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Niveditha M, Kasana R, Barua AR, Barthakur M, Undela K. Assessment of disease pattern and drug utilization among neurology intensive care unit patients in a developing country: an observational analysis. Hosp Pract (1995) 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38781014 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2024.2358747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the disease pattern and drug utilization among admitted patients in a tertiary-care hospital's neurology intensive care unit (neuro ICU). METHODS A prospective observational cohort study was conducted between August 2022 and January 2023. Patients of any age and gender admitted to the neuro ICU were included, but those who declined to participate were excluded. Demographics, clinical, and medication details were consistently gathered and maintained until discharge. The World Health Organization (WHO)/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) prescribing indicators and the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification/Defined Daily Dose (DDD) system were used to evaluate drug use. RESULTS A total of 516 patients were included, predominantly male (65.1%), with an average age of 54.62 ± 15.02 years. The most common diagnosis was stroke [72.3%, comprised of hemorrhagic (46.7%) and ischemic (25.6%)], followed by seizure disorders (6.6%), and central nervous system infections (5.4%). Patients received an average of 7.8 medications, 32.3% prescribed by generic name, 16.0% antibiotics, 74.1% injections, and 100% essential drugs. A (28.5%), C (19.2%), N (17.3%), J (19.2%), B (13.5%), and R (2.3%) were commonly prescribed ATC classes of medications. Number of DDDs was maximum for pantoprazole and furosemide. Based on discharged status, 41.0% were discharged on request, 24.8% against medical advice, 23.8% routine, and 10.2% mortality during hospitalization. CONCLUSION Our study reveals a high prevalence of hemorrhagic stroke, especially among men, diverging from global ischemic stroke trends. Irregular hypertension treatment is the primary cause, exacerbated by low healthcare knowledge in rural areas, where patients often discharge on request, probably due to poor socio-economic conditions. Urgent public awareness campaigns and further research are needed to address this elevated hemorrhagic stroke incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamidi Niveditha
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, India
| | - Ruby Kasana
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, India
| | - Amit Ranjan Barua
- Department of Neurology and Critical Care, Guwahati Neurological Research Centre (GNRC) Institute of Medical Science, North Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mausumi Barthakur
- Department of Neurophysiology, Guwahati Neurological Research Centre (GNRC) Institute of Medical Science, North Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Krishna Undela
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam, India
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Ali NH, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alnaaim SA, Hetta HF, Saad HM, Batiha GES. A Mutual Nexus Between Epilepsy and α-Synuclein: A Puzzle Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04204-6. [PMID: 38703341 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) is a specific neuronal protein that regulates neurotransmitter release and trafficking of synaptic vesicles. Exosome-associated α-Syn which is specific to the central nervous system (CNS) is involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Therefore, this review aimed to elucidate the possible link between α-Syn and epilepsy, and how it affects the pathophysiology of epilepsy. A neurodegenerative protein such as α-Syn is implicated in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies revealed that upregulation of α-Syn induces progressive neuronal dysfunctions through induction of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and inhibition of autophagy in a vicious cycle with subsequent development of severe epilepsy. In addition, accumulation of α-Syn in epilepsy could be secondary to the different cellular alterations including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, reduction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and progranulin (PGN), and failure of the autophagy pathway. However, the mechanism of α-Syn-induced-epileptogenesis is not well elucidated. Therefore, α-Syn could be a secondary consequence of epilepsy. Preclinical and clinical studies are warranted to confirm this causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif H Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, M.B.Ch.B, FRCP, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Jabir Ibn Hayyan Medical University, Al-Ameer Qu, P.O. Box 13, Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Saud A Alnaaim
- Clinical Neurosciences Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, 51744, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt.
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Jimmy N, Upadhya M, Jaison JM, Sidheque S, Sundaramurthy H, Nemichandra S, Paneyala S, Ramesh M, Sri Harsha C, Syed J, Pal N. A Clinical Pharmacist-led Approach on Reducing Drug Related Problems Among Patients with Neurological Disorders: An Interventional Study. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2023; 11:100302. [PMID: 37538991 PMCID: PMC10393785 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neurological disorders are common in the general population and the majority of patients have other chronic diseases, necessitating the use of multiple medications, which increases the incidence of drug-related problems (DRPs). Studies from different countries discovered an average of 0.29-1.45 DRPs per patient admitted into the neurology unit. Objectives To identify common DRPs and to evaluate the impact of clinical pharmacist's interventions in resolving the identified DRPs in patients with neurological disorders. Methods A prospective interventional study was conducted in the Department of Neurology in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Southern India, for a period of six months. Patients aged ≥18 years and had been hospitalized for >24 h, were intensively monitored until discharge for the occurrence of any DRPs and pharmacist interventions were provided. The identified DRPs were classified according to Hepler and Strand's Classification. Results A total of 310 prescriptions were reviewed, of which 174 patients (mean age 45.93 ± 2.49 years) experienced at least one DRP during their hospital stay. The average DRP per patient was found to be 1.75, with drug-drug interactions [254 (83%)] being the predominant DRPs, followed by adverse drug reactions [13 (4%)], and drug duplications [9 (3%)]. Most of the drug-drug interactions were pharmacokinetic [144 (56.69%)]. Hyponatremia [2 (15%)]; and nausea and vomiting [2 (15%)] were most commonly reported ADRs. All 306 DRPs involved active clinical pharmacist intervention, of which [275 (89.87%)] of pharmacists' interventions were accepted, which led to modification of the therapy. Conclusion Monitoring the use of drugs allowed the clinical pharmacist to detect DRPs and to suggest interventions that promote rational drug prescribing, therapy optimization and enhanced patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivya Jimmy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, Karnataka, India
| | - Meghana Upadhya
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, Karnataka, India
| | - Jesslyn Maria Jaison
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, Karnataka, India
| | - Shahal Sidheque
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, Karnataka, India
| | - Harsha Sundaramurthy
- Department of Neurology, JSS Medical College & Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru -15, Karnataka, India
| | - S.C. Nemichandra
- Department of Neurology, JSS Medical College & Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru -15, Karnataka, India
| | - Shasthara Paneyala
- Department of Neurology, JSS Medical College & Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru -15, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhan Ramesh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, Karnataka, India
| | - Chalasani Sri Harsha
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, Karnataka, India
| | - Jehath Syed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, Karnataka, India
| | - Nikita Pal
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, Karnataka, India
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Barretto M, D’souza N. Conceptualizing a Rehabilitation 'Model of Care' for Improving the Quality of Life of People with Parkinson's in India. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2023; 26:387-394. [PMID: 37970321 PMCID: PMC10645199 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_366_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the rise in the elderly population and predicted increase in age-related diseases like Parkinson's disease, as well as the treatment gaps in Low-and-Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), there is an urgent need to develop a culturally and socioeconomically viable Parkinson's model of care that would be multidisciplinary, replicable, affordable, and accessible to those who need it the most. We present here an outline of a rehabilitation model of care, which incorporates a standardized group therapy format, community-based Parkinson's Support Centers, collaboration with local stakeholders to ensure sustainability, and active engagement of People with Parkinson's (PwPs) and caregivers (CGs) in rehabilitation programs. This model of care incorporates a unique 16-session multi-disciplinary community rehabilitation module for PwPs and CGs which is evidence-based, easily deliverable by non-medical facilitators, relevant to PwPs and CGs, adaptable to different groups, practical and beneficial, and effective in a group - format. This rehabilitation model of care, encompassing the multidisciplinary rehabilitation module, holds promise for implementation in LMICs due to its dynamic nature, cost-effectiveness, community-based approach and easy adaptability to telehealth platforms. We share our experience of developing the model and outline implications for practice and insights about community rehabilitation work in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Barretto
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorder Society, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nicole D’souza
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorder Society, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Firdoos S, Dai R, Tahir RA, Khan ZY, Li H, Zhang J, Ni J, Quan Z, Qing H. In silico identification of novel stilbenes analogs for potential multi-targeted drugs against Alzheimer's disease. J Mol Model 2023; 29:209. [PMID: 37314512 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative syndrome, which adversely disturbs cognitive abilities as well as intellectual processes and frequently occurs in the elderly. Inhibition of cholinesterase is a valuable approach to upsurge acetylcholine concentrations in the brain and persuades the development of multi-targeted ligands against cholinesterases. METHODS The current study aims to determine the binding potential accompanied by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of stilbenes-designed analogs against both cholinesterases (Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) and neurotrophin targets for effective AD therapeutics. Docking results have shown that the WS6 compound exhibited the least binding energy - 10.1 kcal/mol with Acetylcholinesterase and - 7.8 kcal/mol with butyrylcholinesterase. The WS6 also showed a better binding potential with neurotrophin targets that are Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor, Neurotrophin 4, Nerve Growth Factor, and Neurotrophin 3. The tested compounds particularly WS6 revealed significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities through the comparative docking analysis with Fluorouracil and Melatonin as control drugs of antioxidants while Celecoxib and Anakinra as anti-inflammatory. The bioinformatics approaches including molecular docking calculations followed by the pharmacokinetics analysis and molecular dynamic simulations were accomplished to explore the capabilities of designed stilbenes as effective and potential leads. Root mean square deviation, root mean square fluctuations, and MM-GBSA calculations were performed through molecular dynamic simulations to extract the structural and residual variations and binding free energies through the 50-ns time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundas Firdoos
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceutical, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rongji Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceutical, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rana Adnan Tahir
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Younas Khan
- Department of Computer Science and IT, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhenzhen Quan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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Yarreiphang H, Vidyadhara DJ, Nambisan AK, Raju TR, Sagar BKC, Alladi PA. Apoptotic Factors and Mitochondrial Complexes Assist Determination of Strain-Specific Susceptibility of Mice to Parkinsonian Neurotoxin MPTP. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03372-1. [PMID: 37162724 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Identification of genetic mutations in Parkinson's disease (PD) promulgates the genetic nature of disease susceptibility. Resilience-associated genes being unknown till date, the normal genetic makeup of an individual may be determinative too. Our earlier studies comparing the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum of C57BL/6J, CD-1 mice, and their F1-crossbreds demonstrated the neuroprotective role of admixing against the neurotoxin MPTP. Furthermore, the differences in levels of mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins in the SN of parent strains imply effects on mitochondrial biogenesis. Our present investigations suggest that the baseline levels of apoptotic factors Bcl-2, Bax, and AIF differ across the three strains and are differentially altered in SN following MPTP administration. The reduction in complex-I levels exclusively in MPTP-injected C57BL/6J reiterates mitochondrial involvement in PD pathogenesis. The MPTP-induced increase in complex-IV, in the nigra of both parent strains, may be compensatory in nature. The ultrastructural evaluation showed fairly preserved mitochondria in the dopaminergic neurons of CD-1 and F1-crossbreds. However, in CD-1, the endoplasmic reticulum demonstrated distinct luminal enlargement, bordering onto ballooning, suggesting proteinopathy as a possible initial trigger.The increase in α-synuclein in the pars reticulata of crossbreds suggests a supportive role for this output nucleus in compensating for the lost function of pars compacta. Alternatively, since α-synuclein over-expression occurs in different brain regions in PD, the α-synuclein increase here may suggest a similar pathogenic outcome. Further understanding is required to resolve this biological contraption. Nevertheless, admixing reduces the risk to MPTP by favoring anti-apoptotic consequences. Similar neuroprotection may be envisaged in the admixed populace of Anglo-Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haorei Yarreiphang
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India
- Present address: Zoology Department, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - D J Vidyadhara
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India
- Present address: Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anand Krishnan Nambisan
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India
| | - Trichur R Raju
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India
| | - B K Chandrashekar Sagar
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, 560029, India
| | - Phalguni Anand Alladi
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India.
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, 560029, India.
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Modak A, Raju B, Jumah F, Pain M, Gupta G, Nanda A. A modern history of neurosurgery and neurology in India: lessons for the world. J Neurosurg 2022; 138:1467-1472. [PMID: 36152333 DOI: 10.3171/2022.7.jns22456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The compendia of medical knowledge of the great ancient Indian physicians Suśruta, Caraka, Jīvaka, and Vāgbhaṭa all attest to the practice of neurosurgery and neurology starting in the 1st millennium bce. Although a period of scientific stagnation ensued between the 12th and 20th centuries ce, Indian medical neurosciences once again flourished after India’s independence from British rule in 1947. The pioneers of modern Indian neurosurgery, neurology, and their ancillary fields made numerous scientific and clinical discoveries, advancements, and innovations that proved influential on a global scale. Most importantly, the efforts of Indian neurosurgeons and neurologists were unified at the national level through the Neurological Society of India, which was established in 1951 and enabled an unprecedented degree of collaboration within the aforementioned medical specialties. The growth and success of the Indian model bears several lessons that can be applied to other nations in order to garner better collaboration among neurosurgeons, neurologists, and physicians in related fields. Here, the authors elaborate on the origins, growth, and development of neurosurgery and neurology in India and discuss their current state in order to glean valuable lessons on interdisciplinary collaboration, which forms the basis of the authors’ proposal for the continued growth of societies dedicated to medical neurosciences across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Modak
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway; and
| | - Bharath Raju
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark
| | - Fareed Jumah
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark
| | - Margaret Pain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Anil Nanda
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark
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Sureshbabu S, Moosan H, Joseph M, Haseena CV, Lekshmi R, Naz A, Muralikrishnan VP, Mohanlal S, Alappat PJ, Tushar VP, Nayak D. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of epilepsy in Wayanad, Kerala. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 133:108762. [PMID: 35697588 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epilepsy is a common neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures. The aim of the study was to assess the level of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) in epilepsy in the district of Wayanad. METHODS This study was conducted among adults residing in Wayanad. This was a community-based door-to-door survey conducted among adults residing in Wayanad District between August 2021 and November 2021. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire included 23 items that could define the information on the level of knowledge and attitude toward epilepsy. RESULT A total of 394 subjects without epilepsy were included in this study. According to the results of this study, 68.8% of respondents were female and 85.3% of them had completed at least primary school education. 93.1% of participants had heard about epilepsy and 64.5% of participants were aware that epilepsy was a brain disorder. 30.5% of participants believed that a person with epilepsy could not get married. 73.9% of participants recommended allopathic treatment for epilepsy and only 9.9% of participants knew about surgical treatment option for epilepsy. CONCLUSION Despite having a good understanding of the disease, there is a general tendency in the population to consider patients with epilepsy as incapable of leading a normal life. The choice of modern treatment methods over traditional is also a positive aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Sureshbabu
- Department of Neurology, Aster MIMS, Calicut, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology, Aster Specialty Hospital, WIMS Meppadi, Wayanad, Kerala, India.
| | - Hisham Moosan
- Wayanad Instituted of Medical Sciences, WIMS Meppadi, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Merisin Joseph
- Department of Neurology, Aster MIMS, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - C V Haseena
- Department of Neurology, Aster MIMS, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - R Lekshmi
- Department of Neurology, Aster MIMS, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Aleema Naz
- Department of Neurology, Aster MIMS, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | | | - Smilu Mohanlal
- Department of Neurology, Aster MIMS, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Paul J Alappat
- Department of Neurology, Aster MIMS, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - V P Tushar
- Department of Neurology, Aster MIMS, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Dinesh Nayak
- Department of Neurology, Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, India
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Roy A, Banerjee R, Choudhury S, Chatterjee K, Mondal B, Dey S, Kumar H. Novel inflammasome and oxidative modulators in Parkinson's disease: A prospective study. Neurosci Lett 2022; 786:136768. [PMID: 35780939 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not clear. Yet, it seems likely that inflammation as well as oxidative stress plays a major role in the disease pathogenesis. Based on our previous findings, we aimed to investigate prospective changes in peripheral inflammasome and oxidative modulators in relation to the progression of motor symptoms and severity of PD. METHODS Levels of inflammatory and oxidative markers in the serum of PD patients and healthy controls were estimated by quantitative ELISA and spectrophotometric methods at the baseline and at the end of one year. RESULTS In PD patients, serum NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β levels increased significantly over a year, compared to the baseline. The average enzymatic activity of serum SOD1 was also augmented at one-year follow-up. Alongside these serummarker changes, the mean motorseverity of this patient cohort worsened over the time period. CONCLUSION This pioneering study identified a novel association of peripheral inflammatory and oxidative markers with the progression of PD. Correlation of these serum proteins with the central pathological changes in PD and disease severity in a prospective manner might be useful not only for prognostication, but for understanding disease mechanisms and for planning future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Roy
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, India; Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Rebecca Banerjee
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Supriyo Choudhury
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Koustav Chatterjee
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Banashree Mondal
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanjit Dey
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India; UGC Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and UGC Centre with Potential for Excellence in Particular Area (CPEPA), University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
| | - Hrishikesh Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences Kolkata, Kolkata, India.
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Zięba A, Stępnicki P, Matosiuk D, Kaczor AA. What are the challenges with multi-targeted drug design for complex diseases? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:673-683. [PMID: 35549603 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2072827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current findings on multifactorial diseases with a complex pathomechanism confirm that multi-target drugs are more efficient ways in treating them as opposed to single-target drugs. However, to design multi-target ligands, a number of factors and challenges must be taken into account. AREAS COVERED In this perspective, we summarize the concept of application of multi-target drugs for the treatment of complex diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, schizophrenia, diabetes, and cancer. We discuss the aspects of target selection for multifunctional ligands and the application of in silico methods in their design and optimization. Furthermore, we highlight other challenges such as balancing affinities to different targets and drug-likeness of obtained compounds. Finally, we present success stories in the design of multi-target ligands for the treatment of common complex diseases. EXPERT OPINION Despite numerous challenges resulting from the design of multi-target ligands, these efforts are worth making. Appropriate target selection, activity balancing, and ligand drug-likeness belong to key aspects in the design of ligands acting on multiple targets. It should be emphasized that in silico methods, in particular inverse docking, pharmacophore modeling, machine learning methods and approaches derived from network pharmacology are valuable tools for the design of multi-target drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Zięba
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Stępnicki
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Matosiuk
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka A Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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“Patterns of occurrence and management abilities of birth defects: A study from a highly urbanized coastal district of India”. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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12
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Skinner JW, Lee HK, Hass CJ. Evaluation of gait termination strategy in individuals with Essential Tremor and Parkinson's disease. Gait Posture 2022; 92:338-342. [PMID: 34920358 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gait termination (GT) is a challenging transitory task involving converting from a dynamic state of motion to a static state. These transitional locomotor tasks are particularly troublesome for populations with postural deficits, i.e., Parkinson's disease (PD) and Essential Tremor (ET). They demand greater postural control and intricate integration of the neuromuscular system. The mechanisms involved in GT in these populations have not been well studied despite the safety concerns and potential risk for falls. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the different control strategies utilized during GT between individuals with ET and PD. METHODS Twenty-four individuals with ET (66 ± 8 yrs), twenty-four individuals with PD (64 ± 8 yrs), and twenty healthy older adults (HOA: 63 ± 9 yrs) participated in this study. Average self-selected gait velocity for each group was collected during the GT trial walking portion. Ground reaction force (GRF) data were used to calculate braking and propulsive forces from the last two steps during GT. GRF data measured the dynamic postural stability index (DPSI), defined as an individual's ability to maintain balance while transitioning from a dynamic to a stable state. RESULTS Persons with ET had a significantly slower approach velocity (0.63 m/s) when compared to HOA (0.92 m/s) and PD (0.77 m/s). Persons with PD had significantly slower approach velocity when compared to HOA. Examination of GRF data found that those with ET generated significantly smaller propulsive and braking forces (p < .05). Forces increased in those with PD and then even more in the HOA group. Postural stability analysis revealed that ET had significantly worse stability scores than PD and HOA (p < .05). CONCLUSION Individuals with PD and ET utilize different control strategies for planned GT, which suggests both the cerebellum and the basal ganglia play central yet potentially different roles in anticipatory control during self-directed activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared W Skinner
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA.
| | - Hyo Keun Lee
- Biomechanics Research Institute, Vector Bio, Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chris J Hass
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Gupta S, Sharma U. Metabolomics of neurological disorders in India. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 2:594-610. [PMID: 38715858 PMCID: PMC10989583 DOI: 10.1002/ansa.202000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Metabolomics is the comprehensive study of the metabolome and its alterations within biological fluids and tissues. Over the years, applications of metabolomics have been explored in several areas, including personalised medicine in diseases, metabolome-wide association studies (MWAS), pharmacometabolomics and in combination with other branches of omics such as proteomics, transcriptomics and genomics. Mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are the major analytical techniques widely employed in metabolomics. In addition, MS is coupled with chromatography techniques like gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) to separate metabolites before analysis. These analytical techniques have made possible identification and quantification of large numbers of metabolites, encompassing characterization of diseases and facilitating a systematic and rational therapeutic strategy based on metabolic patterns. In recent years, the metabolomics approach has been used to obtain a deeper insight into the underlying biochemistry of neurodegenerative disorders and the discovery of biomarkers of clinical implications. The current review mainly focuses on an Indian perspective of metabolomics for the identification of metabolites and metabolic alterations serving as potential diagnostic biomarkers for neurological diseases including acute spinal cord injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, tethered cord syndrome, spina bifida, stroke, Parkinson's disease, glioblastoma and neurological disorders with inborn errors of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Gupta
- Amity Institute of PharmacyAmity UniversityNoidaUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Uma Sharma
- Department of NMR & MRI FacilityAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
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Pandi S, Chinniah R, Sevak V, Ravi PM, Raju M, Vellaiappan NA, Karuppiah B. Association of HLA-DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 alleles and haplotype in Parkinson's disease from South India. Neurosci Lett 2021; 765:136296. [PMID: 34655711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, neurodegenerative motor disease exhibiting familial and sporadic forms. The present study was aimed to elucidate the association of HLA-DRB1*, DQA1* and DQB1* alleles with PD. A total of 105 PD patients and 100 healthy controls were typed by PCR-SSP method. We further carried out high-resolution genotyping for DQB1 and DQA1. Results revealed the increased frequencies of alleles DRB1*04 (OR = 2.36), DRB1* 13 (OR = 4.04), DQA1* 01:04:01 (OR = 4.51), DQB1*02:01 (OR = 2.66) and DQB1*06:03 (OR = 2.65) in PD patients suggesting susceptible associations. Further, decreased frequencies observed for alleles DRB1*10 (OR = 0.34), DRB1*15 (OR = 0.44), DQA1*04:01 (OR = 0.28), DQA1*06:01 (OR = 0.11) and HLA-DQB1*05:01 (OR = 0.37) among patients have suggested protective associations. Significant disease associations were observed for two-locus haplotype such as DRB1*13-DQB1*06:03 (OR = 11.52), DQA1*01:041-DQB1*06:03 (OR = 16.50), DQA1*01:041-DQB1*05:02 (OR = 5.38) and DQA1*04:01-DQB1*06:03 (OR = 3.027). Protective associations were observed for haplotypes DRB1*10-DQB1*05:01 (OR = 0.21), DRB1*15-DQB1*06 (OR = 0.006), DQA1*04:01-DQB1*05:01 (OR = 0.400) and DQA1*04:01-DQB1*05:03 (OR = 0.196). The critical amino acid residue analyses have revealed strong susceptible association for the residues of DQB1 alleles such as: L26, S28, K71, T71 and A74, Y9, S30, D37, I37, A38, A57 and S57; and for the residues of DQA1 alleles such as: C11, F61, I74, and M76. Similarly, amino acid residues such as A13, G26, Y26, A71, S74, L9 and V38 of HLA-DQB1 alleles and residues such as Y11, G61, S74 and L76 of DQA1 alleles showed protective associations. Thus, our study documented the susceptible and protective associations of DRB1*, DQB1 and DQA1 alleles and haplotypes in developing the disease and their influence on longevity of PD patients in south India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasiharan Pandi
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021, India
| | - Rathika Chinniah
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021, India
| | - Vandit Sevak
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021, India
| | - Padma Malini Ravi
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021, India
| | - Muthuppandi Raju
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021, India
| | | | - Balakrishnan Karuppiah
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021, India.
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Ram CVS, Kumar S, Renjen PN, Kumar GP, Swaminathan J, Reddy CR, Kondati S, Sharma M, Selvan VLA, Sundaram M, Vasudevan A, Lackland D. Risk factors predisposing to acute stroke in India: a prospective study. J Hypertens 2021; 39:2183-2189. [PMID: 34620808 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is an important neurological disorder with significant morbidity and mortality. In India, the risk factors for stroke (obesity, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, hypertension, and sedentary lifestyle) are mounting with economic growth and increasing the disease burden. OBJECTIVE To assess the severity and risk factors of stroke in India and identify any new predisposing factors. METHODS A multicentric (six tertiary care hospitals across India) prospective observational study (from September 2016 to July 2017) was conducted on 526 stroke patients, presenting within the first 24 h to examine the risk factors for ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Severity was determined using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). RESULTS Predominantly male (72.3%), 75% of the sample was >50 years old, with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 25.8 ± 4.3 kg/m2 and 14.6% obese patients. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the commonest comorbidities, followed by a history of ischemic heart disease and familial history of stroke. 20.5% of patients had mild strokes, 57.4% had moderate, 8.4% experienced moderate-severe strokes, whereas 7.2% had severe strokes. Regarding the admission diagnoses, 56.8% were ischemic, 18.6% were hemorrhagic, 1.1% had a transient ischemic attack, 6.6% suffered recurrent strokes, and 17% were other forms. CONCLUSION The foremost risk factors for stroke in India, hypertension and diabetes, need to be controlled and treated like other global high-risk populations for stroke prevention. The NIHSS scores highlight the relationship between risk factors and stroke severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Venkata S Ram
- Stroke Research Group, Apollo Group of Hospitals, Apollo Research & Innovations Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Stroke Research Group, Apollo Group of Hospitals, Apollo Research & Innovations Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pushpendra Nath Renjen
- Stroke Research Group, Apollo Group of Hospitals, Apollo Research & Innovations Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - G Praveen Kumar
- Stroke Research Group, Apollo Group of Hospitals, Apollo Research & Innovations Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jayanthi Swaminathan
- Stroke Research Group, Apollo Group of Hospitals, Apollo Research & Innovations Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - C Rajesh Reddy
- Stroke Research Group, Apollo Group of Hospitals, Apollo Research & Innovations Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sathyanarayana Kondati
- Stroke Research Group, Apollo Group of Hospitals, Apollo Research & Innovations Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mukesh Sharma
- Stroke Research Group, Apollo Group of Hospitals, Apollo Research & Innovations Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - V L Arul Selvan
- Stroke Research Group, Apollo Group of Hospitals, Apollo Research & Innovations Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Meenakshi Sundaram
- Stroke Research Group, Apollo Group of Hospitals, Apollo Research & Innovations Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Daniel Lackland
- World Hypertension League, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
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Varshney M, Kumar B, Rana VS, Sethiya NK. An overview on therapeutic and medicinal potential of poly-hydroxy flavone viz. Heptamethoxyflavone, Kaempferitrin, Vitexin and Amentoflavone for management of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: a critical analysis on mechanistic insight. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2749-2772. [PMID: 34590507 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1980761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders occur when nerve cells in the brain or peripheral nervous system partial or complete fail in their functions and sometimes even die due to some injuries or aging. Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD), have been majorly resulted due to degeneration of neurons and neuroinflammation progressively. There are many similarities that correlates both AD and PD on a cellular and sub-cellular level. Therefore, a hope for therapeutic advancement for simultaneous upgradation in both the diseases are directly depending on the discovery of common mechanism at molecular and cellular level. Recent and past evidences from scientific literature supporting the efficacy of plants flavonoids in treatment and protection of both AD and PD. Further, dietary flavones, specially Heptamethoxyflavone, Kaempferitrin, Vitexin and Amentoflavone gains recently much more attention for producing many health beneficiary effects including neuroprotection. Despite of these evidence a detailed updated overview of neuroprotective effects against both AD and PD by Heptamethoxyflavone, Kaempferitrin, Vitexin and Amentoflavone are still missing. In this context several published studies were assessed by using various online electronic search engines/databases to meet the objective from 1981 to 2021 (Approx. 224). Therefore, present review was designed to deliver the detailed description on these flavones including therapeutic benefits in AD, PD and other CNS complications with critical analysis on underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhavna Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, India
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Ganapathy K. Good Death in Neurological Practice. Neurol India 2021; 69:792-796. [PMID: 34507391 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.325314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Clinicians in neurological practice, particularly surgeons, encounter more deaths than most other specialists. Objective This communication reviews the literature on "good death" and extrapolates the observations and inferences to neurological practice. Changes in approaches to "good death" in the COVID-19 era (coronavirus disease 2019) are also discussed. Materials and Methods The author, over a 40-year period, has come across 2,500 deaths in a government, trust, and corporate hospital in Chennai, India. Retrospectively, the author questions if, in spite of his conservatism and obsession with quality of life, he should have taken proactive measures to also ensure a good quality of death. Results and Conclusion In the background of the lessons learned in a metro, across various socioeconomic groups and with varied access to technology, the author concludes that ensuring "good death" should also fall within the domain of neurologic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Ganapathy
- Department of Telemedicine, Apollo Telemedicine Networking Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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18
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Singh G, Sharma M, Kumar GA, Rao NG, Prasad K, Mathur P, Pandian JD, Steinmetz JD, Biswas A, Pal PK, Prakash S, Sylaja PN, Nichols E, Dua T, Kaur H, Alladi S, Agarwal V, Aggarwal S, Ambekar A, Bagepally BS, Banerjee TK, Bender RG, Bhagwat S, Bhargava S, Bhatia R, Chakma JK, Chowdhary N, Dey S, Dirac MA, Feigin VL, Ganguli A, Golechha MJ, Gourie-Devi M, Goyal V, Gupta G, Gupta PC, Gupta R, Gururaj G, Hemalatha R, Jeemon P, Johnson CO, Joshi P, Kant R, Kataki AC, Khurana D, Krishnankutty RP, Kyu HH, Lim SS, Lodha R, Ma R, Malhotra R, Malhotra R, Mathai M, Mehrotra R, Misra UK, Mutreja P, Naghavi M, Naik N, Nguyen M, Pandey A, Parmar P, Perianayagam A, Prabhakaran D, Rath GK, Reinig N, Roth GA, Sagar R, Sankar MJ, Shaji KS, Sharma RS, Sharma S, Singh R, Srivastava MVP, Stark BA, Tandon N, Thakur JS, ThekkePurakkal AS, Thomas SV, Tripathi M, Vongpradith A, Wunrow HY, Xavier D, Shukla DK, Reddy KS, Panda S, Dandona R, Murray CJL, Vos T, Dhaliwal RS, Dandona L. The burden of neurological disorders across the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2019. Lancet Glob Health 2021; 9:e1129-e1144. [PMID: 34273302 PMCID: PMC8295043 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(21)00164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A systematic understanding of the burden of neurological disorders at the subnational level is not readily available for India. We present a comprehensive analysis of the disease burden and trends of neurological disorders at the state level in India. METHODS Using all accessible data from multiple sources, we estimated the prevalence or incidence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for neurological disorders from 1990 to 2019 for all states of India as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019. We assessed the contribution of each neurological disorder to deaths and DALYs in India in 2019, their trends in prevalence or incidence and DALY rates over time, and heterogeneity between the states of India. We also assessed the Pearson correlation coefficient between Socio-demographic Index (SDI) of the states and the prevalence or incidence and DALY rates of each neurological disorder. Additionally, we estimated the contribution of known risk factors to DALYs from neurological disorders. We calculated 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for the mean estimates. FINDINGS The contribution of non-communicable neurological disorders to total DALYs in India doubled from 4·0% (95% UI 3·2-5·0) in 1990 to 8·2% (6·6-10·2) in 2019, and the contribution of injury-related neurological disorders increased from 0·2% (0·2-0·3) to 0·6% (0·5-0·7). Conversely, the contribution of communicable neurological disorders decreased from 4·1% (3·5-4·8) to 1·1% (0·9-1·5) during the same period. In 2019, the largest contributors to the total neurological disorder DALYs in India were stroke (37·9% [29·9-46·1]), headache disorders (17·5% [3·6-32·5]), epilepsy (11·3% [9·0-14·3]), cerebral palsy (5·7% [4·2-7·7]), and encephalitis (5·3% [3·7-8·9]). The crude DALY rate of several neurological disorders had considerable heterogeneity between the states in 2019, with the highest variation for tetanus (93·2 times), meningitis (8·3 times), and stroke (5·5 times). SDI of the states had a moderate significant negative correlation with communicable neurological disorder DALY rate and a moderate significant positive correlation with injury-related neurological disorder DALY rate in 2019. For most of the non-communicable neurological disorders, there was an increase in prevalence or incidence from 1990 to 2019. Substantial decreases were evident in the incidence and DALY rates of communicable neurological disorders during the same period. Migraine and multiple sclerosis were more prevalent among females than males and traumatic brain injuries were more common among males than females in 2019. Communicable diseases contributed to the majority of total neurological disorder DALYs in children younger than 5 years, and non-communicable neurological disorders were the highest contributor in all other age groups. In 2019, the leading risk factors contributing to DALYs due to non-communicable neurological disorders in India included high systolic blood pressure, air pollution, dietary risks, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. For communicable disorders, the identified risk factors with modest contributions to DALYs were low birthweight and short gestation and air pollution. INTERPRETATION The increasing contribution of non-communicable and injury-related neurological disorders to the overall disease burden in India, and the substantial state-level variation in the burden of many neurological disorders highlight the need for state-specific health system responses to address the gaps in neurology services related to awareness, early identification, treatment, and rehabilitation. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; and Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.
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Mehndiratta MM, Aggarwal V. Neurological disorders in India: past, present, and next steps. LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2021; 9:e1043-e1044. [PMID: 34273299 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(21)00214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man Mohan Mehndiratta
- Department of Neurology, BLK-MAX Super Speciality Hospital, Max Healthcare, New Delhi 110005, India.
| | - Vasundhara Aggarwal
- Department of Neurology, Janakpuri Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
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20
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Mahmood A, Shah AA, Umair M, Wu Y, Khan A. Recalling the pathology of Parkinson's disease; lacking exact figure of prevalence and genetic evidence in Asia with an alarming outcome: A time to step-up. Clin Genet 2021; 100:659-677. [PMID: 34195994 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common and progressive neurodegenerative disease globally, with major symptoms like bradykinesia, impaired posture, and tremor. Several genetic and environmental factors have been identified but elucidating the main factors have been challenging due to the disease's complex nature. Diagnosis, prognosis, and management of such diseases are challenging and require effective targeted attention in developing countries. Recently, PD is growing rapidly in many crowded Asian countries as an alarming threat with inadequate knowledge of its prevalence, genetic architecture, and geographic distribution. This study gave an in-depth overview of the prevalence, incidence and genomic/genetics studies published so far in the Asian population. To the best of our knowledge, PD has increased significantly in several Asian countries, including China, South Korea, Japan, Thailand, and Israel over the past few years, requiring a greater level of care and attention. Genetic screening of families with PD at national levels and establishing an official database of PD cases are essential to get a comprehensive and conclusive view of the exact prevalence and genetic diversity of PD in the Asian population to properly manage and treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Mahmood
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Abid Ali Shah
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yiming Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Amjad Khan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat, Pakistan
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21
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Sarangi SC, Sopory P, Reeta KH. Chronic Neurological Disorders: Genetic and Epigenetic Markers for Monitoring of Pharmacotherapy. Neurol India 2021; 69:252-259. [PMID: 33904433 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.314522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Chronic neurological diseases are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. With increasing life expectancy in the developing world, the incidence and prevalence of these diseases are predicted to rise even further. This has also contributed to an increase in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for noncommunicable diseases. Treatment for such diseases also poses a challenge with multiple genetic and epigenetic factors leading to a varied outcome. Personalization of treatment is one way that treatment outcome/prognosis of disease can be improved, and pharmacogenomics plays a significant role in this context. Methodology This article reviewed the evidence pertaining to the association of genetic and epigenetic markers with major neurological disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD), which are a major source of burden among neurological disorders. Types of studies included are peer-reviewed original research articles from the PubMed database (1999-2018). Results This study compiled data regarding specific genetic and epigenetic markers with a significant correlation between the clinical diagnosis of the disease and prognosis of therapy from 65 studies. In a single platform, this review highlights the clues to some vital questions, such as why interferon beta (IFN-β) therapy fails to improve symptoms in all MS patients? why cholinesterase inhibitors fail to improve cognitive impairment in a subset of people suffering from AD? or why some individuals on levodopa (L-DOPA) for PD suffer from side-effects ranging from dyskinesia to hallucination while others do not? Conclusion This article summarizes the genetic and epigenetic factors that may either require monitoring or help in deciding future pharmacotherapy in a patient suffering from MS, AD, and PD. As the health care system develops and reaches newer heights, we expect more and more of these biomarkers to be used as pharmacotherapeutic outcome indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pranav Sopory
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - K H Reeta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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22
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Je G, Arora S, Raithatha S, Barrette R, Valizadeh N, Shah U, Desai D, Deb A, Desai S. Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease in Rural Gujarat, India. Neuroepidemiology 2021; 55:188-195. [PMID: 33951636 DOI: 10.1159/000515030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In India, there have been only few published studies of Parkinson's disease (PD) showing a wide range of prevalence. We conducted this study to determine the prevalence of PD in the rural population of Gujarat, in the western region of India. METHODS This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the villages of Anand, a district of Gujarat, India, between September 2019 and February 2020. This study used a multistep approach including a screening questionnaire and video recording followed by clinical examination by a neurologist, laboratory evaluation, and brain imaging to evaluate patients with PD. RESULTS A total population of 18,896 was screened. The overall crude prevalence of PD was 42.3 per 100,000, and the prevalence over the age of 60 was 308.9 per 100,000 which showed the trend of increasing disease prevalence with age. Their mean duration of illness was 39.3 ± 27.3 months, and more than half of patients with PD had multiple associated nonmotor symptoms and nearly one-third had comorbid anxiety or depression. Environmental factors are important in the pathogenesis of PD, but there was no clear association between patients with PD and certain variables including consumption of well water, exposure to pesticides or other toxins, smoking cigarettes, and drinking alcohol or coffee in our study. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed the current epidemiological data of PD from Gujarat, in western India. Further studies across different regions in India need to be encouraged for better understanding of PD prevalence in the Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goun Je
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Swati Arora
- Department of Extension Programmes, Charutar Arorgya Mandal, Shree Krishna Hospital, Bhaikaka University, Anand, India
| | - Shyamsundar Raithatha
- Department of Extension Programmes, Charutar Arorgya Mandal, Shree Krishna Hospital, Bhaikaka University, Anand, India.,Department of Community Medicine, Charutar Arorgya Mandal, Shree Krishna Hospital and Pramukhswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Anand, India
| | - Ryan Barrette
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Navid Valizadeh
- Department of Neurology, HonorHealth John C. Lincoln Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Utkarsh Shah
- Department of Community Medicine, Charutar Arorgya Mandal, Shree Krishna Hospital and Pramukhswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Anand, India
| | - Devangi Desai
- Department of Medicine, Charutar Arorgya Mandal, Shree Krishna Hospital and Pramukhswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Anand, India
| | - Anindita Deb
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Soaham Desai
- Department of Neurology, Charutar Arorgya Mandal, Shree Krishna Hospital and Pramukhswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Anand, India
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Lu MX, Liu ZX. The role of the P2X4 receptor in trigeminal neuralgia, a common neurological disorder. Neuroreport 2021; 32:407-413. [PMID: 33661807 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders, which include various types of diseases with complex pathological mechanisms, are more common in the elderly and have shown increased prevalence, morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, current therapies for these diseases are usually suboptimal or have undesirable side effects. This necessitates the development of new potential targets for disease-modifying therapies. P2X4R, a type of purinergic receptor, has multiple roles in neurological disorders. In this review, we briefly introduce a neurological disorder, trigeminal neuralgia and its' symptoms, etiology and pathology. Moreover, we focused on the role of P2X4R in neurological disorders and their related pathophysiologic mechanisms. Further studies of P2X4R are required to determine potential therapeutic effects for these pathophysiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xin Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University
| | - Zeng-Xu Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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Gowda GS, Manjunatha N, Kulkarni K, Bagewadi VI, Shyam RP, Basavaraju V, Ramesh MB, Nagabhushana SH, Kumar CN, Kulkarni GB, Math SB. A Collaborative Tele-Neurology Outpatient Consulation Service in Karnataka: Seven Years of Experience From a Tele-Medicine Center. Neurol India 2021; 68:358-363. [PMID: 32189705 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.280644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Neurology services in rural and semi-urban part of India are very limited, due to poor infrastructure, resources, and manpower. Tele-neurology consultations at a non-urban setup can be considered as an alternative and innovative approach and have been quite successful in developed countries. Therefore, an initiative to bridge this health gap through Tele-Medicine has been taken by the Government of India. Aim To study the sociodemographic and clinical profiles of patients who have received collaborative Tele-Neurology consultations from the Tele-Medicine Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru. Methodology We reviewed case files of such patients between December 2010 and March 2017. A total 189 collaborative tele-neurology outpatient consultations were provided through the Tele-Medicine Centre, located at a tertiary hospital-based research centre in southern India. Results The mean age of the patients was 39.6 (±19) years and 65.6% were aged between 19 to 60 years; 50.8% were male. The most common diagnosis was a seizure disorder in 17.5%, followed by cerebrovascular accident/stroke in 14.8%. Interestingly, 87.3% were found to benefit from tele-neurology consultations using interventions such as a change of medications in 30.1%, referral to a specialist for review in 15.8%, and further evaluation of illness and inpatient care for 7.93%. Conclusion This study has demonstrated the successful implementation of outpatient-based collaborative tele neurology consultation in Karnataka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guru S Gowda
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Narayana Manjunatha
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Karishma Kulkarni
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - R Ps Shyam
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinay Basavaraju
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunatha B Ramesh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Girish Baburao Kulkarni
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh Bada Math
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Mirpuri P, Chandra PP, Samala R, Agarwal M, Doddamani R, Kaur K, Ramanujan B, Chandra PS, Tripathi M. The development and efficacy of a mobile phone application to improve medication adherence for persons with epilepsy in limited resource settings: A preliminary study. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 116:107794. [PMID: 33578224 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Persons with epilepsy (PWE), especially those with limited education backgrounds from developing countries, are challenged by complicated medication regimens, debilitating seizures, and stigmatization in their daily life. Consequently, it is difficult for physicians to ensure medication adherence. This study validates a novel mobile application which was hypothesized to increase medication adherence and self-management skills in PWE. Created by medical professionals, the application included behavioral and educational components and was built to be easy-to-understand for those of socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds. METHODS This was a parallel, two-armed randomized controlled trial in which a total of 96 participants were enrolled from a Neurology Outpatient Department into a control standard care group and a mobile application group that used the smartphone application (app) in addition to the standard medical treatment. The app was intuitive and easy to understand for those coming from a socio-economically disadvantaged background. Medication adherence and self-efficacy were assessed with the Morisky Green and Levine Scale (MGLS) and the Epilepsy Self Efficacy Scale (ESES). Patients were reassessed 12 weeks later. Change in seizure frequency following administration of the application was a secondary outcome. RESULTS In an intent-to-treat analysis, the mobile application interventional group showed over a 60% increase in the proportion of medication adherence (P < 0.0001). The mean self-efficacy score for the mobile application group was increased from 269.5 to 289.75 (P < 0.0001). The control group showed no statistically significant increases in either the proportion adherent or mean self-efficacy scores. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrated the statistically significant performance of a mobile application in improving medication adherence and self-management skills in Indian persons with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Mirpuri
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Raghu Samala
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Agarwal
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Doddamani
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; MEG Facility, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, India
| | - Bhargavi Ramanujan
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - P Sarat Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Radhakrishnan S, Martin CA, Dhayanithy G, Reddy MS, Rela M, Kalkura SN, Sellathamby S. Hypoxic Preconditioning Induces Neuronal Differentiation of Infrapatellar Fat Pad Stem Cells through Epigenetic Alteration. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:704-718. [PMID: 33508941 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is considered a key factor in cellular differentiation and proliferation, particularly during embryonic development; the process of early neurogenesis also occurs under hypoxic conditions. Apart from these developmental processes, hypoxia preconditioning or mild hypoxic sensitization develops resistance against ischemic stroke in deteriorating tissues. We therefore hypothesized that neurons resulting from hypoxia-regulated neuronal differentiation could be the best choice for treating brain ischemia, which contributes to neurodegeneration. In this study, infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), an adipose tissue present beneath the knee joint, was used as the stem cell source. IFP-derived stem cells (IFPSCs) are totally adherent and are mesenchymal stem cells. The transdifferentiation protocol involved hypoxia preconditioning, the use of hypoxic-conditioned medium, and maintenance in maturation medium with α-lipoic acid. The differentiated cells were characterized using microscopy, reverse transcription PCR, real time PCR, and immunocytochemistry. To evaluate the epigenetic reprogramming of IFPSCs to become neuron-like cells, methylation microarrays were performed. Hypoxia preconditioning stabilized and allowed for the translocation of hypoxia inducible factor 1α into the nucleus and induced achaete-scute homologue 1 and doublecortin expression. Following induction, the resultant cells expressed neuronal markers neuron-specific enolase, neurofilament-light chain, growth associated protein 43, synaptosome associated protein 25, and β-III tubulin. The differentiated neural-lineage cells had functional gene expression pertaining to neurotransmitters, their release, and their receptors. The molecular signaling mechanisms regulated developmental neurogenesis. Furthermore, the in vitro physiological condition regulated neurotransmitter respecification or switching during IFPSC differentiation to neurons. Thus, differentiated neurons were fabricated against the ischemic region to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subathra Radhakrishnan
- National Foundation for Liver Research, Cell Laboratory, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chennai 600 044, India
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Catherine Ann Martin
- National Foundation for Liver Research, Cell Laboratory, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chennai 600 044, India
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
| | | | - Mettu Srinivas Reddy
- National Foundation for Liver Research, Cell Laboratory, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chennai 600 044, India
| | - Mohamed Rela
- National Foundation for Liver Research, Cell Laboratory, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chennai 600 044, India
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Krishnan L, Madankumar P. Oral health status of people with locomotor disability in India: A systematic review. SCIENTIFIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/sdj.sdj_40_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Gandhi MK, Raina SK, Bhardwaj A, Sood A. Prevalence of major neurological disorders in predominantly rural northwest India. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:4627-4632. [PMID: 33209774 PMCID: PMC7652177 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1048_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies based on hospital population, geographic isolates, smaller population, and focused groups provide valuable information on the pattern of diseases, but do not reflect on the true prevalence rates or the changing trends of disease over a period of time in different communities. The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and pattern of various neurological disorders in Himachal Pradesh. Methodology Study was carried out in urban and rural population of district Kangra of Himachal Pradesh. A proportional representation was given to each area in the allocation of sample size as per probability proportional to size (PPS) method using a two-phase design: 1) A screening phase and 2) a clinical evaluation phase. All subjects were screened and a subset (screen positive and 10% of screen negative) was identified for the detailed clinical evaluation after screening. A standardized screening battery (NIMHANS protocol) was used for this purpose. An individual was confirmed as a case of neurological disorder only after clinical evaluation. Results A total of 260 (out of 10,000 studied) individuals were found positive for neurological disorders yielding a crude prevalence of 2.6%. The crude prevalence for rural areas was found to be 2.28% (206/9000), whereas the crude prevalence in urban area was found to be 5.4% (54/1000). Migraine was the most common disorder. Conclusion In view of the high crude prevalence of major neurological disorders, there is a need to develop capacity among healthcare professionals regarding them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Gandhi
- Medical Officer, RIHFW, Chebb, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil K Raina
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College, Tanda, (HP), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Bhardwaj
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College, Tanda, (HP), Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Abhilash Sood
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Radhakrishan Government, Medical College, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Aggarwal A, Mathur A. Nexus between light and culture media on morphogenesis in Bacopa monnieri and saponin yield thereof. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05245. [PMID: 33102860 PMCID: PMC7569223 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri, a well-documented nootropic plant of high commercial global demand had been explored for its effect in alleviating other diseases and symptoms. This is primarily attributed to different phytocompounds present in the plant. One of the major constituents among them are saponins. However, variation in agro-climatic conditions and choice of germplasm often affect the growth rate and yield of phytocompounds that significantly impact the efficacy of the plant and its extract. Tissue culture has been attempted to improve the yield of phytocompounds but is often restricted by higher cost and scalability. Current study explores the role of commercial hydroponic media ‘Leafy 200’ vis-à-vis Murashige and Skoog (MS) media, under different color and intensity of lights, on plant morphogenesis, biomass and saponin yield. Blue light induced more shoot differentiation than normal white light. Statistical studies performed using fractional factorial design showed no significant variations in the yield of saponins among the extracts. The study suggests that hydroponic culture to be a sustainable solution and possible substitute to tissue culture that may be exploited for scalable cultivation of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Noida, A-10, Sector-62, Noida, 201309, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashwani Mathur
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Noida, A-10, Sector-62, Noida, 201309, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Pattnaik SJ, Prasad RK, Jyotirmay, Pani P, Nishant, Kumar S. Yoga as a holistic approach for stress management in Oral Cancer patients. A prospective study. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:4200-4204. [PMID: 33110832 PMCID: PMC7586542 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_612_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Oral cancer has been ranked as the sixth most common cancer globally. It has been reported to be increasing in incidence especially, in the southern parts of Asia which chiefly includes, India. Diagnosis of oral cancer is followed by a vigorous and highly morbid treatment protocol which drastically impacts the patient's quality of life. This in turn can cause extreme stress in a person. This study aimed to assess the impact of the practice of Yoga on stress levels in cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 subjects diagnosed with oral cancer were selected for this study. Their stress levels were scored both before and after initiating the practice of Yogic exercises in a one-month interval using a questionnaire. Obtained scores were entered in Microsoft Excel 2007 worksheet and an unpaired t-test was applied. P values of less than 0.05 and 0.001 were considered statistically significant and extremely significant, respectively. Results: Study results showed a reduction in stress level scores (48 ± 0.99 to 37 ± 5.2) after adopting yoga for one month. An extremely significant P value of less than 0.001 was obtained. Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that yoga is an effective method in reducing stress levels in individuals diagnosed with oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarjeet J Pattnaik
- Department of Periodontics, Hi Tech Dental College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Jyotirmay
- Department of Orthodontics, Patna Dental College & Hospital, Bihar, India
| | - Pooja Pani
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Nishant
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
| | - Swatantra Kumar
- Department of Prosthodontics Crown & Bridge Implantology, Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
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Dhamija RK, Garg D. World Brain Day 2020 - Challenges and Opportunities in India. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2020; 24:1-2. [PMID: 33911368 PMCID: PMC8061519 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_660_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rajinder K Dhamija
- Department of Neurology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Divyani Garg
- Department of Neurology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
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32
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Desai D, Pethe P. Polycomb repressive complex 1: Regulators of neurogenesis from embryonic to adult stage. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:4031-4045. [PMID: 31608994 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Development of vertebrate nervous system is a complex process which involves differential gene expression and disruptions in this process or in the mature brain, may lead to neurological disorders and diseases. Extensive work that spanned several decades using rodent models and recent work on stem cells have helped uncover the intricate process of neuronal differentiation and maturation. There are various morphological changes, genetic and epigenetic modifications which occur during normal mammalian neural development, one of the chromatin modifications that controls vital gene expression are the posttranslational modifications on histone proteins, that controls accessibility of translational machinery. Among the histone modifiers, polycomb group proteins (PcGs), such as Ezh2, Eed and Suz12 form large protein complexes-polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2); while Ring1b and Bmi1 proteins form core of PRC1 along with accessory proteins such as Cbx, Hph, Rybp and Pcgfs catalyse histone modifications such as H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub1. PRC1 proteins are known to play critical role in X chromosome inactivation in females but they also repress the expression of key developmental genes and tightly regulate the mammalian neuronal development. In this review we have discussed the signalling pathways, morphogens and nuclear factors that initiate, regulate and maintain cells of the nervous system. Further, we have extensively reviewed the recent literature on the role of Ring1b and Bmi1 in mammalian neuronal development and differentiation; as well as highlighted questions that are still unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Desai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science (SDSOS), Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) deemed-to-be University, Mumbai, India
| | - Prasad Pethe
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International University (SIU), Pune, India
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Raju TR, Mohanakumar KP. Neural functions of the aging brain: Daily living, developmental and geriatric disabilities. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 95:1-5. [PMID: 30635101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal, microglial, astrocytic and oligodendrocytic functions of the brain are significantly affected during normal aging, and more so if inflicted with neurological diseases. Aging is a consistent risk factor for many neurodegenerative diseases that are sporadic in nature, whereas developmental neurological disabilities stem from errors in brain development. The neuronal functions are affected in both developmental disabilities and geriatric diseases. This special issue, is based on the two-days meeting at Thiruvanathapuram, India on 'Neural Functions of Aging Brain', which had several original presentations, as well as full reviews by neurobiologists and clinicians from India. Out of these, thirteen peer reviewed contributions are published in the present Special Issue of this Journal. This 'Foreword' is also a brief overview on the current scenario of neurobiology research on developmental disabilities and ageing in India based on the manuscripts included in the special issue, vis-s-vis the global scenario. Apparently, there is a void in geriatric and developmental neuroscience research in India since huge data mining and translation, concerted efforts on clinical neuroscience research, and consistent efforts on pure basic research resulting in 'first in the field' novelty are largely missing. Overall, Indian neuroscience excels in making meaningful relevance of contemporary discoveries in neuroscience and contributing towards advances in their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Raju
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, India 560029
| | - K P Mohanakumar
- Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Rubber Board P.O., Kottayam, Kerala - 686009, India.
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Balkrishna A, Thakur P, Varshney A. Phytochemical Profile, Pharmacological Attributes and Medicinal Properties of Convolvulus prostratus - A Cognitive Enhancer Herb for the Management of Neurodegenerative Etiologies. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:171. [PMID: 32194410 PMCID: PMC7063970 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Convolvulus prostratus Forssk., a nootropic herb used in traditional medicinal systems, is also frequently known by its taxonomic synonym Convolvulus pluricaulis. In Indian medicinal system - Ayurveda - it is named as Shankhpushpi. According to the ancient literature, this herb has been attributed with several therapeutic properties, such as anxiolytic, neuroprotective, antioxidant, analgesic, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and cardioprotective activities. This medicinal herb has been reported to contain many bioactive phytoconstituents, such as, alkaloid (convolamine), flavonoid (kaempferol) and phenolics (scopoletin, β-sitosterol and ceryl alcohol), that have been ascribed to the observed medicinal properties. Several research teams across the globe have highlighted the neuro-pharmacological profile of C. prostratus, wherein, the neuroprotective, nootropic and neuro-modulatory roles have been described. Besides, role of C. prostratus extracts in neurodegeneration has been well demonstrated. Despite of such elaborative preclinical pharmacological profile, detailed clinical investigations and mechanistic mode-of-action studies of this important herb are yet to be executed. The present review is attempted to showcase the phytochemical profile, pharmacological attributes and medicinal information of C. prostratus; with comprehensive research gap analysis. It is hoped that the scientific update on the ethnomedicinal aspects of this herb would thrive research propagation and development of the CNS phytopharmaceuticals, originated from C. prostratus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, India
| | - Pallavi Thakur
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, India
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Kalkonde Y, Deshmukh S, Gokhale C, Jacob M, Bang A. Stroke Happens Suddenly so It Cannot Be Prevented: A Qualitative Study to Understand Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices about Stroke in Rural Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, India. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2020; 11:53-62. [PMID: 32140004 PMCID: PMC7055643 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1700601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Strokes have emerged as one of the leading causes of deaths in rural India but people often remain uninformed about it. This study sought to understand knowledge, attitudes, and healthcare-seeking practices about strokes in rural Gadchiroli, India.
Methods
A total of 12 focus group discussions were conducted with 34 female and 43 male participants from six villages. Responses were audio recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed using inductive method of qualitative data analysis.
Results
Respondents correctly recognized many symptoms of stroke and were aware of the sudden onset of symptoms. They were unaware of transient ischemic attacks. After stroke, healthcare was sought from private physicians, and physicians in the government run district hospital, or traditional herbal providers depending upon the accessibility, affordability, and perceived effectiveness of the therapy. Most of the respondents thought that stroke is a serious disease associated with disability as well as death and its occurrence in the community is increasing. However, only a few participants could correctly state how stroke occurs and its risk factors. Furthermore, many participants thought that stroke cannot be prevented as it occurs suddenly without any warning.
Conclusion
Rural people in Gadchiroli were aware of symptoms of stroke but awareness about the etiology and the risk factors was low. Suddenness of symptoms was perceived as a key barrier to taking any preventive action. Understanding such perceptions and addressing them can help improve counseling of patients by physicians and effectiveness of behavioral change communication to prevent stroke in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogeshwar Kalkonde
- Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sona Deshmukh
- Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Charuta Gokhale
- Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mini Jacob
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Centre, San Antonio, Texas, United States
| | - Abhay Bang
- Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, India
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Rawat C, Kushwaha S, Sharma S, Srivastava AK, Kukreti R. Altered plasma prostaglandin E 2 levels in epilepsy and in response to antiepileptic drug monotherapy. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 153:102056. [PMID: 32007745 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a physiologically active lipid compound, is increased in several diseases characterized by chronic inflammation. To determine its significance in epilepsy-associated inflammation and response to antiepileptic drug (AED), we evaluated the plasma PGE2 (median, pg/ml) levels in drug-free patients with epilepsy (N = 34) and patients receiving AED monotherapy (N = 55) in addition to that in healthy controls (N = 34). When compared to controls, plasma PGE2 levels were significantly elevated in all drug-free patients independent of the type of epilepsy (137.2 versus 475.7 pg/ml, p < 0.0001). Among the patients receiving AED monotherapy, only valproate responders showed a significant decrease compared to both drug-free patients (232.1 versus 475.7 pg/ml, p < 0.01) as well as valproate non-responders (232.1 versus 611.9 pg/ml, p < 0.0001). Both responders and non-responders on phenytoin or carbamazepine monotherapy had elevated PGE2 levels similar to drug-free patients. In addition, no difference was observed in plasma profiles of PGE2 precursor, arachidonic acid among the groups. Our work presents the clinical evidence of the association between plasma PGE2 levels and valproate efficacy in patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Rawat
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India
| | - Suman Kushwaha
- Institute of Human Behavior & Allied Sciences (IHBAS), Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India
| | - Sangeeta Sharma
- Institute of Human Behavior & Allied Sciences (IHBAS), Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India
| | - Achal K Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India.
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Khalil H, Chahine LM, Siddiqui J, Salari M, El-Jaafary S, Aldaajani Z, Abu Al-Melh M, Mohammad TM, Abu Snineh M, Syed NA, Bhatt M, Habib MA, Habahbeh M, Tabbal SD, Jeon B, Bajwa JA. Parkinson's Disease in the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia: Consensus from the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force for the Middle East. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2020; 10:729-741. [PMID: 32176653 PMCID: PMC8203232 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-191751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the regional needs and available healthcare resources to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) is essential to plan appropriate future priorities. The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) Task Force for the Middle East was established to raise awareness and promote education across the region on PD and other movement disorders. Broadly, the task force encompasses the countries of the Middle East but has included North Africa and South Asia as well (MENASA). OBJECTIVE To create a list of needs and priorities in the advancement of PD in MENASA countries based on consensuses generated by the MDS task force for the Middle East. METHODS A Strengths Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) analysis was conducted by the task force members to generate consensus about PD care this region. RESULTS Eight overarching principles emerged for the consensus statement on current needs: more movement disorders specialists, multidisciplinary care, accurate epidemiologic data, educational programs, availability of drugs, and availability of more advanced therapy, enhanced health care resources and infrastructure, and greater levels of awareness within the general population and among health care professionals. CONCLUSION This pilot study sheds light on unmet needs for providing care to people with PD in the MENASA region. These data offer directions on priorities to increase awareness of PD, to develop better infrastructure for research and management of PD, to foster healthcare policy discussions for PD and to provide educational opportunities within these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Khalil
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Lana M. Chahine
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Junaid Siddiqui
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mehri Salari
- Department of Neurology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zakiyah Aldaajani
- Neurology Unit, King Fahad Medical Military Complex, Dahran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Mohit Bhatt
- Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital & Medical Research Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Mohammad Ahsan Habib
- Department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Majed Habahbeh
- Department of Medicine, Neurology Section, King Hussein Medical Centre, Amman, Jordan
| | - Samer D. Tabbal
- Department of Neurology, Parkinson & Movement Disorders Program, American University of Beirut Medical Centre, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jawad A. Bajwa
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Yadav T, Bhalerao G, Shyam AK. Factors affecting fear of falls in patients with chronic stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil 2019; 27:33-37. [PMID: 31847729 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2019.1658419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to find the factors associated with fear of falls in patients having chronic stroke.Methods: Inclusion criterion was subjects with cerebral stroke for more than 3 months. A structured interview of 82 subjects was conducted with a questionnaire with questions regarding personal factors such as gender, side affected, number of comorbidities, and setting of physical therapy sessions. Depression was assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-9, lower extremity motor function was assessed using Fugl-Meyer scale, and functional mobility was assessed using Timed Up and Go. Chi-square analysis was done on the above factors to find significant factors followed by logistic regression of the factors found significant in Chi square.Results: Lower extremity Fugl-Meyer score was significantly associated with fear of falls (p value 0.047 with Odds ratio of 1.136, 95% CI 1.002-1.287) in patients having chronic stroke while treatment factors, such as setting of physical therapy sessions, and personal factors, such as gender, side affected, number of comorbidities, depression, functional mobility, or use of walking aid, were not found to have significant association.Conclusion: The lower extremity Fugl-Meyer score is associated with fear of falls in patients having chronic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trishala Yadav
- Neuro Physiotherapy Department, Sancheti Institute College of Physiotherapy, Pune, India
| | - Gajanan Bhalerao
- Neuro Physiotherapy Department, Sancheti Institute College of Physiotherapy, Pune, India
| | - Ashok K Shyam
- Neuro Physiotherapy Department, Sancheti Institute for Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pune, India
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Haldar S, Ghosh S, Kumar V, Roy P, Lahiri D. The Evolving Neural Tissue Engineering Landscape of India. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:5446-5459. [PMID: 35021543 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The healthcare sector in India is witnessing unprecedented advancement. Tissue engineering has become an integral part of healthcare and medicine, particularly where treatments involve functional restoration of any injured or deceased part of the body. Not falling behind much with the progressing medical and healthcare sector of India, tissue engineering is also gaining momentum in the country. Out of several arenas of tissue engineering, India has made its mark in orthopedic and bone regeneration, cosmetic and skin regeneration, and very importantly neural regeneration. There are several articles reviewing the progress and prospects of orthopedic and skin regeneration research in India. However, there is no systematic review on progress, prospects, and pitfalls associated with neural tissue engineering in Indian context. The existing ones mainly focus on the technical advancements in the field from a global perspective. Therefore, it is worthwhile to have an organized look at the evolving neural tissue engineering landscape of India. This review will walk the readers systematically through different aspects of the topic. The review starts with an introduction to the nervous system to help readers appreciate the complexity that must be dealt with while engineering neural tissue. This is followed with a global picture of the neural tissue engineering, prominent research groups working on neural tissue engineering in India, factors that have and are currently molding the prospects of this field, and concluding with an overall perspective on present and future of neural tissue engineering in India.
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Sivasubbu S, Scaria V. Genomics of rare genetic diseases-experiences from India. Hum Genomics 2019; 14:52. [PMID: 31554517 PMCID: PMC6760067 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-019-0215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Home to a culturally heterogeneous population, India is also a melting pot of genetic diversity. The population architecture characterized by multiple endogamous groups with specific marriage patterns, including the widely prevalent practice of consanguinity, not only makes the Indian population distinct from rest of the world but also provides a unique advantage and niche to understand genetic diseases. Centuries of genetic isolation of population groups have amplified the founder effects, contributing to high prevalence of recessive alleles, which translates into genetic diseases, including rare genetic diseases in India.Rare genetic diseases are becoming a public health concern in India because a large population size of close to a billion people would essentially translate to a huge disease burden for even the rarest of the rare diseases. Genomics-based approaches have been demonstrated to accelerate the diagnosis of rare genetic diseases and reduce the socio-economic burden. The Genomics for Understanding Rare Diseases: India Alliance Network (GUaRDIAN) stands for providing genomic solutions for rare diseases in India. The consortium aims to establish a unique collaborative framework in health care planning, implementation, and delivery in the specific area of rare genetic diseases. It is a nation-wide collaborative research initiative catering to rare diseases across multiple cohorts, with over 240 clinician/scientist collaborators across 70 major medical/research centers. Within the GUaRDIAN framework, clinicians refer rare disease patients, generate whole genome or exome datasets followed by computational analysis of the data for identifying the causal pathogenic variations. The outcomes of GUaRDIAN are being translated as community services through a suitable platform providing low-cost diagnostic assays in India. In addition to GUaRDIAN, several genomic investigations for diseased and healthy population are being undertaken in the country to solve the rare disease dilemma.In summary, rare diseases contribute to a significant disease burden in India. Genomics-based solutions can enable accelerated diagnosis and management of rare diseases. We discuss how a collaborative research initiative such as GUaRDIAN can provide a nation-wide framework to cater to the rare disease community of India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Vinod Scaria
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, 110025, India.
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Khadilkar SV, Patil VA. Sex Hormones and Cognition: Where Do We Stand? J Obstet Gynaecol India 2019; 69:303-312. [PMID: 31391735 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-019-01223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis regulates the reproductive system. The overall health and wellbeing of a woman is subject to fluctuations in the sex hormones throughout her lifespan. Menopause, either natural or surgically induced, is often associated with cognitive complaints, especially memory disturbances. Sex hormones, besides affecting the reproductive function, affect the central nervous system in many ways. Here, we aim to review the role of sex hormones in cognition and the current evidence on use of or against menopausal hormonal therapy as a cognition enhancer in women with cognitive disturbances, including those with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish V Khadilkar
- Department of Neurology, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, New Marine Lines, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400020 India
| | - Varsha A Patil
- Department of Neurology, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, New Marine Lines, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400020 India
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Park HY, Lee JH, Lee SY, Yu DS, Han KD, Park YG, Lee YB. Risk for Parkinson's Disease in Patients with Behçet's Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Dynamic Cohort Study in Korea. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2019; 9:583-589. [PMID: 31227655 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-191622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several studies have reported a correlation between Behçet's disease (BD) and Parkinson's disease, this association has not yet been clarified. OBJECTIVE To determine the risk of Parkinson's disease in patients with BD. METHODS BD patients (n = 17,179; mean age, 51.12±8.09 years; male, 34.95%) without known previous diagnosis of Parkinson's disease were selected from the Korean National Health Insurance Database between 2010 and 2013. An age- and gender-matched control population of individuals without BD was randomly sampled at a ratio of 3:1 (n = 34,575). Both cohorts were followed for development of Parkinson's disease until 2015. RESULTS Among a total of 11,525 BD patients, 50 (0.43%) developed Parkinson's disease, whereas only 51 among the 34,575 individuals in the non-BD group developed Parkinson's (0.15%, P < 0.0001). The incidence of Parkinson's disease was significantly higher in BD patients than in controls. In addition, during the follow-up period, patients with BD were more likely to be diagnosed with Parkinson's disease than those in the non-BD group. CONCLUSIONS BD patients had a higher risk of Parkinson's disease compared to non-BD controls. Physicians should carefully monitor patients with BD for potential development of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Youn Park
- Department of Orthopedics, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bok Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ganapathy A, Mishra A, Soni MR, Kumar P, Sadagopan M, Kanthi AV, Patric IRP, George S, Sridharan A, Thyagarajan TC, Aswathy SL, Vidya HK, Chinnappa SM, Nayanala S, Prakash MB, Raghavendrachar VG, Parulekar M, Gowda VK, Nampoothiri S, Menon RN, Pachat D, Udani V, Naik N, Kamate M, Devi ARR, Mohammed Kunju PA, Nair M, Hegde AU, Kumar MP, Sundaram S, Tilak P, Puri RD, Shah K, Sheth J, Hasan Q, Sheth F, Agrawal P, Katragadda S, Veeramachaneni V, Chandru V, Hariharan R, Mannan AU. Multi-gene testing in neurological disorders showed an improved diagnostic yield: data from over 1000 Indian patients. J Neurol 2019; 266:1919-1926. [PMID: 31069529 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological disorders are clinically heterogeneous group of disorders and are major causes of disability and death. Several of these disorders are caused due to genetic aberration. A precise and confirmatory diagnosis in the patients in a timely manner is essential for appropriate therapeutic and management strategies. Due to the complexity of the clinical presentations across various neurological disorders, arriving at an accurate diagnosis remains a challenge. METHODS We sequenced 1012 unrelated patients from India with suspected neurological disorders, using TruSight One panel. Genetic variations were identified using the Strand NGS software and interpreted using the StrandOmics platform. RESULTS We were able to detect mutations in 197 genes in 405 (40%) cases and 178 mutations were novel. The highest diagnostic rate was observed among patients with muscular dystrophy (64%) followed by leukodystrophy and ataxia (43%, each). In our cohort, 26% of the patients who received definitive diagnosis were primarily referred with complex neurological phenotypes with no suggestive diagnosis. In terms of mutations types, 62.8% were truncating and in addition, 13.4% were structural variants, which are also likely to cause loss of function. CONCLUSION In our study, we observed an improved performance of multi-gene panel testing, with an overall diagnostic yield of 40%. Furthermore, we show that NGS (next-generation sequencing)-based testing is comprehensive and can detect all types of variants including structural variants. It can be considered as a single-platform genetic test for neurological disorders that can provide a swift and definitive diagnosis in a cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Ganapathy
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - Avshesh Mishra
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - Megha Rani Soni
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - Priyanka Kumar
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - Mukunth Sadagopan
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - Anil Vittal Kanthi
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - Irene Rosetta Pia Patric
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - Sobha George
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - Aparajit Sridharan
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - T C Thyagarajan
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - S L Aswathy
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - H K Vidya
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - Swathi M Chinnappa
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - Swetha Nayanala
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - Manasa B Prakash
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - Vijayashree G Raghavendrachar
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - Minothi Parulekar
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | | | | | - Ramshekhar N Menon
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | - Vrajesh Udani
- P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Neeta Naik
- EN1 Neuro Services Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Soumya Sundaram
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Preetha Tilak
- St. Johns Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Krati Shah
- ONE-Centre for Rheumatology and Genetics, Vadodara, India
| | - Jayesh Sheth
- FRIGE'S Institute of Human Genetics, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Frenny Sheth
- FRIGE'S Institute of Human Genetics, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pooja Agrawal
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - Shanmukh Katragadda
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - Vamsi Veeramachaneni
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - Vijay Chandru
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India.,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ramesh Hariharan
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India.,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ashraf U Mannan
- Strand Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Strand Life Sciences, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India.
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Hinokitiol Offers Neuroprotection Against 6-OHDA-Induced Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells by Downregulating mRNA Expression of MAO/α-Synuclein/LRRK2/PARK7/PINK1/PTEN Genes. Neurotox Res 2018; 35:945-954. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mansukhani KA, Barretto MA, Donde SA, Wandrekar J, Nigudkar A, Nair R. Epidemiological Survey of Neurological Diseases in a Tribal Population Cluster in Gujarat. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2018; 21:294-299. [PMID: 30532360 PMCID: PMC6238552 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_284_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There are few community-based neuroepidemiological studies based in tribal communities. This cross-sectional community-based study explored the prevalence rates of neurological disorders in the tribal region of Kaparada in Gujarat. Methodology: A two-stage methodology was used. Door-to-door surveys were conducted in the villages of Moti Vahiyal, Arnai, and Chavshala in Kaparada taluka in the Valsad district. Trained volunteers administered a questionnaire that assessed demographic details and common neurological symptoms in children and adults. Data were obtained from 8217 individuals from 1464 households using the questionnaire in stage 1. A number of 615 individuals reported at least one symptom. In stage 2, a team of neurologists conducted a medical camp to assess those “screened in” for neurological disorders. Results: The crude prevalence rate for neurological disorders in general was found to be 2592.19/100,000. The prevalence rates for lower motor neuron diseases were highest (1010.1), and the rates of epilepsy, movement disorders, stroke, vertigo, headaches, upper motor neuron diseases, and mental and behavioral disorders were found to be 255.6, 133.9, 109.53, 170.38, 511.4, 109.53, and 292.08/100,000, respectively. Age- and sex-specific rates and patterns varied for different disorders. Conclusion: The prevalence rates of most disorders were found to be lower than those reported elsewhere, but age and sex prevalence patterns were similar to existing research. Challenges in conducting such a study in a remote population are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria A Barretto
- CEO, Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Society, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sharmila A Donde
- Director-Community Development and Training, Neurology Foundation, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jagruti Wandrekar
- Research Consultant, Neurology Foundation, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Advaita Nigudkar
- Research Consultant, Neurology Foundation, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ridhi Nair
- Psychologist, Neurology Foundation, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Modi M, Singh R, Goyal MK, Gairolla J, Singh G, Rishi V, Thakur JS, Sehgal RK, Garg VK, Khandelwal N, Kharbanda PS, Prabhakar S, Lal V. Prevalence of Epilepsy and its Association with Exposure to Toxocara canis: A Community Based, Case-control Study from Rural Northern India. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2018; 21:263-269. [PMID: 30532354 PMCID: PMC6238566 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_384_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Many community-based and hospital-based studies across the world have yielded contradictory results regarding association of positive Toxocara canis serology and epilepsy. The present study was planned to analyze disease burden of epilepsy in rural community of North India and its association with exposure to T. canis in this part of the world. Methods: A door-to-door screening survey was carried out in the rural community using a validated questionnaire for epilepsy by trained field workers, which was finally confirmed by trained neurologists. The risk factors for epilepsy and for predisposing infections were also enquired. The results were compared with an equal number of age- and sex-matched healthy controls enrolled from the same community. Serologic evaluation was carried out to detect antibodies against T. canis. Results: A total of 41,973 persons from the rural community in 49 villages were enrolled in the study. Two hundred and eleven persons were confirmed to be suffering from active epilepsy, resulting in a crude prevalence of 5 per 1000 population. More than 50% of people with epilepsy were in the second or third decade of life. The prevalence of antibodies to T. canis was similar in people with epilepsy (13.7%; 29 of 211 individuals) and controls (9.95%; 21 of 211 individuals). Of the 151 persons with epilepsy, who underwent CT scan, 34 people (22.3%) had evidence of inflammatory granuloma, thereby confirming high incidence of this infestation in rural Northern India. Significance: Our study does not support the association between epilepsy and exposure to T. canis in rural Northern Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Modi
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Rajveer Singh
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Goyal
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Jitender Gairolla
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Neurology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Vivek Rishi
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - J S Thakur
- Department of Community Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - R K Sehgal
- Department of Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Garg
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Niranjan Khandelwal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Parampreet S Kharbanda
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Sudesh Prabhakar
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Vivek Lal
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
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Rule based classification of neurodegenerative diseases using data driven gait features. HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12553-018-0274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gourie-Devi M. Relevance of Neuroepidemiology: Burden of Neurological Disorders and Public Health Issues. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2018; 21:237-238. [PMID: 30532349 PMCID: PMC6238563 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_428_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Gourie-Devi
- Emeritus Professor of Neurology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, Senior Consultant Neurologist and Chairperson, Department of Neurophysiology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Shelley BP, Chacko TV, Nair BR. Preventing "Neurophobia": Remodeling Neurology Education for 21 st-Century Medical Students through Effective Pedagogical Strategies for "Neurophilia". Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2018; 21:9-18. [PMID: 29720792 PMCID: PMC5909159 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_371_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurology has a reputation, particularly as a complex "head-to-toe" discipline for undergraduate medical students. Neurophobia syndrome, a global phenomenon, fundamentally stems from pedagogical deficiencies during the undergraduate curriculum, the lack of vertical integration between basic neurosciences and clinical bedside neurology, the lack of clinical reasoning exercises, cognitive heuristics, and clinical problem-solving, errors in diagnostic competence, and hyposkilia. This ultimately results in poor clinical competence and proficiency in clinical neurology and causes attrition in nurturing a passion for learning the neurology discipline. This article explores plausible factors that contribute to the genesis of neurophobia and multifaceted strategies to nurture interest in neurosciences and provide possible solutions to demystify neurology education, especially the need for evidence-based educational interventions. Remodeling neurology education through effective pedagogical strategies and remedial measures, and using the Miller's pyramid, would provide a framework for assessing clinical competence in clinical bedside neurology. Technology-enhanced education and digital classrooms would undoubtedly stamp out neurophobia in medical students of the 21st century. It will not frighten off another generation of nonneurologist physicians to empower them to hone expertise in order to tackle the increasing burden of neurological disorders in India. Furthermore, promoting neurophilia would facilitate the next generation of medical students in pursuing career options in neurology which would be quintessential not only in closing India's looming neurologist workforce gap but also in fostering interest in research imperatives in the next generation of medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskara P Shelley
- Department of Neurology, Yenepoya (Deemed to be) University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Thomas V Chacko
- Dean Medical Education & Professor Community Medicine, Believers Church Medical College & Hospital, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Balakrishnan R Nair
- School of Medicine and Public Health Newcastle, Centre for Medical Professional Development, HNE Health, NSW, Australia
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Shah P, Yauney G, Gupta O, Patalano II V, Mohit M, Merchant R, Subramanian SV. Technology-enabled examinations of cardiac rhythm, optic nerve, oral health, tympanic membrane, gait and coordination evaluated jointly with routine health screenings: an observational study at the 2015 Kumbh Mela in India. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e018774. [PMID: 29678964 PMCID: PMC5914894 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Technology-enabled non-invasive diagnostic screening (TES) using smartphones and other point-of-care medical devices was evaluated in conjunction with conventional routine health screenings for the primary care screening of patients. DESIGN Dental conditions, cardiac ECG arrhythmias, tympanic membrane disorders, blood oxygenation levels, optic nerve disorders and neurological fitness were evaluated using FDA-approved advanced smartphone powered technologies. Routine health screenings were also conducted. A novel remote web platform was developed to allow expert physicians to examine TES data and compare efficacy with routine health screenings. SETTING The study was conducted at a primary care centre during the 2015 Kumbh Mela in Maharashtra, India. PARTICIPANTS 494 consenting 18-90 years old adults attending the 2015 Kumbh Mela were tested. RESULTS TES and routine health screenings identified unique clinical conditions in distinct patients. Intraoral fluorescent imaging classified 63.3% of the population with dental caries and periodontal diseases. An association between poor oral health and cardiovascular illnesses was also identified. Tympanic membrane imaging detected eardrum abnormalities in 13.0% of the population, several with a medical history of hearing difficulties. Gait and coordination issues were discovered in eight subjects and one subject had arrhythmia. Cross-correlations were observed between low oxygen saturation and low body mass index (BMI) with smokers (p=0.0087 and p=0.0122, respectively), and high BMI was associated with elevated blood pressure in middle-aged subjects. CONCLUSIONS TES synergistically identified clinically significant abnormalities in several subjects who otherwise presented as normal in routine health screenings. Physicians validated TES findings and used routine health screening data and medical history responses for comprehensive diagnoses for at-risk patients. TES identified high prevalence of oral diseases, hypertension, obesity and ophthalmic conditions among the middle-aged and elderly Indian population, calling for public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Shah
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory Yauney
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Otkrist Gupta
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vincent Patalano II
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Opthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mrinal Mohit
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rikin Merchant
- Department of Prosthodontics, Karmaveer Bhausaheb Hiray Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - S V Subramanian
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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