1
|
Luengo-Pérez LM, Fernández-Bueso M, Ambrojo A, Guijarro M, Ferreira AC, Pereira-da-Silva L, Moreira-Rosário A, Faria A, Calhau C, Daly A, MacDonald A, Rocha JC. Body Composition Evaluation and Clinical Markers of Cardiometabolic Risk in Patients with Phenylketonuria. Nutrients 2023; 15:5133. [PMID: 38140392 PMCID: PMC10745907 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality worldwide. Patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) may be at increased cardiovascular risk. This review provides an overview of clinical and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors, explores the connections between body composition (including fat mass and ectopic fat) and cardiovascular risk, and examines various methods for evaluating body composition. It particularly focuses on nutritional ultrasound, given its emerging availability and practical utility in clinical settings. Possible causes of increased cardiometabolic risk in PKU are also explored, including an increased intake of carbohydrates, chronic exposure to amino acids, and characteristics of microbiota. It is important to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors and body composition in patients with PKU. We suggest systematic monitoring of body composition to develop nutritional management and hydration strategies to optimize performance within the limits of nutritional therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis M. Luengo-Pérez
- Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Extremadura, 06008 Badajoz, Spain
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Badajoz University Hospital, 06008 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Mercedes Fernández-Bueso
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Badajoz University Hospital, 06008 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Ana Ambrojo
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Badajoz University Hospital, 06008 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Marta Guijarro
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Badajoz University Hospital, 06008 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Ana Cristina Ferreira
- Reference Centre of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.F.); or (J.C.R.)
| | - Luís Pereira-da-Silva
- CHRC—Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nutrition Group, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (L.P.-d.-S.); (A.F.)
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.-R.); (C.C.)
| | - André Moreira-Rosário
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.-R.); (C.C.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Faria
- CHRC—Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nutrition Group, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (L.P.-d.-S.); (A.F.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.-R.); (C.C.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anne Daly
- Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK; (A.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Anita MacDonald
- Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK; (A.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Júlio César Rocha
- Reference Centre of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.F.); or (J.C.R.)
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.-R.); (C.C.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Duggan NN, Dragic T, Chanda SK, Pache L. Breaking the Silence: Regulation of HIV Transcription and Latency on the Road to a Cure. Viruses 2023; 15:2435. [PMID: 38140676 PMCID: PMC10747579 DOI: 10.3390/v15122435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has brought the HIV/AIDS epidemic under control, but a curative strategy for viral eradication is still needed. The cessation of ART results in rapid viral rebound from latently infected CD4+ T cells, showing that control of viral replication alone does not fully restore immune function, nor does it eradicate viral reservoirs. With a better understanding of factors and mechanisms that promote viral latency, current approaches are primarily focused on the permanent silencing of latently infected cells ("block and lock") or reactivating HIV-1 gene expression in latently infected cells, in combination with immune restoration strategies to eliminate HIV infected cells from the host ("shock and kill"). In this review, we provide a summary of the current, most promising approaches for HIV-1 cure strategies, including an analysis of both latency-promoting agents (LPA) and latency-reversing agents (LRA) that have shown promise in vitro, ex vivo, and in human clinical trials to reduce the HIV-1 reservoir.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha N. Duggan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tatjana Dragic
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sumit K. Chanda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lars Pache
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heylen D, Peeters J, Aerts J, Ertaylan G, Hooyberghs J. BioMOBS: A multi-omics visual analytics workflow for biomolecular insight generation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295361. [PMID: 38096184 PMCID: PMC10721075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the challenges in multi-omics data analysis for precision medicine is the efficient exploration of undiscovered molecular interactions in disease processes. We present BioMOBS, a workflow consisting of two data visualization tools integrated with an open-source molecular information database to perform clinically relevant analyses (https://github.com/driesheylen123/BioMOBS). We performed exploratory pathway analysis with BioMOBS and demonstrate its ability to generate relevant molecular hypotheses, by reproducing recent findings in type 2 diabetes UK biobank data. The central visualisation tool, where data-driven and literature-based findings can be integrated, is available within the github link as well. BioMOBS is a workflow that leverages information from multiple data-driven interactive analyses and visually integrates it with established pathway knowledge. The demonstrated use cases place trust in the usage of BioMOBS as a procedure to offer clinically relevant insights in disease pathway analyses on various types of omics data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dries Heylen
- Theory Lab, Data Science Institute (DSI), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Jannes Peeters
- Data Science Institute (DSI), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jan Aerts
- Visual Data Analysis Lab, Department of Biostystems KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gökhan Ertaylan
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Jef Hooyberghs
- Theory Lab, Data Science Institute (DSI), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cai X, Xue Z, Zeng FF, Tang J, Yue L, Wang B, Ge W, Xie Y, Miao Z, Gou W, Fu Y, Li S, Gao J, Shuai M, Zhang K, Xu F, Tian Y, Xiang N, Zhou Y, Shan PF, Zhu Y, Chen YM, Zheng JS, Guo T. Population serum proteomics uncovers a prognostic protein classifier for metabolic syndrome. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101172. [PMID: 37652016 PMCID: PMC10518601 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex metabolic disorder with a global prevalence of 20%-25%. Early identification and intervention would help minimize the global burden on healthcare systems. Here, we measured over 400 proteins from ∼20,000 proteomes using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry for 7,890 serum samples from a longitudinal cohort of 3,840 participants with two follow-up time points over 10 years. We then built a machine-learning model for predicting the risk of developing MetS within 10 years. Our model, composed of 11 proteins and the age of the individuals, achieved an area under the curve of 0.774 in the validation cohort (n = 242). Using linear mixed models, we found that apolipoproteins, immune-related proteins, and coagulation-related proteins best correlated with MetS development. This population-scale proteomics study broadens our understanding of MetS and may guide the development of prevention and targeted therapies for MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cai
- Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Zhangzhi Xue
- Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Fang-Fang Zeng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Liang Yue
- Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No. 1 Yunmeng Road, Cloud Town, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Weigang Ge
- Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No. 1 Yunmeng Road, Cloud Town, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Yuting Xie
- Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Zelei Miao
- Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Wanglong Gou
- Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Yuanqing Fu
- Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Sainan Li
- Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Jinlong Gao
- Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Menglei Shuai
- Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Fengzhe Xu
- Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Yunyi Tian
- Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Nan Xiang
- Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No. 1 Yunmeng Road, Cloud Town, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Peng-Fei Shan
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ju-Sheng Zheng
- Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.
| | - Tiannan Guo
- Center for Intelligent Proteomics, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Buyinza R, Nsamba J, Muyingo A, Matovu N, Nabirye G, Kantengwa A, Akandunda S, Sseguya W, Mathews E. Body composition of type 2 diabetes patients in Uganda: A case-control study. J Public Health Afr 2023; 14:2249. [PMID: 36798845 PMCID: PMC9926559 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of obesity among people diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has been widely documented. However, the specific composition of this bodyweight remains largely unknown. The study aimed to understand the body composition of T2DM patients using the bioelectric impedance analysis technique, comparing findings to sex and agematched controls. Materials and Methods A comparative case-control study was carried out among 139 known cases of Type 2 diabetes aged 18 to 78 years randomly sampled from the diabetic clinic of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. We matched them to 139 hospital controls who were healthy non-diabetic attendants. Body composition parameters were computed and summarized as medians and interquartile ranges. Differences in the medians of body composition parameters were further assessed using the Mann- Whitney U test. Fat-free and fat mass indices were derived to offer a precise estimation of body composition parameters adjusted for height differences among study participants. Results Cases had significantly higher median systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), total fat percentage, fat mass amount, Fat Mass Index, visceral fat, and metabolic age than their counterparts, whereas controls had significantly higher median total body water percentage versus cases. The highest significant differences occurred in fat percentage composition (Cases: β: 6.9 (95% C.I: 4.4, 9.4); Controls: Ref) followed by visceral fat (Cases: β: 3.5 (95% C.I: 2.5, 4.4); controls: Ref) and Fat Mass Index (Cases: 95% C.I: 2.6 (95% C.I: 1.6, 3.7). Cases had significantly higher Fat Mass Index, visceral fat and fat percentage (all p<0.05) than controls. Conclusions Routine assessment of body composition of T2DM patients needs to be done to assess the amount, type and pattern of weight gain to prevent increases in adiposity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Buyinza
- Pharmacy Department, Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda,Pharmacy Department, Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda.
| | - Jonathan Nsamba
- Department of Clinical Research, Jeuticals Research and Consulting (U) Ltd., Kampala, Uganda,Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Periya, India
| | - Anthony Muyingo
- Diabetes Clinic, Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Nicholas Matovu
- Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda,Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Gloria Nabirye
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Busitema, Uganda
| | - Adellah Kantengwa
- Diabetes Clinic, Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Sandra Akandunda
- Diabetes Clinic, Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | - Elezebeth Mathews
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Periya, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang Z, Tian R, Zhang XJ, Cai J, She ZG, Li H. Effects of treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1120085. [PMID: 36712249 PMCID: PMC9877359 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1120085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have become the most common chronic liver disease and the main form of heart failure (HF), respectively. NAFLD is closely associated with HFpEF by sharing common risk factors and/or by boosting systemic inflammation, releasing other secretory factors, and having an expansion of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT). Therefore, the treatments of NAFLD may also affect the development and prognosis of HFpEF. However, no specific drugs for NAFLD have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and some non-specific treatments for NAFLD are applied in the clinic. Currently, the treatments of NAFLD can be divided into non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments. Non-pharmacological treatments mainly include dietary intervention, weight loss by exercise, caloric restriction, and bariatric surgery. Pharmacological treatments mainly include administering statins, thiazolidinediones, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and metformin. This review will mainly focus on analyzing how these treatments may affect the development and prognosis of HFpEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruifeng Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Zhi-Gang She,
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,Hongliang Li,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gharipour M, Nezafati P, Sadeghian L, Eftekhari A, Rothenberg I, Jahanfar S. Precision medicine and metabolic syndrome. ARYA ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2022; 18:1-10. [PMID: 36817343 PMCID: PMC9937665 DOI: 10.22122/arya.2022.26215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the most important health issues around the world and a major risk factor for both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases. The etiology of MetS is determined by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Effective prevention and treatment of MetS notably decreases the risk of its complications such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. According to recent genome-wide association studies, multiple genes are involved in the incidence and development of MetS. The presence of particular genes which are responsible for obesity and lipid metabolism, affecting insulin sensitivity and blood pressure, as well as genes associated with inflammation, can increase the risk of MetS. These molecular markers, together with clinical data and findings from proteomic, metabolomic, pharmacokinetic, and other methods, would clarify the etiology and pathophysiology of MetS and facilitate the development of personalized approaches to the management of MetS. The application of personalized medicinebased on susceptibility identified genomes would help physicians recommend healthier lifestyles and prescribe medications to improve various aspects of health in patients with MetS. In recent years, personalized medicine by genetic testing has helped physicians determine genetic predisposition to MetS, prevent the disease by behavioral, lifestyle-related, or therapeutic interventions, and detect, diagnose, treat, and manage the disease. Clinically, personalized medicine is providing effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of MetS by reducing the time, cost, and failure rate of pharmaceutical clinical trials. It is also eliminating trial-and-error inefficiencies that inflate health care costs and undermine patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Gharipour
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Mojgan Gharipour; Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan
University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;
| | - Pouya Nezafati
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ladan Sadeghian
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ava Eftekhari
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medicine Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Irwin Rothenberg
- Laboratory Quality Advisor/Technical Writer at COLA Resources Inc., Washington, Columbia, USA
| | - Shayesteh Jahanfar
- Health Sciences Building, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pflanz CP, Tozer DJ, Harshfield EL, Tay J, Farooqi S, Markus HS. Central obesity is selectively associated with cerebral gray matter atrophy in 15,634 subjects in the UK Biobank. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1059-1067. [PMID: 35145215 PMCID: PMC9050590 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for both cardiovascular disease and dementia, but the mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. We examined associations between obesity, including estimates of central obesity using different modalities, with brain gray matter (GM) volume in the UK Biobank, a large population-based cohort study. METHODS To determine relationships between obesity and the brain we used brain MRI, abdominal MRI, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and bioelectric whole-body impedance. We determined whether obesity was associated with any change in brain gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes, and brain network efficiency derived from the structural connectome (wiring of the brain) as determined from diffusion-tensor MRI tractography. Using Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), abdominal MRI and DXA we determined whether any associations were primarily with central rather than peripheral obesity, and whether associations were mediated by known cardiovascular risk factors. We analyzed brain MRI data from 15,634. RESULTS We found that central obesity, was associated with decreased GM volume (anthropometric data: p = 6.7 × 10-16, DXA: p = 8.3 × 10-81, abdominal MRI: p = 0.0006). Regional associations were found between central obesity and with specific GM subcortical nuclei (thalamus, caudate, pallidum, nucleus accumbens). In contrast, no associations were found with WM volume or structure, or brain network efficiency. The effects of central obesity on GM volume were not mediated by C-reactive protein or blood pressure, glucose, lipids. CONCLUSIONS Central body-fat distribution rather than the overall body-fat percentage is associated with gray matter changes in people with obesity. Further work is required to identify the factors that mediate the association between central obesity and GM atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris-Patrick Pflanz
- University of Cambridge Stroke Research Group, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Daniel J Tozer
- University of Cambridge Stroke Research Group, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Eric L Harshfield
- University of Cambridge Stroke Research Group, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jonathan Tay
- University of Cambridge Stroke Research Group, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Welcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hugh S Markus
- University of Cambridge Stroke Research Group, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Htun KT, Pan J, Pasanta D, Tungjai M, Udomtanakunchai C, Petcharoen T, Chamta N, Kosicharoen S, Chukua K, Lai C, Kothan S. Advanced Molecular Imaging (MRI/MRS/ 1H NMR) for Metabolic Information in Young Adults with Health Risk Obesity. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101035. [PMID: 34685406 PMCID: PMC8541404 DOI: 10.3390/life11101035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity or being overweight is a medical condition of abnormal body fat accumulation which is associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The distinct body fat depots on specific parts of the anatomy have unique metabolic properties and different types of regional excessive fat distribution can be a disease hazard. The aim of this study was to identify the metabolome and molecular imaging phenotypes among a young adult population. METHODS The amount and distribution of fat and lipid metabolites profile in the abdomen, liver, and calf muscles of 46 normal weight, 17 overweight, and 13 obese participants were acquired using MRI and MR spectroscopy (MRS), respectively. The serum metabolic profile was obtained using proton NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectra were integrated into seven integration regions, which reflect relative metabolites. RESULTS A significant metabolic disorder symptom appeared in the overweight and obese group, and increased lipid deposition occurred in the abdomen, hepatocytes, and muscles that were statistically significant. Overall, the visceral fat depots had a marked influence on dyslipidemia biomarkers, blood triglyceride (r = 0.592, p < 0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.484, p < 0.001). Intrahepatocellular lipid was associated with diabetes predictors for hemoglobin (HbA1c%; r = 0.379, p < 0.001) and for fasting blood sugar (r = 0.333, p < 0.05). The lipid signals in serum triglyceride and glucose signals gave similar correspondence to biochemical lipid profiles. CONCLUSIONS This study proves the association between alteration in metabolome in young adults, which is the key population for early prevention of obesity and metabolic syndrome. This study suggests that dyslipidemia prevalence is influenced mainly by the visceral fat depot, and liver fat depot is a key determinant for glucose metabolism and hyperglycemia. Moreover, noninvasive advanced molecular imaging completely elucidated the impact of fat distribution on the anthropometric and laboratory parameters, especially indices of the metabolic syndrome biomarkers in young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khin Thandar Htun
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Jie Pan
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (S.K.); Tel.: +86-13583101188 (J.P.); +66-5394-9213 (S.K.)
| | - Duanghathai Pasanta
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Montree Tungjai
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Chatchanok Udomtanakunchai
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Thanaporn Petcharoen
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Nattacha Chamta
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Supak Kosicharoen
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Kiattisak Chukua
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
| | - Christopher Lai
- Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Drive, Singapore 138683, Singapore;
| | - Suchart Kothan
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.H.); (D.P.); (M.T.); (C.U.); (T.P.); (N.C.); (S.K.); (K.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (S.K.); Tel.: +86-13583101188 (J.P.); +66-5394-9213 (S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rhynehart A, Dunlevy C, Hayes K, O'Connell J, O'Shea D, O'Malley E. The Association of Physical Function Measures With Frailty, Falls History, and Metabolic Syndrome in a Population With Complex Obesity. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2021; 2:716392. [PMID: 36188769 PMCID: PMC9397832 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2021.716392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Frailty, falls and metabolic syndrome are known to be associated with poorer physical function. This study builds on available research by further investigating the relationship between physical function measures, including those comprising frailty, with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and falls, in the context of complex obesity. Methods: Participants were recruited from the national Level 3 weight management service in Ireland. A retrospective audit of data gathered at initial assessment was performed. Data included past medical history, blood tests, blood pressure measurement, anthropometrics, falls history, self-reported physical activity levels (PALs) and physical function measures, including hand grip strength (HGS), “timed up and go” (TUG), functional reach (FR), sit to stand (STS) and gait speed. A modified version of the Fried Frailty Index was employed. Results: Of the 713 participants, 65.1% (n = 464) were female and 34.9% (n = 249) were male with a mean age of 44.2 (±11.7) years and body mass index (BMI) of 50.6 kg/m2 (±8.2). Frailty was identified in 3.4% (n = 24), falls in 28.8% (n = 205) and MetS in 55.1% (n = 393). Frailty was associated with older age (53.8 ± 14.3 vs. 43.9 ± 11.5 years), poorer PALs (27.29 ± 46.3 vs. 101.1 ± 147.4 min/wk), reduced grip strength (17.7 ± 4.6 vs. 34.2 ± 11.0 Kg) longer STS (21.7 ± 6.6 vs. 13.7 ± 5.7 s), shorter functional reach (29.7 ± 7.9 vs. 37.9 ± 8.2 cm) and slower gait speed (0.6 ± 0.2 vs. 1.1 ± 0.5 m/s). Those reporting a falls history had a reduced FR (35.8 ± 8.9 vs. 38.3 ± 7.8 cm) and slower STS (15.4 ± 8.0 vs. 13.3 ± 4.7 s). Participants with MetS had lower PALs (83.2 ± 128.2 vs. 119.2 ± 157.6) and gait speed (1.1 ± 0.3 vs. 1.2 ± 0.7 m/s). There was no difference in BMI between fallers and non-fallers (51.34 ± 8.44 vs. 50.33 ± 8.13 Kg/m2, p = 0.138), nor between those with or without MetS. Significant associations were found between BMI and all physical function measures except the TUAG. Conclusion: The associations between frailty, falls and MetS and their combined impact on physical function in people living with obesity demonstrates the need for appropriate screening. Utilising grip strength and gait speed to identify frailty in those with obesity and metabolic syndrome could help target therapies aimed at improving strength, physical function and ultimately quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rhynehart
- Weight Management Service, St Columcille's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Amanda Rhynehart ;
| | - Colin Dunlevy
- Weight Management Service, St Columcille's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katie Hayes
- Weight Management Service, St Columcille's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jean O'Connell
- Weight Management Service, St Columcille's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Obesity Research Group, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donal O'Shea
- Weight Management Service, St Columcille's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Obesity Research Group, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emer O'Malley
- Weight Management Service, St Columcille's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu SS, Kim JY, Park JH, Kim S, Lee K, Bae WK, Lee KH, Han JS, Lee H, Jung SY. Fruit Intake and Changes of Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in People with Obesity. Korean J Fam Med 2021; 42:382-389. [PMID: 34607414 PMCID: PMC8490179 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.20.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the relationship between fruit intake, changes in fruit intake, and changes in cardiometabolic factors in people with obesity. METHODS A total of 21,270 subjects (8,718 men, 12,552 women) aged 40 years and over, from the Korean-based Genome and Epidemiology Study, were followed up for an average of 4.4 years. Fruit intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and the second follow-up. The beta coefficient and confidence intervals for changes in cardiometabolic risk factors according to fruit consumption were calculated using a linear regression model. RESULTS In men, the abdominal circumference decreased with changes in fruit intake (P=0.029). Fruit intake and increased fruit intake in men were associated with a lower systolic blood pressure (P=0.012 and P=0.02, respectively) and lower triglyceride levels (P=0.002 and P<0.001, respectively). In women, abdominal circumference decreased with both fruit intake and increased fruit intake (P<0.001 and P=0.013, respectively). Systolic blood pressure and triglycerides tended to decrease only with fruit intake (P=0.048 and P<0.001, respectively). Unlike in men, fasting blood glucose tended to decrease in women with both fruit intake and increased fruit intake (P=0.011 and P=0.005, respectively). CONCLUSION Fruit intake and increased fruit intake may have beneficial effects on cardiometabolic risk factors among individuals who are obese.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiao Shih Liu
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Young Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung Ha Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Sohye Kim
- Nutrition Care Services, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kiheon Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Bae
- Department of Family Medicine, Health Promotion Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kee Hyuck Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jong Soo Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Health Promotion Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Se Young Jung
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Can Resistance Exercise Be a Tool for Healthy Aging in Post-Menopausal Women with Type 1 Diabetes? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168716. [PMID: 34444464 PMCID: PMC8393224 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Due to improvements in diabetes care, people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are living longer. Studies show that post-menopausal T1D women have a substantially elevated cardiovascular risk compared to those without T1D. As T1D may also accelerate age-related bone and muscle loss, the risk of frailty may be considerable for T1D women. Exercise and physical activity may be optimal preventative therapies to maintain health and prevent complications in this population: They are associated with improvements in, or maintenance of, cardiovascular health, bone mineral density, and muscle mass in older adults. Resistance exercise, in particular, may provide important protection against age-related frailty, due to its specific effects on bone and muscle. Fear of hypoglycemia can be a barrier to exercise in those with T1D, and resistance exercise may cause less hypoglycemia than aerobic exercise. There are currently no exercise studies involving older, post-menopausal women with T1D. As such, it is unknown whether current guidelines for insulin adjustment/carbohydrate intake for activity are appropriate for this population. This review focuses on existing knowledge about exercise in older adults and considers potential future directions around resistance exercise as a therapeutic intervention for post-menopausal T1D women.
Collapse
|
13
|
Del Chierico F, Manco M, Gardini S, Guarrasi V, Russo A, Bianchi M, Tortosa V, Quagliariello A, Shashaj B, Fintini D, Putignani L. Fecal microbiota signatures of insulin resistance, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome in youth with obesity: a pilot study. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:1009-1022. [PMID: 33754165 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify fecal microbiota profiles associated with metabolic abnormalities belonging to the metabolic syndrome (MS), high count of white blood cells (WBCs) and insulin resistance (IR). METHODS Sixty-eight young patients with obesity were stratified for percentile distribution of MS abnormalities. A MS risk score was defined as low, medium, and high MS risk. High WBCs were defined as a count ≥ 7.0 103/µL; severe obesity as body mass index Z-score ≥ 2 standard deviations; IR as homeostatic assessment model algorithm of IR (HOMA) ≥ 3.7. Stool samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA-based metagenomics. RESULTS We found reduced bacterial richness of fecal microbiota in patients with IR and high diastolic blood pressure (BP). Distinct microbial markers were associated to high BP (Clostridium and Clostridiaceae), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Lachnospiraceae, Gemellaceae, Turicibacter), and high MS risk (Coriobacteriaceae), WBCs (Bacteroides caccae, Gemellaceae), severe obesity (Lachnospiraceae), and impaired glucose tolerance (Bacteroides ovatus and Enterobacteriaceae). Conversely, taxa such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Parabacterodes, Bacteroides caccae, Oscillospira, Parabacterodes distasonis, Coprococcus, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae were associated to low MS risk score, triglycerides, fasting glucose and HOMA-IR, respectively. Supervised multilevel analysis grouped clearly "variable" patients based on the MS risk. CONCLUSIONS This was a proof-of-concept study opening the way at the identification of fecal microbiota signatures, precisely associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in young patients with obesity. These evidences led us to infer, while some gut bacteria have a detrimental role in exacerbating metabolic risk factors some others are beneficial ameliorating cardiovascular host health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Melania Manco
- Research Area for Multifactorial Diseases and Complex Phenotypes, Obesity and Diabetes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Via Ferdinando Baldelli 38, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Valerio Guarrasi
- GenomeUp SRL, Rome, Italy
- Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering Antonio Ruberti, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Russo
- Unit of Parasitology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Bianchi
- Research Area for Multifactorial Diseases and Complex Phenotypes, Obesity and Diabetes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Via Ferdinando Baldelli 38, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Tortosa
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Blegina Shashaj
- Research Area for Multifactorial Diseases and Complex Phenotypes, Obesity and Diabetes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Via Ferdinando Baldelli 38, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Fintini
- Endocrinology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Palidoro, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Unit of Parasitology and Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ngoude JXE, Moor VJA, Nadia-Flore TT, Agoons BB, Marcelle GGC, MacBrain EE, Tcheutchoua DN, Nkeck JR. Relationship between periodontal diseases and newly-diagnosed metabolic syndrome components in a sub-Saharan population: a cross sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:326. [PMID: 34187434 PMCID: PMC8244141 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral health is a frequently ignored aspect of global health in sub-Saharan patients. Periodontitis, a very frequent oral disease has been proven to be associated to development of the metabolic syndrome. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between periodontal disease and metabolic syndrome components in a sub-Saharan population.
Methods We performed a cross sectional study in 3 Yaounde hospitals. Consenting adults aged 21 years and above were recruited. Participants who presented with a tooth loss of at least 50% or any condition which could alter values of biological and periodontal parameters (tobacco smoking, pregnancy, chronic kidney disease, cancer) were excluded. Metabolic syndrome elements (glycaemia, arterial pressure, HDL cholesterol, abdominal circumference, triglycerides) and periodontal variables were recorded (plaque and gingival index of Silness and Loe, periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss). These variables were compared using Fisher’s exact Test and odds ratio calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Results The prevalence of periodontitis and metabolic syndrome were 43.4% and 10.8% respectively. Age (37.75 ± 13.25, P < 0.001) and poor accessory brushing methods were associated risk factors for development of periodontal disease. Sub-Saharan sindividuals with periodontitis had increased odds of having obesity (OR 11.1 [95% CI 3.97–31.03], P < 0.001) and low HDL (OR 4.58 [95% CI 1.79–11.70], P = 0.001) Conclusion Our findings suggest an association between periodontal disease and metabolic syndrome in Sub-Saharan subjects. Increasing age and poor accessory brushing methods are associated risk indicators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicky Jocelyne Ama Moor
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Biochemistry Laboratory, University Teaching Hospital of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Batakeh B Agoons
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | | | - Elage Epie MacBrain
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Jan René Nkeck
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tea consumption and its effects on primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease: Qualitative synthesis of evidence from randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 41:77-87. [PMID: 33487310 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is a general interest in understanding how the consumption of tea impacts cardiovascular function in individuals at risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). The current review focuses on evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on associations between tea consumption and endothelial function, in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases/search engines were used to identify eligible studies. Included studies had to report on the impact of tea supplementation of endothelial function or CAD related markers. In addition to flow-mediated dilation (FMD), makers of oxidative stress and inflammation such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein and C-reactive protein were considered as determinants of endothelial function. A total of 34 RCTs met the inclusion criteria, and these reported on the impact of tea consumption on endothelial function in individuals at risk of CVD or patients with CAD. RESULTS The current qualitative synthesis of literature demonstrates that beyond enhancing nitric oxide bioavailability and lowering blood pressure, regular consumption of tea and its active ingredients such as epigallocatechin gallate may be beneficial in reducing markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, the reduction of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and C-reactive protein levels, could be a sign of improved endothelial function in individuals at increased risk of developing CVD. CONCLUSIONS The cumulative evidence also suggests that the development of epigallocatechin gallate as a nutraceutical or enriching foods with this bioactive compound could be a feasible strategy to improve endothelial function and lower CVD-risk. However, well-designed RCTs are still necessary to confirm long-term benefits of tea consumption on vascular health.
Collapse
|
16
|
Nguyen HC, Qadura M, Singh KK. Role of the Fatty Acid Binding Proteins in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3390. [PMID: 33105856 PMCID: PMC7690604 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a global pandemic and leading cause of deaths worldwide. While several guidelines have been developed to control the development of CVDs, its prevalence keeps on increasing until this day. Cardiovascular risk factors, such as reduced exercises and high fat or glucose diets, culminate in the development of the metabolic syndrome and eventually atherosclerosis, which is driven by high blood lipid and cholesterol levels, and by endothelial dysfunction. Late complications of atherosclerosis give rise to serious clinical cardiovascular manifestations such as myocardial infarction and hypertension. Therefore, endothelial functions and the lipid metabolism play critical roles in the pathogenesis of CVDs. Fatty acid-binding proteins are a family of intracellular proteins expressed in many cell types known mainly for their interaction with and trafficking of cellular lipids. The roles of a number of isoforms in this family have been implicated in lipid metabolic homeostasis, but their influence on endothelial function and vascular homeostasis remain largely unknown. This review's purpose is to update fundamentals about the connection between cardiovascular disease, metabolism, endothelial function, and mainly the roles of fatty acid-binding proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hien C. Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Mohammad Qadura
- Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada;
| | - Krishna K. Singh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
- Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Transcription of mtDNA and dyslipidemia are ameliorated by aerobic exercise in type 2 diabetes. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7297-7303. [PMID: 32804305 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity and unhealthy food intake are strongly associated with the growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Dyslipidemia, a characteristic of T2D patient, contributes to an increase in intra-myocellular lipid accumulation and mitochondria dysfunction, in skeletal muscle cells and further to insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise on dyslipidemia, mitochondrial homeostasis and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcription in T2D- induced animals. Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were fed a diet containing 60% fat over 9 weeks, at day 14 a single injection of STZ (25 mg/kg) was administered (T2D-induced). At week 3 of the experiment half of the animals started on an aerobic exercise 5-days/week. Blood and soleus muscle were collected at 9th experimental week. Abdominal fat, blood glucose, triglyceride, low-density-lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and cellular mtDNA copy number, cytochrome b (cytb) mRNA and 8-isoprostane were measured. T2D-induced animals exhibited changes in blood glucose, weight gain, abdominal fat, LDL and muscular 8-isoprostane, mtDNA copy number and cytb mRNA. Aerobic exercise attenuated the increase in weight gain and abdominal fat and the decreased cytb mRNA, and increased HDL. Our results suggest that aerobic exercise might not affect all characteristics related to the development of T2D in the same way. However, since T2D is a multifactorial disease, improvement in parameters such as HDL levels, abdominal fat and weight gain induced by aerobic exercise might delay or inhibit the onset of T2D.
Collapse
|
18
|
Screen-Printed Electrodes (SPE) for In Vitro Diagnostic Purpose. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10080517. [PMID: 32722552 PMCID: PMC7460409 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to rapidly spreading infectious diseases and the high incidence of other diseases such as cancer or metabolic syndrome, there is a continuous need for the development of rapid and accurate diagnosis methods. Screen-printed electrodes-based biosensors have been reported to offer reliable results, with high sensitivity and selectivity and, in some cases, low detection limits. There are a series of materials (carbon, gold, platinum, etc.) used for the manufacturing of working electrodes. Each version comes with advantages, as well as challenges for their functionalization. Thus, the aim is to review the most promising biosensors developed using screen-printed electrodes for the detection/quantification of proteins, biomarkers, or pathogenic microorganisms.
Collapse
|
19
|
Shakarneh JK, Hallak HO, Awadallah HB, Al-Hamed DH, Khdour MR. Necessity and concerns about lipid-lowering medical treatments and risk factors for non-adherence: A cross-sectional study in Palestine. Int J Clin Pract 2020; 74:e13511. [PMID: 32279380 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Strong evidence indicates that drugs reduce blood lipids and improve cardiovascular end-points, leading to their wide usage. However, the success of these drugs can be affected by poor patient's adherence to prescribed medication. This study aimed to evaluate medication adherence in patients with dyslipidaemia in association with patient beliefs about medicines. METHODS The study was conducted from January 2019 to July 2019 at the middle governmental primary healthcare clinics in Ramallah and Bethlehem cities, and used a cross-sectional design. Adherence was determined using the 4-item Morisky medication adherence scale, while beliefs were determined using the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire. RESULTS Of 220 patients, 185 agreed to participate in the study, resulting in a response rate of 84.1%. Of the participants, 106 (57.3%) were men, and almost half (88, 46.5%) were ≥56 years. Medication non-adherence was high (47.6%), but a majority (65.5%) reported believing their treatment to be necessary for their continued good health. Accordingly, the mean necessity score (17.3, SD 3.7) significantly outweighed (P < .001) the mean concerns score (14.0, SD 3.5). Multivariate regression demonstrated four variables to be significantly correlated with non-adherence: illiterate (OR = 2.52; CI: 0.9-4.3; P = .03), polypharmacy (OR = 3.18; CI: 1.9-5.7; P = .007), having comorbidity (OR = 3.10; CI: 2.2-4.6; P = .005) and having concerns about side effects (OR = 2.89; CI: 1.1-4.6, P = .04). CONCLUSION Non-adherence among patients taking lipid-lowering agents was high despite most holding positive beliefs regarding medication necessity. This may be due to concern also being high. Physicians should identify and target high-risk patients and individualise their treatment plans in order to achieve adequate control of dyslipidaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dua'a H Al-Hamed
- Pharmacy Department Ramallah & Al-bireh Health Directorate, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Maher R Khdour
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gaeini Z, Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. The Association Between Liver Function Tests and Some Metabolic Outcomes: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2020; 20. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.98535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
|
21
|
Otamas A, Grant PJ, Ajjan RA. Diabetes and atherothrombosis: The circadian rhythm and role of melatonin in vascular protection. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2020; 17:1479164120920582. [PMID: 32506946 PMCID: PMC7607413 DOI: 10.1177/1479164120920582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related euglycaemic insulin resistance clusters with cardiometabolic risk factors, contributing to the development of both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. An increased thrombotic tendency in diabetes stems from platelet hyperactivity, enhanced activity of prothrombotic coagulation factors and impaired fibrinolysis. Furthermore, a low-grade inflammatory response and increased oxidative stress accelerate the atherosclerotic process and, together with an enhanced thrombotic environment, result in premature and more severe cardiovascular disease. The disruption of circadian cycles in man secondary to chronic obesity and loss of circadian cues is implicated in the increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Levels of melatonin, the endogenous synchronizer of circadian rhythm, are reduced in individuals with vascular disease and those with deranged glucose metabolism. The anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antioxidative and antithrombotic activities of melatonin make it a potential therapeutic agent to reduce the risk of vascular occlusive disease in diabetes. The mechanisms behind melatonin-associated reduction in procoagulant response are not fully known. Current evidence suggests that melatonin inhibits platelet aggregation and might affect the coagulation cascade, altering fibrin clot structure and/or resistance to fibrinolysis. Large-scale clinical trials are warranted to investigate the effects of modulating the circadian clock on insulin resistance, glycaemia and cardiovascular outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Otamas
- The LIGHT Laboratories, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter J Grant
- The LIGHT Laboratories, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ramzi A Ajjan
- The LIGHT Laboratories, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lee JH. Prevalence of hyperuricemia and its association with metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risk factors in Korean children and adolescents: analysis based on the 2016-2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2019; 62:317-323. [PMID: 31319650 PMCID: PMC6702117 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2019.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Investigating the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) in Korean children and adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional survey used data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2017); 1,256 males and females aged 10–18 years were included. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid levels were >6.6 mg/dL at 10–11 years of age (both sexes), >7.7 mg/dL for males at 12–18 years of age and >5.7 mg/dL for females at 12–18 years of age. MetS was defined by the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze hyperuricemia-associated risk factors. Results The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 9.4% (male, 8.4%; female, 10.5%) (P<0.281). After adjusting for sociodemographic factors and health behaviors in multivariate analysis (model 1), the odds ratio (OR) for hyperuricemia of MetS was 3.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–7.92; P=0.022). After adjusting for the same variables in model 1 plus obesity and all MetS components (model 2), only abdominal obesity was significant, and the OR for hyperuricemia was 3.38 (95% CI, 1.72–6.63; P<0.001) After adjusting for the same variables in model 1 plus body mass index (BMI) z scores and all MetS components except abdominal obesity (model 3), only BMI z scores was significant, and the OR for hyperuricemia was 1.59 (95% CI, 1.34–1.89; P<0.001). Conclusion MetS, abdominal obesity, and BMI z scores were CMRFs significantly associated with hyperuricemia in Korean children and adolescents. Therefore, attention should be paid to hyperuricemia in patients with obesity or MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Al-Shamsi S, Regmi D, Govender RD. Incidence of cardiovascular disease and its associated risk factors in at-risk men and women in the United Arab Emirates: a 9-year retrospective cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:148. [PMID: 31208354 PMCID: PMC6580495 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide; however, the epidemiology of CVD among nationals from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) remains unknown. This study aimed to estimate the 9-year incidence rate of CVD and determine the risk factors associated with CVD among UAE nationals at high cardiovascular risk. In addition, we investigated whether sex was an important modifier of the risk factors associated with incident CVD in this population. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 977 subjects, including 492 women, aged ≥18 years, who did not have histories of CVD, and who had ≥1 CVD risk factors. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses stratified by sex were used to examine the predictors of major CVD events, namely, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and acute peripheral arterial occlusion. Results During a median follow-up period of 8.9 years, the incidence rate of major CVD was 12.7 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.4–15.4), and among men and women were 16.8 (95% CI 12.9–21.4) and 9.0 (95% CI 6.4–12.4) per 1000 person-years, respectively. Major CVD and MI were significantly more frequent among men than women, and the stroke and acute peripheral arterial occlusion rates were similar for both sexes. Multivariable Cox analyses showed that the systolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and serum glycosylated hemoglobin A1c level were strong predictors of major CVD in both sexes. Among women, the total cholesterol (TC)-to-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (hazard ratio [HR] 1.44, 95% CI 1.02–2.04) was an additional independent predictor of major CVD. Age (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.19–1.89) and a history of smoking (HR 1.80, 95% CI 1.07–3.02) were significant risk factors associated with major CVD in men. Conclusions Among high-risk UAE nationals who did not have histories of CVD, the risk of major CVD was associated with high systolic blood pressure, a low estimated glomerular filtration rate, and poorly controlled diabetes. The high TC-to-HDL-C ratios, especially among women, and smoking among men, are modifiable risk factors that should be managed aggressively. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12872-019-1131-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saif Al-Shamsi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Dybesh Regmi
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Romona D Govender
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hailemariam S, Melak T, Abebe M. Waist Circumference Cutoff Point Determination for Defining Metabolic Syndrome in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Ethiopia. EJIFCC 2019; 30:48-58. [PMID: 30881274 PMCID: PMC6416805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disorder characterized by a cluster of interrelated cardiovascular risk factors. So far, cutoff point variability of waist circumference was documented to define MetS. OBJECTIVE To determine the classification power and cutoff point of waist circumference to define MetS among patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS An institution-based cross sectional study was conducted from March to April 2017 at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital among patients with type 2 diabetes. Using systematic sampling technique, 520 participants were enrolled into the study. Data were collected by checklist, anthropometric measurements and biochemical analyses. Data were entered to Epi-info 3.5.1 and transferred to SPSS 20 for analysis. Participants having more than one abnormal MetS components were categorized as patients and the others were considered as control. The classification power of waist circumference to distinguish patients from controls was determined by ROC curve analysis. Waist circumference cutoff points were determined by taking the point that had a maximum youden index. RESULTS Among the 520 participants, 308 (59.2%) were females. The mean age of the participants was 56 ± 10.8 years for males and 55 ± 11.4 years for females. The classification power of waist circumference was 0.67 (0.58-0.75) for male and 0.63 (0.52-0.73) for females. The optimal waist circumference cutoff point to distinguish patients from controls were 95.5 cm (sensitivity 39.8%, specificity 86.3%, p< 0.001) for males, and 87.5 cm (sensitivity 73.1%, specificity 54.5%, p< 0.017) for females. CONCLUSION The positive predictive value of waist circumference was 93% for females and 90% for males in Northern Ethiopia using 87.5 and 95.5 cm points cut-off for females and males, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shewit Hailemariam
- Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle University, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia
| | - Tadele Melak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia,Corresponding author: Tadele Melak P.O. Box 196 College of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Clinical Chemistry University of Gondar Amhara Regional State Ethiopia Phone: +251921576005 E-mail:
| | - Molla Abebe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Immune Activation, Inflammation, and Non-AIDS Co-Morbidities in HIV-Infected Patients under Long-Term ART. Viruses 2019; 11:v11030200. [PMID: 30818749 PMCID: PMC6466530 DOI: 10.3390/v11030200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLWH) still present persistent chronic immune activation and inflammation. This condition is the result of several factors including thymic dysfunction, persistent antigen stimulation due to low residual viremia, microbial translocation and dysbiosis, caused by the disruption of the gut mucosa, co-infections, and cumulative ART toxicity. All of these factors can create a vicious cycle that does not allow the full control of immune activation and inflammation, leading to an increased risk of developing non-AIDS co-morbidities such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the most recent data about HIV-associated inflammation and chronic immune exhaustion in PLWH under effective ART. Furthermore, we discuss new therapy approaches that are currently being tested to reduce the risk of developing inflammation, ART toxicity, and non-AIDS co-morbidities.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ogunsile FJ, Bediako SM, Nelson J, Cichowitz C, Yu T, Patrick Carroll C, Stewart K, Naik R, Haywood C, Lanzkron S. Metabolic syndrome among adults living with sickle cell disease. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2019; 74:25-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
27
|
Dos Santos JM, Tewari S, Mendes RH. The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Development of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:4189813. [PMID: 31192263 PMCID: PMC6525877 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4189813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Dos Santos
- School of Education, Health and Human Performance, Fairmont State University, West Virginia, USA
- Henry Ford College, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Shikha Tewari
- Department of Pathology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Roberta H. Mendes
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yamaguchi M, Eguchi M, Akter S, Kochi T, Hu H, Kashino I, Kuwahara K, Kabe I, Mizoue T. The association of work-related stressors and their changes over time with the development of metabolic syndrome: The Furukawa Nutrition and Health Study. J Occup Health 2018; 60:485-493. [PMID: 30259880 PMCID: PMC6281630 DOI: 10.1539/joh.2017-0298-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate associations of work-related stressors and their changes over time with the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Japanese manufacturing workers. Methods: Participants were 1,040 employees aged 19 to 68 years who were free from MetS at baseline and completed the three year-interval follow-up survey. MetS was defined according to the Joint Interim Statement. Work-related stressors (job strain, job demands, job control, and worksite social support) were assessed based on the Job Content Questionnaire and were split into two categories (low and high) by the median value at each survey. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to investigate the associations of baseline work-related stressors and their changes over time with the incidence of MetS. Results: Three years later, 61 workers developed MetS. Higher job demands at baseline were significantly associated with a lower risk of MetS (adjusted odds ratio 0.46, 95% confidential interval: 0.24, 0.89). In the analyses of the changes in stressors over time, those whose job demands changed from low to high showed significantly higher risk of MetS (adjusted odds ratio 3.27, 95% confidential interval: 1.46, 7.34), compared with those who reported low job demands in both surveys. Conclusions: Results suggest that an increase in job demands over time, but not higher job demands at baseline, is associated with increased risk of MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Yamaguchi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Masafumi Eguchi
- Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation
| | - Shamima Akter
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Takeshi Kochi
- Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation
| | - Huanhuan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | - Ikuko Kashino
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| | | | - Isamu Kabe
- Department of Health Administration, Furukawa Electric Corporation
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
High-fat diet disrupts bone remodeling by inducing local and systemic alterations. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 59:93-103. [PMID: 29986312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A high-fat (HF) diet leads to detrimental effects on alveolar bone (AB); however, the mechanisms linking adiposity to bone loss are poorly understood. This study investigated if AB resorption induced by an HF diet is associated with the regulation of inflammatory gene expression and if adipocytes can directly interfere with osteoclastogenesis. We also evaluated the effects of diet restriction (DR) on bone phenotype. C57BL6/J mice were fed normal chow or an HF diet for 12 weeks. Samples of maxillae, femur, blood and white adipose tissue were analyzed. In vitro co-culture of bone marrow-derived osteoclasts and mature adipocytes was carried out. The results revealed an increased number of osteoclasts and fewer osteoblasts in animals fed the HF diet, which led to the disruption of trabecular bone and horizontal AB loss. Similar effects were observed in the femur. The metabolic parameters and the deleterious effects of the HF diet on AB and the femur were reversed after DR. The HF diet modulated the expression of 30 inflammatory genes in AB such as Fam3c, InhBa, Tnfs11, Ackr2, Pxmp2 and Chil3, which are related to the inflammatory response and bone remodeling. In vitro, mature adipocytes produced increased levels of adipokines, and co-culture with osteoclasts resulted in augmented osteoclastogenesis. The results indicate that the mechanisms by which an HF diet affects bone involve induction of osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory gene expression. Adipokines apparently are key molecules in this process. Strategies to control diet-induced bone loss might be beneficial in patients with preexisting bone inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
|
30
|
The role of mitochondrial DNA damage at skeletal muscle oxidative stress on the development of type 2 diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 449:251-255. [PMID: 29679277 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reduced cellular response to insulin in skeletal muscle is one of the major components of the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Mitochondrial dysfunction involves in the accumulation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) that leads to insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to verify the involvement of mitochondrial DNA damage at ROS generation in skeletal muscle during development of T2D. Wistar rats were fed a diet containing 60% fat over 8 weeks and at day 14 a single injection of STZ (25 mg/kg) was administered (T2D-induced). Control rats received standard food and an injection of citrate buffer. Blood and soleus muscle were collected. Abdominal fat was quantified as well as glucose, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol in plasma and mtDNA copy number, cytochrome b (cytb) mRNA, 8-hydroxyguanosine, and 8-isoprostane (a marker of ROS) in soleus muscle. T2D-induced animal presented similar characteristics to humans that develop T2D such as changes in blood glucose, abdominal fat, LDL, HDL and cholesterol total. In soleus muscle 8-isoprostane, mtDNA copy number and 8-hydroxyguanosine were increased, while cytb mRNA was decreased in T2D. Our results suggest that in the development of T2D, when risks factors of T2D are present, intracellular oxidative stress increases in skeletal muscle and is associated with a decrease in cytb transcription. To overcome this process mtDNA increased but due to the proximity of ROS generation, mtDNA remains damaged by oxidation leading to an increase in ROS in a vicious cycle accounting to the development of insulin resistance and further T2D.
Collapse
|
31
|
Sengupta S, Jaseem T, Ambalavanan J, Hegde A. Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR 2) in Mild Subclinical Hypothyroid Subjects. Indian J Clin Biochem 2018; 33:214-217. [PMID: 29651214 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-017-0647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite various studies with conflicting results, the effect of thyroid hormones on lipids and insulin levels in dysthyroidism is of great interest. This case control study was aimed to perceive the existence of IR and dyslipidemia in mild subclinical hypothyroid subjects (TSH ≤ 9.9 µIU/ml) as compared to their age and gender matched euthyroid controls. Basic demographic information like height, weight was recorded. Serum samples of all the subjects were assayed for thyroid profile, lipid profile, blood glucose, HbA1C and insulin. BMI and insulin resistance was calculated. Compared to controls patients with mild subclinical hypothyroidism demonstrated hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia observed by the higher LDL cholesterol. A significantly positive correlation was observed for HOMA-IR with TSH and LDL cholesterol. Hence, even in the mild subclinical hypothyroid state assessment of thyroid function should be combined with estimation of plasma glucose, insulin and serum lipids to monitor and prevent its associated effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreejita Sengupta
- 1Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, Karnataka India
| | - T Jaseem
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Center for Basic Sciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575004 India
| | | | - Anupama Hegde
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Center for Basic Sciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575004 India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2018; 7:4-9. [PMID: 31646271 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus elicits cellular, epigenetic, and post-translational changes that directly or indirectly affect the biology of the vasculature and other metabolic systems resulting in the apparition of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we provide a current perspective on the most recent discoveries in this field, with particular focus on hyperglycemia- induced pathology in the cardiovascular system. We also provide perspective on the clinical importance of molecular targeting of cardiovascular and diabetes mellitus therapies to treat hyperglycemia, inflammation, thrombosis, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and hypertension.
Collapse
|
33
|
Kiama CN, Wamicwe JN, Oyugi EO, Obonyo MO, Mungai JG, Roka ZG, Mwangi A. Prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome in an urban population of adults living with HIV in Nairobi, Kenya. Pan Afr Med J 2018; 29:90. [PMID: 29875971 PMCID: PMC5987082 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.29.90.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic syndrome affects 20-25% of the adult population globally. It predisposes to cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes. Studies in other countries suggest a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome among HIV-infected patients but no studies have been reported in Kenya. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome in adult HIV-infected patients in an urban population in Nairobi, Kenya. Methods In a cross-sectional study design, conducted at Riruta Health Centre in 2016, 360 adults infected with HIV were recruited. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demography. Blood was collected by finger prick for fasting glucose and venous sampling for lipid profile. Results Using the harmonized Joint Scientific Statement criteria, metabolic syndrome was present in 19.2%. The prevalence was higher among females than males (20.7% vs. 16.0%). Obesity (AOR = 5.37, P < 0.001), lack of formal education (AOR = 5.20, P = 0.002) and family history of hypertension (AOR = 2.06, P = 0.029) were associated with increased odds of metabolic syndrome while physical activity (AOR = 0.28, P = 0.001) was associated with decreased odds. Conclusion Metabolic syndrome is prevalent in this study population. Obesity, lack of formal education, family history of hypertension, and physical inactivity are associated with metabolic syndrome. Screening for risk factors, promotion of healthy lifestyle, and nutrition counselling should be offered routinely in HIV care and treatment clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Nduku Kiama
- Moi University School of Public Health, Eldoret, Kenya.,Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Elvis Omondi Oyugi
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mark Odhiambo Obonyo
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jane Githuku Mungai
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Zeinab Gura Roka
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ann Mwangi
- Moi University School of Public Health, Eldoret, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang L, Guo J, Lu J. Risk factor compositions of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease change with body mass index in males and females. Oncotarget 2018; 7:35632-35642. [PMID: 27248665 PMCID: PMC5094950 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent and correlated with obesity. To evaluate the role of body mass index (BMI) and gender difference in NAFLD, 8817 general adult subjects underwent physical examinations and were divided into four groups: underweight, normal, overweight and obese. The risk factor compositions for NAFLD were evaluated in each group by gender. The percentage of subjects with NAFLD increased sharply from 0.4% in the underweight group up to 81.9 % in the obese group. BMI stratification showed distinct risk factor compositions associated with NAFLD in males and females according to BMI and improved the performance of NAFLD prediction models in each group. Triglycerides (TG), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and uric acid were steady risk factors for NAFLD in males. Total cholesterol (TC), TG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), ALT, and uric acid were steady risk factors for NAFLD in females. TG, ALT and uric acid were common risk factors in both genders with high performance for NAFLD discrimination. Our data provide gender- and BMI-specific risk factor compositions that will facilitate individualised treatment and benefit NAFLD control and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghui Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Lu
- Health Examination Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhou J, Gao X, Huang S, Ma L, Cui Y, Wang H, Qiu J, Wang L, Dong Q, Chen Z, Wang X, Zhang D. Simvastatin Improves the Jaw Bone Microstructural Defect Induced by High Cholesterol Diet in Rats by Regulating Autophagic Flux. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4147932. [PMID: 30050930 PMCID: PMC6040281 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4147932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of simvastatin on the jaw bone microstructural defect and autophagy in rats with high cholesterol diet (HCD). METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a standard rodent chow (NC group) or a high cholesterol diet for 32 weeks and the HCD-fed rats were treated with vehicle (HC group) or simvastatin (5 mg/kg orally daily for 8 weeks, HC + SIM group, and n = 10/group). The static histomorphometric changes in the jaw bone tissues in individual rats were evaluated. The relative levels of OPG, RANKL, NF-κB, LC3, and p62 in the jaw bone tissues were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and/or immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with the NC group, the HC groups had lower trabecular bone volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular number, and increased ratios of RANKL/OPG in the jaw bone, accompanied by enhanced NF-κB activation and autophagy. Simvastatin treatment inhabited these changes, including the decreased levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines and increased autophagy. CONCLUSION Simvastatin treatment could inhibit the hyperlipidemia-induced jaw bone microstructural defect in rats by increasing autophagic flux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shengyun Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yanjun Cui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Hengkun Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jianzhong Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Quanjiang Dong
- Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Zhenggang Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Xuxia Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Is Synovial Macrophage Activation the Inflammatory Link Between Obesity and Osteoarthritis? Curr Rheumatol Rep 2016; 18:57. [DOI: 10.1007/s11926-016-0605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
38
|
Turker Y, Baltaci D, Turker Y, Ozturk S, Sonmez CI, Deler MH, Sariguzel YC, Sariguzel F, Ankarali H. Investigation of relationship of visceral body fat and inflammatory markers with metabolic syndrome and its components among apparently healthy individuals. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:13067-77. [PMID: 26550229 PMCID: PMC4612914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of disorders and great risk for cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate association between severity of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and anthropometric measurements, and to evaluate correlation of MetS and its components with metabolic deterioration and inflammatory indexes. The cross-sectional study enrolled 1474 patients with obesity and overweight. The patients were grouped as MetS and Non-MetS, and were sub-grouped as group 1 (three criteria), 2 (four criteria) and 3 (≥ five criteria) according to NCEP ATP III. Mean age was 38.7 ± 11.9 years and BMI was 35.1 ± 6.3 kg/m(2). Lipid profile, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, liver function tests, bioelectric impedance body fat compositions, insulin resistance and HbA1c, and spot urinary albumin-creatinine ratio were significantly different between groups of MetS and Non-MetS. Age, lipid profile, bioelectric impedance fat analyses, BMI, blood pressure values, glucose, insulin resistance, uric acid and hs-CRP levels were significantly different between groups of MetS component groups. ROC analysis revealed that hs-CRP was found to be more predictive for severity of metabolic syndrome components 3 and 4 (P=0.030); uric acid and visceral fat were more actual to predict severity of metabolic syndrome between 3 and 5 MetS components, (P=0.006) and uric acid was detected as more actual to predict severity of MetS between 4 and 5 components (P=0.023). In conclusion, uric acid, hs-CRP and visceral body fat composition were useful to predict to severity of MetS in primary care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Davut Baltaci
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical School, Duzce UniversityDuzce 81620, Turkey
| | - Yasin Turker
- Department of Cardiology, Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of MedicineDuzce, Turkey
| | - Serkan Ozturk
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal UniversityTurkey
| | - Cemil Isik Sonmez
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical School, Duzce UniversityDuzce 81620, Turkey
| | | | | | - Feyza Sariguzel
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical School, Duzce UniversityDuzce 81620, Turkey
| | - Handan Ankarali
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Duzce UniversityTurkey
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Soares EA, Novaes RD, Nakagaki WR, Fernandes GJM, Garcia JAD, Camilli JA. Metabolic and structural bone disturbances induced by hyperlipidic diet in mice treated with simvastatin. Int J Exp Pathol 2015; 96:261-8. [PMID: 26175225 PMCID: PMC4561563 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin can modulate lipid and bone metabolism. However, information related to the interaction between diet and simvastatin on bone structure and biomechanics is scarce. Thus, this study evaluated the effects of simvastatin on femoral biomechanics and cortical/trabecular bone structure in wild-type mice nourished with a hyperlipidic diet. Three-month-old male wild-type mice (C57BL6 strain) were divided into four groups: (1) group W, nourished with a standard diet; (2) group WH, fed a hyperlipidic diet; (3) group WS, nourished with a standard diet plus oral simvastatin (20 mg/kg/day); and (4) group WHS, fed a hyperlipidic diet plus oral simvastatin (20 mg/kg/day). All animals received only their specific diet and water for 60 days. Blood samples were collected for the analysis of calcium, triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC) and fraction serum levels. Diet manipulation was able to induce a dyslipidaemic status in mice, characterized by triglyceride and TC rise in WH animals. Simvastatin prevented hypercholesterolaemia and reduced TC and LDL serum levels, but did not prevent hypertriglyceridaemia and HDL serum levels in the WHS group. In the WH mice the hyperlipidaemia was associated with reduction in trabecular bone thickness, femur structural and material property alterations. Simvastatin prevented these morphological alterations and minimized femur biomechanical changes in WHS mice. Taken together, the results indicated that the hyperlipidic diet intake acts as a risk factor for bone integrity, generating bones with reduced resistance and more susceptible to fractures, an effect attenuated by simvastatin that is potentially related to the modulatory action of this drug on lipid and bone metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rômulo Dias Novaes
- Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Wilson Romero Nakagaki
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - José Antônio Dias Garcia
- Nucleus of Experimental Research in Pharmacology and Experimental Surgery, University José Rosário Vellano (UNIFENAS), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - José Angelo Camilli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Recent advances in genetic analysis especially DNA sequencing technology open a new strategy for adult disease prevention by genetic screening. Physicians presently treat disease pathology with less emphasis on disease risk prevention/reduction. Genetic screening has reduced the incidence of untreatable childhood genetic diseases and improved the care of newborns. The opportunity exists to expand screening programs and reduce the incidence of adult onset diseases via genetic risk identification and disease intervention. This article outlines the approach, challenges, and benefits of such screening for adult genetic disease risks.
Collapse
|
41
|
Coqueiro RDS, Santos MC, Neto JDSL, Queiroz BMD, Brügger NAJ, Barbosa AR. Validity of a portable glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides multi-analyzer in adults. Biol Res Nurs 2013; 16:288-94. [PMID: 23871994 DOI: 10.1177/1099800413495953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the accuracy and precision of the Accutrend Plus system to determine blood glucose, total cholesterol, and plasma triglycerides in adults and evaluated its efficiency in measuring these blood variables. The sample consisted of 53 subjects (≥ 18 years). For blood variable laboratory determination, venous blood samples were collected and processed in a Labmax 240 analyzer. To measure blood variables with the Accutrend Plus system, samples of capillary blood were collected. In the analysis, the following tests were included: Wilcoxon and Student's t-tests for paired samples, Lin's concordance coefficient, Bland-Altman method, receiver operating characteristic curve, McNemar test, and k statistics. The results show that the Accutrend Plus system provided significantly higher values (p ≤ .05) of glucose and triglycerides but not of total cholesterol (p > .05) as compared to the values determined in the laboratory. However, the system showed good reproducibility (Lin's coefficient: glucose = .958, triglycerides = .992, total cholesterol = .940) and high concordance with the laboratory method (Lin's coefficient: glucose = .952, triglycerides = .990, total cholesterol = .944) and high sensitivity (glucose = 80.0%, triglycerides = 90.5%, total cholesterol = 84.4%) and specificity (glucose = 100.0%, triglycerides = 96.9%, total cholesterol = 95.2%) in the discrimination of high values of the three blood variables analyzed. It could be concluded that despite the tendency to overestimate glucose and triglyceride levels, a portable multi-analyzer is a valid alternative for the monitoring of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raildo da Silva Coqueiro
- Núcleo de Estudos em Epidemiologia do Envelhecimento (NEPE), Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mateus Carmo Santos
- Núcleo de Estudos em Epidemiologia do Envelhecimento (NEPE), Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - João de Souza Leal Neto
- Núcleo de Estudos em Epidemiologia do Envelhecimento (NEPE), Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bruno Morbeck de Queiroz
- Núcleo de Estudos em Epidemiologia do Envelhecimento (NEPE), Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Nelson Augusto Jardim Brügger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Rodrigues Barbosa
- Núcleo de Estudos em Epidemiologia do Envelhecimento (NEPE), Departamento de Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil Departamento de Educação Física, Centro de Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Juman S, Yasui N, Ikeda K, Ueda A, Sakanaka M, Negishi H, Miki T. Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Suppresses the Production of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Hypertrophic Adipocytes through Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:1941-6. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Juman
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University
| | - Naomi Yasui
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University
| | - Katsumi Ikeda
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University
| | - Ai Ueda
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University
| | - Mariko Sakanaka
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University
| | - Hiroko Negishi
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women’s University
| | - Tomohiro Miki
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Behaviour of human erythrocyte aggregation in presence of autologous lipoproteins. Biochem Res Int 2011; 2012:261736. [PMID: 21912746 PMCID: PMC3170799 DOI: 10.1155/2012/261736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate in vitro the effect
of autologous plasma lipoprotein subfractions on erythrocyte tendency
to aggregate. Aliquots of human blood samples were enriched or not
(control) with their own HDL-C, LDL-C, or VLDL-C fractions obtained
from the same batch by density gradient ultracentrifugation. Plasma
osmolality and erythrocyte aggregation index (EAI) were determined.
Blood aliquots enriched with LDL-C and HDL-C showed significant higher
EAI than untreated aliquots, whereas enrichment with VLDL-C does not
induce significant EAI changes. For the same range of lipoprotein
concentrations expressed as percentage of osmolality variation, the
EAI variation was positive and higher in presence of HDL-C than upon
enrichment with LDL-C (P < 0.01). Particle size, up to LDL diameter values, seems to
reinforce erythrocyte tendency to aggregate at the same plasma
osmolality (particle number) range of values.
Collapse
|
44
|
Novgorodtseva TP, Karaman YK, Zhukova NV, Lobanova EG, Antonyuk MV, Kantur TA. Composition of fatty acids in plasma and erythrocytes and eicosanoids level in patients with metabolic syndrome. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:82. [PMID: 21595891 PMCID: PMC3116500 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbances of the fatty acids composition in plasma and red blood cells and eicosanoid synthesis play an important role in the metabolic syndrome (MS) formation. METHODS The observation group included 61 people with metabolic syndrome (30 patients with MS and normal levels of insulin, 31 people with MS and insulin resistance--IR). The parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in blood serum were examined. The composition of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), fatty acid (FA) of red blood cells lipids was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Eicosanoids level in MS patients blood serum was studied by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS In MS patients in the absence of glucose-insulin homeostasis disturbances and in patients with IR the accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (18:2 n6, 18:3 n3, 22:4 n6) and lower pool of saturated FA (12:0, 14:0, 16: 0, 17:0) in plasma were discovered. A deficit of polyunsaturated FA (18:3 n3, 20:4 n6) with a predominance of on-saturated FA (14:0, 18:0) in erythrocyte membranes was revealed. In MS patients regardless of the carbohydrate metabolism status high levels of leukotriene B4 and 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1α in serum were found. The development of IR in MS patients leads to increased synthesis of thromboxane A2. CONCLUSION The results revealed a disturbance in nonesterified fatty acids of plasma lipids and red blood cells, eicosanoid synthesis in MS patients. The breach of the plasma and cell membranes fatty acids compositions, synthesis of vasoactive and proinflammatory eicosanoids is an important pathogenetic part of the MS development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana P Novgorodtseva
- Vladivostok Branch of the Far Eastern Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration of SB RAMN - Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Russia
| | - Yulia K Karaman
- Vladivostok Branch of the Far Eastern Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration of SB RAMN - Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Russia
| | - Natalia V Zhukova
- Institute of marine biology of name A.V. Zhirmunskogo of the Far East department the Russian academy of sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Elena G Lobanova
- Vladivostok Branch of the Far Eastern Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration of SB RAMN - Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Russia
| | - Marina V Antonyuk
- Vladivostok Branch of the Far Eastern Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration of SB RAMN - Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Russia
| | - Tatyana A Kantur
- Vladivostok Branch of the Far Eastern Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration of SB RAMN - Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Russia
| |
Collapse
|