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Nock S, Karim E, Unsworth AJ. Pim Kinases: Important Regulators of Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11582. [PMID: 37511341 PMCID: PMC10380471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pim Kinases; Pim-1, Pim-2, and Pim-3, are a family of constitutively active serine/threonine kinases, widely associated with cell survival, proliferation, and migration. Historically considered to be functionally redundant, independent roles for the individual isoforms have been described. Whilst most established for their role in cancer progression, there is increasing evidence for wider pathological roles of Pim kinases within the context of cardiovascular disease, including inflammation, thrombosis, and cardiac injury. The Pim kinase isoforms have widespread expression in cardiovascular tissues, including the heart, coronary artery, aorta, and blood, and have been demonstrated to be upregulated in several co-morbidities/risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Pim kinase inhibition may thus be a desirable therapeutic for a multi-targeted approach to treat cardiovascular disease and some of the associated risk factors. In this review, we discuss what is known about Pim kinase expression and activity in cells of the cardiovascular system, identify areas where the role of Pim kinase has yet to be fully explored and characterised and review the suitability of targeting Pim kinase for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular events in high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amanda J. Unsworth
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
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2
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Pu A, Ramani G, Chen YJ, Perry JA, Hong CC. Identification of novel genetic variants, including PIM1 and LINC01491, with ICD-10 based diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension in the UK Biobank cohort. FRONTIERS IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2023; 3. [PMID: 37089865 PMCID: PMC10121214 DOI: 10.3389/fddsv.2023.1127736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by remodeling and narrowing of the pulmonary vasculature which results in elevations of pulmonary arterial pressures. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the UK Biobank, analyzing the genomes of 493 individuals diagnosed with primary pulmonary hypertension, based on ICD-10 coding, compared to 24,650 age, sex, and ancestry-matched controls in a 1:50 case-control design. Genetic variants were analyzed by Plink’s firth logistic regression and assessed for association with primary pulmonary hypertension. We identified three linked variants in the PIM1 gene, which encodes a protooncogene that has been garnering interest as a potential therapeutic target for PAH, that were associated with PAH with genome wide significance, one (rs192449585) of which lies in the promoter region of the gene. We also identified 15 linked variants in the LINC01491 gene. These results provide genetic evidence supporting the role of PIM1 inhibitors as a potential therapeutic option for PAH.
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Pahlavani HA. Exercise-induced signaling pathways to counteracting cardiac apoptotic processes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:950927. [PMID: 36036015 PMCID: PMC9403089 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.950927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death in the world. One of the major causes of cardiac death is excessive apoptosis. However, multiple pathways through moderate exercise can reduce myocardial apoptosis. After moderate exercise, the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as IGF-1, IGF-1R, p-PI3K, p-Akt, ERK-1/2, SIRT3, PGC-1α, and Bcl-2 increases in the heart. While apoptotic proteins such as PTEN, PHLPP-1, GSK-3, JNK, P38MAPK, and FOXO are reduced in the heart. Exercise-induced mechanical stress activates the β and α5 integrins and subsequently, focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation activates the Akt/mTORC1 and ERK-1/2 pathways, leading to an anti-apoptotic response. One of the reasons for the decrease in exercise-induced apoptosis is the decrease in Fas-ligand protein, Fas-death receptor, TNF-α receptor, Fas-associated death domain (FADD), caspase-8, and caspase-3. In addition, after exercise mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic factors such as Bid, t-Bid, Bad, p-Bad, Bak, cytochrome c, and caspase-9 are reduced. These changes lead to a reduction in oxidative damage, a reduction in infarct size, a reduction in cardiac apoptosis, and an increase in myocardial function. After exercising in the heart, the levels of RhoA, ROCK1, Rac1, and ROCK2 decrease, while the levels of PKCε, PKCδ, and PKCɑ are activated to regulate calcium and prevent mPTP perforation. Exercise has an anti-apoptotic effect on heart failure by increasing the PKA-Akt-eNOS and FSTL1-USP10-Notch1 pathways, reducing the negative effects of CaMKIIδ, and increasing the calcineurin/NFAT pathway. Exercise plays a protective role in the heart by increasing HSP20, HSP27, HSP40, HSP70, HSP72, and HSP90 along with increasing JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation. However, research on exercise and factors such as Pim-1, Notch, and FAK in cardiac apoptosis is scarce, so further research is needed. Future research is recommended to discover more anti-apoptotic pathways. It is also recommended to study the synergistic effect of exercise with gene therapy, dietary supplements, and cell therapy for future research.
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Langleben D, Orfanos SE, Fox BD, Messas N, Giovinazzo M, Catravas JD. The Paradox of Pulmonary Vascular Resistance: Restoration of Pulmonary Capillary Recruitment as a Sine Qua Non for True Therapeutic Success in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154568. [PMID: 35956182 PMCID: PMC9369805 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced increases in pulmonary blood flow normally increase pulmonary arterial pressure only minimally, largely due to a reserve of pulmonary capillaries that are available for recruitment to carry the flow. In pulmonary arterial hypertension, due to precapillary arteriolar obstruction, such recruitment is greatly reduced. In exercising pulmonary arterial hypertension patients, pulmonary arterial pressure remains high and may even increase further. Current pulmonary arterial hypertension therapies, acting principally as vasodilators, decrease calculated pulmonary vascular resistance by increasing pulmonary blood flow but have a minimal effect in lowering pulmonary arterial pressure and do not restore significant capillary recruitment. Novel pulmonary arterial hypertension therapies that have mainly antiproliferative properties are being developed to try and diminish proliferative cellular obstruction in precapillary arterioles. If effective, those agents should restore capillary recruitment and, during exercise testing, pulmonary arterial pressure should remain low despite increasing pulmonary blood flow. The effectiveness of every novel therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension should be evaluated not only at rest, but with measurement of exercise pulmonary hemodynamics during clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Langleben
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Azrieli Heart Center and Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-340-7531
| | - Stylianos E. Orfanos
- 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, Pulmonary Hypertension Center, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Benjamin D. Fox
- Pulmonary Division, Yitzchak Shamir Hospital, Tel Aviv University, Tzrifin 69978, Israel
| | - Nathan Messas
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Azrieli Heart Center and Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Michele Giovinazzo
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Azrieli Heart Center and Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - John D. Catravas
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
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Santos-Gomes J, Gandra I, Adão R, Perros F, Brás-Silva C. An Overview of Circulating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Biomarkers. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:924873. [PMID: 35911521 PMCID: PMC9333554 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.924873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), also known as Group 1 Pulmonary Hypertension (PH), is a PH subset characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary arterial obstruction. PAH has an estimated incidence of 15-50 people per million in the United States and Europe, and is associated with high mortality and morbidity, with patients' survival time after diagnosis being only 2.8 years. According to current guidelines, right heart catheterization is the gold standard for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of PAH patients. However, this technique is highly invasive, so it is not used in routine clinical practice or patient follow-up. Thereby, it is essential to find new non-invasive strategies for evaluating disease progression. Biomarkers can be an effective solution for determining PAH patient prognosis and response to therapy, and aiding in diagnostic efforts, so long as their detection is non-invasive, easy, and objective. This review aims to clarify and describe some of the potential new candidates as circulating biomarkers of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Santos-Gomes
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Gandra
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Adão
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Frédéric Perros
- Paris-Porto Pulmonary Hypertension Collaborative Laboratory (3PH), UMR_S 999, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
- Université Paris–Saclay, AP-HP, INSERM UMR_S 999, Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Carmen Brás-Silva
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Smits AJ, Botros L, Mol MA, Ziesemer KA, Wilkins MR, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Bogaard HJ, Aman J. A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis of Biomarkers for detection of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. ERJ Open Res 2022; 8:00009-2022. [PMID: 35651362 PMCID: PMC9149393 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00009-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale The blood is a rich source of potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of idiopathic and hereditary pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH and hPAH, referred to as “PAH”). While a lot of biomarkers have been identified for PAH, the clinical utility of these biomarkers often remains unclear. Here, we performed an unbiased meta-analysis of published biomarkers to identify biomarkers with the highest performance for detection of PAH. Methods A literature search (in PubMed, Embase.com, Clarivate Analytics/Web of Science Core Collection and Wiley/Cochrane Library) was performed up to 28 January 2021. Primary end points were blood biomarker levels in PAH versus asymptomatic controls or patients suspected of pulmonary hypertension (PH) with proven normal haemodynamic profiles. Results 149 articles were identified by the literature search. Meta-analysis of 26 biomarkers yielded 17 biomarkers that were differentially expressed in PAH and non-PH control subjects. Red cell distribution width, low density lipid-cholesterol, d-dimer, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic protein (NT-proBNP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and uric acid were biomarkers with the largest observed differences, largest sample sizes and a low risk of publication bias. Receiver operating characteristic curves and sensitivity/specificity analyses demonstrated that NT-proBNP had a high sensitivity, but low specificity for PAH. For the other biomarkers, insufficient data on diagnostic accuracy with receiver operating characteristic curves were available for meta-analysis. Conclusion This meta-analysis validates NT-proBNP as a biomarker with high sensitivity for PAH, albeit with low specificity. The majority of biomarkers evaluated in this meta-analysis lacked either external validation or data on diagnostic accuracy. Further validation studies are required as well as studies that test combinations of biomarkers to improve specificity. Meta-analysis of 26 biomarkers yielded 17 differentially expressed biomarkers in PAH. NT-proBNP had the highest diagnostic accuracy but had a low specificity for PAH. Other markers, including IL-6, RDW, LDL-c, D-dimer and UA, lacked clinical validation.https://bit.ly/3J4YAyC
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Toth RK, Solomon R, Warfel NA. Stabilization of PIM Kinases in Hypoxia Is Mediated by the Deubiquitinase USP28. Cells 2022; 11:1006. [PMID: 35326457 PMCID: PMC8947361 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Proviral integration sites for Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases are upregulated at the protein level in response to hypoxia and have multiple protumorigenic functions, promoting cell growth, survival, and angiogenesis. However, the mechanism responsible for the induction of PIM in hypoxia remains unknown. Here, we examined factors affecting PIM kinase stability in normoxia and hypoxia. We found that PIM kinases were upregulated in hypoxia at the protein level but not at the mRNA level, confirming that PIMs were upregulated in hypoxia in a hypoxia inducible factor 1-independent manner. PIM kinases were less ubiquitinated in hypoxia than in normoxia, indicating that hypoxia reduced their proteasomal degradation. We identified the deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific protease 28 (USP28) as a key regulator of PIM1 and PIM2 stability. The overexpression of USP28 increased PIM protein stability and total levels in both normoxia and hypoxia, and USP28-knockdown significantly increased the ubiquitination of PIM1 and PIM2. Interestingly, coimmunoprecipitation assays showed an increased interaction between PIM1/2 and USP28 in response to hypoxia, which correlated with reduced ubiquitination and increased protein stability. In a xenograft model, USP28-knockdown tumors grew more slowly than control tumors and showed significantly lower levels of PIM1 in vivo. In conclusion, USP28 blocked the ubiquitination and increased the stability of PIM1/2, particularly in hypoxia. These data provide the first insight into proteins responsible for controlling PIM protein degradation and identify USP28 as an important upstream regulator of this hypoxia-induced, protumorigenic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K. Toth
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | - Regina Solomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Noel A. Warfel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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Hu B, Xu G, Jin X, Chen D, Qian X, Li W, Xu L, Zhu J, Tang J, Jin X, Hou J. Novel Prognostic Predictor for Primary Pulmonary Hypertension: Focus on Blood Urea Nitrogen. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:724179. [PMID: 34760940 PMCID: PMC8572959 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.724179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a life-threatening disease associated with increased mortality. The urea cycle pathway plays a major role in PPH severity and treatment response. Little is known about the association of the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and PPH prognosis. Methods: Clinical data were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database. Adult patients (≥18 years) patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) in the database were enrolled. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the association of BUN with length of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stays. The chi-square test was used to analyze the association of BUN with mortality rate. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the BUN as an independent prognostic factor of mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to analyze the sensitivity and specificity for mortality. Results: In total, 263 patients who met the selection criteria were enrolled. BUN was significantly positively associated with length of hospital stay and ICU stay (hospital stay: ρ = 0.282, ICU stay: ρ = 0.276; all P < 0.001). Higher hospital, 90-day and 4-year mortality rates were observed in the higher BUN quartile of PPH patients (hospital: P = 0.002; 90-day: P = 0.025; 4-year: P < 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients in higher BUN quartile tended to have lower 4-year survival (Q1:7.65%, Q2: 10.71%; Q3: 14.80%, Q4: 16.84%; P < 0.0001). Logistic regression analyses found a significant association of BUN and mortality (hospital: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02–1.08, P = 0.001; 90-day: OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.00–1.05, P = 0.027; 4-year: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02–1.08, P = 0.001). Results of ROC and AUC showed that the diagnostic performance of BUN for mortality was moderately good. Conclusion: BUN was positively correlated with the length of hospital stay and ICU stay of PPH patients. Higher BUN was associated with higher hospital, 90-day and 4-year mortality and lower 4-year survival of PPH patients. These findings indicate that BUN can be a novel potential prognostic predictor for PPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Pathology and Municipal Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Deqing Chen
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaolan Qian
- Department of Pathology and Municipal Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Wanlu Li
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Long Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Pathology and Municipal Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiuhui Jin
- Department of Immunology and Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Sun Y, Wang L, Meng X, Gong S, Zhao Q, Shi L, Jiang R, He J, Wu W, Li Y, Luo C, Qiu H, Li J, Yuan P, Liu J. Soluble ST2 and mixed venous oxygen saturation for prediction of mortality in patients with pulmonary hypertension. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:3478-3488. [PMID: 34277043 PMCID: PMC8264676 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-2732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Although soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (sST2) has been identified as a clinical biomarker for pulmonary hypertension (PH) by previous studies, the implication of sST2 combined with hemodynamic parameters in PH has not been well studied. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sST2 and hemodynamic parameters and to evaluate the predictive value of sST2 for mortality in patients with PH. Methods One hundred eighty-four incident patients with PH and 14 healthy controls were retrospectively enrolled by Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital for this retrospective study. After all patients underwent right heart catheterization, blood samples were collected and serum sST2 concentration was assessed by the Presage™ ST2 assay. Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression analyses were used to predict survival and the association between survival and different factors such as sST2, SvO2. Results During a follow-up of 44.9 (IQR 28.5–64.4) months, 65 patients died. The median concentration of sST2 in PH patients was 33.1 ng/mL, which is higher than that in control group (23.1 ng/mL, P=0.005). Furthermore, for PH group, the level of sST2 was higher in non-survivors than that in survivors. Cox regression analyses demonstrated that sST2 and SvO2 were independent risk factors for survival. In Kaplan-Meier curve analyses, elevated sST2 level and reduced SvO2 predicted a poor outcome for patients with PH. Conclusions Higher sST2 was independently associated with increased mortality, as well as lower SvO2 in patients with PH. Especially, the combination of higher sST2 and lower SvO2 had the strongest predictive value of mortality in patients with PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sugang Gong
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinhua Zhao
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingzi Shi
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cijun Luo
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongling Qiu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinling Li
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Cui X, Pan G, Chen Y, Guo X, Liu T, Zhang J, Yang X, Cheng M, Gao H, Jiang F. The p53 pathway in vasculature revisited: A therapeutic target for pathological vascular remodeling? Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105683. [PMID: 34019981 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pathological vascular remodeling contributes to the development of restenosis following intraluminal interventions, transplant vasculopathy, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Activation of the tumor suppressor p53 may counteract vascular remodeling by inhibiting aberrant proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and repressing vascular inflammation. In particular, the development of different lines of small-molecule p53 activators ignites the hope of treating remodeling-associated vascular diseases by targeting p53 pharmacologically. In this review, we discuss the relationships between p53 and pathological vascular remodeling, and summarize current experimental data suggesting that drugging the p53 pathway may represent a novel strategy to prevent the development of vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Cui
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guopin Pan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaosun Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mei Cheng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haiqing Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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Satoh K, Kikuchi N, Shimokawa H. PIM1 (Provirus Integration Site For Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus) as a Novel Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Another Evidence for Cancer Theory. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:500-502. [PMID: 32101474 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.313975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimio Satoh
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kikuchi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Lampron MC, Vitry G, Nadeau V, Grobs Y, Paradis R, Samson N, Tremblay È, Boucherat O, Meloche J, Bonnet S, Provencher S, Potus F, Paulin R. PIM1 (Moloney Murine Leukemia Provirus Integration Site) Inhibition Decreases the Nonhomologous End-Joining DNA Damage Repair Signaling Pathway in Pulmonary Hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:783-801. [PMID: 31969012 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease characterized by the narrowing of pulmonary arteries (PAs). It is now established that this phenotype is associated with enhanced PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation and suppressed apoptosis. This phenotype is sustained in part by the activation of several DNA repair pathways allowing PASMCs to survive despite the unfavorable environmental conditions. PIM1 (Moloney murine leukemia provirus integration site) is an oncoprotein upregulated in PAH and involved in many prosurvival pathways, including DNA repair. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the implication of PIM1 in the DNA damage response and the beneficial effect of its inhibition by pharmacological inhibitors in human PAH-PASMCs and in rat PAH models. Approach and Results: We found in vitro that PIM1 inhibition by either SGI-1776, TP-3654, siRNA (silencer RNA) decreased the phosphorylation of its newly identified direct target KU70 (lupus Ku autoantigen protein p70) resulting in the inhibition of double-strand break repair (Comet Assay) by the nonhomologous end-joining as well as reduction of PAH-PASMCs proliferation (Ki67-positive cells) and resistance to apoptosis (Annexin V positive cells) of PAH-PASMCs. In vivo, SGI-1776 and TP-3654 given 3× a week, improved significantly pulmonary hemodynamics (right heart catheterization) and vascular remodeling (Elastica van Gieson) in monocrotaline and Fawn-Hooded rat models of PAH. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that PIM1 phosphorylates KU70 and initiates DNA repair signaling in PAH-PASMCs and that PIM1 inhibitors represent a therapeutic option for patients with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Lampron
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
| | - Géraldine Vitry
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
| | - Valérie Nadeau
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
| | - Yann Grobs
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
| | - Renée Paradis
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
| | - Nolwenn Samson
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
| | - Ève Tremblay
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
| | - Olivier Boucherat
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
| | - Jolyane Meloche
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Quebec, Canada (J.M.)
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
| | - Steeve Provencher
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
| | - François Potus
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
| | - Roxane Paulin
- From the Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Heart and Lung Institute of Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (M.-C.L., G.V., V.N., Y.G., R.P., N.S., E.T., O.B., S.B., S.P., F.P., R.P.)
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13
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Kikuchi N, Satoh K, Satoh T, Yaoita N, Siddique MAH, Omura J, Kurosawa R, Nogi M, Sunamura S, Miyata S, Misu H, Saito Y, Shimokawa H. Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Serum Levels of SeP (Selenoprotein P) in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2553-2562. [PMID: 31665907 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the recent progress in upfront combination therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), useful biomarkers for the disorder still remain to be developed. SeP (Selenoprotein P) is a glycoprotein secreted from various kinds of cells including pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells to maintain cellular metabolism. We have recently demonstrated that SeP production from pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells is upregulated and plays crucial roles in the pathogenesis of PAH. However, it remains to be elucidated whether serum SeP levels could be a useful biomarker for PAH. Approach and Results: We measured serum SeP levels and evaluated their prognostic impacts in 65 consecutive patients with PAH and 20 controls during follow-up (mean, 1520 days; interquartile range, 1393-1804 days). Serum SeP levels were measured using a newly developed sol particle homogeneous immunoassay. The patients with PAH showed significantly higher serum SeP levels compared with controls. Higher SeP levels (cutoff point, 3.47 mg/L) were associated with the outcome (composite end point of all-cause death and lung transplantation) in patients with PAH (hazard ratio, 4.85 [1.42-16.6]; P<0.01). Importantly, we found that the absolute change in SeP of patients with PAH (ΔSeP) in response to the initiation of PAH-specific therapy significantly correlated with the absolute change in mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance (ΔPVR), and cardiac index (ΔCI; R=0.78, 0.76, and -0.71 respectively, all P<0.0001). Moreover, increase in ΔSeP during the follow-up predicted poor outcome of PAH. CONCLUSIONS Serum SeP is a novel biomarker for diagnosis and assessment of treatment efficacy and long-term prognosis in patients with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Kikuchi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (N.K., K.S., T.S., N.Y., M.A.H.S., J.O., R.K., M.N., S.S., S.M., H.S.)
| | - Kimio Satoh
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (N.K., K.S., T.S., N.Y., M.A.H.S., J.O., R.K., M.N., S.S., S.M., H.S.)
| | - Taijyu Satoh
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (N.K., K.S., T.S., N.Y., M.A.H.S., J.O., R.K., M.N., S.S., S.M., H.S.)
| | - Nobuhiro Yaoita
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (N.K., K.S., T.S., N.Y., M.A.H.S., J.O., R.K., M.N., S.S., S.M., H.S.)
| | - Mohammad Abdul Hai Siddique
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (N.K., K.S., T.S., N.Y., M.A.H.S., J.O., R.K., M.N., S.S., S.M., H.S.)
| | - Junichi Omura
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (N.K., K.S., T.S., N.Y., M.A.H.S., J.O., R.K., M.N., S.S., S.M., H.S.)
| | - Ryo Kurosawa
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (N.K., K.S., T.S., N.Y., M.A.H.S., J.O., R.K., M.N., S.S., S.M., H.S.)
| | - Masamichi Nogi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (N.K., K.S., T.S., N.Y., M.A.H.S., J.O., R.K., M.N., S.S., S.M., H.S.)
| | - Shinichiro Sunamura
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (N.K., K.S., T.S., N.Y., M.A.H.S., J.O., R.K., M.N., S.S., S.M., H.S.)
| | - Satoshi Miyata
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (N.K., K.S., T.S., N.Y., M.A.H.S., J.O., R.K., M.N., S.S., S.M., H.S.)
| | - Hirofumi Misu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ishikawa, Japan (H.M.)
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (Y.S.)
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan (N.K., K.S., T.S., N.Y., M.A.H.S., J.O., R.K., M.N., S.S., S.M., H.S.)
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14
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Xing Y, Zheng X, Fu Y, Qi J, Li M, Ma M, Wang S, Li S, Zhu D. Long Noncoding RNA-Maternally Expressed Gene 3 Contributes to Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension. Mol Ther 2019; 27:2166-2181. [PMID: 31477557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression and function of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH), especially in the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), are largely unknown. Herein, we examined the expression and role of lncRNA-maternally expressed gene 3 (lncRNA-MEG3) in HPH. lncRNA-MEG3 was significantly increased and primarily localized in the cytoplasm of hypoxic PASMCs. lncRNA-MEG3 knockdown by lung-specific delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) significantly inhibited the development of HPH in vivo. Silencing of lncRNA-MEG3 by siRNAs and gapmers attenuated proliferation and cell-cycle progression in both PASMCs from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH) patients (iPAH-PASMCs) and hypoxia-exposed PASMCs in vitro. Mechanistically, we found that lncRNA-MEG3 interacts with and leads to the degradation of microRNA-328-3p (miR-328-3p), leading to upregulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R). Additionally, higher expression of lncRNA-MEG3 and IGF1R and lower expression of miR-328-3p were observed in iPAH-PASMCs and relevant HPH models. These data provide insights into the contribution of lncRNA-MEG3 to HPH. Upregulation of lncRNA-MEG3 sequesters cytoplasmic miR-328-3p, eventually leading to expression of IGF1R, revealing a regulatory mechanism by lncRNAs in hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China.
| | - Yao Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China
| | - Jing Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China; Department of Pharmaceutical, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, P.R. China
| | - Mingfei Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Shuzhen Li
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Daling Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China; Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, P.R. China; State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Daqing 163319, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.
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15
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Zhu T, Luo J, Wang Y, Xiong X, Sheng B, Yang X, Ndongala NAMT, Li J. Elevated plasma Pim-1 and its clinical significance in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:752-760. [PMID: 31066078 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to determine plasma Pim-1 levels in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and to estimate the clinical value of Pim-1 as a biomarker of PAH. This was a single-centre retrospective study in 111 patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and idiopathic PAH (IPAH). Those CHD patients were divided into two groups: PAH associated with CHD (PAH-CHD) and CHD without PAH (nPAH-CHD). Plasma Pim-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (a) Plasma Pim-1 levels were significantly increased in patients with PAH-CHD and IPAH compared with the healthy control group (27.81 ± 11.34 ng/mL vs 13.02 ± 5.30 ng/mL; 32.81 ± 12.28 ng/mL vs 13.02 ± 5.30 ng/mL, P < 0.05) and nPAH-CHD (27.81 ± 11.34 ng/mL vs 17.33 ± 7.99 ng/mL; 32.81 ± 12.28 ng/mL vs 17.33 ± 7.99 ng/mL, P < 0.05). Pim-1 levels were substantially increased in patients with severe PAH-CHD compared with mild-to-moderate PAH-CHD (19.12 ± 6.70 ng/mL vs 8.54 ± 3.71 ng/mL, P < 0.05). (b) Pim-1 levels were correlated positively with the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (r = 0.582, 0.516; P < 0.001, respectively), while negatively with tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), tricuspid annular plane systolic velocity (S') and right ventricular fractional area changes (RVFAC) (r = -0.375, -0.354, -0.507; P < 0.05, respectively). (c) PAH-CHD and severe PAH-CHD was identified by plasma Pim-1 with a cutoff value of 16.8 ng/mL (P < 0.001) with a sensitivity of 87.3% and a specificity of 65%, and a cutoff value of 20.53 ng/mL (P < 0.001) with a sensitivity of 87.3% and a specificity of 52%, respectively. Plasma Pim-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with PAH-CHD and IPAH. Plasma Pim-1 may represent an effectively biomarker in patients with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Xianliang Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | - Jiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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16
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Carlson DA, Singer MR, Sutherland C, Redondo C, Alexander LT, Hughes PF, Knapp S, Gurley SB, Sparks MA, MacDonald JA, Haystead TAJ. Targeting Pim Kinases and DAPK3 to Control Hypertension. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:1195-1207.e32. [PMID: 30033129 PMCID: PMC6863095 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sustained vascular smooth muscle hypercontractility promotes hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The etiology of hypercontractility is not completely understood. New therapeutic targets remain vitally important for drug discovery. Here we report that Pim kinases, in combination with DAPK3, regulate contractility and control hypertension. Using a co-crystal structure of lead molecule (HS38) in complex with DAPK3, a dual Pim/DAPK3 inhibitor (HS56) and selective DAPK3 inhibitors (HS94 and HS148) were developed to provide mechanistic insight into the polypharmacology of hypertension. In vitro and ex vivo studies indicated that Pim kinases directly phosphorylate smooth muscle targets and that Pim/DAPK3 inhibition, unlike selective DAPK3 inhibition, significantly reduces contractility. In vivo, HS56 decreased blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive mice in a dose-dependent manner without affecting heart rate. These findings suggest including Pim kinase inhibition within a multi-target engagement strategy for hypertension management. HS56 represents a significant step in the development of molecularly targeted antihypertensive medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Carlson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Miriam R Singer
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Cindy Sutherland
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Clara Redondo
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Leila T Alexander
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Philip F Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susan B Gurley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Matthew A Sparks
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Justin A MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Timothy A J Haystead
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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17
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Marra AM, Bossone E, Salzano A, D’Assante R, Monaco F, Ferrara F, Arcopinto M, Vriz O, Suzuki T, Cittadini A. Biomarkers in Pulmonary Hypertension. Heart Fail Clin 2018; 14:393-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Adão R, Mendes-Ferreira P, Santos-Ribeiro D, Maia-Rocha C, Pimentel LD, Monteiro-Pinto C, Mulvaney EP, Reid HM, Kinsella BT, Potus F, Breuils-Bonnet S, Rademaker MT, Provencher S, Bonnet S, Leite-Moreira AF, Brás-Silva C. Urocortin-2 improves right ventricular function and attenuates pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:1165-1177. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease and treatment options are limited. Urocortin-2 (Ucn-2) has shown promising therapeutic effects in experimental and clinical left ventricular heart failure (HF). Our aim was to analyse the expression of Ucn-2 in human and experimental PAH, and to investigate the effects of human Ucn-2 (hUcn-2) administration in rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH).
Methods and results
Tissue samples were collected from patients with and without PAH and from rats with MCT-induced PH. hUcn-2 (5 μg/kg, bi-daily, i.p., for 10 days) or vehicle was administered to male wistar rats subjected to MCT injection or to pulmonary artery banding (PAB) to induce right ventricular (RV) overload without PAH. Expression of Ucn-2 and its receptor was increased in the RV of patients and rats with PAH. hUcn-2 treatment reduced PAH in MCT rats, resulting in decreased morbidity, improved exercise capacity and attenuated pulmonary arterial and RV remodelling and dysfunction. Additionally, RV gene expression of hypertrophy and failure signalling pathways were attenuated. hUcn-2 treatment also attenuated PAB-induced RV hypertrophy.
Conclusions
Ucn-2 levels are altered in human and experimental PAH. hUcn-2 treatment attenuates PAH and RV dysfunction in MCT-induced PH, has direct anti-remodelling effects on the pressure-overloaded RV, and improves pulmonary vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Adão
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center - UnIC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Mendes-Ferreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center - UnIC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Santos-Ribeiro
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center - UnIC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Maia-Rocha
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center - UnIC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís D Pimentel
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center - UnIC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Monteiro-Pinto
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center - UnIC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eamon P Mulvaney
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin,Ireland
| | - Helen M Reid
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin,Ireland
| | - B Therese Kinsella
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin,Ireland
| | - François Potus
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Sandra Breuils-Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Miriam T Rademaker
- Department of Medicine, Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Steeve Provencher
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Adelino F Leite-Moreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center - UnIC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Brás-Silva
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center - UnIC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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19
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Sysol JR, Chen J, Singla S, Zhao S, Comhair S, Natarajan V, Machado RF. Micro-RNA-1 is decreased by hypoxia and contributes to the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling via regulation of sphingosine kinase 1. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L461-L472. [PMID: 29167124 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00057.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) upregulation is associated with pathologic pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but the mechanisms controlling its expression are undefined. In this study, we sought to characterize the regulation of SphK1 expression by micro-RNAs (miRs). In silico analysis of the SphK1 3'-untranslated region identified several putative miR binding sites, with miR-1-3p (miR-1) being the most highly predicted target. Therefore we further investigated the role of miR-1 in modulating SphK1 expression and characterized its effects on the phenotype of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and the development of experimental pulmonary hypertension in vivo. Our results demonstrate that miR-1 is downregulated by hypoxia in PASMCs and can directly inhibit SphK1 expression. Overexpression of miR-1 in human PASMCs inhibits basal and hypoxia-induced proliferation and migration. Human PASMCs isolated from PAH patients exhibit reduced miR-1 expression. We also demonstrate that miR-1 is downregulated in mouse lung tissues during experimental hypoxia-mediated pulmonary hypertension (HPH), consistent with upregulation of SphK1. Furthermore, administration of miR-1 mimics in vivo prevented the development of HPH in mice and attenuated induction of SphK1 in PASMCs. These data reveal the importance of miR-1 in regulating SphK1 expression during hypoxia in PASMCs. A pivotal role is played by miR-1 in pulmonary vascular remodeling, including PASMC proliferation and migration, and its overexpression protects from the development of HPH in vivo. These studies improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Sysol
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jiwang Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sunit Singla
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shuangping Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Roberto F Machado
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana
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20
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Langleben D, Orfanos S. Vasodilator responsiveness in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension: identifying a distinct phenotype with distinct physiology and distinct prognosis. Pulm Circ 2017; 7:588-597. [PMID: 28632001 PMCID: PMC5841907 DOI: 10.1177/2045893217714231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the cohort of patients suffering from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a group that responds dramatically (VR-PAH) to an acute vasodilator challenge and that has excellent long-term hemodynamic improvement and prognosis on high dose calcium channel blockers compared with vasodilator non-responders (VN-PAH). For the purposes of diagnosing VR-PAH, there is to date no test to replace the acute vasodilator challenge. However, recent studies have identified markers that may aid in the identification of VR-PAH, including peripheral blood lymphocyte RNA expression levels of desmogelin-2 and Ras homolog gene family member Q, and plasma levels of provirus integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus. Genome wide-array studies of peripheral blood DNA have demonstrated differences in disease specific genetic variants between VR-PAH and NR-PAH, with particular convergence on cytoskeletal function pathways and Wnt signaling pathways. These studies offer hope for future non-invasive identification of VR-PAH, and insights into pathogenesis that may lead to novel therapies. Examination of the degree of pulmonary microvascular perfusion in PAH has offered additional insights. During the acute vasodilator challenge, VR-PAH patients demonstrate true vasodilation with recruitment and increased perfusion of the capillary bed, while VN-PAH patients are unable to recruit vasculature. In the very few reports of lung histology, VR-PAH has more medial thickening in the precapillary arterioles, while VN-PAH has the classic histology of PAH, including intimal thickening. VR-PAH is a disorder with a phenotype distinct from VN-PAH and other types of PAH, and should be considered separately in the classification of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Langleben
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Stylianos Orfanos
- Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic, Department of Critical Care, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistirian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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21
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Harbaum L, Baaske KM, Simon M, Oqueka T, Sinning C, Glatzel A, Lüneburg N, Sydow K, Bokemeyer C, Klose H. Exploratory analysis of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:72. [PMID: 28446163 PMCID: PMC5405506 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation emerges as a feature of the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in experimental models. Alterations of circulating cell subsets have been observed in patients with PAH. We aimed to assess associations of the white blood cell count with disease severity and outcome in patients with PAH. Methods The total and differential white blood cell count was related to functional parameters, pulmonary hemodynamics and transplantation-free survival in 77 patients with PAH in an observational single center study. Results An increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was associated with poor World Health Organization functional class and shorter 6-minute walking distance, as well as with elevated right atrial pressure and high level of N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide. During a median follow-up period of 31 months (range 16-56) 23 patients died and 2 patients were referred to lung transplantation. Using uni- and subsequent bivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses an increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was associated with unfavorable transplantation-free survival independent of hemodynamic parameters and C-reactive protein. The prognostic implication sustained in subsets of patients with incident PAH and in the absence of cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions The results of this analysis indicate that a neutrophilic inflammation may be associated with clinical deterioration and poor outcome in patients with PAH. Assessing the composition of the differential white blood cell count may render prognostic information and could represent a step towards incorporating an inflammatory marker into the clinical management of patients with PAH. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12890-017-0407-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Harbaum
- Center of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,Section Pneumology, Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Kaaja M Baaske
- Center of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Section Pneumology, Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Simon
- Center of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Section Pneumology, Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Oqueka
- Center of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Section Pneumology, Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Sinning
- Center of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Glatzel
- Center of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Lüneburg
- Center of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Sydow
- Center of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Oncology, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Klose
- Center of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Section Pneumology, Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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22
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Bataille CJR, Brennan MB, Byrne S, Davies SG, Durbin M, Fedorov O, Huber KVM, Jones AM, Knapp S, Liu G, Nadali A, Quevedo CE, Russell AJ, Walker RG, Westwood R, Wynne GM. Thiazolidine derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of the PIM kinase family. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2657-2665. [PMID: 28341403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The PIM family of serine/threonine kinases have become an attractive target for anti-cancer drug development, particularly for certain hematological malignancies. Here, we describe the discovery of a series of inhibitors of the PIM kinase family using a high throughput screening strategy. Through a combination of molecular modeling and optimization studies, the intrinsic potencies and molecular properties of this series of compounds was significantly improved. An excellent pan-PIM isoform inhibition profile was observed across the series, while optimized examples show good selectivity over other kinases. Two PIM-expressing leukemic cancer cell lines, MV4-11 and K562, were employed to evaluate the in vitro anti-proliferative effects of selected inhibitors. Encouraging activities were observed for many examples, with the best example (44) giving an IC50 of 0.75μM against the K562 cell line. These data provide a promising starting point for further development of this series as a new cancer therapy through PIM kinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole J R Bataille
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Méabh B Brennan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Simon Byrne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Stephen G Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Matthew Durbin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Kilian V M Huber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Alan M Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Gu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Anna Nadali
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Camilo E Quevedo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Angela J Russell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK; Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Roderick G Walker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Robert Westwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Graham M Wynne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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23
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Chen R, Yan J, Liu P, Wang Z, Wang C, Zhong W, Xu L. The role of nuclear factor of activated T cells in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:508-514. [PMID: 28103134 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1281485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) was first identified as a transcription factor about 3 decades ago and was not well studied until the development of immunosuppressant. Numerous studies confirm that calcineurin/NFAT signaling is very important in the development of vasculature and cardiovascular system during embryogenesis and is involved in the development of vascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and restenosis. Recent studies demonstrated that NFAT proteins also regulate immune response and vascular cells in the pulmonary microenvironment. In this review, we will discuss how different NFAT isoforms contribute to pulmonary vascular remodeling and potential new therapeutic targets for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- a Department of Cardiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jinchuan Yan
- a Department of Cardiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Peijing Liu
- a Department of Cardiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- a Department of Cardiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Cuiping Wang
- a Department of Cardiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Wei Zhong
- a Department of Cardiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
| | - Liangjie Xu
- a Department of Cardiology , Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , Jiangsu , China
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24
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Qian Z, Zhang L, Chen J, Li Y, Kang K, Qu J, Wang Z, Zhai Y, Li L, Gou D. MiR-328 targeting PIM-1 inhibits proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells in PDGFBB signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 7:54998-55011. [PMID: 27448984 PMCID: PMC5342397 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized to mediate PDGF-induced cell dysregulation, but their exact functions remain to be elucidated. By using a sensitive S-Poly(T) Plus qRT-PCR method, the expression profiling of 1,078 miRNAs were investigated in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) with or without PDGFBB stimulation. MiR-328 was found as a prominent down-regulated miRNA, displaying a specific dose- and time-dependent downregulation upon PDGFBB exposure. Functional analyses revealed that miR-328 could inhibit PASMCs proliferation and migration both with and without PDGFBB treatment. The Ser/Thr-protein kinase-1 (PIM-1) was identified as a direct target of miR-328, and functionally confirmed by a rescue experiment. In addition, the decrease of miR-328 by PDGFBB might be due to the increased expression of DNA methylation transferase 1 (DNMT1) and DNA methylation. Finally, serum miR-328 level was downregulated in PAH patients associated with congenital heart disease (CHD- PAH). Overall, this study provides critical insight into fundamental regulatory mechanism of miR-328 in PDGFBB-activited PASMCs via targeting PIM- 1, and implies the potential of serum miR-328 level as a circulating biomarker for CHD- PAH diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjiang Qian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Jidong Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Yanjiao Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Kang Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Yujia Zhai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Li Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Deming Gou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
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25
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Zheng YG, Yang T, He JG, Chen G, Liu ZH, Xiong CM, Gu Q, Ni XH, Zhao ZH. Plasma soluble ST2 levels correlate with disease severity and predict clinical worsening in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Clin Cardiol 2015; 37:365-70. [PMID: 25068163 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity (sST2) has been proposed to be a marker for biomechanical strain and a possible predictor of mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. The use of sST2 in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has not been well defined. HYPOTHESIS Plasma sST2 levels may correlate with the disease severity and predict clinical worsening in PAH. METHODS We performed a cohort study of 40 idiopathic PAH patients with data on demographics, exercise capacity, echocardiographic parameters, laboratory tests, hemodynamics, and medications. Plasma sST2 was assessed with the high-sensitivity ST2 ELISA kit at diagnostic catheterization. All patients were followed up from the date of blood sampling. The endpoint was clinical worsening. RESULTS sST2 was significantly elevated in patients with idiopathic PAH compared with control subjects (28.9 ± 13.9 vs 20.7 ± 7.5 ng/mL, P = 0.003). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that sST2 levels correlated with cardiac index (r = -0.534, P = 0.000) and pulmonary vascular resistance (r = 0.350, P = 0.027), and could reflect disease severity of PAH. After a mean follow-up of 14 ± 5 months, 12 patients showed clinical worsening. Receiver operating characteristic analysis suggested that sST2 levels >31.4 ng/mL discriminated clinical worsening with a sensitivity and specificity of 83.3% and 78.6%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that higher sST2 levels (>31.4 ng/mL) were associated with poor clinical outcomes (P = 0.008). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that sST2 was an independent predictor of clinical worsening (hazard ratio: 6.067, 95% confidence interval: 1.317-27.948, P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS sST2 correlates with disease severity and is a significant predictor of clinical worsening in patients with PAH.
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26
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McGlinchey N, Johnson MK. Novel serum biomarkers in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Biomark Med 2015; 8:1001-11. [PMID: 25343672 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.14.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a difficult-to-treat condition with high mortality. Biomarkers are utilized to aid with diagnosis, prognostication and response to treatment. A clinically useful and PAH-specific single biomarker that is easy to measure remains elusive. This is in part due to the heterogeneity of PAH and its complex etiology. Brain natriuretic peptide and its N-terminal fragment are currently the most widely used serum markers; however, several novel serum biomarkers have been investigated recently. Taken individually, the evidence for each of these seems provisionally promising though currently weak overall. It is likely that a multibiomarker panel will be recommended in the future, with the optimal combination yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil McGlinchey
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Agamemnon Street, Glasgow, UK
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27
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Increased expression of activated pSTAT3 and PIM-1 in the pulmonary vasculature of experimental congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg 2015; 50:908-11. [PMID: 25812446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) protein family (STAT1-6) regulates diverse cellular processes. Recently, the isoform STAT3 has been implicated to play a central role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). In human PH activated STAT3 (pSTAT3) was shown to directly trigger expression of the provirus integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (Pim-1), which promotes proliferation and resistance to apoptosis in SMCs. We designed this study to investigate the hypothesis that pSTAT3 and Pim-1 pulmonary vascular expression is increased in nitrofen-induced CDH. METHODS Pregnant rats were exposed to nitrofen or vehicle on D9.5. Fetuses were sacrificed on D21 and divided into nitrofen (n=16) and control group (n=16). QRT-PCR, western blotting, and confocal-immunofluorescence were performed to determine pulmonary gene and protein expression levels of pSTAT3 and Pim-1. RESULTS Pulmonary Pim-1 gene expression was significantly increased in the CDH group compared to controls. Western blotting and confocal-microscopy confirmed increased pulmonary protein expression of Pim-1 and increased activation of pSTAT3 in CDH lungs compared to controls. CONCLUSION Markedly increased gene and protein expression of Pim-1 and activated pSTAT3 in the pulmonary vasculature of nitrofen-induced CDH lungs suggest that pSTAT3 and Pim-1 are important mediators of PH in nitrofen-induced CDH.
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28
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Magne J, Pibarot P, Sengupta PP, Donal E, Rosenhek R, Lancellotti P. Pulmonary Hypertension in Valvular Disease. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 8:83-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Vaillancourt M, Ruffenach G, Meloche J, Bonnet S. Adaptation and remodelling of the pulmonary circulation in pulmonary hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2014; 31:407-15. [PMID: 25630876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by remodelling of pulmonary arteries caused by a proliferation/apoptosis imbalance within the vascular wall. This pathological phenotype seems to be triggered by different environmental stress and injury events such as increased inflammation, DNA damage, and epigenetic deregulation. It appears that one of the first hit to occur is endothelial cells (ECs) injury and apoptosis, which leads to paracrine signalling to other ECs, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and fibroblasts. These signals promote a phenotypic change of surviving ECs by disturbing different signalling pathways leading to sustained vasoconstriction, proproliferative and antiapoptotic phenotype, deregulated angiogenesis, and formation of plexiform lesions. EC signalling also recruits proinflammatory cells, leading to pulmonary infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, sustaining the inflammatory environment and autoimmune response. Finally, EC signalling promotes proliferative and antiapoptotic PAH-PASMC phenotypes, which acquire migratory capacities, resulting in increased vascular wall thickness and muscularization of small pulmonary arterioles. Adaptation and remodelling of pulmonary circulation also involves epigenetic components, such as microRNA deregulation, DNA methylation, and histone modification. This review will focus on the different cellular and epigenetic aspects including EC stress response, molecular mechanisms contributing to PAH-PASMC and PAEC proliferation and resistance to apoptosis, as well as epigenetic control involved in adaptation and remodelling of the pulmonary circulation in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Vaillancourt
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of The Quebec Heart And Lung Institute Research Centre, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Grégoire Ruffenach
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of The Quebec Heart And Lung Institute Research Centre, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jolyane Meloche
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of The Quebec Heart And Lung Institute Research Centre, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of The Quebec Heart And Lung Institute Research Centre, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
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30
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Sharma S, Umar S, Potus F, Iorga A, Wong G, Meriwether D, Breuils-Bonnet S, Mai D, Navab K, Ross D, Navab M, Provencher S, Fogelman AM, Bonnet S, Reddy ST, Eghbali M. Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide 4F rescues pulmonary hypertension by inducing microRNA-193-3p. Circulation 2014; 130:776-85. [PMID: 24963038 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.007405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a chronic lung disease associated with severe pulmonary vascular changes. A pathogenic role of oxidized lipids such as hydroxyeicosatetraenoic and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids is well established in vascular disease. Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides, including 4F, have been reported to reduce levels of these oxidized lipids and improve vascular disease. However, the role of oxidized lipids in the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension and the therapeutic action of 4F in pulmonary arterial hypertension are not well established. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 2 different rodent models of pulmonary hypertension (PH): a monocrotaline rat model and a hypoxia mouse model. Plasma levels of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids were significantly elevated in PH. 4F treatment reduced these levels and rescued preexisting PH in both models. MicroRNA analysis revealed that microRNA-193-3p (miR193) was significantly downregulated in the lung tissue and serum from both patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and rodents with PH. In vivo miR193 overexpression in the lungs rescued preexisting PH and resulted in downregulation of lipoxygenases and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor. 4F restored PH-induced miR193 expression via transcription factor retinoid X receptor α. CONCLUSIONS These studies establish the importance of microRNAs as downstream effectors of an apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide in the rescue of PH and suggest that treatment with apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides or miR193 may have therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salil Sharma
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Soban Umar
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Francois Potus
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Andrea Iorga
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Gabriel Wong
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - David Meriwether
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Sandra Breuils-Bonnet
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Denise Mai
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Kaveh Navab
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - David Ross
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Mohamad Navab
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Steeve Provencher
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Alan M Fogelman
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Srinivasa T Reddy
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.)
| | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine (S.S., S.U., A.I., G.W., D. Mai, K.N., M.E.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (D. Meriwether, K.N., M.N., A.M.F., S.T.R.), Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine (D.R.), Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (S.T.R.), and Cardiovascular Research Laboratories (M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles; and Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada (F.P., S.B.-B., S.P., S.B.).
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31
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Meloche J, Pflieger A, Vaillancourt M, Paulin R, Potus F, Zervopoulos S, Graydon C, Courboulin A, Breuils-Bonnet S, Tremblay E, Couture C, Michelakis ED, Provencher S, Bonnet S. Role for DNA damage signaling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation 2013; 129:786-97. [PMID: 24270264 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.006167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with sustained inflammation known to promote DNA damage. Despite these unfavorable environmental conditions, PAH pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) exhibit, in contrast to healthy PASMCs, a pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic phenotype, sustained in time by the activation of miR-204, nuclear factor of activated T cells, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α. We hypothesized that PAH-PASMCs have increased the activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a critical enzyme implicated in DNA repair, allowing proliferation despite the presence of DNA-damaging insults, eventually leading to PAH. METHODS AND RESULTS Human PAH distal pulmonary arteries and cultured PAH-PASMCs exhibit increased DNA damage markers (53BP1 and γ-H2AX) and an overexpression of PARP-1 (immunoblot and activity assay), in comparison with healthy tissues/cells. Healthy PASMCs treated with a clinically relevant dose of tumor necrosis factor-α harbored a similar phenotype, suggesting that inflammation induces DNA damage and PARP-1 activation in PAH. We also showed that PARP-1 activation accounts for miR-204 downregulation (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) and the subsequent activation of the transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T cells and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α in PAH-PASMCs, previously shown to be critical for PAH in several models. These effects resulted in PASMC proliferation (Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and WST1 assays) and resistance to apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and Annexin V assays). In vivo, the clinically available PARP inhibitor ABT-888 reversed PAH in 2 experimental rat models (Sugen/hypoxia and monocrotaline). CONCLUSIONS These results show for the first time that the DNA damage/PARP-1 signaling pathway is important for PAH development and provide a new therapeutic target for this deadly disease with high translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolyane Meloche
- Department of Medicine, Laval University, Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, IUCPQ Research Centre, Québec, Canada (J.M., A.P., M.V., F.P., C.G., A.C., S.B.-B., E.T., C.C., S.P., S.B.); and Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.P., S.Z., E.D.M.)
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32
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Myers PO, Tissot C, Beghetti M. Assessment of operability of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease. Circ J 2013; 78:4-11. [PMID: 24225339 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a common complication of congenital heart disease, and is now predominantly among patients with uncorrected left-to-right shunts. A growing population is characterized by persistent or recurrent PAH after surgical or interventional correction of left-to-right shunts; the latter having a worse prognosis than other forms of PAH associated with congenital heart disease. New treatments for PAH have been shown to be effective in improving PAH exercise capacity and hemodynamics, raising the hope for making previously inoperable congenital heart defects operable and shifting the framework for the assessment of operability. This review focuses on current methods for assessing operability in PAH associated with congenital heart disease, and the possibility of "treat-and-repair" vs. "repair-and-treat" strategies for patients with inoperable or borderline PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O Myers
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals & School of Medicine
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33
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von Gise A, Archer SL, Maclean MR, Hansmann G. The first Keystone Symposia Conference on pulmonary vascular isease and right ventricular dysfunction: Current concepts and future therapies. Pulm Circ 2013; 3:275-7. [PMID: 24015328 PMCID: PMC3757822 DOI: 10.4103/2045-8932.114751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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34
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Malenfant S, Neyron AS, Paulin R, Potus F, Meloche J, Provencher S, Bonnet S. Signal transduction in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2013; 3:278-93. [PMID: 24015329 PMCID: PMC3757823 DOI: 10.4103/2045-8932.114752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a unique disease. Properly speaking, it is not a disease of the lung. It can be seen more as a microvascular disease occurring mainly in the lungs and affecting the heart. At the cellular level, the PAH paradigm is characterized by inflammation, vascular tone imbalance, pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis and the presence of in situ thrombosis. At a clinical level, the aforementioned abnormal vascular properties alter physically the pulmonary circulation and ventilation, which greatly influence the right ventricle function as it highly correlates with disease severity. Consequently, right heart failure remains the principal cause of death within this cohort of patients. While current treatment modestly improve patients' conditions, none of them are curative and, as of today, new therapies are lacking. However, the future holds potential new therapies that might have positive influence on the quality of life of the patient. This article will first review the clinical presentation of the disease and the different molecular pathways implicated in the pathobiology of PAH. The second part will review tomorrow's future putative therapies for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Malenfant
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Neyron
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Roxane Paulin
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - François Potus
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Jolyane Meloche
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Steeve Provencher
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
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