: PMC8230916 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The maximisation of available resources for animal production, food security and maintenance of human-animal wellbeing is important for an economically viable, resilient and sustainable future. Pasture and forage diets are common sources of short chain omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), while grain-based and feedlot diets are common sources of short chain omega-6 (n-6) PUFA. Animals deposit n-3 and n-6 PUFA as a result of their direct consumption, as feeds or by synthesis of longer chain PUFA from short chain FA precursors in the body via desaturation and elongation processes. Research conducted over the last three decades has determined that the consumption of n-3 PUFA can improve the health and wellbeing of humans through its biological, biochemical, pathological and pharmacological effects. n-6 PUFA also play an important role in human health, but when consumed at high levels, are potentially harmful. Research shows that current consumption of n-6 PUFA by the human population is high due to their meal choices and the supplied food types. If consumption of n-3 PUFA from land- and marine-based foods improves human health, it is likely that these same food types can improve the health and wellbeing of livestock (farm animals) by likewise enhancing the levels of the n-3 PUFA in their circulatory and tissue systems. Modern agricultural systems and advanced technologies have fostered large scale animal and crop production systems. These allow for the utilisation of plant concentrate-based diets to increase the rate of animal growth, often based on economics, and these diets are believed to contribute to unfavourable FA intakes. Knowledge of the risks associated with consuming foods that have greater concentration of n-6 PUFA may lead to health-conscious consumers avoiding or minimising their intake of animal- and plant-based foods. For this reason, there is scope to produce food from plant and animal origins that contain lesser amounts of n-6 PUFA and greater amounts of n-3 PUFA, the outcome of which could improve both animal and human health, wellbeing and resilience to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric N. Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrew J. Sinclair
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Benjamin W. B. Holman
- Centre for Red Meat and Sheep Development, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Cowra, NSW 2794, Australia;
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22
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Elsayed N, El-Din HS, Altemimi AB, Ahmed HY, Pratap-Singh A, Abedelmaksoud TG. In Vitro Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Egyptian Citrus Beebread. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092433. [PMID: 33922031 PMCID: PMC8122611 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Egyptian beebread (EBB) was investigated for its nutritive value, chemical composition, antioxidant properties, antimicrobial and antitumor activities. Results indicated that EBB was a good source of protein (23.58 ± 0.183 g/100 g BB), total free sugar (20.266 ± 0.930) and potassium (290.202 ± 2.645 mg/100 g). Additionally, 14 fatty acids were identified in EBB, wherein polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids represented 51.06% ± 0.09% and 9.86% ± 0.01%, respectively. The EBB extract exhibited almost 400% better antiradical activity than BHT, with IC50 of EBB extract being 10.7 µg/mL compared to 39.5 µg/mL for BHT. EBB exhibited higher inhibitory activity than the reference compound against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, followed by Bacillus subtilis. No inhibitory activity was observed against Aspergillus Niger. Additionally, the highest inhibitory activity was recorded against Caco-2 cells, followed by PC3 and HepG-2 cancer cell lines with IC50 values 262, 314 and 386 μg/mL, respectively. These findings establish the potential of EBB as an antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor agent, with possible applications as natural food supplements and natural preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesren Elsayed
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (N.E.); (A.P.-S.)
| | - Hatem Sharaf El-Din
- Economic Entomology and Pesticides Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Ammar B. Altemimi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq;
| | - Hanaa Y. Ahmed
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt;
| | - Anubhav Pratap-Singh
- Food, Nutrition & Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Correspondence: (N.E.); (A.P.-S.)
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Halophyte Plants and Their Residues as Feedstock for Biogas Production—Chances and Challenges. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11062746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The importance of green technologies is steadily growing. Salt-tolerant plants have been proposed as energy crops for cultivation on saline lands. Halophytes such as Salicornia europaea, Tripolium pannonicum, Crithmum maritimum and Chenopodium quinoa, among many other species, can be cultivated in saline lands, in coastal areas or for treating saline wastewater, and the biomass might be used for biogas production as an integrated process of biorefining. However, halophytes have different salt tolerance mechanisms, including compartmentalization of salt in the vacuole, leading to an increase of sodium in the plant tissues. The sodium content of halophytes may have an adverse effect on the anaerobic digestion process, which needs adjustments to achieve stable and efficient conversion of the halophytes into biogas. This review gives an overview of the specificities of halophytes that needs to be accounted for using their biomass as feedstocks for biogas plants in order to expand renewable energy production. First, the different physiological mechanisms of halophytes to grow under saline conditions are described, which lead to the characteristic composition of the halophyte biomass, which may influence the biogas production. Next, possible mechanisms to avoid negative effects on the anaerobic digestion process are described, with an overview of full-scale applications. Taking all these aspects into account, halophyte plants have a great potential for biogas and methane production with yields similar to those produced by other energy crops and the simultaneous benefit of utilization of saline soils.
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Kewlani P, Tewari DC, Singh L, Negi VS, Bhatt ID, Pande V. Saturated and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Rich Populations of <i>Prinsepia utilis</i> Royle in Western Himalaya. J Oleo Sci 2021; 71:481-491. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laxman Singh
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment
| | | | | | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus
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SANTIAGO-SAENZ YO, LÓPEZ-PALESTINA CU, GUTIÉRREZ-TLAHQUE J, MONROY-TORRES R, PINEDO-ESPINOZA JM, HERNÁNDEZ-FUENTES AD. Nutritional and functional evaluation of three powder mixtures based on mexican quelites: alternative ingredients to formulate food supplements. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.28419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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26
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Sánchez-Faure A, Calvo MM, Pérez-Jiménez J, Martín-Diana AB, Rico D, Montero MP, Gómez-Guillén MDC, López-Caballero ME, Martínez-Alvarez O. Exploring the potential of common iceplant, seaside arrowgrass and sea fennel as edible halophytic plants. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Mortazavi Moghaddam SG, Kianmehr M, Khazdair MR. The Possible Therapeutic Effects of Some Medicinal Plants for Chronic Cough in Children. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:2149328. [PMID: 33062002 PMCID: PMC7547355 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2149328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of plants or their isolated bioactive components for the prevention and treatment of various disorders has been developed. Here, we aim to identify effective medicinal plants for relief of cough and respiratory symptoms in children. The data of this review article were obtained from published articles in scientific databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, until December 2019. The keywords, including "Zataria multiflora Boiss." OR "Portulaca oleracea L." OR "Ferula assa-foetida L." OR "Nigella sativa L." AND "respiratory symptoms" OR "airway inflammation" OR "smooth muscle relaxant effects," were searched individually or combined. The mentioned medicinal plants decreased total white blood cell (WBC), neutrophils, and eosinophils counts of blood and lung lavage in animal model-induced respiratory disorders. These plants also have protective effects on serum immunoglobulin, antibody titer, eosinophil count, and proinflammatory cytokines. Evidence from the studies indicated that the abovementioned medicinal plants have smooth muscle relaxant properties (bronchodilator effects) via stimulation of β-adrenoceptor or inhibition of muscarinic receptors (in vitro) and also improved the pulmonary function test in clinical settings. These medicinal plants are safe and easy to use. Based on the anti-inflammatory, anti-antispasmodic, and immunomodulatory effects, the clinical benefit may be assumed, therefore considering a place for these medicinal plants in relieve of chronic cough and symptoms of children's allergy, asthma, and common cold.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Godlewska K, Pacyga P, Michalak I, Biesiada A, Szumny A, Pachura N, Piszcz U. Field-Scale Evaluation of Botanical Extracts Effect on the Yield, Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Celeriac ( Apium graveolens L. Var. rapaceum). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184212. [PMID: 32937923 PMCID: PMC7571039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of higher plants for the production of plant growth biostimulants is receiving increased attention among scientists, farmers, investors, consumers and regulators. The aim of the present study was to examine the possibility of converting plants commonly occurring in Europe (St. John's wort, giant goldenrod, common dandelion, red clover, nettle, valerian) into valuable and easy to use bio-products. The biostimulating activity of botanical extracts and their effect on the chemical composition of celeriac were identified. Plant-based extracts, obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction and mechanical homogenisation, were tested in field trials. It was found that the obtained formulations increased the total yield of leaves rosettes and roots, the dry weight of leaves rosettes and roots, the content of chlorophyll a + b and carotenoids, the greenness index of leaves, the content of vitamin C in leaves and roots. They mostly decreased the content of polyphenols and antioxidant activities in leaves but increased them in roots and conversely affected the nitrates content. Extracts showed a varied impact on the content of micro and macroelements, as well as the composition of volatile compounds and fatty acids in the celeriac biomass. Due to the modulatory properties of the tested products, they may be used successfully in sustainable horticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Godlewska
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Paweł Pacyga
- Department of Mechanics, Machines and Energy Processes, Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Izabela Michalak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anita Biesiada
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Antoni Szumny
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.S.); (N.P.)
| | - Natalia Pachura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.S.); (N.P.)
| | - Urszula Piszcz
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland;
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Desta M, Molla A, Yusuf Z. Characterization of physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activity of oil from seed, leaf and stem of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L .). BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 27:e00512. [PMID: 32817842 PMCID: PMC7426535 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a member of the family of portulacaceae and is a very good source of alpha-linoleic acid. Alpha-linoleic is an omega-3 fatty acid which plays an important role in human growth, development and in preventing diseases. Characterization of the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of oil from seeds, leaves and stems of purslane, and appraisal of its viability is the main purpose of this study. In this work, physicochemical properties of oil from seed, leaf and stem of purslane were characterized and the highest oil content was observed in seed (11.25 %) using solvent extraction method. The highest specific gravity was recorded for seed oil (1.10 w/w) followed by leaf oil (0.73 w/w) with non-significant difference. Moreover, oil extracted from purslane stem was found to be the least in oil content (2 %) and specific gravity (0.14 w/w); but the highest in acid value (13.32 w/v) and percentage free fatty acid. The peroxide value was found to be the highest for seed oil and the least for stem with significant difference. The highest ascorbic acid content was recorded for purslane seed oil (41.67 %) followed by leaf oil (32.29 %). Likewise, the highest 1, 1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine activity was obtained for leaf oil (12.55 %) followed by seed oil (2.05 %). The plot for PC2 vs PC1 showed the oil content, specific gravity, peroxide value, ascorbic acid and 1, 1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine having close PC1 and PC2 scores with vector angle < 90 0 showing correlated effects. Characterizing physical and chemical properties and antioxidant activity of oil from seeds, leaves and stems of purslane is crucial in providing necessary information for the utilization of the oil content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta Desta
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Andualem Molla
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Computational &Natural Sciences, Haramaya University, 138 Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Zekeria Yusuf
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Computational &Natural Sciences, Haramaya University, 138 Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
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Foliar spray of salicylic acid induces physiological and biochemical changes in purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) under drought stress. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00571-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ponnampalam EN, Knight MI, Moate PJ, Jacobs JL. An alternative approach for sustainable sheep meat production: implications for food security. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:83. [PMID: 32685146 PMCID: PMC7362406 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A pelleted diet containing camelina hay (CAMH) or camelina meal (CAMM) as a supplement along with a control pellet (CONT) diet formulated with commonly available feeds during summer was used to investigate an alternative pathway for sustainable meat production. Sustainable meat production was based on a simple estimation of income from meat produced versus feed costs if animals were fed for an extended period over summer compared to early slaughter at the beginning of summer. Eighty maternal composite wether lambs (Composite) based on Coopworth genetics and 80 pure Merino wether yearlings were divided into 10 groups within breed (n = 8) using stratified randomisation based on liveweights. Following 1 week of adaptation to experimental diets, animals were fed experimental diets for up to10 weeks. Results Animals were slaughtered after either 8, 9 or 10 weeks of full feeding when the average liveweight of diet/genetic combination reached a weight appropriate for either ‘heavy lamb’ or ‘heavy hogget’ production, which occurred between 8 and 10 weeks of full feeding. There was no diet × breed interactions except for dressing percentage (DP), where Composite lambs fed the CAMH diet had the greatest DP (48.1 ± 0.35) and the Merino yearlings fed the CAMM diet the lowest DP (45.8 ± 0.33). Composite lambs gained 17.6–20.3 kg and Merino yearlings gained 10.7–12.9 kg liveweight. Based on their DP, this resulted in the production of approximately 8.3–9.5 kg additional carcass weight in Composites and 4.9–5.7 kg in Merinos, which in turn produced greater profit per Composite lamb and a small profit per Merino yearling. Conclusions Composite lambs fed CAMM and CAMH had 5% greater carcass weights at slaughter compared to the CONT group, but dietary treatments did not change carcass weight of Merino yearlings at slaughter. The extended feeding approach offered the producer an estimated economic gain of AUD $20.00 to $25.00 when yearly average prices were used (Method 1) and AUD $40.00 to $47.70 when pre- and post-summer average prices were used (Method 2) per Composite lambs, but extra carcass gain did not result in the same profit per Merino yearling. Among the Composites, the profit for animals fed the CAMH and CAMM were AUD $2.75 to $4.50 greater than CONT group when full year average prices were applied while AUD $3.50 to $5.50 greater than CONT group when pre- and post-summer average prices were applied. However, we acknowledge a combination approach of extended feeding for a portion of animals already on ground and selling the remaining animals pre-summer with joining of additional ewes is the most likely strategy. Considering the scenario of extended feeding for 3 weeks, based on the growth rates observed for Composite lambs, if an additional 2 kg carcass weight per animal can be gained for 50% of the 22 million lambs slaughtered in Australia (= 11 million animals), it would potentially supply an additional 22 million kg of lamb carcasses produced per annum. This is equivalent to producing an extra 1 million lamb carcasses per annum weighing 22 kg each. Feeding Composite lambs for an extended period and selling Merino yearlings pre-summer may be a good option due to faster growth rate of Composites that may help quick turn-over to market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric N Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC 3083 Australia
| | - Matthew I Knight
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Hamilton, VIC 3300 Australia
| | - Peter J Moate
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Ellinbank, Victoria 3821 Australia.,Centre for Agricultural Innovation, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Joe L Jacobs
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Ellinbank, Victoria 3821 Australia.,Centre for Agricultural Innovation, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
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Saffaryazdi A, Ganjeali A, Farhoosh R, Cheniany M. Variation in phenolic compounds, α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid contents and antioxidant activity of purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.) during phenological growth stages. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1519-1529. [PMID: 32647465 PMCID: PMC7326857 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) contains a variety of natural products with different biological properties. The objective of this research was to estimate changes in total phenolics, flavonoids, and fatty acids (α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid) contents as well as antioxidant activity of P. oleracea at different growth stages. Seeds were germinated in soil-filled plastic pots at greenhouse. Leaves and stems were collected at the vegetative and flowering stages. Total phenol and flavonoid contents of the samples were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. The contents of α-linolenic and linoleic acids were determined using gas chromatography analysis after transesterification of fatty acids. Furthermore, Ferric reducing antioxidant power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assays were used to determine the antioxidant activities. The highest contents of total phenols (698.6 mg GAE 100 g-1 DW), flavonoids (46.9 mg QE 100 g-1 DW), α-linolenic acid (2.7 mg g-1 DW) and linoleic acid (0.8 mg g-1 DW) were determined in the leaves at flowering stage. Free radical scavenging capacity was significantly affected (P ≤ 0.05) by age; and the leaves of purslane had more antioxidant potential compared to stems. A positive correlation was observed between the antioxidant activities and total phenols content. Overall, purslane leaves at flowering stage can be regarded as a valuable source of fatty acids (especially α-linolenic acid) and antioxidants in human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Saffaryazdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Ganjeali
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Farhoosh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Monireh Cheniany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Ray A, Ray R, Sreevidya EA. How Many Wild Edible Plants Do We Eat—Their Diversity, Use, and Implications for Sustainable Food System: An Exploratory Analysis in India. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild edible plants are still eaten by a large section of the global population and ensure both affordable food and nutritional security. We tested this in an Indian context, where an enormous diversity of such plants constitutes a significant part of the rural diet and their acceptance has been high. In this study, we assessed the diversity of wild edible plant resource and the importance of species based on the use and its pattern. We have also shortlisted a set of plants to make an informed decision on prioritization. We found a great variety of plants (1,403 species) from 184 families were consumed across India, although the first 44 families (24%) contributed largely to the (75%) diversity. Leguminosae followed by Compositae, Poaceae, Malvaceae, and Rosaceae, were the families with the highest number of species. We note that a few species from the large pool were extensively used throughout the country while another few were valued for their multiple edible plant parts. Leafy shoots (722 species) followed by fruits (652 species) were the two most-eaten plant parts. Our results strengthen the fact that: (a) wild edibles have been an integral part of the diet; (b) their widespread assimilation into local food culture suggests an untapped potential to ensure easy availability and access to micronutrients for sustainable food systems, and thus in social welfare; and (c) they should be incorporated into the national food policy for formal cultivation and promotion.
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Pasta S, La Rosa A, Garfì G, Marcenò C, Gristina AS, Carimi F, Guarino R. An Updated Checklist of the Sicilian Native Edible Plants: Preserving the Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Century-Old Agro-Pastoral Landscapes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:388. [PMID: 32411152 PMCID: PMC7201097 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The traditional use of native wild food plants (NWFP) may represent a valuable supplementary food source for the present and future generations. In Sicily, the use of wild plants in the human diet dates back to very ancient times and still plays an important role in some rural communities. Moreover, in this regard, the natural and cultural inheritance of this island is wealthy and diversified for several reasons. First, Sicily hosts a rich vascular flora, with 3,000 native and 350 endemic plants. Second, due to its central position in the Mediterranean, the island has acted as a veritable melting pot for the ethnobotanical knowledge of the rural communities of the entire basin. We reviewed all the available literature and, starting from such omnicomprehensive checklist, partially improved thanks to the data issuing from recent field investigations, we critically revised the whole species list, basing our review on field data issuing from interviews and on our expert knowledge. As a result, we provide a substantially updated list of 292 NWFP growing on the island. Further 34 species, reported as NWFP on previous papers were discarded because they are not native to Sicily, while 45 species were listed separately because their identity, occurrence and local use as food is doubtful and needs to be further investigated. Moreover, we tried to shed light on the ecology (growth form and preferential habitat) of the Sicilian NWFP, with special focus on crop wild relatives (CWR). Our preliminary ecological analyses point out that a high percentage of these plants are linked with the so-called 'cultural' landscapes, patchy semi-natural environments rich in ecotones, leading to the conclusion that the maintenance of century-old agro-pastoral practices may represent an effective way to preserve the local heritage of edible plants. Our study allowed to identify as much as 102 taxa of agronomic interest which could be tested as novel crops in order to face ongoing global changes and to comply with sustainable agriculture policies. Among them, 39 taxa show promising traits in terms of tolerance to one or more environmental stress factors, while 55 more are considered CWR and/or can be easily cultivated and/or show high productivity/yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Pasta
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Garfì
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Corrado Marcenò
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Francesco Carimi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Guarino
- Dipartimento STeBiCeF, Sezione Botanica, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Petropoulos SA, Fernandes Â, Dias MI, Pereira C, Calhelha R, Di Gioia F, Tzortzakis N, Ivanov M, Sokovic M, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR. Wild and Cultivated Centaurea raphanina subsp. mixta: A Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040314. [PMID: 32326524 PMCID: PMC7222212 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Centaurea raphanina subsp. mixta (DC.) Runemark is a wild edible species endemic to Greece. This study evaluated the chemical composition and bioactive properties of wild and cultivated C. raphanina subsp. mixta plants. Wild plants had higher nutritional value than cultivated ones, whereas cultivated plants contained more tocopherols. Glucose and sucrose were higher in cultivated plants and trehalose in wild ones. Oxalic and total organic acids were detected in higher amounts in cultivated samples. The main fatty acids were α-linolenic, linoleic and palmitic acid, while wild plants were richer in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Two pinocembrin derivatives were the main phenolic compounds being detected in higher amounts in wild plants. Regarding the antioxidant activity, wild and cultivated plants were more effective in the oxidative haemolysis (OxHLIA) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assays, respectively. Moreover, both extracts showed moderate cytotoxicity in non-tumor cell lines (PLP2), while cultivated plants were more effective against cervical carcinoma (HeLa), breast carcinoma (MCF-7) and non-small lung cancer (NCI-H460) cell lines. Finally, wild plants showed higher antimicrobial activity than cultivated plants against specific pathogens. In conclusion, the cultivation of C.raphanina subsp. mixta showed promising results in terms of tocopherols content and antiproliferative effects, however further research is needed to decrease oxalic acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 N. Ionia, Greece
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (I.C.F.R.F.); Tel.: +30-2421-093-196 (S.A.P.); +351-273-330-904 (I.C.F.R.F.)
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Maria Ines Dias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Carla Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Ricardo Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Francesco Di Gioia
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Nikolaos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos 3603, Cyprus;
| | - Marija Ivanov
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Marina Sokovic
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (Â.F.); (M.I.D.); (C.P.); (R.C.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (I.C.F.R.F.); Tel.: +30-2421-093-196 (S.A.P.); +351-273-330-904 (I.C.F.R.F.)
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Nemzer B, Al-Taher F, Abshiru N. Phytochemical composition and nutritional value of different plant parts in two cultivated and wild purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) genotypes. Food Chem 2020; 320:126621. [PMID: 32203838 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) is a weed naturally found in driveways, lawns, and fields and edible in many regions of Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Australia. The purpose of this study was to compare the nutritional and phytochemical components of cultivated and wild purslane. Omega-3 contents of both purslane genotypes were comparable with 189.16 ± 25.52 mg/100 g dry weight and 188.48 ± 6.35 mg/100 g dry weight in cultivated and wild purslane leaves, respectively. Omega-6/omega-3 ratio (1:1-1:3) were low in both genotypes. However, high levels of oxalic acid were observed. Cultivated contained greater amounts of amino acids and vitamins than wild purslane. Of the 184 compounds identified in both genotypes by LC-MS/MS, including phenolic acids, organic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and betanin, more than 80 showed greater than two-fold abundance in the wild compared to cultivated purslane. Purslane has the potential to be cultivated as a food ingredient for nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Nemzer
- VDF FutureCeuticals, Inc, Momence, IL 60954, USA; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Khalifa SA, Elashal M, Kieliszek M, Ghazala NE, Farag MA, Saeed A, Xiao J, Zou X, Khatib A, Göransson U, El-Seedi HR. Recent insights into chemical and pharmacological studies of bee bread. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Adi AC, Rachmah Q, Arimbi AN. The Acceptance and Nutritional Value of Crispy Noodles Supplemented with Moringa oleifera as a Functional Snack for Children in a Food Insecure Area. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2020; 24:387-392. [PMID: 31915633 PMCID: PMC6941721 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2019.24.4.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild foods and underutilized foods are a significant source of nutrients and bioactive components for rural and poor households in food insecure areas. Moringa oleifera (or “Kelor” in Indonesia) is a wild plant that can be utilized as a raw food material. The purpose of this study was to analyse preference of and nutrition and bioactive contents in crispy noodles supplemented with M. oleifera leaf puree. This work applied a randomized experimental study design with six repetitions. To determine the difference between formulas (F0=0%, F1=10%, and F2=20%), organoleptic properties with hedonic test and data concerning organoleptics were processed using Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test (α=0.05). An organoleptic test from 30 untrained panellists showed that formula F1 (10% of M. oleifera leaf puree) was the most preferred level added to the crispy noodles. The content of M. oleifera leaf puree significantly influenced the level of aroma and taste of the crispy noodles (P<0.05), but not the texture or colour. In addition, crispy noodles supplemented with M. oleifera leaf puree provided enough nutrients (protein, vitamin A and C, calcium, and zinc), as well as polyphenol and flavonoid substances, which show several health benefits. Taken together, crispy noodles supplemented with M. oleifera leaf puree is a promising functional snack for children at food insecure areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annis Catur Adi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Qonita Rachmah
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Agnessia Nanda Arimbi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, West Java 16680, Indonesia
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Guo J, Dong X, Li Y, Wang B. NaCl treatment markedly enhanced pollen viability and pollen preservation time of euhalophyte Suaeda salsa via up regulation of pollen development-related genes. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:57-71. [PMID: 31654246 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable growth of halophytes has significantly increased through moderate salinity. However, little is known about the reproductive traits of euhalophytes. Male reproduction is pivotal for fertilization and seed production and sensitive to abiotic stressors. The pollen viability and pollen longevity of Suaeda salsa treated with 0 and 200 mM of NaCl were evaluated. It was revealed that the pollen size of S. salsa treated with NaCl was significantly bigger than that in controls. Furthermore, the pollen viability of S. salsa plants treated with NaCl was also significantly higher than that of control after 8 h of the pollens were collected (from 10 to 27 h). The pollen viability of NaCl-treated plants in the field could be maintained for 8 h (from 07:00 to 15:00) in sunny days, which was 1 h longer than that of control plants (from 07:00 to 14:00). Meanwhile, the pollen preservation time of NaCl-treated plants was 16 h at room temperature, which was 8 h longer than that of control plants. Genes related to pollen development, such as SsPRK3, SsPRK4, and SsLRX, exhibited high expression in the flowers of NaCl-treated plants. This indicated that NaCl markedly improved the pollen viability and preservation time via the increased expression of pollen development-related genes, and this benefits the population establishment of halophytes such as S. salsa in saline regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxiu Dong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China.
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Petropoulos SA, Fernandes Â, Calhelha RC, Di Gioia F, Kolovou P, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR. Chemical composition and bioactive properties of Cichorium spinosum L. in relation to nitrate/ammonium nitrogen ratio. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:6741-6750. [PMID: 31350862 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogenous fertilizers may affect the yield and quality of leafy vegetables via the application rate and nitrogen form. In the present study, the effect of the nitrate:ammonium nitrogen ratio in the nutrient solution on the chemical composition and bioactive properties of Cichorium spinosum leaves was evaluated. For this purpose, C. spinosum plants were fertigated with nutrient solution containing different ratios of nitrate: ammonium nitrogen: (i) 100:0 NO3 -N:NH4 -N; (ii) 75:25 NO3 -N:NH4 -N; (iii) 50:50 NO3 -N:NH4 -N; (iv) 25:75 NO3 -N:NH4 -N; and (v) 0:100 NO3 -N:NH4 -N of total nitrogen; as well as (vi) 100% ureic nitrogen. RESULTS The only detected tocopherol isoforms were α- and δ-tocopherol, which were positively affected by nitrate nitrogen (100:0 NO3 -N:NH4 -N). Similar results were observed for individual and total organic acids. The main detected sugars were fructose, glucose and sucrose, with a varied effect of nutrient solution composition on their content, whereas total sugar concentration was positively affected by a balanced or a slightly increased proportion of NH4 -N (50:50 and 25:75 NO3 -N:NH4 -N). The fatty acids profile was beneficially affected by the highest NH4 -N ratio (0:100 NO3 -N:NH4 -N), whereas higher amounts of NO3 - than NH4 + nitrogen (75:25 NO3 -N:NH4 -N) resulted in a higher content of total phenolic compounds. Finally, no cytotoxic effects were observed against non-tumor (PLP2, HeLa) and tumor (HepG2, MCF-7, NCI-H460) cell lines for any of the studied nutrient solutions. CONCLUSION The modulation of NO3 -N:NH4 -N ratio in the nutrient solution supplied to C. spinosum may enhance the content of desirable health-promoting compounds and reduce the content of antinutrients, thus increasing the overall quality of the final product without compromising yield. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A Petropoulos
- University of Thessaly, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, Nea Ionia, Magnissia, Greece
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ricardo C Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Francesco Di Gioia
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Panagiota Kolovou
- University of Thessaly, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, Nea Ionia, Magnissia, Greece
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
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Shapira N. The Metabolic Concept of Meal Sequence vs. Satiety: Glycemic and Oxidative Responses with Reference to Inflammation Risk, Protective Principles and Mediterranean Diet. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2373. [PMID: 31590352 PMCID: PMC6835480 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With increasing exposure to eating opportunities and postprandial conditions becoming dominant states, acute effects of meals are garnering interest. In this narrative review, meal components, combinations and course sequence were questioned vis-à-vis resultant postprandial responses, including satiety, glycemic, oxidative and inflammatory risks/outcomes vs. protective principles, with reference to the Mediterranean diet. Representative scientific literature was reviewed and explained, and corresponding recommendations discussed and illustrated. Starting meals with foods, courses and/or preloads high in innate/added/incorporated water and/or fibre, followed by protein-based courses, delaying carbohydrates and fatty foods and minimizing highly-processed/sweetened hedonic foods, would increase satiety-per-calorie vs. obesogenic passive overconsumption. Similarly, starting with high-water/fibre dishes, followed by high-protein foods, oils/fats, and delayed/reduced slowly-digested whole/complex carbohydrate sources, optionally closing with simpler carbohydrates/sugars, would reduce glycaemic response. Likewise, starting with foods high in innate/added/incorporated water/fibre/antioxidants, high monounsaturated fatty acid foods/oils, light proteins and whole/complex carbohydrate foods, with foods/oils low in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios, and minimal-to-no red meat and highly/ultra-processed foods/lipids, would reduce oxidative/inflammatory response. Pyramids illustrating representative meal sequences, from most-to-least protective foods, visually communicate similarities between axes, suggesting potential unification for optimal meal sequence, consistent with anti-inflammatory nutrition and Mediterranean diet/meal principles, warranting application and outcome evaluation.
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Grauso L, Emrick S, Bonanomi G, Lanzotti V. Metabolomics of the alimurgic plants Taraxacum officinale, Papaver rhoeas and Urtica dioica by combined NMR and GC-MS analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2019; 30:535-546. [PMID: 31177603 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The phytoalimurgic plants, common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas) and stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) are a source of nutraceuticals. OBJECTIVES To apply a combined metabolomic fingerprinting approach by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to common dandelion, corn poppy and stinging nettles to obtain simultaneous identification and quantitation of the major classes of organic compounds. METHODOLOGY The whole plants collected in the Cilento National Park were dried and then extracted to obtain non-polar and polar organic extracts. GC-MS was used for non-polar extracts while 1 H-NMR spectroscopy was used for polar extracts. In both cases, simultaneous identification and quantification of the bioactive metabolites was obtained. RESULTS Non-polar organic extracts of all plants were mainly composed of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids. The two pentacyclic triterpenols α- and β-amyrin were detected in nettle extract. The analysis of polar organic extracts allowed to detect and quantify organic acids and sugars as main metabolites along with amino acids, caffeoyl derivatives, flavonoids, and nucleotides. In particular, corn poppy leaves contained a huge amount of glyceric acid (55.7% of the total extract). Stinging nettles, instead, exhibited a large amount of choline (19.5%). CONCLUSION Metabolomic approach coupling GC-MS with NMR spectroscopy allowed to provide a detailed metabolite profile of three alimurgic plants, common dandelion, corn poppy and stinging nettle, from both a qualitative and quantitative point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Grauso
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Emrick
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliano Bonanomi
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Lanzotti
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Naples, Italy
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Khazdair MR, Anaeigoudari A, Kianmehr M. Anti-Asthmatic Effects of Portulaca Oleracea and its Constituents, a Review. J Pharmacopuncture 2019; 22:122-130. [PMID: 31673441 PMCID: PMC6820471 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2019.22.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The medicinal plants are believed to enhance the natural resistance of the body to infections. Some of the main constituents of the plant and derived materials such as, proteins, lectins and polysaccharides have anti-inflammatory effects. Portulaca oleracea (P. oleracea) were used traditionally for dietary, food additive, spice and various medicinal purposes. This review article is focus on the anti-asthmatic effects of P. oleracea and its constituents. METHODS Various databases, such as the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched the keywords including "Portulaca oleracea", "Quercetin", "Anti-inflammatory", "Antioxidant", "Cytokines", "Smooth muscle ", and " Relaxant effects " until the end of Jul 2018. RESULTS P. oleracea extracts and its constituents increased IFN-γ, IL-2, IFNγ/IL-4 and IL- 10/IL-4 ratio, but decreased secretion of TNF-α, IL-4 and chemokines in both in vitro and in vivo studies. P. oleracea extracts and quercetin also significantly decreased production of NO, stimulated β-adrenoceptor and/or blocking muscarinic receptors in tracheal smooth muscles. Conclusion: P. oleracea extracts and quercetin showed relatively potent anti-asthmatic effects due to decreased production of NO, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, reduced oxidant while enhanced antioxidant markers, and also showed potent relaxant effects on tracheal smooth muscles via stimulatory on β-adrenoceptor or/and blocking muscarinic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akbar Anaeigoudari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft,
Iran
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Seif MM, Madboli AN, Marrez DA, Aboulthana WM. Hepato-Renal protective Effects of Egyptian Purslane Extract against Experimental Cadmium Toxicity in Rats with Special Emphasis on the Functional and Histopathological Changes. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:625-631. [PMID: 31367527 PMCID: PMC6650623 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to clarify the hapato-nephroprotective effects of purslane ethanolic extract (PEE) against cadmium toxicity. Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal. Cd occurs as environmental and food/ feed contamination causing public and animals health hazards. Liver and kidney are the main target organs for acute and chronic cadmium toxicity. Portulaca oleracea is rich in several vitamins, minerals, antioxidant components, and omega-3 fatty acids mainly α-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. Results showed significant elevation of the liver and kidney functions, lipid profile and lipid peroxidation. In contrast to the antioxidants enzymatic were greatly decreased. The hepatic and renal tissues showed severe degeneration and necrosis accompanied by severe congestion and multifocal hemorrhages in Cd intoxicated rats. All parameters and tissues showed no changes in rates-treated with both Cd and purslane extract as compared with the control rats. The administration of PEE provided a significantly protection against Cd-induced hepato-nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Seif
- Department of Toxicology and Food Contaminants, National Research Centre, 33 Elbohoth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Naser Madboli
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, National Research Centre, 33 Elbohoth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Diaa A. Marrez
- Department of Toxicology and Food Contaminants, National Research Centre, 33 Elbohoth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wael M.K. Aboulthana
- Department of Biochemistry, National Research Centre, 33 Elbohoth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Sdouga D, Ben Amor F, Ghribi S, Kabtni S, Tebini M, Branca F, Trifi-Farah N, Marghali S. An insight from tolerance to salinity stress in halophyte Portulaca oleracea L.: Physio-morphological, biochemical and molecular responses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 172:45-52. [PMID: 30677744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Salinity represents one of the environmental conditions with adverse effects on the productivity of most crops throughout the world. The response of plants to salt stress is of great interest for research to understand the mechanism involved in tolerance to salinity and highlight insights into the improvement of salt tolerance-crops of importance. In this study, the effect of salt stress was observed in wild and cultivated populations of P. oleracea originated from Tunisia and Italy. The results showed that at various concentrations of NaCl (0 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM and 150 mM), salinity has led to changes in growth parameters marked mainly by an increase in fresh and dry biomass. Beside, one of the salinity-induced side effects corresponds to the competition of Na+ and K+ ions for potassium root transporters. Our results suggested that purslane deployed an important element of tolerance such as the transporters ability to discriminate cations. In addition, the variation of PC5S gene expression tested by semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed that proline synthesis is important in plants adaptation in saline conditions. A correlation between the gene expression varying by population and saline concentration and the level of proline assayed on the leaves of P. oleracea was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorra Sdouga
- Laboratory of Molecular genetics, Immunology, and Biotechnology (LR99ES12), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ben Amor
- Laboratory of Molecular genetics, Immunology, and Biotechnology (LR99ES12), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sami Ghribi
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology (UR/ES25), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Souhir Kabtni
- Laboratory of Molecular genetics, Immunology, and Biotechnology (LR99ES12), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Tebini
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology (UR/ES25), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ferdinando Branca
- Di3A, Università di Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Neila Trifi-Farah
- Laboratory of Molecular genetics, Immunology, and Biotechnology (LR99ES12), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Marghali
- Laboratory of Molecular genetics, Immunology, and Biotechnology (LR99ES12), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
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Kızılet H, Yilmaz B, Uysal H. Herbal medicine against genotoxicity of dimethoate, an insecticide, in mammalian somatic cells. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01337. [PMID: 30923767 PMCID: PMC6423489 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the genotoxic effects of dimethoate (DIM) were investigated with the in vitro micronucleus test in human peripheral lymphocytes. The ethanol extracts of Rosa canina and Salvia lavandulifolia were used to remove possible genotoxic effects of these substances. For this purpose, different concentrations (0.5-1-2 μg/mL) of dimethoate, DIM + RCeta and DIM + SLeta (1:1 v/v) application groups were prepared and applied to the blood culture. The obtained data were compared with the negative control group that was prepared with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent and a well-known genotoxic effects of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) as positive control group. It was observed in lymphocyte cells that the frequency of MN considerably increased depending on the increasing dose of DIM whereas the nuclear division index (NBI)decreased according to the control group, especially in the last concentration (2 μg/mL). But, as the MN frequency decreased, NBI values approached to control group with 2μg/mL DIM + RCeta and 2μg/mL DIM + SLeta according to DIM application group (P < 0.05). Additionally, RCeta and SLeta were analyzed by gas chromotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Halit Kızılet
- Department of Cardiology, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, 25100, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Bilal Yilmaz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Handan Uysal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
- Corresponding author.
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Traditional Salads and Soups with Wild Plants as a Source of Antioxidants: A Comparative Chemical Analysis of Five Species Growing in Central Italy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6782472. [PMID: 30949221 PMCID: PMC6425424 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6782472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The interest and demand for nutraceuticals are rapidly increasing in many industrialized countries due to the emergence of health risks associated with the increased consumption of processed foods. Several wild Mediterranean plants used as traditional foods are an extraordinary source of nutraceutical substances with antioxidant properties. This study has two main aims: (1) to quantify the antioxidant properties of traditional wild food plants and (2) to determine if their use in soups (i.e., the cooking process) can alter their beneficial properties. We have evaluated the antioxidant capacity (ABTS, DPPH) and the Total Phenolic Content (Folin-Ciocalteu) of five herbaceous plants traditionally consumed in several areas of Central Italy: (A) Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth, (B) Hypochaeris radicata L., (C) Cichorium intybus L., (D) Tordylium apulum L., and (E) Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub. Our analyses show good levels of antioxidant capacity for all plants, with Reichardia picroides and Helminthotheca echioides having the highest levels. There is a high correlation between the antioxidant activity and the Total Phenolic Content especially in Reichardia picroides (R2=0.92) and Hypochaeris radicata (R2=0.93). Boiling the species caused a general decrease in the antioxidant activity and polyphenols. Our study confirms the health benefits of consuming wild plants, especially raw ones in salads. It also supports the use of ethnobotanical information to study and then promote the consumption of wild food plants.
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Oh JH, Seo Y, Kong CS. Anti-photoaging effects of solvent-partitioned fractions from Portulaca oleracea L. on UVB-stressed human keratinocytes. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12814. [PMID: 31353601 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the anti-photoaging activity of solvent-fractionated extracts from Portulaca oleracea L. was investigated in ultraviolet B-stressed keratinocytes. The results showed that the treatment of the fractions suppressed the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activated mRNA and protein expression levels of superoxide dismutase1 (SOD-1) and heme oxygenase1 (HO-1) enzymes via Nrf-2 pathway. The tested fractions down-regulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and up-regulated type Ⅰ procollagen production. Among the tested samples, the 85% aq. MeOH fraction was the most effective in suppressing MMPs and type Ⅰ procollagen degradation. Two homoisoflavonoids, portulacanone A (PA) and portulacanon D (PD), were isolated from the 85% aq. MeOH fraction. PA and PD successfully inhibited the secretionof MMP-1 and increased the production of type Ⅰ procollagen in UVB-stressed keratinocytes. Therefore, solvent-partitioned factions from P. oleracea and its active components, PA and PD, were suggested to have beneficial effects against photoaging. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Portulaca oleracea L. is an edible nutrient-rich herb with high amounts of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, ascorbic acid, and dietary minerals. P. oleracea has also been used as a botanical medicine for its potential health benefits such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiinflammatory properties. The current study suggested that the extracts from P. oleracea were able to prevent human keratinocytes from UVB-induced stress and damage. Due to its protective abilities, it can be used as an additive in the cosmeceutical industry to produce novel skin protectants. In addition, due to its intracellular antioxidant and MMP inhibitory effects, it can be a valuable source for nutraceutical development. Further studies that characterize the isolated flavonoids may also yield bioactive molecules to be utilized in cosmeceutical and nutraceutical industries as lead compounds. Nevertheless, P. oleracea can serve as a health beneficial addition to topical applications and dietary supplements against UVB-stimulated oxidative stress in skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwan Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwan Seo
- Division of Marine Bioscience, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, Ocean Science and Technology School, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Suk Kong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Petropoulos SA, Fernandes Â, Tzortzakis N, Sokovic M, Ciric A, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR. Bioactive compounds content and antimicrobial activities of wild edible Asteraceae species of the Mediterranean flora under commercial cultivation conditions. Food Res Int 2018; 119:859-868. [PMID: 30884726 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nine wild edible species belonging to Astreaceae family, native to the Mediterranean basin were tested for their chemical composition (phenolic compounds, tocopherols, and organic acids) and antimicrobial activities over two growing periods, apart from Scolymus hispanicus and Hedypnois cretica which were tested for only one growing period. Flavonoids were the most abundant phenolic compounds in all the species, except for the case of Taraxacum species where significant amounts of chicoric acid were detected, while phenolic compounds content increased in the 2nd growing period by 4.6-397.4% for the tested species. α- and β-tocopherols were the main tocopherols, apart from Taraxacum sp. where significant amounts of γ-and δ-tocopherols (18.32 and 16.31 μg/100 g fresh weight) were detected, while total tocopherols content either increased (Reicardia picroides, Picris echioides, Urospermum picroides, and Taraxacum officinale) or decreased (Hymenonema graecum, Sonchus oleraceus, Taraxacum sp.) in the 2nd growing period. Oxalic acid was the most abundant organic acid, with the highest content (972 mg/100 g fresh weight) being observed in H. graecum (L.) DC. in the 1st growing period. Moreover, with the exception of H. graecum and S. olearaceus, total organic acids content increased in the 2nd growing period. Significant antimicrobial activities were observed against Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhimurium and Penicillium ochrochloron for all the studied species. In conclusion, the studied species showed great potential for commercial cultivation, while plant extracts could find use in the food industry as alternative food preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A Petropoulos
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446 N Ionia, Magnissia, Greece.
| | - Ângela Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Nikolaos Tzortzakis
- Cyprus University of Technology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, 3036 Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Marina Sokovic
- University of Belgrade, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Ciric
- University of Belgrade, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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Catap ES, Kho MJL, Jimenez MRR. In vivo nonspecific immunomodulatory and antispasmodic effects of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea Linn.) leaf extracts in ICR mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 215:191-198. [PMID: 29325915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Portulaca oleracea (common purslane) is used in traditional medicine to cure various illnesses. However, its immune-protective properties and antispasmodic effects still need more pharmacological data if the plant will be utilized in herbal and drug formulations. Therefore, the present study determined the capacity of this plant species to modulate nonspecific immune responses and to confirm its antispasmodic activity in vivo in ICR mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage, splenic lymphocyte proliferation and plasma lysozyme levels were measured in mice that were immunosuppressed using cyclophosphamide and treated with the ethyl acetate extract of Portulaca oleracea. In addition, the charcoal meal transit test was used to measure intestinal motility using ethanolic (EtOH), hexane (HEX), and ethyl acetate (EA) solvent extracts. Phytochemical analysis was undertaken and DPPH scavenging properties of the three solvent extracts were also determined. RESULTS The EA extract of P. oleracea exhibited immunoactivity through significant increase in phagocytosis and higher proliferative response in splenic lymphocytes. Plasma lysozyme level was also higher in EA-treated mice at high dose but this was not statistically significant. Decreased intestinal motility was also exhibited in mice treated with the three leaf solvent extracts compared to the negative control and the acetylcholine-treated group. The antispasmodic activity of the solvent extracts was comparable to that of the atropine-treated group. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of tannins in EA extract in addition to alkaloids and steroids. The EtOH and HEX extracts contain alkaloids, steroids and terpenoids. DPPH scavenging activity was highest in the EA extract. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that the EA extract of P. oleracea leaves ameliorated the immunosuppressive action of cyclophosphamide in mice. The results also indicated that the three solvent extracts of the plant decreased smooth muscle spasms in mice ileum. However, further experiments are warranted to further isolate the plant's immunoactive component. Also, the mechanisms involved in the immunoactivity and antispasmodic properties of P. oleracea deserve full elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S Catap
- Institute of Biology, National Science Complex, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines; Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines.
| | - Markyn Jared L Kho
- Institute of Biology, National Science Complex, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Maria Rexie R Jimenez
- Institute of Biology, National Science Complex, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines; Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
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