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Chen F, Cao LH, Ma FY, Zeng LL, He JR. Development and validation of a predictive model for severe white matter hyperintensity with obesity. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1404756. [PMID: 38887608 PMCID: PMC11180876 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1404756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the present study was to identify predictors of severe white matter hyperintensity (WMH) with obesity (SWO), and to build a prediction model for screening obese people with severe WMH without Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examination. Patients subjects and methods From September 2020 to October 2021, 650 patients with WMH were recruited consecutively. The subjects were divided into two groups, SWO group and non-SWO group. Univariate and Logistic regression analysis were was applied to explore the potential predictors of SWO. The Youden index method was adopted to determine the best cut-off value in the establishment of the prediction model of SWO. Each parameter had two options, low and high. The score table of the prediction model and nomogram based on the logistic regression were constructed. Of the 650 subjects, 487 subjects (75%) were randomly assigned to the training group and 163 subjects (25%) to the validation group. By resampling the area under the curve (AUC) of the subject's operating characteristics and calibration curves 1,000 times, nomogram performance was verified. A decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the nomogram's clinical usefulness. By resampling the area under the curve (AUC) of the subject's operating characteristics and calibration curves 1,000 times, nomogram performance was verified. A decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the nomogram's clinical usefulness. Results Logistic regression demonstrated that hypertension, uric acid (UA), complement 3 (C3) and Interleukin 8 (IL-8) were independent risk factors for SWO. Hypertension, UA, C3, IL-8, folic acid (FA), fasting C-peptide (FCP) and eosinophil could be used to predict the occurrence of SWO in the prediction models, with a good diagnostic performance, Areas Under Curves (AUC) of Total score was 0.823 (95% CI: 0.760-0.885, p < 0.001), sensitivity of 60.0%, specificity of 91.4%. In the development group, the nomogram's AUC (C statistic) was 0.829 (95% CI: 0.760-0.899), while in the validation group, it was 0.835 (95% CI: 0.696, 0.975). In both the development and validation groups, the calibration curves following 1,000 bootstraps showed a satisfactory fit between the observed and predicted probabilities. DCA showed that the nomogram had great clinical utility. Conclusion Hypertension, UA, C3, IL-8, FA, FCP and eosinophil models had the potential to predict the incidence of SWO. When the total score of the model exceeded 9 points, the risk of SWO would increase significantly, and the nomogram enabled visualization of the patient's WMH risk. The application prospect of our models mainly lied in the convenient screening of SWO without MRI examination in order to detect SWO and control the WMH hazards early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Medicine, Yinhang Community Health Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Hao Cao
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei-Yue Ma
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Li Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Rong He
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hidalgo-Lanussa O, González Santos J, Barreto GE. Sex-specific vulnerabilities in human astrocytes underpin the differential impact of palmitic acid. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 195:106489. [PMID: 38552721 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and neurometabolic diseases have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Our hypothesis is that the endogenous estrogenic component of human astrocytes plays a critical role in cell response during lipotoxic damage, given that obesity can disrupt hormonal homeostasis and cause brain inflammation. Our findings showed that high concentrations of palmitic acid (PA) significantly reduced cell viability more in male astrocytes, indicating sex-specific vulnerabilities. PA induced a greater increase in cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in males, while female astrocytes exhibited higher superoxide ion levels in mitochondria. In addition, female astrocytes treated with PA showed increased expression of antioxidant proteins, including catalase, Gpx-1 and Nrf2 suggesting a stronger cellular defence mechanism. Interestingly, there was a difference in the expression of estrogenic components, such as estrogen, androgens, and progesterone receptors, as well as aromatase and 5α-reductase enzymes, between males and females. PA induced their expression mainly in females, indicating a potential protective mechanism mediated by endogenous hormones. In summary, our findings highlight the impact of sex on the response of human astrocytes to lipotoxicity. Male astrocytes appear to be more susceptible to cellular damage when exposed to high concentrations of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Hidalgo-Lanussa
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Janneth González Santos
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Li Y, Xue W, Li S, Cui L, Gao Y, Li L, Chen R, Zhang X, Xu R, Jiang W, Zhang X, Wang L. Salidroside promotes angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia in mice through Shh signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116625. [PMID: 38643543 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to explore the impacts of salidroside on vascular regeneration, vascular structural changes and long-term neurological recuperation following cerebral ischemia and its possible mechanism. MAIN METHODS From Day 1 to Day 28, young male mice with middle cerebral artery blockage received daily doses of salidroside and measured neurological deficits. On the 7th day after stroke, the volume of cerebral infarction was determined using TTC and HE staining. Microvascular density, astrocyte coverage, angiogenesis and the expression of the Shh signaling pathway were detected by IF, qRTPCR and WB at 7, 14 and 28 days after stroke. Changes in blood flow, blood vessel density and diameter from stroke to 28 days were measured by the LSCI and TPMI. KEY FINDINGS Compared with the dMACO group, the salidroside treatment group significantly promoted the recovery of neurological function. Salidroside was found to enhance cerebral blood flow perfusion and reduce the infarct on the 7th day after stroke. From the 7th to the 28th day after stroke, salidroside treatment boosted the expression of CD31, CD31+/BrdU+, and GFAP in the cortex around the infarction site. On the 14th day after stroke, salidroside significantly enhanced the width and density of blood vessels. Salidroside increased the expression of histones and genes in the Shh signaling pathway during treatment, and this effect was weakened by the Shh inhibitor Cyclopamine. SIGNIFICANCE Salidroside can restore nerve function, improve cerebral blood flow, reduce cerebral infarction volume, increase microvessel density and promote angiogenesis via the Shh signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio, Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Xue
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Songyi Li
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio, Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Cui
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio, Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiao Gao
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio, Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio, Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Chen
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio, Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Renhao Xu
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio, Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio, Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio, Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio, Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China.
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Labandeira-Garcia JL, Labandeira CM, Guerra MJ, Rodriguez-Perez AI. The role of the brain renin-angiotensin system in Parkinson´s disease. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:22. [PMID: 38622720 PMCID: PMC11017622 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was classically considered a circulating hormonal system that regulates blood pressure. However, different tissues and organs, including the brain, have a local paracrine RAS. Mutual regulation between the dopaminergic system and RAS has been observed in several tissues. Dysregulation of these interactions leads to renal and cardiovascular diseases, as well as progression of dopaminergic neuron degeneration in a major brain center of dopamine/angiotensin interaction such as the nigrostriatal system. A decrease in the dopaminergic function induces upregulation of the angiotensin type-1 (AT1) receptor activity, leading to recovery of dopamine levels. However, AT1 receptor overactivity in dopaminergic neurons and microglial cells upregulates the cellular NADPH-oxidase-superoxide axis and Ca2+ release, which mediate several key events in oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and α-synuclein aggregation, involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. An intraneuronal antioxidative/anti-inflammatory RAS counteracts the effects of the pro-oxidative AT1 receptor overactivity. Consistent with this, an imbalance in RAS activity towards the pro-oxidative/pro-inflammatory AT1 receptor axis has been observed in the substantia nigra and striatum of several animal models of high vulnerability to dopaminergic degeneration. Interestingly, autoantibodies against angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and AT1 receptors are increased in PD models and PD patients and contribute to blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysregulation and nigrostriatal pro-inflammatory RAS upregulation. Therapeutic strategies addressed to the modulation of brain RAS, by AT1 receptor blockers (ARBs) and/or activation of the antioxidative axis (AT2, Mas receptors), may be neuroprotective for individuals with a high risk of developing PD or in prodromal stages of PD to reduce progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Labandeira-Garcia
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson´S Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
- Networking Research Center On Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Maria J Guerra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson´S Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
- Networking Research Center On Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Rodriguez-Perez
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson´S Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain.
- Networking Research Center On Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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Wu LY, Chai YL, Cheah IK, Chia RSL, Hilal S, Arumugam TV, Chen CP, Lai MKP. Blood-based biomarkers of cerebral small vessel disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102247. [PMID: 38417710 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Age-associated cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) represents a clinically heterogenous condition, arising from diverse microvascular mechanisms. These lead to chronic cerebrovascular dysfunction and carry a substantial risk of subsequent stroke and vascular cognitive impairment in aging populations. Owing to advances in neuroimaging, in vivo visualization of cerebral vasculature abnormities and detection of CSVD, including lacunes, microinfarcts, microbleeds and white matter lesions, is now possible, but remains a resource-, skills- and time-intensive approach. As a result, there has been a recent proliferation of blood-based biomarker studies for CSVD aimed at developing accessible screening tools for early detection and risk stratification. However, a good understanding of the pathophysiological processes underpinning CSVD is needed to identify and assess clinically useful biomarkers. Here, we provide an overview of processes associated with CSVD pathogenesis, including endothelial injury and dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, perivascular neuronal damage as well as cardiovascular dysfunction. Then, we review clinical studies of the key biomolecules involved in the aforementioned processes. Lastly, we outline future trends and directions for CSVD biomarker discovery and clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Yun Wu
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuek Ling Chai
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Irwin K Cheah
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachel S L Chia
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saima Hilal
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Oh TK, Song IA. Impact of prescribed opioid use on development of dementia among patients with chronic non-cancer pain. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3313. [PMID: 38331973 PMCID: PMC10853162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53728-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to examine the association between opioid use and the development of dementia in patients with chronic non-cancer pain in South Korea. Data were extracted from the National Health Insurance Service database in South Korea. Adult patients diagnosed with musculoskeletal diseases with chronic non-cancer pain between 2010 and 2015 were included in the analysis. Patients who were prescribed opioids regularly and continuously for ≥ 90 days were classified as opioid users. In total, 1,261,682 patients with chronic non-cancer pain were included in the final analysis, of whom 21,800 (1.7%) were opioid users. From January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020, 35,239 (2.8%) patients with chronic non-cancer pain were newly diagnosed with dementia. In the multivariable model, opioid users showed a 15% higher risk of developing dementia than the control group. Additionally, opioid users showed a 15% and 16% higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and unspecified dementia, respectively, than the control group, but did not show any significant differences for vascular dementia. Among adult patients with chronic non-cancer pain, opioid users were at a higher risk of developing dementia than the control group; the risk was significantly higher for Alzheimer's disease but not for vascular dementia in this study. Our results suggest that in patients with CNCP, public health strategies should target opioid users for early dementia detection and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak Kyu Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gumi-ro, 173, Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, South Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Ae Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gumi-ro, 173, Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, South Korea.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Evans E, Ellis C. Looking Upstream to Understand Race/Ethnicity as a Moderator for Poststroke Neuroinflammation and a Social Determinant for Poststroke Aphasia Outcomes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2024; 33:74-86. [PMID: 38085794 PMCID: PMC11000804 DOI: 10.1044/2023_ajslp-23-00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past decade, the stroke literature has begun to acknowledge and explore explanations for longstanding racial/ethnic differences in stroke outcomes. Poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and poststroke aphasia are two such negative poststroke outcomes where racial/ethnic differences exist. Physiological differences, such as stroke type and lesion size, have been used to partially explain the variation in PSCI and aphasia. However, there is some evidence, although limited, that suggests neuroinflammatory processes as part of allostatic load may be a key contributor to the observed disparities. METHOD In this tutorial, we explore the influence of race differences in inflammation on poststroke cognitive outcomes. We suggest lifetime stress and other external determinants of health such as neighborhood environment and discriminatory practices through "weathering" explain differences in inflammation. While using an allostatic load framework, we explore the literature focusing specifically on the role of neuroinflammation on poststroke outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Examination of the immune response poststroke provides a foundation for understanding the mechanisms of PSCI and poststroke aphasia and the potential contributions of neuroinflammatory processes on poststroke cognitive outcomes. Furthermore, understanding of racial differences in those processes may contribute to a better understanding of racial disparities in general stroke outcomes as well as poststroke aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Evans
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Charles Ellis
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville
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Anchesi I, Schepici G, Mazzon E. LncRNAs and CircRNAs as Strategies against Pathological Conditions Caused by a Hypoxic/Anoxic State. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1622. [PMID: 38002304 PMCID: PMC10669691 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain damage can be induced by oxygen deprivation. It is known that hypoxic or anoxic conditions can lead to changes in the expression levels of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which, in turn, can be related to Central Nervous System (CNS) injuries. Therefore, it could be useful to investigate the involvement of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), as well as the underlying mechanisms which are able to modulate them in brain damage induced by hypoxic or anoxic conditions. In this review, we focused on recent research that associates these conditions with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). The results of this review demonstrate that the expression of both lncRNAs and circRNAs can be influenced by oxygen deprivation conditions and so they can contribute to inducing damage or providing neuroprotection by affecting specific molecular pathways. Furthermore, several experimental studies have shown that ncRNA activity can be regulated by compounds, thus also modifying their transcriptomic profile and their effects on CNS damages induced by hypoxic/anoxic events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Strada Statale 113, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
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AT1 receptor autoantibodies mediate effects of metabolic syndrome on dopaminergic vulnerability. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 108:255-268. [PMID: 36535607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome has been associated to chronic peripheral inflammation and related with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, including Parkinson's disease. However, the responsible mechanisms are unclear. Previous studies have involved the brain renin-angiotensin system in progression of Parkinson's disease and the angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1) has been recently revealed as a major marker of dopaminergic vulnerability in humans. Dysregulation of tissue renin-angiotensin system is a key common mechanism for all major components of metabolic syndrome. Circulating AT1 agonistic autoantibodies have been observed in several inflammation-related peripheral processes, and activation of AT1 receptors of endothelial cells, dopaminergic neurons and glial cells have been observed to disrupt endothelial blood -brain barrier and induce neurodegeneration, respectively. Using a rat model, we observed that metabolic syndrome induces overactivity of nigral pro-inflammatory renin-angiotensin system axis, leading to increase in oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and enhancing dopaminergic neurodegeneration, which was inhibited by treatment with AT1 receptor blockers (ARBs). In rats, metabolic syndrome induced the increase in circulating levels of LIGHT and other major pro-inflammatory cytokines, and 27-hydroxycholesterol. Furthermore, the rats showed a significant increase in serum levels of proinflammatory AT1 and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) autoantibodies, which correlated with levels of several metabolic syndrome parameters. We also found AT1 and ACE2 autoantibodies in the CSF of these rats. Effects of circulating autoantibodies were confirmed by chronic infusion of AT1 autoantibodies, which induced blood-brain barrier disruption, an increase in the pro-inflammatory renin-angiotensin system activity in the substantia nigra and a significant enhancement in dopaminergic neuron death in two different rat models of Parkinson's disease. Observations in the rat models, were analyzed in a cohort of parkinsonian and non-parkinsonian patients with or without metabolic syndrome. Non-parkinsonian patients with metabolic syndrome showed significantly higher levels of AT1 autoantibodies than non-parkinsonian patients without metabolic syndrome. However, there was no significant difference between parkinsonian patients with metabolic syndrome or without metabolic syndrome, which showed higher levels of AT1 autoantibodies than non-parkinsonian controls. This is consistent with our recent studies, showing significant increase of AT1 and ACE2 autoantibodies in parkinsonian patients, which was related to dopaminergic degeneration and neuroinflammation. Altogether may lead to a vicious circle enhancing the progression of the disease that may be inhibited by strategies against production of these autoantibodies or AT1 receptor blockers (ARBs).
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Bhatt S, Devadoss T, Jha NK, Baidya M, Gupta G, Chellappan DK, Singh SK, Dua K. Targeting inflammation: a potential approach for the treatment of depression. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:45-59. [PMID: 36239867 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) or Depression is one of the serious neuropsychiatric disorders affecting over 280 million people worldwide. It is 4th important cause of disability, poor quality of life, and economic burden. Women are more affected with the depression as compared to men and severe depression can lead to suicide. Most of the antidepressants predominantly work through the modulation on the availability of monoaminergic neurotransmitter (NTs) levels in the synapse. Current antidepressants have limited efficacy and tolerability. Moreover, treatment resistant depression (TRD) is one of the main causes for failure of standard marketed antidepressants. Recently, inflammation has also emerged as a crucial factor in pathological progression of depression. Proinflammatory cytokine levels are increased in depressive patients. Antidepressant treatment may attenuate depression via modulation of pathways of inflammation, transformation in structure of brain, and synaptic plasticity. Hence, targeting inflammation may be emerged as an effective approach for the treatment of depression. The present review article will focus on the preclinical and clinical studies that targets inflammation. In addition, it also concentrates on the therapeutic approaches' that targets depression via influence on the inflammatory signaling pathways. Graphical abstract demonstrate the role of various factors in the progression and neuroinflammation, oxidative stress. It also exhibits the association of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shvetank Bhatt
- School of Pharmacy, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Maharashtra, 411038, Pune, India.
| | - Thangaraj Devadoss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Mumbai Agra Highway, Maharashtra, 424001, Dhule, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, 201310, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Moushumi Baidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, JIS University, 700109, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Bharat Pharmaceutical Technology, 799130, Agartala, West Tripura, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, 248007, Dehradun, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, 2007, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, 2007, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 2007, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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11
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Luo H, Guo H, Zhou Y, Fang R, Zhang W, Mei Z. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Friend and Foe. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2079-2096. [PMID: 36892020 PMCID: PMC10556361 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230308090351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic injury, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, triggers various central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and chronic ischemia-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, targeted therapies are urgently needed to address neurological disorders caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI), and the emergence of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may be able to relieve the pressure. Neutrophils are precursors to brain injury following ischemic stroke and exert complicated functions. NETs extracellularly release reticular complexes of neutrophils, i.e., double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), histones, and granulins. Paradoxically, NETs play a dual role, friend and foe, under different conditions, for example, physiological circumstances, infection, neurodegeneration, and ischemia/reperfusion. Increasing evidence indicates that NETs exert anti-inflammatory effects by degrading cytokines and chemokines through protease at a relatively stable and moderate level under physiological conditions, while excessive amounts of NETs release (NETosis) irritated by CI/RI exacerbate the inflammatory response and aggravate thrombosis, disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and initiates sequential neuron injury and tissue damage. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the machinery of NETs formation and the role of an abnormal cascade of NETs in CI/RI, as well as other ischemia-induced neurological diseases. Herein, we highlight the potential of NETs as a therapeutic target against ischemic stroke that may inspire translational research and innovative clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Luo
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Hanjing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Rui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
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12
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Are infections associated with cognitive decline and neuroimaging outcomes? A historical cohort study using data from the UK Biobank study linked to electronic health records. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:385. [PMID: 36109502 PMCID: PMC9478085 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While there is growing evidence of associations between infections and dementia risk, associations with cognitive impairment and potential structural correlates of cognitive decline remain underexplored. Here we aimed to investigate the presence and nature of any associations between common infections, cognitive decline and neuroimaging parameters. The UK Biobank is a large volunteer cohort (over 500,000 participants recruited aged 40-69) with linkage to primary and secondary care records. Using linear mixed effects models, we compared participants with and without a history of infections for changes in cognitive function during follow-up. Linear regression models were used to investigate the association of infections with hippocampal and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume. 16,728 participants (median age 56.0 years [IQR 50.0-61.0]; 51.3% women) had baseline and follow-up cognitive measures. We found no evidence of an association between the presence of infection diagnoses and cognitive decline for mean correct response time (slope difference [infections versus no infections] = 0.40 ms, 95% CI: -0.17-0.96 per year), visual memory (slope difference 0.0004 log errors per year, 95% CI: -0.003-0.004, fluid intelligence (slope difference 0.007, 95% CI: -0.010-0.023) and prospective memory (OR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.68-1.14). No evidence of an association was found between infection site, setting or frequency and cognitive decline except for small associations on the visual memory test. We found no association between infections and hippocampal or WMH volume. Limitations of our study include selection bias, potential practice effects and the relatively young age of our cohort. Our findings do not support a major role for common midlife infections in contributing to cognitive decline for this cohort. Further research is warranted in individuals with more severe infections, for infections occurring later in life.
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Han X, Cheng X, Xu J, Liu Y, Zhou J, Jiang L, Gu X, Xia T. Activation of TREM2 attenuates neuroinflammation via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to improve postoperative cognitive dysfunction in mice. Neuropharmacology 2022; 219:109231. [PMID: 36041498 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common postoperative complication involving the central nervous system, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Neuroinflammation secondary to surgery and anesthesia is strongly correlated with POCD. A key aspect of neuroinflammation is microglia activation. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)2, which is highly expressed in microglia, is an innate immune receptor that modulates microglia function. In this study we investigated the role of TREM2 in cognitive impairment and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation using a mouse model of POCD and in vitro systems. We found that hippocampus-dependent learning and memory were impaired in POCD mice, which was accompanied by activation of microglia and downregulation of TREM2. Pretreatment with the TREM2 agonist heat shock protein (HSP)60 inhibited surgery-induced microglia activation and alleviated postoperative cognitive impairment. In BV2 microglial cells, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 significantly reversed the attenuation of TREM2 activation on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation and abrogated the protective effect of activated TREM2 against LPS-induced neuronal injury in a microglia/neuron coculture system. Accordingly, the beneficial effects of TREM2 activation on cognitive function were reversed by preoperative administration of LY294002 in the POCD mouse model. These results demonstrate that TREM2 is involved in the regulation of the inflammatory response mediated by microglia and cognitive impairment following surgery. Activation of TREM2 can attenuate neuroinflammation by modulating PI3K/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling, thereby alleviating postoperative learning and memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolei Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jiyan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawen Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linhao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Tianjiao Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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14
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Ma WY, Wang SS, Wu QL, Zhou X, Chu SF, Chen NH. The versatile role of TREM2 in regulating of microglia fate in the ischemic stroke. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108733. [PMID: 35525233 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the earliest activated and the longest lasting immune cells after stroke, and they participate in almost all the pathological reactions after stroke. However, their regulatory mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) is a cell surface receptor that is mainly expressed in microglia of the central nervous system. The receptor plays an important role in regulating microglia energy metabolism and phenotypic transformation. At present, TREM2 has been developed as a potential target for AD, coronary atherosclerosis and other diseases. However, TREM2 does not provide a systematic summary of the functional transformation and intrinsic molecular mechanisms of microglia after stroke. In this paper, we have summarized the functional changes of TREM2 in microglia after stroke in recent years, and found that TREM2 has important effects on energy metabolism, phagocytosis and anti-inflammatory function of microglia after stroke, suggesting that TREM2 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Ma
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Qing-Lin Wu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medical & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shi-Feng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medical & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medical & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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15
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Belardo C, Alessio N, Pagano M, De Dominicis E, Infantino R, Perrone M, Iannotta M, Galderisi U, Rinaldi B, Scuteri D, Bagetta G, Palazzo E, Maione S, Luongo L. PEA-OXA ameliorates allodynia, neuropsychiatric and adipose tissue remodeling induced by social isolation. Neuropharmacology 2022; 208:108978. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.108978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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16
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Nogueira AB, Hoshino HSR, Ortega NC, Dos Santos BGS, Teixeira MJ. Adult human neurogenesis: early studies clarify recent controversies and go further. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:153-172. [PMID: 34739659 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Evidence on adult mammalian neurogenesis and scarce studies with human brains led to the idea that adult human neurogenesis occurs in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus and in the subventricular zone (SVZ). However, findings published from 2018 rekindled controversies on adult human SGZ neurogenesis. We systematically reviewed studies published during the first decade of characterization of adult human neurogenesis (1994-2004) - when the two-neurogenic-niche concept in humans was consolidated - and compared with further studies. The synthesis of both periods is that adult human neurogenesis occurs in an intensity ranging from practically zero to a level comparable to adult mammalian neurogenesis in general, which is the prevailing conclusion. Nonetheless, Bernier and colleagues showed in 2000 intriguing indications of adult human neurogenesis in a broad area including the limbic system. Likewise, we later showed evidence that limbic and hypothalamic structures surrounding the circumventricular organs form a continuous zone expressing neurogenesis markers encompassing the SGZ and SVZ. The conclusion is that publications from 2018 on adult human neurogenesis did not bring novel findings on location of neurogenic niches. Rather, we expect that the search of neurogenesis beyond the canonical adult mammalian neurogenic niches will confirm our indications that adult human neurogenesis is orchestrated in a broad brain area. We predict that this approach may, for example, clarify that human hippocampal neurogenesis occurs mostly in the CA1-subiculum zone and that the previously identified human rostral migratory stream arising from the SVZ is indeed the column of the fornix expressing neurogenesis markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Barreto Nogueira
- Division of Neurosurgery (LIM 62), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Neurosurgery Service, Hospital Regional do Vale do Paraíba, Taubaté, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira
- Division of Neurosurgery (LIM 62), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Santana-Gomez CE, Medel-Matus JS, Rundle BK. Animal models of post-traumatic epilepsy and their neurobehavioral comorbidities. Seizure 2021; 90:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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18
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Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells causes long-term alleviation of schizophrenia-like behaviour coupled with increased neurogenesis. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4448-4463. [PMID: 31827249 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disease with a mixed genetic and environmental aetiology. Impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis was suggested both as a pathophysiological mechanism and as a target for therapy. In the present study, we utilized intracerebroventricular transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) as a means to enhance hippocampal neurogenesis in the ketamine-induced neurodevelopmental murine model for schizophrenia. Syngeneic MSC have successfully engrafted and survived for up to 3 months following transplantation. Improvement in social novelty preference and prepulse inhibition was noted after transplantation. In parallel to behavioural improvement, increased hippocampal neurogenesis as reflected in the numbers of doublecortin expressing neurons in the dentate gyrus and gene expression was noted both 2 weeks following transplantation as well as 3 months later compared with nontreated animals. An independent aging effect was observed for both behaviour and neurogenesis, which was attenuated by MSC treatment. As opposed to MSC treatment, short-term treatment with clozapine was efficient only during treatment and diminished 3 months later. Interestingly, while shortly after transplantation (2 weeks) behavioural improvement was correlated mainly to FGF2 gene expression, 3 months later it was mainly correlated to the expression of the notch ligand DLL1. This suggests that long-term effect during ageing may depend on neural stem cell self-renewal. We conclude that a single intracerebroventricular injection of bone marrow-derived MSC can suffice for long-term reversal of changes in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and improve schizophrenia-like behavioural phenotype inflicted by developmental exposure to ketamine in mice.
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19
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Durán-Laforet V, Peña-Martínez C, García-Culebras A, Alzamora L, Moro MA, Lizasoain I. Pathophysiological and pharmacological relevance of TLR4 in peripheral immune cells after stroke. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 228:107933. [PMID: 34174279 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a very common disease being the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The immune response subsequent to an ischemic stroke is a crucial factor in its physiopathology and outcome. This response is not limited to the injury site. In fact, the immune response to the ischemic process mobilizes mainly circulating cells which upon activation will be recruited to the injury site. When a stroke occurs, molecules that are usually retained inside the cell bodies are released into the extracellular space by uncontrolled cell death. These molecules can bind to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in circulating immune cells which are then activated, eliciting, although not exclusively, the inflammatory response to the stroke. In this review, we present an up-to-date summary of the role of the different peripheral immune cells in stroke as well as the role of TLR4 in the function of each cell type in ischemia. Also, we summarize the different antagonists developed against TLR4 and their potential as a pharmacological tool for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Durán-Laforet
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
| | - C Peña-Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - A García-Culebras
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - L Alzamora
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Moro
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - I Lizasoain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Korostynski M, Hoinkis D, Piechota M, Golda S, Pera J, Slowik A, Dziedzic T. Toll-like receptor 4-mediated cytokine synthesis and post-stroke depressive symptoms. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:246. [PMID: 33903586 PMCID: PMC8076201 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered cytokine synthesis thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of post-stroke depression (PSD). Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a master regulator of innate immunity. The aim of this study was to explore the putative association between TLR4-mediated cytokine synthesis and subsequent symptoms of PSD. In total, 262 patients with ischemic stroke and without a history of PSD were included. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in 170 patients on Day 8 and in 146 at 3 months after stroke. Blood samples taken on Day 3 after stroke were stimulated ex vivo with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Ex vivo synthesized cytokines (TNFα, IP-10, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12p70) and circulating cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, sIL-6R, and IL-1ra) were measured using the enzyme-linked immunoassay or cytometric method. RNA sequencing was used to determine the gene expression profile of LPS-induced cytokines and chemokines. LPS-induced cytokine synthesis and the gene expression of TLR4-dependent cytokines and chemokines did not differ between patients with and without greater depressive symptoms. The plasma level of IL-6, but not TNFα, sIL-6R, and IL-1ra, was higher in patients who developed depressive symptoms at 3 months after stroke (median: 4.7 vs 3.4 pg/mL, P = 0.06). Plasma IL-6 predicted the severity of depressive symptoms at 3 months after stroke (β = 0.42, P = 0.03). In conclusion, TLR4-dependent cytokine synthesis was not associated with greater post-stroke depressive symptoms in this study. Circulating IL-6 might be associated with depressive symptoms occurring at 3 months after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Korostynski
- grid.418903.70000 0001 2227 8271Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Piechota
- grid.418903.70000 0001 2227 8271Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Slawomir Golda
- grid.418903.70000 0001 2227 8271Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Pera
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Slowik
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Dziedzic
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
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21
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Ribeiro NF, Madruga L. A sudden and severe depressive episode after a left cingulate gyrus stroke: a case report of post-stroke depression and review of literature. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:711-716. [PMID: 33825944 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Post-stroke depression is a frequent complication of cerebrovascular lesions and mainly occurs within the first 6 months after stroke. Stroke patients who develop depression have slower recovery, greater disability, and higher mortality rates. The pathophysiology of post-stroke depression is not yet clearly defined, but studies suggest contributions from both psychosocial factors and stroke-related factors, such as lesions affecting the frontal-subcortical circuits. Early treatment has a positive impact on post-stroke rehabilitation outcome and survival. We present the case of an 82-year-old man with no psychiatric history who was brought to the psychiatric emergency department after two suicide attempts in the span of 7 days. He was severely depressed, with feelings of hopelessness, insomnia, and suicidal ideation. He had suffered a stroke the week before, affecting the anterior portion of the left cingulate gyrus, causing right hemiparesis and paresthesia. The psychiatric symptoms developed immediately after the stroke and were not present before the event. He was admitted to the psychiatry ward, treated with sertraline 100 mg/day and quetiapine 50 mg/day and discharged within 28 days, after full remission of symptoms. Our case strengthens the association between lesions located to the frontal-subcortical circuits and post-stroke depression. Physicians should be vigilant regarding the occurrence of depression in stroke patients, especially those who suffer lesions affecting the frontal-subcortical circuits and related regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Filipe Ribeiro
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Setúbal Hospital Center, Rua Camilo Castelo Branco, 2910-446, Setúbal, Portugal.
| | - Luís Madruga
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Setúbal Hospital Center, Rua Camilo Castelo Branco, 2910-446, Setúbal, Portugal
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22
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Lopatkiewicz AM, Pera J, Slowik A, Dziedzic T. Association of early and later depressive symptoms with functional outcome after ischemic stroke. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:679-686. [PMID: 33728483 PMCID: PMC8105243 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02328-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Post-stroke depressive symptoms (DS) can be chronic or transient, occurring shortly or long after stroke and lasting only few months. It remains unclear if the prognosis differs between patients with DS in the acute phase of stroke and those who develop DS several months later. We aimed to determine whether outcomes vary among patients with different trajectories of post-stroke depressive symptoms. Methods Of 698 enrolled patients with ischemic stroke, we included 335 participants (median age: 68, 48% female) who were assessed for DS both 8 days and 3 months post-stroke. We divided patients into 4 groups: without greater DS (Group 1), only earlier DS (Group 2), only later DS (Group 3), and persistent DS (Group 4). Logistic regression was used to determine the association between DS and 3- and 12-month functional outcome. Results Group 2 was predominantly female and had the highest rate of previous stroke or transient ischemic attack. Group 3 was more likely to suffer from delirium and more severe stroke. Group 4 had the highest frequency of vascular risk factors, pre-morbid psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive decline. In multivariate analysis, Group 3, but not Groups 2 and 4, had an increased risk of poor 3- and 12-month functional outcome (adjusted OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.64–4.07, P < 0.01 and OR 3.97, 95% CI 2.32–6.76, P < 0.01, respectively) compared with Group 1. Conclusions Different trajectories of post-stroke DS are related to different outcomes. Patients who only have later DS also have the worst prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Lopatkiewicz
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Botaniczna 3, 31-503, Krakόw, Poland
| | - Joanna Pera
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Botaniczna 3, 31-503, Krakόw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Slowik
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Botaniczna 3, 31-503, Krakόw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Dziedzic
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Botaniczna 3, 31-503, Krakόw, Poland.
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Sui SX, Hordacre B, Pasco JA. Are Sarcopenia and Cognitive Dysfunction Comorbid after Stroke in the Context of Brain-Muscle Crosstalk? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020223. [PMID: 33671531 PMCID: PMC7926475 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability and is responsible for a significant economic burden. Sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction are common consequences of stroke, but there is less awareness of the concurrency of these conditions. In addition, few reviews are available to guide clinicians and researchers on how to approach sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction as comorbidities after stroke, including how to assess and manage them and implement interventions to improve health outcomes. This review synthesises current knowledge about the relationship between post-stroke sarcopenia and cognitive dysfunction, including the physiological pathways, assessment tools, and interventions involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia X. Sui
- IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Deakin University, Victoria, VIC 3220, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-42153306 (ext. 53306); Fax: +61-3-42153491
| | - Brenton Hordacre
- IIMPACT in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Julie A. Pasco
- IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Deakin University, Victoria, VIC 3220, Australia;
- Department of Medicine–Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
- Barwon Health, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia
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24
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Gómez-Apo E, Mondragón-Maya A, Ferrari-Díaz M, Silva-Pereyra J. Structural Brain Changes Associated with Overweight and Obesity. J Obes 2021; 2021:6613385. [PMID: 34327017 PMCID: PMC8302366 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6613385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem with a broad set of comorbidities, such as malnutrition, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, systemic hypertension, heart failure, and kidney failure. This review describes recent findings of neuroimaging and two studies of cell density regarding the roles of overnutrition-induced hypothalamic inflammation in neurodegeneration. These studies provided consistent evidence of smaller cortical thickness or reduction in the gray matter volume in people with overweight and obesity; however, the investigated brain regions varied across the studies. In general, bilateral frontal and temporal areas, basal nuclei, and cerebellum are more commonly involved. Mechanisms of volume reduction are unknown, and neuroinflammation caused by obesity is likely to induce neuronal loss. Adipocytes, macrophages of the adipose tissue, and gut dysbiosis in overweight and obese individuals result in the secretion of the cytokines and chemokines that cross the blood-brain barrier and may stimulate microglia, which in turn also release proinflammatory cytokines. This leads to chronic low-grade neuroinflammation and may be an important factor for apoptotic signaling and neuronal death. Additionally, significant microangiopathy observed in rat models may be another important mechanism of induction of apoptosis. Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) may be similar to that in metabolic diseases induced by malnutrition. Poor cognitive performance, mainly in executive functions, in individuals with obesity is also discussed. This review highlights the neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms linked to obesity and emphasizes the importance of developing effective prevention and treatment intervention strategies for overweight and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Gómez-Apo
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Mondragón-Maya
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Martina Ferrari-Díaz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Juan Silva-Pereyra
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
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25
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Sarkar A, Sarmah D, Datta A, Kaur H, Jagtap P, Raut S, Shah B, Singh U, Baidya F, Bohra M, Kalia K, Borah A, Wang X, Dave KR, Yavagal DR, Bhattacharya P. Post-stroke depression: Chaos to exposition. Brain Res Bull 2020; 168:74-88. [PMID: 33359639 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia contributes to significant disabilities worldwide, impairing cognitive function and motor coordination in affected individuals. Stroke has severe neuropsychological outcomes, the major one being a stroke. Stroke survivors begin to show symptoms of depression within a few months of the incidence that overtime progresses to become a long-term ailment. As the pathophysiology for the progression of the disease is multifactorial and complex, it limits the understanding of the disease mechanism completely. Meta-analyses and randomized clinical trials have shown that intervening early with tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin receptor inhibitors can be effective. However, these pharmacotherapies possess several limitations that have given rise to newer approaches such as brain stimulation, psychotherapy and rehabilitation therapy, which in today's time are gaining attention for their beneficial results in post-stroke depression (PSD). The present review highlights numerous factors like lesion location, inflammatory mediators and genetic abnormalities that play a crucial role in the development of depression in stroke patients. Further, we have also discussed various mechanisms involved in post-stroke depression (PSD) and strategies for early detection and diagnosis using biomarkers that may revolutionize treatment for the affected population. Towards the end, along with the preclinical scenario, we have also discussed the various treatment approaches like pharmacotherapy, traditional medicines, psychotherapy, electrical stimulation and microRNAs being utilized for effectively managing PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Aishika Datta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Priya Jagtap
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Swapnil Raut
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Birva Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Upasna Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Falguni Baidya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Mariya Bohra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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26
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Ułamek-Kozioł M, Czuczwar SJ, Kocki J, Januszewski S, Bogucki J, Bogucka-Kocka A, Pluta R. Dysregulation of Autophagy, Mitophagy, and Apoptosis Genes in the CA3 Region of the Hippocampus in the Ischemic Model of Alzheimer's Disease in the Rat. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:1279-1286. [PMID: 31707369 PMCID: PMC6971835 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is currently no knowledge about the expression profile of the autophagy (BECN1), mitophagy (BNIP3), and apoptosis (CASP3) genes in the CA3 region of the hippocampus after cerebral ischemia. In addition, it is unknown whether genes for BECN1, BNIP3, and CASP3 have any effect on the neuronal death in the CA3 area of the hippocampus due to ischemia. In this study, for the first time, we present, by means of a quantitative PCR protocol with reverse transcriptase, the expression of BECN1 and CASP3 genes in the neuronal CA3 region of the hippocampus with the co-expression of the mitochondrial BNIP3 gene, which genes are associated with Alzheimer’s disease, in the ischemic model of Alzheimer’s disease in the rat. The present study showed that after ischemia, the CASP3 gene was significantly expressed within 7–30 days, the BECN1 gene was significantly overexpressed on the thirtieth day, and the BINP3 gene was lowered below control values during post-ischemic follow-up period. The caspase-dependent neuronal death in the CA3 region of the hippocampus after ischemia is not accompanied by overexpression of the BNIP3 gene. Our data may therefore suggest a new insight into the BNIP3 gene in the regulation of neuronal mitophagy in neurodegeneration in the CA3 region of the hippocampus after ischemia. This indicates no involvement of the BNIP3 gene along with the CASP3 gene in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in delayed neuronal death after brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Ułamek-Kozioł
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,First Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Janusz Kocki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Januszewski
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Bogucki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Bogucka-Kocka
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Krishnamurthy LC, Champion GN, McGregor KM, Krishnamurthy V, Turabi A, Roberts SR, Nocera JR, Borich MR, Rodriguez AD, Belagaje SR, Harrington RM, Harris-Love ML, Harnish SM, Drucker JH, Benjamin M, Meadows ML, Seeds L, Zlatar ZZ, Sudhyadhom A, Butler AJ, Garcia A, Patten C, Trinastic J, Kautz SA, Gregory C, Crosson BA. The effect of time since stroke, gender, age, and lesion size on thalamus volume in chronic stroke: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20488. [PMID: 33235210 PMCID: PMC7686360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent stroke studies have shown that the ipsi-lesional thalamus longitudinally and significantly decreases after stroke in the acute and subacute stages. However, additional considerations in the chronic stages of stroke require exploration including time since stroke, gender, intracortical volume, aging, and lesion volume to better characterize thalamic differences after cortical infarct. This cross-sectional retrospective study quantified the ipsilesional and contralesional thalamus volume from 69 chronic stroke subjects' anatomical MRI data (age 35-92) and related the thalamus volume to time since stroke, gender, intracortical volume, age, and lesion volume. The ipsi-lesional thalamus volume was significantly smaller than the contra-lesional thalamus volume (t(68) = 13.89, p < 0.0001). In the ipsilesional thalamus, significant effect for intracortical volume (t(68) = 2.76, p = 0.008), age (t(68) = 2.47, p = 0.02), lesion volume (t(68) = - 3.54, p = 0.0008), and age*time since stroke (t(68) = 2.46, p = 0.02) were identified. In the contralesional thalamus, significant effect for intracortical volume (t(68) = 3.2, p = 0.002) and age (t = - 3.17, p = 0.002) were identified. Clinical factors age and intracortical volume influence both ipsi- and contralesional thalamus volume and lesion volume influences the ipsilesional thalamus. Due to the cross-sectional nature of this study, additional research is warranted to understand differences in the neural circuitry and subsequent influence on volumetrics after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Krishnamurthy
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, Georgia State University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Gabriell N Champion
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Keith M McGregor
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Venkatagiri Krishnamurthy
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
- Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, Georgia State University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aaminah Turabi
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Simone R Roberts
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joe R Nocera
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael R Borich
- Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, Georgia State University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amy D Rodriguez
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Samir R Belagaje
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rachael M Harrington
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
- Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, Georgia State University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Stacy M Harnish
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan H Drucker
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michelle Benjamin
- Department of Physical Therapy, Brooks Rehabilitation Center, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - M Lawson Meadows
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Lauren Seeds
- Department of Physical Therapy, Brooks Rehabilitation Center, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Zvinka Z Zlatar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Atchar Sudhyadhom
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J Butler
- School of Health Professions, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amanda Garcia
- Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carolynn Patten
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Steven A Kautz
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Chris Gregory
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bruce A Crosson
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Health Care System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
- Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, Georgia State University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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28
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Ling Y, Gu Q, Zhang J, Gong T, Weng X, Liu J, Sun J. Structural Change of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Post-Stroke Comorbid Cognitive Impairment and Depression and Its Correlation with Clinical Features. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 77:1595-1608. [PMID: 32925035 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Post-stroke comorbid cognitive impairment and depression (PSCCID) is a severe neuropsychiatric complication after acute stroke. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with many psychiatric disorders. Alterations in the composition of gut microbiota may serve as a critical role in patients with PSCCID. Objective: We aimed to characterize the microbial profiles of patients with PSCCID. Method: A total of 175 stroke patients were recruited in the study. The composition of gut bacterial communities of patients was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA Miseq sequencing, and Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States was used to demonstrate the functional alterations of gut microbiota. We further identified the characteristic gut microbiota of PSCCID using linear discriminant analysis effect size. Results: Patients with PSCCID exhibited an increased abundance of Proteobacteria, including Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales, and Enterobacteriaceae, and a decreased abundance of several short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria compared with non-PSCCID patients. The abundance of Gammaproteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae showed negative correlations with the MoCA score. Moreover, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes results demonstrated the enriched orthologs of glycan biosynthesis and metabolism and decreased orthologs of amino acid metabolism in PSCCID patients. Importantly, the characteristic gut microbiota was identified and achieved an area under the curve of 0.847 between the two groups. Conclusion: In this study, we characterized the gut microbiota of PSCCID patients, and revealed the correlations of the altered gut microbiota with clinical parameters, which took a further step towards non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for PSCCID from fecal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ling
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qilu Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junmei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianyu Gong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiongpeng Weng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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29
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Klimova B. Benefits of the Use of Mobile Applications for Learning a Foreign Language by Elderly Population. PROCEDIA COMPUTER SCIENCE 2020; 176:2184-2191. [PMID: 33042307 PMCID: PMC7531930 DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2020.09.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
At present, there is a rapid increase in the number of older population. These demographic changes obviously bring about a number of economic and social issues, which are, for instance, reflected in a rising number of aging diseases, such as dementia, characterized by cognitive impairment. Since there is no effective pharmacological treatment, country's governments are looking for policies and strategies, which would delay the aging process, and thus prolong an active life of aging population. One of these policies appears to be the use of technologies, respectively mobile applications, by elderly people. The purpose of this article is to discuss the use of mobile applications in learning foreign languages, such as English, by elderly people, as well as their benefits. Overall, mobile apps for learning a foreign language appear to be one of the tools which can promote well-being of older people. The results reveal there are many benefits of learning a foreign language by seniors. These include, for example, improvement of their cognitive performance, positive impact on their psyche, reduction of anxiety, gaining self-confidence, development of new social ties and feeling of self-realization, as well as learning of a new foreign language. However, research in this area is very scare, which is due to the lack of such apps for the elderly and consequently, due to the lack of the experimental studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Klimova
- University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
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30
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Enhancing Cognitive Performance of Healthy Czech Seniors through Non-Native Language Learning-A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10090573. [PMID: 32825337 PMCID: PMC7563113 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10090573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article is to discuss the effect of learning a non-native language on the enhancement of cognitive performance in healthy native Czech elderly. In addition, special emphasis is put on the qualitative assessment. To do this, 42 Czech cognitively unimpaired seniors were enrolled into the study. These were then divided into an experimental group (i.e., 20 healthy elderly studied English as a non-native language for three months) and a passive control group (22 healthy elderly, who did not undergo any non-native language intervention). The main outcome measures included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, statistical processing of the data, and a qualitative content analysis. The results indicate that the cognitive performance of the intervention group did not differ from the control group. Therefore, no cognitive enhancement through non-native language learning was achieved. However, the findings of the qualitative analysis show that such non-native language learning with the peers of the same age is especially beneficial for the overall well-being of healthy seniors, especially as far as their social networks are concerned. Furthermore, participant's subjective feelings from their self-reports indicate that foreign language learning also contributes to acquiring new English words and phrases. However, as there are very few empirical studies on this research topic, further research is needed in order to confirm or refute the present research findings on the enhancement of cognitive performance through non-native language learning in healthy seniors.
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31
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Fang Y, Qin T, Liu W, Ran L, Yang Y, Huang H, Pan D, Wang M. Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease and Risk of Incidence of Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Cohort Studies. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016512. [PMID: 32715831 PMCID: PMC7792262 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Results of several longitudinal cohort studies suggested an association between cerebral small‐vessel disease and depression. Therefore, we performed a meta‐analysis to explore whether cerebral small‐vessel disease imparts increased risk for incident depression. Methods and Results We searched prospective cohort studies relevant to the relationship between cerebral small‐vessel disease and incident depression published through September 6, 2019, which yielded 16 cohort studies for meta‐analysis based on the relative odds ratio (OR) calculated with fixed‐ and random‐effect models. Baseline white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) (pooled OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.14–1.65), enlarged perivascular spaces (pooled OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.03–1.71), and cerebral atrophy (pooled OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.54–5.23) were significant risk factors for incident depression. Presence of deep WMHs (pooled OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.05–2.06) was a stronger predictor of depression than were periventricular WMHs (pooled OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.93–1.86). What's more, the pooled OR increased from 1.20 for the second quartile to 1.96 for the fourth quartile, indicating that higher the WMH severity brings greater risk of incident depression (25th–50th: pooled OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.68–2.12; 50th–75th; pooled OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.81–2.46; 75th–100th: OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.06–3.64). These results were stable to subgroup analysis for age, source of participants, follow‐up time, and methods for assessing WMHs and depression. Conclusions Cerebral small‐vessel disease features such as WMHs, enlarged perivascular spaces, and cerebral atrophy, especially the severity of WMHs and deep WMHs, are risk factors for incident depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tingting Qin
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Affiliated Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Clinical Research Center Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Lusen Ran
- Department of Neurology Tongji Hospital Wuhan China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Neurology Tongji Hospital Wuhan China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Neurology Tongji Hospital Wuhan China
| | - Dengji Pan
- Department of Neurology Tongji Hospital Wuhan China
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32
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Balseanu AT, Grigore M, Pinosanu LR, Slevin M, Hermann DM, Glavan D, Popa-Wagner A. Electric Stimulation of Neurogenesis Improves Behavioral Recovery After Focal Ischemia in Aged Rats. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:732. [PMID: 32742258 PMCID: PMC7365235 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The major aim of stroke therapies is to stimulate brain repair and to improve behavioral recuperation after cerebral ischemia. Despite remarkable advances in cell therapy for stroke, stem cell-based tissue replacement has not been achieved yet stimulating the search for alternative strategies for brain self-repair using the neurogenic zones of the brain, the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone (SVZ). However, during aging, the potential of the hippocampus and the SVZ to generate new neuronal precursors, declines. We hypothesized that electrically stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis in aged rats could increase the odds of brain self-repair and improve behavioral recuperation after focal ischemia. Following stroke in aged animals, the rats were subjected to two sessions of electrical non-convulsive stimulation using ear-clip electrodes, at 7- and 24 days after MCAO. Animal were sacrificed after 48 days. We report that electrical stimulation (ES) stimulation of post-stroke aged rats led to an improved functional recovery of spatial long-term memory (T-maze) but not on the rotating pole or the inclined plane, both tests requiring complex sensorimotor skills. Surprisingly, ES had a detrimental effect on the asymmetric sensorimotor deficit. Histologically, there was a robust increase in the number of doublecortin-positive cells in the dentate gyrus and SVZ of the infarcted hemisphere and the presence of a considerable number of neurons expressing tubulin beta III in the infarcted area. Among the gene that were unique to ES, we noted increases in the expression of seizure related 6 homolog like which is one of the physiological substrate of the β-secretase BACE1 involved in the pathophysiology of the Alzheimer’s disease and Igfbp3 and BDNF receptor mRNAs which has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect after cerebral ischemia. However, ES was associated with a long-term down regulation of cortical gene expression after stroke in aged rats suggesting that gene expression in the peri-infarcted cortical area may not be related to electrical stimulation induced-neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Tudor Balseanu
- Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Monica Grigore
- Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Leonard-Radu Pinosanu
- Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Mark Slevin
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology the Chair of Vascular Neurology and Dementia, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniela Glavan
- Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
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Tang XH, Zhang GF, Xu N, Duan GF, Jia M, Liu R, Zhou ZQ, Yang JJ. Extrasynaptic CaMKIIα is involved in the antidepressant effects of ketamine by downregulating GluN2B receptors in an LPS-induced depression model. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:181. [PMID: 32522211 PMCID: PMC7285526 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A subanesthetic dose of ketamine provides rapid and effective antidepressant effects, but the molecular mechanism remains elusive. It has been reported that overactivation of extrasynaptic GluN2B receptors is associated with the antidepressant effects of ketamine and the interaction between GluN2B and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) is important for GluN2B localization and activity. Here, we tested whether changes of CaMKIIα and GluN2B are involved in the antidepressant effects of ketamine. Methods Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into male C57BL/6 mice. For the interventional study, mice were administrated with ketamine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or a CaMKIIα inhibitor KN93. Behavioral alterations were evaluated by open-field, novelty-suppressed feeding, and forced-swimming tests. Physiological functions were evaluated by the body weight and fur coat state of mice. The levels of p-CaMKIIα, CaMKIIα, p-GluN2B, GluN2B, p-CREB, CREB, BDNF, GluR1, and GluR2 in the hippocampus were detected by western blotting. The interaction between GluN2B and CaMKIIα was studied using immunoprecipitation assay and small interfering RNA (siRNA) assays. The colocalizations of GluN2B/PSD95 and p-GluN2B/PSD95 were detected by immunofluorescence. The long-term potentiation (LTP) in SC-CA1 of the hippocampus was detected by electrophysiology. Results LPS injection induced depression-like behaviors, which were accompanied by significant increases in extrasynaptic p-CaMKIIα expression, extrasynaptic GluN2B localization, and phosphorylation and decreases in p-CREB, BDNF, and GluR1 expressions and LTP impairment. These changes were prevented by ketamine administration. Immunoprecipitation assay revealed that LPS induced an increase in the p-CaMKIIα–GluN2B interaction, which was attenuated by ketamine administration. SiRNA assay revealed that CaMKIIα knockdown reduced the level and number of clusters of GluN2B in the cultured hippocampal neurons. KN93 administration also reduced extrasynaptic p-CaMKIIα expression, extrasynaptic GluN2B localization, and phosphorylation and exerted antidepressant effects. Conclusion These results indicate that extrasynaptic CaMKIIα plays a key role in the cellular mechanism of ketamine’s antidepressant effect and it is related to the downregulation of extrasynaptic GluN2B localization and phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang-Fen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gui-Fang Duan
- Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ru Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Klimova B, Pikhart M. Current Research on the Impact of Foreign Language Learning Among Healthy Seniors on Their Cognitive Functions From a Positive Psychology Perspective-A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2020; 11:765. [PMID: 32373038 PMCID: PMC7186493 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review study is to explore the existing research focusing on the impact of foreign language learning among healthy seniors on their cognitive functions from the positive psychology perspective. The methods are based on a literature review of available sources found on the research topic in two acknowledged databases: Web of Science and Scopus. The search period was not limited by any time period since there are not many studies on this topic. Altogether seven original studies were detected. The findings of this review study thus reveal that foreign language learning (FLL) has a positive impact on the maintenance and/or enhancement of cognitive abilities irrespective of age. In addition, the FLL courses seem to offer new opportunities for healthy seniors in the area of socializing and integration into society, which consequently may positively affect their overall well-being. Furthermore, the research shows that it is partly through the stimulation of social well-being that the cognitive effects of FLL might be observed. Cognitive aspects of older age are to be further investigated, including the importance of learning a foreign language, as basically all research conducted proves at least some maintenance or even improvement of cognitive functions of older people when starting intensive language training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Klimova
- Department of Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Marcel Pikhart
- Department of Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
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Long-term treatment with spermidine increases health span of middle-aged Sprague-Dawley male rats. GeroScience 2020; 42:937-949. [PMID: 32285289 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Let alone calorie restriction, life span extension in higher organisms has proven to be difficult to achieve using simple drugs. Previous studies have shown that the polyamine spermidine increased the maximum life span in C. elegans and the median life span in mice. However, younger subjects (< 40 years of age) are infrequently prescribed nor self-medicating with antiaging drugs. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed at assessing the effect of long-term treatment with spermidine given in the drinking water on behavioral performance and longevity of male, middle-aged Sprague-Dawley rats. We report that spermidine given in the drinking water did not extend neither the median nor the maximum life span of the middle-aged male Sprague-Dawley rats. However, spermidine treatment had a beneficial effect on the body weight and the kidney tubules, liver, and heart morphology. Behaviorally, spermidine led to a reduction in anxiety and an increase in curiosity, as assessed by exploratory behavior. Moreover, long-term treatment with spermidine enhanced autophagy in the brain and led to a diminished expression of the inflammatory markers, Tgfb, CD11b, Fcgr1, Stat1, CR3, and GFAP mRNAs in several cortical region and hippocampus of the treated rats suggesting that one beneficial effect of the long-term treatment with spermidine is an attenuated proinflammatory state in the aged brain. Our results suggest that long-term treatment with spermidine increases health span of middle-aged rats by attenuating neuroinflammation and improving anxiety and exploratory behavior.
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Gülcan HO, Orhan IE. The Main Targets Involved in Neuroprotection for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:509-516. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200131103524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
With respect to the total cure failure of current drugs used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases,
alternative strategies are followed. Particularly, neuroprotection approaches are questioned. Metal chelation,
antioxidant towards oxidative stress, modulation of the amyloidogenic pathway, MAO-B inhibition, and
NMDA receptor antagonism is more or less typical examples. Some of the representative drug candidates with
promising neuroprotective features are assessed in clinical trials. Although initial attempts were found hopeful,
none of the candidates have been found successful in each required clinical trials, particularly depending on the
failures in terms of cognitive enhancement and slowing the progressive characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases.
Today, neuroprotection is evaluated using multi-target ligand-based drug design studies. Within this study,
the clinical outcomes of these studies, the rationale behind the design of the molecules are reviewed concomitant
to the representative drug candidates of each group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayrettin O. Gülcan
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Famagusta, TR. North Cyprus, via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Ilkay E. Orhan
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Etiler, Ankara, Turkey
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Boccella S, Iannotta M, Cristiano C, Iannotti FA, Bello FD, Guida F, Belardo C, Infantino R, Ricciardi F, Giannella M, Calignano A, Di Marzo V, Maione S, Luongo L. Treatment With 2-Pentadecyl-2-Oxazoline Restores Mild Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Sensorial and Neuropsychiatric Dysfunctions. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:91. [PMID: 32161542 PMCID: PMC7052365 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents an important public health problem and is followed by neuroinflammation and neurological dysfunctions. It has been suggested that brain trauma is often associated to deep behavioral alterations and chronic pain-like syndrome. Despite inducing minimal brain damage, mild TBI (mTBI) leads to persistent behavioral changes, including anxiety, depression, social interaction impairment, and aggressiveness. The clinical management of these symptoms is still unsatisfactory and new pharmacological treatments are needed, especially for the aggressiveness and depression. In a mouse model of mTBI, we investigated the effect of 2-Pentadecyl-2-Oxazoline (PEA-OXA), a natural compound, that is a secondary metabolite, found in green and roasted coffee beans, on both the pain perception, and neuropsychiatric dysfunctions. We found that the compound acts as a α2 adrenergic antagonist and this mechanism is here described for the first time. Mild TBI mice, starting from 14-d post-trauma, developed anxious and aggressive behavior, whilst depressive-like behavior and impaired social interactions were observed from the 60th d onward. PEA-OXA normalized all the behavioral changes investigated. We also investigated the memory impairments through Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. Both sham and mTBI mice treated with PEA-OXA showed amelioration in the reversal task of the MWM. Nevertheless, the main symptom of the long-term mTBI is represented by the depressive-like behavior, which was completely reversed by PEA-OXA repeated administration. In humans, mTBI-induced depression precedes the appearance of dementias and is characterized by a massive deficit of GABAergic transmission in the cortices. We found that PEA-OXA normalized the GABA changes in the prefrontal cortex. In order to prove the α2-mediated effect of the PEA-OXA we have performed open field test in naïve animals by microinjecting into the medial prefrontal cortex the dexomedetomidine, a selective α2 agonist with or without PEA-OXA co-injection. We found that PEA-OXA antagonized the α2 agonist effect on the locomotor activity. Moreover, PEA-OXA microinjection into the medial prefrontal cortex induced an enhancement of dopamine release. Collectively, these data suggest that this natural compound, through its multi-target activity is able to: i) ameliorate behavioral alterations (i.e. depression), ii) selectively normalize cortical GABA levels, iii) rescue the impaired neuronal activity in the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Iannotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Cristiano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Guida
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Belardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosmara Infantino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Ricciardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Livio Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Caspase-6 Knockout in the 5xFAD Model of Alzheimer's Disease Reveals Favorable Outcome on Memory and Neurological Hallmarks. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031144. [PMID: 32050445 PMCID: PMC7037950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Caspases, a family of cysteine proteases, are major mediators of apoptosis and inflammation. Caspase-6 is considered to be an up-stream modulator of AD pathogenesis as active caspase-6 is abundant in neuropil threads, neuritic plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles of AD brains. In order to further elucidate the role of caspase-6 activity in the pathogenesis of AD, we produced a double transgenic mouse model, combining the 5xFAD mouse model of AD with caspase-6 knock out (C6-KO) mice. Behavioral examinations of 5xFAD/C6-KO double transgenic mice showed improved performance in spatial learning, memory, and anxiety/risk assessment behavior, as compared to 5xFAD mice. Hippocampal mRNA expression analyses showed significantly reduced levels of inflammatory mediator TNF-α, while the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased in 5xFAD/C6-KO mice. A significant reduction in amyloid-β plaques could be observed and immunohistochemistry analyses showed reduced levels of activated microglia and astrocytes in 5xFAD/C6-KO, compared to 5xFAD mice. Together, these results indicate a substantial role for caspase-6 in the pathology of the 5xFAD model of AD and suggest further validation of caspase-6 as a potential therapeutic target for AD.
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Zhang X, Xiao H, Liu C, Liu S, Zhao L, Wang R, Wang J, Wang T, Zhu Y, Chen C, Wu X, Lin D, Qiu W, Yu-Wai-Man P, Lu Z, Lin H. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Reveals Distinct Retinal Structural and Microvascular Abnormalities in Cerebrovascular Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:588515. [PMID: 33132836 PMCID: PMC7561709 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.588515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) is one of the leading global causes of death and severe disability. To date, retinal microangiopathy has become a reflection of cerebral microangiopathy, mirroring the vascular pathological modifications in vivo. To evaluate the retinal structure and microvasculature in patients with CeVD, we conducted a cross-sectional study in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center and Department of Neurology of Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). CeVD patients (n = 121; 238 eyes) and healthy controls (n = 44; 57 eyes) were included in the analysis. The CeVD group showed significant thinning of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness in the temporal and nasal quadrants, and thinning of the macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) in the inferior quadrant, while macular microvasculature reduction was prominent in all nine quadrants. There were significant correlations between OCTA parameters, visual acuity, and transcranial doppler parameters in the CeVD group. The specific structural parameters combining microvasculature indices showed the best diagnostic accuracies (AUC = 0.918) to discriminate CeVD group from healthy controls. To conclude, we proved that OCTA reveals specific patterns of retinal structural changes and extensive macular microvascular changes in CeVD. Additionally, these retinal abnormalities could prove useful disease biomarkers in the management of individuals at high risk of debilitating complications from a cerebrovascular event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Psychological and Neurological Diseases Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sanxin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Psychological and Neurological Diseases Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanqin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Chuan Chen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Xiaohang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duoru Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Psychological and Neurological Diseases Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Eye Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhengqi Lu
- Department of Neurology, Psychological and Neurological Diseases Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haotian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haotian Lin,
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Hidalgo-Lanussa O, Baez-Jurado E, Echeverria V, Ashraf GM, Sahebkar A, Garcia-Segura LM, Melcangi RC, Barreto GE. Lipotoxicity, neuroinflammation, glial cells and oestrogenic compounds. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12776. [PMID: 31334878 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The high concentrations of free fatty acids as a consequence of obesity and being overweight have become risk factors for the development of different diseases, including neurodegenerative ailments. Free fatty acids are strongly related to inflammatory events, causing cellular and tissue alterations in the brain, including cell death, deficits in neurogenesis and gliogenesis, and cognitive decline. It has been reported that people with a high body mass index have a higher risk of suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Hormones such as oestradiol not only have beneficial effects on brain tissue, but also exert some adverse effects on peripheral tissues, including the ovary and breast. For this reason, some studies have evaluated the protective effect of oestrogen receptor (ER) agonists with more specific tissue activities, such as the neuroactive steroid tibolone. Activation of ERs positively affects the expression of pro-survival factors and cell signalling pathways, thus promoting cell survival. This review aims to discuss the relationship between lipotoxicity and the development of neurodegenerative diseases. We also elaborate on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in neuroprotection induced by oestrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Hidalgo-Lanussa
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Eliana Baez-Jurado
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
- Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Research and Development, Bay Pines, FL, USA
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto C Melcangi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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MicroRNA-22 exerts its neuroprotective and angiogenic functions via regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 127:35-44. [PMID: 31883035 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to study the effects of miR-2 on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats and to explore its further mechanism. Rats were assigned into sham, model, miR-22 control and miR-22 groups. Observation of neurological behaviors at 24 h after operation found that neurological functions were severely damaged in the model and miR-22 control groups and these damages were improved by miR-22. RT-PCR indicated that miR-22 mRNA level in the brain tissue was significantly decreased in the model and miR-22 control groups, but increased in the miR-22 group. TTC staining showed increased percentage of cerebral infarction volume in the model and miR-22 control groups and this increase was reduced by miR-22. Immunohistochemistry showed increased densities of CD34+ and VEGF+ microvessels in the cortex in the model and miR-22 control groups, which were further increased in the miR-22 group. ELISA showed increased serum VEGF and Ang-1 levels in the model and miR-22 control groups, which were also further increased in the miR-22 group. Western blot analysis showed increased phosphorylation level of PI3K and Akt in brain tissue in the model and miR-22 control groups, which were further increased in the miR-22 group. Administration of LY294002, a specific PI3K pathway inhibitor, significantly reversed all the effects of miR-22 on rats in the model group. miR-22 exerts its neuroprotective and angiogenic functions via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, at least partly, in rats under cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.
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Haley MJ, White CS, Roberts D, O'Toole K, Cunningham CJ, Rivers-Auty J, O'Boyle C, Lane C, Heaney O, Allan SM, Lawrence CB. Stroke Induces Prolonged Changes in Lipid Metabolism, the Liver and Body Composition in Mice. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 11:837-850. [PMID: 31865538 PMCID: PMC7340675 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During recovery, stroke patients are at risk of developing long-term complications that impact quality of life, including changes in body weight and composition, depression and anxiety, as well as an increased risk of subsequent vascular events. The aetiologies and time-course of these post-stroke complications have not been extensively studied and are poorly understood. Therefore, we assessed long-term changes in body composition, metabolic markers and behaviour after middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. These outcomes were also studied in the context of obesity, a common stroke co-morbidity proposed to protect against post-stroke weight loss in patients. We found that stroke induced long-term changes in body composition, characterised by a sustained loss of fat mass with a recovery of lean weight loss. These global changes in response to stroke were accompanied by an altered lipid profile (increased plasma free fatty acids and triglycerides) and increased adipokine release at 60 days. After stroke, the liver also showed histological changes indicative of liver damage and a decrease in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was observed. Stroke induced depression and anxiety-like behaviours in mice, illustrated by deficits in exploration, nest building and burrowing behaviours. When initial infarct volumes were matched between mice with and without comorbid obesity, these outcomes were not drastically altered. Overall, we found that stroke induced long-term changes in depressive/anxiety-like behaviours, and changes in plasma lipids, adipokines and the liver that may impact negatively on future vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Haley
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Claire S White
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Daisy Roberts
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Kelly O'Toole
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Catriona J Cunningham
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jack Rivers-Auty
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Conor O'Boyle
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Conor Lane
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Oliver Heaney
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Catherine B Lawrence
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology and Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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Valis M, Slaninova G, Prazak P, Poulova P, Kacetl J, Klimova B. Impact of Learning a Foreign Language on the Enhancement of Cognitive Functions Among Healthy Older Population. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH 2019; 48:1311-1318. [PMID: 31377900 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-019-09659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to discuss to what extent foreign language learning may enhance cognitive functions among healthy older population. The methods used in this study included cognitive assessments using standardized tests, intervention through English language teaching and learning, and statistical analysis. Out of 60 older Czech citizens, 42 cognitively unimpaired participants were selected for the experiment. These participants were randomly divided into an experimental group (20 subjects) studying English for 12 weeks (three 45-min lessons per week) and a control group (22 subjects) whose members did not have any language training. The results of the research show that there has been a slight enhancement of cognitive skills in the experimental group. Nevertheless, on the whole, the scores of the experimental and control groups did not considerably differ. Despite this fact, the results indicate that cognitive functions among healthy older population can be maintained through regular foreign language training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Valis
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Slaninova
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Management, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Prazak
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Informatics and Quantitative Methods, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Poulova
- Department of Informatics and Quantitative Methods, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kacetl
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Klimova
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Henriques D, Moreira R, Schwamborn J, Pereira de Almeida L, Mendonça LS. Successes and Hurdles in Stem Cells Application and Production for Brain Transplantation. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1194. [PMID: 31802998 PMCID: PMC6877657 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain regenerative strategies through the transplantation of stem cells hold the potential to promote functional rescue of brain lesions caused either by trauma or neurodegenerative diseases. Most of the positive modulations fostered by stem cells are fueled by bystander effects, namely increase of neurotrophic factors levels and reduction of neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, the ultimate goal of cell therapies is to promote cell replacement. Therefore, the ability of stem cells to migrate and differentiate into neurons that later become integrated into the host neuronal network replacing the lost neurons has also been largely explored. However, as most of the preclinical studies demonstrate, there is a small functional integration of graft-derived neurons into host neuronal circuits. Thus, it is mandatory to better study the whole brain cell therapy approach in order to understand what should be better comprehended concerning graft-derived neuronal and glial cells migration and integration before we can expect these therapies to be ready as a viable solution for brain disorder treatment. Therefore, this review discusses the positive mechanisms triggered by cell transplantation into the brain, the limitations of adult brain plasticity that might interfere with the neuroregeneration process, as well as some strategies tested to overcome some of these limitations. It also considers the efforts that have been made by the regulatory authorities to lead to better standardization of preclinical and clinical studies in this field in order to reduce the heterogeneity of the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Henriques
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Moreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jens Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana S Mendonça
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Jiang Y, Liu N, Wang Q, Yu Z, Lin L, Yuan J, Guo S, Ahn BJ, Wang XJ, Li X, Lo EH, Sun X, Wang X. Endocrine Regulator rFGF21 (Recombinant Human Fibroblast Growth Factor 21) Improves Neurological Outcomes Following Focal Ischemic Stroke of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Male Mice. Stroke 2019; 49:3039-3049. [PMID: 30571410 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.022119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- The complexity and heterogeneity of stroke, as well as the associated comorbidities, may render neuroprotective drugs less efficacious in clinical practice. Therefore, the development of targeted therapies to specific patient subsets has become a high priority in translational stroke research. Ischemic stroke with type 2 diabetes mellitus has a nearly double mortality rate and worse neurological outcomes. In the present study, we tested our hypothesis that rFGF21 (recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 21) administration is beneficial for improving neurological outcomes of ischemic stroke with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods- Type 2 diabetes mellitus db/db and nondiabetic genetic control db/+ mice were subjected into permanent focal ischemia of distal middle cerebral artery occlusion, we examined the effects of poststroke administration with rFGF21 in systemic metabolic disorders, inflammatory gatekeeper PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ) activity at 3 days, mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and microglia/macrophage activation at 7 days in the perilesion cortex, and last neurological function deficits, ischemic brain infarction, and white matter integrity up to 14 days after stroke of db/db mice. Results- After permanent focal ischemia, diabetic db/db mice presented confounding pathological features, including metabolic dysregulation, more severe brain damage, and neurological impairment, especially aggravated proinflammatory response and white matter integrity loss. However, daily rFGF21 treatment initiated at 6 hours after stroke for 14 days significantly normalized systemic metabolic disorders, rescued PPARγ activity decline, inhibited proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression, and M1-like microglia/macrophage activation in the brain. Importantly, rFGF21 also significantly reduced white matter integrity loss, ischemic brain infarction, and neurological function deficits up to 14 days after stroke. The potential mechanisms of rFGF21 may in part consist of potent systematic metabolic regulation and PPARγ-activation promotion-associated antiproinflammatory roles in the brain. Conclusions- Taken together, these results suggest rFGF21 might be a novel and potent candidate of the disease-modifying strategy for treating ischemic stroke with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Jiang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (Y.J., X.S., ).,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Y.J., N.L., Q.W., Z.Y., L.L., J.Y., S.G., B.J.A., E.H.L., X.W.)
| | - Ning Liu
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Y.J., N.L., Q.W., Z.Y., L.L., J.Y., S.G., B.J.A., E.H.L., X.W.).,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China (N.L.)
| | - Qingzhi Wang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Y.J., N.L., Q.W., Z.Y., L.L., J.Y., S.G., B.J.A., E.H.L., X.W.).,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China (Q.W., J.Y.)
| | - Zhanyang Yu
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Y.J., N.L., Q.W., Z.Y., L.L., J.Y., S.G., B.J.A., E.H.L., X.W.)
| | - Li Lin
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Y.J., N.L., Q.W., Z.Y., L.L., J.Y., S.G., B.J.A., E.H.L., X.W.).,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (L.L., X.-J.W., X.L.)
| | - Jing Yuan
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Y.J., N.L., Q.W., Z.Y., L.L., J.Y., S.G., B.J.A., E.H.L., X.W.).,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China (Q.W., J.Y.)
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Y.J., N.L., Q.W., Z.Y., L.L., J.Y., S.G., B.J.A., E.H.L., X.W.)
| | - Bum Ju Ahn
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Y.J., N.L., Q.W., Z.Y., L.L., J.Y., S.G., B.J.A., E.H.L., X.W.)
| | - Xiao-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (L.L., X.-J.W., X.L.)
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China (L.L., X.-J.W., X.L.)
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Y.J., N.L., Q.W., Z.Y., L.L., J.Y., S.G., B.J.A., E.H.L., X.W.)
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (Y.J., X.S., )
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Y.J., N.L., Q.W., Z.Y., L.L., J.Y., S.G., B.J.A., E.H.L., X.W.)
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Effects of transcranial random noise stimulation combined with Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program (GRASP) on motor rehabilitation of the upper limb in sub-acute ischemic stroke patients: a randomized pilot study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:1701-1706. [PMID: 31576424 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the combined use of transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) with the Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program (GRASP) in sub-acute ischemic stroke patients suffering from arm impairment. Eighteen ischemic stroke patients with upper limb disability were randomly assigned to either the GRASP + tRNS or GRASP + Sham stimulation group. Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper extremity (FMA-UE) was performed to evaluate upper limb impairment before treatment (T0), after the last stimulation (T1) and after 30 days (T2). At T1 and T2, beneficial effects in the tRNS group correlated with better FMA-UE score than sham stimulation group (p < 0.001) and these results did not correlate to stroke severity, because no associations were observed between National Institute of Health Stroke Scale and FMA UE T1 and T2. This study displayed a good feasibility and was the first to evaluate the use of tRNS in association with Grasp in sub-acute stroke survivors having arm impairment to improve arm motor recovery.
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Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg) Induce a Protective Phenotype in Microglia Preventing Neuronal Cell Death in Ischaemic Stroke. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 22:121-132. [PMID: 31559534 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08571-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the immune system and thereby modulating the inflammatory response in ischemic stroke has shown promising therapeutic potential in various preclinical trials. Among those, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) have moved into the focus of attention. In a murine model of experimental stroke, we explored the therapeutic potential of IVIg on the neurological outcome and the inflammatory response. Further, we used an in vitro system to assess effects of IVIg-stimulated microglia on neuronal survival. Treatment with IVIg resulted in decreased lesion sizes, without significant effects on the infiltration and activation pattern of peripheral immune cells. However, in microglia IVIg induced a switch towards an upregulation of protective polarization markers, and the ablation of microglia led to the loss of neuroprotective IVIg effects. Functionally, IVIg stimulated microglia ameliorated neuronal cell death elicited by oxygen and glucose deprivation in vitro. Notably, application of IVIg in vivo led to a comparable decrease of apoptotic neurons in the penumbra area. Although neuroprotective effects of IVIg in vivo and in vitro have been established in previous studies, we were able to show for the first time, that IVIg modulates the polarization of microglia during the pathogenesis of stroke.
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Predicting Reactive Astrogliosis Propagation by Bayesian Computational Modeling: the Repeater Stations Model. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:879-895. [PMID: 31522382 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis occurs upon focal brain injury and in neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanisms that propagate reactive astrogliosis to distal parts of the brain, in a rapid wave that activates astrocytes and other cell types along the way, are not completely understood. It is proposed that damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) released by necrotic cells from the injury core have a major role in the reactive astrogliosis initiation but whether they also participate in reactive astrogliosis propagation remains to be determined. We here developed a Bayesian computational model to define the most probable model for reactive astrogliosis propagation. Starting with experimental data from GFAP-immunostained reactive astrocytes, we defined five types of astrocytes based on morphometrical cues and registered the position of each reactive astrocyte cell type in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the injured site after 3 and 7 days post-ischemia. We developed equations for the changes in DAMP concentration (due to diffusion, binding to receptors or degradation), soluble mediators secretion, and for the evolution reactive astrogliosis. We tested four predefined models based on abovementioned previous hypothesis and modifications to it. Our results showed that DAMP diffusion alone has not justified the reactive astrogliosis propagation as previously assumed. Only two models succeeded in accurately reproducing the experimentally measured data and they highlighted the role of microglia and the glial secretion of soluble mediators to sustain the reactive signal and activating neighboring astrocytes. Thus, our in silico analysis proposes that glial cells behave as repeater stations of the injury signal in order to propagate reactive astrogliosis.
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Pei X, Li Y, Zhu L, Zhou Z. Astrocyte-derived exosomes suppress autophagy and ameliorate neuronal damage in experimental ischemic stroke. Exp Cell Res 2019; 382:111474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes cerebral angiogenesis via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in ischemic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 856:172418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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