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Kanika, Singh L. Mitigating cognitive deficits with teriflunomide: unraveling PI3K-modulated behavioral outcomes in mice. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:572. [PMID: 38722394 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is a leading neurological disorder that gradually impairs memory and cognitive abilities, ultimately leading to the inability to perform even basic daily tasks. Teriflunomide is known to preserve neuronal activity and protect mitochondria in the brain slices exposed to oxidative stress. The current research was undertaken to investigate the teriflunomide's cognitive rescuing abilities against scopolamine-induced comorbid cognitive impairment and its influence on phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition-mediated behavior alteration in mice. METHODS Swiss albino mice were divided into 7 groups; vehicle control, scopolamine, donepezil + scopolamine, teriflunomide (10 mg/kg) + scopolamine; teriflunomide (20 mg/kg) + scopolamine, LY294002 and LY294002 + teriflunomide (20 mg/kg). Mice underwent a nine-day protocol, receiving scopolamine injections (2 mg/kg) for the final three days to induce cognitive impairment. Donepezil, teriflunomide, and LY294002 treatments were given continuously for 9 days. MWM, Y-maze, OFT and rota-rod tests were conducted on days 7 and 9. On the last day, blood samples were collected for serum TNF-α analysis, after which the mice were sacrificed, and brain samples were harvested for oxidative stress analysis. RESULTS Scopolamine administration for three consecutive days increased the time required to reach the platform in the MWM test, whereas, reduced the percentage of spontaneous alternations in the Y-maze, number of square crossing in OFT and retention time in the rota-rod test. In biochemical analysis, scopolamine downregulated the brain GSH level, whereas it upregulated the brain TBARS and serum TNF-α levels. Teriflunomide treatment effectively mitigated all the behavioral and biochemical alterations induced by scopolamine. Furthermore, LY294002 administration reduced the memory function and GSH level, whereas, uplifted the serum TNF-α levels. Teriflunomide abrogated the memory-impairing, GSH-lowering, and TNF-α-increasing effects of LY294002. CONCLUSION Our results delineate that the improvement in memory, locomotion, and motor coordination might be attributed to the oxidative and inflammatory stress inhibitory potential of teriflunomide. Moreover, PI3K inhibition-induced memory impairment might be attributed to reduced GSH levels and increased TNF-α levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Lovedeep Singh
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India.
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Jahanbakhshi H, Moghaddam MH, Sani M, Parvardeh S, Boroujeni ME, Vakili K, Fathi M, Azimi H, Mehranpour M, Abdollahifar MA, Ghafghazi S, Sadidi M, Aliaghaei A, Bayat AH, Peyvandi AA. The elderberry diet protection against intrahippocampal Aβ-induced memory dysfunction; the abrogated apoptosis and neuroinflammation. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:1063-1076. [PMID: 38145093 PMCID: PMC10734613 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates whether elderberry (EB) effectively decreases the inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain cells to reduce Aβ toxicity. In the Aβ + EB group, EB powder was added to rats' routine diet for eight consecutive weeks. Then, spatial memory, working memory, and long-term memory, were measured using the Morris water maze, T-maze, and passive avoidance test. Also, in this investigation immunohistopathology, distribution of hippocampal cells, and gene expression was carried out. Voronoi tessellation method was used to estimate the spatial distribution of the cells in the hippocampus. In addition to improving the memory functions of rats with Aβ toxicity, a reduction in astrogliosis and astrocytes process length and the number of branches and intersections distal to the soma was observed in their hippocampus compared to the control group. Further analysis indicated that the EB diet decreased the caspase-3 expression in the hippocampus of rats with Aβ toxicity. Also, EB protected hippocampal pyramidal neurons against Aβ toxicity and improved the spatial distribution of the hippocampal neurons. Moreover, EB decreased the expression of inflammatory and apoptotic genes. Overall, our study suggest that EB can be considered a potent modifier of astrocytes' reactivation and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiseh Jahanbakhshi
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Hassani Moghaddam
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sani
- Department of Educational Neuroscience, Aras International Campus, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siavash Parvardeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Eskandarian Boroujeni
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kimia Vakili
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Fathi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Helia Azimi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mehranpour
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Ghafghazi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadidi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Hossein Bayat
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Peyvandi
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Almalki SG, Alqurashi YE, Alturaiki W, Almawash S, Khan A, Ahmad P, Iqbal D. Antioxidant, LC-MS Analysis, and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Potentials of Phoenix dactylifera Cultivar Khudari: An In Vitro Enzyme Kinetics and In Silico Study. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1474. [PMID: 37892156 PMCID: PMC10605097 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the therapeutic potentials of Khudari fruit pulp, a functional food and cultivar of Phoenix dactylifera, against neurological disorders. Our results demonstrate a good amount of phytochemicals (total phenolic content: 17.77 ± 8.21 µg GA/mg extract) with a high antioxidant potential of aqueous extract (DPPH assay IC50 = 235.84 ± 11.65 µg/mL) and FRAP value: 331.81 ± 4.56 µmol. Furthermore, the aqueous extract showed the marked inhibition of cell-free acetylcholinesterase (electric eel) with an IC50 value of 48.25 ± 2.04 µg/mL, and an enzyme inhibition kinetics study revealed that it exhibits mixed inhibition. Thereafter, we listed the 18 best-matched phytochemical compounds present in aqueous extract through LC/MS analysis. The computational study revealed that five out of eighteen predicted compounds can cross the BBB and exert considerable aqueous solubility. where 2-{5-[(1E)-3-methylbuta-1,3-dien-1-yl]-1H-indol-3-yl}ethanol (MDIE) indicates an acceptable LD50. value. A molecular docking study exhibited that the compounds occupied the key residues of acetylcholinesterase with ΔG range between -6.91 and -9.49 kcal/mol, where MDIE has ∆G: -8.67 kcal/mol, which was better than that of tacrine, ∆G: -8.25 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics analyses of 100 ns supported the stability of the protein-ligand complexes analyzed through RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and SASA parameters. TRP_84 and GLY_442 are the most critical hydrophobic contacts for the complex, although GLU_199 is important for H-bonds. Prime/MM-GBSA showed that the protein-ligand complex formed a stable confirmation. These findings suggest that the aqueous extract of Khudari fruit pulp has significant antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition potentials, and its compound, MDIE, forms stably with confirmation with the target protein, though this fruit of Khudari dates can be a better functional food for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Further investigations are needed to fully understand the therapeutic role of this plant-based compound via in vivo study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami G. Almalki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yaser E. Alqurashi
- Department of Biology, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wael Alturaiki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saud Almawash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amir Khan
- Oral Medicine and Allied Dental Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif 11099, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Parvej Ahmad
- IIRC-5 Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Laboratory, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India;
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
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Koul B, Farooq U, Yadav D, Song M. Phytochemicals: A Promising Alternative for the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040999. [PMID: 37109528 PMCID: PMC10144079 DOI: 10.3390/life13040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological condition that worsens with ageing and affects memory and cognitive function. Presently more than 55 million individuals are affected by AD all over the world, and it is a leading cause of death in old age. The main purpose of this paper is to review the phytochemical constituents of different plants that are used for the treatment of AD. A thorough and organized review of the existing literature was conducted, and the data under the different sections were found using a computerized bibliographic search through the use of databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, CAB Abstracts, MEDLINE, EMBASE, INMEDPLAN, NATTS, and numerous other websites. Around 360 papers were screened, and, out of that, 258 papers were selected on the basis of keywords and relevant information that needed to be included in this review. A total of 55 plants belonging to different families have been reported to possess different bioactive compounds (galantamine, curcumin, silymarin, and many more) that play a significant role in the treatment of AD. These plants possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and anti-amyloid properties and are safe for consumption. This paper focuses on the taxonomic details of the plants, the mode of action of their phytochemicals, their safety, future prospects, limitations, and sustainability criteria for the effective treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra Koul
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Usma Farooq
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Sood P, Singh V, Shri R. Morus alba fruit diet ameliorates cognitive deficit in mouse model of streptozotocin-induced memory impairment. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1657-1669. [PMID: 36947332 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows that dietary intake of fruits with polyphenols is beneficial to improve impaired memory functions. This study explored the preventive as well as therapeutic effects of diet enriched with Morus alba fruits extract (DEMA) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced mouse model of memory impairment. The study consisted of two facets: one aspect consisted of pretreatment of animals with DEMA for two weeks followed by STZ (i.c.v) intervention and the second phase involved induction of dementia with STZ (i.c.v) followed by treatment with DEMA for 14 days. Cognitive functions of animals were measured by Morris Water Maze test and to delineate the associated mechanism of action, brain biochemical estimations (acetyl-cholinesterase activity, myeloperoxidase activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive species, superoxide dismutase activity, reduced glutathione and nitrite/nitrate) and histopathological studies (haematoxylin and eosin staining) were performed. Pre- and post- treatment with DEMA significantly prevented and attenuated, respectively, the detrimental effects of STZ on mice brain. The results demonstrated that dietary modification, by incorporation of M. alba fruits, reduces the incidence and aids in treatment of memory disorder in mice by reducing central cholinergic activity, decreasing oxidative stress and preventing neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Sood
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Varinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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Issmail L, Ramsbeck D, Jäger C, Henning T, Kleinschmidt M, Buchholz M, Grunwald T. Identification and evaluation of a novel tribenzamide derivative as an inhibitor targeting the entry of the respiratory syncytial virus. Antiviral Res 2023; 211:105547. [PMID: 36682463 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants, the elderly, and the immunocompromised, yet no licensed vaccine and only limited therapeutic options for prevention and treatment are available, which poses a global health challenge and emphasizes the urgent medical need for novel antiviral agents. In the current study, a novel potent small molecule inhibitor of RSV was identified by performing a screening and structure optimization campaign, wherein a naturally occurring dicaffeoylquinic acid (DCQA) compound served as a chemical starting point. The reported benzamide derivative inhibitor, designated as 2f, was selected for its improved stability and potent antiviral activity from a series of investigated structurally related compounds. 2f was well tolerated by cells and able to inhibit RSV infection with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 35 nM and a favorable selectivity index (SI) of 3742. Although the exact molecular target for 2f is not known, in vitro mechanism of action investigations revealed that the compound inhibits the early stage of infection by interacting with RSV virion and interferes primarily with the attachment and potentially with the virus-cell fusion step. Moreover, intranasal administration of 2f to mice simultaneously or prior to intranasal infection with RSV significantly decreased viral load in the lungs, pointing to the in vivo potential of the compound. Our results suggest that 2f is a viable candidate for further preclinical development and evaluation as an antiviral agent against RSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Issmail
- Department of Vaccines and Infection Models, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Ramsbeck
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI-MWT, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Christian Jäger
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI-MWT, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Tanja Henning
- Department of Vaccines and Infection Models, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Kleinschmidt
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI-MWT, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Mirko Buchholz
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI-MWT, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Thomas Grunwald
- Department of Vaccines and Infection Models, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany.
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D’Alonzo ZJ, Lam V, Takechi R, Nesbit M, Vaccarezza M, Mamo JCL. Peripheral metabolism of lipoprotein-amyloid beta as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease: potential interactive effects of APOE genotype with dietary fats. GENES & NUTRITION 2023; 18:2. [PMID: 36841786 PMCID: PMC9960179 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-023-00722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder pathologically characterized by brain parenchymal abundance of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and the accumulation of lipofuscin material that is rich in neutral lipids. However, the mechanisms for aetiology of AD are presently not established. There is increasing evidence that metabolism of lipoprotein-Aβ in blood is associated with AD risk, via a microvascular axis that features breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, extravasation of lipoprotein-Aβ to brain parenchyme and thereafter heightened inflammation. A peripheral lipoprotein-Aβ/capillary axis for AD reconciles alternate hypotheses for a vascular, or amyloid origin of disease, with amyloidosis being probably consequential. Dietary fats may markedly influence the plasma abundance of lipoprotein-Aβ and by extension AD risk. Similarly, apolipoprotein E (Apo E) serves as the primary ligand by which lipoproteins are cleared from plasma via high-affinity receptors, for binding to extracellular matrices and thereafter for uptake of lipoprotein-Aβ via resident inflammatory cells. The epsilon APOE ε4 isoform, a major risk factor for AD, is associated with delayed catabolism of lipoproteins and by extension may increase AD risk due to increased exposure to circulating lipoprotein-Aβ and microvascular corruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. D’Alonzo
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia ,grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Virginie Lam
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia ,grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Ryu Takechi
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia ,grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Michael Nesbit
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Mauro Vaccarezza
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia ,grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - John C. L. Mamo
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia ,grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia Australia
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Mani V, Arfeen M, Dhaked DK, Mohammed HA, Amirthalingam P, Elsisi HA. Neuroprotective Effect of Methanolic Ajwa Seed Extract on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Memory Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation: In Vivo, Molecular Docking and Dynamics Studies. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:934. [PMID: 36840284 PMCID: PMC9964647 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Islamic literature has indicated that daily consumption of Ajwa dates heals a variety of chronic diseases and disorders. The current research investigates the neuroprotective effect of methanolic Ajwa seed extract (MASE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive deficits using multiple approaches. For animal studies, MASE (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) was administrated for thirty consecutive days, and four doses of LPS (250 µg/kg, i.p.) were injected to induce neurotoxicity. Memory functions were evaluated using elevated plus-maze and novel object recognition tests. Acetylcholine (ACh) and neuroinflammatory markers (cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1) were estimated in brain tissues. Studies of molecular docking and dynamics were conducted to provide insight into the molecular-level mechanisms. MASE administration resulted in a significant reversal of LPS-induced memory impairment in both maze models. Both doses of MASE elevated the ACh levels in an LPS-treated rat brain. In addition, the extract lowered COX-2 and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β1) in LPS-treated brain tissues. Molecular modeling results revealed that the compound's ellagic acid, epicatechin, catechin, kaempferol, quercetin, and apigenin have the potential to act as a dual inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and COX-2 and can be responsible for the improvement of both cholinergic and inflammatory conditions, while the cinnamic acid, hesperidin, hesperetin, narengin, and rutin compounds are responsible only for the improvement of cholinergic transmission. The above compounds acted by interacting with the key residues Trp84, Asp72, Gly118, Ser200, Tyr334, and His440, which are responsible for the hydrolysis of ACh in AChE, while the COX-2 is inhibited by interacting with the residues (Val349, Leu352, Tyr355, Tyr385, Ala527, Ser530, and Leu531) of the hydrophobic channel. By promoting cholinergic activity and protecting neuroinflammation in the rat brain, MASE provides neuroprotection against LPS-induced cognitive deficits. Our preliminary findings will help with further drug discovery processes related to neuroinflammation-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Minhajul Arfeen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Devendra Kumar Dhaked
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Kolkata, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Palanisamy Amirthalingam
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam A. Elsisi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Effects of Phoenix dactylifera against Streptozotocin-Aluminium Chloride Induced Alzheimer's Rats and Their In Silico Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:1725638. [PMID: 36654869 PMCID: PMC9842421 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1725638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Phoenix dactylifera is known for medicinal importance due to its antioxidant, antidiabetic, antidepressant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of P. dactylifera seeds to cure Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD was induced in the rats with streptozotocin + aluminium chloride followed by treatment of methanolic extract of P. dactylifera seeds. The blood glucose levels were determined at regular intervals, which showed a prominent decrease in the extracts treated group. Behavior tests, including the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) test and Morris Water Maze (MWM) test, were used to evaluate memory patterns in rats. The results indicated that extract-treated rats significantly improved memory behavior compared to the diseased group. After dissection, the serum electrolytes, antioxidant enzymes, and choline esterase enzymes were measured in different organs. The serum parameters creatinine, urea, and bilirubin increased after extract treatment. Similarly, the level of antioxidant enzymes like peroxidases (POD), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in the extract-treated group showed improved results that were close to the normal control group. The enzyme (lipase, insulin, amylase, and acetylcholine) levels were found enhanced in extract groups as compared to diseased rats. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the level of dopamine and serotonin neurotransmitters, which were increased significantly for P. dactylifera seeds with values of 0.18 μg/mg tissue and 0.56 μg/mg tissue, respectively. Overall, results showed that P. dactylifera seeds proved to be quite efficient in improving the memory and behavior of treated rats. The antioxidants and enzymes were also increased; therefore, it may be a potential candidate for treating AD.
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Kabir ER, Chowdhury NM, Yasmin H, Kabir MT, Akter R, Perveen A, Ashraf GM, Akter S, Rahman MH, Sweilam SH. Unveiling the Potential of Polyphenols as Anti-Amyloid Molecules in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:787-807. [PMID: 36221865 PMCID: PMC10227919 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666221010113812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that mostly affects the elderly population. Mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis are yet to be fully revealed, but there are several hypotheses regarding AD. Even though free radicals and inflammation are likely to be linked with AD pathogenesis, still amyloid-beta (Aβ) cascade is the dominant hypothesis. According to the Aβ hypothesis, a progressive buildup of extracellular and intracellular Aβ aggregates has a significant contribution to the AD-linked neurodegeneration process. Since Aβ plays an important role in the etiology of AD, therefore Aβ-linked pathways are mainly targeted in order to develop potential AD therapies. Accumulation of Aβ plaques in the brains of AD individuals is an important hallmark of AD. These plaques are mainly composed of Aβ (a peptide of 39-42 amino acids) aggregates produced via the proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein. Numerous studies have demonstrated that various polyphenols (PPHs), including cyanidins, anthocyanins, curcumin, catechins and their gallate esters were found to markedly suppress Aβ aggregation and prevent the formation of Aβ oligomers and toxicity, which is further suggesting that these PPHs might be regarded as effective therapeutic agents for the AD treatment. This review summarizes the roles of Aβ in AD pathogenesis, the Aβ aggregation pathway, types of PPHs, and distribution of PPHs in dietary sources. Furthermore, we have predominantly focused on the potential of food-derived PPHs as putative anti-amyloid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rahman Kabir
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hasina Yasmin
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tanvir Kabir
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ghulam Md. Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shamima Akter
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | | | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo-Suez Road, Badr City 11829, Egypt
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11
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Replacement of refined sugar by natural sweeteners: focus on potential health benefits. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10711. [PMID: 36185143 PMCID: PMC9519493 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Refined sugar is a processed product containing 99% sucrose, which is obtained from sugarcane (70%) or sugar beet (30%). In modern societies, sugar continues to play a significant role in the diet, recognised not only for its flavour and special sweetening properties but also for its role in food preservation. On the other hand, a high consumption of refined sugar is associated with non-communicable diseases and many health issues such as a high risk of dental caries, overweight and neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Alternatives like unrefined sugars have generated a lot of interest as a healthy substitute due to their nutraceutical properties. This paper is aimed to review the beneficial effects of sugar derived from natural sources and highlight health problems that could be caused by refined processed sugar. Refined sugar is frequently used in variety of items including processed foods, soft drinks or ice creams although it is considered unhealthy due to its high salt and sugar content as well as added fats and artificial coloring. Natural sugars are preferred because they have a high nutritional value and a high concentration of healthy compounds, which offset the negative effects of refined sugar. Therefore, removing refined sugar or at least reducing its consumption should be promoted as a healthier option in food choices.
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12
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Therapeutic Benefits and Dietary Restrictions of Fiber Intake: A State of the Art Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132641. [PMID: 35807822 PMCID: PMC9268622 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, malnutrition and deficiency diseases have been a problem for our planet’s population. A balanced diet significantly influences everyone’s health, and fiber intake appears to play a more important role than previously thought. The natural dietary fibers are a category of carbohydrates in the constitution of plants that are not completely digested in the human intestine. High-fiber foods, such as fruits, vegetables and whole grains, have consistently been highly beneficial to health and effectively reduced the risk of disease. Although the mode of action of dietary fiber in the consumer body is not fully understood, nutritionists and health professionals unanimously recognize the therapeutic benefits. This paper presents the fiber consumption in different countries, the metabolism of fiber and the range of health benefits associated with fiber intake. In addition, the influence of fiber intake on the intestinal microbiome, metabolic diseases (obesity and diabetes), neurological aspects, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer prevention are discussed. Finally, dietary restrictions and excess fiber are addressed, which can cause episodes of diarrhea and dehydration and increase the likelihood of bloating and flatulence or even bowel obstruction. However, extensive studies are needed regarding the composition and required amount of fiber in relation to the metabolism of saprotrophic microorganisms from the enteral level and the benefits of the various pathologies with which they can be correlated.
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13
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Mani V, Arfeen M, Mohammed HA, Elsisi HA, Sajid S, Almogbel Y, Aldubayan M, Dhanasekaran M, Alhowail A. Sukkari dates seed improves type-2 diabetes mellitus-induced memory impairment by reducing blood glucose levels and enhancing brain cholinergic transmission: In vivo and molecular modeling studies. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:750-763. [PMID: 35812141 PMCID: PMC9257867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline is one of the serious complications associated with diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of type-2. In this reported work, the effect of aqueous sukkari dates seed extract (ASSE) was evaluated in T2DM-induced rats. T2DM was induced using intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide and streptozocin (STZ) administration. The diabetic rats were then treated orally with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of dates seed extract for 30 days and results were compared with metformin-treated groups. The memory functions were assessed using three maze models. Glucose and insulin levels in the blood and acetylcholine, acetylcholinesterase brain homogenates were estimated. The results showed a significant reduction in transfer latency (TL) (p < 0.001) during the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. The novel object recognition (NOR) test revealed a longer exploration time (p > 0.05) with novel objects and a higher discrimination index (p > 0.05). The Y-maze test also showed a significant increase in the number of entries to the novel arm (p > 0.05) and the total number of entries in the trial (p > 0.01) as well as in test (p > 0.05) sessions. Reduction in blood glucose (p > 0.05) and improvement in blood insulin (p > 0.05) levels were also noted. Improvement in ACh levels (p > 0.001) with 400 mg/kg of ASSE and reduction in AChE (p > 0.001) with both doses of ASSE were also observed in the brain homogenates. The results of ASSE were found comparable with the metformin-treated rats. The estimation of phytochemical constituents displayed a significant presence of phenolic content. Further, molecular modeling studies showed ellagic acid, catechin, and epicatechin as the potential molecule interacting with GSK-3β, α-amylase, and AChE and may be responsible for observed bioactivity. In conclusion, ASSE has the ability to alleviate T2DM-related cognitive impairments.
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14
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The Use of Bioactive Compounds in Hyperglycemia- and Amyloid Fibrils-Induced Toxicity in Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020235. [PMID: 35213966 PMCID: PMC8879577 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become increasingly apparent that defective insulin signaling may increase the risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), influence neurodegeneration through promotion of amyloid formation or by increasing inflammatory responses to intraneuronal β-amyloid. Recent work has demonstrated that hyperglycemia is linked to cognitive decline, with elevated levels of glucose causing oxidative stress in vulnerable tissues such as the brain. The ability of β-amyloid peptide to form β-sheet-rich aggregates and induce apoptosis has made amyloid fibrils a leading target for the development of novel pharmacotherapies used in managing and treatment of neuropathological conditions such as AD-related cognitive decline. Additionally, deposits of β-sheets folded amylin, a glucose homeostasis regulator, are also present in diabetic patients. Thus, therapeutic compounds capable of reducing intracellular protein aggregation in models of neurodegenerative disorders may prove useful in ameliorating type 2 diabetes mellitus symptoms. Furthermore, both diabetes and neurodegenerative conditions, such as AD, are characterized by chronic inflammatory responses accompanied by the presence of dysregulated inflammatory biomarkers. This review presents current evidence describing the role of various small bioactive molecules known to ameliorate amyloidosis and subsequent effects in prevention and development of diabetes and AD. It also highlights the potential efficacy of peptide–drug conjugates capable of targeting intracellular targets.
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15
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Mani V, Arfeen M, Sajid S, Almogbel Y. Aqueous Ajwa dates seeds extract improves memory impairment in type-2 diabetes mellitus rats by reducing blood glucose levels and enhancing brain cholinergic transmission. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2738-2748. [PMID: 35531250 PMCID: PMC9072939 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder prevalent across the globe and is known to cause brain dysfunction, especially memory and cognitive decline. The current study investigates the effect of aqueous Ajwa seeds extract (AASE) on type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-induced memory deficits using a rat model. T2DM was induced by an administration of nicotinamide (120 mg/kg, i.p.) and streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg, i.p.). AASE (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) were treated to T2DM rats for 30 days and the results were compared with the metformin (200 mg/kg). Elevated plus maze (EPM), Y-maze, and novel object recognition (NOR) tests were performed to assess the memory functions. The blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were estimated to assess the anti-diabetic effects of AASE. Acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels were estimated from brain homogenates to assess cholinergic transmission. Treatment with AASE resulted in the reversal of behavioral deficits. EPM showed, a significant reduction in transfer latency (TL) among T2DM rats. High exploration time with a novel object and improvement in discrimination index were observed among treated groups during the NOR test. The Y-Maze test improved the entries and also time spent in the novel arm. Moreover, treatment of AASE reversed hyperglycemic and enhanced plasma insulin levels (200 mg/kg: 3.81 ± 0.08 ng/ml and 400 mg/kg: 4.09 ± 0.10 ng/ml) among T2DM rats (2.81 ± 0.15 ng/ml). Improved ACh levels (200 mg/kg: 186.6 ± 9.51 pg/mg protein and 400 mg/kg: 165.5 ± 9.25 pg/mg protein) and reduced AChE levels (200 mg/kg: 0.29 ± 0.02 ng/mg protein and 400 mg/kg: 0.32 ± 0.03 ng/mg protein) were also noted in the brain of AASE treated groups as referred to diabetic group (ACh: 107.1 ± 7.16 pg/mg protein and AChE: 0.51 ± 0.03 ng/mg protein). The above results were found to be comparable with the metformin-treated groups. From the results, it can be concluded that AASE has the potential to improve T2DM associated cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Minhajul Arfeen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sultan Sajid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Almogbel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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16
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Zidan NS, Omran AME, Rezk SM, Atteia HH, Sakran MI. Anti-Alzheimer's disease potential of Arabian coffee versus Date palm seed extract in male rats. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14017. [PMID: 34816451 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coffee is among the most commonly consumed beverage all over the world. Studies have increasingly suggested caffeine and coffee as effective therapeutic interventions against Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have therefore utilized the aluminum chloride rat model for AD to compare the influence of moderately caffeinated (Arabian) and decaffeinated (Date palm seed) coffee on cognitive impairment and pathological events in AD. AD rats given Arabian or Date palm seed coffee were protected against memory impairment and had lower serum levels of the abnormal protein (amyloid-beta; Aβ1-42), the central pathogenic contributor to AD, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Interestingly, Date palm seed (decaffeinated) coffee seems to provide more pronounced protection against AD than Arabian (moderately caffeinated) coffee as evidenced by the greater decrease in serum Aβ levels. These results suggest a surprising therapeutic potential of moderate caffeine intake in Arabian coffee to ameliorate AD through decreasing serum Aβ levels. However, Date palm seed (decaffeinated) coffee, rich in flavonoids, appears to provide a better AD-modifying ability through a direct reduction of Aβ production. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Consumption of moderately caffeinated Arabian coffee attenuated AD-induced cognitive impairment via its anti-amyloidogenic potential, decreasing Aβ levels. Moreover, intake of decaffeinated Date seed extract, rich in flavonoids, exerted a superior anti-AD potential through a direct reduction of Aβ production. Both of them were also safe and maintained hepatic and renal functions in a rat model of AlCl3 -induced AD. Further clinical studies are warranted to confirm current results and to recommend the regular drinking of Arabian coffee or Date seed extract as a protective approach to delay AD progression in vulnerable individuals or in early disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla S Zidan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Specific Education, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt
| | - Awatif M E Omran
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Samar M Rezk
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Mahalla Hepatology Teaching Hospital, Gharbyia, El-Mahalla El-Kubra, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah H Atteia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Sakran
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.,Biochemistry Section, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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17
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Frausto DM, Forsyth CB, Keshavarzian A, Voigt RM. Dietary Regulation of Gut-Brain Axis in Alzheimer's Disease: Importance of Microbiota Metabolites. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:736814. [PMID: 34867153 PMCID: PMC8639879 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.736814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that impacts 45 million people worldwide and is ranked as the 6th top cause of death among all adults by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. While genetics is an important risk factor for the development of AD, environment and lifestyle are also contributing risk factors. One such environmental factor is diet, which has emerged as a key influencer of AD development/progression as well as cognition. Diets containing large quantities of saturated/trans-fats, refined carbohydrates, limited intake of fiber, and alcohol are associated with cognitive dysfunction while conversely diets low in saturated/trans-fats (i.e., bad fats), high mono/polyunsaturated fats (i.e., good fats), high in fiber and polyphenols are associated with better cognitive function and memory in both humans and animal models. Mechanistically, this could be the direct consequence of dietary components (lipids, vitamins, polyphenols) on the brain, but other mechanisms are also likely to be important. Diet is considered to be the single greatest factor influencing the intestinal microbiome. Diet robustly influences the types and function of micro-organisms (called microbiota) that reside in the gastrointestinal tract. Availability of different types of nutrients (from the diet) will favor or disfavor the abundance and function of certain groups of microbiota. Microbiota are highly metabolically active and produce many metabolites and other factors that can affect the brain including cognition and the development and clinical progression of AD. This review summarizes data to support a model in which microbiota metabolites influence brain function and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce M. Frausto
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Christopher B. Forsyth
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Robin M. Voigt
- Rush Medical College, Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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18
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Magaña AA, Kamimura N, Soumyanath A, Stevens JF, Maier CS. Caffeoylquinic acids: chemistry, biosynthesis, occurrence, analytical challenges, and bioactivity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1299-1319. [PMID: 34171156 PMCID: PMC9084498 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) are specialized plant metabolites we encounter in our daily life. Humans consume CQAs in mg-to-gram quantities through dietary consumption of plant products. CQAs are considered beneficial for human health, mainly due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Recently, new biosynthetic pathways via a peroxidase-type p-coumaric acid 3-hydroxylase enzyme were discovered. More recently, a new GDSL lipase-like enzyme able to transform monoCQAs into diCQA was identified in Ipomoea batatas. CQAs were recently linked to memory improvement; they seem to be strong indirect antioxidants via Nrf2 activation. However, there is a prevalent confusion in the designation and nomenclature of different CQA isomers. Such inconsistencies are critical and complicate bioactivity assessment since different isomers differ in bioactivity and potency. A detailed explanation regarding the origin of such confusion is provided, and a recommendation to unify nomenclature is suggested. Furthermore, for studies on CQA bioactivity, plant-based laboratory animal diets contain CQAs, which makes it difficult to include proper control groups for comparison. Therefore, a synthetic diet free of CQAs is advised to avoid interferences since some CQAs may produce bioactivity even at nanomolar levels. Biotransformation of CQAs by gut microbiota, the discovery of new enzymatic biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, dietary assessment, and assessment of biological properties with potential for drug development are areas of active, ongoing research. This review is focused on the chemistry, biosynthesis, occurrence, analytical challenges, and bioactivity recently reported for mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraCQAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Alcázar Magaña
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Naofumi Kamimura
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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19
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Hasnieza Mohd Rosli N, Mastura Yahya H, Shahar S, Wahida Ibrahim F, Fadilah Rajab N. Alzheimer's Disease and Functional Foods: An Insight on Neuroprotective Effect of its Combination. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 23:575-589. [PMID: 32363814 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.575.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which impairs memory and cognitive function. Currently, AD has no cure and treatments are focused on relieving its symptoms. Several functional plants and foods, such as pomegranate, date fruits, honey, black seeds and figs, possess nutritious properties which alleviate AD. In vitro and in vivo studies reported that these functional foods exert neuroprotective effects through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review are going to discusses the bioactive components and neuroprotective activities of the functional foods such as pomegranate, dates, honey, black seeds and figs and the potential of functional foods combinations to alleviate AD. Functional food combinations have potential to be consumed for health benefit for the prevention and treatment of AD. This review summarises the functional foods which can be useful for the prevention, treatment and management of AD via oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms. Besides, it provides a new insight on the potential of functional food combinations for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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20
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Jabeen A, Parween N, Sayrav K, Prasad B. Date (Phoenix dactylifera) seed and syringic acid exhibits antioxidative effect and lifespan extending properties in Caenorhabditis elegans. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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21
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Beydoun MA, Canas JA, Fanelli-Kuczmarski MT, Maldonado AI, Shaked D, Kivimaki M, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Association of Antioxidant Vitamins A, C, E and Carotenoids with Cognitive Performance over Time: A Cohort Study of Middle-Aged Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113558. [PMID: 33233594 PMCID: PMC7699702 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids may strengthen the association of antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E with favorable cognitive outcomes over time, though a few prospective studies have examined this hypothesis. We evaluated the longitudinal data from 1251 participants in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study (Age at visit 1 in 2004–2009 (v1): 30–65 years). Vitamins A, C, and E dietary intakes and total and individual dietary carotenoids were computed using two 24-h recalls at v1. Cognitive tests, covering global mental status and domains of memory/learning, attention, psychomotor speed, visuo-spatial, language/verbal, and executive function were conducted at v1 and/or v2 (2009–2013); mean ± SD follow-up: 4.66 ± 0.93 years. Mixed-effects linear regression models detected an interaction between vitamin E and total (and individual) carotenoids for three of 11 cognitive tests at v1, with only one meeting the statistical significance upon multiple testing correction whereby vitamin E was linked with greater verbal memory performance in the uppermost total carotenoid tertile (γ0a = +0.26 ± 0.08, p = 0.002), a synergism largely driven by carotenoid lycopene. Vitamins A and C showed no consistent interactions with carotenoids. In conclusion, we provide partial evidence for synergism between vitamin E and carotenoids in relation to better baseline cognitive performance, pending further studies with time-dependent exposures and randomized trials directly examining this synergism.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A. Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (A.I.M.); (M.K.E.); (A.B.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +1-410-558-8236
| | - Jose A. Canas
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, USA;
| | | | - Ana I. Maldonado
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (A.I.M.); (M.K.E.); (A.B.Z.)
| | - Danielle Shaked
- Department of Psychology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA;
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (A.I.M.); (M.K.E.); (A.B.Z.)
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (A.I.M.); (M.K.E.); (A.B.Z.)
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22
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Dual prophylactic/therapeutic potential of date seed, and nigella and olive oils-based nutraceutical formulation in rats with experimentally-induced Alzheimer's disease: A mechanistic insight. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 110:101878. [PMID: 33144183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a multifactorial etiology and significantly increasing incidence during the last decade. Hence, developing an effective therapy is crucial for public health. The current study aimed to examine the dual prophylactic/therapeutic potential of a nutraceutical formula based on aqueous extract of roasted date seeds, and nigella and virgin-olive oils against experimentally-induced Alzheimer's disease in rats. Alzheimer's disease-like pathology was induced in male Wistar rats using oral CuSO4 (200 mg/Kg/day for two months). The nutraceutical formula was given orally to experimental animals (10 mL/kg/d) for 14 days before (as prophylaxis) and after Alzheimer's disease induction and its therapeutic effect in both cases is tested in comparison to donepezil (0.5 mg/kg/d). The nutraceutical formula was found to ameliorate the CuSO4-induced neuronal damage and regenerate the affected hippocampus tissue and significantly improvemed in learning ability. The formula was also effective in decreasing brain amyloid-β, tau protein, TNF-α level, iNOS level in hippocampus, oxidative stress level, and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity and expression in brain and hippocampus, respectively. Further, an increase in GSH levels, activities of SOD, and GST and levels of hippocampus ADAM 17 and brain phospholipids was observed. In conclusion, the studied nutraceutical formula is proved to be effective in ameliorating Alzheimer's neurodegenerative progression with added-prophylactic potential.
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23
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Terry C. Insights from nature: A review of natural compounds that target protein misfolding in vivo. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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24
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The effect of late pregnancy date fruit consumption on delivery progress - A meta-analysis. Explore (NY) 2020; 17:569-573. [PMID: 32563673 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the available evidence exploring the influence of date fruit consumption on delivery outcomes. METHODS A search was conducted for relevant articles in three databases for manuscripts in English, with no time restrictions. RESULTS Four articles were eligible for inclusion. Women consuming date fruit were admitted with higher cervical dilatation (mean difference (MD) 1.1 cm [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2-1.99 cm) and yielded a lower need for labor induction/augmentation (relative risk (RR) 0.6, 95% CI 0.43-0.83). Date fruit consumption was associated with shorter latent phase (MD -4.6 hours, 95% CI -7.77 to -1.4) and second stage duration (MD -7.7 minutes, 95% CI -12.0 to -3.4). CONCLUSIONS Although the overall quality of the included studies was weak due to high risk of bias, the results of our meta-analysis point to beneficial effects of date fruit consumption on labor process. fruit.
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Koza LA, Winter AN, Holsopple J, Baybayon-Grandgeorge AN, Pena C, Olson JR, Mazzarino RC, Patterson D, Linseman DA. Protocatechuic Acid Extends Survival, Improves Motor Function, Diminishes Gliosis, and Sustains Neuromuscular Junctions in the hSOD1 G93A Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061824. [PMID: 32570926 PMCID: PMC7353311 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating disorder characterized by motor neuron apoptosis and subsequent skeletal muscle atrophy caused by oxidative and nitrosative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Anthocyanins are polyphenolic compounds found in berries that possess neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a phenolic acid metabolite of the parent anthocyanin, kuromanin, found in blackberries and bilberries. We explored the therapeutic effects of PCA in a transgenic mouse model of ALS that expresses mutant human Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase 1 with a glycine to alanine substitution at position 93. These mice display skeletal muscle atrophy, hindlimb weakness, and weight loss. Disease onset occurs at approximately 90 days old and end stage is reached at approximately 120 days old. Daily treatment with PCA (100 mg/kg) by oral gavage beginning at disease onset significantly extended survival (121 days old in untreated vs. 133 days old in PCA-treated) and preserved skeletal muscle strength and endurance as assessed by grip strength testing and rotarod performance. Furthermore, PCA reduced astrogliosis and microgliosis in spinal cord, protected spinal motor neurons from apoptosis, and maintained neuromuscular junction integrity in transgenic mice. PCA lengthens survival, lessens the severity of pathological symptoms, and slows disease progression in this mouse model of ALS. Given its significant preclinical therapeutic effects, PCA should be further investigated as a treatment option for patients with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia A. Koza
- Department of Biological Sciences, F. W. Olin Hall, Room 102, University of Denver, 2190 E. Iliff Ave, Denver, CO 80208, USA; (L.A.K.); (A.N.W.); (J.H.); (A.N.B.-G.); (C.P.); (J.R.O.); (R.C.M.); (D.P.)
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, Engineering Computer Science, Suite 579, University of Denver, 2155 E. Wesley Ave, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Aimee N. Winter
- Department of Biological Sciences, F. W. Olin Hall, Room 102, University of Denver, 2190 E. Iliff Ave, Denver, CO 80208, USA; (L.A.K.); (A.N.W.); (J.H.); (A.N.B.-G.); (C.P.); (J.R.O.); (R.C.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Jessica Holsopple
- Department of Biological Sciences, F. W. Olin Hall, Room 102, University of Denver, 2190 E. Iliff Ave, Denver, CO 80208, USA; (L.A.K.); (A.N.W.); (J.H.); (A.N.B.-G.); (C.P.); (J.R.O.); (R.C.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Angela N. Baybayon-Grandgeorge
- Department of Biological Sciences, F. W. Olin Hall, Room 102, University of Denver, 2190 E. Iliff Ave, Denver, CO 80208, USA; (L.A.K.); (A.N.W.); (J.H.); (A.N.B.-G.); (C.P.); (J.R.O.); (R.C.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Claudia Pena
- Department of Biological Sciences, F. W. Olin Hall, Room 102, University of Denver, 2190 E. Iliff Ave, Denver, CO 80208, USA; (L.A.K.); (A.N.W.); (J.H.); (A.N.B.-G.); (C.P.); (J.R.O.); (R.C.M.); (D.P.)
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, Engineering Computer Science, Suite 579, University of Denver, 2155 E. Wesley Ave, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Olson
- Department of Biological Sciences, F. W. Olin Hall, Room 102, University of Denver, 2190 E. Iliff Ave, Denver, CO 80208, USA; (L.A.K.); (A.N.W.); (J.H.); (A.N.B.-G.); (C.P.); (J.R.O.); (R.C.M.); (D.P.)
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, Engineering Computer Science, Suite 579, University of Denver, 2155 E. Wesley Ave, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Randall C. Mazzarino
- Department of Biological Sciences, F. W. Olin Hall, Room 102, University of Denver, 2190 E. Iliff Ave, Denver, CO 80208, USA; (L.A.K.); (A.N.W.); (J.H.); (A.N.B.-G.); (C.P.); (J.R.O.); (R.C.M.); (D.P.)
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, Engineering Computer Science, Suite 579, University of Denver, 2155 E. Wesley Ave, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - David Patterson
- Department of Biological Sciences, F. W. Olin Hall, Room 102, University of Denver, 2190 E. Iliff Ave, Denver, CO 80208, USA; (L.A.K.); (A.N.W.); (J.H.); (A.N.B.-G.); (C.P.); (J.R.O.); (R.C.M.); (D.P.)
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, Engineering Computer Science, Suite 579, University of Denver, 2155 E. Wesley Ave, Denver, CO 80208, USA
- Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, 2101 E. Wesley Ave, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Daniel A. Linseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, F. W. Olin Hall, Room 102, University of Denver, 2190 E. Iliff Ave, Denver, CO 80208, USA; (L.A.K.); (A.N.W.); (J.H.); (A.N.B.-G.); (C.P.); (J.R.O.); (R.C.M.); (D.P.)
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, Engineering Computer Science, Suite 579, University of Denver, 2155 E. Wesley Ave, Denver, CO 80208, USA
- Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, 2101 E. Wesley Ave, Denver, CO 80210, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(303)-871-4663
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Wang Z, Li S, Ge S, Lin S. Review of Distribution, Extraction Methods, and Health Benefits of Bound Phenolics in Food Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3330-3343. [PMID: 32092268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are important functional bioactive substances distributed in various food plants. They have gained wide interest from researchers due to their multiple health benefits. There are two forms of phenolic compounds: free form and bound form. The latter is also called bound phenolics (BPs), which are found mainly in the cell wall and distributed in various tissues/organs of the plant body. They can either chemically bind to macromolecules and food matrixes or be physically entrapped in food matrixes and intact cells. Various isolation methods, including chemical, biological, and physical methods, have been employed to extract BPs from plants. BPs have been shown to have strong biological activities, including antioxidant, probiotic, anticancer, anti-inflammation, antiobesity, and antidiabetic effects as well as beneficial effects on central nervous system diseases. This review summarizes research findings on these topics to help in better understanding of BPs and provide comprehensive information on their health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition (Ministry of Education), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shiyang Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition (Ministry of Education), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shenghan Ge
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition (Ministry of Education), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shaoling Lin
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition (Ministry of Education), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Afzal M, Redha A, AlHasan R. Anthocyanins Potentially Contribute to Defense against Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2019; 24:E4255. [PMID: 31766696 PMCID: PMC6930593 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ANTs) are plant pigments that belong to a flavanol class of polyphenols and have diverse pharmacological properties. These compounds are primarily found in fruits and vegetables, with an average daily intake of 180 mgd-1 of these compounds in the developed world. ANTs are potent antioxidants that might regulate the free radical-mediated generation of amyloid peptides (Abeta-amyloids) in the brain, which causes Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study presents a literature review of ANTs from different berries and their potential therapeutic value, with particular emphasis on neurodegenerative AD, which owing to oxidative stress. This review also highlights reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through energy metabolism, nitrogen reactive species, the role of transition metals in generating ROS, and the radical-quenching mechanisms of natural antioxidants, including ANTs. The current status of the bioavailability, solubility, and structure activity relationship of ANTs is discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afzal
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat-13060, Kuwait; (A.R.); (R.A.)
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Anthocyanins and Their Metabolites as Therapeutic Agents for Neurodegenerative Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090333. [PMID: 31443476 PMCID: PMC6770078 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are characterized by the death of neurons within specific regions of the brain or spinal cord. While the etiology of many neurodegenerative diseases remains elusive, several factors are thought to contribute to the neurodegenerative process, such as oxidative and nitrosative stress, excitotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, protein aggregation, and neuroinflammation. These processes culminate in the death of vulnerable neuronal populations, which manifests symptomatically as cognitive and/or motor impairments. Until recently, most treatments for these disorders have targeted single aspects of disease pathology; however, this strategy has proved largely ineffective, and focus has now turned towards therapeutics which target multiple aspects underlying neurodegeneration. Anthocyanins are unique flavonoid compounds that have been shown to modulate several of the factors contributing to neuronal death, and interest in their use as therapeutics for neurodegeneration has grown in recent years. Additionally, due to observations that the bioavailability of anthocyanins is low relative to that of their metabolites, it has been proposed that anthocyanin metabolites may play a significant part in mediating the beneficial effects of an anthocyanin-rich diet. Thus, in this review, we will explore the evidence evaluating the neuroprotective and therapeutic potential of anthocyanins and their common metabolites for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Gray NE, Alcazar Magana A, Lak P, Wright KM, Quinn J, Stevens JF, Maier CS, Soumyanath A. Centella asiatica - Phytochemistry and mechanisms of neuroprotection and cognitive enhancement. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2018; 17:161-194. [PMID: 31736679 PMCID: PMC6857646 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-017-9528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This review describes in detail the phytochemistry and neurological effects of the medicinal herb Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. C. asiatica is a small perennial plant that grows in moist, tropical and sub-tropical regions throughout the world. Phytochemicals identified from C. asiatica to date include isoprenoids (sesquiterpenes, plant sterols, pentacyclic triterpenoids and saponins) and phenylpropanoid derivatives (eugenol derivatives, caffeoylquinic acids, and flavonoids). Contemporary methods for fingerprinting and characterization of compounds in C. asiatica extracts include liquid chromatography and/or ion mobility spectrometry in conjunction with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Multiple studies in rodent models, and a limited number of human studies support C. asiatica's traditional reputation as a cognitive enhancer, as well as its anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects. Neuroprotective effects of C.asiatica are seen in several in vitro models, for example against beta amyloid toxicity, and appear to be associated with increased mitochondrial activity, improved antioxidant status, and/or inhibition of the pro-inflammatory enzyme, phospholipase A2. Neurotropic effects of C. asiatica include increased dendritic arborization and synaptogenesis, and may be due to modulations of signal transduction pathways such as ERK1/2 and Akt. Many of these neurotropic and neuroprotective properties of C.asiatica have been associated with the triterpene compounds asiatic acid, asiaticoside and madecassoside. More recently, caffeoylquinic acids are emerging as a second important group of active compounds in C. asiatica, with the potential of enhancing the Nrf2-antioxidant response pathway. The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the triterpenes, caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids found in C. asiatica have been studied in humans and animal models, and the compounds or their metabolites found in the brain. This review highlights the remarkable potential for C. asiatica extracts and derivatives to be used in the treatment of neurological conditions, and considers the further research needed to actualize this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora E. Gray
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | | | - Parnian Lak
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Kirsten M. Wright
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Joseph Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
- Department of Neurology and Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center (PADRECC),
Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA 97239
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
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Fernando WB, Rainey-Smith SR, Gardener SL, Villemagne VL, Burnham SC, Macaulay SL, Brown BM, Gupta VB, Sohrabi HR, Weinborn M, Taddei K, Laws SM, Goozee K, Ames D, Fowler C, Maruff P, Masters CL, Salvado O, Rowe CC, Martins RN. Associations of Dietary Protein and Fiber Intake with Brain and Blood Amyloid-β. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 61:1589-1598. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W.M.A.D. Binosha Fernando
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Samantha L. Gardener
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Victor L. Villemagne
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - S. Lance Macaulay
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian e-Health Research Centre, Australia
| | - Belinda M. Brown
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Veer Bala Gupta
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hamid R. Sohrabi
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Weinborn
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Kevin Taddei
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Simon M. Laws
- Collaborative Genomics Group, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health,
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Kathryn Goozee
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- McCusker KARVIAH Research Centre, ARV, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Ames
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St. Vincent’s Health, The University of Melbourne, Kew, VIC, Australia
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher Fowler
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Cogstate Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin L. Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Olivier Salvado
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity/Australian e-Health Research Centre, Australia
| | - Christopher C. Rowe
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Sir James McCusker Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Krzysztoforska K, Mirowska-Guzel D, Widy-Tyszkiewicz E. Pharmacological effects of protocatechuic acid and its therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases: Review on the basis of in vitro and in vivo studies in rodents and humans. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:72-82. [PMID: 28745142 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1354543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid has very promising properties potentially useful in the inhibition of neurodegenerative diseases progression. It is the main metabolite of the complex polyphenolic compounds and is believed to be responsible for beneficial effects associated with consumption of the food products rich in polyphenols. Protocatechuic acid is present in the circulation significantly longer and at higher concentrations than parent compounds and easily crosses the blood brain barrier. The aim of the following paper is to provide an extensive and actual report on protocatechuic acid and its pharmacological potential in prevention and/or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in humans based on existing data from both in vitro and in vivo studies. Experimental studies strongly support the role of protocatechuic acid in the prevention of neurodegenerative processes, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, due to its favorable influence on processes underlying cognitive and behavioral impairment, namely accumulation of the β-amyloid plaques in brain tissues, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in neurons, excessive formation of reactive oxygen species and neuroinflammation. There is a growing evidence that protocatechuic acid may become in the future efficacious and safe substance that protects against neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Krzysztoforska
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology , Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology , Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Ewa Widy-Tyszkiewicz
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology , Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
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Wiggers H, Zaioncz S, Cheleski J, Mainardes R, Khalil N. Curcumin, a Multitarget Phytochemical. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63930-1.00007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Huntington's Disease: A Mini Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8590578. [PMID: 28116038 PMCID: PMC5223034 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8590578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases affect not only the life quality of aging populations, but also their life spans. All forms of neurodegenerative diseases have a massive impact on the elderly. The major threat of these brain diseases includes progressive loss of memory, Alzheimer's disease (AD), impairments in the movement, Parkinson's disease (PD), and the inability to walk, talk, and think, Huntington's disease (HD). Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are highlighted as a central feature of brain degenerative diseases. Oxidative stress, a condition that occurs due to imbalance in oxidant and antioxidant status, has been known to play a vital role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases including AD, PD, and HD. A large number of studies have utilized oxidative stress biomarkers to investigate the severity of these neurodegenerative diseases and medications are available, but these only treat the symptoms. In traditional medicine, a large number of medicinal plants have been used to treat the symptoms of these neurodegenerative diseases. Extensive studies scientifically validated the beneficial effect of natural products against neurodegenerative diseases using suitable animal models. This short review focuses the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of AD, PD, and HD and the protective efficacy of natural products against these diseases.
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Pistollato F, Sumalla Cano S, Elio I, Masias Vergara M, Giampieri F, Battino M. Role of gut microbiota and nutrients in amyloid formation and pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Nutr Rev 2016; 74:624-34. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Abdennabi R, Bardaa S, Mehdi M, Rateb ME, Raab A, Alenezi FN, Sahnoun Z, Gharsallah N, Belbahri L. Phoenix dactylifera L. sap enhances wound healing in Wistar rats: Phytochemical and histological assessment. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 88:443-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Protective Effects of Dietary Supplementation with a Combination of Nutrients in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143135. [PMID: 26606074 PMCID: PMC4659639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigated the effects of intervention with a combination of nutrients in the amyloid precursor protein-presenilin (APP-PSN) C57BL/6J double transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods A total of 72 2-month-old APP-PSN mice were randomly assigned to three groups. The model group (MG) was fed regular, unsupplemented chow, while the low- and high-dose treatment groups (LG and HG, respectively) were given a combination of nutrients that included phosphatidylserine, blueberry extracts, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid as part of their diet. An additional 24 wild-type littermates that were fed unsupplemented chow served as the negative control group (NG). After 3 and 7 months of treatment, the cognitive performance was assessed with the Morris water maze and the shuttle box escape/avoidance task, and the biochemical parameters and oxidative stress were evaluated in both the blood and brain. Results An improvement in antioxidant capacity was observed in the treatment groups relative to the MG at 3 months, while superior behavioral test results were observed in the mice of the HG and NG groups. In the MG, pycnosis was detected in neuronal nuclei, and a loss of neurons was observed in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus. At 7 months, the β-amyloid1–42 peptide accumulation was significantly elevated in the MG but was markedly lower in the mice fed the nutrient combination. The antioxidant capacity and behavioral test scores were also higher in these mice. Conclusions Early intervention with a combination of nutrients should be considered as a strategy for preventing cognitive decline and other symptoms associated with AD.
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