1
|
Singh S, Koli P, Kushwaha BP, Anele UY, Bhattacharya S, Ren Y. Agroecological Zone-Specific Diet Optimization for Water Buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) through Nutritional and In Vitro Fermentation Studies. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:143. [PMID: 38200874 PMCID: PMC10778065 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The water buffalo faces challenges in optimizing nutrition due to varying local feed resources. In response to this challenge, the current study introduces originality by addressing the lack of region-specific feeding strategies for water buffaloes. This is achieved through the formulation of 30 different diets based on locally available resources, offering a tailored approach to enhance nutritional optimization in diverse agroecological contexts. These diets were segmented into three groups of ten, each catering to the maintenance (MD1 to MD10), growth (GD1 to GD10), and lactation/production (PD1 to PD10) needs of buffaloes. Utilizing local feed ingredients, each diet was assessed for its chemical composition, in vitro gas and methane emissions, and dry matter (DM) disappearance using buffalo rumen liquor. The production diets (127 and 32.2 g/kg DM) had more protein and fats than the maintenance diets (82.0 and 21.0 g/kg DM). There was less (p < 0.05) fiber in the production diets compared to the maintenance ones. Different protein components (PB1, PB2) were lower (p < 0.05) in the maintenance diets compared to the growth and production ones, but other protein fractions (PB3, Pc) were higher (p < 0.05) in the maintenance diet. Furthermore, the growth diets had the highest amount of other protein components (PA), while the maintenance diets had the highest amount of soluble carbohydrates (586 g/kg DM), whereas the carbohydrate fraction (CB1) was highest (p < 0.05) in the production diets (187 g/kg DM), followed by the growth (129 g/kg DM) and maintenance diets (96.1 g/kg DM). On the contrary, the carbohydrate CA fraction was (p < 0.05) higher in the maintenance diets (107 g/kg DM) than in the growth (70.4 g/kg DM) and production diets (44.7 g/kg DM). The in vitro gas production over time (12, 24, and 48 h) was roughly the same for all the diets. Interestingly, certain components (ether extract, lignin, NDIN, ADIN, and PB3 and CC) of the diets seemed to reduce methane production, while others (OM, NPN, SP, PA and PB1, tCHO and CB2) increased it. In simple words, this study reveals that different diets affect gas production during digestion, signifying a significant step towards a promising future for buffalo farming through tailored, region-specific formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Singh
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, India;
| | - Pushpendra Koli
- ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, India;
- College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - B. P. Kushwaha
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125 001, India;
| | - Uchenna Y. Anele
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Sumana Bhattacharya
- Natcom Management Cell, Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi 110 003, India;
| | - Yonglin Ren
- College of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou A, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Xiao L, Li T. Effect of direct-fed microbials on growth performance, blood biochemical indices, and immune status of female goats. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1673-1680. [PMID: 34904515 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.2014856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of direct-feed microbial (DFM) treatment on body weight, serum biochemical indexes, serum immunoglobulins, and serum cytokines was studied. The study was a completely randomized design with 20 growing females Beichuan white goats, weighing 25.11 ± 1.96 kg, divided into two groups of 10 goats per treatment. Goats were offered (1) 10 mL saline solution (Control group) (2) or 10 mL microbials solution (DFM group) on days 0 and 7 for two times. No effect on final body weight and body size was observed between DFM and control group (p > 0.05). DFM treatment had greater serum total protein, globulin, and albumin/globulin ratio than the control treatment (p < 0.05). The concentrations of IgA, IgG, IgM, INF-γ, and IL-2 in DFM group were significantly higher than those in the control group on days 7, 14, and 21 (p < 0.05), and the highest content was detected on day 14 of the experiment. The concentrations of IgA, IgG, IgM, IL-2, INF-γ, INF-α, IL-4, and IL-5 in DFM group on day 14 were higher than those on day 0 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, DFM enhanced serum immunoglobulins and cytokines without affecting body weight, body size, and normal serum metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Zhou
- Institute of Livestock Rearch, Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Institute of Livestock Rearch, Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang, China
| | - Yugang Zhou
- Institute of Livestock Rearch, Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang, China
| | - Long Xiao
- Institute of Livestock Rearch, Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang, China
| | - Tingjian Li
- Institute of Livestock Rearch, Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Elghandour MMMY, Maggiolino A, Alvarado-Ramírez ER, Hernández-Meléndez J, Rivas-Cacerese RR, Hernández-Ruiz PE, Khusro A, De Palo P, Salem AZM. Marine Microalgae as a Nutritive Tool to Mitigate Ruminal Greenhouse Gas Production: In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Fresh and Ensiled Maize ( Zea mays L.) Forage. Vet Sci 2023; 10:556. [PMID: 37756078 PMCID: PMC10534631 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of marine microalgae (Dunaliella salina) as a food additive on biogas (BG), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production kinetics, as well as in in vitro rumen fermentation and the CH4 conversion efficiency of different genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.) and states of forage. The treatments were characterized by the forage of five maize genotypes (Amarillo, Montesa, Olotillo, Tampiqueño, and Tuxpeño), two states of forage (fresh and ensiled), and the addition of 3% (on DM basis) of microalgae (with and without). The parameters (b = asymptotic production, c = production rate, and Lag = delay phase before gas production) of the production of BG, CH4, CO, and H2S showed an effect (p < 0.05) of the genotype, the state of the forage, the addition of the microalgae, or some of its interactions, except for the time in the CO delay phase (p > 0.05). Moreover, the addition of microalgae decreased (p < 0.05) the production of BG, CH4, and H2S in most of the genotypes and stages of the forage, but the production of CO increased (p < 0.05). In the case of fermentation characteristics, the microalgae increased (p < 0.05) the pH, DMD, SCFA, and ME in most genotypes and forage states. With the addition of the microalgae, the fresh forage from Olotillo obtained the highest pH (p < 0.05), and the ensiled from Amarillo, the highest (p < 0.05) DMD, SCFA, and ME. However, the ensiled forage produced more (p < 0.05) CH4 per unit of SFCA, ME, and OM, and the microalgae increased it (p < 0.05) even more, and the fresh forage from Amarillo presented the highest (p < 0.05) quantity of CH4 per unit of product. In conclusion, the D. salina microalga showed a potential to reduce the production of BG, CH4, and H2S in maize forage, but its effect depended on the chemical composition of the genotype and the state of the forage. Despite the above, the energy value of the forage (fresh and ensiled) improved, the DMD increased, and in some cases, SCFA and ME also increased, all without compromising CH4 conversion efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy;
| | | | - Javier Hernández-Meléndez
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria 87149, Tamaulipas, Mexico;
| | - Raymundo Rene Rivas-Cacerese
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico;
| | - Pedro Enrique Hernández-Ruiz
- Escuela Superior de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia No. 3, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Técpan de Galeana 40900, Guerrero, Mexico;
| | - Ameer Khusro
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai 600034, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy;
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sookrali AA, Hughes MP. Influence of combined yeast culture and enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast on in vitro ruminal fermentation in contrasting feed substrates. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3628-3635. [PMID: 34881435 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feed additives such as live yeast cultures have increasingly been used in ruminant feeds to improve animal performance and feeding efficiency. However, it is not clear how inactive combined yeast cultures affect ruminal gas production, fermentation kinetics and efficiency. Therefore, this study was done to determine the influence of incubating different substrates with a combined yeast culture + enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast (YC + EHY) on in vitro ruminal gas production, fermentation kinetics and metabolizable energy. Six contrasting substrates (Trichantera gigantea and Glircidia sepium leaves, Brachiaria hybrid (cv. Mulato II) leaf + stem and leaf only, Cynodon nlemfuensis and a commercial concentrate dairy feed) were incubated with and without YC + EHY in buffered rumen fluid and gas production measured at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 19, 24, 30, 36, 48 and 72 h post incubation. RESULTS In vitro fermentation parameters (a, b, a + b and c) were unaffected by YC + EHY except for the lag phase in T. gigantea, which that reduced by 31.3% when it was incubated with YC + EHY. Supplementation with YC + EHY also did not affect metabolizable energy, 72 h organic matter digestibility, 24 h gas or CH4 production within substrate. However, cumulative gas and methane production at peak fermentation in the commercial concentrate feed was reduced by 20% when incubated with YC + EHY. CONCLUSION It was concluded that YC + EHY has the potential to improve microbial colonization of T. gigantean substrates and reduce gas and methane production at peak fermentation in commercial concentrate feeds. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisha A Sookrali
- Department of Food Production, Faculty of Food and Agriculture, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Martin P Hughes
- Department of Food Production, Faculty of Food and Agriculture, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effect of Ammoniated and/or Basidiomycete White-Rot Fungi Treatment on Rice Straw Proximate Composition, Cell Wall Component, and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8050228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Various pretreatments are employed to increase the utilization of rice straw as a ruminant feed ingredient to minimize its negative environmental impact. However, an efficient alternative is still needed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of ammonia and/or white-rot fungi (Pleurotus ostreatus) to degrade lignin, increase the nutritional value, and enhance the rumen fermentability of rice straw. Rice straw was treated with ammonia and/or basidiomycete white-rot fungi (P. ostreatus) with untreated straw as control under solid-state fermentation employing a completely randomized design. The crude protein increased from 2.05% in the control to 3.47% in ammoniated rice straw, 5.24% in basidiomycete white-rot fungi (P. ostreatus), and 6.58% in ammoniated-basidiomycete white-rot fungi-treated (P. ostreatus) rice straw. The ammoniated-basidiomycete white-rot fungi-treated (P. ostreatus) rice straw had the least lignin content (3.76%). Ammoniated-basidiomycete white-rot fungi-treated (P. ostreatus) rice straw had improved in vitro dry matter digestibility (65.52%), total volatile fatty acid (76.56 mM), and total gas production (56.78 mL/g) compared to ammoniated rice straw (56.16%, 67.71 mM, 44.30 mL/g) or basidiomycete white-rot fungi-treated (P. ostreatus) rice straw (61.12%, 75.36 mM, 49.31 mL/g), respectively. The ammoniated-basidiomycete white-rot fungi (P. ostreatus) treatment improved rice straw’s nutritional value, in vitro dry matter digestibility, volatile fatty acids, and gas production.
Collapse
|
6
|
Reuben RC, Elghandour MMMY, Alqaisi O, Cone JW, Márquez O, Salem AZM. Influence of microbial probiotics on ruminant health and nutrition: sources, mode of action and implications. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1319-1340. [PMID: 34775613 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Globally, ruminant production contributes immensely to the supply of the highest quality and quantity of proteins for human consumption, sustenance of livelihoods, and attainment of food security. Nevertheless, the phasing out of antibiotics in animal production has posed a myriad of challenges, including poor growth, performance and nutrient utilization, pathogen colonization, dysbiosis, and food safety issues in ruminants. Probiotics (direct-fed microbials), comprising live microbial strains that confer health and nutritional benefits to the host when administered in appropriate quantities, are emerging as a viable, safe, natural and sustainable alternative to antibiotics. Although the mechanisms of action exerted by probiotics on ruminants are not well elucidated, dietary probiotic dosage to ruminants enhances development and maturation, growth and performance, milk production and composition, nutrient digestibility, feed efficiency, pathogen reduction, and mitigation of gastrointestinal diseases. However, the beneficial response to probiotic supplementation in ruminants is not consistent, being dependent on the microbial strain selected, combination of strains, dose, time and frequency of supplementation, diet, animal breed, physiological stage, husbandry practice, and farm management. Nonetheless, several studies have recently reported beneficial effects of probiotics on ruminant performance, health and production. This review conclusively re-iterates the need for probiotics inclusion for the sustainability of ruminant production. Considering the role that ruminants play in food production and employment, global acceptance of sustainable ruminant production through supplementation with probiotics will undoubtedly ensure food security and food safety for the world. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rine C Reuben
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mona M M Y Elghandour
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Othman Alqaisi
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - John W Cone
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ofelia Márquez
- Centro Universitario UAEM Amecameca, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Amecameca, Mexico
| | - Abdelfattah Z M Salem
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
This study aimed at examining the effects of rumen inoculum of steers receiving different combinations of ionophore and probiotics in their diets on in vitro gas production of corn silage. The fitting of gas production was performed with five mathematical models and its kinetics was evaluated. Four crossbred steers (403.0 ± 75.5 kg body weight) with ruminal cannula were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The additives used were Monensin sodium (Rumensin® 100, 3 g/day), Bacillus toyonensis (Micro-Cell Platinum® 109, 1 g/day) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii (ProTernative®20, 0.5 g/day). Additives were arranged into the following treatments, supplied daily into total mixed diet: (1) Monensin; (2) Monensin + B. toyonensis; (3) Monensin + S. boulardii; and (4) B. toyonensis + S. boulardii. The gas production data were fitted into the models of Gompertz, Groot, Ørskov, Brody, Richards, and Dual-pool Logistic. A perfect agreement between observed and predicted values in curves of accumulated in vitro gas production was observed in the Groot and Richards models, with higher coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.770 and 0.771, respectively), concordance correlation coefficient (CCC = 0.871 and 0.870, respectively), and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP = 1.14 and 1.15, respectively). Evaluating the feed additives throughout the Groot model, the B. toyonensis + S. boulardii treatment presented higher VF (12.08 mL/100 mg of DM; p = 0.0022) than Monensin and Monensin + S. boulardii (9.16 and 9.22 mL/100 mg of DM, respectively). In addition, the fractional rate of gas production (k) was higher (p = 0.0193) in B. toyonensis + S. boulardii than in Monensin, not presenting a statistical difference (p > 0.05) from the other two treatments. Additionally, with the time of beginning to gas production, the lag time (λ), was greater (p < 0.001) with Monensin and Monensin + B. toyonensis than with Monensin + S. boulardii and B. toyonensis + S. boulardii. The combination of Monensin and probiotics (B. toyonensis + S. boulardii) resulted in better kinetics of degradation of corn silage, being that the Groot and Richards models had the best fit for estimates of the in vitro gas production data of corn silage tested with different feed additive combinations.
Collapse
|
8
|
Reuben RC, Sarkar SL, Roy PC, Anwar A, Hossain MA, Jahid IK. Prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics for sustainable poultry production. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1960234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rine Christopher Reuben
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (Idiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shovon Lal Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Pravas Chandra Roy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | | | - M. Anwar Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka and Vice Chancellor, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Iqbal Kabir Jahid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, medium and forage type and their interactions on in vitro ruminal fermentation. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05028. [PMID: 33024859 PMCID: PMC7527637 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a live yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077, at four doses (0, 1×105, 1×106 and 1 × 107 cfu/mL) according to the reducing medium used [Goering-Van Soest (GV), McDougall (MD) or Kansas State (KS)] on in vitro ruminal neutral detergent fibre digestibility (NDFd), rate of digestion of NDF (kd), organic matter digestibility (OMd), dry matter digestibility (DMd), pH as well as volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, using two forages (oat hay and wheat straw) with differing chemical composition. The maximum in vitro NDFd, DMd, OMd as well as kd were obtained with dose 1 × 106 cfu/mL, although differences between doses were not always significant. The pH estimates were the lowest with the 1 × 107 cfu/mL dose, but the differences were not all significant; however, 1 × 107 cfu/mL corresponded to significantly lower pH estimates compared to the control and 1×105 (6.51 vs. 6.60 and 6.59, respectively). The decrease in pH was accompanied by an increase in VFA concentrations as the yeast dose increased. The KS medium resulted in the lowest digestibility estimates, pH estimates as well as kd, regardless of yeast dose. The 1 × 106 cfu/mL was the better performing yeast dose in vitro resulting in higher digestibility estimates which indicates the yeasts ability to stimulate the microorganisms within the rumen by beneficially modifying rumen environment, thus promoting microbiota activity. The MD and GV media provide better environments for fermentation than the KS medium, resulting in higher in vitro NDFd, DMd, OMd, pH estimates as well as rate of NDF digestion. The MD and GV are also the media that resulted in more consistent results when analysing the effects of the live yeast. Our data suggest that the in vitro conditions have to be carefully chosen to be able to demonstrate rumen fermentation shifts with the use of live microbial additives.
Collapse
|
10
|
Azzaz HH, Aboamer AA, Alzahar H, Abdo MM, Murad HA. Effect of Xylanase and Phytase Supplementation on Goat's Performance in Early Lactation. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 22:265-272. [PMID: 31930849 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2019.265.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Supplementing diets of dairy animals with phytase and xylanase can enhance phosphorus availability and fiber degradation in the rumen and positively affect animal's health and productivity. In vitro and in vivo trials have been conducted to define the optimal addition level of xylanase and phytase to lactating Baldi goat's rations and investigate effects of these enzymes on animal's nutrients digestibility, blood chemistry, milk production and milk composition. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro batch culture technique was used to evaluate the effect of phytase and xylanase supplementation at different levels (0, 1, 2 and 3 g kg-1 DM) on rumen fermentation characteristics. Eighteen early lactating Baldi goats were randomly assigned into three groups and fed 4% dry matter according to their body weight. The first group was fed control ration (35% yellow corn, 20% corn stalks, 20% berseem hay, 12.5% soybean meal and 12.5% wheat bran), the second group fed control ration+Penizyme at 2 g kg-1 DM (R1), while the third group fed control ration+Phtase-Plus® at 1 g kg-1 DM (R2). RESULTS Xylanase and phytase supplementation increased the in vitro DM and OM degradability and ruminal NH3-N and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) concentrations, with no effect on total gas production (TGP) volume. All nutrients digestibility (except CP), blood serum glucose concentration, milk production and milk components yields were increased for enzymes supplemented goats than control. CONCLUSION Inclusion of xylanase and phytase in lactating goat's rations improved their productive performance with no deleterious effects on their health.
Collapse
|
11
|
Cagle CM, Batista LFD, Anderson RC, Fonseca MA, Cravey MD, Julien C, Tedeschi LO. Evaluation of different inclusion levels of dry live yeast impacts on various rumen parameters and in situ digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber in growing and finishing beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2020; 97:4987-4998. [PMID: 31679025 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of supplementing dry live yeast (LY; Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on in vitro gas production (IVGP) fermentation dynamics, pH, and CH4 concentration at 48 h, and in situ rumen parameters and digestibility of DM (DMD) and NDF (NDFD) of growing cattle during 3 feeding phases: grower (GRW) for 17 d (38% steamed-flaked corn; SFC), transition (TRANS) for 15 d (55.5% SFC: 1.2 Mcal/kg NEg), and finisher (FIN) for 13 d (73% SFC: 1.23 Mcal/kg NEg). Twenty British-crossbred, ruminally cannulated steers (183 kg ± 44 kg) 6 mo of age were blocked by weight into 5 pens containing Calan gate feeders and received a control (CON) diet (17.2% CP, 35.8% NDF, 86.7% DM) without LY on days -12 to 0. After that, animals were randomly assigned to treatments (TRT), 5 animals per TRT: CON or LY at inclusion rates of 5 g/d (LY1), 10 g/d (LY2), or 15 g/d (LY3) top dressed every morning at 0800 for 45 d. The DMD and NDFD were assessed during 7 separate collection days using in situ nylon bags containing 5 g of GRW, TRANS, or FIN diets, incubated at 1200 for 48 h. Protozoa counts (PC) were determined during 5 collection periods. Data were analyzed as a repeated measure within a randomized complete block design, assuming a random effect of the pen. For GRW, TRT altered the total gas production of the nonfiber carbohydrate (NFC; P = 0.045) and the fractional rate of degradation (kd) of the fiber carbohydrate (FC) pool (P = 0.001) in a cubic pattern (P ≤ 0.05): LY2 had the most gas production and fastest kd. TRT also influenced DMD (P = 0.035) and NDFD (P = 0.012) with LY2 providing the greatest digestibility. For TRANS, TRT tended to affect the NFC kd (P = 0.078) and influenced pH (P = 0.04) and DMD (P < 0.001) in which LY2 yielded the fastest kd, highest pH, and greatest DMD. For FIN, there was an effect of TRT on total gas production (P < 0.001) and kd (P = 0.004) of the NFC pool, FC kd (P = 0.012), in vitro CH4 concentration (P < 0.001), PC (P < 0.001), DMD (P = 0.039), and NDFD (P = 0.008). LY1 had the highest PC and provided the greatest DMD and NDFD. LY2 had the fastest kd of both the NFC and FC pools and had the least CH4 concentration. LY3 had the greatest NFC gas production. No specific dose-response pattern was observed, but 10 g/d provided the most beneficial result for all diets. We concluded that supplementation with LY affected IVGP as well as ruminal parameters and digestibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn M Cagle
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | | | - Robin C Anderson
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA-ARS, College Station, TX
| | - Mozart A Fonseca
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary, and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV
| | | | | | - Luis O Tedeschi
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yao KY, Gu FF, Liu JX. In vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of substrate mixtures with soybean meal partially replaced by microbially fermented yellow wine lees. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1686433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Y. Yao
- College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - F. F. Gu
- College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - J. X. Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Dairy Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Elghandour M, Adegbeye M, Vallejo L, Elahi M, Barbabosa‐Pliego A, Recillas Morales S, Salem A. Role of dose‐dependent
Lactobacillus farciminis
on ruminal microflora biogases and fermentation activities of three silage‐based rations. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1627-1634. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M.M.M.Y. Elghandour
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Estado de México Mexico
| | - M.J. Adegbeye
- Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture Joseph Ayo Babalola University Ilesa Osun State Nigeria
| | - L.H. Vallejo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Estado de México Mexico
| | - M.Y. Elahi
- Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture University of Zabol Zabol Iran
| | - A. Barbabosa‐Pliego
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Estado de México Mexico
| | - S. Recillas Morales
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Estado de México Mexico
| | - A.Z.M. Salem
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Estado de México Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Influence of Dietary Supplementation of Ensiled Devil Fish and Staphylococcus saprophyticus on Equine Fecal Greenhouse Gases Production. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 79:105-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
15
|
Giridhar KS, Prabhu TM, Singh KC, Nagabhushan V, Thirumalesh T, Rajeshwari YB, Umashankar BC. Nutritional potentialities of some tree leaves based on polyphenols and rumen in vitro gas production. Vet World 2018; 11:1479-1485. [PMID: 30532505 PMCID: PMC6247891 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1479-1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The study was conducted to evaluate eight tree leaves based on polyphenolic content and rumen in vitro incubation and gas production technique (RIVIGPT) for their nutritive potentiality. Materials and Methods: Eight selected tree leaves, namely Sesbania grandiflora, Melia dubia, Dillenia spp., Artocarpus heterophyllus, Commiphora caudata, Moringa oleifera, Leucaena leucocephala, and Acacia auriculiformis, were selected for proximate composition, forage fiber fractions, total phenolics (TPs), non-tannin phenols (NTPs), total tannins (TTs), condensed tannins (CTs), and hydrolysable tannins (HTs); RIVIGP with and without polyethylene glycol (PEG); and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) (modified in vitro two stage) analysis was conducted. On the basis of RIVIGPT, the in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) and dry matter intake (DMI) was calculated. Results: Crude protein (CP) content of tree leaves ranged from 9.59 to 25.81%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) 28.16 to 53.33%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) 21.26 to 41.7%, acid detergent lignin (ADL) 3.62 to 21.98%, TP 1.83 to 17.35%, TT 0.40 to 15.47%, and CTs 0.02 to 15.26%. IVDMD (%) was ranged from 64.95 to 88.12. The mean metabolizable energy (ME) (MJ/Kg) of tree leaves estimated with and without PEG was 7.75±0.56 and 8.75±0.39, in vitro gas production at 24 h (IVGP24) (ml) 31.06±4.14 and 37.09±2.64, initial gas production (a) (ml) 0.49±0.63 and 1.33±0.72, potential gas production (D) (ml) 38.74±4.27 and 43.79±2.44, rate of gas production (k) (h−1) 0.11±0.02 and 0.11±0.013, t1/2(ml) 9.81±2.41 and 7.42±0.80, in vitro gas production at 96 h IVGP96 (ml) 39.50±4.430 and 45.14±2.65, the predicted IVDOM (%) 55.44±4.15 and 61.98±3.03, and DMI (g/Kg W0.75) 103.1±14.76 and 104.3±10.16, respectively. The addition of PEG showed an improvement in IVGP24, IVGP96, ME, predicted IVDOM, and predicted DMI. CP was positively correlated with ME, IVGP24, IVGP96, a+b, k (r=0.749, p<0.05), IVDMD, IVDOM, and DMI (r=0.838, p<0.05) and negatively correlated with a and t1/2. NDF, ADF, and ADL contents were negatively correlated with ME (r=0.899, p<0.05), IVGP24 (r=−0.867, p<0.05), IVGP96 (r=−0.858, p<0.05), a+b (p<0.05), k (r=−0.828, p<0.05), IVDMD, IVDOM (r=−0.853, p<0.05), and DMI and positively correlated with a and t1/2. TP, TT, and CT were negatively correlated with ME, IVGP, IVGP96, a+b, k, IVDMD, IVDOM, and DMI and positively correlated with a (r=0.808, p<0.05) and t1/2. ME (MJ/Kg) was positively correlated with IVGP24 (r=0.938, p<0.05), IVGP96 (r=0.875, p<0.05), a+b (r=0.813, p<0.05), k (r=0.731, p<0.05), IVDMD, IVDOM (r=0.985, p<0.05), and DMI (r=0.727, p<0.05) and negatively correlated with a and t1/2. Conclusion: In the present study, the potentiality of tree leaves was assessed based on CP, ADF, ADL, TP, CT, IVGP, ME, IVDMD, predicted IVDOM, and predicted DMI. Based on this, it can be concluded that S. grandiflora, M. dubia, M. Oleifera, and L. leucocephala were graded as best; A. heterophyllus and C. caudata as moderate; and Dillenia spp. and A. auriculiformis as lowest potential ruminant feed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Giridhar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College, Gadag, Karnataka, India
| | - T M Prabhu
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K Chandrapal Singh
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - V Nagabhushan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
| | - T Thirumalesh
- Department of LFC, Veterinary College, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
| | - Y B Rajeshwari
- Department of LPM, Veterinary College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - B C Umashankar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Arowolo MA, He J. Use of probiotics and botanical extracts to improve ruminant production in the tropics: A review. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2018; 4:241-249. [PMID: 30175251 PMCID: PMC6116326 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ruminant production, especially in the tropics and developing countries suffers a setback when compared with the temperate and developed countries, which is attributable to the kinds of available feed resources in the region of production. In the tropics, ruminants are restricted to grazing on low-quality forages, crop residues and agro-industrial by-products with very little or no concentrate diets, which adversely affect the animals in exhibiting their full production potential. Considering this fact, there is an increasing interest in improving the digestibility of these feed resources. In recent years, researchers have explored several methods to enhance the functions of rumen microflora, improve digestion and fermentation processes, as well as increase bioavailability and utilization of nutrients through feed supplementation. This review aims to explore the positive effects of supplementation of ruminant diets with probiotics or botanical extracts and their metabolites on the productivity of the animals. Moreover, the functions of these non-pathogenic and non-toxic live microorganisms (probiotics) and plant biologically active compounds (botanical extract) are explored because of the ban on non-therapeutic use of antibiotics as growth promoters coupled with the critical preference of consumers to high quality and safe animal products. It has been reported that these alternative supplemental products have a beneficial impact on both animal health and productivity, which is affecting stabilization of rumen environment, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria proliferation in gastro-intestinal tract, modulation of immune response, increase in fibre degradation and fermentation, nutrients availability and utilization, animal growth performance and milk production, among others. However, long-term in vivo studies are still required to determine the synergetic effects of these 2 safe supplemental products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Musco N, Calabrò S, Roberti F, Grazioli R, Tudisco R, Lombardi P, Cutrignelli MI. In vitro evaluation ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaecell wall fermentability using a dog model. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102 Suppl 1:24-30. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production; University of Napoli Federico II; Napoli Italy
| | - S. Calabrò
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production; University of Napoli Federico II; Napoli Italy
| | | | - R. Grazioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production; University of Napoli Federico II; Napoli Italy
| | - R. Tudisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production; University of Napoli Federico II; Napoli Italy
| | - P. Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production; University of Napoli Federico II; Napoli Italy
| | - M. I. Cutrignelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production; University of Napoli Federico II; Napoli Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Horse Fecal Methane and Carbon Dioxide Production and Fermentation Kinetics Influenced by Lactobacillus farciminis –Supplemented Diet. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
19
|
Mohamed MAE, Yangchun C, Bodinga BM, Lixin Z, Zekun Y, Lihui L, Yao J, Soomro RN, Abbasi IHR, Wen L. Effect of Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes on Ruminal Fermentation
and Gas Production by RUSITEC, in vitro Abomasum and Ileum
Digestibility. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.1020.1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
20
|
Jiang Y, Ogunade I, Arriola K, Qi M, Vyas D, Staples C, Adesogan A. Effects of the dose and viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 2. Ruminal fermentation, performance of lactating dairy cows, and correlations between ruminal bacteria abundance and performance measures. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:8102-8118. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
21
|
Elghandour MM, Mellado M, Kholif AE, Salem AZ, Barbabosa A, Ballinas S, Esquivel A, Odongo NE. Fecal Gas Production of Ten Common Horse Feeds Supplemented With Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
22
|
Elghandour MMY, Vázquez JC, Salem AZM, Kholif AE, Cipriano MM, Camacho LM, Márquez O. In vitro gas and methane production of two mixed rations influenced by three different cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2016.1204304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Y. Elghandour
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - J. C. Vázquez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - A. Z. M. Salem
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - A. E. Kholif
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - M. M. Cipriano
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Altamirano, Guerrero, México
| | - L. M. Camacho
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Altamirano, Guerrero, México
| | - O. Márquez
- Centro Universitario Amecameca, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Amecameca, México
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Salem AZ, Elghandour MM, Kholif AE, Barbabosa A, Camacho LM, Odongo NE. Influence of Feeding Horses a High Fiber Diet With or Without Live Yeast Cultures Supplementation on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestion, Blood Chemistry, Fecal Coliform Count, and In Vitro Fecal Fermentation. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
24
|
Khan RU, Naz S, Dhama K, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Abdelrahma MM, Alhidary IA, Zahoor A. Direct-Fed Microbial: Beneficial Applications, Modes of Action and
Prospects as a Safe Tool for Enhancing Ruminant Production and
Safeguarding Health. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.220.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
25
|
Rodriguez MP, Mariezcurrena MD, Mariezcurrena MA, Lagunas BC, Elghandour MM, Kholif AM, Kholif AE, Almaráz EM, Salem AZ. Influence of Live Cells or Cells Extract ofSaccharomyces Cerevisiaeonin VitroGas Production of a Total Mixed Ration. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
26
|
In Vitro Gas, Methane, and Carbon Dioxide Productions of High Fibrous Diet Incubated With Fecal Inocula From Horses in Response to the Supplementation With Different Live Yeast Additives. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
27
|
Cedillo J, Vázquez-Armijo JF, González-Reyna A, Salem AZ, Kholif AE, Hernández-Meléndez J, Martínez-González JC, Jiménez RMDO, Rivero N, López D. Effects of Different Doses of Salix Babylonica Extract on Growth Performance and Diet in Vitro Gas Production in Pelibuey Growing Lambs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2014.3165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
28
|
He X, Wu Y, Cai M, Mu C, Luo W, Cheng Y, Zhu W. The effect of increased atmospheric temperature and CO2 concentration during crop growth on the chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of wheat straw. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2015; 6:46. [PMID: 26543557 PMCID: PMC4634575 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-015-0045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of increased atmospheric temperature and CO2 concentration during crop growth on the chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of wheat straw. The field experiment was carried out from November 2012 to June 2013 at Changshu (31°32'93″N, 120°41'88″E) agro-ecological experimental station. A total of three treatments were set. The concentration of CO2 was increased to 500 μmol/mol in the first treatment (CO2 group). The temperature was increased by 2 °C in the second treatment (TEM group) and the concentration of CO2 and temperature were both increased in the third treatment (CO2 + TEM group). The mean temperature and concentration of CO2 in control group were 10.5 °C and 413 μmol/mol. At harvesting, the wheat straws were collected and analyzed for chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. Results showed that dry matter was significantly increased in all three treatments. Ether extracts and neutral detergent fiber were significantly increased in TEM and CO2 + TEM groups. Crude protein was significantly decreased in CO2 + TEM group. In vitro digestibility analysis of wheat straw revealed that gas production was significantly decreased in CO2 and CO2 + TEM groups. Methane production was significantly decreased in TEM and CO2 + TEM groups. Ammonia nitrogen and microbial crude protein were significantly decreased in all three treatments. Total volatile fatty acids were significantly decreased in CO2 and CO2 + TEM groups. In conclusion, the chemical composition of the wheat straw was affected by temperature and CO2 and the in vitro digestibility of wheat straw was reduced, especially in the combined treatment of temperature and CO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Min Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Chunlong Mu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Weihong Luo
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ahmed M, Elghandour M, Salem A, Zeweil H, Kholif A, Klieve A, Abdelrassol A. Influence of Trichoderma reesei or Saccharomyces cerevisiae on performance, ruminal fermentation, carcass characteristics and blood biochemistry of lambs fed Atriplex nummularia and Acacia saligna mixture. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
30
|
Salem AZ, Elghandour MM, Kholif AE, Odongo NE, Jiménez FJ, Montes-de-Oca R, Domínguez IA, Dibarrat JA. The Effect of Feeding Horses a High Fiber Diet With or Without Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes Supplementation on Nutrient Digestion, Blood Chemistry, Fecal Coliform Count, and In Vitro Fecal Fermentation. J Equine Vet Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|