1
|
Tahmasebi F, Asl ER, Vahidinia Z, Faghihi F, Barati S. The comparative effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and supernatant transplantation on demyelination and inflammation in cuprizone model. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:674. [PMID: 38787497 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09628-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with inflammation and immune dysfunction. OBJECTIVES We compared the remyelination and immunomodulation properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with their conditioned medium (CM) in the cuprizone model. METHODS Twenty-four C57BL/ 6 mice were divided into four groups. After cuprizone demyelination, MSCs and their CM were injected into the right lateral ventricle of mice. The expression level of IL-1β, TNF-α, and BDNF genes was evaluated using the qRT-PCR. APC antibody was used to assess the oligodendrocyte population using the immunofluorescent method. The remyelination and axonal repair were studied by specific staining of the LFB and electron microscopy techniques. RESULTS Transplantation of MSCs and CM increased the expression of the BDNF gene and decreased the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α genes compared to the cuprizone group, and these effects in the cell group were more than CM. Furthermore, cell transplantation resulted in a significant improvement in myelination and axonal repair, which was measured by luxol fast blue and transmission electron microscope images. The cell group had a higher number of oligodendrocytes than other groups. CONCLUSIONS According to the findings, injecting MSCs intraventricularly versus cell-conditioned medium can be a more effective approach to improving chronic demyelination in degenerative diseases like MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Tahmasebi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elmira Roshani Asl
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Zeinab Vahidinia
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Faezeh Faghihi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pad Nahad Tabiat Company, Ltd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Barati
- Department of Anatomy, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sorouri F, Hosseini P, Sharifzadeh M, Kiani S, Khoobi M. In Situ Cross-Linkable Hyaluronic-Ferulic Acid Conjugate Containing Bucladesine Nanoparticles Promotes Neural Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42251-42270. [PMID: 37647536 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional clinical outcomes following spinal cord injury (SCI) result from glial scar formation, leading to the inhibition of new axon growth and impaired regeneration. Nevertheless, nerve regeneration after SCI is possible, provided that the state of neuron development in the injured environment is improved. Hence, biomaterial-based therapy would be a promising strategy to endow a desirable environment for tissue repair. Herein, we designed a novel multifunctional injectable hydrogel with antioxidant, neuroprotective, and neuroregenerative effects. Bucladesine-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles (BCS NPs) were first prepared and embedded in a matrix of thiol-functionalized hyaluronic acid modified with ferulic acid (HASH-FA). The target hydrogel (HSP-F/BCS) was then created through Michael-type addition between HASH-FA containing BCS NPs and four-arm polyethylene glycol-maleimide (4-Arm-PEG-Mal). The obtained hydrogel with shear thinning behavior showed viscoelastic and mechanical properties similar to the normal nerve tissue. FA conjugation significantly improved the antioxidant activity of HA, and suppressed intracellular ROS formation. In situ injection of the HSP-F/BCS hydrogel in a rat contusion model of SCI inhibited glial scar progression, reduced microglia/macrophage infiltration, promoted angiogenesis, and induced myelinated axon regeneration. As a result, a significant improvement in motor performance was observed compared to other experimental groups. Taken together, the HSP-F/BCS hydrogel developed in this study could be a promising system for SCI repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Sorouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center (MBRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16656-59911, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
| | - Parastoo Hosseini
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16656-59911, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
| | - Sahar Kiani
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16656-59911, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center (MBRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nemati S, Kondiles BR, Wheeler S. The Contributions of the mTOR Complexes: How Does Regional and Temporal Heterogeneity Affect Myelination and Remyelination? J Neurosci 2023; 43:5590-5592. [PMID: 37532457 PMCID: PMC10401627 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0545-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saina Nemati
- Undergraduate Student in the Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Bethany R Kondiles
- Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sarah Wheeler
- Graduate Student in the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jia X, Lin W, Wang W. Regulation of chromatin organization during animal regeneration. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:19. [PMID: 37259007 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-023-00162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Activation of regeneration upon tissue damages requires the activation of many developmental genes responsible for cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and tissue patterning. Ample evidence revealed that the regulation of chromatin organization functions as a crucial mechanism for establishing and maintaining cellular identity through precise control of gene transcription. The alteration of chromatin organization can lead to changes in chromatin accessibility and/or enhancer-promoter interactions. Like embryogenesis, each stage of tissue regeneration is accompanied by dynamic changes of chromatin organization in regeneration-responsive cells. In the past decade, many studies have been conducted to investigate the contribution of chromatin organization during regeneration in various tissues, organs, and organisms. A collection of chromatin regulators were demonstrated to play critical roles in regeneration. In this review, we will summarize the progress in the understanding of chromatin organization during regeneration in different research organisms and discuss potential common mechanisms responsible for the activation of regeneration response program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Jia
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weifeng Lin
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li S, Song Q, Wu B, Kan G, Wang F, Yang J, Zhu S. Structural damage to the rat eye following long-term simulated weightlessness. Exp Eye Res 2022; 223:109200. [PMID: 35932903 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To better perform space missions and develop human spaceflights, the eye health of astronauts is receiving increasing attention from researchers. In this study, we used prolonged tail suspension to simulate microgravity cephalad fluid shift in space to observe intraocular pressure (IOP) changes, retinal structure, and optic nerve damage in rats. We observed significant choroidal thickening and optic nerve demyelination lesions in the rats in each experimental group. At the cellular level, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) survival was significantly reduced, optic nerve oligodendrocytes were reduced, and apoptotic factors and microglia-mediated inflammation-related factors were detected in both the retina and optic nerve. The severity of these changes increased with increasing tails suspension time. In conclusion, simulated long-term microgravity can lead to slight intraocular pressure fluctuations, choroidal thickening, reduced RGCs survival, and optic nerve demyelination in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610036, China
| | - Qiuyi Song
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610036, China
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Guanghan Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610036, China; Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China.
| | - Siquan Zhu
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610036, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tran V, Carpo N, Shaka S, Zamudio J, Choi S, Cepeda C, Espinosa-Jeffrey A. Delayed Maturation of Oligodendrocyte Progenitors by Microgravity: Implications for Multiple Sclerosis and Space Flight. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:797. [PMID: 35743828 PMCID: PMC9224676 DOI: 10.3390/life12060797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, we examined the effects of space microgravity on human neural stem cells. To date, there are no studies on a different type of cell that is critical for myelination and electrical signals transmission, oligodendrocyte progenitors (OLPs). The purpose of the present study was to examine the behavior of space-flown OLPs (SPC-OLPs) as they were adapting to Earth's gravity. We found that SPC-OLPs survived, and most of them proliferated normally. Nonetheless, some of them displayed incomplete cytokinesis. Both morphological and ontogenetic analyses showed that they remained healthy and expressed the immature OLP markers Sox2, PDGFR-α, and transferrin (Tf) after space flight, which confirmed that SPC-OLPs displayed a more immature phenotype than their ground control (GC) counterparts. In contrast, GC OLPs expressed markers that usually appear later (GPDH, O4, and ferritin), indicating a delay in SPC-OLPs' development. These cells remained immature even after treatment with culture media designed to support oligodendrocyte (OL) maturation. The most remarkable and surprising finding was that the iron carrier glycoprotein Tf, previously described as an early marker for OLPs, was expressed ectopically in the nucleus of all SPC-OLPs. In contrast, their GC counterparts expressed it exclusively in the cytoplasm, as previously described. In addition, analysis of the secretome demonstrated that SPC-OLPs contained 3.5 times more Tf than that of GC cells, indicating that Tf is gravitationally regulated, opening two main fields of study to understand the upregulation of the Tf gene and secretion of the protein that keep OLPs at a progenitor stage rather than moving forward to more mature phenotypes. Alternatively, because Tf is an autocrine and paracrine factor in the central nervous system (CNS), in the absence of neurons, it accumulated in the secretome collected after space flight. We conclude that microgravity is becoming a novel platform to study why in some myelin disorders OLPs are present but do not mature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Tran
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, The University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (V.T.); (N.C.); (S.S.); (J.Z.); (C.C.)
| | - Nicholas Carpo
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, The University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (V.T.); (N.C.); (S.S.); (J.Z.); (C.C.)
| | - Sophia Shaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, The University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (V.T.); (N.C.); (S.S.); (J.Z.); (C.C.)
| | - Joile Zamudio
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, The University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (V.T.); (N.C.); (S.S.); (J.Z.); (C.C.)
| | - Sungshin Choi
- KBR, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA;
| | - Carlos Cepeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, The University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (V.T.); (N.C.); (S.S.); (J.Z.); (C.C.)
| | - Araceli Espinosa-Jeffrey
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, The University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (V.T.); (N.C.); (S.S.); (J.Z.); (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Theotokis P, Kesidou E, Mitsiadou D, Petratos S, Damianidou O, Boziki M, Chatzidimitriou A, Grigoriadis N. Lumbar spine intrathecal transplantation of neural precursor cells promotes oligodendrocyte proliferation in hot spots of chronic demyelination. Brain Pathol 2021; 32:e13040. [PMID: 34845781 PMCID: PMC9245942 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a basic and reliable model used to study clinical and pathological hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS) in rodents. Several studies suggest neural precursor cells (NPCs) as a significant research tool while reporting that transplanted NPCs are a promising therapeutic approach to treating neurological disorders, such as MS. The main objective was to approach a preclinical, in vivo scenario of oligodendrogenesis with NPCs, targeting the main chronic demyelinated lumbosacral milieu of EAE, via the least invasive delivery method which is lumbar puncture. We utilized MOG35‐55 peptide to induce EAE in C57BL/6 mice and prior to the acute relapse, we intervened with either the traceable GFP+ cellular therapy or saline solution in the intrathecal space of their lumbar spine. A BrdU injection, which enabled us to monitor endogenous proliferation, marked the endpoint 50 days post‐induction (50 dpi). Neuropathology with high‐throughput, triple immunofluorescent, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) data were extracted and analyzed. The experimental treatment attenuated the chronic phase of EAE (50 dpi; score <1) following an acute, clinical relapse. Myelination and axonal integrity were rescued in the NPC‐treated animals along with suppressed immune populations. The differentiation profile of the exogenous NPCs and endogenous BrdU+ cells was location‐dependent where GFP+‐rich areas drove undifferentiated phenotypes toward the oligodendrocyte lineage. In situ oligodendrocyte enrichment was demonstrated through increased (p < 0.001) gap junction channels of Cx32 and Cx47, reliable markers for proliferative oligodendroglia syncytium. TEM morphometric analysis ultimately manifested an increased g‐ratio in lumbosacral fibers of the recovered animals (p < 0.001). Herein, we suggest that a single, lumbar intrathecal administration of NPCs capacitated a viable cellular load and resulted in clinical and pathological amelioration, stimulating resident OPCs to overcome the remyelination failure in EAE demyelinating locale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Mitsiadou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olympia Damianidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marina Boziki
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Second Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Regenerative Effects of CDP-Choline: A Dose-Dependent Study in the Toxic Cuprizone Model of De- and Remyelination. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111156. [PMID: 34832936 PMCID: PMC8623145 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory attacks and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) are the key factors responsible for the damage of neurons in multiple sclerosis (MS). Remyelination is the natural regenerating process after demyelination that also provides neuroprotection but is often incomplete or fails in MS. Currently available therapeutics are affecting the immune system, but there is no substance that might enhance remyelination. Cytidine-S-diphosphate choline (CDP-choline), a precursor of the biomembrane component phospholipid phosphatidylcholine was shown to improve remyelination in two animal models of demyelination. However, the doses used in previous animal studies were high (500 mg/kg), and it is not clear if lower doses, which could be applied in human trials, might exert the same beneficial effect on remyelination. The aim of this study was to confirm previous results and to determine the potential regenerative effects of lower doses of CDP-choline (100 and 50 mg/kg). The effects of CDP-choline were investigated in the toxic cuprizone-induced mouse model of de- and remyelination. We found that even low doses of CDP-choline effectively enhanced early remyelination. The beneficial effects on myelin regeneration were accompanied by higher numbers of oligodendrocytes. In conclusion, CDP-choline could become a promising regenerative substance for patients with multiple sclerosis and should be tested in a clinical trial.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ding X, Jo J, Wang CY, Cristobal CD, Zuo Z, Ye Q, Wirianto M, Lindeke-Myers A, Choi JM, Mohila CA, Kawabe H, Jung SY, Bellen HJ, Yoo SH, Lee HK. The Daam2-VHL-Nedd4 axis governs developmental and regenerative oligodendrocyte differentiation. Genes Dev 2020; 34:1177-1189. [PMID: 32792353 PMCID: PMC7462057 DOI: 10.1101/gad.338046.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, Ding et al. sought to understand whether and how the ubiquitin–proteasomal system (UPS) contributes to oligodendrocyte dysfunction and repair after white matter injury (WMI). They demonstrate that the E3 ligase VHL interacts with Daam2 and their mutual antagonism regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation during development. Dysregulation of the ubiquitin–proteasomal system (UPS) enables pathogenic accumulation of disease-driving proteins in neurons across a host of neurological disorders. However, whether and how the UPS contributes to oligodendrocyte dysfunction and repair after white matter injury (WMI) remains undefined. Here we show that the E3 ligase VHL interacts with Daam2 and their mutual antagonism regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation during development. Using proteomic analysis of the Daam2–VHL complex coupled with conditional genetic knockout mouse models, we further discovered that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4 is required for developmental myelination through stabilization of VHL via K63-linked ubiquitination. Furthermore, studies in mouse demyelination models and white matter lesions from patients with multiple sclerosis corroborate the function of this pathway during remyelination after WMI. Overall, these studies provide evidence that a signaling axis involving key UPS components contributes to oligodendrocyte development and repair and reveal a new role for Nedd4 in glial biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Ding
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Juyeon Jo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Chih-Yen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Carlo D Cristobal
- Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Zuo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Qi Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Marvin Wirianto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Aaron Lindeke-Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jong Min Choi
- Center for Molecular Discovery, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Carrie A Mohila
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kawabe
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Center for Molecular Discovery, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hyun Kyoung Lee
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Epimedium flavonoids improve cognitive impairment and white matter lesions induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through inhibiting the Lingo-1/Fyn/ROCK pathway and activating the BDNF/NRG1/PI3K pathway in rats. Brain Res 2020; 1743:146902. [PMID: 32446949 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is a common cause of cerebral small vascular disease (CSVD). White matter (WM) lesions are the typical pathological manifestation of CSVD and contribute to cognitive decline. Epimedium flavonoids (EF) are the main component in Epimedium brevicornu Maxim., which is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of EF on cognitive impairment and the underlying mechanisms in a CSVD rat model induced with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. The model was established by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO) in rats. EF (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) was intragastrically administered once a day for 12 weeks starting 2 weeks after 2VO surgery. The learning and memory capacity of the rats were measured using the Morris water maze and step-through tests. WM lesions were observed by MRI-diffusion tensor imaging, transmission electron microscopy, and LFB staining. Oligodendrocytes were detected by immunohistochemistry. Western blotting assay was used to determine the level of protein expression. The results showed that EF significantly improved learning and memory impairment, alleviated WM nerve fiber injuries and demyelination, and increased the number of mature oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum, subcortical WM, and periventricular WM in 2VO rats. Mechanistically, EF reduced the expression of Lingo-1 and ROCK2 and increased the levels of phosphorylated (p-) Fyn, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), TrkB, neuregulin-1 (NRG-1), p-ErbB4, PI3K p85 and p110α, p-Akt, and p-CREB in the corpus callosum of 2VO rats. These results suggest that EF may improve cognitive impairment and WM lesions induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through inhibiting the Lingo-1/Fyn/ROCK pathway and activating the BDNF/TrkB, NRG-1/ErbB4, and the downstream PI3K/Akt/CREB pathways in WM. Thus, EF can be used as a potential neuroprotective agent in CSVD therapy.
Collapse
|
11
|
Nota MH, Vreeken D, Wiesmann M, Aarts EO, Hazebroek EJ, Kiliaan AJ. Obesity affects brain structure and function- rescue by bariatric surgery? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 108:646-657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
12
|
Chamberlain KA, Sheng ZH. Mechanisms for the maintenance and regulation of axonal energy supply. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:897-913. [PMID: 30883896 PMCID: PMC6565461 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The unique polarization and high-energy demand of neurons necessitates specialized mechanisms to maintain energy homeostasis throughout the cell, particularly in the distal axon. Mitochondria play a key role in meeting axonal energy demand by generating adenosine triphosphate through oxidative phosphorylation. Recent evidence demonstrates how axonal mitochondrial trafficking and anchoring are coordinated to sense and respond to altered energy requirements. If and when these mechanisms are impacted in pathological conditions, such as injury and neurodegenerative disease, is an emerging research frontier. Recent evidence also suggests that axonal energy demand may be supplemented by local glial cells, including astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In this review, we provide an updated discussion of how oxidative phosphorylation, aerobic glycolysis, and oligodendrocyte-derived metabolic support contribute to the maintenance of axonal energy homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Anne Chamberlain
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3706, USA
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Room 2B-215, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ladwig A, Rogall R, Hucklenbroich J, Willuweit A, Schoeneck M, Langen KJ, Fink GR, Rueger MA, Schroeter M. Osteopontin Attenuates Secondary Neurodegeneration in the Thalamus after Experimental Stroke. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2018; 14:295-311. [PMID: 30488353 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-9826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cortical cerebral ischemia elicits neuroinflammation as well as secondary neuronal degeneration in remote areas. Locally distinct and specific secondary neurodegeneration affecting thalamic nuclei connected to cortical areas highlights such processes. Osteopontin (OPN) is a cytokine-like glycoprotein that is excreted in high amounts after cerebral ischemia and exerts various immunomodulatory functions. We here examined putative protective effects of OPN in secondary thalamic degeneration. We subjected male Wistar rats to photothrombosis and subsequently injected OPN or placebo intracerebroventricularly. Immunohistochemical and fluorescence staining was used to detect the extent of neuronal degeneration and microglia activation. Ex vivo autoradiography with radiotracers available for human in vivo PET studies, i.e., CIS-4-[18F]Fluor-D-Proline (D-cis-[18F]FPRO), and [6-3H]thymidine ([3H]thymidine), confirmed degeneration and proliferation, respectively. We found secondary neurodegeneration in the thalamus characterized by microglial activation and neuronal loss. Neuronal loss was restricted to areas of microglial infiltration. Treatment with OPN significantly decreased neurodegeneration, inflammation and microglial proliferation. Microglia displayed morphological signs of activation without expressing markers of M1 or M2 polarization. D-CIS-[18F]FPRO-uptake mirrored attenuated degeneration in OPN-treated animals. Notably, [3H]thymidine and BrdU-staining revealed increased stem cell proliferation after treatment with OPN. The data suggest that OPN is able to ameliorate secondary neurodegeneration in thalamic nuclei. These effects can be visualized by radiotracers D-CIS-[18F]FPRO and [3H]thymidine, opening new vistas for translational studies. Graphical Abstract Intracerebroventricular injection of osteopontin attenuates thalamic degeneration after cortical ischemia (pink area). Disruption of thalamocortical connections (blue) and degeneration of thalamic nuclei (encircled) leads to microglia activation. Osteopontin protects from both neurodegeneration and microglia activation as assessed by histological analysis and autoradiograpic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ladwig
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Rogall
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Hucklenbroich
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Gereon R Fink
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.,INM-3, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - M Adele Rueger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.,INM-3, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Michael Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany. .,INM-3, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiang R, Prell C, Lönnerdal B. Milk osteopontin promotes brain development by up-regulating osteopontin in the brain in early life. FASEB J 2018; 33:1681-1694. [PMID: 30199283 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701290rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a pleiotropic protein and is abundantly present in milk. Its functions include immune modulation and cellular proliferation and differentiation. OPN is highly expressed in the brain. We investigated the effects of milk-derived OPN on brain development of mouse pups. Wild-type (WT) dams producing OPN+ milk and OPN knockout (KO) dams producing OPN- milk nursed WT pups (OPN+/+), yielding 2 pup treatment groups, OPN+ OPN+/+ and OPN- OPN+/+, for comparison. Preliminary studies supported use of this model by showing high concentrations of OPN in milk of WT dams and no OPN in milk of OPN KO dams, and production of similar amounts of milk by WT and KO dams. The ability of ingested milk OPN to enter the brain was revealed by appearance of orally gavaged [125I]-labeled and antibody-probed milk OPN in brains of pups. Brain OPN mRNA levels were similar in both nursed groups, but the brain OPN protein level was significantly lower in the OPN- OPN+/+ group at postnatal days 6 and 8. Behavior tests showed impaired memory and learning ability in OPN- OPN+/+ pups. In addition, our study revealed increased expression of myelination-related proteins and elevated proliferation and differentiation of NG-2 glia into oligodendrocytes in the brain of OPN+ OPN+/+ pups, accompanied by increased activation of ERK-1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling. We concluded that milk OPN can play an important role in brain development and behavior in infancy by promoting myelination.-Jiang, R., Prell, C., Lönnerdal, B. Milk osteopontin promotes brain development by up-regulating osteopontin in the brain in early life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rulan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Christine Prell
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Janowska J, Sypecka J. Therapeutic Strategies for Leukodystrophic Disorders Resulting from Perinatal Asphyxia: Focus on Myelinating Oligodendrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:4388-4402. [PMID: 28660484 PMCID: PMC5884907 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia results from the action of different risk factors like complications during pregnancy, preterm delivery, or long and difficult labor. Nowadays, it is still the leading cause of neonatal brain injury known as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and resulting neurological disorders. A temporal limitation of oxygen, glucose, and trophic factors supply results in alteration of neural cell differentiation and functioning and/or leads to their death. Among the affected cells are oligodendrocytes, responsible for myelinating the central nervous system (CNS) and formation of white matter. Therefore, one of the major consequences of the experienced HIE is leukodystrophic diseases resulting from oligodendrocyte deficiency or malfunctioning. The therapeutic strategies applied after perinatal asphyxia are aimed at reducing brain damage and promoting the endogenous neuroreparative mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the biology of oligodendrocytes and discuss present clinical treatments in the context of their efficiency in preserving white matter structure and preventing cognitive and behavioral deficits after perinatal asphyxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Janowska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Sypecka
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu D, Tang X, Gu LH, Li XL, Qi XY, Bai F, Chen XC, Wang JZ, Ren QG, Zhang ZJ. LINGO-1 antibody ameliorates myelin impairment and spatial memory deficits in the early stage of 5XFAD mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:381-393. [PMID: 29427384 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Multiple evidence has indicated that myelin injury is common in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether myelin injury is an early event in AD and the relationship between it and cognitive function is still elusive. METHODS Spatial memory of 5XFAD mice was determined by Morris water maze at 1 and 3 months old. Meanwhile, the deposition of Aβ, the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP), LINGO-1, NgR, and myelin ultrastructure in many memory-associated brain regions were detected in one-month-old and three-month-old mice (before and after LINGO-1 antibody administration) using immunostaining, Western blot (WB), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. RESULTS No abnormal Aβ deposition was found in one-month-old 5XFAD mice. However, spatial memory deficits were proved in accordance with an obvious demyelination in memory-associated brain regions in one-month-old mice and both deteriorated with age. Administration of LINGO-1 antibody could obviously restore the myelin impairments in CA1 and DG region and partially ameliorate spatial memory deficits. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that myelin injury was an early event in 5XFAD mice even prior to emergence of deposition of Aβ. Intervention with the LINGO-1 antibody could attenuate impaired spatial memory deficits by remyelination, which suggested that myelin injury was involved in spatial memory deficits and remyelination may be a potential therapeutic strategy in early stage of AD or mild cognitive impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Tang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Hua Gu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Yang Qi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Bai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Chen
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Pathophysiology Department, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Guo Ren
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tuulari JJ, Karlsson HK, Antikainen O, Hirvonen J, Pham T, Salminen P, Helmiö M, Parkkola R, Nuutila P, Nummenmaa L. Bariatric Surgery Induces White and Grey Matter Density Recovery in the Morbidly Obese: A Voxel-Based Morphometric Study. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 37:3745-3756. [PMID: 27400738 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with lowered brain's grey (GM) and white matter (WM) density as measured by voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Nevertheless, it remains unknown whether obesity has a causal influence on cerebral atrophy. We recruited 47 morbidly obese subjects (mean BMI = 42.2, SD = 4.0, 42 females and five males) eligible for bariatric surgery and 29 non-obese subjects (mean BMI = 23.2, SD = 2.8, 23 females and six males) served as controls. Baseline scans were acquired with T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5 Tesla; obese participants were scanned again six months after the surgery. Local GM and WM densities were quantified using VBM. Full-volume analyses were used for comparing baseline between-group differences as well as the effects of surgery-induced weight loss in the morbidly obese. Metabolic variables were used in linear models to predict WM and GM densities. Obese subjects had initially lower GM densities in widespread cortical areas including frontal, parietal, and temporal regions as well as insulae. Lower WM densities were observed throughout the WM. Bariatric surgery and concomitant weight loss resulted in global increase in WM density. Grey matter increase was limited to occipital and inferior temporal regions. Metabolic variables were associated with brain densities. We conclude that weight loss results in global recovery of WM as well as local recovery of grey matter densities. These changes likely reflect improved brain tissue integrity. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3745-3756, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Radiology, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tam Pham
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Paulina Salminen
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Helmiö
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland.,Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Myelination cell culture systems are useful tools for studying myelin biology and myelin-related disorders. Compared to a number of established protocols for dissociated pure oligodendrocyte (OL) culture, methods for myelination culture are limited. We recently developed a mixed neuron-glia coculture system that generates robust and efficient myelination. By optimizing cell culture conditions, dissociated neural progenitor cells from embryonic rat spinal cords develop into neurons and glial cells including profiles of oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage. Within 4 weeks, OL progenitor cells (OPC) proliferate, differentiate into mature OLs, and myelinate axons. The formation of compact myelin sheath is confirmed by electron microscopy. For morphological analysis by light microscopy, cells grown on glass coverslips are fixed and immunostained for various myelin-related proteins, including those embedded within the myelin sheath and those clustered at the node of Ranvier. Myelinated axons can be quantified readily by either manual counting or ImageJ software. The culture system may also be used for electron microscopic analysis by slightly modifying the cell culture procedure.
Collapse
|
19
|
Cerina M, Narayanan V, Göbel K, Bittner S, Ruck T, Meuth P, Herrmann AM, Stangel M, Gudi V, Skripuletz T, Daldrup T, Wiendl H, Seidenbecher T, Ehling P, Kleinschnitz C, Pape HC, Budde T, Meuth SG. The quality of cortical network function recovery depends on localization and degree of axonal demyelination. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 59:103-117. [PMID: 27569659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin loss is a severe pathological hallmark common to a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Demyelination in the central nervous system appears in the form of lesions affecting both white and gray matter structures. The functional consequences of demyelination on neuronal network and brain function are not well understood. Current therapeutic strategies for ameliorating the course of such diseases usually focus on promoting remyelination, but the effectiveness of these approaches strongly depends on the timing in relation to the disease state. In this study, we sought to characterize the time course of sensory and behavioral alterations induced by de- and remyelination to establish a rational for the use of remyelination strategies. By taking advantage of animal models of general and focal demyelination, we tested the consequences of myelin loss on the functionality of the auditory thalamocortical system: a well-studied neuronal network consisting of both white and gray matter regions. We found that general demyelination was associated with a permanent loss of the tonotopic cortical organization in vivo, and the inability to induce tone-frequency-dependent conditioned behaviors, a status persisting after remyelination. Targeted, focal lysolecithin-induced lesions in the white matter fiber tract, but not in the gray matter regions of cortex, were fully reversible at the morphological, functional and behavioral level. These findings indicate that remyelination of white and gray matter lesions have a different functional regeneration potential, with the white matter being able to regain full functionality while cortical gray matter lesions suffer from permanently altered network function. Therefore therapeutic interventions aiming for remyelination have to consider both region- and time-dependent strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cerina
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Venu Narayanan
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Göbel
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Patrick Meuth
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Martin Stangel
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School and Centre for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Viktoria Gudi
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Thiemo Daldrup
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Petra Ehling
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Budde
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dulamea AO. Role of Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction in Demyelination, Remyelination and Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 958:91-127. [PMID: 28093710 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47861-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS) during development and throughout adulthood. They result from a complex and well controlled process of activation, proliferation, migration and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) from the germinative niches of the CNS. In multiple sclerosis (MS), the complex pathological process produces dysfunction and apoptosis of OLs leading to demyelination and neurodegeneration. This review attempts to describe the patterns of demyelination in MS, the steps involved in oligodendrogenesis and myelination in healthy CNS, the different pathways leading to OLs and myelin loss in MS, as well as principles involved in restoration of myelin sheaths. Environmental factors and their impact on OLs and pathological mechanisms of MS are also discussed. Finally, we will present evidence about the potential therapeutic targets in re-myelination processes that can be accessed in order to develop regenerative therapies for MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Octaviana Dulamea
- Neurology Clinic, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Fundeni Clinical Institute, Building A, Neurology Clinic, Room 201, 022328, Bucharest, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chamberlain KA, Nanescu SE, Psachoulia K, Huang JK. Oligodendrocyte regeneration: Its significance in myelin replacement and neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis. Neuropharmacology 2016; 110:633-643. [PMID: 26474658 PMCID: PMC4841742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes readily regenerate and replace myelin membranes around axons in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) following injury. The ability to regenerate oligodendrocytes depends on the availability of neural progenitors called oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in the adult CNS that respond to injury-associated signals to induce OPC expansion followed by oligodendrocyte differentiation, axonal contact and myelin regeneration (remyelination). Remyelination ensures the maintenance of axonal conduction, and the oligodendrocytes themselves provide metabolic factors that are necessary to maintain neuronal integrity. Recent advances in oligodendrocyte regeneration research are beginning to shed light on critical intrinsic signals, as well as extrinsic, environmental factors that regulate the distinct steps of oligodendrocyte lineage progression and myelin replacement under CNS injury. These studies may offer novel pharmacological targets for regenerative medicine in inflammatory demyelinating disorders in the CNS such as multiple sclerosis. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Oligodendrocytes in Health and Disease'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Chamberlain
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Sonia E Nanescu
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | | | - Jeffrey K Huang
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Delpech JC, Wei L, Hao J, Yu X, Madore C, Butovsky O, Kaffman A. Early life stress perturbs the maturation of microglia in the developing hippocampus. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 57:79-93. [PMID: 27301858 PMCID: PMC5010940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Children exposed to abuse or neglect show abnormal hippocampal development and similar findings have been reported in rodent models. Using brief daily separation (BDS), a mouse model of early life stress, we previously showed that exposure to BDS impairs hippocampal function in adulthood and perturbs synaptic maturation, synaptic pruning, axonal growth and myelination in the developing hippocampus. Given that microglia are involved in these developmental processes, we tested whether BDS impairs microglial activity in the hippocampus of 14 (during BDS) and 28-day old mice (one week after BDS). We found that BDS increased the density and altered the morphology of microglia in the hippocampus of 14-day old pups, effects that were no longer present on postnatal day (PND) 28. Despite the normal cell number and morphology seen at PND28, the molecular signature of hippocampal microglia, assessed using the NanoString immune panel, was altered at both ages. We showed that during normal hippocampal development, microglia undergo significant changes between PND14 and PND28, including reduced cell density, decreased ex vivo phagocytic activity, and an increase in the expression of genes involved in inflammation and cell migration. However, microglia harvested from the hippocampus of 28-day old BDS mice showed an increase in phagocytic activity and reduced expression of genes that normally increase across development. Promoter analysis indicated that alteration in the transcriptional activity of PU.1, Creb1, Sp1, and RelA accounted for most of the transcriptional changes seen during normal microglia development and for most of the BDS-induced changes at PND14 and PND28. These findings are the first to demonstrate that early life stress dysregulates microglial function in the developing hippocampus and to identify key transcription factors that are likely to mediate these changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Delpech
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Lan Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jin Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- W.M. Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Charlotte Madore
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Arie Kaffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Klein R, Mahlberg N, Ohren M, Ladwig A, Neumaier B, Graf R, Hoehn M, Albrechtsen M, Rees S, Fink GR, Rueger MA, Schroeter M. The Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule-Derived (NCAM)-Peptide FG Loop (FGL) Mobilizes Endogenous Neural Stem Cells and Promotes Endogenous Regenerative Capacity after Stroke. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2016; 11:708-720. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
24
|
Saini V, Lutz D, Kataria H, Kaur G, Schachner M, Loers G. The polysialic acid mimetics 5-nonyloxytryptamine and vinorelbine facilitate nervous system repair. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26927. [PMID: 27324620 PMCID: PMC4914991 DOI: 10.1038/srep26927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysialic acid (PSA) is a large negatively charged glycan mainly attached to the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). Several studies have shown that it is important for correct formation of brain circuitries during development and for synaptic plasticity, learning and memory in the adult. PSA also plays a major role in nervous system regeneration following injury. As a next step for clinical translation of PSA based therapeutics, we have previously identified the small organic compounds 5-nonyloxytryptamine and vinorelbine as PSA mimetics. Activity of 5-nonyloxytryptamine and vinorelbine had been confirmed in assays with neural cells from the central and peripheral nervous system in vitro and shown to be independent of their function as serotonin receptor 5-HT1B/1D agonist or cytostatic drug, respectively. As we show here in an in vivo paradigm for spinal cord injury in mice, 5-nonyloxytryptamine and vinorelbine enhance regain of motor functions, axonal regrowth, motor neuron survival and remyelination. These data indicate that 5-nonyloxytryptamine and vinorelbine may be re-tasked from their current usage as a 5-HT1B/1D agonist or cytostatic drug to act as mimetics for PSA to stimulate regeneration after injury in the mammalian nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vedangana Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, GT Road, 143005 Amritsar, India
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Lutz
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hardeep Kataria
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gurcharan Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, GT Road, 143005 Amritsar, India
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neurosciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Khalaj AJ, Hasselmann J, Augello C, Moore S, Tiwari-Woodruff SK. Nudging oligodendrocyte intrinsic signaling to remyelinate and repair: Estrogen receptor ligand effects. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 160:43-52. [PMID: 26776441 PMCID: PMC5233753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) leads to significant, progressive axonal and neuronal degeneration. Currently existing immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies alleviate MS symptoms and slow, but fail to prevent or reverse, disease progression. Restoration of damaged myelin sheath by replenishment of mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) should not only restore saltatory axon conduction, but also provide a major boost to axon survival. Our previous work has shown that therapeutic treatment with the modestly selective generic estrogen receptor (ER) β agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN) confers functional neuroprotection in a chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS by stimulating endogenous remyelination. Recently, we found that the more potent, selective ERβ agonist indazole-chloride (Ind-Cl) improves clinical disease and motor performance. Importantly, electrophysiological measures revealed improved corpus callosal conduction and reduced axon refractoriness. This Ind-Cl treatment-induced functional remyelination was attributable to increased OL progenitor cell (OPC) and mature OL numbers. At the intracellular signaling level, transition of early to late OPCs requires ERK1/2 signaling, and transition of immature to mature OLs requires mTOR signaling; thus, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway plays a major role in the late stages of OL differentiation and myelination. Indeed, therapeutic treatment of EAE mice with various ERβ agonists results in increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated (p) Akt and p-mTOR levels. It is notable that while DPN's neuroprotective effects occur in the presence of peripheral and central inflammation, Ind-Cl is directly neuroprotective, as demonstrated by remyelination effects in the cuprizone-induced demyelination model, as well as immunomodulatory. Elucidating the mechanisms by which ER agonists and other directly remyelinating agents modulate endogenous OPC and OL regulatory signaling is critical to the development of effective remyelinating drugs. The discovery of signaling targets to induce functional remyelination will valuably contribute to the treatment of demyelinating neurological diseases, including MS, stroke, and traumatic brain and spinal cord injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Khalaj
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine at the University of California, Riverside, United States
| | - Jonathan Hasselmann
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine at the University of California, Riverside, United States
| | - Catherine Augello
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine at the University of California, Riverside, United States
| | - Spencer Moore
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine at the University of California, Riverside, United States
| | - Seema K Tiwari-Woodruff
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine at the University of California, Riverside, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Aharoni R. Remyelination in multiple sclerosis: realizing a long-standing challenge. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 15:1369-72. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
27
|
Salinas Tejedor L, Berner G, Jacobsen K, Gudi V, Jungwirth N, Hansmann F, Gingele S, Prajeeth CK, Baumgärtner W, Hoffmann A, Skripuletz T, Stangel M. Mesenchymal stem cells do not exert direct beneficial effects on CNS remyelination in the absence of the peripheral immune system. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 50:155-165. [PMID: 26140734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Remyelination is the natural repair mechanism in demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and it was proposed that it might protect from axonal loss. For unknown reasons, remyelination is often incomplete or fails in MS lesions and therapeutic treatments to enhance remyelination are not available. Recently, the transplantation of exogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) has emerged as a promising tool to enhance repair processes. This included the animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a commonly used model for the autoimmune mechanisms of MS. However, in EAE it is not clear if the beneficial effect of MSC derives from a direct influence on brain resident cells or if this is an indirect phenomenon via modulation of the peripheral immune system. The aim of this study was to determine potential regenerative functions of MSC in the toxic cuprizone model of demyelination that allows studying direct effects on de- and remyelination without the influence of the peripheral immune system. MSC from three different species (human, murine, canine) were transplanted either intraventricularly into the cerebrospinal fluid or directly into the lesion of the corpus callosum at two time points: at the onset of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) proliferation or the peak of OPC proliferation during cuprizone induced demyelination. Our results show that MSC did not exert any regenerative effects after cuprizone induced demyelination and oligodendrocyte loss. During remyelination, MSC did not influence the dynamics of OPC proliferation and myelin formation. In conclusion, MSC did not exert direct regenerative functions in a mouse model where peripheral immune cells and especially T lymphocytes do not play a role. We thus suggest that the peripheral immune system is required for MSC to exert their effects and this is independent from a direct influence of the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Salinas Tejedor
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gabriel Berner
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Kristin Jacobsen
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Viktoria Gudi
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Jungwirth
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany; Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Hansmann
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany; Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Gingele
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Chittappen K Prajeeth
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany; Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Hoffmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Skripuletz
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Martin Stangel
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|