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El Assar M, Rodríguez-Sánchez I, Álvarez-Bustos A, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Biomarkers of frailty. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 97:101271. [PMID: 38631189 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Several biomarkers have been proposed to identify frailty, a multisystemic age-related syndrome. However, the complex pathophysiology and the absence of a consensus on a comprehensive and universal definition make it challenging to pinpoint a singular biomarker or set of biomarkers that conclusively characterize frailty. This review delves into the main laboratory biomarkers, placing special emphasis on those associated with various pathways closely tied to the frailty condition, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic and endocrine alterations and microRNA. Additionally, we provide a summary of different clinical biomarkers encompassing different tools that have been proposed to assess frailty. We further address various imaging biomarkers such as Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, Bioelectrical Impedance analysis, Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasound and D3 Creatine dilution. Intervention to treat frailty, including non-pharmacological ones, especially those involving physical exercise and nutrition, and pharmacological interventions, that include those targeting specific mechanisms such as myostatin inhibitors, insulin sensitizer metformin and with special relevance for hormonal treatments are mentioned. We further address the levels of different biomarkers in monitoring the potential positive effects of some of these interventions. Despite the availability of numerous biomarkers, their performance and usefulness in the clinical arena are far from being satisfactory. Considering the multicausality of frailty, there is an increasing need to assess the role of sets of biomarkers and the combination between laboratory, clinical and image biomarkers, in terms of sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for the diagnosis and prognosis of the different outcomes of frailty to improve detection and monitoring of older people with frailty or at risk of developing it, being this a need in the everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Álvarez-Bustos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Zhang S, Yang B, Shen X, Chen H, Wang F, Tan Z, Ou W, Yang C, Liu C, Peng H, Luo P, Peng L, Lei Z, Yan S, Wang T, Ke Q, Deng C, Xiang AP, Xia K. AAV-mediated gene therapy restores natural fertility and improves physical function in the Lhcgr-deficient mouse model of Leydig cell failure. Cell Prolif 2024:e13680. [PMID: 38817099 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Leydig cell failure (LCF) caused by gene mutations leads to testosterone deficiency, infertility and reduced physical function. Adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8)-mediated gene therapy shows potential in treating LCF in the Lhcgr-deficient (Lhcgr-/-) mouse model. However, the gene-treated mice still cannot naturally sire offspring, indicating the modestly restored testosterone and spermatogenesis in AAV8-treated mice remain insufficient to support natural fertility. Recognizing this, we propose that enhancing gene delivery could yield superior results. Here, we screened a panel of AAV serotypes through in vivo transduction of mouse testes and identified AAVDJ as an impressively potent vector for testicular cells. Intratesticular injection of AAVDJ achieved markedly efficient transduction of Leydig cell progenitors, marking a considerable advance over conventional AAV8 vectors. AAVDJ-Lhcgr gene therapy was well tolerated and resulted in significant recovery of testosterone production, substantial improvement in sexual development, and remarkable restoration of spermatogenesis in Lhcgr-/- mice. Notably, this therapy restored fertility in Lhcgr-/- mice through natural mating, enabling the birth of second-generation. Additionally, this treatment led to remarkable improvements in adipose, muscle, and bone function in Lhcgr-/- mice. Collectively, our findings underscore AAVDJ-mediated gene therapy as a promising strategy for LCF and suggest its broader potential in addressing various reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyuan Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoting Shen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Center for Stem Cells Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fulin Wang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhipeng Tan
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wangsheng Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhong Shan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuifeng Yang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Congyuan Liu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Limei Peng
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenmin Lei
- Department of OB/GYN and Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sunxing Yan
- Guangzhou Cellgenes Biotechnology Co.,Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Ke
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunhua Deng
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Xia
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Asavamongkolkul A, Adulkasem N, Chotiyarnwong P, Vanitcharoenkul E, Chandhanayingyong C, Laohaprasitiporn P, Soparat K, Unnanuntana A. Prevalence of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and high falls risk in healthy community-dwelling Thai older adults: a nationwide cross-sectional study. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziad020. [PMID: 38505534 PMCID: PMC10945715 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Thailand has transitioned from an aging society to an aged society, which implies that the prevalence of age-related disorders will increase; however, epidemiological data specific to the prevalence of age-related degenerative musculoskeletal disorders among Thai older adults remain limited. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of age-related musculoskeletal diseases, including osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and high falls risk among healthy community-dwelling Thai older adults. This cross-sectional nationwide study enrolled Thai adults aged ≥60 yr from 2 randomly selected provinces from each of the 6 regions of Thailand via stratified multistage sampling during March 2021 to August 2022. All enrolled participants were evaluated for BMD, skeletal muscle mass, grip strength, and gait speed. Osteoporosis was diagnosed according to the World Health Organization definition, and sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria. Falls risk was determined using the self-rated Fall Risk Questionnaire. A total of 2991 eligible participants were recruited. The mean age of participants was 69.2 ± 6.5 yr (range: 60-107), and 63.1% were female. The prevalence of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and high falls risk was 29.7%, 18.1%, and 38.5%, respectively. Approximately one-fifth of subjects (19.1%) had at least 2 of 3 risk factors (ie, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and high falls risk) for sustaining a fragility fracture, and 3.4% had all 3 risk factors. In conclusion, the results of this study revealed a high and increasing prevalence of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and high falls risk in healthy community-dwelling Thai older adults. Since these conditions are all major risk factors for fragility fracture, modification of Thailand's national health care policy is urgently needed to address the increasing prevalence of these conditions among healthy community-dwelling older adults living in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichat Asavamongkolkul
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Nath Adulkasem
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Pojchong Chotiyarnwong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Ekasame Vanitcharoenkul
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | | | - Panai Laohaprasitiporn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Krabkaew Soparat
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Aasis Unnanuntana
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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Hosoi T, Yakabe M, Hashimoto S, Akishita M, Ogawa S. The roles of sex hormones in the pathophysiology of age-related sarcopenia and frailty. Reprod Med Biol 2024; 23:e12569. [PMID: 38476959 PMCID: PMC10927916 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia is an age-related condition characterized by a progressive and systemic decline in skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength. The incidence of sarcopenia contains sex-specific aspects, indicating the contribution of sex hormones to its pathophysiology. This review focuses on changing trends in sarcopenia, discusses alterations in definitions and diagnostic criteria, and emphasizes the association between sarcopenia and sex hormones. Methods A literature search was performed on PubMed for related articles published between 1997 and December 2023 using appropriate keywords. Main Findings Results Advances in research have emphasized the significance of muscle quality and strength over muscle mass, resulting in new diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. Androgens demonstrated anabolic effects on skeletal muscles and played a significant role in the pathophysiology of sarcopenia. In clinical settings, androgen replacement therapy has exhibited certain positive outcomes for treating sarcopenia, despite concerns about potential side effects. Conversely, estrogen is involved in skeletal muscle maintenance, but the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Moreover, results regarding the clinical application of estrogen replacement therapy for treating sarcopenia remained inconsistent. Conclusion The elucidation of molecular mechanisms that involve sex hormones is eagerly awaited for novel therapeutic interventions for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Hosoi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Yakabe
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Seiji Hashimoto
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Masahiro Akishita
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Sumito Ogawa
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
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Brown AM, Ganjayi MS, Baumann CW. RAD140 (Testolone) negatively impacts skeletal muscle adaptation, frailty status and mortality risk in female mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:973-983. [PMID: 37758180 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
RAD140 is a selective androgen receptor modulator that produces anabolic effects within skeletal muscle. Thus, RAD140 may be effective at treating sarcopenia. No long-term studies have investigated how RAD140 influences strength in ageing muscle. This study aimed to determine how 10 weeks of RAD140 supplementation impacts strength, recovery from exercise, and overall health in ageing mice. Young and adult females were assigned to receive RAD140 (5 mg/kg) or a control solution. Dorsiflexor muscles were exposed to repeated bouts of eccentric contractions, and torque was measured before and after each bout. Adaptive potential and strength gains were calculated to assess the efficacy of RAD140 in muscle, while frailty status and mortality risk were used to measure health span. Supplementation of RAD140 increased frailty status and mortality risk in the young and adult treated groups compared to the controls (p ≤ 0.042). RAD140 decreased adaptive potential in young (p = 0.040) but not adult mice (p = 0.688). Torque did not differ between groups after 2-3 weeks of recovery (p ≥ 0.135). In conclusion, long-term RAD140 supplementation reduced indices of overall health and failed to improve strength in female mice, suggesting that RAD140 (at a 5mg/kg dosage) may be more detrimental than beneficial in delaying or preventing sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Brown
- Honors Tutorial College, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Muni Swamy Ganjayi
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Cory W Baumann
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
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Rizk J, Sahu R, Duteil D. An overview on androgen-mediated actions in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Steroids 2023; 199:109306. [PMID: 37634653 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Androgens are a class of steroid hormones primarily associated with male sexual development and physiology, but exert pleiotropic effects in either sex. They have a crucial role in various physiological processes, including the regulation of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue homeostasis. The effects of androgens are mainly mediated through the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-activated nuclear receptor expressed in both tissues. In skeletal muscle, androgens via AR exert a multitude of effects, ranging from increased muscle mass and strength, to the regulation of muscle fiber type composition, contraction and metabolic functions. In adipose tissue, androgens influence several processes including proliferation, fat distribution, and metabolism but they display depot-specific and organism-specific effects which differ in certain context. This review further explores the potential mechanisms underlying androgen-AR signaling in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Understanding the roles of androgens and their receptor in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue is essential for elucidating their contributions to physiological processes, disease conditions, and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Rizk
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Rajesh Sahu
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Delphine Duteil
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France.
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Stojko M, Nocoń J, Piłat P, Szpila G, Smolarczyk J, Żmudka K, Moll M, Hawranek M. Innovative Reports on the Effects of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Abuse-How to Lose Your Mind for the Love of Sport. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1439. [PMID: 37629729 PMCID: PMC10456445 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (anabolic-androgenic steroids, AAS) are testosterone-derived compounds whose popularity and use are constantly growing. Chronic use of AAS leads to many hormonal and metabolic disorders in the human body, which often lead to permanent health damage. Changes affect the following systems: cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, reproductive, digestive, and nervous. We decided to collect the existing knowledge in the literature and enrich it with the latest research reports in the field of degenerative effects of AAS on the nervous system. The work aimed to increase public awareness of the dangers and consequences of AAS use and improve it with the latest research on the neurodegenerative effects of AAS. We hope that our work will contribute to raising public awareness and reducing the use of AAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Stojko
- Student’s Scientific Society, III Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jakub Nocoń
- Student’s Scientific Society, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Patrycja Piłat
- Student’s Scientific Society, III Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Gabriela Szpila
- Student’s Scientific Society, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Smolarczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 50-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Karol Żmudka
- Student’s Scientific Society, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Martyna Moll
- Student’s Scientific Society, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Hawranek
- III Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
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Sarcopenia phenotype and impaired muscle function in male mice with fast-twitch muscle-specific knockout of the androgen receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218032120. [PMID: 36669097 PMCID: PMC9942915 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218032120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is distinct from normal muscle atrophy in that it is closely related to a shift in the muscle fiber type. Deficiency of the anabolic action of androgen on skeletal muscles is associated with sarcopenia; however, the function of the androgen receptor (AR) pathway in sarcopenia remains poorly understood. We generated a mouse model (fast-twitch muscle-specific AR knockout [fmARKO] mice) in which the AR was selectively deleted in the fast-twitch muscle fibers. In young male mice, the deletion caused no change in muscle mass, but it reduced muscle strength and fatigue resistance and induced a shift in the soleus muscles from fast-twitch fibers to slow-twitch fibers (14% increase, P = 0.02). After middle age, with the control mice, the male fmARKO mice showed much less muscle function, accompanied by lower hindlimb muscle mass; this phenotype was similar to the progression of sarcopenia. The bone mineral density of the femur was significantly reduced in the fmARKO mice, indicating possible osteosarcopenia. Microarray and gene ontology analyses revealed that in male fmARKO mice, there was downregulation of polyamine biosynthesis-related geneswhich was confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay and the primary cultured myofibers. None of the AR deletion-related phenotypes were observed in female fmARKO mice. Our findings showed that the AR pathway had essential muscle type- and sex-specific roles in the differentiation toward fast-twitch fibers and in the maintenance of muscle composition and function. The AR in fast-twitch muscles was the dominant regulator of muscle fiber-type composition and muscle function, including the muscle-bone relationship.
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Torregrosa C, Chorin F, Beltran EEM, Neuzillet C, Cardot-Ruffino V. Physical Activity as the Best Supportive Care in Cancer: The Clinician's and the Researcher's Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5402. [PMID: 36358820 PMCID: PMC9655932 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidisciplinary supportive care, integrating the dimensions of exercise alongside oncological treatments, is now regarded as a new paradigm to improve patient survival and quality of life. Its impact is important on the factors that control tumor development, such as the immune system, inflammation, tissue perfusion, hypoxia, insulin resistance, metabolism, glucocorticoid levels, and cachexia. An increasing amount of research has been published in the last years on the effects of physical activity within the framework of oncology, marking the appearance of a new medical field, commonly known as "exercise oncology". This emerging research field is trying to determine the biological mechanisms by which, aerobic exercise affects the incidence of cancer, the progression and/or the appearance of metastases. We propose an overview of the current state of the art physical exercise interventions in the management of cancer patients, including a pragmatic perspective with tips for routine practice. We then develop the emerging mechanistic views about physical exercise and their potential clinical applications. Moving toward a more personalized, integrated, patient-centered, and multidisciplinary management, by trying to understand the different interactions between the cancer and the host, as well as the impact of the disease and the treatments on the different organs, this seems to be the most promising method to improve the care of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Torregrosa
- Oncologie Digestive, Département d’Oncologie Médicale Institut Curie, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin—Université Paris Saclay, 35, rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
- Département de Chirurgie Digestive et Oncologique, Hôpital Universitaire Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 9 avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Frédéric Chorin
- Laboratoire Motricité Humaine, Expertise, Sport, Santé (LAMHESS), HEALTHY Graduate School, Université Côte d’Azur, 06205 Nice, France
- Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau et du Mouvement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, 06205 Nice, France
| | - Eva Ester Molina Beltran
- Oncologie Digestive, Département d’Oncologie Médicale Institut Curie, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin—Université Paris Saclay, 35, rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Cindy Neuzillet
- Oncologie Digestive, Département d’Oncologie Médicale Institut Curie, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin—Université Paris Saclay, 35, rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
- GERCOR, 151 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75011 Paris, France
| | - Victoire Cardot-Ruffino
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Abstract
Cachexia is a complex wasting syndrome, accompanying a variety of end-stage chronic diseases, such as cancer, heart failure and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It significantly affects patients' quality of life and survival. Multiple therapeutic approaches have been studied over time. However, despite promising results, no drug has been approved to date. In this review, we examine and discuss the available data on the therapeutic effects of androgens and selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) for cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Giovanelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20100, Milan, Italy; Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20100, Milan, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals, NE1 4LP, UK.
| | - Richard Quinton
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals, NE1 4LP, UK; Translational & Clinical Research Institute, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
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Rubens M, Cristian A, Ramamoorthy V, Ruiz M, Saxena A, McGranaghan P, Tonse R, Veledar E. Impact of Frailty on Hospital Outcomes Among Patients with Lymphoid Malignancies Receiving Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in the United States. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2022; 22:e427-e434. [PMID: 35027337 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty could affect outcomes of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT). This study sought to examine the effects of frailty on hospital outcomes among patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and multiple myeloma (MM) who received aHSCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a retrospective analysis of Nationwide Inpatient Sample database, 2005 to 2014. Outcome variables were in-hospital mortality, prolonged length of stay and hospitalization cost. Frail patients were defined using the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups frailty-defining diagnosis indicator. RESULTS There were 20,573 NHL, 8,974 HL, and 40,750 MM patients. Among them, 5.5% NHL, 3.8% HL, and 4.8% MM patients were frail. Among patients with NHL, there were significant associations between frailty and in-hospital mortality (Odds Ratio [OR], 4.04, 95% CI: 2.11-7.76), and prolonged length of stay (OR, 2.32, 95% CI: 1.56-3.46). Similarly, among HL, there were significant associations between frailty and in-hospital mortality (OR, 1.82, 95% CI: 1.43-2.76), and prolonged length of stay (OR, 1.55, 95% CI: 1.34-2.84). Likewise, for MM, there were significant associations between frailty and in-hospital mortality (OR, 4.28, 95% CI: 2.16-8.48), and prolonged length of stay (OR, 3.00, 95% CI: 2.00-4.51). These associations remained significant after stratifying by age and comorbidities. Significant differences were observed in hospitalization cost between frail and non-frail patients. CONCLUSION Among patients with lymphoid malignancies undergoing HSCT, frailty was associated with greater in-hospital mortality, longer length of stay, and higher hospitalization costs. Comprehensive health status assessments for identifying and managing frail patients in this population could improve patient outcomes.
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12
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Sebo ZL, Rodeheffer MS. Testosterone metabolites differentially regulate obesogenesis and fat distribution. Mol Metab 2020; 44:101141. [PMID: 33307216 PMCID: PMC7772371 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low testosterone in men (hypogonadism) is associated with obesity and type II diabetes. Testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to reverse these effects. However, the mechanisms by which testosterone regulates total fat mass, fat distribution, and metabolic health are unclear. In this study, we clarify the impact of hypogonadism on these parameters, as well as parse the role of testosterone from its downstream metabolites, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and estradiol, in the regulation of depot-specific adipose tissue mass. METHODS To achieve this objective, we utilized mouse models of male hypogonadism coupled with hormone replacement therapy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), glucose tolerance tests, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS We observed that castrated mice develop increased fat mass, reduced muscle mass, and impaired glucose metabolism compared with gonadally intact males. Interestingly, obesity is further accelerated in castrated mice fed a high-fat diet, suggesting hypogonadism increases susceptibility to obesogenesis when dietary consumption of fat is elevated. By performing hormone replacement therapy in castrated mice, we show that testosterone impedes visceral and subcutaneous fat mass expansion. Testosterone-derived estradiol selectively blocks visceral fat growth, and DHT selectively blocks the growth of subcutaneous fat. These effects are mediated by depot-specific alterations in adipocyte size. We also show that high-fat diet-induced adipogenesis is elevated in castrated mice and that this can be rescued by androgen treatment. Obesogenic adipogenesis is also elevated in mice where androgen receptor activity is inhibited. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that hypogonadism impairs glucose metabolism and increases obesogenic fat mass expansion through adipocyte hypertrophy and adipogenesis. In addition, our findings highlight distinct roles for testosterone, DHT, and estradiol in the regulation of total fat mass and fat distribution and reveal that androgen signaling blocks obesogenic adipogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary L Sebo
- Yale University, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, USA
| | - Matthew S Rodeheffer
- Yale University, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, USA; Department of Physiology, Yale University, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, USA; Yale Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, USA.
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13
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Chang WP, Jen HJ. BMI differences between different genders working fixed day shifts and rotating shifts: a literature review and meta-analysis. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1754-1765. [PMID: 32873091 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1800027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to perform a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to understand the BMI differences between different genders working fixed day shifts and rotating shifts. The Pubmed, Medline, and Embase databases were searched using set keywords, thereby producing 42 studies. Study quality was assessed using appraisal criteria from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), and meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software (CMA) version 3. The indices were the means and standard deviations of BMI values from different genders working fixed day shifts and rotating shifts. The participants of the studies included a total of 43,193 individuals working rotating shifts and 185,875 individuals working fixed day shifts. The pooling effect size (SMD, standardized mean difference) presented was 0.19. The 95% confidence interval ranged from 0.10 to 0.281. The meta-regression analysis results showed that women had higher BMI values than men, the difference was statistically significant (p <.001). The heterogeneity test indicated statistically significant differences (p <.05), and the percentage of heterogeneity (I square) was 97.91%, which indicates that a high degree of heterogeneity exists among studies. A subgroup analysis by gender was conducted. For women, the pooling effect size was 0.25, and the 95% confidence interval ranged from 0.20 to 0.30. For men, the pooling effect size was 0.19, and the 95% confidence interval ranged from 0.05 to 0.33. This meta-analysis found that both women and men working rotating shifts have significantly higher BMI values than those working fixed day shifts. Finally, we divided the data into a cross-sectional group and a cohort group based on study design, and a meta-regression analysis conducted after controlling for age and nature of work variables revealed that in the cohort study, women presented higher BMI values than men, and the difference was statistically significant (p =.010). Thus, in terms of long-term effects, these results indicate that working rotating shifts exerts a greater impact on the BMI of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Pei Chang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University , New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ju Jen
- Department of Nursing, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University , New Taipei City, Taiwan
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14
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Lemus Barrios GA, Morales Benavidez DC, López Salazar AM, Henao V, González-Robledo G. Evaluación de la fragilidad en la enfermedad cardiovascular: Un reto necesario. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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15
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Hosoi T, Kojima T, Ishii S, Ogawa S, Akishita M. Effect of testosterone replacement therapy on sarcopenia: Case report of an older man with late‐onset hypogonadism. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20:85-86. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Hosoi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Taro Kojima
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinya Ishii
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Sumito Ogawa
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Masahiro Akishita
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
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16
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Sun XL, Hao QK, Tang RJ, Xiao C, Ge ML, Dong BR. Frailty and Rejuvenation with Stem Cells: Therapeutic Opportunities and Clinical Challenges. Rejuvenation Res 2019; 22:484-497. [PMID: 30693831 PMCID: PMC6919243 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2017.2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty, one appealing target for improving successful aging of the elderly population, is a common clinical syndrome based on the accumulation of multisystemic function declines and the increase in susceptibility to stressors during biological aging. The age-dependent senescence, the frailty-related stem cell depletion, chronic inflammation, imbalance of immune homeostasis, and the reduction of multipotent stem cells collectively suggest the rational hypothesis that it is possible to (partially) cure frailty with stem cells. This systematic review has included all of the human trials of stem cell therapy for frailty from the main electronic databases and printed materials and screened the closely related reviews themed on the mechanisms of aging, frailty, and stem cells, to provide more insights in stem cell strategies for frailty, one promising method to recover health from a frail status. To date, a total of four trials about this subject have been registered on clinicaltrials.gov. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), doses of 100 million cells, single peripheral intravenous infusion, follow-up periods of 6–12 months, and a focus primarily on safety and secondarily on efficacy are common characteristics of these studies. We conclude that intravenous infusion of allogenic MSCs is safe, well tolerated, and preliminarily effective clinically. More preclinical experiments and clinical trials are warranted to precisely elucidate the mechanism, safety, and efficacy of frailty stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Sun
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Sichuan for Elderly Care and Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu-Kui Hao
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren-Jie Tang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Urology, Chengdu Sixth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun Xiao
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Engineering Research Institute of Chi Ding Sheng Tong, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei-Ling Ge
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Sichuan for Elderly Care and Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Bi-Rong Dong
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Sichuan for Elderly Care and Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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17
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Testosterone Replacement Therapy and Rehospitalization in Older Men With Testosterone Deficiency in a Postacute Care Setting. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2019; 98:456-459. [PMID: 30624240 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine whether receipt of testosterone replacement therapy was associated with reduced 30-day rehospitalization after postacute care among older men with testosterone deficiency. DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a 5% national sample of Medicare beneficiaries. We identified 1290 nonsurgical inpatient postacute care discharges between January 1, 2007, and October 31, 2014, for male patients, 66 yrs or older, with a previous diagnosis of testosterone deficiency. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for 30-day postacute care rehospitalization related to receipt of testosterone replacement therapy. RESULTS In older men with testosterone deficiency, receipt of testosterone replacement therapy was not associated with rehospitalization (odds ratio = 0.87, 95% confidence interval, 0.59-1.29) in the 30 days after postacute care discharge. These findings persisted after adjustment for quintile of propensity scores (odds ratio = 0.90, 95% confidence interval = 0.62-1.30). CONCLUSION Testosterone replacement therapy was not associated with reduced rehospitalization after postacute care discharge in older men with testosterone deficiency. Further research in this population should examine the effects of testosterone replacement therapy on functional recovery and community independence.
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18
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Kim J, Grotegut CA, Wisler JW, Li T, Mao L, Chen M, Chen W, Rosenberg PB, Rockman HA, Lefkowitz RJ. β-arrestin 1 regulates β2-adrenergic receptor-mediated skeletal muscle hypertrophy and contractility. Skelet Muscle 2018; 8:39. [PMID: 30591079 PMCID: PMC6309084 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-018-0184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β2-adrenergic receptors (β2ARs) are the target of catecholamines and play fundamental roles in cardiovascular, pulmonary, and skeletal muscle physiology. An important action of β2AR stimulation on skeletal muscle is anabolic growth, which has led to the use of agonists such as clenbuterol by athletes to enhance muscle performance. While previous work has demonstrated that β2ARs can engage distinct signaling and functional cascades mediated by either G proteins or the multifunctional adaptor protein, β-arrestin, the precise role of β-arrestin in skeletal muscle physiology is not known. Here, we tested the hypothesis that agonist activation of the β2AR by clenbuterol would engage β-arrestin as a key transducer of anabolic skeletal muscle growth. METHODS The contractile force of isolated extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL) and calcium signaling in isolated flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) fibers were examined from the wild-type (WT) and β-arrestin 1 knockout mice (βarr1KO) followed by chronic administration of clenbuterol (1 mg/kg/d). Hypertrophic responses including fiber composition and fiber size were examined by immunohistochemical imaging. We performed a targeted phosphoproteomic analysis on clenbuterol stimulated primary cultured myoblasts from WT and βarr1KO mice. Statistical significance was determined by using a two-way analysis with Sidak's or Tukey's multiple comparison test and the Student's t test. RESULTS Chronic administration of clenbuterol to WT mice enhanced the contractile force of EDL muscle and calcium signaling in isolated FDB fibers. In contrast, when administered to βarr1KO mice, the effect of clenbuterol on contractile force and calcium influx was blunted. While clenbuterol-induced hypertrophic responses were observed in WT mice, this response was abrogated in mice lacking β-arrestin 1. In primary cultured myoblasts, clenbuterol-stimulated phosphorylation of multiple pro-hypertrophy proteins required the presence of β-arrestin 1. CONCLUSIONS We have identified a previously unappreciated role for β-arrestin 1 in mediating β2AR-stimulated skeletal muscle growth and strength. We propose these findings could have important implications in the design of future pharmacologic agents aimed at reversing pathological conditions associated with skeletal muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Kim
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chad A Grotegut
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James W Wisler
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lan Mao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Duke Cardiovascular Physiology Core, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Minyong Chen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Paul B Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Howard A Rockman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Departments of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert J Lefkowitz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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19
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Schulman IH, Balkan W, Hare JM. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Aging Frailty. Front Nutr 2018; 5:108. [PMID: 30498696 PMCID: PMC6249304 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases and degenerative conditions are strongly linked with the geriatric syndrome of frailty and account for a disproportionate percentage of the health care budget. Frailty increases the risk of falls, hospitalization, institutionalization, disability, and death. By definition, frailty syndrome is characterized by declines in lean body mass, strength, endurance, balance, gait speed, activity and energy levels, and organ physiologic reserve. Collectively, these changes lead to the loss of homeostasis and capability to withstand stressors and resulting vulnerabilities. There is a strong link between frailty, inflammation, and the impaired ability to repair tissue injury due to decreases in endogenous stem cell production. Although exercise and nutritional supplementation provide benefit to frail patients, there are currently no specific therapies for frailty. Bone marrow-derived allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide therapeutic benefits in heart failure patients irrespective of age. MSCs contribute to cellular repair and tissue regeneration through their multilineage differentiation capacity, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects, homing and migratory capacity to injury sites, and stimulatory effect on endogenous tissue progenitors. The advantages of using MSCs as a therapeutic strategy include standardization of isolation and culture expansion techniques and safety in allogeneic transplantation. Based on this evidence, we performed a randomized, double-blinded, dose-finding study in elderly, frail individuals and showed that intravenously delivered allogeneic MSCs are safe and produce significant improvements in physical performance measures and inflammatory biomarkers. We thus propose that frailty can be treated and the link between frailty and chronic inflammation offers a potential therapeutic target, addressable by cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Hernandez Schulman
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Wayne Balkan
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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20
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Nightingale TE, Moore P, Harman J, Khalil R, Gill RS, Castillo T, Adler RA, Gorgey AS. Body composition changes with testosterone replacement therapy following spinal cord injury and aging: A mini review. J Spinal Cord Med 2018; 41:624-636. [PMID: 28770686 PMCID: PMC6217462 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2017.1357917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Hypogonadism is a male clinical condition in which the body does not produce enough testosterone. Testosterone plays a key role in maintaining body composition, bone mineral density, sexual function, mood, erythropoiesis, cognition and quality of life. Hypogonadism can occur due to several underlying pathologies during aging and in men with physical disabilities, such as spinal cord injury (SCI). This condition is often under diagnosed and as a result, symptoms undertreated. Methods In this mini-review, we propose that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) may be a viable strategy to improve lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass (FM) in men with SCI. Evidence Synthesis Supplementing the limited data from SCI cohorts with consistent findings from studies in non-disabled aging men, we present evidence that, relative to placebo, transdermal TRT can increase LBM and reduce FM over 3-36 months. The impact of TRT on bone mineral density and metabolism is also discussed, with particular relevance for persons with SCI. Moreover, the risks of TRT remain controversial and pertinent safety considerations related to transdermal administration are outlined. Conclusion Further research is necessary to help develop clinical guidelines for the specific dose and duration of TRT in persons with SCI. Therefore, we call for more high-quality randomized controlled trials to examine the efficacy and safety of TRT in this population, which experiences an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases as a result of deleterious body composition changes after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom E. Nightingale
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Pamela Moore
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Joshua Harman
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Refka Khalil
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ranjodh S. Gill
- Endocrinology Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA,Endocrine Division, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Teodoro Castillo
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert A. Adler
- Endocrinology Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA,Endocrine Division, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ashraf S. Gorgey
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Center, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA,Correspondence to: Ashraf S. Gorgey, Department of Veterans Affairs, Hunter Holmes McGuire Medical Center, Spinal Cord Injury & Disorders Service, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA 23249, USA.
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21
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Integrative metabolic and transcriptomic profiling of prostate cancer tissue containing reactive stroma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14269. [PMID: 30250137 PMCID: PMC6155140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive stroma is a tissue feature commonly observed in the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer and has previously been associated with more aggressive tumors. The aim of this study was to detect differentially expressed genes and metabolites according to reactive stroma content measured on the exact same prostate cancer tissue sample. Reactive stroma was evaluated using histopathology from 108 fresh frozen prostate cancer samples gathered from 43 patients after prostatectomy (Biobank1). A subset of the samples was analyzed both for metabolic (n = 85) and transcriptomic alterations (n = 78) using high resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HR-MAS MRS) and RNA microarray, respectively. Recurrence-free survival was assessed in patients with clinical follow-up of minimum five years (n = 38) using biochemical recurrence (BCR) as endpoint. Multivariate metabolomics and gene expression analysis compared low (≤15%) against high reactive stroma content (≥16%). High reactive stroma content was associated with BCR in prostate cancer patients even when accounting for the influence of Grade Group (Cox hazard proportional analysis, p = 0.013). In samples with high reactive stroma content, metabolites and genes linked to immune functions and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling were significantly upregulated. Future validation of these findings is important to reveal novel biomarkers and drug targets connected to immune mechanisms and ECM in prostate cancer. The fact that high reactive stroma grading is connected to BCR adds further support for the clinical integration of this histopathological evaluation.
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Carson RG. Get a grip: individual variations in grip strength are a marker of brain health. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 71:189-222. [PMID: 30172220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Demonstrations that grip strength has predictive power in relation to a range of health conditions-even when these are assessed decades later-has motivated claims that hand-grip dynamometry has the potential to serve as a "vital sign" for middle-aged and older adults. Central to this belief has been the assumption that grip strength is a simple measure of physical performance that provides a marker of muscle status in general, and sarcopenia in particular. It is now evident that while differences in grip strength between individuals are influenced by musculoskeletal factors, "lifespan" changes in grip strength within individuals are exquisitely sensitive to integrity of neural systems that mediate the control of coordinated movement. The close and pervasive relationships between age-related declines in maximum grip strength and expressions of cognitive dysfunction can therefore be understood in terms of the convergent functional and structural mediation of cognitive and motor processes by the human brain. In the context of aging, maximum grip strength is a discriminating measure of neurological function and brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Carson
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia.
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Hsu B, Cumming RG, Handelsman DJ. Testosterone, frailty and physical function in older men. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2018; 13:159-165. [PMID: 30058896 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2018.1475227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Age-related decline in serum testosterone (T) has been suggested in some studies to be associated with individual components of frailty: diminished energy, muscle strength and physical function. AREAS COVERED The aim of this study is to comprehensively review evidence from observational and interventional studies on the relationship of T to frailty in older men. We reviewed observational studies exploring the relationship between circulating T and its potent metabolite dihydrotestosterone (DHT) with frailty. We further reviewed the effects of T treatment on lean mass, muscle strength and physical function in both frail and non-frail older men. EXPERT COMMENTARY T treatment may provide modest improvements in lean mass among both frail and non-frail older men, but current evidence on the T effect on muscle strength is conflicting and the effect on physical function is weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjumin Hsu
- a ANZAC Research Institute , University of Sydney and Concord Hospital , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
- b Centre for Big Data Research in Health , UNSW Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Robert G Cumming
- a ANZAC Research Institute , University of Sydney and Concord Hospital , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
- c School of Public Health , University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- a ANZAC Research Institute , University of Sydney and Concord Hospital , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
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24
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Thevis M, Schänzer W. Detection of SARMs in doping control analysis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 464:34-45. [PMID: 28137616 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The class of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) has been the subject of intense and dedicated clinical research over the past two decades. Potential therapeutic applications of SARMs are manifold and focus particularly on the treatment of conditions manifesting in muscle loss such as general sarcopenia, cancer-associated cachexia, muscular dystrophy, etc. Consequently, based on the substantial muscle- and bone-anabolic properties of SARMs, these agents constitute substances with significant potential for misuse in sport and have therefore been added to the Word Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA's) Prohibited List in 2008. Since then, numerous adverse analytical findings have been reported for various different SARMs, which has underlined the importance of proactive and preventive anti-doping measures concerning emerging drugs such as these anabolic agents, which have evidently been misused in sport despite the fact that none of these SARMs has yet received full clinical approval. In this review, analytical data on SARMs generated in the context of research conducted for sports drug testing purposes are summarized and state-of-the-art test methods aiming at intact drugs as well as diagnostic urinary metabolites are discussed. Doping control analytical approaches predominantly rely on chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry, which have allowed for appropriately covering the considerable variety of pharmacophores present in SARMs such as the non-steroidal representatives ACP-105, BMS-564929, GLPG0492 (DT-200), LG-121071, LGD-2226, LGD-4033/VK 5211, ostarine/enobosarm, RAD-140, S-40503, etc. as well as steroidal compounds such as MK-0773 and YK-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Thevis
- German Sport University Cologne, Center for Preventive Doping Research/Institute of Biochemistry, Am Sportpark Muengersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany; European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents (EuMoCEDA), Cologne/Bonn, Germany.
| | - Wilhelm Schänzer
- German Sport University Cologne, Center for Preventive Doping Research/Institute of Biochemistry, Am Sportpark Muengersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
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English RS. A hypothetical pathogenesis model for androgenic alopecia: clarifying the dihydrotestosterone paradox and rate-limiting recovery factors. Med Hypotheses 2017; 111:73-81. [PMID: 29407002 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Androgenic alopecia, also known as pattern hair loss, is a chronic progressive condition that affects 80% of men and 50% of women throughout a lifetime. But despite its prevalence and extensive study, a coherent pathology model describing androgenic alopecia's precursors, biological step-processes, and physiological responses does not yet exist. While consensus is that androgenic alopecia is genetic and androgen-mediated by dihydrotestosterone, questions remain regarding dihydrotestosterone's exact role in androgenic alopecia onset. What causes dihydrotestosterone to increase in androgenic alopecia-prone tissues? By which mechanisms does dihydrotestosterone miniaturize androgenic alopecia-prone hair follicles? Why is dihydrotestosterone also associated with hair growth in secondary body and facial hair? Why does castration (which decreases androgen production by 95%) stop pattern hair loss, but not fully reverse it? Is there a relationship between dihydrotestosterone and tissue remodeling observed alongside androgenic alopecia onset? We review evidence supporting and challenging dihydrotestosterone's causal relationship with androgenic alopecia, then propose an evidence-based pathogenesis model that attempts to answer the above questions, account for additionally-suspected androgenic alopecia mediators, identify rate-limiting recovery factors, and elucidate better treatment targets. The hypothesis argues that: (1) chronic scalp tension transmitted from the galea aponeurotica induces an inflammatory response in androgenic alopecia-prone tissues; (2) dihydrotestosterone increases in androgenic alopecia-prone tissues as part of this inflammatory response; and (3) dihydrotestosterone does not directly miniaturize hair follicles. Rather, dihydrotestosterone is a co-mediator of tissue dermal sheath thickening, perifollicular fibrosis, and calcification - three chronic, progressive conditions concomitant with androgenic alopecia progression. These conditions remodel androgenic alopecia-prone tissues - restricting follicle growth space, oxygen, and nutrient supply - leading to the slow, persistent hair follicle miniaturization characterized in androgenic alopecia. If true, this hypothetical model explains the mechanisms by which dihydrotestosterone miniaturizes androgenic alopecia-prone hair follicles, describes a rationale for androgenic alopecia progression and patterning, makes sense of dihydrotestosterone's paradoxical role in hair loss and hair growth, and identifies targets to further improve androgenic alopecia recovery rates: fibrosis, calcification, and chronic scalp tension.
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Yalamanchi S, Kalyani RR, Buta B, Dobs A. Testosterone and Physical Function. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-017-0136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Traish AM. Benefits and Health Implications of Testosterone Therapy in Men With Testosterone Deficiency. Sex Med Rev 2017; 6:86-105. [PMID: 29128268 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testosterone (T) deficiency (TD; hypogonadism) has deleterious effects on men's health; negatively affects glycometabolic and cardiometabolic functions, body composition, and bone mineral density; contributes to anemia and sexual dysfunction; and lowers quality of life. T therapy (TTh) has been used for the past 8 decades to treat TD, with positive effects on signs and symptoms of TD. AIM To summarize the health benefits of TTh in men with TD. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was carried out using PubMed, articles relevant to TTh were accessed and evaluated, and a comprehensive summary was synthesized. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Improvements in signs and symptoms of TD reported in observational studies, registries, clinical trials, and meta-analyses were reviewed and summarized. RESULTS A large body of evidence provides significant valuable information pertaining to the therapeutic value of TTh in men with TD. TTh in men with TD provides real health benefits for bone mineral density, anemia, sexual function, glycometabolic and cardiometabolic function, and improvements in body composition, anthropometric parameters, and quality of life. CONCLUSION TTh in the physiologic range for men with TD is a safe and effective therapeutic modality and imparts great benefits on men's health and quality of life. Traish AM. Benefits and Health Implications of Testosterone Therapy in Men With Testosterone Deficiency. Sex Med Rev 2018;6:86-105.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmaged M Traish
- Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boson, MA, USA.
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28
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Thevis M, Piper T, Dib J, Lagojda A, Kühne D, Packschies L, Geyer H, Schänzer W. Mass spectrometric characterization of the selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) YK-11 for doping control purposes. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1175-1183. [PMID: 28440570 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) represent an emerging class of therapeutics targeting inter alia conditions referred to as cachexia and sarcopenia. Due to their anabolic properties, the use of SARMs is prohibited in sports as regulated by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), and doping control laboratories test for these anabolic agents in blood and urine. In order to accomplish and maintain comprehensive test methods, the characterization of new drug candidates is critical for efficient sports drug testing. Hence, in the present study the mass spectrometric properties of the SARM YK-11 were investigated. METHODS YK-11 was synthesized according to literature data and three different stable-isotope-labeled analogs were prepared to support the mass spectrometric studies. Using high-resolution/high-accuracy mass spectrometry following electrospray ionization as well as electron ionization, the dissociation pathways of YK-11 were investigated, and characteristic features of its (product ion) mass spectra were elucidated. These studies were flanked by density functional theory (DFT) computation providing information on proton affinities of selected functional groups of the analyte. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The steroidal SARM YK-11 was found to readily protonate under ESI conditions followed by substantial in-source dissociation processes eliminating methanol, acetic acid methyl ester, and/or ketene. DFT computation yielded energetically favored structures of the protonated species resulting from the aforementioned elimination processes particularly following protonation of the steroidal D-ring substituent. Underlying dissociation pathways were suggested, supported by stable-isotope labeling of the analyte, and diagnostic product ions for the steroidal nucleus and the D-ring substituent were identified. Further, trimethylsilylated YK-11 and its deuterated analogs were subjected to electron ionization high-resolution/high-accuracy mass spectrometry, complementing the dataset characterizing this new SARM. The obtained fragment ions resulted primarily from A/B- and C/D-ring structures of the steroidal nucleus, thus supporting future studies e.g. concerning metabolic pathways of the substance. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Thevis
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
- European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents (EuMoCEDA), Cologne/Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Piper
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Josef Dib
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Kühne
- Bayer AG, Alfred-Nobel-Str. 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany
| | - Lars Packschies
- Regional Computing Centre (RRZK), University of Cologne, Weyertal 121, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans Geyer
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
- European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents (EuMoCEDA), Cologne/Bonn, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schänzer
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
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Sacha J, Sacha M, Soboń J, Borysiuk Z, Feusette P. Is It Time to Begin a Public Campaign Concerning Frailty and Pre-frailty? A Review Article. Front Physiol 2017; 8:484. [PMID: 28744225 PMCID: PMC5504234 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a state that encompasses losses in physical, psychological or social domains. Therefore, frail people demonstrate a reduced potential to manage external stressors and to respond to life incidents. Consequently, such persons are prone to various adverse consequences such as falls, cognitive decline, infections, hospitalization, disability, institutionalization, and death. Pre-frailty is a condition predisposing and usually preceding the frailty state. Early detection of frailty (i.e., pre-frailty) may present an opportunity to introduce effective management to improve outcomes. Exercise training appears to be the basis of such management in addition to periodic monitoring of food intake and body weight. However, various nutritional supplements and other probable interventions, such as treatment with vitamin D or androgen, require further investigation. Notably, many societies are not conscious of frailty as a health problem. In fact, people generally do not realize that they can change this unfavorable trajectory to senility. As populations age, it is reasonable to begin treating frailty similarly to other population-affecting disorders (e.g., obesity, diabetes or cardiovascular diseases) and implement appropriate preventative measures. Social campaigns should inform societies about age-related frailty and pre-frailty and suggest appropriate lifestyles to avoid or delay these conditions. In this article, we review current information concerning therapeutic interventions in frailty and pre-frailty and discuss whether a greater public awareness of such conditions and some preventative and therapeutic measures may decrease their prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Sacha
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of TechnologyOpole, Poland
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of the University of OpoleOpole, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Soboń
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of TechnologyOpole, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Borysiuk
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of TechnologyOpole, Poland
| | - Piotr Feusette
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of the University of OpoleOpole, Poland
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Hofer MD, Kapur P, Cordon BH, Hamoun F, Russell D, Scott JM, Roehrborn CG, Morey AF. Low Testosterone Levels Result in Decreased Periurethral Vascularity via an Androgen Receptor-mediated Process: Pilot Study in Urethral Stricture Tissue. Urology 2017; 105:175-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Kupr B, Schnyder S, Handschin C. Role of Nuclear Receptors in Exercise-Induced Muscle Adaptations. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:a029835. [PMID: 28242783 PMCID: PMC5453380 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is not only one of the largest, but also one of the most dynamic organs. For example, plasticity elicited by endurance or resistance exercise entails complex transcriptional programs that are still poorly understood. Various signaling pathways are engaged in the contracting muscle fiber and collectively culminate in the modulation of the activity of numerous transcription factors (TFs) and coregulators. Because exercise confers many benefits for the prevention and treatment of a wide variety of pathologies, pharmacological activation of signaling pathways and TFs is an attractive avenue to elicit therapeutic effects. Members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily are of particular interest owing to the presence of well-defined DNA- and ligand-binding domains. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the involvement of NRs in muscle biology and exercise adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kupr
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Won Won
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Clifton S, Macdowall W, Copas AJ, Tanton C, Keevil BG, Lee DM, Mitchell KR, Field N, Sonnenberg P, Bancroft J, Mercer CH, Wallace AM, Johnson AM, Wellings K, Wu FCW. Salivary Testosterone Levels and Health Status in Men and Women in the British General Population: Findings from the Third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:3939-3951. [PMID: 27552539 PMCID: PMC5095233 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Salivary T (Sal-T) measurement by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy resents the opportunity to examine health correlates of Sal-T in a large-scale population survey. OBJECTIVE This study sought to examine associations between Sal-T and health-related factors in men and women age 18-74 years. DESIGN AND SETTING Morning saliva samples were obtained from participants in a cross-sectional probability-sample survey of the general British population (Natsal-3). Self-reported health and lifestyle questions were administered as part of a wider sexual health interview. PARTICIPANTS Study participants included 1599 men and 2123 women. METHODS Sal-T was measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. Linear regression was used to examine associations between health factors and mean Sal-T. RESULTS In men, mean Sal-T was associated with a range of health factors after age adjustment, and showed a strong independent negative association with body mass index (BMI) in multivariable analysis. Men reporting cardiovascular disease or currently taking medication for depression had lower age-adjusted Sal-T, although there was no association with cardiovascular disease after adjustment for BMI. The decline in Sal-T with increasing age remained after adjustment for health-related factors. In women, Sal-T declined with increasing age; however, there were no age-independent associations with health-related factors or specific heath conditions with the exception of higher Sal-T in smokers. CONCLUSIONS Sal-T levels were associated, independently of age, with a range of self-reported health markers, particularly BMI, in men but not women. The findings support the view that there is an age-related decline in Sal-T in men and women, which cannot be explained by an increase in ill health. Our results demonstrate the potential of Sal-T as a convenient measure of tissue androgen exposure for population research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Clifton
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health (S.C., A.J.C., C.T., N.F., P.S., C.H.M., A.M.J.), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Social and Environmental Health Research (W.M., K.R.M., K.W.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.K.), University Hospital S Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, School of Social Sciences (D.M.L.), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (K.R.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Kinsey Institute (J.B.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.M.W.), Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, United Kingdom; and Andrology Research Unit (F.C.W.W.), Manchester Centre of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - W Macdowall
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health (S.C., A.J.C., C.T., N.F., P.S., C.H.M., A.M.J.), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Social and Environmental Health Research (W.M., K.R.M., K.W.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.K.), University Hospital S Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, School of Social Sciences (D.M.L.), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (K.R.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Kinsey Institute (J.B.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.M.W.), Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, United Kingdom; and Andrology Research Unit (F.C.W.W.), Manchester Centre of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A J Copas
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health (S.C., A.J.C., C.T., N.F., P.S., C.H.M., A.M.J.), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Social and Environmental Health Research (W.M., K.R.M., K.W.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.K.), University Hospital S Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, School of Social Sciences (D.M.L.), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (K.R.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Kinsey Institute (J.B.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.M.W.), Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, United Kingdom; and Andrology Research Unit (F.C.W.W.), Manchester Centre of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - C Tanton
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health (S.C., A.J.C., C.T., N.F., P.S., C.H.M., A.M.J.), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Social and Environmental Health Research (W.M., K.R.M., K.W.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.K.), University Hospital S Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, School of Social Sciences (D.M.L.), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (K.R.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Kinsey Institute (J.B.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.M.W.), Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, United Kingdom; and Andrology Research Unit (F.C.W.W.), Manchester Centre of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - B G Keevil
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health (S.C., A.J.C., C.T., N.F., P.S., C.H.M., A.M.J.), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Social and Environmental Health Research (W.M., K.R.M., K.W.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.K.), University Hospital S Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, School of Social Sciences (D.M.L.), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (K.R.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Kinsey Institute (J.B.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.M.W.), Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, United Kingdom; and Andrology Research Unit (F.C.W.W.), Manchester Centre of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - D M Lee
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health (S.C., A.J.C., C.T., N.F., P.S., C.H.M., A.M.J.), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Social and Environmental Health Research (W.M., K.R.M., K.W.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.K.), University Hospital S Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, School of Social Sciences (D.M.L.), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (K.R.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Kinsey Institute (J.B.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.M.W.), Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, United Kingdom; and Andrology Research Unit (F.C.W.W.), Manchester Centre of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - K R Mitchell
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health (S.C., A.J.C., C.T., N.F., P.S., C.H.M., A.M.J.), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Social and Environmental Health Research (W.M., K.R.M., K.W.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.K.), University Hospital S Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, School of Social Sciences (D.M.L.), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (K.R.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Kinsey Institute (J.B.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.M.W.), Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, United Kingdom; and Andrology Research Unit (F.C.W.W.), Manchester Centre of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - N Field
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health (S.C., A.J.C., C.T., N.F., P.S., C.H.M., A.M.J.), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Social and Environmental Health Research (W.M., K.R.M., K.W.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.K.), University Hospital S Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, School of Social Sciences (D.M.L.), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (K.R.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Kinsey Institute (J.B.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.M.W.), Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, United Kingdom; and Andrology Research Unit (F.C.W.W.), Manchester Centre of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - P Sonnenberg
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health (S.C., A.J.C., C.T., N.F., P.S., C.H.M., A.M.J.), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Social and Environmental Health Research (W.M., K.R.M., K.W.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.K.), University Hospital S Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, School of Social Sciences (D.M.L.), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (K.R.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Kinsey Institute (J.B.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.M.W.), Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, United Kingdom; and Andrology Research Unit (F.C.W.W.), Manchester Centre of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - J Bancroft
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health (S.C., A.J.C., C.T., N.F., P.S., C.H.M., A.M.J.), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Social and Environmental Health Research (W.M., K.R.M., K.W.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.K.), University Hospital S Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, School of Social Sciences (D.M.L.), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (K.R.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Kinsey Institute (J.B.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.M.W.), Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, United Kingdom; and Andrology Research Unit (F.C.W.W.), Manchester Centre of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - C H Mercer
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health (S.C., A.J.C., C.T., N.F., P.S., C.H.M., A.M.J.), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Social and Environmental Health Research (W.M., K.R.M., K.W.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.K.), University Hospital S Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, School of Social Sciences (D.M.L.), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (K.R.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Kinsey Institute (J.B.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.M.W.), Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, United Kingdom; and Andrology Research Unit (F.C.W.W.), Manchester Centre of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A M Wallace
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health (S.C., A.J.C., C.T., N.F., P.S., C.H.M., A.M.J.), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Social and Environmental Health Research (W.M., K.R.M., K.W.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.K.), University Hospital S Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, School of Social Sciences (D.M.L.), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (K.R.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Kinsey Institute (J.B.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.M.W.), Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, United Kingdom; and Andrology Research Unit (F.C.W.W.), Manchester Centre of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - A M Johnson
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health (S.C., A.J.C., C.T., N.F., P.S., C.H.M., A.M.J.), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Social and Environmental Health Research (W.M., K.R.M., K.W.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.K.), University Hospital S Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, School of Social Sciences (D.M.L.), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (K.R.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Kinsey Institute (J.B.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.M.W.), Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, United Kingdom; and Andrology Research Unit (F.C.W.W.), Manchester Centre of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - K Wellings
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health (S.C., A.J.C., C.T., N.F., P.S., C.H.M., A.M.J.), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Social and Environmental Health Research (W.M., K.R.M., K.W.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.K.), University Hospital S Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, School of Social Sciences (D.M.L.), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (K.R.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Kinsey Institute (J.B.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.M.W.), Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, United Kingdom; and Andrology Research Unit (F.C.W.W.), Manchester Centre of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - F C W Wu
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health (S.C., A.J.C., C.T., N.F., P.S., C.H.M., A.M.J.), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Department of Social and Environmental Health Research (W.M., K.R.M., K.W.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.K.), University Hospital S Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, School of Social Sciences (D.M.L.), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (K.R.M.), University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Kinsey Institute (J.B.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (A.M.W.), Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, United Kingdom; and Andrology Research Unit (F.C.W.W.), Manchester Centre of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Angulo J, El Assar M, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Frailty and sarcopenia as the basis for the phenotypic manifestation of chronic diseases in older adults. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 50:1-32. [PMID: 27370407 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a functional status that precedes disability and is characterized by decreased functional reserve and increased vulnerability. In addition to disability, the frailty phenotype predicts falls, institutionalization, hospitalization and mortality. Frailty is the consequence of the interaction between the aging process and some chronic diseases and conditions that compromise functional systems and finally produce sarcopenia. Many of the clinical manifestations of frailty are explained by sarcopenia which is closely related to poor physical performance. Reduced regenerative capacity, malperfusion, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation compose the sarcopenic skeletal muscle alterations associated to the frailty phenotype. Inflammation appears as a common determinant for chronic diseases, sarcopenia and frailty. The strategies to prevent the frailty phenotype include an adequate amount of physical activity and exercise as well as pharmacological interventions such as myostatin inhibitors and specific androgen receptor modulators. Cell response to stress pathways such as Nrf2, sirtuins and klotho could be considered as future therapeutic interventions for the management of frailty phenotype and aging-related chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Angulo
- Unidad de Investigación Cardiovascular (IRYCIS/UFV), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariam El Assar
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
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Dalbo VJ, Roberts MD, Mobley CB, Ballmann C, Kephart WC, Fox CD, Santucci VA, Conover CF, Beggs LA, Balaez A, Hoerr FJ, Yarrow JF, Borst SE, Beck DT. Testosterone and trenbolone enanthate increase mature myostatin protein expression despite increasing skeletal muscle hypertrophy and satellite cell number in rodent muscle. Andrologia 2016; 49. [PMID: 27246614 DOI: 10.1111/and.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The androgen-induced alterations in adult rodent skeletal muscle fibre cross-sectional area (fCSA), satellite cell content and myostatin (Mstn) were examined in 10-month-old Fisher 344 rats (n = 41) assigned to Sham surgery, orchiectomy (ORX), ORX + testosterone (TEST; 7.0 mg week-1 ) or ORX + trenbolone (TREN; 1.0 mg week-1 ). After 29 days, animals were euthanised and the levator ani/bulbocavernosus (LABC) muscle complex was harvested for analyses. LABC muscle fCSA was 102% and 94% higher in ORX + TEST and ORX + TREN compared to ORX (p < .001). ORX + TEST and ORX + TREN increased satellite cell numbers by 181% and 178% compared to ORX, respectively (p < .01), with no differences between conditions for myonuclear number per muscle fibre (p = .948). Mstn protein was increased 159% and 169% in the ORX + TEST and ORX + TREN compared to ORX (p < .01). pan-SMAD2/3 protein was ~30-50% greater in ORX compared to SHAM (p = .006), ORX + TEST (p = .037) and ORX + TREN (p = .043), although there were no between-treatment effects regarding phosphorylated SMAD2/3. Mstn, ActrIIb and Mighty mRNAs were lower in ORX, ORX + TEST and ORX + TREN compared to SHAM (p < .05). Testosterone and trenbolone administration increased muscle fCSA and satellite cell number without increasing myonuclei number, and increased Mstn protein levels. Several genes and signalling proteins related to myostatin signalling were differentially regulated by ORX or androgen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Dalbo
- Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Qld, Australia
| | - M D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - C B Mobley
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - C Ballmann
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - W C Kephart
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - C D Fox
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - V A Santucci
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - C F Conover
- Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - L A Beggs
- Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - A Balaez
- Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - F J Hoerr
- Veterinary Diagnostic Pathology LLC, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - J F Yarrow
- Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - S E Borst
- Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - D T Beck
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL, USA
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Abstract
Prescription sales of Testosterone and erectile aids such as phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors are at an all-time high, underscoring the importance of hypogonadism (HG) and erectile dysfunction (ED) to men’s health. The effect of these debilitating conditions has a major impact on the quality of men’s lives. Some risk factors for HG or ED including aging, obesity, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle. Notably, these are the same risk factors for several other medical co-morbidities that contribute to significant morbidity and mortality in men. HG and ED often co-exist with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. This review will explore these three co-morbidities that overlap with HG and ED, and will provide a review of their relationship with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Chiles
- 1 Department of Urology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA ; 2 Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Yoshida S, Ikeda Y, Aihara KI. Roles of the Androgen – Androgen Receptor System in Vascular Angiogenesis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 23:257-65. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.31047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Yoshida
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Ken-ichi Aihara
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
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Lagojda A, Kuehne D, Krug O, Thomas A, Wigger T, Karst U, Schänzer W, Thevis M. Identification of selected in vitro generated phase-I metabolites of the steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator MK-0773 for doping control purposes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2016; 22:49-59. [PMID: 27419898 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Research into developing anabolic agents for various therapeutic purposes has been pursued for decades. As the clinical utility of anabolic-androgenic steroids has been found to be limited because of their lack of tissue selectivity and associated off-target effects, alternative drug entities have been designed and are commonly referred to as selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs). While most of these SARMs are of nonsteroidal structure, the drug candidate MK-0773 comprises a 4-aza-steroidal nucleus. Besides the intended therapeutic use, SARMs have been found to be illicitly distributed and misused as doping agents in sport, necessitating frequently updated doping control analytical assays. As steroidal compounds reportedly undergo considerable metabolic transformations, the phase-I metabolism of MK-0773 was simulated using human liver microsomal (HLM) preparations and electrochemical conversion. Subsequently, major metabolic products were identified and characterized employing liquid chromatography-high-resolution/high- accuracy tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) as well as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. MK-0773 produced numerous phase-I metabolites under the chosen in vitro incubation reactions, mostly resulting from mono- and bisoxygenation of the steroid. HLM yielded at least 10 monooxygenated species, while electrochemistry-based experiments resulted predominantly in three monohydroxylated metabolites. Elemental composition data and product ion mass spectra were generated for these analytes, ESI/APCI measurements corroborated the formation of at least two N-oxygenated metabolites, and NMR data obtained from electrochemistry-derived products supported structures suggested for three monohydroxylated compounds. Hereby, the hydroxylation of the A-ring located N- bound methyl group was found to be of particular intensity. In the absence of controlled elimination studies, the produced information enables the implementation of new target analytes into routine doping controls and expands the focus of anti-doping efforts concerning this new anabolic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lagojda
- Bayer CropScience AG, Alfred-Nobel-Str. 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany.
| | - Dirk Kuehne
- Bayer CropScience AG, Alfred- Nobel-Str. 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany.
| | - Oliver Krug
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany. European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents, Cologne/Bonn, Germany.
| | - Andreas Thomas
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Tina Wigger
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstr. 30, 48419 Münster, Germany.
| | - Uwe Karst
- Westfälische Wilhelms- Universität Münster, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstr. 30, 48419 Münster, Germany.
| | - Wilhelm Schänzer
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Mario Thevis
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany. European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents, Cologne/Bonn, Germany.
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39
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McCarthy TL, Centrella M. Androgen receptor activation integrates complex transcriptional effects in osteoblasts, involving the growth factors TGF-β and IGF-I, and transcription factor C/EBPδ. Gene 2015; 573:129-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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40
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MacKrell JG, Yaden BC, Bullock H, Chen K, Shetler P, Bryant HU, Krishnan V. Molecular targets of androgen signaling that characterize skeletal muscle recovery and regeneration. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SIGNALING 2015; 13:e005. [PMID: 26457071 PMCID: PMC4599140 DOI: 10.1621/nrs.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The high regenerative capacity of adult skeletal muscle relies on a self-renewing depot of adult stem cells, termed muscle satellite cells (MSCs). Androgens, known mediators of overall body composition and specifically skeletal muscle mass, have been shown to regulate MSCs. The possible overlapping function of androgen regulation of muscle growth and MSC activation has not been carefully investigated with regards to muscle regeneration.Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine coinciding androgen-mediated genetic changes in an in vitro MSC model and clinically relevant in vivo models. A gene signature was established via microarray analysis for androgen-mediated MSC engagement and highlighted several markers including follistatin (FST), IGF-1, C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In an in vivo muscle atrophy model, androgen re-supplementation significantly increased muscle size and expression of IGF-1, FST, and HGF, while significantly decreasing expression of GR. Biphasic gene expression profiles over the 7-day re-supplementation period identified temporal androgen regulation of molecular targets involved in satellite cell engagement into myogenesis. In a muscle injury model, removal of androgens resulted in delayed muscle recovery and regeneration. Modifications in the androgen signaling gene signature, along with reduced Pax7 and MyoD expression, suggested that limited MSC activation and increased inflammation contributed to the delayed regeneration. However, enhanced MSC activation in the androgen-deplete mouse injury model was driven by an androgen receptor (AR) agonist. These results provide novel in vitro and in vivo evidence describing molecular targets of androgen signaling, while also increasing support for translational use of AR agonists in skeletal muscle recovery and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G MacKrell
- Musculoskeletal Research (JGM, BCY, HB, PS, HUB, VK), Lead Optimization Biology (KC), Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Benjamin C Yaden
- Musculoskeletal Research (JGM, BCY, HB, PS, HUB, VK), Lead Optimization Biology (KC), Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Heather Bullock
- Musculoskeletal Research (JGM, BCY, HB, PS, HUB, VK), Lead Optimization Biology (KC), Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Keyue Chen
- Musculoskeletal Research (JGM, BCY, HB, PS, HUB, VK), Lead Optimization Biology (KC), Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pamela Shetler
- Musculoskeletal Research (JGM, BCY, HB, PS, HUB, VK), Lead Optimization Biology (KC), Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Henry U Bryant
- Musculoskeletal Research (JGM, BCY, HB, PS, HUB, VK), Lead Optimization Biology (KC), Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Venkatesh Krishnan
- Musculoskeletal Research (JGM, BCY, HB, PS, HUB, VK), Lead Optimization Biology (KC), Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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41
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Borst SE, Yarrow JF. Injection of testosterone may be safer and more effective than transdermal administration for combating loss of muscle and bone in older men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E1035-42. [PMID: 25898953 PMCID: PMC6189635 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00111.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The value of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) for older men is currently a topic of intense debate. While US testosterone prescriptions have tripled in the past decade (9), debate continues over the risks and benefits of TRT. TRT is currently prescribed for older men with either low serum testosterone (T) or low T plus accompanying symptoms of hypogonadism. The normal range for serum testosterone is 300 to 1,000 ng/dl. Serum T ≤ 300 ng/dl is considered to be low, and T ≤ 250 is considered to be frank hypogonadism. Most experts support TRT for older men with frank hypogonadism and symptoms. Treatment for men who simply have low T remains somewhat controversial. TRT is most frequently administered by intramuscular (im) injection of long-acting T esters or transdermally via patch or gel preparations and infrequently via oral administration. TRT produces a number of established benefits in hypogonadal men, including increased muscle mass and strength, decreased fat mass, increased bone mineral density, and improved sexual function, and in some cases those benefits are dose dependent. For example, doses of TRT administered by im injection are typically higher than those administered transdermally, which results in greater musculoskeletal benefits. TRT also produces known risks including development of polycythemia (Hct > 50) in 6% of those treated, decrease in HDL, breast tenderness and enlargement, prostate enlargement, increases in serum PSA, and prostate-related events and may cause suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Importantly, TRT does not increase the risk of prostate cancer. Putative risks include edema and worsening of sleep apnea. Several recent reports have also indicated that TRT may produce cardiovascular (CV) risks, while others report no risk or even benefit. To address the potential CV risks of TRT, we have recently reported via meta-analysis that oral TRT increases CV risk and suggested that the CV risk profile for im TRT may be better than that for oral or transdermal TRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Borst
- Geriartic Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Joshua F Yarrow
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida; and Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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42
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Ullrich T, Sasmal S, Boorgu V, Pasagadi S, Cheera S, Rajagopalan S, Bhumireddy A, Shashikumar D, Chelur S, Belliappa C, Pandit C, Krishnamurthy N, Mukherjee S, Ramanathan A, Ghadiyaram C, Ramachandra M, Santos PG, Lagu B, Bock MG, Perrone MH, Weiler S, Keller H. 3-Alkoxy-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazolines as Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators with Ideal Physicochemical Properties for Transdermal Administration. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7396-411. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5009049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanjita Sasmal
- Aurigene Discovery
Technologies Ltd, Bollaram Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500 049, India
| | - Venkatesham Boorgu
- Aurigene Discovery
Technologies Ltd, Bollaram Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500 049, India
| | - Srinivasu Pasagadi
- Aurigene Discovery
Technologies Ltd, Bollaram Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500 049, India
| | - Srisailam Cheera
- Aurigene Discovery
Technologies Ltd, Bollaram Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500 049, India
| | - Sujatha Rajagopalan
- Aurigene Discovery
Technologies Ltd, 39-40, KIADB Industrial
Area, Electronic City Phase II, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560 100, India
| | - Archana Bhumireddy
- Aurigene Discovery
Technologies Ltd, 39-40, KIADB Industrial
Area, Electronic City Phase II, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560 100, India
| | - Dhanya Shashikumar
- Aurigene Discovery
Technologies Ltd, Bollaram Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500 049, India
| | - Shekar Chelur
- Aurigene Discovery
Technologies Ltd, 39-40, KIADB Industrial
Area, Electronic City Phase II, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560 100, India
| | - Charamanna Belliappa
- Aurigene Discovery
Technologies Ltd, 39-40, KIADB Industrial
Area, Electronic City Phase II, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560 100, India
| | - Chetan Pandit
- Aurigene Discovery
Technologies Ltd, 39-40, KIADB Industrial
Area, Electronic City Phase II, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560 100, India
| | - Narasimharao Krishnamurthy
- Aurigene Discovery
Technologies Ltd, 39-40, KIADB Industrial
Area, Electronic City Phase II, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560 100, India
| | - Subhendu Mukherjee
- Aurigene Discovery
Technologies Ltd, 39-40, KIADB Industrial
Area, Electronic City Phase II, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560 100, India
| | - Anuradha Ramanathan
- Aurigene Discovery
Technologies Ltd, 39-40, KIADB Industrial
Area, Electronic City Phase II, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560 100, India
| | - Chakshusmathi Ghadiyaram
- Aurigene Discovery
Technologies Ltd, 39-40, KIADB Industrial
Area, Electronic City Phase II, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560 100, India
| | - Murali Ramachandra
- Aurigene Discovery
Technologies Ltd, 39-40, KIADB Industrial
Area, Electronic City Phase II, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560 100, India
| | - Paulo G. Santos
- Technical
Research
and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bharat Lagu
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mark G. Bock
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mark H. Perrone
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
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