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Khan S, Ahmad N, Fazal H, Saleh IA, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Malik A, AbdElgayed G, Jalal A, Rauf K, Ali L, Ullah S, Niqabullah, Ahmad S. Exploring stevioside binding affinity with various proteins and receptors actively involved in the signaling pathway and a future candidate for diabetic patients. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1377916. [PMID: 39170696 PMCID: PMC11335537 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1377916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Background: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and is one of the main global health concerns. Synthetic sugar substrate has many side effects such as leukemia, bladder cancer, hepatotoxicity, breast cancer, headache, and brain toxicity. The WHO and FDA has recently banned some of the synthetic sugar alternatives due to their carcinogenic effects. Objective and Methodology: Therefore, the main objective of the current study was to investigate the safety and binding affinity of Stevioside with Glucose Transpoter-4 (GLUT-4), Akt, Insulin Receptor (IR) and Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 (IRS-1) to confirmed that Stevioside is one the potent natural sweetener/drug for diabetes. This study delves into the molecular interaction between Stevioside and key diabetic proteins: GLUT-4, Akt, IR and IRS-1. A precise molecular docking approach was used to simulate the binding affinity of Stevioside to these proteins. The pharmacokinetic properties of the molecule should be taken into consideration as important variables throughout the virtual screening process. Results: The result of active site analysis of GLUT-4, Akt, IR and IRS-1 showed a zone of 2158.359 Ǻ2, 579.259 Ǻ2, 762.651 Ǻ2, and 152.167 Ǻ2 and a volume of 2765.094 Ǻ³, 355.567 Ǻ³, 686.806 Ǻ³, and 116.874 Ǻ³, respectively. Docking analysis of the Stevioside compound showed the highest docking energy with scores of -9.9 with GLUT-4, -6.7 with Akt, -8.0 with IR and -8.8 with IRS-1. Studies indicated that it remains undigested by stomach acids and enzymes and is not absorbed in the upper small intestine. Further, tests revealed no hepatotoxicity, AMES toxicity, or skin sensitivity, making it a promising candidate for safe consumption as drug metabolism. Conclusion and Recommendations: Instead of other sugar alternatives, Stevioside will help diabetic patients with a lower chance of infections, lowered blood pressure/blood sugar, and increased glucose uptake in diabetic muscles. Stevioside is a natural sweetener, and the current study recommends its usage in various dietary products for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Khan
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Hina Fazal
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gehad AbdElgayed
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Arshad Jalal
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira, Brazil
| | - Kamran Rauf
- Department of Horticulture the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Niqabullah
- Department of General Medicine, Semey Medical University Kazakhstan, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
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Mughal TA, Ali S, Mumtaz S, Summer M, Saleem MZ, Hassan A, Hameed MU. Evaluating the biological (antidiabetic) potential of TEM, FTIR, XRD, and UV-spectra observed berberis lyceum conjugated silver nanoparticles. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:1286-1305. [PMID: 38351883 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a life-threatening disease that affects different parts of the body including the liver, kidney, and pancreas. The core root of diabetes is mainly linked to oxidative stress produced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Berberis lyceum Royle (BLR) is the source of natural products. It comprises numerous bioactive compounds having antioxidant activities. In the current investigation, silver nanoparticles from BLR root extract were synthesized, characterized, and assessed for antidiabetic potential. UV spectrophotometry, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied for the characterization of NPs. It was evident from the morphological studies that the synthesized NPs were spherical and the average size was 11.02 nm. Results revealed that BLR-AgNPs showed higher radical scavenging activity as compared to BLR extract. Moreover, BLR-AgNPs displayed superior in vivo and in vitro antidiabetic activity in comparison to BLR extract. Glucose level (116.5 ± 5.1 mg/dL), liver function test (ALAT: 54.038 ± 6.2 IU/L; ASAT: 104.42 ± 13.9 IU/L; ALP: 192.6 ± 2.4 IU/L; bilirubin: 1.434 ± 0.14 mg/dL; total protein: 5.14 ± 0.24 mg/dL), renal function test (urea: 39.6 ± 0.63 mg/dL; uric acid: 21.4 ± 0.94 mg/dL; creatinine: 0.798 ± 0.03 mg/dL; albumin: 4.14 ± 0.2 mg/dL), lipid profile level (cholesterol: 101.62 ± 3 mg/dL; triglyceride: 110.42 ± 7 mg/dL; HDL-C: 29.7 ± 3 mg/dL; LDL-C: 47.056 ± 1 mg/dL; VLDL-C: 22.0 ± 1.3 mg/dL) and hematology (WBCs: 3.82 ± 0.24 103 /μL; RBCs: 4.78 ± 0.42 106 /μL; Hb: 12.6 ± 1.0 g/dL; Hematocrit: 39.4 ± 3.7%; MCV: 65.8 ± 3 fL; platelets: 312 ± 22.4; neutrophils: 34.8 ± 1.87; eosinophils: 3.08 ± 0.43; monocytes: 3.08 ± 0.28; lymphocytes: 75.6 ± 3.77) confirmed the significant antidiabetic potential of BLR-AgNPs. Histopathological examination authenticated that BLR-AgNPs caused a significant revival in the morphology of the liver, kidney, and pancreas. Hence, findings of the study suggested the BLR-AgNPs as a potent antidiabetic agent and could be an appropriate nanomedicine to prevent diabetes in future. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Berberis lyceum extract as a reducing, capping, and stabilization agent for the BLR-AgNPs synthesis Evaluation of α-amylase inhibition, antioxidant, and α-glucosidase inhibition potential Thorough characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and UV-VIS spectrophotometer, which is 1st of its kind In-vivo antidiabetic activity evaluation through multiple biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafail Akbar Mughal
- Department of Zoology, Women University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Bagh, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Mumtaz
- Department of Zoology, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Summer
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair Saleem
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ali Hassan
- Medical Toxicology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Lahlou RA, Carvalho F, Pereira MJ, Lopes J, Silva LR. Overview of Ethnobotanical-Pharmacological Studies Carried Out on Medicinal Plants from the Serra da Estrela Natural Park: Focus on Their Antidiabetic Potential. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:454. [PMID: 38675115 PMCID: PMC11054966 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Serra da Estrela Natural Park (NPSE) in Portugal stands out as a well-preserved region abundant in medicinal plants, particularly known for their pharmaceutical applications in diabetes prevention and treatment. This comprehensive review explores these plants' botanical diversity, traditional uses, pharmacological applications, and chemical composition. The NPSE boast a rich diversity with 138 medicinal plants across 55 families identified as traditionally and pharmacologically used against diabetes globally. Notably, the Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families are prevalent in antidiabetic applications. In vitro studies have revealed their significant inhibition of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes, and certain plant co-products regulate genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and insulin secretion. In vivo trials have demonstrated antidiabetic effects, including glycaemia regulation, insulin secretion, antioxidant activity, and lipid profile modulation. Medicinal plants in NPSE exhibit various activities beyond antidiabetic, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-cancer, and more. Chemical analyses have identified over fifty compounds like phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and polysaccharides responsible for their efficacy against diabetes. These findings underscore the potential of NPSE medicinal plants as antidiabetic candidates, urging further research to develop effective plant-based antidiabetic drugs, beverages, and supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhia Aitfella Lahlou
- SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (R.A.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Filomena Carvalho
- SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (R.A.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Maria João Pereira
- CERENA/DER, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - João Lopes
- iMed.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, University of Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Luís R. Silva
- SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (R.A.L.); (F.C.)
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Singh H, Desimone MF, Pandya S, Jasani S, George N, Adnan M, Aldarhami A, Bazaid AS, Alderhami SA. Revisiting the Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles: Uncovering Influences of Plant Extracts as Reducing Agents for Enhanced Synthesis Efficiency and Its Biomedical Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4727-4750. [PMID: 37621852 PMCID: PMC10444627 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s419369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Conventional nanoparticle synthesis methods involve harsh conditions, high costs, and environmental pollution. In this context, researchers are actively searching for sustainable, eco-friendly alternatives to conventional chemical synthesis methods. This has led to the development of green synthesis procedures among which the exploration of the plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles experienced a great development. Especially, because plant extracts can work as reducing and stabilizing agents. This opens up new possibilities for cost-effective, environmentally-friendly nanoparticle synthesis with enhanced size uniformity and stability. Moreover, bio-inspired nanoparticles derived from plants exhibit intriguing pharmacological properties, making them highly promising for use in medical applications due to their biocompatibility and nano-dimension. Objective This study investigates the role of specific phytochemicals, such as phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and proteins, in plant-mediated nanoparticle synthesis together with their influence on particle size, stability, and properties. Additionally, we highlight the potential applications of these bio-derived nanoparticles, particularly with regard to drug delivery, disease management, agriculture, bioremediation, and application in other industries. Methodology Extensive research on scientific databases identified green synthesis methods, specifically plant-mediated synthesis, with a focus on understanding the contributions of phytochemicals like phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and proteins. The database search covered the field's development over the past 15 years. Results Insights gained from this exploration highlight plant-mediated green synthesis for cost-effective nanoparticle production with significant pharmacological properties. Utilizing renewable biological resources and controlling nanoparticle characteristics through biomolecule interactions offer promising avenues for future research and applications. Conclusion This review delves into the scientific intricacies of plant-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles, highlighting the advantages of this approach over the traditional chemical synthesis methods. The study showcases the immense potential of green synthesis for medical and other applications, aiming to inspire further research in this exciting area and promote a more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjeet Singh
- Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
| | - Martin F Desimone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Shivani Pandya
- Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
- Department of Forensic Science, PIAS, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
| | - Srushti Jasani
- Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
| | - Noble George
- Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
- Department of Forensic Science, PIAS, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdu Aldarhami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qunfudah Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah, 28814, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman S Bazaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman A Alderhami
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Arts in Almakhwah, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
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Singh J, Rasane P, Nanda V, Kaur S. Bioactive compounds of corn silk and their role in management of glycaemic response. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:1695-1710. [PMID: 37187994 PMCID: PMC10169954 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05442-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Management of glycaemic response is perhaps the most critical part of antidiabetic therapy. Hypoglycaemia is an avoidable complication caused by conventional drugs used in the treatment of diabetes. It triggers commonly during the intensification of anti-hyperglycemic therapy used to render glycemic control in diabetic patients. The commercial oral hypoglycaemic drugs, insulin, herbal medicines and plant extracts are therefore used as a part of the treatment of diabetes. The demand for treating diabetes, through herbal and plant resources is due to their lesser adverse reactions and better phytochemical benefits. Corn silk has been shown to have anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hypertensive effects when extracted in various solvents. Corn silk has medicinal characteristics and has long been used as a traditional medicine in many nations, although the mechanism of action is unknown. The hypoglycaemic effects of corn silk are investigated in this review. The phytochemical components present in corn silk-like flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, tannins, sterols, and alkaloids are phytochemical components that have hypoglycemic activity and a mechanism for lowering blood glucose levels. There is a lack of a homogenized database on the hypoglycemic properties of corn silk thus the present review attempts to critically analyse it and provide specific recommendations of its doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Singh
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Prasad Rasane
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Vikas Nanda
- Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sangrur, Punjab 148106 India
| | - Sawinder Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
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Relevance of Indian traditional tisanes in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:626-638. [PMID: 37181144 PMCID: PMC10172608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tisanes are a potential source of phytochemicals to reduce disease risk conditions and are used to protect from non-communicable diseases, globally. A few tisanes have gained more popularity than others depending on their chemical composition based on the geographical origin of the used herb. Several Indian tisanes have been claimed to have traits beneficial to people with or at a high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Under the concept, the literature was reviewed and compiled into a document to highlight the chemical uniqueness of popular Indian traditional tisanes to be more informative and potent as per modern medicine to overcome type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods An extensive literature survey was conducted using computerized database search engines, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and EMBASE (Excerpta Medica database) for herbs that have been described for hyperglycemia, and involved reaction mechanism, in-vivo studies as well as clinical efficacies published since 2001 onwards using certain keywords. Compiled survey data used to make this review and all findings on Indian traditional antidiabetic tisanes are tabulated here. Results Tisanes render oxidative stress, counter the damage by overexposure of free radicals to the body, affect enzymatic activities, enhance insulin secretion, etc. The active molecules of tisanes also act as anti-allergic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antithrombotic, antiviral, antimutagenicity, anti-carcinogenicity, antiaging effects, etc. WHO also has a strategy to capitalize on the use of herbals to keep populations healthy through effective and affordable alternative means with robust quality assurance and strict adherence to the product specification.
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Omale S, Amagon KI, Johnson TO, Bremner SK, Gould GW. A systematic analysis of anti-diabetic medicinal plants from cells to clinical trials. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14639. [PMID: 36627919 PMCID: PMC9826616 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes is one of the fastest-growing health emergencies of the 21st century, placing a severe economic burden on many countries. Current management approaches have improved diabetic care, but several limitations still exist, such as decreased efficacy, adverse effects, and the high cost of treatment, particularly for developing nations. There is, therefore, a need for more cost-effective therapies for diabetes management. The evidence-based application of phytochemicals from plants in the management of diseases is gaining traction. Methodology Various plants and plant parts have been investigated as antidiabetic agents. This review sought to collate and discuss published data on the cellular and molecular effects of medicinal plants and phytochemicals on insulin signaling pathways to better understand the current trend in using plant products in the management of diabetes. Furthermore, we explored available information on medicinal plants that consistently produced hypoglycemic effects from isolated cells to animal studies and clinical trials. Results There is substantial literature describing the effects of a range of plant extracts on insulin action and insulin signaling, revealing a depth in knowledge of molecular detail. Our exploration also reveals effective antidiabetic actions in animal studies, and clear translational potential evidenced by clinical trials. Conclusion We suggest that this area of research should be further exploited in the search for novel therapeutics for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Omale
- African Centre for Excellence in Phytomedicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Kennedy I. Amagon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Titilayo O. Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Shaun Kennedy Bremner
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gwyn W. Gould
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Akerele GP, Adedayo BC, Oboh G, Ademosun AO, Oyeleye SI. Glycemic indices and effect of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) flavored non-alcoholic wheat beer (NAWB) on key carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in high fat diet fed (HFD)/STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14511. [PMID: 36370433 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In a bid to make the use of functional food easier in the management and prevention of diseases, product development and fortification from/with functional foods have become the recent focus of research. This study, therefore, sought to exploit the recent trend in the brewing industry on the production of non-alcoholic beers by investigating the possibility of having a non-alcoholic beer flavored with bitter leaf, a known plant widely reported to have a strong hypoglycemic effect, as against the traditional use of hops, and the effect of the produced beer on the glycemic indices and various diabetic biochemical parameters that serve as biomarkers for type-2 diabetes (T2D). The glycemic indices, as well as the inhibitory potentials of bitter leaf-flavored Non-alcoholic wheat beer (NAWB) in ratios of 100%HP, 100%BL, 75:25BL, 50:50BL, and 25:75BL, on enzymes linked to a high-fat diet/streptozocin (HFD/STZ)-induced T2D albino Wistar rats were investigated. There were no significant difference (p > .05) between the starch (1.72-1.77 mg/100 mL), amylose (0.22-0.24 mg/100 mL), and amylopectin (1.49-1.53 mg/100 mL) contents of the various samples. The Glycemic Index (GI) of the samples ranged from 36 to 73 with 75:25Bl and 50:50BL have the lowest (36) values. The samples reduced blood glucose levels and inhibited pancreatic α-amylase, lipase, and intestinal α-glucosidase activity. The inhibitory potentials of these beer samples on α-amylase and α-glucosidase as well as their ability to reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic rats thus making the bitter leaf flavored NAWB a suitable healthy beverage for better glycemic control in diabetics. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study revealed the potential of producing non-alcoholic wheat beer flavored with bitter leaves as a possible substitute for hops. The potential inherent in bitter leaf in the management of type 2 diabetes can thus be made available through a far-reaching beverage medium such as non-alcoholic beer to help in the treatment/management of T2D. The results of this research could be an eye-opener to the possible utilization of bitter leaf and by extension other plants that have been reported in the management of T2D. The use of the bitter leaf as a substitute for hops in the production of non-alcoholic beer in the brewing industry could help in a health-oriented campaign for safe drinks that could be helpful in the control of blood glucose levels of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbenga P Akerele
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Bukola C Adedayo
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ayokunle O Ademosun
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Sunday I Oyeleye
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Amah CC, Joshua PE, Ekpo DE, Okoro JI, Asomadu RO, Obelenwa UC, Odiba AS. Ethyl acetate fraction of Fagara zanthoxyloides root-bark possess antidiabetic property against alloxan-induced diabetes and its complications in Wistar rat model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115259. [PMID: 35381308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fagara zanthoxyloides Lam., an African traditional medicinal plant, is used for treatment of malaria and diabetes. AIM To investigate the antidiabetic property of ethyl acetate fraction of F. zanthoxyloides root-bark (EAFFZRB) on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extraction, isolation, preliminary phytochemical analysis, and acute toxicity study of ethanol extract and fractions of F. zanthoxyloides root-bark were achieved using standard methods. Phyto-constituents in EAFFZRB were identified using HPLC technique. Forty-eight male Wistar rats (140-185 g) were randomized into 6 groups (n = 8). Groups 1 and 2 served as normal and negative controls, respectively. Diabetes was induced in test groups (2-6) using 150 mg/kg body weight (b.w) Alloxan monohydrate. Rats in groups 4-6 received of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg b.w. EAFFZRB orally, respectively, for 21 days. Group 3 rats received 5 mg/kg b.w Glibenclamide. The effect of EAFFZRB on alterations in hematological, biochemical, and histological indices of study rats were assessed. RESULTS Extraction of 3500 g ethanol extract yielded 15.71 g EAFFZRB. HPLC fingerprint of EAFFZRB indicated presence of luteolin, rutin, quercetin, apigenin, cinnamic acid and catechin. Diabetes triggered significant (p < 0.05) alterations in b.w., hematological, biochemical and histological indices of test rats relative to normal control. Treatment with EAFFZRB (LD50 = 3807.9 mg/kg b.w.) resulted in remarkable improvements in altered b.w. changes, hematological, biochemical and histological parameters of diabetic rats. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated the antidiabetic potential of EAFFZRB, providing scientific basis for traditional use of the plant in treatment of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Chijioke Amah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Parker Elijah Joshua
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Daniel Emmanuel Ekpo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Jacob Ikechukwu Okoro
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Rita Onyekachukwu Asomadu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Ursula Chidimma Obelenwa
- Department of Microbiology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
| | - Arome Solomon Odiba
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Research Centre for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
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Pucci M, Mandrone M, Chiocchio I, Sweeney EM, Tirelli E, Uberti D, Memo M, Poli F, Mastinu A, Abate G. Different Seasonal Collections of Ficus carica L. Leaves Diversely Modulate Lipid Metabolism and Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142833. [PMID: 35889791 PMCID: PMC9323846 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, adipogenesis dysfunction and metabolic disorders are common features in the elderly population. Thus, the identification of novel compounds with anti-adipogenic and lipolytic effects is highly desirable to reduce diabetes complications. Plants represent an important source of bioactive compounds. To date, the antidiabetic potential of several traditional plants has been reported, among which Ficus carica L. is one of the most promising. Considering that plant metabolome changes in response to a number of factors including seasonality, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether Ficus carica leaves extracts collected in autumn (FCa) and spring (FCs) differently modulate lipid metabolism and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The 1H-NMR profile of the extracts showed that FCs have a higher content of caffeic acid derivatives, glucose, and sucrose than FCa. In contrast, FCa showed a higher concentration of malic acid and furanocoumarins, identified as psoralen and bergapten. In vitro testing showed that only FCa treatments were able to significantly decrease the lipid content (Ctrl vs. FCa 25 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL and 80 μg/mL; p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, FCa treatments were able to downregulate the transcriptional pathway of adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In more detail, FCa 80 μg/mL significantly decreased the gene expression of PPARγ (p < 0.05), C/EBPα (p < 0.05), Leptin (p < 0.0001), adiponectin (p < 0.05) and GLUT4 (p < 0.01). In conclusion, this study further supports an in-depth investigation of F. carica leaves extracts as a promising source of active compounds useful for targeting obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Pucci
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Manuela Mandrone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (I.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Ilaria Chiocchio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (I.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Eileen Mac Sweeney
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Emanuela Tirelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Daniela Uberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Ferruccio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (I.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Andrea Mastinu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-030-371-7509
| | - Giulia Abate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (E.M.S.); (E.T.); (D.U.); (M.M.); (G.A.)
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Xu B, Li Z, Zeng T, Zhan J, Wang S, Ho CT, Li S. Bioactives of Momordica charantia as Potential Anti-Diabetic/Hypoglycemic Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:2175. [PMID: 35408574 PMCID: PMC9000558 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia L., a member of the Curcubitaceae family, has traditionally been used as herbal medicine and as a vegetable. Functional ingredients of M. charantia play important roles in body health and human nutrition, which can be used directly or indirectly in treating or preventing hyperglycemia-related chronic diseases in humans. The hypoglycemic effects of M. charantia have been known for years. In this paper, the research progress of M. charantia phytobioactives and their hypoglycemic effects and related mechanisms, especially relating to diabetes mellitus, has been reviewed. Moreover, the clinical application of M. charantia in treating diabetes mellitus is also discussed, hoping to broaden the application of M. charantia as functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilin Xu
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (B.X.); (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Zhiliang Li
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (B.X.); (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Ting Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China;
| | - Jianfeng Zhan
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (B.X.); (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (B.X.); (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Shiming Li
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China; (B.X.); (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (S.W.)
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
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12
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Singh SSB, Patil KN. Trans-ferulic acid attenuates hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and modulates glucose metabolism by activating AMPK signaling pathway in vitro. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14038. [PMID: 34981525 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a potent metabolic regulator and an attractive target for antidiabetic activators. Here we report for the first that, trans-ferulic acid (TFA) is a potent dietary bioactive molecule of hydroxycinnamic acid derivative for the activation of AMPK with a maximum increase in phosphorylation (2.71/2.67 ± 0.10; p < .001 vs. high glucose [HG] control) in hyperglycemia-induced human liver cells (HepG2) and rat skeletal muscle cells (L6), where HG suppresses the AMPK pathway. It was also observed that TFA increased activation of AMPK in a dose- and time-dependent manner and also increased the phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), suggesting that it may promotes fatty acid oxidation; however, pretreatment with compound C reversed the effect. In addition, TFA reduced the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) induced by hyperglycemia and subsequently increased the level of glutathione. Interestingly, TFA also upregulated the glucose transporters, GLUT2 and GLUT4, and inhibited c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK1/2) by decreasing the phosphorylation level in tested cells under HG condition. Our studies provide critical insights into the mechanism of action of TFA as a potential natural activator of AMPK under hyperglycemia. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives possess various pharmacological properties and are found to be one of the most ubiquitous groups of plant metabolites in almost all dietary sources. However, the tissue-specific role and its mechanism under hyperglycemic condition remain largely unknown. The present study showed that TFA is a potent activator of AMPK under HG condition and it could be used as a therapeutic agent against hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha S B Singh
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysore, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - K Neelakanteshwar Patil
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR-CFTRI), Mysore, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Stevioside Attenuates Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle by Facilitating IR/IRS-1/Akt/GLUT 4 Signaling Pathways: An In Vivo and In Silico Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247689. [PMID: 34946771 PMCID: PMC8707280 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the leading global health burden of this century majorly develops due to obesity and hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in skeletal muscles. Hence, developing novel drugs that ameliorate these pathological events is an immediate priority. The study was designed to analyze the possible role of Stevioside, a characteristic sugar from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) on insulin signaling molecules in gastrocnemius muscle of obesity and hyperglycemia-induced T2DM rats. Adult male Wistar rats rendered diabetic by administration of high fat diet (HFD) and sucrose for 60 days were orally administered with SIT (20 mg/kg/day) for 45 days. Various parameters were estimated including fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes and expression of insulin signaling molecules in diabetic gastrocnemius muscle. Stevioside treatment improved glucose and insulin tolerances in diabetic rats and restored their elevated levels of FBG, serum insulin and lipid profile to normalcy. In diabetic gastrocnemius muscles, Setvioside normalized the altered levels of lipid peroxidase (LPO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (OH*), antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPx and GSH) and molecules of insulin signaling including insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and Akt mRNA levels. Furthermore, Stevioside enhanced glucose uptake (GU) and oxidation in diabetic muscles by augmenting glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) synthesis very effectively in a similar way to metformin. Results of molecular docking analysis evidenced the higher binding affinity with IRS-1 and GLUT 4. Stevioside effectively inhibits oxidative stress and promotes glucose uptake in diabetic gastrocnemius muscles by activating IR/IRS-1/Akt/GLUT 4 pathway. The results of the in silico investigation matched those of the in vivo study. Hence, Stevioside could be considered as a promising phytomedicine to treat T2DM.
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Tshane LSL, Mashele SS, Matowane GR, Bonnet SL, Makhafola TJ, Noreljaleel AEM, Swain SS, Sekhoacha M, Chukwuma CI. Zinc(II) mineral increased the in vitro, cellular and ex vivo antihyperglycemic and antioxidative pharmacological profile of p-hydroxybenzoic acid upon complexation. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13609. [PMID: 33458829 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, zinc was complexed with p-hydroxybenzoic acid to synthesize a complex with improved pharmacological profile. Proton NMR and FTIR analysis were used to characterize the complex. Several in vitro, cellular and ex vivo antihyperglycemic and antioxidative assays were used to evaluate the potency of the complex, relative to its precursors, while molecular docking was used to investigate interactions with insulin signaling targets (GLUT-4 and PKB). Also, the cytotoxicity of the complex was evaluated in Chang liver cells and L-6 myotubes using MTT assay. Complexation was through a Zn(O4 ) coordination. This afforded the complex two moieties of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, which influenced its activities. While the complex retained the α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity of its phenolic acid precursor, complexation increased in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant activity of the phenolic acid by 1.4 to 10.5-folds. Complexation, further, conferred a potent antiglycation activity and L-6 myotube and psoas muscle glucose uptake properties (2.1 to 3.5-folds more than p-hydroxybenzoic acid) on the phenolic acid, without notably inhibiting or reducing the viability of Chang liver cells (IC50 = 5,120 μM) and L-6 myotubes (IC50 = 2,172 μM). Docking studies showed the complex had better interactions with insulin signaling targets (GLUT-4 and PKB) than p-hydrobenzoic acid, which may influence its glucose uptake effects. Data suggest that Zn(II) complexation improved and/or broadened the pharmacological profile of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, thus, may be further studied as a promising adjuvant for phenolic acids. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Most antidiabetic drugs are used as two or more combinations to achieve better efficacy, which may cause drug interaction and increase the risk of side effects associated with these drugs. This study takes advantage of the glycemic control property of zinc and the antioxidant and/or diabetes-related pharmacological properties of p-hydroxybenzoic acid to form a complex with improved and broader antioxidant and antihyperglycemic profile and minimal toxicity concerns. With appropriate further studies, Zn(II)-phenolic acid complexes may be safe nutraceuticals for diabetes and related oxidative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindah S L Tshane
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Samson S Mashele
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Godfrey R Matowane
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Susanna L Bonnet
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Tshepiso J Makhafola
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Anwar E M Noreljaleel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Shasank S Swain
- Division of Microbiology and NCDs, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Mamello Sekhoacha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Chika I Chukwuma
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Hafez MH, Elblehi SS, El-Sayed YS. Date palm fruit extract ameliorated pancreatic apoptosis, endocrine dysfunction and regulatory inflammatory cytokines in Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43322-43339. [PMID: 32737781 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current work studied the mechanism(s) and ability by which date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit extract (DPE) inspired a glucose-lowering impact in rats suffering from diabetes. Forty-eight albino rats were divided into six various experimental treatments after induction of diabetes by intraperitoneal infusion of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg bwt) as follows: normal control, DPE, diabetic control, diabetic glibenclamide (GLI), diabetic DPE, and diabetic GLI plus DPE-treated groups. In animals euthanized after 8 weeks, blood and pancreatic tissue samples were assembled to assess different biochemical and histopathological changes. The expressions of insulin, B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and cysteine aspartate-specific protease-3 (caspase-3) in islet β cells were also evaluated using immunohistochemical assessment. Diabetic rats exhibited hyperglycemia; increment of pancreatic malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation biomarker), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β); and decrement of plasma insulin and pancreatic antioxidants: glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase values. Also, the pancreatic islets exhibited histopathological and morphometric alternations associated with weak positive insulin and Bcl-2 immunoreactivity and strong positive caspase-3 immunoreactivity. DPE and/or GLI, an anti-diabetic drug, improved the pancreatic histoarchitecture and improved β cell function and structure, which increased insulin levels and improved the insulin, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 immunoreactivity in diabetic rats. Nevertheless, the combined DPE and GLI therapy revealed a significant recovery and restoration of β cells' structure and function. The date palm fruit has anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities and hypoglycemic effects, which in turn play a pivotal role in avoiding the progression of diabetes mellitus. Moreover, it could potentiate the glucose-lowering activity of anti-diabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona H Hafez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samar S Elblehi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
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Targeting type II diabetes with plant terpenes: the new and promising antidiabetic therapeutics. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Jaishree V, Narsimha S. Swertiamarin and quercetin combination ameliorates hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in wistar rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110561. [PMID: 32795923 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Swertiamarin (Sw) and quercetin (Qu) have been isolated from different plants and are reported for their antidiabetic activities. The plants from which swertiamarin and quercetin were isolated are also traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study is aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect of a combination of swertiamarin and quercetin (CSQ) on α-amylase in vitro and on streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes mellitus in vivo. METHODS Swertiamarin was isolated from the plant Enicostemma axillare and quercetin was procured in its pure form. Sw, Qu and CSQ were evaluated for in vitro α-amylase inhibitory activity. Based on the in vitro study results, CSQ was assessed for in vivo streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus in Wistar rats. The effect of CSQ on blood glucose levels, body weight, serum biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lipid peroxide levels were estimated. The histopathological observations of pancreatic tissues were also made. RESULTS The purity of swertiamarin was confirmed by HPLC. The results showed that CSQ was found to possess high percentage of inhibition in an in vitro α-amylase inhibitory study. In a STZ-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), body weight of rats in CSQ treated and control groups were unaltered. A marked reduction in the blood glucose levels was observed in the CSQ treated groups on 14th and 28th day. Decrease in the levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, total cholesterol and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level was observed in a dose dependant in CSQ treated groups. However, CSQ treated groups could significantly improve antioxidant protection by increasing the levels of serum GSH, SOD, Catalase and GPx and decreasing the levels of lipid peroxide (p < 0.05). In the histopathological study, the pancreatic islets of Langerhans and vacuolization have shown significant increase in both the treated groups. CONCLUSIONS The combination of swertiamarin and quercetin (CSQ) has proven a preventive and therapeutic effect against T2DM and suggests that this is a potential combination of phytoconstituents for excellent hypoglycemic activity in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Jaishree
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru, JSS AHER Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India.
| | - Shravan Narsimha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, B.G. Nagar, Karnataka, India
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Dewanjee S, Chakraborty P, Mukherjee B, De Feo V. Plant-Based Antidiabetic Nanoformulations: The Emerging Paradigm for Effective Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2217. [PMID: 32210082 PMCID: PMC7139625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a life-threatening metabolic syndrome. Over the past few decades, the incidence of diabetes has climbed exponentially. Several therapeutic approaches have been undertaken, but the occurrence and risk still remain unabated. Several plant-derived small molecules have been proposed to be effective against diabetes and associated vascular complications via acting on several therapeutic targets. In addition, the biocompatibility of these phytochemicals increasingly enhances the interest of exploiting them as therapeutic negotiators. However, poor pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical attributes of these phytochemicals largely restrict their clinical usefulness as therapeutic agents. Several pharmaceutical attempts have been undertaken to enhance their compliance and therapeutic efficacy. In this regard, the application of nanotechnology has been proven to be the best approach to improve the compliance and clinical efficacy by overturning the pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical obstacles associated with the plant-derived antidiabetic agents. This review gives a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the nanoformulations of phytochemicals in the management of diabetes and associated complications. The effects of nanosizing on pharmacokinetic, biopharmaceutical and therapeutic profiles of plant-derived small molecules, such as curcumin, resveratrol, naringenin, quercetin, apigenin, baicalin, luteolin, rosmarinic acid, berberine, gymnemic acid, emodin, scutellarin, catechins, thymoquinone, ferulic acid, stevioside, and others have been discussed comprehensively in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India;
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India;
| | - Biswajit Mukherjee
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India;
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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Aldhahrani A. Suadian Acacia Gerrardii: Antidiabetic Effect in Rats Suffering from Diabetic Nephropathy and DNA Fingerprinting Using ISSR. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:1162-1175. [PMID: 32981247 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.1162.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE There is a widespread use of medicinal herbs with beneficial uses against different diseased conditions. This study was carried out to identify and study the biological effect of Acacia gerrardii leaf extract on lowering blood sugar in rats suffering from diabetic nephropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS It studied the effects of leaf extract at concentrations ranging from 100-500 mg kg-1 b.wt. per day for 4 weeks. Serum glucose levels, total lipids profile and kidney functions were estimated. Plasma levels of sodium and potassium as well as total bilirubin levels were assessed and kidneys from different groups were histopathologically examined. RESULTS The results showed that leaves were rich in the major compounds of phenolic acids, including salicylic acid and flavonoids with reduction of total lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol in diabetic rats with renal failure together with reduction in uric acid, creatinine and urea with reduced vacuolar degeneration of tubules and basement membrane thickening. Additionally, the phylogenetic analysis using ISSR primers detected a genetic divergence among different samples. The results showed that the rich antioxidant content of Acacia gerrardii improved lipid, serum antioxidant and kidney function profiles in diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Acacia gerrardii could be used as a safe source of antioxidants. Moreover, the ISSR assay proved its usefulness in detecting genetic variations among different Acacia gerrardii samples.
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Therapeutic potential of ginsenosides on diabetes: From hypoglycemic mechanism to clinical trials. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Mustafa SB, Akram M, Muhammad Asif H, Qayyum I, Hashmi AM, Munir N, Khan FS, Riaz M, Ahmad S. Antihyperglycemic Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Selective Medicinal Plants Curcuma longa, Lavandula stoechas, Aegle marmelos, and Glycyrrhiza glabra and Their Polyherbal Preparation in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819852503. [PMID: 31191187 PMCID: PMC6539569 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819852503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder associated with relative or
absolute insulin deficiency or resistance, characterized by hyperglycemia.
Modern prescriptions such as pioglitazone have better therapeutic potential,
but its side effects and financial burden for developing countries have
motivated the researchers to find alternative natural drugs to compete
hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes. The present study was conducted to
explore the therapeutic potential of selected medicinal plants for the
treatment of diabetes as an alternative to allopathic medicines. Method: In present study, hydroalcoholic extracts of Curcuma longa,
Lavandula stoechas, Aegle marmelos,
and Glycyrrhiza glabra and their polyherbal preparation
(PHP) as compound drug were investigated for their antihyperglycemic
potential in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The study subjects (mice) were
divided into different groups as normal control, diabetic control,
pioglitazone treated (standard drug), test groups (plant extract treated 50,
100, and 150 mg/kg body weight), and PHP-treated group. Blood glucose
concentration of all the study animals was determined by Glucose strip test.
Qualitative phytochemical analysis of all the plant extracts was also
performed following standard methods. Result: It was investigated that treatment of alloxan-induced diabetic mice with
hydroalcoholic extracts of studied medicinal plants showed significant
(P < .05) effects on fasting blood glucose levels
(from baseline to normal range) in a manner comparable to that of the
reference drug, pioglitazone (1 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal). The
tested plant extracts significantly (P < .05) reduced
the glucose concentration in blood of diabetes-induced mice in a
dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: It could be concluded that studied medicinal plants have antihyperglycemic
activity. The study findings favor the use of traditional herbal medicinal
practices for the management of diabetes that might due to the presence of
bioactive phytoconstituents in plants. However, larger studies are required
to identify, isolate, and characterize the bioactive phytoconstituents
responsible for antihyperglycemic activity of studied medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sodah Bint Mustafa
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad-Pakistan, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Asif
- Department of Eastern Medicine, College of Conventional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad-Pakistan, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Qayyum
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Asif Mehmood Hashmi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Munir
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Said Khan
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Daniyan MO, Ojo OT. In silico identification and evaluation of potential interaction of Azadirachta indica phytochemicals with Plasmodium falciparum heat shock protein 90. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 87:144-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Sweet taste receptor inhibitors: Potential treatment for equine insulin dysregulation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200070. [PMID: 29958298 PMCID: PMC6025858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia is a major risk factor for equine laminitis, a debilitating and painful foot condition. Sweet taste receptor (T1R2/3) inhibitors have been used to reduce the insulin and glucose responses to oral carbohydrates in other species. However, their effect in horses has not been investigated. It would be useful to be able to attenuate the large post-prandial insulin response that typically occurs when a carbohydrate-rich meal is fed to insulin-dysregulated horses. Here we have determined the efficacy of two T1R2/3 inhibitors, lactisole and Gymnema sylvestre, for reducing glucose uptake by the equine small intestine in vitro; and post-prandial insulin secretion in ponies in vivo, following a carbohydrate-based meal. We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to measure 2-deoxyglucose uptake by explants of small intestine, in the presence and absence of the T1R2/3 inhibitors. Lactisole and G sylvestre reduced 2-deoxyglucose uptake by the intestinal explants by 63% (P = 0.032) and 73% (P = 0.047), respectively, compared to control samples. The study in vivo investigated the effect of the inhibitors on the blood glucose and serum insulin responses to a meal containing D-glucose. Three doses of each inhibitor were tested using a Latin square design, and each dose was compared to a meal with no inhibitor added. Lactisole had no effect on glucose and insulin concentrations, whereas G sylvestre was partially effective at reducing post-prandial blood glucose (by ~10%) and serum insulin concentrations (~25%) in seven ponies, with a most effective dose of 10 mg/kg bodyweight. These data provide preliminary support that T1R2/3 inhibitors may be a useful therapeutic strategy for the management of equine insulin dysregulation and the prevention of laminitis. However, further optimisation of the dose and delivery method for these compounds is required, as well as a direct investigation of their activity on the equine sweet taste receptor.
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Krawinkel MB, Ludwig C, Swai ME, Yang RY, Chun KP, Habicht SD. Bitter gourd reduces elevated fasting plasma glucose levels in an intervention study among prediabetics in Tanzania. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 216:1-7. [PMID: 29339109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus have become major health issues even in non-industrialized countries. As access to clinical management is often poor, dietary interventions and alternative medicines are required. For bitter gourd, Momordica charantia L., antidiabetic properties have been claimed. AIM OF THE STUDY The main objective of the intervention study was to assess antidiabetic effects of daily bitter gourd consumption of 2.5g powder over the course of eight weeks among prediabetic individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a randomized placebo-controlled single blinded clinical trial, 52 individuals with prediabetes were studied after consuming a bitter gourd or a cucumber juice. For reducing the impact of between subject differences in the study population, a crossover design was chosen with eight weeks for each study period and four weeks washout in between. Fasting plasma glucose was chosen as the primary outcome variable. RESULTS Comparing the different exposures, the CROS analysis (t=-2.23, p=0.031, r=0.326) revealed a significant difference in the change of FPG of 0.31mmol/L (5.6mg/dL) with a trend (R2=0,42387). The number of 44 finally complete data sets achieved a power of 0.82, with a medium-to-large effect size (Cohen's d 0.62). The effect was also proven by a general linear mixed model (estimate 0.31; SE: 0.12; p: 0.01; 95%CI: 0.08; 0.54). Not all participants responded, but the higher the initial blood glucose levels were, the more pronounced the effect was. No serious adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS Bitter gourd supplementation appeared to have benefits in lowering elevated fasting plasma glucose in prediabetes. The findings should be replicated in other intervention studies to further investigate glucose lowering effects and the opportunity to use bitter gourd for dietary self-management, especially in places where access to professional medical care is not easily assured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Krawinkel
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Wilhelmstrasse 20, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Christine Ludwig
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Wilhelmstrasse 20, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Mark E Swai
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, United Republic of Tanzania (MES).
| | - Ray-Yu Yang
- The World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg), P.O. Box 42, Shanhua, 74151 Tainan, Taiwan (ROC).
| | - Kwok Pan Chun
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Faculty of Social Science, Department of Geography, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sandra D Habicht
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Wilhelmstrasse 20, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; The World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg), P.O. Box 42, Shanhua, 74151 Tainan, Taiwan (ROC).
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Mahanine enhances the glucose-lowering mechanisms in skeletal muscle and adipocyte cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:101-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Wei BB, Chen ZX, Liu MY, Wei MJ. Development of a UPLC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Six Flavonoids in Rat Plasma after Administration of Maydis stigma Extract and Its Application to a Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study in Normal and Diabetic Rats. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081267. [PMID: 28758910 PMCID: PMC6152039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Maydis stigma is an important medicine herb used in many parts of the world for treatment of diabetes mellitus, which main bioactive ingredients are flavonoids. This paper describes for the first time a study on the comparative pharmacokinetics of six active flavonoid ingredients of Maydis stigma in normal and diabetic rats orally administrated with the decoction. Therefore, an efficient and sensitive ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of six anti-diabetic ingredients (cynaroside, quercetin, luteolin, isorhamnetin, rutin and formononetin) of Maydis stigma in rat plasma has been developed and validated in plasma samples, which showed good linearity over a wide concentration range (r2 > 0.99), and gave a lower limit of quantification of 1.0 ng·mL−1 for the analytes. The intra- and interday assay variability was less than 15% for all analytes. The mean extraction recoveries and matrix effect of analytes and IS from rats plasma were all more than 85.0%. The stability results showed the measured concentration for six analytes at three QC levels deviated within 15.0%. The results indicated that significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of the analytes were observed between the two groups of animals, whereby the absorptions of these analytes in the diabetic group were all significantly higher than those in the normal group, which provides an experimental basis for the role of Maydis stigma in anti-diabetic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Zai-Xing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Ming-Yan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Min-Jie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Sabiu S, Ajani EO, Sunmonu TO, Ashafa AOT. KINETICS OF MODULATORY ROLE OF Cyperus esculentus L. ON THE SPECIFIC ACTIVITY OF KEY CARBOHYDRATE METABOLIZING ENZYMES. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2017. [PMID: 28638866 PMCID: PMC5471481 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: The continuous search for new lead compounds as viable inhibitors of specific enzymes linked to carbohydrate metabolism has intensified. Cyperus esculentus L. is one of the therapeutically implicated botanicals against several degenerative diseases including diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: This study evaluated the antioxidant and mechanism(s) of inhibitory potential of aqueous extract of C. esculentus on α-amylase and α-glucosidase in vitro. The extract was investigated for its radical scavenging and hypoglycaemic potentials using standard experimental procedures. Lineweaver-Burke plot was used to predict the manner in which the enzymes were inhibited. Results: The data obtained revealed that the extract moderately and potently inhibited the specific activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. The inhibition was concentration-related with respective IC50 values of 5.19 and 0.78 mg/mL relative to that of the control (3.72 and 3.55 mg/mL). The extract also significantly scavenged free radicals and the effects elicited could be ascribed to its phytoconstituents. Conclusion: The respective competitive and non-competitive mode of action of the extract is due to its inhibitory potentials on the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Going forward, in addition to completely characterize the exact compound(s) responsible for the elicited activity in this study, pertinent attention will be given to the in vivo evaluation of the identified constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed Sabiu
- Phytomedicine, Food Factors and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria.,Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, Plant Sciences Department, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa campus, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Oladipo Ajani
- Phytomedicine, Food Factors and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
| | - Taofik Olatunde Sunmonu
- Plant and Environmental Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Anofi Omotayo Tom Ashafa
- Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, Plant Sciences Department, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa campus, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa
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Imran M, Nadeem M, Saeed F, Imran A, Khan MR, Khan MA, Ahmed S, Rauf A. Immunomodulatory perspectives of potential biological spices with special reference to cancer and diabetes. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2016.1259293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Department of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Imperial College of Business Studies, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Institute of Home & Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Moazzam Rafiq Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Khan
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub-campus, Burewala/Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Ahmed
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Ambar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Biological Importance of Cotton By-Products Relative to Chemical Constituents of the Cotton Plant. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22010093. [PMID: 28067842 PMCID: PMC6155835 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cultivated for over 7000 years, mainly for production of cotton fibre, the cotton plant has not been fully explored for potential uses of its other parts. Despite cotton containing many important chemical compounds, limited understanding of its phytochemical composition still exists. In order to add value to waste products of the cotton industry, such as cotton gin trash, this review focuses on phytochemicals associated with different parts of cotton plants and their biological activities. Three major classes of compounds and some primary metabolites have been previously identified in the plant. Among these compounds, most terpenoids and their derivatives (51), fatty acids (four), and phenolics (six), were found in the leaves, bolls, stalks, and stems. Biological activities, such as anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activities, are associated with some of these phytochemicals. For example, β-bisabolol, a sesquiterpenoid enriched in the flowers of cotton plants, may have anti-inflammatory product application. Considering the abundance of biologically active compounds in the cotton plant, there is scope to develop a novel process within the current cotton fibre production system to separate these valuable phytochemicals, developing them into potentially high-value products. This scenario may present the cotton processing industry with an innovative pathway towards a waste-to-profit solution.
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Domanico D, Fragiotta S, Cutini A, Carnevale C, Zompatori L, Vingolo EM. Circulating levels of reactive oxygen species in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and the influence of antioxidant supplementation: 6-month follow-up. Indian J Ophthalmol 2016; 63:9-14. [PMID: 25686055 PMCID: PMC4363979 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.151455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim was to evaluate circulating levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in central macular thickness (CMT) in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) after antioxidant supplementation. Materials and Methods: A total of 68 patients (68 eyes) with NPDR were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: Treated with antioxidant supplement (Group A) and untreated control group (Group B). Each tablet, for oral administration, containing pycnogenol 50 mg, Vitamin E 30 mg and coenzyme Q10 20 mg. CMT and free oxygen radical test (FORT) were analyzed at baseline (T0), 3 (T1) and 6 (T2) months in both groups. Results: In Group A, FORT levels and CMT were significantly reduced over time (P < 0.001 for both). In Group B, FORT levels were increased (P < 0.001) and CMT did not vary significantly (P = 0.81) over 3 time points. Conclusions: This is the first study showing the reduction of ROS levels in patients with NPDR thanks to antioxidant therapy. Moreover, our findings have suggested also an influence on retinal thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carmela Carnevale
- Department of Sense Organs UOC B, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Antidiabetic potential of bioactive molecules coated chitosan nanoparticles in experimental rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:63-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Venkateshbabu N, Anand S, Abarajithan M, Sheriff SO, Jacob PS, Sonia N. Natural Therapeutic Options in Endodontics - A Review. Open Dent J 2016; 10:214-26. [PMID: 27386007 PMCID: PMC4911752 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601610010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete eradication of microbial biofilms and elimination of the smear layer are the key factors during endodontic treatment. Various chemical irrigants have been proposed in the literature for the same. The major setback with these chemical irrigants is that they are not bio-friendly to the dental and peri-radicular tissues. In the recent years, research to use natural products for root canal disinfection has gained importance. The aim of this article is to compile various herbal products that have been used as an irrigants and intracanal medicaments in the field of Endodontics to eradicate the biofilm and remove smear layer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh Anand
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Penang International Dental College, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Sultan O Sheriff
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pulikkotil S Jacob
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nath Sonia
- Department of Periodontology, Vananchal Dental College, Garhwa, India
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Duraiswamy A, Shanmugasundaram D, Sasikumar CS, Cherian SM, Cherian KM. Development of an antidiabetic formulation (ADJ6) and its inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. J Tradit Complement Med 2016; 6:204-8. [PMID: 27419082 PMCID: PMC4936654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There has recently been much advancement in the diagnosis, treatment, and research of metabolic disorders, especially diabetes. Current research around the world is focused on finding an alternative source of treatment from natural resources for diabetic management, apart from the available synthetic medicines. The present study is a preliminary study of a polyherbal formulation using edible natural resources and an assessment of its antidiabetic activity. The formulation was screened for its phytochemical constituents, total phenols, flavonoids, and vitamin C content. It was also analyzed for its inhibitory effect against the digestive enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase, compared with the standard drug acarbose. The formulation showed the presence of major constituents such as steroids, cardiac glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, and saponins. It also had a high level of phenols (340 ± 2.5 mg/g), flavonoids (235.4 ± 8.3 mg/g), and vitamin C (470.8 ± 16.6 mg/g), and showed a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.41 ± 0.03 mg/mL and 0.51 ± 0.01 mg/mL for amylase and glucosidase, respectively. The results showed that ADJ6 had a significant inhibitory activity on α-amylase and α-glucosidase; however, its inhibitory activity was less than that of acarbose. The plants that are formulated in ADJ6 possess potent antidiabetic activity. Thus, we found that ADJ6 is a potent lead for effective diabetic management; however, an evaluation of the formulation must be illustrated using an in vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Duraiswamy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Frontier Mediville (A Unit of Frontier Lifeline and Dr. K. M. Cherian Heart Foundation), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devanand Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Frontier Mediville (A Unit of Frontier Lifeline and Dr. K. M. Cherian Heart Foundation), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Changam Sheela Sasikumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Frontier Mediville (A Unit of Frontier Lifeline and Dr. K. M. Cherian Heart Foundation), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjay M. Cherian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Frontier Lifeline Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sabiu S, O'Neill FH, Ashafa AOT. Kinetics of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of Zea mays Linnaeus (Poaceae), Stigma maydis aqueous extract: An in vitro assessment. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 183:1-8. [PMID: 26902829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Corn silk (Zea mays L., Stigma maydis) is an important herb used traditionally in many parts of the world to treat array of diseases including diabetes mellitus. Inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase offer an effective strategy to modulate levels of post prandial hyperglycaemia via control of starch metabolism. AIM OF THE STUDY This study evaluated α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potentials of corn silk aqueous extract. Active principles and antioxidant attributes of the extract were also analysed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The α-amylase inhibitory potential of the extract was investigated by reacting its different concentrations with α-amylase and starch solution, while α-glucosidase inhibition was determined by pre-incubating α-glucosidase with different concentrations of the extract followed by addition of p-nitrophenylglucopyranoside. The mode(s) of inhibition of the enzymes were determined using Lineweaver-Burke plot. RESULTS In vitro analysis of the extract showed that it exhibited potent and moderate inhibitory potential against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. The inhibition was concentration-dependent with respective half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 5.89 and 0.93mg/mL. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins and phytosterols as probable inhibitory constituents. Furthermore, the extract remarkably scavenges reactive oxygen species like DPPH and nitric oxide radicals, elicited good reducing power and a significant metal chelating attributes. CONCLUSION Overall, the non-competitive and uncompetitive mechanism of action of corn silk extract is due to its inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Consequently, this will reduce the rate of starch hydrolysis, enhance palliated glucose levels, and thus, lending credence to hypoglycaemic candidature of corn silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sabiu
- Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, QwaQwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa; Department of Microbial, Biochemical, and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - F H O'Neill
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical, and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - A O T Ashafa
- Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, QwaQwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa.
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Ma B, Tong J, Zhou G, Mo Q, He J, Wang Y. Coptis chinensis inflorescence ameliorates hyperglycaemia in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Hasan M, Mohieldein A. In Vivo Evaluation of Anti Diabetic, Hypolipidemic, Antioxidative Activities of Saudi Date Seed Extract on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:FF06-12. [PMID: 27134893 PMCID: PMC4843279 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/16879.7419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) is major fruit of gulf region. In folk medicine; dates have been traditionally use. The date seed is used as hypoglycaemic, expectorant, tonic, aphrodisiac, antidiarrheic and mouth hygiene. AIM This study intended to evaluate the anti-diabetic, hypolipidaemic and antioxidative activities of date seed extract in diabetes-induced rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total of seven groups of rats, consisting of control rats and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats treated with aqueous seed extract in concentration of 100g/L in dosage of 10ml/day/rat. To evaluate the anti-diabetic property, glucose and weight was analysed weekly and at the end of eight week all rats were sacrificed. To evaluate the hypolipidaemic and antioxidative activities, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine were estimated. Liver enzymes and kidney function tests were performed. Moreover to verify the glycaemic effect; glycated haemoglobin and serum insulin was performed. RESULTS Aqueous seed extract in concentration of 100 gm/L in dosage of 10ml/day/rat brings a significant reduction of blood glucose levels in diabetic rats in comparison of control rats. There were significant differences in the investigated clinical chemistry and oxidative stress parameters between control and diabetic rats with both seed extract of Ajwa and Sukkari dates. CONCLUSION Present study verifies the antidiabetic property, of aqueous seed extracts of two different varieties of dates namely Ajwa and Sukkari of Kingdom of Saudi on streptozotocin induced Diabetic rats. Prolong treatments with the extract restores the function of liver and kidney and balance the oxidative stress condition in diabetic treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marghoob Hasan
- Lecturer, Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelmarouf Mohieldein
- Associate Professor, Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Pancreatic islet regeneration and some liver biochemical parameters of leaf extracts of Vitex doniana in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4:124-30. [PMID: 25182283 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(14)60220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test two water soluble extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) obtained from the leaves of Vitex doniana in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for their effects on pancreatic endocrine tissues and serum marker enzymes for a period of 21 d. METHODS A total of 55 rats divided into 11 groups of 5 rats each were assigned into diabetic and non-diabetic groups and followed by a daily administration of ethanolic and aqueous extracts for 21 d. Group 1 was the normal control while group 7 was treated with standard drug. RESULTS The histopathological studies of the diabetic rats indicated increase in the volume density of islets, percent of β-cells and size of islet in the groups that received the plant extracts, which suggested regeneration of β-cells along with β-cells repairs, as compared with the non-treated diabetic control which showed complete degeneration of the islet cells. There was significant reduction (P<0.05) in the serum activities of marker enzymes, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in diabetes treated rats, whereas an insignificant increase (P>0.01) in the serum activities of marker enzymes was observed for non-diabetic treated rats. Results of total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin showed that diabetic control group was significantly higher (P<0.05) in total bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin compared with treated groups while non-diabetic treated groups showed no significant increase (P>0.01) in total bilirubin and direct bilirubin compared with the normal control. CONCLUSION This herbal therapy appears to bring about repair/regeneration of the endocrine pancreas and hepatic cells protection in the diabetic rat.
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Jain GC, Jangir RN. Modulation of diabetes-mellitus-induced male reproductive dysfunctions in experimental animal models with medicinal plants. Pharmacogn Rev 2014; 8:113-21. [PMID: 25125884 PMCID: PMC4127820 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.134245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Today diabetes mellitus has emerged as a major healthcare problem throughout the world. It has recently broken the age barrier and has been diagnosed in younger people also. Sustained hyperglycemia is associated with many complications including male reproductive dysfunctions and infertility. Numerous medicinal plants have been used for the management of the diabetes mellitus in various traditional system of medicine and in folklore worldwide as they are a rich source of bioactive phytoconstituents, which lower blood glucose level and/or also act as antioxidants resulting in the amelioration of oxidative-stress-induced diabetic complications. The present review describes the ameliorative effects of medicinal plants or their products, especially on male reproductive dysfunctions, in experimental diabetic animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyan Chand Jain
- Department of Zoology, Center for Advanced Studies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ram Niwas Jangir
- Department of Zoology, Center for Advanced Studies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Mohamed S. Functional foods against metabolic syndrome (obesity, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia) and cardiovasular disease. Trends Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Ogbu SO, Agwu KK, Asuzu IU. Gongronema latifolium delays gastric emptying of semi-solid meals in diabetic dogs. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2013; 10:325-331. [PMID: 24311844 PMCID: PMC3847424 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v10i5.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate sonographically the effect of Gongronema latifolium on gastric emptying of semi-solid meals in diabetic dogs. Twenty-five alloxan-induced diabetic dogs were randomly allotted into five groups of five dogs each in a randomised placebo-controlled study. These are placebo, prokinetic dose, low dose, moderate dose and high dose groups. The placebo group served as the control. The low, moderate and high dose groups ingested methanolic leaf extract of G. latifolium at 100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg respectively, while the prokinetic group ingested 0.5 mg/kg of metoclopramide. After a 12-hour fast, each group ingested its treatment capsules 30 minutes before the administration of test meal. Measurements of gastric emptying and blood glucose levels were obtained from each dog 30 minutes before and immediately after the ingestion of a test meal, every 15 minutes for another 4 hours and then every 30 minutes for further 2 hours. Gastric emptying of the moderate and high dose groups were 227.8 ± 9.9 min and 261.3 ± 19.3 min respectively and significantly (p < 0.0001) slower than the placebo control group of 143.0 ± 17.8 min. The gastric emptying of the low dose group (169.8 ± 3.8) and control group did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). A strong inverse relationship between gastric emptying and the incremental blood glucose levels was noted in the diabetic dogs after the ingestion of Gongronema latifolium (r = -0.90; p < 0.0001). Gonogronema latifolium delayed gastric emptying in diabetic dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvester Osita Ogbu
- Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu State, 400001 Nigeria
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Rizvi SI, Mishra N. Traditional Indian medicines used for the management of diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:712092. [PMID: 23841105 PMCID: PMC3687502 DOI: 10.1155/2013/712092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have always been a source of drugs for humans since time immemorial. The Indian traditional system of medicine is replete with the use of plants for the management of diabetic conditions. According to the World Health Organization, up to 90% of population in developing countries use plants and its products as traditional medicine for primary health care. There are about 800 plants which have been reported to show antidiabetic potential. The present review is aimed at providing in-depth information about the antidiabetic potential and bioactive compounds present in Ficus religiosa, Pterocarpus marsupium, Gymnema sylvestre, Allium sativum, Eugenia jambolana, Momordica charantia, and Trigonella foenum-graecum. The review provides a starting point for future studies aimed at isolation, purification, and characterization of bioactive antidiabetic compounds present in these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
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Yoon SA, Kang SI, Shin HS, Kang SW, Kim JH, Ko HC, Kim SJ. p-Coumaric acid modulates glucose and lipid metabolism via AMP-activated protein kinase in L6 skeletal muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 432:553-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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