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Mayakrishnan V, Thirupathi A, Ramamoorthy K, Annadurai K, Prakasam R, Gu Y, Kim CY, Ramasamy M, Karimpanchola H, Kannappan P, Vijayakumar N, Venkatesan Kumari B, Singaravelu A. Chemical Composition Analysis and Assessment of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Crude Extract of Flueggea leucopyrus on Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema in Wistar Albino Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:976. [PMID: 39199223 PMCID: PMC11351626 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
A member of the Phyllanthaceae family, Flueggea leucopyrus is a well-known plant in the tribal areas of Sri Lanka, India's Shaurastra region, Australia, and Malaysia. This study provides information about Flueggea leucopyrus, a plant with a wide range of therapeutic uses in India. Different extracts from the leaves and roots of Flueggea leucopyrus were evaluated for their physical and chemical properties, preliminary phytochemical parameters, and pharmacological activities in the current study, followed by their fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The aqueous extract of Flueggea leucopyrus leaves and roots have more different phytochemical elements than other solvent extracts, according to physico-chemical tests and phytochemical screening. As a result, the FT-IR, GC-MS, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of an aqueous extract were tested. Studies on hind paw edemas caused by carrageenan in albino rats examined the mean increase in paw volume and the percentage inhibition in paw volume at various time points following the injection of carrageenan (1% w/v). In comparison to the norm, these inhibitions were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The aqueous extract of Flueggea leucopyrus leaves and roots have both antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, indicating that it has the potential to be used in the formulation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory medications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Mayakrishnan
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China; (V.M.); (A.T.); (Y.G.)
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Anand Thirupathi
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China; (V.M.); (A.T.); (Y.G.)
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Kavitha Ramamoorthy
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Kaliappan Annadurai
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University Centre for Post Graduate and Research Studies, Dharmapuri 635 205, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Radha Prakasam
- Siddha Medicinal Plants Garden, (Central Council for Research in Siddha, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India), Mettur Dam, Salem 636 401, Tamil Nadu, India; (R.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Research Academy of Medicine Combining Sports, Ningbo No 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China; (V.M.); (A.T.); (Y.G.)
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Choon Young Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mahadevi Ramasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Habeebmon Karimpanchola
- Siddha Medicinal Plants Garden, (Central Council for Research in Siddha, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India), Mettur Dam, Salem 636 401, Tamil Nadu, India; (R.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Priya Kannappan
- Department of Biochemistry, PSG College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641014, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Natesan Vijayakumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India; (N.V.); (B.V.K.)
| | - Bhuvaneshwari Venkatesan Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India; (N.V.); (B.V.K.)
| | - Anand Singaravelu
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha Engineering College (Autonomous), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India;
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Bernardette Martínez-Rizo A, Fosado-Rodríguez R, César Torres-Romero J, César Lara-Riegos J, Alberto Ramírez-Camacho M, Ly Arroyo Herrera A, Elizabeth Villa de la Torre F, Ceballos Góngora E, Ermilo Arana-Argáez V. Models in vivo and in vitro for the study of acute and chronic inflammatory activity: A comprehensive review. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 135:112292. [PMID: 38788446 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory conditions are among the principal causes of morbidity worldwide, and their treatment continues to be a challenge, given the restricted availability of effective and safe drugs. Thus, the identification of new compounds with biological activity that can be used for the treatment of inflammatory disorders is an essential field in medical and health research, in order to improve the health and quality of life of patients suffering from these diseases. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of drugs requires the implementation of models that accurately depict the biochemical and/or physiological responses that characterize human inflammation; for this reason, several in vitro and in vivo models have been developed, providing a platform for discovering novel or repurposed compounds. For this reason, in the present review we have selected twelve commonly used models for the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect, and extensively describes the difference between in vivo and in vitro models of inflammation, highlighting their advantages and limitations. On the other hand, the inflammatory mechanisms involved in them, the methods employed for their establishment, and the different parameters assessed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of a given compound are extensively discussed. We expect to provide a comprehensive guide for the improved selection of a suitable model for the preclinical evaluation of plausible anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abril Bernardette Martínez-Rizo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México; Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Unidad Académica de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Nayarit, México
| | - Ricardo Fosado-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Julio César Torres-Romero
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Julio César Lara-Riegos
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Mario Alberto Ramírez-Camacho
- Centro de Información de Medicamentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Ana Ly Arroyo Herrera
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | | | - Emanuel Ceballos Góngora
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Víctor Ermilo Arana-Argáez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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Dash R, Ray A, Mamidi P, De S, Mohapatra TK, Moharana AK, Mukherjee T, Ghosh S, Chattopadhyay S, Subudhi BB, Chattopadhyay S. Salicylic Acid Conjugate of Telmisartan Inhibits Chikungunya Virus Infection and Inflammation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:146-156. [PMID: 38222605 PMCID: PMC10785651 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
There is no approved antiviral for the management of the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). To develop an antiviral drug that can manage both CHIKV and arthritis induced by it, an ester conjugate of telmisartan (TM) and salicylic acid (SA) was synthesized (DDABT1). It showed higher potency (IC50 of 14.53 μM) and a good selectivity index [(SI = CC50/IC50) > 33]. On post-treatment of DDABT1, CHIKV infection was inhibited significantly by reducing CPE, viral titer, viral RNA, and viral proteins. Further, the time of addition experiment revealed >95% inhibition up to 4hpi indicating its interference predominantly in the early stages of infection. However, the late stages were also affected. This conjugate of SA and TM was found to increase the antiviral efficacy, and this might be partly attributed to modulating angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor type 1 (AT1). However, DDABT1 might have other modes of action that need further investigation. In addition, the in vivo experiments showed an LD50 of 5000 mg/kg in rats and was found to be more effective than TM, SA, or their combination against acute, subacute, and chronic inflammation/arthritis in vivo. In conclusion, DDABT1 showed remarkable anti-CHIKV properties and the ability to reduce inflammation and arthritis, making it a very good potential drug candidate that needs further experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudra
Narayan Dash
- Drug
Development and Analysis Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Amrita Ray
- Infectious
Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO square, Bhubaneswar 751023,Odisha, India
- Regional
Centre for Biotechnology, 121001 Faridabad, India
| | - Prabhudutta Mamidi
- Infectious
Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO square, Bhubaneswar 751023,Odisha, India
- Department
of Microbiology (VRDL), AIIMS, Sijua, Patrapada, Bhubaneswar 751019,Odisha, India
| | - Saikat De
- Infectious
Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO square, Bhubaneswar 751023,Odisha, India
- Regional
Centre for Biotechnology, 121001 Faridabad, India
| | - Tapas K Mohapatra
- Drug
Development and Analysis Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
- Nityananda
College of Pharmacy, Seragarh, Balasore, Odisha 756060, India
| | - Alok K Moharana
- Drug
Development and Analysis Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
- School
of
Pharmacy, Arka Jain University, Mohanpur, Jharkhand 832108, India
| | - Tathagata Mukherjee
- School
of Biological Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research, HBNI, 752050 Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Soumyajit Ghosh
- Infectious
Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO square, Bhubaneswar 751023,Odisha, India
- Regional
Centre for Biotechnology, 121001 Faridabad, India
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- School
of Biological Sciences, National Institute
of Science Education and Research, HBNI, 752050 Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bharat B Subudhi
- Drug
Development and Analysis Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Soma Chattopadhyay
- Infectious
Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO square, Bhubaneswar 751023,Odisha, India
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Zaib S, Saeed Shah H, Usman F, Shahzadi K, Mazhar Asjad H, Khan R, Dera AA, Adel Pashameah R, Alzahrani E, Farouk A, Khan I. Green Synthesis of Gelatin‐Lipid Nanocarriers Incorporating
Berberis aristata
Extract for Cancer Therapy; Physical Characterization, Pharmacological and Molecular Modeling Analysis. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology University of Central Punjab Lahore 54590 Pakistan
| | - Hamid Saeed Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Faisal Usman
- Department of Pharmaceutics Faculty of Pharmacy Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 66000 Pakistan
| | - Kiran Shahzadi
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology University of Central Punjab Lahore 54590 Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mazhar Asjad
- Department of Pharmacy Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) Lahore Pakistan
| | - Riffat Khan
- College of Pharmacy University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Ayed A. Dera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Adel Pashameah
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Applied Science Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 24230 Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Taif University P. O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abd‐ElAziem Farouk
- Department of Biotechnology College of Science Taif University P. O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology The University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN United Kingdom
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Monmai C, Choi J, Rod-in W, Lee TH, Park WJ. Development of fermented rice cake containing strawberry showing anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated macrophages and paw edema induced mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276020. [PMID: 36228005 PMCID: PMC9560629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) is one of the richest sources containing a wide variety of nutritive compounds. Anti-inflammatory activities of fermented rice cake made of strawberry powder as well as rice powder were evaluated. The fermented rice cake containing strawberry powder (SRC) significantly and dose-dependently inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells without cytotoxicity. Also, SRC effectively suppressed inflammatory gene expression, including iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. In addition, the production of PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was significantly reduced. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of SRC was investigated using carrageenan-induced paw edema of ICR mice. It was demonstrated that pre-orally administration of SRC at a dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg BW significantly inhibited paw edema induced by carrageenan. This study suggested that the anti-inflammation activities of strawberry rice cake give the potential for increasing the commercialization of rice cake and rice products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiwat Monmai
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Korea
| | - JeongUn Choi
- Department of Wellness-Bio Industry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Korea
| | - Weerawan Rod-in
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Korea
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Department of Power Plant, Korea Polytechnic College (Mokpo Campus), Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea
| | - Woo Jung Park
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Korea
- Department of Wellness-Bio Industry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Prostatic Therapeutic Efficacy of LENILUTS®, a Novel Formulation with Multi-Active Principles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091866. [PMID: 36145614 PMCID: PMC9506015 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTs) in men are usually associated to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a non-malignant prostate enlargement. Unfortunately, BPH etiology is still unclear. Recent works highlighted a relevant inflammation role in BPH onset and development. Consequently, to complement the 5-α reductase (and α-adrenergic receptor agonists-based therapy, an anti-inflammatory therapy should be devised. To reduce potential adverse effects of multi-drug treatment, plant extract-based therapies are becoming increasingly common. Serenoa repens, the main phytotherapic treatment for BPH, is not sufficient to front the multi-faceted etiology of BPH. In response to this, a novel, multiple phytotherapic agents-based formulation, LENILUTS®, was developed. In the present work, we compared, using an in vitro approach, the prostatic safety and efficacy of LENILUTS® with a commercial formulation, based only on Serenoa repens, and a 5αR inhibitor, Dutasteride. Furthermore, preliminary in vitro experiments to investigate the active principles, bioaccessibility and bioavailability of LENILUTS® were performed. Our results showed a better prostatic safety and therapeutic efficacy of LENILUTS® compared to the commercial formulation and Dutasteride, with increased anti-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic activity, and a stronger inhibitory effect on the release of the key enzyme 5αR and Prostatic-Specific Antigen (PSA). The limited bioaccessibility and bioavailability of the active principles of LENILUTS® were highlighted. Considering the results obtained, the LENILUTS® formulation is more promising for BPH and LUTs therapy compared to formulations based on Serenoa repens only, but further efforts should be made to improve the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of the active principles.
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Annan P, Osafo N, Ossei PPS, Boakye-Gyasi E, Abotsi WKM. The hydroethanolic root extract of Psydrax subcordata (DC.) Bridson exhibits antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in animal models. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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Balkrishna A, Verma S, Sakat S, Joshi K, Solleti SK, Bhattacharya K, Varshney A. Comprehensive Phytochemical Profiling of Polyherbal Divya-Kayakalp-Vati and Divya-Kayakalp-Oil and Their Combined Efficacy in Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis-Like Inflammation Through Regulation of Cytokines. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:293-312. [PMID: 35237058 PMCID: PMC8882669 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s342227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that varies in signs and symptoms in different individuals. General symptoms include dryness of the skin, itching, and development of red to brownish-gray patches. Divya-Kayakalp-Vati (DKV) and -Oil (DKO) are Indian polyherbal compositions prescribed for treating inflammatory skin diseases. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory efficacy of DKV and DKO co-treatment (DKV-O) in ameliorating Oxazolone (OXA)-stimulated AD-like inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in a Swiss albino mouse model. METHODS Phytochemical profiling of the DKV and DKO were done using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS) QToF. Swiss albino mice were sensitized for 7 days and treated with OXA in their ear region. Stimulated and control animals were orally treated with DKV and topically with DKO. Anti-inflammatory efficacy of DKV-O was determined in OXA-treated animals through physiological, histopathological, and biochemical parameter analysis. RESULTS DKV and DKO formulations individually contained 39 and 59 phytochemicals, respectively. Many of the phytochemicals have been reported to have anti-inflammatory activities. In the OXA-sensitized Swiss albino mice, combined treatment with DKV-O, and separately with Dexamethasone (positive control) significantly reduced the OXA-stimulated ear edema, biopsy weight, and epidermal thickness. DKV-O further reduced OXA-stimulated induction of inflammatory lesions, neutrophil influx, and release of Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and myeloperoxidase. CONCLUSION Finally, DKV-O co-treatment showed good pharmacological effects in ameliorating AD-like inflammation through the modulation of inflammatory cell influx and release of soluble mediators. Therefore, DKV-O treatment can be used as a suitable polyherbal therapeutic against AD-like inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali YogPeeth, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sudeep Verma
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sachin Sakat
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kheemraj Joshi
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Siva K Solleti
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kunal Bhattacharya
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali YogPeeth, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
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Bhat MN, Singh B, Surmal O, Singh B, Shivgotra V, Musarella CM. Ethnobotany of the Himalayas: Safeguarding Medical Practices and Traditional Uses of Kashmir Regions. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:851. [PMID: 34571728 PMCID: PMC8465354 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to enlist the medicinal plants used by the local inhabitants of developing countries such as India, and the district of Kupwara of the Kashmir Himalaya has been targeted. Our research is one of the first study focusing on the statistical evaluation of the cross-cultural analysis between three different communities i.e., Dard, Kashmiri and Gujjar, of the study area. Sampling was carried out in eight villages in 2017 to 2020, and data were collected from 102 informants based on walking transects, to collect plant specimens, and semi-structured interviews. The medical usages of all collected taxa were grouped into 15 disease categories and 81 biomedical ailments. In this study, we documented around 107 plant taxa belonging to 52 families from the local inhabitants of the Kashmir Himalaya, which regulate the livelihood of the people and support cultural ecosystem services. Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Ranunculaceae, Poaceae, Solanaceae, Polygonaceae, Plantaginaceae and Brassicaceae are the top most dominant families. Herbaceous groups of plants were more common than trees and shrubs, and 71.96% of herb taxa were employed as medicine. Liliaceae, Caprifoliaceae and Portulacaceae (FUV = 0.24 each) have the highest family use value (FUV). The most prominent family was Asteraceae (seven genera, nine taxa), followed by Rosaceae and Lamiaceae (six genera, six taxa each). Persicaria Mill., Rheum L., Aconitum L. and Artemisia L. were prominent genera. Valeriana jatamansi Jones ex Roxb. (47UR), Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don (45UR), Arisaema jacquemontii Blume (37UR), Asparagus racemosus Willd. (36UR) and Rumex acetosa L. (35UR) were the most important plant taxa with reference to use-reports. The ethnomedicinal applications of Aesculus indica Wall. ex Cambess., Solanum pseudocapsicum L., Ranunculus hirtellus Royle and Cormus domestica (L.) Spach plant taxa are reported here for the first time from the Himalayan Kashmiri people. We recommend further research on ethnopharmacological application of these newly recorded ethnobotanical plants. The medical usage of the plant was limited to different parts of the plant. In terms of the usage percentage, whole plant (26.17%), leaves (24.30%) and roots (19.63%) were found to have the highest utilization. The powder form (40.19%) was the most frequently employed method of drug/medicine preparation, followed by the utilization of extracted juice and/or other extracts (22.43%). The ICF values range from 0.85 to 1.00. Their use to remedy parasitic problems (PAR) and insect bites (IB) (ICF = 1.0 each) had the maximum consensus mentioned by the informants, although the number of taxa employed under this category was very limited. The different plant taxa used for the treatment of the gastrointestinal problems (GAS) was the most prominent disease category (262 URs, 16.19%, 25 taxa, ICF = 0.90). About 65% of the plant taxa studied is indigenous to the Asia or Himalayan regions, and around 35% is found to be exotic in nature. A strong positive correlation was found between age, gender, educational qualification and medicinal plant knowledge. No significant association was between people of different communities interviewed in terms of medical knowledge of the plants, p = 0.347 (>0.05) and χ2 = 2.120. No significant difference was found between the number of species documented concerning gender as p = 0.347 (>0.05) and χ2 =0.885. This study provides the comprehensive status of ethnomedicinal knowledge among three different communities of the study area. This study provided an impetus in discovering the baseline primary data for molecules which would help in drug discovery and management of various diseases, apart from conserving the genepool of plants in the investigated area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Nazir Bhat
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; (M.N.B.); (O.S.)
- Plant Sciences (Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bikarma Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; (M.N.B.); (O.S.)
- Botanic Garden Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Opender Surmal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; (M.N.B.); (O.S.)
- Plant Sciences (Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bishander Singh
- Department of Botany, Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara 802301, Bihar, India;
| | - Vijay Shivgotra
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Jammu, Baba Saheb Ambedkar Road, Jammu 180006, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Carmelo Maria Musarella
- Department of Agraria, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito Snc, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
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Ahmad S, Zahiruddin S, Parveen B, Basist P, Parveen A, Gaurav, Parveen R, Ahmad M. Indian Medicinal Plants and Formulations and Their Potential Against COVID-19-Preclinical and Clinical Research. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:578970. [PMID: 33737875 PMCID: PMC7962606 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.578970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cases of COVID-19 are still increasing day-by-day worldwide, even after a year of its first occurrence in Wuhan city of China. The spreading of SARS-CoV-2 infection is very fast and different from other SARS-CoV infections possibly due to structural differences in S proteins. The patients with severe diseases may die due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by systemic inflammatory reactions due to the excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by the immune effector cells. In India too, it is spreading very rapidly, although the case fatality rate is below 1.50% (https://www.statista.com), which is markedly less than in other countries, despite the dense population and minimal health infrastructure in rural areas. This may be due to the routine use of many immunomodulator medicinal plants and traditional AYUSH formulations by the Indian people. This communication reviews the AYUSH recommended formulations and their ingredients, routinely used medicinal plants and formulations by Indian population as well as other promising Indian medicinal plants, which can be tested against COVID-19. Special emphasis is placed on Indian medicinal plants reported for antiviral, immunomodulatory and anti-allergic/anti-inflammatory activities and they are categorized for prioritization in research on the basis of earlier reports. The traditional AYUSH medicines currently under clinical trials against COVID-19 are also discussed as well as furtherance of pre-clinical and clinical testing of the potential traditional medicines against COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2. The results of the clinical studies on AYUSH drugs will guide the policymakers from the AYUSH systems of medicines to maneuver their policies for public health, provide information to the global scientific community and could form a platform for collaborative studies at national and global levels. It is thereby suggested that promising AYUSH formulations and Indian medicinal plants must be investigated on a priority basis to solve the current crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Sultan Zahiruddin
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Bushra Parveen
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Parakh Basist
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Abida Parveen
- Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Minhaj Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
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Alamgeer, Uttra AM, Hasan UH. Anti-arthritic activity of aqueous-methanolic extract and various fractions of Berberis orthobotrys Bien ex Aitch. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:371. [PMID: 28720131 PMCID: PMC5516381 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1879-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The roots and stem bark of Berberis orthobotrys (Berberidaceae) have long been used traditionally to treat joint pain. Though, it has not been pharmacologically assessed for rheumatoid arthritis. The current study explores anti-arthritic activity and phytochemical analysis of aqueous-methanolic extract (30:70) and fractions (ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous) of Berberis orthobotrys roots. Methods Anti-arthritic potential was evaluated in vitro using protein denaturation (bovine serum albumin and egg albumin) and membrane stabilization methods at 12.5–800 μg/ml concentration and in vivo via turpentine oil, formaldehyde and Complete Freund Adjuvant (CFA) models at 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg doses. Also, in vitro antioxidant ability was appraised by reducing power assay. Moreover, total flavonoid content, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and High performance liquid chromatography of n-butanol fraction were performed. Results The results revealed concentration dependent inhibition of albumin denaturation and notable RBC membrane stabilization, with maximum results obtained at 800 μg/ml. Similarly, plant exhibited dose dependent anti-arthritic effect in turpentine oil and formaldehyde models, with maximum activity observed at 150 mg/kg. The results of CFA model depicted better protection against arthritic lesions and body weight alterations. Also, B.orthobotrys remarkably ameliorated altered hematological parameters, rheumatoid factor and positively modified radiographic and histopathological changes. Additionally, plant exhibited remarkable anti-oxidant activity. Moreover, phytochemical analysis revealed polyphenols and flavonoids. Conclusion Taken together, these results support traditional use of B.orthobotrys as potent anti-arthritic agent that may be proposed for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.
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Bhutkar MA, Bhinge SD, Randive DS, Wadkar GH. Hypoglycemic effects of Berberis aristata and Tamarindus indica extracts in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bfopcu.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kumar R, Gupta YK, Singh S, Patil A. Glorisa superba Hydroalcoholic Extract from Tubers Attenuates Experimental Arthritis by Downregulating Inflammatory Mediators, and Phosphorylation of ERK/JNK/p-38. Immunol Invest 2016; 45:603-18. [PMID: 27603689 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2016.1195406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glorisa superba (GS) is a medicinal plant that has been traditionally used in the treatment of joint pain and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The present study was carried out to investigate the antiarthritic activity of Glorisa superba hydroalcoholic extract (GSHE) in an adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model. Arthritis was induced by sub-plantar administration of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and GSHE (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 21 consecutive days. Joint diameter was measured on Days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21. GSHE dose dependently attenuates the increased joint diameter and serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α level following induction of arthritis by adjuvant. This attenuation was well substantiated with reduced mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB. Additionally, GSHE inhibited phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway as there was decreased protein expression of MAPK (p-p38/p38 and p-ERK/ERK p-JNK/JNK ratio). Moreover, GSHE in a dose-dependent fashion normalized the redox status of ankle joint (GSH, malonaldialdehyde [MDA], and NO levels and superoxide dismutase [SOD] and catalase [CAT] activities) and displayed decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in histopathological findings. Taken together, these findings indicate that GSHE protects against AIA by modulating MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- a Department of Pharmacology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) , New Delhi , India.,b Department of Pharmacology , Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Gupta
- a Department of Pharmacology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) , New Delhi , India
| | - Surender Singh
- a Department of Pharmacology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) , New Delhi , India
| | - Amol Patil
- b Department of Pharmacology , Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India
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