1
|
Kim SJ, Kim HD. Relationship between falls, cognitive decline, and dementia in older adults: Insights from the Korean longitudinal study of aging, 2006-2020. Exp Gerontol 2024; 194:112481. [PMID: 38871235 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Limited research has explored the relationship between falls, cognitive decline, and dementia onset in older adults with aging. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of cognitive function on the development of dementia and explore the association between falls and dementia among older adults. This study utilized data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, which tracked a sample group at 2-year intervals from the initial wave in 2006 to the eighth wave in 2020. Among the older adults (≥60 years) surveyed, 2829 were included in the analysis, and cognitive function and number of falls per year were recorded. We hypothesized that these variables were associated with dementia and tested the variables using dementia diagnosis data. The participants were assigned to either a dementia group (dementia diagnosis) or a control group (no dementia diagnosis). Analyses were performed to enhance generalizability of the hypothesis to all participants (≥45 years, n = 7130). Cognitive decline and dementia incidence increased with aging among older adults. The dementia group had a significantly higher rate of cognitive decline than the control group, as well as a higher number of falls and magnitude of annual changes in falls. The changes in falls were irregular regardless of cognitive function. Furthermore, falls were associated only with the development of dementia, not cognitive function. Similar trends were observed across the total participant group. Our findings highlight the importance of monitoring cognitive function and falls as potential markers for predicting dementia onset in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Kim
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeong-Dong Kim
- Department of Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; School of Health and Environmental Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jayawardena R, Weerasinghe K, Gamage M, Hills AP. Enhancing physical function and activity level in malnourished older adults through oral nutrition supplements: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:566. [PMID: 38943086 PMCID: PMC11214258 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition of older individuals, leads to significant functional decline, reducing their quality of life. Lifestyle interventions; dietary improvements and supplementation are explored to enhance the physical function of older adults. The current study aimed to assess the impact of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) on the functional and activity levels of Sri Lankan older adults. METHODS This randomized controlled trial included; an intervention group (IG) receiving 200 mL of ONS providing 247 kcal per serving, for 12 weeks and a control group (CG) receiving an equivalent volume of water. Changes in handgrip strength, knee extension strength, gait speed, functional and activity levels were assessed. RESULTS The IG showed significant improvements in handgrip strength (43.96 ± 18.61 kg vs. 32.81 ± 17.92 kg; p < 0.001) and knee extension strength (23.45 ± 2.29 kg vs. 16.41 ± 2.09 kg; p < 0.001) following 12 weeks compared to the CG. The IG also exhibited significant improvements in gait speed (1.31 ± 0.52 m/s vs. 0.87 ± 0.26 m/s), Barthel index score, (0.30 ± 0.47 vs. -0.18 ± 0.66), PASE score (0.52 ± 17.79 vs. -1.60 ± 21.77) and IPAQ categories. CONCLUSIONS ONS was found to be effective in improving the functional and physical activity levels of malnourished older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION Sri Lanka Clinical Trial Registry SLCTR/2022/021. Registered on 06/10/2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranil Jayawardena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
- School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Kalani Weerasinghe
- Health and Wellness Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Manoja Gamage
- School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew P Hills
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, Wang P, Pang Q, Wang S, Zhang A. Handgrip strength is associated with cognitive function in older patients with stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease: results from the NHANES. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10329. [PMID: 38710751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and cognitive performance in stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients aged ≥ 60 years. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database 2011-2014. Three tests were used to assess the cognitive performance, including consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD), animal fluency test (AFT), and digit symbol substitution test (DSST). The multivariate linear regression analyses adjusting for confounding factors were utilized to evaluate the association of HGS with cognitive performance. A total of 678 older stage 3-5 CKD patients were included in this study. After adjusting for multiple factors, a higher HGS was positively associated with a higher CERAD-delayed recall and DSST score. In addition, our analysis indicated that HGS probably correlated with better performance of immediate learning ability in male, while working memory, sustained attention, and processing speed in female. HGS may be an important indicator for cognitive deficits in stage 3-5 CKD patients, especially for learning ability and executive function. Further research to explore the sex-specific and domain-specific and possible mechanisms are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Peixin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qi Pang
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Shiyuan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim E, Jung S, Lee MY, Park CH, Cho SJ. Exploring the Association between Elevated Anxiety Symptoms and Low Skeletal Muscle Mass among Asymptomatic Adults: A Population-Based Study in Republic of Korea. Brain Sci 2024; 14:438. [PMID: 38790417 PMCID: PMC11119912 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with mental health problems are at higher risk of musculoskeletal diseases. However, the association between low muscle mass (LMM) and anxiety symptoms remains uninvestigated. This cross-sectional study enrolled 174,262 adults (73,833 women, 100,429 men), aged 18 to 89, who completed the anxiety scale and body composition analyses. Using bio-electrical impedance analysis, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was calculated based on appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) (kg)/height (m2). LMM was defined as SMI < 7.0 kg/m2 in men and <5.4 kg/m2 in women. Anxiety symptoms were screened using the Clinical Useful Anxiety Outcome Scale (CUXOS) with cut-off scores of 20, 30, and 40. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. LMM prevalence was 20.17% in women, 3.86% in men (p < 0.001). The prevalence of anxiety symptoms in LMM group decreased from mild (CUXOS > 20: women, 32.74%, men, 21.17%) to moderate (CUXOS > 30: 13.34%, 7.32%), to severe anxiety symptoms (CUXOS > 40: 4.00%, 1.73%). In multivariable-adjusted models, LMM was associated with mild (aOR (95% confidence interval)), women, 1.13 (1.08-1.17); men, 1.17 (1.08-1.27)), moderate (1.17 (1.11-1.24); 1.35 (1.19-1.53) and severe anxiety symptoms (1.18 (1.07-1.3), 1.36 (1.06-1.74)), demonstrating an increased risk of ORs with escalating anxiety severity. LMM was independently associated with a higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunsoo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sra Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Cha University Ilsan Medical Center, Goyang 10223, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mi Yeon Lee
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Academic Research, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chul-Hyun Park
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joon Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea;
- Workplace Mental Health Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gao R, Zhan M, Ke S, Wu K, He G, Qi L, Liu X, Liu X, Wang L, Liu L. Potential risk factors for mild cognitive impairment among patients with type 2 diabetes experiencing hypoglycemia. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 207:111036. [PMID: 38049036 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.111036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study examined the association between hypoglycemia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and identified risk factors for MCI in patients with hypoglycemia. METHODS In this retrospective study, 328 patients with T2DM were screened in 2019 and followed up in 2022. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The diagnosis of MCI was based on established criteria. Risk ratio (RR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) was calculated to estimate the risk of MCI. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for MCI in those with hypoglycemia. RESULTS Patients with hypoglycemia had lower cognitive performance 3 years later. The RR of MCI was 2.221 (95 % CI 1.269-3.885). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that low grip strength, existing diabetic retinopathy (DR), and multiple hypoglycemia episodes were associated with higher odds of MCI in patients with hypoglycemia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.909 [95 % CI 0.859-0.963]), 3.078 [95 % CI 1.158-12.358], and 4.642 [95 % CI 1.284-16.776], respectively, all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Hypoglycemia increased MCI risk among patients with T2DM. Low grip strength, DR, and multiple hypoglycemia episodes may be potential risk factors for hypoglycemia-associated MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Menglan Zhan
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sujie Ke
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kejun Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guanlian He
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liqin Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Libin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Griffiths J, Seesen M, Sirikul W, Siviroj P. The Relationship between Handgrip Strength, Timed Up-and-Go, and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older People during COVID-19 Pandemic Restrictions. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13050410. [PMID: 37232647 DOI: 10.3390/bs13050410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 lockdown restrictions affected physical performance and cognitive function in older people as they were confined to their homes. There is an association between physical and cognitive functions. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a condition that risks progressing to dementia. This study aimed to identify the relationship between handgrip strength (HGS), Timed Up-and-Go (TUG), and MCI in older people during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. The cross-sectional study recruited 464 eligible participants for an interview and anthropometric measurement. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B), HGS, and TUG were measured in addition to demographic and health characteristics. A total of 398 participants (85.8%) were found to have MCI when screened with the MoCA-B. Their mean age was 71.09 ± 5.81 years. Forward multiple regression analysis demonstrated that HGS (β = 0.032, p < 0.001), education level (β = 2.801, p < 0.001), TUG (β = -0.022, p = 0.013), Thai Geriatric Depression Score, TGDS (β = -0.248, p = 0.011), and age (β = -1.677, p = 0.019) were associated with MCI. A decrease in HGS and an increased TUG might allow for the early detection of MCI and promote physical training in order to reduce the risk of MCI. Further studies can investigate multidomain indicators for MCI, for example, fine motor skills and pinch strength as components of the motor abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiranan Griffiths
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Mathuramat Seesen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wachiranun Sirikul
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Data Analytics and Knowledge Synthesis for Health Care, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Penprapa Siviroj
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Prokopidis K, Giannos P, Ispoglou T, Kirk B, Witard OC, Dionyssiotis Y, Scott D, Macpherson H, Duque G, Isanejad M. Handgrip strength is associated with learning and verbal fluency in older men without dementia: insights from the NHANES. GeroScience 2023; 45:1049-1058. [PMID: 36449219 PMCID: PMC9886698 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00703-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Low handgrip strength, a hallmark measure of whole-body strength, has been linked with greater odds of cognitive decline and dementia; however, conflicting findings, which could be due to population characteristics and choice of tools, such for the assessment of handgrip strength and cognitive function domains, also exist. Therefore, we examined the relationship of handgrip strength with a comprehensive list of tests to assess domains of cognitive function using a representative sample of US older men and women without neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia. We analyzed cross-sectional data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2014, with a study cohort of 777 older adults (380 men and 397 women) above 60 years of age. Handgrip strength was assessed using a handgrip dynamometer, while cognitive function was assessed through the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) Word List Learning Test (WLLT), Word List Recall Test (WLRT), Intrusion Word Count Test (WLLT-IC and WLRT-IC), the Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Sex-stratified multiple linear regression analyses were performed upon covariate adjustment for age, ethnicity, socio-economic status, education, medical history, body mass index, physical activity, energy, protein, and alcohol intake. Maximal handgrip strength was positively associated with cognitive function scores, including CERAD WLLT (P = 0.009, R2 = 0.146) and AFT (P = 0.022, R2 = 0.024) in older men, but not in women (CERAD WLLT: P = 0.253, AFT: P = 0.370). No significant associations with CERAD WLLRT (men: P = 0.057, women: P = 0.976), WLLT-IC (men: P = 0.671, women: P = 0.869), WLLRT-IC (men: P = 0.111, women: P = 0.861), and DSST (men: P = 0.108, women: P = 0.091) were observed. Dose-response curves exhibited a prominent linear relationship between all significant associations after covariate adjustment, with no indication of a plateau in these relationships. In conclusion, higher handgrip strength was independently associated with better learning ability for novel verbal information and verbal fluency in US men over the age of 60 and without dementia. Longitudinal studies are required to confirm whether muscle strength independently predicts cognitive function changes in older adults in a sex-specific manner, and whether this connection is affirmed to the possibility of reverse causation due to declines in physical activity levels in the preclinical phase of dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Society of Meta-Research and Biomedical Innovation, London, UK.
| | - Panagiotis Giannos
- Society of Meta-Research and Biomedical Innovation, London, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ben Kirk
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia
| | - Oliver C Witard
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yannis Dionyssiotis
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Kifissia, Greece
- 1st Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, National Rehabilitation Center EKA, Athens, Greece
| | - David Scott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Macpherson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Masoud Isanejad
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shin J, Cho E. Patterns and risk factors of cognitive decline among community-dwelling older adults in South Korea. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 104:104809. [PMID: 36152626 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dementia prevalence is increasing worldwide. Thus, the global impact of cognitive impairment and dementia have become significant public health issues. This study assessed the patterns of and investigated risk factors associated with cognitive decline over time in community-dwelling Korean adults (age ≥65 years). We enrolled 1,369 older adult respondents without cognitive decline in the baseline survey of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006-2016) in South Korea. The risk of first-ever mild-to-moderate or severe cognitive decline during the 10-year follow-up (2006-2016) was comparatively evaluated between the cognitive decline group (comprising participants with mild-to-moderate or severe cognitive decline; n = 728) and the normal cognition group (participants without a cognitive decline event; n = 641). The cognitive decline-free survival rates for up to ten years were measured using Kaplan-Meier analysis. The generalized estimation equations model was used to analyze changes in K-MMSE over time from 2006 to 2016. The adjusted Cox proportional hazards model revealed that increased age, female, lower education level, no religious status, and living in a small city were factors that were associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline, as were health-related factors, including lower handgrip strength, a higher number of chronic diseases, and depressive symptoms. Regular exercise, non-drinking status, and active social engagements reduced the risk of cognitive decline. The identified risk factors could facilitate the development of cognitive decline-prevention programs incorporating individualized risk-modification interventions to prevent cognitive decline in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Shin
- College of Nursing, Woosuk University, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Cho
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Nursing, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang L, Liu Q, Fu J, Zhou D, Sun Y, Duan H, Yang T, Zhao J, Wang Z, Li Z, Dong C, Xu N, Ren Q, Zhang G, Li W, Ma F, Yan J, Du Y, Liu H, Sun C, Wang G, Huang G, Chen Y. Triglyceride Level- and MTHFR- Specific Mediation Effect of Handgrip Strength on the Association of Dietary Protein Intake and Cognitive Function in the Chinese Elderly. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:CAR-EPUB-126830. [PMID: 36214304 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666221007093500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent findings suggest that both dietary protein intake and hand grip strength (HGS) were associated with cognitive function, however, few studies have been devoted specifically to the mediation effect of HGS on the association of dietary protein with cognitive function. OBJECTIVES To confirm the hypothesis that HGS mediated the association of dietary protein intake with cognitive function in the elderly, which was modified by triglyceride level and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene status. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 3,268 participants. Dietary protein intake, HGS, and cognitive function were collected by food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), grip measurements and mini mental state examination (MMSE), respectively. In this mediation analysis, dietary protein intake was entered as independent variable, HGS was entered as mediator, and cognitive function was entered as dependent variable. RESULTS HGS significantly mediated the associations of dietary protein (β = 0.0013, 95% CI: 0.0007, 0.0022), animal protein (β = 0.0024, 95% CI: 0.0012, 0.0037), and plant protein intake (β = 0.0011, 95% CI: 0.0001, 0.0023) with cognitive function in total participants, with the mediated proportion of 16.19%, 12.45% and 20.57%, respectively. Furthermore, significant mediation effects of HGS on the associations of dietary protein, animal protein, and plant protein intake with MMSE score were found in the elderly without hypertriglyceridemia or in MTHFR C677T CC/CT carriers. CONCLUSION This study suggested that HGS mediated the association of dietary protein intake with cognitive function, and this mediation effect was modified by triglyceride level and MTHFR C677T gene status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingzhu Fu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Dezheng Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Huilian Duan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Zehao Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenshu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Cuixia Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinghan Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoquan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Changqing Sun
- Neurosurgical Department of Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Department of Tumor, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Orchard SG, Polekhina G, Ryan J, Shah RC, Storey E, Chong TT, Lockery JE, Ward SA, Wolfe R, Nelson MR, Reid CM, Murray AM, Espinoza SE, Newman AB, McNeil JJ, Collyer TA, Callisaya ML, Woods RL. Combination of gait speed and grip strength to predict cognitive decline and dementia. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 14:e12353. [PMID: 36187193 PMCID: PMC9494608 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction To determine whether slowed gait and weakened grip strength independently, or together, better identify risk of cognitive decline or dementia. Methods Time to walk 3 meters and grip strength were measured in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial involving community-dwelling, initially cognitively healthy older adults (N = 19,114). Results Over a median 4.7 years follow-up, slow gait and weak grip strength at baseline were independently associated with risk of incident dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-1.73; and 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04-1.50, respectively) and cognitive decline (HR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.26-1.51; and 1.04, 95% CI: 0.95-1.14, respectively) and when combined, were associated with 79% and 43% increase in risk of dementia and cognitive decline, respectively. Annual declines in gait and in grip over time showed similar results. Discussion Gait speed and grip strength are low-cost markers that may be useful in the clinical setting to help identify and manage individuals at greater risk, or with early signs, of dementia, particularly when measured together. Highlights Grip strength and gait speed are effective predictors and markers of dementia.Dementia risk is greater than cognitive decline risk with declines in gait or grip.Decline in gait speed, more so than in grip strength, predicts greater dementia risk.Greater risk prediction results from combining grip strength and gait speed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne G. Orchard
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Galina Polekhina
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Joanne Ryan
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Raj C. Shah
- Department of Family Medicine and Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Elsdon Storey
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Trevor T.‐J. Chong
- School of Psychological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Department of NeurologyAlfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of Clinical NeurosciencesSt. Vincent's HospitalFitzroyVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jessica E. Lockery
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology ThemeSchool of Health and Biomedical SciencesUniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Stephanie A. Ward
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA)School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South Wales, KensingtonSydneyAustralia,Department of Geriatric MedicinePrince of Wales HospitalRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Mark R. Nelson
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Christopher M. Reid
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,School of Public Health, Curtin University, BentleyPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Anne M. Murray
- Berman Center for Outcomes and Clinical ResearchHennepin Health Research Institute and Hennepin Healthcare, and University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Sara E. Espinoza
- Division of GeriatricsGerontology and Palliative MedicineSam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUT Health San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA,Geriatrics ResearchEducation and Clinical CenterSouth Texas Veterans Health Care SystemSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Anne B. Newman
- Department of EpidemiologyGraduate School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - John J. McNeil
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Taya A. Collyer
- Peninsula Clinical SchoolCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityFrankstonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Michele L. Callisaya
- Peninsula Clinical SchoolCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityFrankstonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Robyn L. Woods
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Muhammad T, Maurya P. Relationship between handgrip strength, depression and cognitive functioning among older adults: Evidence from longitudinal ageing study in India. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 37. [PMID: 35785433 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Handgrip strength (HGS) is a frequent and general indicator of muscle strength and it may affect several aspects of mental health among older people. This study explored the association of HGS with depression and cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older adults in resource-constrained setting of India. METHOD Data were drawn from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), and the analysis was conducted on 27,707 older adults aged 60 years and above. Outcome measures included depression (assessed by the Short Form Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-SF) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scales) and cognitive impairment. Descriptive statistics and mean scores of HGS were reported and multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to test the research hypotheses of the study. RESULTS Mean score of HGS was 24.33 (SD: 7.22) for males and 15.94 (SD: 5.14) for females. Mean age was 68.86 (SD: 7.19) and 68.40 (SD: 7.31) years among males and females respectively. Older participants who had weak HGS were significantly more likely to be depressed in CIDI-SF scale (B: 0.06, CI: 0.01-0.13) and CES-D scale (B: 0.02, CI: 0.01-0.03) in comparison to those who had strong HGS after adjusting for a large number of confounders. Older participants who had weak HGS were significantly more likely (B: 0.92, CI: 0.76-1.07) to have cognitive impairment compared to those who had strong HGS. CONCLUSION The findings highlight the independent association of HGS with major depression, depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment that have implications on promoting resistance-training programs among aged population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Muhammad
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Priya Maurya
- Department of Population & Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Angel B, Ajnakina O, Albala C, Lera L, Márquez C, Leipold L, Bilovich A, Dobson R, Bendayan R. Grip Strength Trajectories and Cognition in English and Chilean Older Adults: A Cross-Cohort Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1230. [PMID: 36013179 PMCID: PMC9410389 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence about the link between cognitive and physical decline suggests the early changes in physical functioning as a potential biomarker for cognitive impairment. Thus, we compared grip-strength trajectories over 12-16 years in three groups classified according to their cognitive status (two stable patterns, normal and impaired cognitive performance, and a declining pattern) in two representative UK and Chilean older adult samples. The samples consisted of 7069 UK (ELSA) and 1363 Chilean participants (ALEXANDROS). Linear Mixed models were performed. Adjustments included socio-demographics and health variables. The Declined and Impaired group had significantly lower grip-strength at baseline when compared to the Non-Impaired. In ELSA, the Declined and Impaired showed a faster decline in their grip strength compared to the Non-Impaired group but differences disappeared in the fully adjusted models. In ALEXANDROS, the differences were only found between the Declined and Non-Impaired and they were partially attenuated by covariates. Our study provides robust evidence of the association between grip strength and cognitive performance and how socio-economic factors might be key to understanding this association and their variability across countries. This has implications for future epidemiological research, as hand-grip strength measurements have the potential to be used as an indicator of cognitive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Angel
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (B.A.); (L.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Olesya Ajnakina
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (O.A.); (L.L.); (R.D.); (R.B.)
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Cecilia Albala
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (B.A.); (L.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Lydia Lera
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (B.A.); (L.L.); (C.M.)
- Latin Division, Keiser University eCampus, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33409, USA
| | - Carlos Márquez
- Public Health Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; (B.A.); (L.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Leona Leipold
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (O.A.); (L.L.); (R.D.); (R.B.)
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley, NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Avri Bilovich
- Centre for the Study of Decision-Making Uncertainty, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Richard Dobson
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (O.A.); (L.L.); (R.D.); (R.B.)
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley, NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2PG, UK
| | - Rebecca Bendayan
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (O.A.); (L.L.); (R.D.); (R.B.)
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley, NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nam S, Downer B, Bae S, Hong I. Social, behavioural, and functional characteristics of community-dwelling South Korean adults with moderate and severe cognitive impairment. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2022; 31:e1908. [PMID: 35278012 PMCID: PMC9159685 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study used the 2016 Korean Longitudinal Study on Aging to investigate the social, behavioural, and functional characteristics of community-dwelling South Korean adults with cognitive impairment. METHODS Participants were classified as normal, moderate impairment, and severe impairment according to an algorithm that combined the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination score and the number of difficulties in performing instrumental activities of daily living. Selected characteristics included grip strength, depression, participation in exercise and social activities, and living in a rural, urban, or suburban community. RESULTS Most (72.7%) participants were classified as having normal cognition, 20.1% were classified as moderate impairment, and 7.2% were classified as severe impairment. Regardless of sex, the differences in grip strength across the cognitive status classifications were statistically significant, except for the difference between moderate and severe cognitive impairment in males (p = 0.8477). Greater number of depressive symptoms and living in rural areas were associated with significantly higher odds for severe cognitive impairment. Participants with moderate (OR = 0.51) and severe (OR = 0.33) cognitive impairment were less likely to participate in social activities than those with normal cognition. CONCLUSIONS The study findings revealed that social, behavioural, and functional characteristics are closely related to the cognitive status of community-dwelling adults in South Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghun Nam
- Department of Occupational TherapyGraduate SchoolYonsei UniversityWonju‐siGangwon‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Brian Downer
- Division of Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
| | - Suyeong Bae
- Department of Occupational TherapyGraduate SchoolYonsei UniversityWonju‐siGangwon‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Ickpyo Hong
- Department of Occupational TherapyCollege of Software and Digital Healthcare ConvergenceYonsei UniversityWonju‐siGangwon‐doRepublic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Handgrip Strength and Cognitive Function among Elderly Koreans: Insights from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095262. [PMID: 35564655 PMCID: PMC9104585 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to assess handgrip strength as a predictor of cognitive decline within men and women in Korea. A random-intercept logistic regression is fit to estimate the status changes in cognitive function throughout all rounds of the KLoSA, a nationally-representative survey of adults aged 45 years and older. Males in the highest quartile were 71.9% less likely to experience cognitive impairment than those in the lowest quartile. The odds of cognitive impairment for men in the third and second quartiles reduced by 62.6% and 60.4% respectively. Similarly, the odds of cognitive impairment for women declined as 72.7%, 63.0%, and 41.8% for fourth, third, and second quartile, respectively, compared with the lowest quartile. These results imply that assessing and monitoring handgrip strength may enable us to identify subgroups of the elderly with higher likelihood of cognitive impairment in Korea.
Collapse
|
15
|
Park W, Kim B, Lee J, Hong G, Park J. Relationship between physiological tremor and cognitive function in physically active older women. Phys Act Nutr 2022; 26:14-19. [PMID: 35510441 PMCID: PMC9081354 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2022.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to compare the physiological tremor, grip strength, and cognitive function of sedentary and physically active older adults. [Methods] Twenty-four older adults aged ≥65 years participated in this study and were divided into the sedentary (76.5±4.4 years, n=12) and physically active (73.5±3.3 years, n=12) groups. Each group completed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for cognitive function assessment. Physiological tremor was measured using an accelerometer for both hands at rest and the left/right hand with a 1,000 g dumbbell on the palm in neutral positions and the elbow flexed at 90°. Physical fitness was measured by grip strength and completion of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and the 6-min walk test. [Results] The physically active group showed a significantly lower level of physiological tremor in both hands at rest and the left/right hand with a 1,000 g dumbbell on the palm (P<0.05) than that in the sedentary group. For cognitive function, the physically active group showed significantly higher scores than those in the sedentary group (P<0.001). No significant correlation was found between cognitive function and left/right grip strength (left: r = 0.117, P = 0.585; right: r = 0.230, P = 0.279), physiological tremor in both hands at rest (left: r = -0.524, P < 0.001; right: r = -0.508, P < 0.05), and the left/right hand with a 1,000 g dumbbell on the palm (left: r = -0.505, P < 0.05; right: r = -0.458, P < 0.05). [Conclusion] Physiological tremor of the hands has the potential to be a useful predictor of cognitive function in older adults.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bermejo JL, Valldecabres R, Villarrasa-Sapiña I, Monfort-Torres G, Marco-Ahulló A, Ribeiro Do Couto B. Increased cortisol levels caused by acute resistance physical exercise impair memory and learning ability. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13000. [PMID: 35345590 PMCID: PMC8957269 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute physical exercise works as an activator of the responses of the human organism to stress. This is based on the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, affecting physical, physiological and psychological levels. This study aimed to analyse the effects of a single bout of high-intensity resistance exercise on cognitive-behavioural responses: visuo-spatial path learning and memory, as well as physiological responses (salivary cortisol levels). Nineteen healthy male military-trained powerlifting subjects were tested in a within-subject design on two experimental days with an interval of 48 h. The stress and cognitive variables were measured by cortisol levels and Ruff-Light trail-learning test (RULIT) test scores, respectively. The results showed the immediate influence of acute exercise on cortisol, with significantly higher cortisol levels found in subjects after completion of the acute resistance exercise. In addition, this study found a significant deterioration of memory and learning ability after a dose of intense resistance exercise. In conclusion, the study highlights the relative effects of resistance exercise on cortisol and cognitive performance depending on the intensity and type of the exercise, the moment of measurement and the cerebral areas implicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José-Luis Bermejo
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain,Human Movement Analysis Research Group - HuMAG (GIUV2016-306), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raúl Valldecabres
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain,Faculty of Education, Valencia International University - VIU, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Gonzalo Monfort-Torres
- Human Movement Analysis Research Group - HuMAG (GIUV2016-306), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain,Unidad de Educación, Florida Universitaria, Catarroja, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrià Marco-Ahulló
- Departamento de Neuropsicología, metodología, psicología social y básica. Facultad de Psicología. Universidad Católica de Valencia
| | - Bruno Ribeiro Do Couto
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain,Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Herold F, Labott BK, Grässler B, Halfpaap N, Langhans C, Müller P, Ammar A, Dordevic M, Hökelmann A, Müller NG. A Link between Handgrip Strength and Executive Functioning: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Controls. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020230. [PMID: 35206845 PMCID: PMC8872145 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) who in addition to their memory deficits also suffer from frontal-executive dysfunctions have a higher risk of developing dementia later in their lives than older adults with aMCI without executive deficits and older adults with non-amnestic MCI (naMCI). Handgrip strength (HGS) is also correlated with the risk of cognitive decline in the elderly. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the associations between HGS and executive functioning in individuals with aMCI, naMCI and healthy controls. Older, right-handed adults with amnestic MCI (aMCI), non-amnestic MCI (naMCI), and healthy controls (HC) conducted a handgrip strength measurement via a handheld dynamometer. Executive functions were assessed with the Trail Making Test (TMT A&B). Normalized handgrip strength (nHGS, normalized to Body Mass Index (BMI)) was calculated and its associations with executive functions (operationalized through z-scores of TMT B/A ratio) were investigated through partial correlation analyses (i.e., accounting for age, sex, and severity of depressive symptoms). A positive and low-to-moderate correlation between right nHGS (rp (22) = 0.364; p = 0.063) and left nHGS (rp (22) = 0.420; p = 0.037) and executive functioning in older adults with aMCI but not in naMCI or HC was observed. Our results suggest that higher levels of nHGS are linked to better executive functioning in aMCI but not naMCI and HC. This relationship is perhaps driven by alterations in the integrity of the hippocampal-prefrontal network occurring in older adults with aMCI. Further research is needed to provide empirical evidence for this assumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.K.L.); (P.M.); (M.D.); (N.G.M.)
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Berit K. Labott
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.K.L.); (P.M.); (M.D.); (N.G.M.)
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.G.); (N.H.); (C.L.); (A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Bernhard Grässler
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.G.); (N.H.); (C.L.); (A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Nicole Halfpaap
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.G.); (N.H.); (C.L.); (A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Corinna Langhans
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.G.); (N.H.); (C.L.); (A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Patrick Müller
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.K.L.); (P.M.); (M.D.); (N.G.M.)
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.G.); (N.H.); (C.L.); (A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Milos Dordevic
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.K.L.); (P.M.); (M.D.); (N.G.M.)
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anita Hökelmann
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.G.); (N.H.); (C.L.); (A.A.); (A.H.)
| | - Notger G. Müller
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (B.K.L.); (P.M.); (M.D.); (N.G.M.)
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Does motor functioning mediate the relationship between executive functions and psychological well-being of atypically developing older adults? CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02530-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe contribution of motor efficiency to the maintenance of psychological well-being in cognitively impaired older individuals is still insufficiently examined. This investigation primarily intended to evaluate whether muscular strength mediates the relationship between different facets of psychological well-being (i.e., personal satisfaction, emotional competence, coping), negative mood, and central executive efficiency through the Clock-Drawing, Trail-Making (Part A), and verbal fluency tests. Furthermore, the impact of cognitive decline on self-reported psychological well-being and depression was explored, using the handgrip strength (HGS) measure as a covariate. One hundred and nineteen older participants, 44 males and 75 females, aged 63 years and older (Mage = 77.7 years, SD = 5.6 years), completed a battery of tests assessing executive functions, HGS, depression, and psychological well-being. Significant low to moderate associations were found between distinct executive functions, HGS, psychological well-being, and depression. In addition, personal satisfaction did not correlate with any measure of executive functions, the clock-drawing score was associated only with coping index, and self-reported depression correlated only with the Trail-Making Test score. Moreover, a series of mediation analyses documented that executive functions (primarily assessing verbal fluency and motor speed) and HGS explained approximately 20–46% of the variance in perceived psychological well-being and depression. Finally, more cognitively impaired participants reported worse total psychological well-being, emotional competence, and coping. In conclusion, motor proficiency mediates the relationship between selective measures of executive functions and perceived psychological well-being and depression in cognitively impaired individuals.
Collapse
|
19
|
Association between Handgrip Strength and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006-2018). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031048. [PMID: 35162070 PMCID: PMC8833993 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating research indicates that handgrip strength is associated with cognitive function. Studies have also shown the difference in cognitive decline between males and females. We investigated the association between baseline handgrip strength and later cognitive function in older adults according to sex using the dataset from Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006–2018). Overall, 9707 observations of 1750 participants (989 males and 761 females) over 65 years of age were sampled from the first wave, followed by six consecutive waves. The Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination and baseline handgrip strength scores were assessed. Sociodemographic and health-related variables were also included as covariates in the multivariable linear mixed models. Males in the lowest quartile of the baseline handgrip strength decreased in cognitive function (β = −0.54, standard error (SE) = 0.16, p < 0.001), compared to males in the highest quartile. For females, those in the second lowest quartile (β = −0.65, SE = 0.19, p < 0.001) and the lowest quartile (β = −0.53, SE = 0.19, p< 0.01) decreased in cognitive function. Handgrip strength may be positively associated with later cognitive function, but the association may be non-linear and differ between sexes. Sex-specific preventive assessment of handgrip strength may help identify older adults at risk for cognitive impairment.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lattanzio F, Corigliano V, Soraci L, Fumagalli A, Onder G, Volpato S, Cherubini A, Ruggiero C, Cozza A, Guarasci F, Corsonello A. Unveiling the Burden of Interactions Among Clinical Risk Factors for 1-Year Mortality in Hospitalized Older Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:771115. [PMID: 34901086 PMCID: PMC8655869 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.771115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hospitalized older patients are particularly exposed to adverse health outcomes. Objective: In this study, we aimed at investigating the prognostic interactions between disability in basic activities of daily living (BADL), cognitive impairment, low handgrip strength, anticholinergic cognitive burden (ACB), and depression on 1-year mortality. Setting and Subjects: Our series consisted of 503 older patients discharged from acute care hospitals. Methods: Disability in at least one BADL, ACB, depression, cognitive impairment, and low handgrip strength was considered in the analysis. One-year mortality was investigated by Cox regression analysis and prognostic interactions among study variables were assessed by survival tree analysis. Results: Basic activities of daily living disability, ACB, cognitive impairment, and low handgrip strength were significantly associated with 1-year mortality. Survival tree analysis showed that patients with BADL disability and high ACB carried the highest risk of poor survival [hazard ratio (HR): 16.48 (2.63–74.72)], followed by patients with BADL disability and low ACB (HR: 8.43, 95% CI: 1.85–38.87). Patients with cognitive impairment and no BADL disability were characterized by a lower but still significant risk of mortality (HR: 6.61, 95% CI: 1.51–28.97) and those with high ACB scores and good cognitive and functional performance (HR: 5.28, 95% CI: 1.13–24.55). Conclusion: Basic activities of daily living dependency, cognitive impairment, and ACB score were the three main predictors of 1-year mortality among patients discharged from acute care hospitals; the interaction between BADL dependency and ACB score was found to significantly affect survival. Early identification of such high-risk patients may help tailor targeted interventions to counteract their detrimental effects on prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Lattanzio
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Italian National Research Centers on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Corigliano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Soraci
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Italian National Research Centers on Aging, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Alessia Fumagalli
- Respiratory Unit, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Italian National Research Centers on Aging, Casatenovo, Italy
| | - Graziano Onder
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, IstitutoSuperiore di Sanitá, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Center for Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonio Cherubini
- Geriatria, Accettazionegeriatrica e Centro di Ricerca per l'Invecchiamento, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Italian National Research Centers on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carmelinda Ruggiero
- Orthogeriatric and Geriatric Units, Gerontology and Geriatric Sections, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cozza
- Unit of Geriatric Pharmacoepidemiology and Biostatistics, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Italian National Research Centers on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Guarasci
- Unit of Geriatric Pharmacoepidemiology and Biostatistics, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Italian National Research Centers on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Corsonello
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Italian National Research Centers on Aging, Cosenza, Italy.,Unit of Geriatric Pharmacoepidemiology and Biostatistics, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Italian National Research Centers on Aging, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Watermeyer T, Massa F, Goerdten J, Stirland L, Johansson B, Muniz-Terrera G. Cognitive Dispersion Predicts Grip Strength Trajectories in Men but not Women in a Sample of the Oldest Old Without Dementia. Innov Aging 2021; 5:igab025. [PMID: 34549095 PMCID: PMC8448440 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Grip strength is a reliable marker of biological vitality and it typically demonstrates an expected decline in older adults. According to the common-cause hypothesis, there is also a significant association between cognitive and physical function in older adults. Some specific cognitive functions have been shown to be associated with grip strength trajectories with most research solely focused on cutoff points or mean cognitive performance. In the present study, we examine whether a measure of cognitive dispersion might be more informative. We therefore used an index that quantifies dispersion in cognitive scores across multiple cognitive tests, shown to be associated with detrimental outcomes in older adults. Research Design and Methods Using repeated grip strength measures from men and women aged 80 and older, free of dementia in the OCTO-Twin study, we estimated aging-related grip strength trajectories. We examined the association of cognitive dispersion and mean cognitive function with grip strength level and aging-related rate of change, accounting for known risk factors. Results Cognitive dispersion was associated with grip strength trajectories in men and the association varied by mean cognitive performance, whereas we found no association in women. Discussion and Implications Our results provide evidence of a sex-specific vitality association between cognitive dispersion and aging-related trajectories of grip strength. Our results support the call for integration of sex and gender in health promotion and intervention research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamlyn Watermeyer
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Fernando Massa
- Instituto de Estadistica, Universidad de la Republica del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jantje Goerdten
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lucy Stirland
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Boo Johansson
- Department of Psychology & Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), University of Gothenburg, Goethenburg, Sweden
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sapkota S, McFall GP, Masellis M, Dixon RA. A Multimodal Risk Network Predicts Executive Function Trajectories in Non-demented Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:621023. [PMID: 34603005 PMCID: PMC8482841 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.621023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Multiple modalities of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors may operate through interacting networks to predict differential cognitive trajectories in asymptomatic aging. We test such a network in a series of three analytic steps. First, we test independent associations between three risk scores (functional-health, lifestyle-reserve, and a combined multimodal risk score) and cognitive [executive function (EF)] trajectories. Second, we test whether all three associations are moderated by the most penetrant AD genetic risk [Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4+ allele]. Third, we test whether a non-APOE AD genetic risk score further moderates these APOE × multimodal risk score associations. Methods: We assembled a longitudinal data set (spanning a 40-year band of aging, 53-95 years) with non-demented older adults (baseline n = 602; Mage = 70.63(8.70) years; 66% female) from the Victoria Longitudinal Study (VLS). The measures included for each modifiable risk score were: (1) functional-health [pulse pressure (PP), grip strength, and body mass index], (2) lifestyle-reserve (physical, social, cognitive-integrative, cognitive-novel activities, and education), and (3) the combination of functional-health and lifestyle-reserve risk scores. Two AD genetic risk markers included (1) APOE and (2) a combined AD-genetic risk score (AD-GRS) comprised of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; Clusterin[rs11136000], Complement receptor 1[rs6656401], Phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein[rs3851179]). The analytics included confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), longitudinal invariance testing, and latent growth curve modeling. Structural path analyses were deployed to test and compare prediction models for EF performance and change. Results: First, separate analyses showed that higher functional-health risk scores, lifestyle-reserve risk scores, and the combined score, predicted poorer EF performance and steeper decline. Second, APOE and AD-GRS moderated the association between functional-health risk score and the combined risk score, on EF performance and change. Specifically, only older adults in the APOEε4- group showed steeper EF decline with high risk scores on both functional-health and combined risk score. Both associations were further magnified for adults with high AD-GRS. Conclusion: The present multimodal AD risk network approach incorporated both modifiable and genetic risk scores to predict EF trajectories. The results add an additional degree of precision to risk profile calculations for asymptomatic aging populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Sapkota
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - G. Peggy McFall
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger A. Dixon
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
İnce N, Öztürk M, Meseri R, Besler HT. Is Obesity Associated with Lower Mini Mental Test Scores among Elderly? A Cross Sectional Study. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:600-607. [PMID: 34283003 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1946869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity leads to many chronic diseases and its association with cognitive impairment is controversial. The objective was to investigate the association between obesity, anthropometric measurements and cognitive functions of elderly. METHODS Planned cross-sectionally, community-dwelling Cypriots (aged ≥ 50 years) without any neurological disorders, were included. Cognitive impairment evaluated by Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was the dependent variable. Socio-demographic variables, anthropometric measurements and obesity were the independent variables. The data was collected via face-to-face interview. Logistic regression models were constituted to determine the association of anthropometric measurements, obesity and dementia. RESULTS The mean age of participants (n = 541) was 60.0 ± 8.7 for women (n = 377) and 61.5 ± 6.0 years for men (n = 164). According to MMSE, 26.0% of women and 11.0% of men had mild-dementia, and the rest scored normal. After adjusted for age and sex, each unit increase in BMI (OR: 1.045, 95%CI: 1.008-1.091), Waist to height ratio (WHtR; OR: 1.030, 95%CI: 1.006-1.055) and Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC; OR: 1.077, 95%CI: 1.016-1.141) increases the risk of mild-dementia. When education, employment and smoking were included in the models, significance of anthropometric measurements was diminished and only sex and education were remained significant for all. CONCLUSION After controlled for age and sex, increment in anthropometric measurements increased the risk of dementia but when education was taken into consideration, this significant association was diminished showing that sex and education is more predominant in a heterogeneous group in means of education. Thus, for heterogeneous groups it might be better to revise MMSE. To determine the association between obesity and dementia cohort studies with longer follow-up duration with larger samples are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nezire İnce
- Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus
| | - Müjgan Öztürk
- Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus
| | - Reci Meseri
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Halit Tanju Besler
- Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kang M, Lee I, Hong H, Kim J, Kang H. Predictors of Changes in Cognitive Function in Older Korean Adults: The 2006-2018 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126345. [PMID: 34208163 PMCID: PMC8296181 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive decline with normal aging varies widely among individuals. This study aimed to investigate predictors of longitudinal changes in cognitive function in community-dwelling Korean adults aged 65 years and older. Data from 727 older adults who participated in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) survey from 2006 (baseline) until 2018 (seventh wave) were used. Cognitive performance was assessed with the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination. The participants were retrospectively classified into normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and moderate/severe cognitive impairment. Education, income, religion, living area, alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, handgrip strength, functional dependency, depression, comorbidity, medications, fall experience, and unintentional weight loss were included as covariates. A linear mixed regression analysis showed that a steeper decline in cognitive function over time was significantly associated with parameters of poor socio-economic status, health conditions, and unhealthy behaviors. Individuals with mild cognitive impairment or moderate/severe cognitive impairment were likely to have steeper cognitive declines compared with individuals with normal cognition. The current findings of the study showed that age-related cognitive decline was multifactorial in older Korean adults.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim Y, Shin S, Hong N, Rhee Y. Low Serum Vitamin E Level Associated with Low Hand Grip Strength in Community-Dwelling Adults: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII) 2016-2018. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051598. [PMID: 34064628 PMCID: PMC8150409 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the association between serum vitamin E levels and hand grip strength (HGS) in community-dwelling adults data of 1011 men aged 50 years and older and 1144 postmenopausal women were analyzed. Low HGS was defined as HGS below the sex-stratified median value. Proportion of low HGS was the greatest in the lowest quintile of serum vitamin E level (<10.51 mg/L, 57.1%), with a decreasing trend toward the highest vitamin E quintile (>17.81 mg/L, 43.6%; p < 0.001). A one-unit (mg/L) decrease in vitamin E levels was associated with lower HGS in men (adjusted beta coefficient −0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.18 to −0.02, p = 0.019), but not in women (−0.01, 95% CI −0.06 to 0.03, p = 0.550). Compared with the middle quintile (Q3; 12.59–14.69 mg/L), the lowest vitamin E quintile (Q1) was associated with elevated odds of low HGS (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.38, p = 0.045), independent of sociodemographic factors, health-related lifestyles, comorbidities, dietary intake, and cholesterol level. However, the odds of low HGS did not differ significantly in other vitamin E quintiles (Q2, aOR 1.12; Q4, aOR 1.38; Q5, aOR 1.12; p > 0.05). Individuals with the lowest quintile vitamin E level had elevated odds of low HGS independent of covariates, findings which merit further validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjae Kim
- Division of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Sungjae Shin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.S.); (Y.R.)
| | - Namki Hong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.S.); (Y.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-0883
| | - Yumie Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.S.); (Y.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bai A, Xu W, Sun J, Liu J, Deng X, Wu L, Zou X, Zuo J, Zou L, Liu Y, Xie H, Zhang X, Fan L, Hu Y. Associations of sarcopenia and its defining components with cognitive function in community-dwelling oldest old. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:292. [PMID: 33957882 PMCID: PMC8101237 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the associations of sarcopenia and its defining components with cognitive function in community-dwelling oldest old (over 80 years old) in China. METHODS Sarcopenia was diagnosed by the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Logistic and linear regression models were used to explore the associations of sarcopenia and its defining components with risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and performance on multiple cognitive domains among 428 adults aged 80 years and older. RESULTS The overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 35.5%, with 40.34% for men and 32.14% for women. The prevalence of MCI was higher among sarcopenic oldest old than non-sarcopenic oldest old (28.95% vs. 17.39%, p = 0.005). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that sarcopenia [odds ratio (OR) = 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-3.33], low handgrip strength (HS) [OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.40-3.87] and slow gait speed (GS) [OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.13-4.72] were significantly and independently associated with risk of MCI. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that low HS was associated with worse performance in global cognitive function, visuospatial and executive function, naming and delayed recall. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia, low HS and low GS was significantly associated with MCI in community-dwelling oldest old. The associations between sarcopenia and its defining components with different cognitive subdomains could be further explored in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anying Bai
- Peking University Health Science Centre, School of Public Health, Beijing, China.,Geriatric Health Care Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weihao Xu
- Geriatric Health Care Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Geriatric Health Care Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Geriatric Department of Beijing North Hospital Of Ordnance Industry, Beijing, China
| | - Xinli Deng
- Laboratory Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linna Wu
- Geriatric Emergency Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zou
- Geriatric Cardiology Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- Geriatric Health Care Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Geriatric Health Care Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxia Liu
- Geriatric Health Care Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hengge Xie
- Neurology Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Neurology Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Fan
- Geriatric Health Care Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- Geriatric Health Care Department of The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gerber M, Lang C, Beckmann J, du Randt R, Gall S, Seelig H, Long KZ, Ludyga S, Müller I, Nienaber M, Nqweniso S, Pühse U, Steinmann P, Utzinger J, Walter C. How are academic achievement and inhibitory control associated with physical fitness, soil-transmitted helminth infections, food insecurity and stunting among South African primary schoolchildren? BMC Public Health 2021; 21:852. [PMID: 33941121 PMCID: PMC8091717 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular fitness has been associated with both executive function and academic achievement in multiple cohort studies including children and adolescents. However, research is scarce among children from low- and middle-income countries. Hence, this paper focuses on South African primary schoolchildren living in marginalized areas and examines if academic achievement and inhibitory control can be explained by children's age, socioeconomic status, soil-transmitted helminth infections, food insecurity, stunting, grip strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness. METHODS The sample of this cross-sectional study consisted of 1277 children (48% girls, mean age: 8.3 years). Data were assessed via questionnaires, stool samples, anthropometric measurements, 20 m shuttle run test, grip strength test, Flanker task, and school grades. Data were analysed with mixed linear regression models with random intercepts for school classes, separately for boys and girls. RESULTS Higher socioeconomic status was most closely associated with academic achievement among boys (p < 0.05), whereas higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and not being stunted explained most variance in academic achievement in girls (p < 0.05). Higher age turned out to be associated with better performance in the Flanker task (p < 0.01). Additionally, in boys, higher grip strength was associated with better information processing and inhibitory control of attention (p < 0.01), whereas in girls, higher cardiorespiratory fitness levels were positively associated with these cognitive abilities (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Academic performance has been shown to be compromised in schoolchildren living in marginalised areas, compared to schoolchildren in less disadvantaged parts of South Africa. The present study suggests that cardiorespiratory fitness and grip strength are two potentially modifiable factors that are associated with children's academic achievement and cognitive performance, and that should be targeted in future school-based interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, St. Jakob-Turm, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Christin Lang
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, St. Jakob-Turm, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Beckmann
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, St. Jakob-Turm, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rosa du Randt
- Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Stefanie Gall
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, St. Jakob-Turm, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Harald Seelig
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, St. Jakob-Turm, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Z Long
- Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, St. Jakob-Turm, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Müller
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, St. Jakob-Turm, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Uwe Pühse
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, St. Jakob-Turm, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Steinmann
- Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl Walter
- Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen Y, Du Y, Sun Z, Liu Q, Sun C, Lin H, Jin M, Fu J, Ma F, Li W, Liu H, Zhang X, Wang G, Huang G. Interactions Between Handgrip Strength and Serum Folate and Homocysteine Levels on Cognitive Function in the Elderly Chinese Population. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1503-1513. [PMID: 33720898 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Handgrip strength (HGS) and serum folate and homocysteine (Hcy) levels were associated with cognitive function. However, little was known whether there were interactions between HGS and serum folate and Hcy levels on cognitive function. OBJECTIVE To examine the interactions between HGS and serum folate and Hcy levels on cognitive function. METHODS This study analyzed the baseline data of the Tianjin Elderly Nutrition and Cognition Cohort study. All participants aged ≥60 years were potential eligible. HGS was measured using a grip strength dynamometer. Serum folate and Hcy levels were assayed using standard laboratory protocol. A Mini-Mental State Examination was used to assess cognitive function. Linear regressions were employed to examine the interactions between HGS and serum folate and Hcy levels on cognitive function. RESULTS 4,484 participants were included in this study. There were interactions between HGS and serum folate and Hcy levels on cognitive function. Furthermore, subjects with strong HGS and sufficient folate level had the best cognitive function (β= 2.018), sequentially followed by those with strong HGS and insufficient folate level (β= 1.698) and with poor HGS and sufficient folate level (β= 0.873). Similarly, cognitive function was ranked in the descending order of subjects with strong HGS and normal Hcy level (β= 1.971), strong HGS and high Hcy level (β= 1.467), and poor HGS and normal Hcy level (β= 0.657). CONCLUSION There were interactions between HGS and serum folate and Hcy levels on cognitive function. However, the temporal associations cannot be examined in a cross-sectional study. Further cohort study should be conducted to confirm these associations in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuoyu Sun
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Changqing Sun
- Neurosurgical Department of Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyan Lin
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengdi Jin
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingzhu Fu
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Xumei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Department of Tumor, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hooyman A, Malek-Ahmadi M, Fauth EB, Schaefer SY. Challenging the relationship of grip strength with cognitive status in older adults. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 36:433-442. [PMID: 33027842 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Grip strength is a widely used motor assessment in ageing research and has repeatedly been shown to be associated with cognition. It has been proposed that grip strength could enhance cognitive screening in experimental or clinical research, but this study uses multiple data-driven approaches to caution against this interpretation. Furthermore, we introduce an alternative motor assessment, comparable to grip dynamometry, but has a more robust relationship with cognition among older adults. DESIGN Associations between grip strength and cognition (measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment) were analysed cross sectionally using multivariate regression in two datasets: (1) The Irish LongituDinal Study on Ageing (TILDA; N = 5,980, community-dwelling adults ages 49-80) and (2) an experimental dataset (N = 250, community-dwelling adults aged 39-98). Additional statistical simulations on TILDA tested how ceiling effects or skewness in these variables influenced these associations for quality control. RESULTS Grip strength was significantly but weakly associated with cognition, consistent with previous studies. Simulations revealed this was not due to skewness/ceiling effects. Conversely, a new alternative motor assessment (functional reaching [FR]) had a stronger, more robust and more sensitive relationship with cognition compared to grip strength. CONCLUSIONS Grip strength should be cautiously interpreted as being associated with cognition. However, FR may have a stronger and clinically useful relationship with cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hooyman
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth B Fauth
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Sydney Y Schaefer
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Carvalho AF, Maes M, Solmi M, Brunoni AR, Lange S, Husain MI, Kurdyak P, Rehm J, Koyanagi A. Is dynapenia associated with the onset and persistence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among older adults? Findings from the Irish longitudinal study on ageing. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:468-475. [PMID: 31829040 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1699021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the current study was to assess the associations between dynapenia and the onset and persistence of depression and anxiety among older adults. METHODS This prospective cohort study enrolled community-living older adults (N = 5271; 51.1% females) aged ≥ 50 years (mean age = 63.2, standard deviation = 9.0) from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging (TILDA), Ireland. At baseline, participants completed a handgrip assessment. Depression was defined by a score ≥ 16 in the Center of Epidemiology Studies Depression (CES-D) tool and anxiety was considered when participants scored ≥ 8 on the anxiety section of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Outcomes were incident and persistent depression and anxiety at two years follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression models were built for each outcome. RESULTS After controlling for age, sex, education, marital status, employment status, smoking, body mass index, number of chronic conditions, physical activity, and cognitive function, low handgrip strength indicative of dyapenia (< 30 Kg for men and < 20 Kg for women) was associated with a greater likelihood for incident depressive (OR = 1.44; 95%CI: 1.08-1.92) as well as for persistent depressive (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.01-2.58) and anxiety (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.20-2.14) symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Dynapenia was associated with a higher odds of developing depressive symptoms as well as a greater likelihood to persistent depressive and anxiety symptoms among older adults. Our data suggest that interventions targeting muscle strength may prevent the onset of late-life depression and also may hold promise as novel therapeutic opportunities for depression and anxiety in later life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andre F Carvalho
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andre R Brunoni
- Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry (INBioN), Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shannon Lange
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Ishrat Husain
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Kurdyak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy & Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Herold F, Behrendt T, Törpel A, Hamacher D, Müller NG, Schega L. Cortical hemodynamics as a function of handgrip strength and cognitive performance: a cross-sectional fNIRS study in younger adults. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:10. [PMID: 33588769 PMCID: PMC7885414 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence for a positive correlation between measures of muscular strength and cognitive abilities. However, the neurophysiological correlates of this relationship are not well understood so far. The aim of this study was to investigate cortical hemodynamics [i.e., changes in concentrations of oxygenated (oxyHb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyHb)] as a possible link between measures of muscular strength and cognitive performance. METHODS In a cohort of younger adults (n = 39, 18-30 years), we assessed (i) handgrip strength by a handhold dynamometer, (ii) short-term working memory performance by using error rates and reaction times in the Sternberg task, and (iii) cortical hemodynamics of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). RESULTS We observed low to moderate negative correlations (rp = ~ - 0.38 to - 0.51; p < 0.05) between reaction time and levels of oxyHb in specific parts of the PFC. Furthermore, we noticed low to moderate positive correlations (rp = ~ 0.34 to 0.45; p < 0.05) between reaction times and levels of deoxyHb in distinct parts of the PFC. Additionally, higher levels of oxyHb (rp (35) = 0.401; p = 0.014) and lower levels of deoxyHb (rp (34) = - 0.338; p = 0.043) in specific parts of the PFC were linked to higher percentage of correct answers. We also found low to moderate correlations (p < 0.05) between measures of handgrip strength and levels of oxyHb (rp = ~ 0.35; p < 0.05) and levels of deoxyHb (rp = ~ - 0.25 to - 0.49; p < 0.05) in specific parts of the PFC. However, there was neither a correlation between cognitive performance and handgrip strength nor did cortical hemodynamics in the PFC mediate the relationship between handgrip strength and cognitive performance (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The present study provides evidence for a positive neurobehavioral relationship between cortical hemodynamics and cognitive performance. Our findings further imply that in younger adults higher levels of handgrip strength positively influence cortical hemodynamics although the latter did not necessarily culminate in better cognitive performance. Future research should examine whether the present findings can be generalized to other cohorts (e.g., older adults).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto Von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Tom Behrendt
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Törpel
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Hamacher
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Notger G Müller
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto Von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Brenneckestraße 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Basile G, Sardella A. From cognitive to motor impairment and from sarcopenia to cognitive impairment: a bidirectional pathway towards frailty and disability. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:469-478. [PMID: 32277434 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive and motor/physical functions may evolve at different speeds along the entire lifespan, and with different impact on aging processes, although running parallel along the same temporal continuum. The investigation of the shared association between cognitive and motor/physical functions has represented a challenging subject of debate in the last decades. However, the direction of this cognitive-motor link still needs to be furtherly clarified. A first approach suggests that pre-clinical cognitive decline, such as the MCI, may have a negative impact also on strength, walking speed and balance. Conversely, the presence of earlier motor dysfunction has been discussed as a potential predictor of further cognitive impairment, such in the Motoric Cognitive Risk syndrome, which is characterized by primary reduced gait speed in absence of cognitive deficits. Moreover, reduced handgrip strength has been discussed as a risk factor for the onset of further cognitive impairment. Recent studies have started to investigate the association between cognitive and motor/physical functions in a bidirectional way, suggesting instead both the predictive role of strength on the onset of further cognitive decline, as well as the predictive role of cognitive status on progressively higher risk to develop strength reduction. In conclusion, cognitive and motor/physical decline could often identify a common way, rather than parallel pathways. This integrated perspective should be addressed in the context of geriatric assessments, and it may also promote an increasingly multi-dimensional approach to frailty, together with a significant concern in the end of life stages such as disability and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Basile
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Alberto Sardella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hurh K, Park Y, Kim GR, Jang SI, Park EC. Associations of Handgrip Strength and Handgrip Strength Asymmetry With Depression in the Elderly in Korea: A Cross-sectional Study. J Prev Med Public Health 2020; 54:63-72. [PMID: 33618501 PMCID: PMC7939759 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.20.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recent studies have suggested that assessing handgrip strength (HGS) asymmetry together with HGS may be helpful for evaluating problems in geriatric patients. This study aimed to identify whether HGS asymmetry, weakness, or both were associated with depression in Korean older adults. Methods This study included 4274 subjects from the sixth and seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The maximum HGS of the dominant hand was used as a representative value. HGS symmetry was categorized by the ratio of the HGS of the dominant hand to that of non-dominant hand. The odds ratio (OR) for depression was calculated according to the HGS and its symmetry. Results In total, 240 (12.5%) men and 534 (22.7%) women had depression. HGS or HGS asymmetry showed no statistically significant associations with depression in elderly men. Elevated odds of depression were observed in elderly women with low HGS (OR, 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33 to 2.81) or prominent HGS asymmetry (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.08). There was a positive additive interaction between asymmetric HGS and weakness, as women with low and prominently asymmetric HGS showed higher odds of depression (OR, 3.77; 95% CI, 2.16 to 6.59) than women with high and symmetric HGS. Conclusions Depression in elderly Korean women was associated with both low and asymmetric HGS. Our findings support the potential value of HGS asymmetry as an indicator of HGS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungduk Hurh
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoonsik Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyu Ri Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-In Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Parvin E, Mohammadian F, Amani-Shalamzari S, Bayati M, Tazesh B. Dual-Task Training Affect Cognitive and Physical Performances and Brain Oscillation Ratio of Patients With Alzheimer's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:605317. [PMID: 33424581 PMCID: PMC7787183 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.605317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of dual-task training on cognitive status, physical performance, and brain oscillation of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Twenty-six AD patients were randomly assigned to two groups, the training group (TG) and control group (CG). TG executed progressive combined exercises with visual stimulation twice a week for 12 weeks. Training included muscle endurance, balance, flexibility, and aerobic exercises with eyes closed and opened. Brain oscillation on electroencephalography (EEG) and a series of physical, cognitive, and mental tests were taken before and post-intervention. There was a significant improvement after training protocol in cognitive function, particularly in short-term and working memory, attention, and executive function (p < 0.01). Besides, there were substantial improvements in depression status (GDS scale), aerobic fitness (6 min walking), flexibility (chair sit and reach) functional ability (chair stand, timed up and go test), strength (knee extensions, preacher biceps curl, handgrip) in TG compared to CG. These signs of progress were associated with a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the frequency of brain oscillation and a decrease in the theta/alpha ratio. In addition to physical performance, the regular combined training with visual stimulation improves brain health as indicated by improving cognitive function and reducing the theta/alpha ratio. Clinical Trial Registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) https://www.irct.ir/, identifier IRCT20190504043468N1-August 5, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Parvin
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadian
- Department of Neurology, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Amani-Shalamzari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Bayati
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Research Center, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Tazesh
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Specialist, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lee J. Grip Strength as a Cardiometabolic Marker. Korean J Fam Med 2020; 41:271-272. [PMID: 32961045 PMCID: PMC7509118 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.41.5e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jungun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
- *Corresponding Author: Jungun Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8580-1445 Tel: +82-31-390-2416, Fax: +82-31-390-2266, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bae KH, Jo YH, Lee DR, Lee J. Trajectories of Handgrip Strength and Their Associations with Mortality among Older Adults in Korea: Analysis of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. Korean J Fam Med 2020; 42:38-46. [PMID: 32456407 PMCID: PMC7884901 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.19.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Handgrip strength (HGS) is a good predictor of adverse health outcomes in later life. This prospective study aimed to investigate whether HGS trajectory patterns were associated with all-cause mortality among older adults in Korea. METHODS This study used the database of the 2006-2016 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. Study participants included 3,069 adults aged ≥65 years without a previous history of cancer. The trajectory model was developed to identify different homogeneous trajectory patterns of HGS according to study period. Cox proportional hazards models were then applied to investigate the association between HGS and all-cause mortality. RESULTS The survival probability according to HGS during the follow-up period decreased as base HGS weakened. We identified four distinct trajectory groups of HGS among men and three among women. The risk of mortality increased as the HGS of both males and females decreased. Compared with the highest HGS group, the adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality of the lowest, lower-mid, and upper-mid HGS groups among males were 3.46 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.17-6.69), 2.26 (95% CI, 1.47-3.48), and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.07-2.32). Those of the low and mid HGS groups among females were 2.69 (95% CI, 1.39-5.21) and 1.97 (95% CI, 1.05-3.69). CONCLUSION The faster HGS declined over time, the greater the all-cause mortality risk increased compared with the slowly decreasing or maintained HGS groups among men and women. HGS measurement among older adults will be helpful in assessing their health statuses and pre-assessing disease-associated morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hyun Bae
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Yong Ho Jo
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Dong Ryul Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Jungun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Noh HM, Park YS. Handgrip strength, dynapenia, and mental health in older Koreans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4004. [PMID: 32132581 PMCID: PMC7055305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined associations between muscle strength and mental health among 2,652 elderly Koreans who participated in the 2015 and 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We measured absolute handgrip strength and calculated handgrip strength relative to body mass index. Dynapenia criteria followed that of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Questionnaires were used to assess mental health indicators including suicidal ideation, depressed mood, and stress status. Among participants, 18.6%, 14.9%, and 6.7% reported stress, depressed mood, and suicidal ideation, respectively. Dynapenia prevalence was 25.1%. Adjusted odds ratios of stress, depressed mood, and suicidal ideation for men with dynapenia were 2.15, 2.30, and 2.11, respectively. Significant associations were absent among women. For men, handgrip strength and relative handgrip strength were inversely associated with risk of stress, depressed mood, and suicidal ideation. For women, handgrip strength and relative handgrip strength were inversely associated with the risk of stress, but not of depressed mood and suicidal ideation. In conclusion, all muscle-strength indices were associated with mental health risks among older men. In older women, low handgrip strength and relative handgrip strength were associated with increased stress. Muscle strength could be a clinical marker of poor mental health in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Mi Noh
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Family Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 77 Sakju-ro, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24253, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jungun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bohannon RW. Grip Strength: An Indispensable Biomarker For Older Adults. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:1681-1691. [PMID: 31631989 PMCID: PMC6778477 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s194543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Grip strength has been proposed as a biomarker. Supporting this proposition, evidence is provided herein that shows grip strength is largely consistent as an explanator of concurrent overall strength, upper limb function, bone mineral density, fractures, falls, malnutrition, cognitive impairment, depression, sleep problems, diabetes, multimorbidity, and quality of life. Evidence is also provided for a predictive link between grip strength and all-cause and disease-specific mortality, future function, bone mineral density, fractures, cognition and depression, and problems associated with hospitalization. Consequently, the routine use of grip strength can be recommended as a stand-alone measurement or as a component of a small battery of measurements for identifying older adults at risk of poor health status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Bohannon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Campbell University, Lillington, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|